Nguoithay Vnbaitapapdungphuongphapgiainhanhhoahocgiaichitiet 130418024328 Phpapp01

Nguoithay.
vn
- 1 -
CHUYN CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH HA V C

GII TON BNG PHNG PHP BO TON ELECTRON

L thuyt : Trong qu trnh phn ng th : s e nhng = s e nhn

Hoc n e nhng = n e nhn

Cc cu c gng khng ghi s cho nhn e ( Xem phn Cng thc c ht ri)

S nhng e ca Kl chnh l ha tr ca n: VD Al ha tr III => nhng 3e
Ch phn ng ca Fe + HCl th Fe nhng 2 e => FeCl2
Kh NO ha nu trong khng kh => NO2 (Mu nu)
DD tc dng vi NaOH => Mi khai (Hoac khi) l NH4NO3

II - Bi tp p dng

Bi 1. m (g) bt st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thu c12 gam hn hp cc cht rn FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
,
Fe d . Ha tan hon ton hn hp bng dung dch HNO
3
long thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,04 gam B. 10,08 gam C. 15,12 gam D. 20,16 gam
p dng CT 9: mFe = 0,7.moxit + 5,6.n e nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6.3molNO = 0,7.12 + 5,6.3.0,1=10,08g
Bi2. Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt
kh. Nu cho 34,8 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO
4
d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu c sau
phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
nng d th thu c V lt kh NO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V l
A. 11,2 lt B. 22,4 lt C. 53,76 lt D. 76,82 lt
Phng php bo ton e khng quan trng trung gian ch quan trng nhng cht c s cho nhn e.
17,4 g => n e nhn = 2nH2 ( 2H
+
+ 2

e => H
2
)
34,8 g => ne nhn = nNO2 => nNO2 = 4nH2 = 2,4 mol => V = 53,76 lt
Bi 3.Ha tan hon ton 28,8 gam kim loi Cu vo dung dch HNO
3
long, tt c kh NO thu c em oxi ha
thnh NO
2
ri sc vo nc c dng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO
3
. Th tch kh oxi ktc tham gia vo qu
trnh trn l
A. 5,04 lt B. 7,56 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 8,96 lt
Bte : Cu 2

e=> Cu
2+
, O
2
+ 4e =2O
-2
=> 2nCu = 4nO2 nO2 = 2.0,45/4 = 0,225 mol => V = 5,04 lt
Bi 4.Chia m gam hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch HCl, to ra 1,792 lt H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2 nung trong oxi thu c 2,84 g hn hp oxit. Gi tr ca m l
Phn 1 : ne nhng (Ca KL) = 2nH2 (ADCT 18)
PHn 2 : n e nhng = 4nO2 = > 2nH2 = 4nO2 => nO2 = 0,04 mol
AD LBT KL : m KL = mOxit mO2 = 2,84 0,04.32 = 1,56 g .V 2 phn => m ban u = 1,56.2 = 3,12g
Bi 5.Chia 38,6 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M c ha tr duy nht thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Tan va trong 2 lt dung dch HCl thy thot ra 14,56 lt H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2: Tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO
3
long nng thy thot ra 11,2 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc)
A. Nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl l
A. 0,45 M B. 0,25M C. 0,55 M D. 0,65 M
nHCl = 2nH2 = 2.0,65 = 1,3 mol => CM = 0,65M (nH+ = 2nH2 )
B. Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng phn 1 l
V chia lm 2 phn = nhau => m mi phn = 38,6/2 = 19,3g
AD(1): m mui clorua = m hn hpKl + nH2.71(hoc nHCl .35,5) = 19,3 + 0,65.71 = 65,45g
C. %m ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A. 30,05 % B. 50,05 % C. 58,03 % D. Kt qu khc
Gi a l ha tr ca M => M nhng a e , Gi x l nFe v y l nM mi phn.
Phn 1: Fe 2

e=> Fe+2 , 2H
+
+ 2

e => H2 , M a => M+a
Nguoithay.vn
- 2 -
2mol Fe + amolM = 2nH2 2x + ay = 1,3(I) (AD 18 nhng Fe y ch ln +2)
Phn 2: Fe 3

e => Fe3+ ,=> 3 mol Fe + amol M = 3nNO 3x + ay = 1,5 (II) (AD 6 chnh l BT e)
Gii I va II x = 0,2 , ay = 0,9
x = 0,2 => nFe ban u = 2.0,2 = 0,4(Do 2 phn) => m = 22,4 =>% = 22,4.100%/38,65 = 58,03%
=> S chnh lch s mol e nhn ca 2 phn l s mol Fe p
D. Kim loi M l
A. Mg B. Fe C. Al D. Cu
mFe + mM = 38,6 mM =38,6 mFe = 38,6 22,4 = 16,2 g
m ay = 0,9 => y = 0,9/a(mol) => Khi lng mol ca Mhay M ca M = 16,2a/0,9 = 9a vi a = 3=> Al
Bi 6.Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt
kh. Nu cho 8,7 gam hn hp tc dng dung dch NaOH d 3,36 lt kh. Vy nu cho 34,8 gam hn hp trn
tc dng vi dung dch CuSO
4
d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3

nng d th thu c V lt kh NO
2
. Cc kh u c o iu kin tiu chun. Th tch kh NO
2
thu c l
A. 26,88 lt B. 53,76 lt C. 13,44 lt D. 44,8 lt
Ging bi 2 Dng Nu cho 8,7 gam hn hp tc dng dung dch NaOH d 3,36 lt kh. Ch ta i
theo hng tnh 3 mol Al , Fe , Mg ban u thi
Bi 7.Cho tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp gm Mg v Fe trong dung dch HNO
3
2M, thu c dung dch D,
0,04 mol kh NO v 0,01 mol N
2
O. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ly d, lc v nung kt ta
n khi lng thu c m gam cht rn.
A. Gi tr ca m l
nMg (x) ; nFe(y) => 24x + 56 y = 3,6 = m hn hp
2x + 3y = 3nNO + 8nN2O = 3.0,04 + 8.0,01 =0,2 (AD 6) Gii h x = 0,01 , y = 0,06
p dng LBT Nguyn t Fe v Mg : (Nu cho Al v Zn th p vi NaOH d ko sinh kt ta)
nFe = 2n Fe2O3 => nFe2O3 = 0,03 mol => mFe2O3 = 0,03.160 = 4,8 g .
nMg = nMgO =0,01mol => mMgO =0,01.40 =0,4 g => mrn = 4,8 + 0,4 = 5,2g
B. Th tch HNO
3
phn ng l
A. 0,5 lt B. 0,24 lt C. 0,26 lt D. 0,13 lt
AD(8) : nHNO3 = 4nNO + 10nN2O = 4.0,04 + 0,01.10 = 0,26 mol => CM = 0,13M
Bi 8.Nung x mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp H gm 4 cht rn, l Fe v
3 oxit ca n. Ha tan ht lng hn hp H trn bng dung dch HNO
3
long, thu c 672 ml kh NO duy nht
(ktc). Tr s ca x l:
A 0,15 B 0,21 C 0,24 D Khng th xc nh
AD(9): mFe = 0,7.moxit + 5,6. ne nhn = 0,7.16,08 + 5,6.3.0,03 = 11,76 g => x = 11,76/56 = 0,21
Bi 9.Ha tan hon ton a gam Fe
x
O
y
bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c nng va , c cha 0,075 mol H
2
SO
4
,
thu c b gam mt mui v c 168 ml kh SO
2
(ktc) duy nht thot ra.
a) Tr s ca b l:
A 9,0 gam B 8,0 gam C 6,0 gam D 12 gam
BT Nguyn t S trc v sau p => nH2SO4 = 3nFe2(SO4)3 + nSO2
0,075 = 3nFe2(SO4)3 + 0,0075 nFe2(SO4)3 = 0,0225 mol => b = 0,0225.400 = 9 g
b) Tr s ca a gam Fe
x
O
y
cu (3) trn l:
A 1,08 gam B 2,4 gam C 4,64 gam D 3,48 gam
Dng BT KL : m FexOy + mH2SO4 = m mui ( b) + mSO2 + mH2O
m FexOy + 0,075.98 = 9 + 0,0075.64 + 0,075 . 18 m FexOy = 3,48g
c) Cng thc ca Fe
x
O
y
cu (3) l:
A FeO B Fe
2
O
3
C Fe
3
O
4
D khng xc nh
c
V to ra kh => FexOy c th l FeO hoc Fe3O4 . u nhng 1 e ht : BT e
nFexOy = 2nSO2 = 0,015 mol => MFexOy = 3,48/0,015 = 232 => Fe3O4
C th lm c ri quay li b cng c : Da vo nFexOy = 2nSO2 m nFe2(SO4)3 = 0,0225 mol
=> BT nguyn t Fe ta c : x.nFexOy = 2nFe2(SO4)3 => x= 3 => Fe3O4
Bi 12.Khi cho 5,4 gam kim loi nhm phn ng hon ton vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c, nng to kh SO
2

thot ra th lng kim loi nhm ny trao i bao nhiu in t?
A cho 0,2 mol B cho 0,6 mol C cho 0,4 mol D. Tt c u sai
Al ha tr III => Nhng 3 e => B
Nguoithay.vn
- 3 -
Bi 13.Ha tan hon ton m gam bt kim loi nhm vo mt lng dung dch axit nitric rt long c d, c 0,03
mol kh N
2
duy nht thot ra. Ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi lung d dung dch xt, un nng, c
672 ml duy nht mt kh (ktc) c mi khai thot ra. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tr s ca m l:
A 3,24 gam B 4,32 gam C 4,86 gam D 3,51 gam
C kh mi khai(Kh NH3) => c mui NH4NO3 (Bi 1 dy phn ny ri)
NH4NO3 + NaOH => NaNO3 + NH3 +H2O => nNH3 = nNH4NO3 = 0,03 mol
LBT e(AD6) : 3nAl = 10nN2 + 8nNH4NO3 nAl = (0,03.10 + 0,03.8)/3 = 0,18 => m = 4,86 g
Hoc N(+5) trong HNO3 => N(-3) trong NH3 (Kh mi khai) => 3nAl = 10nN2 + 8nNH3
Bi 15. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R1, R2 c ho tr x, y khng i (R1, R2 khng tc dng vi nc v ng
trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dd HNO3 d thu
c 1,12 l kh NO duy nht ktc. Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dd HNO3 th thu
c bao nhiu lt N2. Cc th tch kh o ktc.
A.0,112 lt B.0,224 lt C.0,336 lt D.0,56 lt
Phn 1: Kh to ra NO : n e nhng KL = 3nNO = 0,15 mol (BT E AD 3)
Phn 2:Khi to ra N2 : ne nhng KL = 10nN2
=> 3nNO = 10nN2 => nN2 = 0,015 mol => V = 0,336 lt (Hoc t l th tch = t l s mol)
Bi 16. Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,01 mol
NO vo 0,04 mol NO2. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch.
A.4.69 B.5,69 C.6,69 D.7,79
AD7: m mui = m hn hp Kl + n e nhn . 62= 1,35 + (3nNO + nNO2).62=1,35 + (3.0,01 + 0,04).62 = 5,69g
Bi 18. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B c ho tr khng i l m v n. Chia 0,8g hn hp X thnh 2 phn
bng nhau:
Phn 1: Tan hon ton trong H2SO4, gii phng c 224ml H2 (ktc).
Phn 2: B oxy ho hon ton to ra m gam hn hp 2 oxit.
1/ Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c phn 1 l:
A. 1,76g B. 1,36g C. 0,88g D. 1,28g
Chia thnh 2 phn = nhau => m hn hp Kl mi phn = 0,8/2 = 0,4 g
AD2: m mui sunfat = m hn hp KL + nH2(hoc H2SO4).96 = 0,4 + 0,01.96 = 1,36 g
2/ Khi lng m gam hn hp oxit phn 2 l:
A0,56g B. 0,72g C. 7,2g D. 0,96g .
Nh bi 4 : 2nH2 = 4nO2 => mOxit = mKl + mO2 (BT khi lng)
Bi 19. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi hot ng X1, X2 c ho tr khng i. Chia 4,04g X thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
Phn 1: Tan hon ton trong dung dch long cha 2 axit HCl v H2SO4 to ra 1,12 lt H2 (ktc).
Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 v ch to ra kh NO duy nht.
1/ Th tch kh NO (lt) thot ra ktc l:
A. 0,747 B. 1,746 C. 0,323 D. 1,494
Phn 1 : n e nhng = ne nhn = 2nH2 = 2.0,05 = 0,1 mol
Phn 2: n e nhng = ne nhn = 3nNO
=> 2nH2 = 3nNO=> nNO = 0,1/3 => V = 2,24/3 = 0,747 lt
2/ Khi lng m (gam) mui nitrat to ra phn 2 l:
A. 2,18 B. 4,22 C. 4,11 D. 3,11 E. 8,22
AD7: m mui = m hn hp KL + n e nhn .62 = 4,04/2 + 0,1.62 = 8,22 g
Bi 20. Ho tan hon ton 19,2 gam kim loi X trong dung dch HNO3 du thu c 8,96 lt (dktc) hn hp kh
gm NO2 v NO c t l th tch 3:1. Xc nh kim loi M ?
A. Cu B. Fe C. Al D. Zn
nNO2 t l nNO l 3:1 => nNO2 = 3x mol => nNO = x mol (Mo t l a : b => gi mol cht 1 = ax ; mol
cht 2 = bx )
nNO2 +nNO = 3x + x = 0,4 mol => x = 0,1 mol => nNO2 = 0,3 mol , nNO = 0,1 mol
Gi a l ha tr ca X => a.nX = nNO2 + 3nNO = 0,3 + 3.0,1 = 0,6 mol (BT e AD6)
nM = 0,6/a => M X = 19,2 a/0,6 = 32 a vi a = 2 => MX = 64 => X : Cu
Mo : Thy s 19,2 chia ht cho 64 (Cu) => Cu
Bi 21. Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam Fe vo HNO3 du, thu dc dung dch A v 6,72 lt hn hp kh B gm NO
v mt kh X, vi t l th tch l 1:1. Xc nh kh X ?
A. NO B. NO2 C. NH3 D. N2O
V t l 1 :1=> nNO = nX = 0,3/2= 0,15 mol , mol Gi a l s e nhn ca X => 3nFe = 3nNO + anX (AD6)
0,6 = 3.0,15 + a .0,15 a = 1 => NO2 (nhn 1 e)
Nguoithay.vn
- 4 -
Bi 22. m gam bt st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thu uc11,8 gam hn hp cc cht rn FeO, Fe3O4 ,
Fe2O3 , Fe. Ha tan hon ton hn hp bng dung dch HNO3 long thu uc 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht
(ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,02 gam B. 9.94 gam C. 15,12 gam D. 20,16 gam
AD9: mFe = 0,7.moxit + 5,6 . ne nhn = 0,7.11,8 + 5,6.3.0,1 = 9,94 g
Bi 23. Cho mt lung kh CO qua m gam bt Fe2O3 nung nng, thu uc 14 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht rn.
Cho hn hp X tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 thu uc 2,24 lit kh NO (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
Cch 1 : c C(+2) 2e => C+4 , N
+5
+3e => N
+2

2nCO = 3nNO nCO = 0,15 mol = nCO2
AD 17 : mFe2O3 = mX + nCO2 . 16 = 14 + 0,15.16 = 16,4
Cch 2 : AD CT 9 : => mFe (trong hh X) = 0,7.mOxit + 5,6.3nNO = 11,48g => nFe = 0,205 mol
BT nguyn t Fe => 2nFe2O3 = nFe => mFe2O3 = 0,205.160/2 = 16,4 g
Bi 24. Cho tan hon ton 58 gam hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dch HNO3 2M thu uc 0,15 mol
NO, 0,05 mol N2 v dung dch D. C cn dung dch D, khi lung mui khan thu uc l
A. 120,4 gam B. 89,8 gam C. 116,9 gam D. kt qu khc
AD7: m mui = m hn hp KL + ne nhn.62 = 58 + (3.0,15 + 10.0,05).62 = 116,9g
Bi 25. Kh Fe2O3 bng CO nhit cao, uc hn hp X gm 4 cht rn. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn mt tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 du, thu uc 0,02 mol NO v 0,03 mol N2O. Phn hai cho tan hon
ton trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng, thu uc V lt (ktc) SO2. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 B. 3,36 C. 4,48 D. 6,72
Khi tc dng vi HNO3 :2nCO= 3nNO + 8nN2O (Bt e AD 3) (Ging bi 23 )
Khi tc dng vi H2SO4 c nng: 2nCO= 2nSO2 (Bt e )
=> 3nNO + 8nN2O = 2nSO2 = 3.0,02 + 8.0,03 => nSO2 = 0,15 mol => V = 3,36 lt
Bi 26. Chia hn hp X gm Al, Al2O3, ZnO thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH du, thu uc 0,3 mol kh.(H2) Phn hai tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 thu uc 0,075 mol kh Y
duy nht. Y l
A. NO2 B. NO C. N2O D. N2
Ch c Al tc dng vi NaOH sinh kh => 3nAl = 2nH2 (BT e)
Khi tc dng vi HNO3 th ch c Al nhng e : => 3nAl = anY (vi a l s e nhn ca Y)
=> 2nH2 = a.nX 2.0,3 = a.0,075 a = 8 => Y nhn 8 e => N2O (C th l NH4NO3 nu bi khng
cho to kh Y)
Bi 33. Cho tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp X dng bt gm S, FeS v FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 thu
uc 0,48 mol NO2 v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 du, lc v nung kt ta
n khi lung khng i, uc m gam hn hp rn. Gi tr ca m l
Cu ny hi kh : Dng phng php quy i hn hp S, FeS,FeS2 v hn hp ch c S v Fe
Th m hn hp = m Fe + mS = 56x + 32y = 3,76 (V hn hp S , FeS ,FeS2 ch c Fe v S)
Fe 3

e => Fe3+ , S - 6

e=> S
+
6 , N+5 +1

e => N + 4
3mol Fe + 6 molS = nNO2 3x + y = 0.48
Gii h ra . x = 0,03 v y = 0,065
(Cht rn l Fe2O3 v BaSO4 v hhX c S => sau p ln S+6 (H2SO4) )
BT nguyn t Fe => 2Fe =>Fe2O3 => n Fe2O3 = nFe/2 = 0,15 mol
BT nguyn t S => nS =nBaSO4 = 0,65 mol => m rn = m Fe2O3 + mBaSO4 = 17.545g
Bi 34. Cho tan hon ton 7,2 gam FexOy trong dung dch HNO3 thu uc 0,1 mol NO2.Cng thc phn t ca
oxit l
A. FeO B. Fe3O4 C. Fe2O3 D. c FeO v Fe3O4 u ng
To ra kh => phi c s nhng e => FeO hoc Fe3O4 u nhng 1 e Fe2O3 loi
=> nFexOy = nNO2 =0,1 mol (BT e) => MFexOy = 7,2/0,1 = 72 => FeO
Bi 35 Cho 5,4 gam kim loi R tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c thu c 1,68 lit H
2
S duy nht (ktc). Xc nh R.
AAl BCu CFe D.Zn
Mo thy 5,4 g chia ht cho 27 (Hoc nu c s 10,8 ) => Chn A
Gi a l s e m R nhng => a.nR = 8nH2S molR = 0,6/a => MR = 5,4a/0,6 = 9 a => R : Al.
Bi 36.Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dd HNO
3
long d thu c dd X v 1,12 lit hn hp kh A gm N
2
O,
NO (ktc) c t khi so vi oxi bng 1,2. Cho dd NaOH d vo dd X un nh thy c 0,336 lit kh (ktc) thot
ra. Tnh m.
Nguoithay.vn
- 5 -
A5,4 g B2,97 g C5,94 g D3,78 g
Gi x , y l s mol N2O v NO => x + y =1,12/22,4 = 0,05 mol
T khi ca hn hp so vi Oxi = 1,2 M A/M O2 = 1,2 MA = 1,2.32 = 38,4
mN2O + mNO = M hn hp(MA) . n hn hp 44x + 30y = 38,4. 0,05
Gii h x = 0,03 , y = 0,02 . Ta thy dung dch X cn tc dng vi NaOH => Ch c NH4NO3 p to ra
kh (NH3) cn Al(NO3)3 p => kt ta (Ging Bi 13)
AD BT e: 3nAl = 8nN2O + 3nNO + 8nNH3 3nAl = 8.0,03 + 3.0,02 + 8.0,015 nAl = 0,14 mol
m Al = 3,87 g
Bi 37: Cho 11,88 gam kim loi M tc dng ht vi HNO
3
un nng gii phng 0,15 mol hn hpA gm N
2
O
v N
2
c dA/H
2
= 18,8. M l ;
AZn BAl C.Cu DFe
Dng mo Ly 11,88 xem chia ht cho M ca ci no . p n B => Chn Al
Thy chia p nht th chn Thy 11,88/27 = 0,44 => B
Gi x, y l s mol ca N2O v N2 x + y = n hn hp = 0,15 mol
DA/H2 = M A/2 = 18,8 M A = 37,6
mN2O + mN2 = M hn hp(M A) . n hn hp 44x + 28y = 37,6.0,15
Gii h : x = 0,09 , y = 0,06
ADBT e: 8nN2O + 10nN2 = a mol M mol M = (8.0,09 + 10.0,06)/a = 1,32/a (mol) (a l s e nhng
KL)
=> MR = 11,88 a/ 1,32 = 9 a => vi a = 3 =>M = 27 => M: Al
Bi 38. Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dd HNO
3
long d thu c b g mui v hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol
N
2
O v 0,01 mol NO (phn ng khng to mui amoni). Tnh m , b
A8,1 g B1,35 g C13,5 g D0,81 g
Tnh m: 3nAl = (8nN2O + 3nNO) nAl = 0,05 mol => m = 1,35 g
Tnh b:AD7: m mui = m KL(Hn hp KL phn ng) + n e nhn (hoc nhng).62.
m = 1,35 + 3.0,05 . 62 = 10,65 g
Bi 39: Cho 10,8 gam mt kim loi tc dng hon ton vi kh Clo thu c 53,4 gam mui Clorua. Xc nh
kim loi.
AMg BFe CAl D.Cu
M + Cl2 => MClx => ADBT KL : mCl2 = mMClx mM = 53,4 10,8=42,6 g => nCl2 = 0,6 mol
p dng BT e: anM = 2nCl2 nM = 1,2/a(mol) => M M = 10,8 a/1,2 = 9 a vi a = 3=> Al
Bi 40: Hn hp A gm bt Fe v Al. tc dng va vi 11 gam A cn 12,8 gam bt S. Thnh phn % s
mol ca Fe trong A. BT e: 2nFe + 3nAl =2nS
A.50% B.37,33% C.33,33% D.66,67%
Bi 41: Cho 1,92 gam Cu tan va trong HNO3 long thu c V lit NO (ktc). Tnh V v khi lng HNO3
phn ng. AD 6 v 8
A.0,112 lit; 10,42 g B.0,224 lit; 5,04 g C.0,448 lit; 5,04 g D.1,12lit; 2,92 g
Bi 42:Ho tan hon ton 13 gam kim loi M trong dd NaOH d thy thot ra 4,48 lit kh (ktc). Xc nh M.
A.Al B.K C.Zn D.Na
AD 18: a.nM = 2nH2 Hoc mo thy 13 chia ht cho 65 l M ca Zn => C
Bi 43:Cho 5,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Al v Mg tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 5,6 lit H2 ktc. Thnh
phn % theo khi lng ca Al trong hn hp : AD 18: 3nAl + 2nMg = 2nH2 (CT 18 )
A.50% B.52,94% C.32,94% D.60%
Bi 44: Cho 5,4 gam kim loi R tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c thu c 1,68 lit H2S duy nht (ktc). Xc nh R.
A.Al B.Cu C.Fe D..Mg AD3:
Bi 45: Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dd HNO3 long d thu c dd X v 1,12 lit hn hp kh gm N2O,
NO (ktc) c t khi so vi oxi bng 1,2. Cho dd NaOH d vo dd X un nh thy c 0,336 lit kh (ktc) thot
ra. Tnh m.
A.5,4 g B.2,97 g C.5,94 g D.3,78 g
M hn hp = 1,2 .32 = 38,4 => m hn hp = 38,4.0,5 = 19,2
Bi 46: Cho 11,88 gam kim loi M tc dng ht vi HNO3 un nng gii phng 0,15 mol hn hp Y N2O v
N2 c d/H2 = 18,8. M l ; M hn hpY = 18,8.2 = 37,6 => m hn hpY = 37,6.0,15 = 5,64
A.Zn B.Al C.Mg D.Fe
Bi 47: Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dd HNO3 long d thu c hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01
mol NO (phn ng khng to mui amoni). Tnh m. (AD 6 v 7)
A.8,1 g B.1,35 g C.13,5 g D.0,81 g
Nguoithay.vn
- 6 -
Bi 48: Cho 12,125 gam sunfua kim loi M c ho tr khng i (MS) tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 c nng d
thot ra 11,2 lit SO2 (ktc). Xc inh M. (AD 3 c li gii)
A.Zn B.Cu C.Mn D.Mg
Bi 49: Cho 1,2 gam Mg phn ng hon ton vi V lit Halogenthu c 4,75 gam cht rn. Halogen l : Ging
bi 39:
A.Iot B.Brom C.Flo D.Clo
Bi 50. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp Al v Fe tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c d thu c 6,72 lit kh SO2 ktc. Tnh
khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. (AD 3) 3nAl + 3nFe = 2nSO2
A.1,35 g v 6,95 g B.3,6 g v 4,7 g C.2,7 g v 5,6 g D.5,4 g v
Bi 51: Y l mt Halogen. Cho 16 gam Y tc dng ht vi kim loi kim M thu c 23,8 gam mui. Xc nh
Y, M.
A.Br, K B.Cl, Na C.Cl, K D.Br, Na
Thy 16 chia ht cho 160 (Br2) => Y l Br , Thy mKL = 23,8 -16 = 7,8 chia ht cho 39(K) => A
Bi 52: Cho 13,92 gam Fe3O4 tc dng ht trong dd HNO3 thy thot ra 0,448 lit kh X (ktc). Tnh khi lng
axit tham gia phn ng. nHNO3 = 9nFe3O4 + nN(trong kh X) tng t Bi 4 AD 8
A.25,87 g B. 43,52 g C .35,28 g D. Khng xc nh
Bi 53. Cho 19,2 gam kim loi M tan ht trong dd HNO3 d thu c 4,48 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Xc nh
M. A.Fe B. Mg C.Al D.Cu AD 6
Bi 54: Ho tan 11,6 gam mui RCO3 bng HNO3 c nng d thu c m gam mui v 4,48 lit hn hp kh
NO2, CO2 (ktc)T l 1:1. Tnh m.
A.16,8 g B.20,4 g C.12,6 g D.24,2 g
nCO2 = nNO2 = 0,1 mol . BT nguyn t C => nRCO3 = nCO2 = 0,1 mol => MRCO3 = 116 => R l Fe
=> Mui Fe(NO3)3 = nFeCO3 = 0,1 => m = 24,2 g
Bi 55: Cho V lit hn hp kh A (ktc) gm Clo v Oxi phn ng va ht vi hn hp gm 4,8 gam Mg v 8,1
gam Al to thnh 37,05 gam hn hp cc sn phm. Tnh V.
A.8,4 lit B.5,6 lit C.10,08 lit D.11,2 lit
BTKL : mCl2 + mO2 = 37,05 4,8 8,1 = 24,15 g
BT e : 2nCl + 2nO2 = 2nMg + 3nAl Gii h => C
Bi 56: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M (ho tr khng i) trong dd HCl d thu
c 1,008 lit kh (ktc) v 4,575 gam hn hp 2 mui. Mt khc, nu ho tan ht m gam A trong dd hn hp
gm HNO3, H2SO4 c d thy thot ra 0,084 mol hn hp kh NO2, SO2 c t khi so vi hiro l 25,25.
Xc nh kim loi M.
A.Mg B.Cr C.Al D.Cu
AD1 : Tm m Hn hp , AD 18 : 2nFe + a.nM = 2nH2 . ADBTe : 3nFe + a.nM = nNO2 + 2nSO2
Bi 57: Dung dch X cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng Mol. Thm mt lng hn hp gm 0,03
mol nhm v 0,05 mol st vo 100ml dd X ng thi khuy k, khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y gm
3 kim loi. Cho Y vo dd HCl d thy gii phng ra 0,07 gam kh. Nng Mol ca 2 mui ban u l:
A.0,03M B.0,4M C.0,42M D.0,45M
AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng Mol => nAgNO3 = nCu(NO3)2
cht rn Y gm 3 kimloi.=>Ag ,Cu , Fe(Alp ht theo dy Hot ng KL, Al ng trc Fe)
Cho Y vo dd HCl d thy gii phng ra 0,07 gam kh => Fe p vi HCl(v Fe ng trc H trong dy
hot ng Kl) => AD 18: 2nFe(d) = 2nH2 nFe = 0,07/2 = 0,035 mol
nFe (P vi dd X) = 0,05 0,035 = 0,015 mol
ADBT e : 3nAl + 2nFe = nAg(NO3) + 2nCu(NO3)2 ( Fe ch ln +2 v Fe d )
Cu
2+
(Cu(NO3)2

+ 2e => Cu , Ag
+1
(AgNO3) + 1e => Ag ) Gii PT tm nAgNO3 = nCu(NO3)3 => CM
Bi 58: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe c t l mol 1:1 vo 100ml dd Y gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 n
khi phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A vo dd HCl d thy c 1,12 lit kh thot ra (ktc) v cn
li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng Mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong Y ln lt l:
A.0,2M v 0,3M B.0,2M v 0,1M C.1M v 2M D.2M v 1M
Cch lm ging bi trn: 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe c t l mol 1:1 => nAl , nFe
A vo dd HCl d thy c 1,12 lit kh => nFe(d) => nFe(p vi dd Y)
cn li 28 gam cht rn khng ta l mAg + mCu = 28 g (nCu(NO3)2 = nCu , nAg(NO3) = nAg)
BT e ra 1 PT na ri gii h vi => n tng cht trong Y => CM
Bi 59: Cho 2,4 gam Mg v 3,25 gam Zn tc dng vi 500 ml dd A cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 n phn ng
hon ton thu c dd B v 26,34 gam hn hp C gm 3 kim loi. Cho C vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 0,448 lit
kh (ktc). Tnh nng Mol cc cht trong dd A.
A.0,2M v 0,06M B.0,22M v 0,02M C.2M v 0,6M D. 0,44M v 0,04M
Nguoithay.vn
- 7 -
C vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 0,448 lit kh => nZn d (Theodyhoat ngth Mg s p ht ri n Zn)
=> nZn(tham gia p vi ddA) =>c nMg v nZn => BT e : 2nMg + 2nZn = 2nCu(NO3)2 + nAg(NO3) ...
26,34 gam hn hp C gm 3 kim loi Chc chn c Cu , Ag ,Zn (d)
Tm c n Zn d => mCu + mAg = 26,34 mZn d . Gii h tm c n
Bi 60: Cho 15 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo dd Y gm HNO3, H2SO4 c (d) thu c 0,1 mol mi
kh SO2, NO, NO2, N2O. Tnh % khi lng Al trong X. Gii h vi x l mol Mg; y l mol Al
A.50% B.63% C.36% D.46%
Bi 61: Cho 11,2 lit hn hp A gm Clo v Oxi phn ng va vi 16,98 gam hn hp B gm Mg v Al to
ra 42,34 gam hn hp sn phm. Thnh phn khi lng ca Mg, Al trong hn hp B :
A.75% v 25% B.77,74% v 22,26% C.48% v 52% D.43,12% v 56,88%
ADBT KL Tm m Cl2 + mOxi Bt nCl2 + nO2 = 0,5 mol => n Cl2 , nOxi
BT e : 2nCl2 + 4nO2 = 2nMg + 3nAl bt mMg + mAl = 16,98 => Gii h tm c nMg , nAl
Bi 62: Ho tan hon ton 14,8 gam hn hp Fe, Cu vo lng d dd hn hp gm HNO3 v H2SO4 c thu
c 12,32 lit hn hp NO2, SO2 (ktc) c khi lng 27,1 gam. Khi lng Fe trong hn hp l :
A.8,4 g B.18,2 g C.18 g D.5,6 g
Bi 63: Cho 2,673 gam hn hp Mg, Zn tc dng va vi 500ml dd cha AgNO3 0,02M v Cu(NO3)2
0,1M. Thnh phn % khi lng Mg trong hn hp l :
A.19,75% B.1,98% C.80,2% D.98,02%
Bi 64: Ho tan ht hn hp gm 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Ag vo dd HNO3 thot ra V lit hn hp kh A (ktc)
gm NO v NO2 c t l mol tng ng l 2:3. Gi tr ca V.
Bi 65: Ho tan ht 22,064 gam hn hp Al, Zn trong HNO3 va thu c dd A v 3,136 lit (ktc) hn hp
NO, N2O c khi lng 5,18 gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.
A.5,14% v 94,86% B. 6,28% v 93,72% C.6,18% v 93,82% D. 5,81% v 94,19%
Bi 66: Ho tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (c t l mol 1:1) bng dd HNO3 d thu c dd X v V lit
hn hp kh Y(ktc) gm NO, NO2 c d/H2 = 19. Tnh V.
Bi 67: Ho tan ht 35,4 gam hn hp Ag v Cu trong dd HNO3 long thu c 5,6 lit kh duy nht khng mu
ho nu trong khng kh. Khi lng Ag trong hn hp l:
A.16,2 g B.19,2 g C.32,4 g D.35,4 g
Bi 68: X l hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 theo t l mol 1:2:3:4. Ho tan ht 76,8 gam X bng dd
HNO3 d thu c 4,48 lit (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO2. Tnh t khi ca Y so vi oxi v s mol
HNO3 phn ng. CH c FeO , Fe, Fe3O4 c s nhng e cn Fe2O3 khng nhng e
A. 2,1475 v 3,2 mol B. 1,1875 v 3,2 mol C. 1,1875 v 3,35 mol D. 1,3815 v 0,9 mol
Cch 1: T 76,8 tnh c nFe = 0,05 mol => n oxit ,
=> BT e : 3nFe + nFeO + nFe3O4 = 3nNO + nNO2
V nNO + nNO2 = 0,2 mol => Gii h => n mi kh => m hn hp => M hn hp = m / n hn hp
Tnh n HNO3 : Da vo cch tnh nHNO3 = nNO3- + nNO + nNO2 (AD8)
Dng cch tnh nFe (trong hn hp X) = nFe(NO3)3 = nFe + nFeO + 3nFe3O4 + 2nFe2O3 (BT NT Fe)
(Nh cho a mol AxBy ) => nNO3 - = 3nFe(NO3)3 bt nNO v nNO2 => nHNO3

Cch 2: AD 9: m Fe = 0,7.moxit +5,6.(3nNO + nNO2) = 56 (g) khi cc cu tnh c nNO v NO2 ri
thay vo => nFe = nFe(NO3)3 =1 mol => nNO3- = 3mol
Bi 69: Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 thy to ra 1,008
lit NO2 v 0,112 lit NO (cc kh ktc)Tnh s mol mi cht; FeO v Fe3O4 u nhng 1e
A.0,03 mol B.0,04 mol C.0,01 mol D.0,02 mol
Bi 70: Ho tan ht 11 gam hn hp Fe, Al (c t l mol 1:2) vo dd HNO3 d thy sinh ra V lit hn hp kh A
(ktc) gm NO, NO2 (c t l mol 2:1). Tnh V.
Bi 71 : Cho 10,4 gam hn hp Fe v C trong Fe chim 53,85% khi lng phn ng vi HNO3 c nng
d to NO2 l sn phm kh duy nht. Tnh th tch kh to thnh sau phn ng (ktc).
NO2 l sn phm kh duy nht => To ra mui Cacbonat => C - 4

e => C+4
Fe chim 53,85% khi lng => Tm uc m Fe v m C => BT e : 3nFe + 4nC = nNO2
Bi 72 :Cho a gam hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng va
l 250ml dung dch HNO3, khi un nng nh c dung dch B v 3,136 lit hn hp kh C( ktc) gm NO2 v
NO c t khi so vi H2 bng 20,143
Nguoithay.vn
- 8 -
a/ a nhn gi tr l:
A. 46,08g B. 23,04g C. 52,7g D. 93g
b/ Nng mol/l HNO3 dng l:
A. 1,28 B. 4,16 C. 6,2 D. 7,28
Bi 73: Nung m gam st trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm
Fe,FeO,Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ha tan hon ton A trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lit hn hp kh
NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi He(M=4) l 10,167. Gi tr m l: AD9
A. 72g B. 69,54g C. 78,4 D.A khc
Bi 74:Cho tan hon ton 58g hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dch HNO3 2M thu c 0,15 mol NO,
0,05mol N2 v dung dch D. C cn dung dch D, khi lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 120,4g B. 89,8g C. 116,9g D. 90,3g
Bi 75: Ha tan ht 16,3 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al v Fe trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c
0,55 mol SO2. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c l:
AD4: A. 51,8g B. 55,2g C. 69,1g D. 82,9g
Bi 76: Cho 18,4 g hn hp kim loi A,B tan ht trong dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 c v H2SO4 c, nng
thy thot ra 0,2 mol NO v 0,3mol SO2. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng cht rn thu c l: AD4
v AD7
A. 42,2g B. 63,3g C. 79,6g D. 84,4g
Bi 77: Cho m gam Fe tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch HNO3 x(M) thu c 2,24 lit kh NO( ktc) Tnh
gi tr x? 4M
Bi 78:: Ha tan hon ton 8g hn hp kim loi bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c hn hp sn phm kh gm
0,1mol NO v 0,2 mol NO2. Khi lng mui c trong dung dch (khng c mui amoni) sau pahn3 ng l:
A. 39g B. 32,8g C. 23,5g D. Khng xc nh
Bi 79: Ha tan hon ton 5,1g hn hp Al v Mg bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,12 lit( ktc) kh N2(
sn phm kh duy nht). Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch sau phn ng? (AD7)
A. 36,6g B. 36,1g C. 31,6g D. Kt qu khc
Bi 80: Ha tan 1,68 g kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 3,5M ly d 10% thu c sn phm kh gm 0,03
mol NO2 v 0,02 mol NO. Th tch dung dch HNO3 dng l: (AD8)
A. 40ml B. 44ml C. 400ml D. 440ml
Bi 81: Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Mg v Al phn ng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit HNO3 4M v H2SO4
7M thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO v N2O( khng c sn phm kh khc). Thnh phn % theo khi lng
ca Al trong hn hp ban u l: (AD6 v 3)
A. 62,79% B. 52,33% C. 41,86% D. 83,72%
Bi 82: a gam bt st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian to thnh hn hp A c khi lng 75,2 gam gm Fe,
FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c 6,72 lt kh SO2
(ktc). Khi lng a l: (AD9)
A. 56 gam B. 1,12 gam C. 22,4 gam D. 25,3 gam
Bi 83:Cho 18,98g hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng va vi 2l ddHNO3 c 1,792l kh X (ktc) gm
N2 v NO2 c t khi so vi He l 9,25. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l bao nhiu v nng mol/l ca
HNO3 trong dung dch u? (AD 7 v 8)
A. 53,7g v 0,28M B. 46,26g v 0,28M C. 46,26g v 0,06M D. 53,7g v 0,06M
Bi 84:Ho tan 6,08(g) hn hp bt kim loi Fe v Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 1,792(l) kh
NO duy nht (ktc) . Thnh phn % mi kim loi trong hn hp l: (AD6)
A. 36,8 % v 63,2 % B. 38,6% v 61,4% C. 37,8% v 62,2% D. 35,5% v 64,5%
Bi 85:Cho m gam nhm tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d, sau phn ng thu c 1,344 lt kh N2 duy
nht iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca m l : (AD 6)
A. 16,2. B. 1,62. C. 5,4. D. 8,1.
Bi 86:Ha tan hon ton 44 gam hn hp gm Al v Fe bng dung dch HNO3 long, d th thu c 26,88 lt
kh NO duy nht iu kin tiu chun. Khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l: (AD6)
A. 21,6 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 16,2 gam. D. 27,0 gam.
Bi 87:(Trch : TSH C 2007 khi A): Ha tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu
c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V (ml) dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l .
nFeSO4 = nFe , nFeSO4 = 5nKMnO4 (Ch c FeSO4 p) (BT e )
A.20 ml B.80 ml C. 40 ml D. 60 ml

Nguoithay.vn
- 9 -

GII TON BNG PHNG PHP BO TON KHI LNG
V PHNG PHP BO TON NGUYN T

L thuyt :
Gi mT l tng khi lng trc phn ng . mS l tng khi lng sau phn ng
th

mT=mS
m mui = m cation(mKL) + m anion (m PK)
p dng CT Trong phn Gii nhanh
nO (trong oxit )= nCO2 = nCO = nH2O=nH2
mR = mOxit mOxi(trong oxit)

L BT NT : Tng s mol nguyn t ca m nguyn t
X bt k trc v sau p l lun bng nhau

LBT NT: VD: Hn hp A gm FeO a mol, Fe2O3 b mol phn ng vi CO t0 cao thu c hn hp B
gm: Fe cmol, FeO d mol, Fe2O3 e mol, Fe3O4 f mol. Mi quan h gia a,b,c,d
LBT Nguyn t Fe => nFe trc p = nFe sau p
nFe(trong FeO) + nFe(Fe2O3) = nFe(trong Fe) + nFeO(trong FeO) + nFe(trong Fe2O3) + nFe(trong Fe3O4)
a + 2b = c + d + 2d +3f

VD2: Cho 1mol CO2 phn ng 1,2mol NaOH thu mg mui. Tnh m?
.
2
-
CO
OH
n
n
= 1,2 sn phm to 2 mui
Gi CT 2 mui NaHCO3 amol BT nguyn t Cacbon: a+b = 1 a= 0,08mol
Na2CO3 bmol BT nguyn t Natri: a+2b = 1,2 b = 0,02mol
C th hiu n gii LBT nguyn t l S mol ca trc p = nSau p
VD3: (LBT NT S chuyn ha)
VD: Cho hn hp A gm cc cht rn Fe,FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl , dung
dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d , lc kt ta , nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c m gam cht rn .Tnh m
Ta thy , cht cui cng l Fe2O3 , Cht ban u l Fe,FeO,Fe2O3,F3O4
=> LBTNT : nFe + nFeO + 2nFe2O3 + 3nFe3O4 = 2nFe2O3(cht cui cng)
vy nu tnh c tng s mol Fe c trong A th s tnh c s mol ca Fe2O3

-Cho hn hp Fe,Zn,Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, cho t t dung dch NaOHvo dung dch thu c n
kt ta ln nht , lc kt ta , nugn trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn , tnh m
Ban u l Fe,Zn,Mg cui cng l Fe2O3 , ZnO,Mg
Ta thy , nu bit c s mol cc kim loi ban u , ta lp c s hp thc gia cht u v cui
2Fe=>Fe2O3 , Mg => MgO , Cu => CuO (Cn bng KL)
LBT NT => nFe = 2nFe2O3 , nMg = nMgO , nCu=nCuO => m Rn = mFe2O3 + mMgO + mCuO
= nFe.160/2 + nMg.40 + nCu.80 => Bit n Kl => m Rn

Bi tp p dng
Nguoithay.vn
- 10 -

Bi 1. Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etylenglicol (C2H4(OH)2) v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy hon ton hn hp A
cn 21,28 lt O2 (ktc) v thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Tnh khi lng phn t X (l M) (bit X
ch cha C, H, O).
A. 72 B. 82 C. 92 D. 102
m hn hp + m Oxi = m CO2 + mH2O
=> m hn hp = 35,2 + 19,8 0,95.32 = 24,6 g = m C2H4(OH)2 + m X
=> 24,6 = 0,1.62 +0,2 .Mx= > Mx = 92
Bi 2. Ha tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat kim loi ha tr II v ha tr III bng dung dch
HCl d ta thu c dung dch A v 0,896 lt kh bay ra (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch A cho
kt qu l:
A. 3,34 (gam) B. 6,26 (gam) C. 3,78 (gam) D. Kt qu khc
AD11:m mui clorua = m mui cacbonat + nCO2.11 = 3,34 + nCO2.11 = 3,78g
Bi 3. Kh m gam hn hp A gm cc oxit CuO, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao, ngi ta
thu c 40 gam hn hp cht rn X v 13,2 gam kh CO2. Tm gi tr ca m.
A. 44,8 (gam). B. 53,2 (gam). C. 48,4 (gam). D. 38,4 (gam).
AD17. m( rn trc) = mhhX (m rn sau) + nCO2 . 16 = 40 + 13,2.11/44 = 44,8 g
Bi 4:Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,2 mol Fev 0,1 mol Fe2O3vo dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch
A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta .Lc kt ta , ra sch , sy kh v nung n khi
lng khng i c m gam cht rn .Tnh m
A.16g B.32g C.48g D.56g
BTNguyn t Fe : nFe + 2nFe2O3 = 2nFe2O3(rn) nFe2O3(rn) = 0,2 mol => m = 32g
Bi 5. Thy phn hon ton 14,8 gam hn hp 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau cn va 200 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M, thu c m gam hn hp 2 mui v 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ru. Tm m.
A. 14,8 (gam). B. 21,8 (gam). C. 15 (gam). D. 18,7 (gam)
Phn ng : 2este + NaOH=> axit + ru
p dng LBTKL : m2este + mNaOH = m axit + mruou => 14,8 + 0,2.40 = m + 7,8 m = 15g
Bi 6. Cho 24,4 gam hn hp Na2CO3 , K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2 . Sau phn ng thu uc
39,4 gam kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu uc m gam mui clorua. m c gi tr l: (MBa = 137,
MBaCO3 = 197)
nBaCO3=nBaCl2 ( v cng nguyn t Ba khi cn bng th u = nhau) = 39,4/19,7 =0,2 mol
p Dung BTKL: m hn hp + m BaCl2 = m mui + m kt ta (1)
24,4 + 0,2.208 = m + 39,4 => m = 26,6g
T Na2CO3 v K2CO3 => 2NaCL + 2KCL => m tng = 2.CL- - CO3(2-) = 11 g
=> mMuoi Cloru = m mui cacbonat + nCO2 (Hoc BaCO3) .11
( Cng thc ny tng t CT th 11 Ch thay HCl = BaCL2 v kh CO2 = Kt ta)
Bi 7:Cho 11,2 gam Fev 2,4 gam Mgtc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d . Sau phn ng thu c dung
dch A v V lt kh H2(ktc).Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B . Lc kt ta B nung
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn . Tnh m
A.10g B.20g C.30g D.40g
AD LBT NT: nFe = 2nFe2O3 => nFe2O3 = 0,2/2 = 0,1 mol . nMg = nMgO = 0,1 mol
=> m Rn = mFe2O3 + mMgO = 0,1.160 + 0,1.40 = 20g
Bi 8. Ha tan 10,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lung va dung dch HCl thu uc 7,84 lt kh A
(ktc) v 1,54 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. C cn dung dch C thu uc m gam mui, m c gi tr l :
A. 33,45 B. 33,25 C. 32,99 D. 35,58
AD1 : m mui clorua = mhh KL(P) + nH2.71 =10,14 -1,54 + 7,84.71/22,4 = 33,45 g
Bi 9. Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl du thy to ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc).
C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu uc gam mui khan. Khi lung mui khan thu uc l : AD1
Bi 10. Trn 5,4 gam Al vi 6,0 gam Fe2O3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn ng ta
thu uc m gam hn hp cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
Phn ng nhit nhm to ra nhm oxit . Al + Fe2O3 => Al2O3 + Fe
p dng LBTKL m trc = m sau = mAl + mFe2O3 = 5,4 + 6 = 11,4 g
Bi 11. Cho 0,52 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long, du thy c
0,336 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lung hn hp mui sunfat khan thu uc l
Nguoithay.vn
- 11 -
A. 2 gam B. 2,4 gam C. 3,92 gam D. 1,96 gam
AD2 : m mui sunfat = mhhKL + nH2. 96 = 0,52 + 0,015.96 = 1,96 g
Bi 12. Cho 2,81 gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dung dch H2SO4
0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lung hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l:
AD 15. m mui = m oxit + nH2(hoc nH2SO4).80 = 2,81 + 0,03.80 = 5,21g
Bi13. Thi mt lung kh CO du qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe2O3 , FeO, Al2O3 nung nng
thu uc 2,5 gam cht rn. Ton b kh thot ra sc vo nuc vi trong du thy c 15 gam kt ta trng. Khi
lung ca hn hp oxit kim loi ban u l :
A. 7,4 gam B. 4,9 gam C. 9,8 gam D. 23 gam
AD17:m rn trc (CuO , Fe2O3...)=m rn sau + nCO2(Hoc H2,CO,CaCO3, O
2-
).16=2,5 + 0,15.16 =4.9
Bi 14. Chia 1,24 gam hn hp hai kim loi c ha tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1: b oxi ha hon ton thu uc 0,78 gam hn hp oxit.
- Phn 2: tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu uc V lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch thu uc m
gam mui khan.
1. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt B. 0,112 lt C. 5,6 lt D. 0,224 lt
Chia 2 phn = nhau => mi phn = 1,24/2 = 0,62g
AD17.: m rn = moxit m oxi(trong oxit) => moxi = 0,78 0,62 = 0,16 g
AD(14-1) : nOxi(trong oxit) = 0,01 mol = nH2SO4 = nH2 => VH2 = 0,224 lit
2. Gi tr ca m l AD2
Bi 15: Hn hp Al,Fe c khi lng 11 gam tc dng vi HCl d thu c dung dch A v 8,96 lt H2(ktc) .
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOHd c kt ta B , lc kt ta B nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i c a gam cht rn .
A.17,2g B.18,2g C.19,2g D.20,2g
AD18:=> 3nAl + 2nFe = 2nH2 gii h tm c nAl,nFe dng L BTNT nAl = 2nAl2O3 , nFe = 2nFe2O3
Bi 16. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit HCl du thy c 11,2 lt kh thot ra
(ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lung mui khan thu uc l : AD1
A: 35,5 gam. B. 45,5 gam. C. 55,5 gam. D. 65,5 gam
Bi 17. Sc ht mt lung kh clo vo dung dch hn hp NaBr v NaI, un nng thu uc 2,34 g NaCl. S mol
hn hp NaBr v NaI phn ng l:
A. 0,1 mol B. 0,15 mol C. 0,02 mol D. 0,04 mol
nNaBr + nNaI =nNaCl (v bo ton nguyn t Na => nNa trc phn ng = nNa sau phn ng) =
2,34/58,5 = 0,04
Bi 18. Ho tan ht 38,60 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M trong dung dch HCl du thy thot ra 14,56 lt H2
(ktc). Khi lung hn hp mui clorua khan thu uc l AD1
Bi 19. Cho tan hon ton 8,0 gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong 290 ml dung dch HNO3, thu uc kh
NO v dung dch Y. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y, cn 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Kt
ta to thnh em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lung khng i uc 32,03 gam cht rn Z.
A. Khi lung mi cht trong X l
A. 3,6 gam FeS v 4,4 gam FeS2 B. 4,4 gam FeS v 3,6 gam FeS2
C. 2,2 gam FeS v 5,8 gam FeS2 D. 4,6 gam FeS v 3,4 gam FeS2
Cch 1 : Gi x , y ln lt l s mol FeS v FeS2 => 88x + 120y =8 (I)
nFe = x+ y , nS = x + 2y (III)
Khi phn ng vi HNO3 => Sinh mui Fe(NO3)3 v H2SO4 => phn ng Ba(OH)2 => kt ta BaSO4
V Fe(OH)3 Nung th Fe(OH)3 => Fe2O3 => 32,03 g cht rn gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3
Dng BT nguyn tt . 2Fe => Fe2O3 => nFe2O3 = (x+y)/2
S => BaSO4 => nBaSO4 = (x+2y)
=> m cht rn = m Fe2O3 + mBaSO4 = 0,5(x+y).160 + (x+2y)233 = 32,03 (II)
Gii h I v II => x = 0,05 v y = 0,03 => mFeS = 44g, m FeS2 = 3,6g

Cch 2 :Quy i FeS v FeS2 v Fe v S => Gi x,y ln lt l s mol Fe, S trong hn hp
=> 56x + 32x = 8
m rn = mFe2O3 + mBaSO4 = 80x + 233y = 32,03 g gii h => x = 0,08 , y = 0,11
=> nFeS + nFeS2 = 0,08 v nFeS + 2nFeS2 = 0,11 (BT nguyn t Fe v S) => Kt qu
Nguoithay.vn
- 12 -
B. Th tch kh NO (ktc) thu uc l
A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 6,72 lt
Theo cch 1 cu a: Dng Bo ton e : Fe
+2
S
-2
- 9

e=> Fe
+3
+ S
+6
Fe
+
2S
2
-1
- (1 + 2.7)e => Fe
+3
+ S
+6
N+5 + 3e => N+2
=> 9nFeS + 15nFeS2 = 3nNO => n NO = 0,3 => V = 6,72 lt
Theo cch 2 cu a :
mol BT e : Fe 3e => Fe3+ , S 6e => S+6 =>
3nFe + 6nS = 3nNO nNO = (3.0,08 + 6.0,11)/3 => nNO = 0,3 mol => V = 6,72 lt
C. Nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng l
A. 1 M B. 1,5 M C. 2 M D. 0,5 M
Theo cch 2 cu a: => nFe = 0,08 mol = nFe(NO3)3 =nFe3+
lm kt ta ht lng Fe3+ cn 3nOH- = 3.0,08 = 0,24 mol => nBa(OH)2 = 0,24/2 = 0,12 mol
( Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
=> Fe(OH)3)
=> nS = nH2SO4 = nSO4(2-) = 0,11mol => lm kt ta ht 0,11 mol SO4(2-) cn 0,11mol Ba2+ = 0,11
mol Ba(OH)2 (SO4
2-
+ Ba2+ => v BaSO4)
nBa(OH)2 phn ng vi mui v H2SO4 = 0,12 + 0,11 = 0,23 mol < 0,25 mol
nBa(OH)2 d = 0,02 mol trung ha ht 0,04 mol HNO3 d. ( H
+
+ OH - => H2O hay nH
+
= nOH-
nHNO3(pu) = nNO3- + nNO + nHNO3 d = 0,08.3 + 0,3 + 0,04 = 0,58
CM = 2M
Bi 20. Thi 8,96 lt CO (ktc) qua 16 gam FexOy nung nng. Dn ton b lung kh sau phn ng qua dung
dch Ca(OH)2 du, thy to ra 30 gam kt ta. Khi lung st thu uc l AD17
Bi 21. Kh hon ton 32 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 bng kh H2 thy to ra 9 gam H2O. Khi lung hn
hp kim loi thu uc l : AD17
A. 12 gam B. 16 gam C. 24 gam D. 26 gam
Bi 22. Thi mt lung kh CO du i qua ng ng hn hp 2 oxit Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu uc 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra uc ua vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2
du thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lung hn hp 2 oxit kim loi ban u l : AD17
A. 3,12 gam B. 3,21 gam C. 4 gam D. 4,2 gam
Bi 23: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp km v magi tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c 0,6 gam kh
v dung dch X. (AD1)
a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng?
Bi 24: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thy sinh ra V lit kh H2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 86,6 gam mui khan. Tnh V? (AD2)
Bi 25: Cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3 v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M. Khi lng
mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu? (AD 15)
Bi 26: Cho 14,5gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn vo dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c 6,72 lit H2
( ktc). Khi lng(gam) mui sunfat thu c l: (AD2)
A. 43,9g B. 43,3g C. 44,5g D. 34,3g
Bi 27: Ha tan m gam hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M( c ha tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl d th thu
c 1,008 lit kh( ktc) v dung dch cha 4,575g mui khan. Gi tr m l: (AD 1)
A. 1,38 B. 1,83g C. 1,41g D. 2,53g
Bi 28: Cho m gam kim loi kim tan ht trong 100 ml dd H2SO4 1M thu c 17,4 gam mui v 4,48 lit H2
(ktc). Xc nh kim loi v tnh m. AD2 tm m . AD 18 tm n M (M ha tr I)
A.K ; 15,6 g B.Na ; 4,6 g C.K ; 7,8 g D.Na ; 9,2 g
Bi 29: Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nhit cao mt thi gian ngi ta thu c
6,72 g hn hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau A. em ha tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung dch HNO3 d thy
to thnh 0,448 lit kh B duy nhat c t khi so vi H2 bng 15. m nhn gi tr l:
A. 5,56g B. 6,64g C. 7,2g D. 8,8g
B C M = 30 => NO , BT e tm nCO => AD 17.
Bi 30: Cho kh CO qua ng ng a (g) hn hp gm CuO, Fe3O4, FeO, Al2O3 nung nng. Kh thot ra c
cho vo nc vi trong d thy c 30g kt ta trng. Sau phn ng, cht rn trong ng s c khi lng 202g.
Khi lng a (g) ca hn hp cc oxit ban u l:AD17:
A. 200,8g B. 216,8g C. 206,8g D. 103,4g
Nguoithay.vn
- 13 -
Bi 31: Kh ht m (g) Fe3O4 bng kh CO thu c hn hp A gm FeO v Fe. A tan va trong 300ml
dung dch H2SO4 1M to dung dch B. Tnh m v khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi c cn B. nH2SO4 =
nFeSO4 (v Fe ha tr II p t l 1:1) BT Nguyn t Fe : 3nFe3O4 = nFeSO4
A. 23,2g v 45,6g B. 23,2g v 54,6g C. 2,32g v 4,56g D. 69,6g v 45,6g
Bi 32:Kh 39,2g mt hn hp A gm Fe2O3 v FeO bng kh CO thu c hn hp B gm FeO v Fe. B tan
va trong 2,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,2M cho ra 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng Fe2O3 v FeO trong hn
hp A.
A. 32g Fe2O3; 7,2g FeO B. 16g Fe2O3; 23,2g FeO
C. 18g Fe2O3; 21,2g FeO D. 20g Fe2O3; 19,2g FeO
nFe = nH2 => nFeO = nH2SO4 nH2 ADBT nguyn t Fe ca dd A v B n Fe trc = nFe sau
=> nFe(trong Fe2O3) + nFe(FeO) = nFe(trong Fe) + nFe(trong FeO)
2nFe2O3 + nFeO = nFe + nFeO(tm c trn) Bit mFe2O3 + mFeO = 39,2 g gii h.
Bi 33:Ha tan hon ton hn hp A gm 0,1 mol Fe v 0,2 mol Cu vo mt lng va dung dch H2SO4
98% (c , nng) thu c kh SO2 (ktc) v dung dch B.Cho ddB tc dng vi NaOH d, c kt ta C,
nung C n khi lng khng i c hn hp cht rn E. Cho E tc dng vi lng d CO, un nng thu
c hn hp cht rn F. Khi lng ca hn hp cht rn F l:
A. 24g B. 18,4g C. 15,6g D. 16,5g
p dng s chuyn ha 2Fe =>Fe2O3 , Cu =>CuO
=> m Rn = mFe2O3 + mCuO = nFe.160/2 + nCu.80 = 24g
Bi 34: Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra 6,84 gam mui sunfat. Kim
loi l:AD2 Tm c nH2 . AD 18 tm c n KL => M ri bin lun theo ha tr
A. Mg B. Fe C. Cr D. Mn
Bi 35: Thi mt lung CO d qua ng s ng hn hp Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n phn ng hon ton, ta
thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 5 gam kt ta
trng. Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit kim loi ban u l
A. 3,12 gam B. 3,22 gam C. 4 gam D. 4,2 gam
Bi 36. Cho 2,52 g mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl d to ra 9,975 g mui . Kim loi l
A. Mg B. Fe C. Ca D. Al Nh 32
Bi 37. Kh hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 bng kh H2 thy to ra 1,8 gam nc. Khi lng hn
hp kim loi thu c l:
Bi 38: Kh hon ton 5,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 bng kh CO. Kh i ra sau phn ng
c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy to ra 8 gam kt ta. Khi lng Fe thu c l
Bi 39 Kh 16 gam Fe2O3 thu c hn hp A gm Fe, Fe2O3, FeO, Fe3O4. Cho A tc dng ht vi dung
dch H2SO4 c, nng. Khi lng mui sunfat to ra trong dung dch l: LBT NT Fe
BT Nguyn t Fe : 2nFe2O3 = 2nFe2(SO4)3
Bi 40. Cho 200 ml dung dch hn hp CuSO4 1M v Al2(SO4)3 1M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly
kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i c cht rn c khi lng l
A. 8 gam B. 16 gam C. 19,8 gam D. 36,4 gam
AD S chuyn ha CuSO4 => CuO (rn) Al(OH)3 p vi NaOH d => ko c Al2O3 sinh ra
Bi 41: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS
2
v a mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3
(va ), thu c dung
dch X (ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l bao nhiu?
A. 0,12 B. 0,04 C. 0,075 D. 0,06
Cch 1: V CH cha 2 mui sunfat l (Fe2(SO4)3 v CuSO4
LBT NT Fe : nFeS2 = 2nFe2(SO4)3 => nFe2(SO4)3 = 0,06 mol
LBT NT Cu : 2nCu2S = nCuSO4 => nCuSO4 = 2a mol
LBT NT S: 2nFeS2 + nCu2S = 3nFe2(SO4)3 + nCuSO4
2.0,12 + a = 3.0,06 + 2a a = 0,06
Cch 2: Dng BT in tch:
Dung dch A thu c l Fe2(SO4)3 v CuSO4 ( v bi cho)=> DD A c Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, SO4
2-
BTNT Fe: nFe = nFe
3+
=> Fe
3+
= 0,12
BTNT Cu: 2nCu = nCu
2+
=> nCu
2+
= 2a mol
AD BT NT S : 2nFeS2 + nCu2S = nS (sau p) = nSO4
2-
= 2.0,12 + a
AD :n t + = n t - 3nFe
3+
+ 2nCu
2+
= 2nSO4
2-

3.0,12 + 4.a = 2.0,12 + 2a a = 0,06 => nFeS2 = 2nCu2S
Nguoithay.vn
- 14 -
Bi 42: Cho hon ton 13,6 gam hn hp gm Fe,Fe2O3 trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc) v
dung dch D .Cho D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d , lc , nung n kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i c a gam cht rn .Tnh a. S:16g
Bi 43: Cho 7,68 gam hn hp A gm Fe,Fe3O4,Fe2O3 tc dng va ht vi 260ml dung dch HCl1M thu
c dung dch X . Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d , lc kt ta , nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c m gam cht rn .Tnh m
A.8g B.12g C.16g D.24g
AD(14-1) Tnh nOxi(trong hhA) => mFe(trong hhA) =7,68 nHCL.16/2 = 5,6
=>AD LBT NT : nFe = 2nFe2O3
Bi 44. Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long thy sinh ra V lit kh H
2

(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 85,8 gam mui khan. Gi tr V l: (AD1)
A.13,44 lt B.17,92 lt C.22,4 lt D.26,88 lt
Bi 45. Cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M. Khi lng
mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu? (AD 16)
A.5.95 g B.6,95 g C.7,95g D.8,95 g
Bi 46.Ha tan 5 gam hh(Mg v Fe) vo dd HCl d thu c 1 gam kh H2.C cn dd thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan ?(AD1)
A.30,5 g B.40,5 g C.50,5 g D.60,5 g
Bi 47: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp Zn v Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c 0,6 gam kh v
dung dch X. (AD1)
a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A.37g B.38g C.39g D.40g
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng?
A.4M B.5M C.6M D.7M
Bi 48: Hn hp cht rn A gm 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol Fe3O4.Ha tan hon ton A bng dd HCL d, thu
c dd B.Cho NaOH d vo B, Thu c kt ta C. Lc ny kt ta , ra sch ri em nung trong khng kh
n khi lng khng i thu c m g cht rn D. Gi tr m l
A.20g B.30g C.40g D.50g
BTNT cho Fe: 2nFe2O3 + 3nFe3O4 = 2nFe2O3(Rn) 2.0,1 + 3.0,1 = 2nFe2O3 => nFe2O3 = 0,25
=> m = 0,25.160 = 40g
Bi 50:C 1 loi oxit st dng luyn gang. Nu kh oxit St ny bng CO nhit cao ngi ta thu c
0,84 g st v 0,448 lt CO2(ktc).Cng thc ha hc ca oxit st l :
A.Fe2O3 B.Fe3O4 C.FeO D.Khng xc nh c
Phng php gii bi tp v Tm CT oxit st(FexOy): Tnh c nFe v nOxi(trong oxit) (AD 17)
Sau lp t l : nFe/nO = x/y
nFe = 0,84/56 = 0,015 mol , AD 17: nOxi(trong oxit) = nCO2 = 0,02 mol
nFe/nOxi = x/y = 3/4 => Fe3O4
Bi 51: ha tan hon ton 10,8g oxit st cn va 300ml HCl 1M.Oxit st l :
A.FeO B.Fe2O3 C.Fe3O4 D.Khng xc nh
Cch 1: AD(14-1): nOxi(trong oxit) = nHCl/2 = 0,15 mol : AD17 => mFe(trong oxit) = mOxit mOxi
= 10,8 0,15.16 = 8,4g => nFe = 0,15 mol => nFe/nOxi = x/y = 1=> FeO
Cch 2: Gi Oxit st c CT : FexOy (amol) => nOxi(trong FexOy) = y.a = nHCl /2 = 0,15 mol
=> a = 0,15/y => mFexOy = 10,8 /(0,15/y) = 72y => y = 1 => FeO
Bi 52:Cho ming Fe nng m g vo dung dch HNO3,sau p thy c 0,3 mol NO2(ktc) v thot ra cn li 2,4 g
cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A.8g B.5,6g C.10,8g D.8,4g
P : Fe + 6HNO3 => Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O => nFe = nFe(NO3)3 = nNO2/3 = 0,1 mol
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 => 2Fe(NO3)2 => nFe = nFe(NO3)3/2 = 0,05 mol
nFe p = 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,15 mol => mFe = 0,15.56 + 2,4 = 10,8g
Hoc BT e : Fe 2e => Fe
2+
(Fe(NO3)2 => 2nFe = 3nNO => nFe = 0,15 => m = 10,8
Bi 53:Cho hn hp A gm Al, Zn, Mg. em oxi ho hon ton 28,6 gam A bng oxi d thu c 44,6 gam
hn hp oxit B. Ho tan ht B trong dung dch HCl thu c dung dch D. C cn dung dch D c hn hp
mui khan l : AD17 v 14-1 v 16
Bi 54: Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v FexOy bng H2 d nhit cao thu c 17,6 gam hn hp
2 kim loi. Khi lng H2O to thnh l. AD 17
Nguoithay.vn
- 15 -
Bi 55. Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X gm
Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan hon ton X bng H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch
Y, lng mui khan thu c l: Tng t nh cu 39.
A. 20 gam. B. 32 gam. C. 40 gam. D. 48 gam.
Bi 56. Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu
c l AD17. A. 5,6 gam. B. 6,72 gam. C. 16,0 gam. D. 11,2 gam.
Bi 57: Ho tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe2O3 trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H2
ktc v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta, nung trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
(AD LBT NT Fe , nFe + 2nFe2O3 = 2nFe2O3(rn) nFe = nH2, mFe2O3(cht rn) = 24 g)
Bi 58Ho tan 9,14 g hn hp Cu, Fe, Al bng ddHCl d thu c 7,84lt kh A(kc) v 2,54g cht rn B v dd
C. Khi lng mui c trong dd C l : (AD1)
A. 3,99g B. 33,25g C. 31,45g D. 3,145g
Bi 59Cho 2,1 g hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thy thot ra 1,12l H2 ktc.
Khi lng mui khan to ra khi c cn dung dch l: (AD1)
A. 5,65g B. 7,75g C. 11,3g D. 10,3g
Bi 60 (TS H khi A 2007): Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng va
dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt kh H2 (kc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
(AD2)
Bi 61.(Cu 45 TSH khi A 2007 m 182): Ha tan ha ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO,
ZnO trong 500 ml H2SO4 0,1 M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung
dch c khi lng l: (AD 15)
A. 6,81 g B. 4,81 g C. 3,81 g D. 5,81 g
Bi 62. kh hon ton 17,6g hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn va 2,24 lt CO(ktc). Khi lng Fe
thu c sau phn ng l: (AD 17)
A. 15g. B. 16g. C. 18g. D. 15,3g.
Bi 63.Cho t t mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 un nng
thu c 64 gam st, khi i ra sau phn ng cho i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d c 40 gam kt ta. Tm m ?
(AD 17)
Bi 65:Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi Fe v X ( ho tr khng i ) . Ho tan ht (m) gam A bng mt lng va
dd HCl thu c 1,008 lt kh KTC v dd B cha 4,575 gam mui .Tnh m. AD1:
A. 1,28 g B. 1,82 g C. 1,38 g D. 1,83 g
Bi 66:Ho tan m gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi l Al v Fe trong dung dch HCl d thu c dd B v 14,56 lt
H2 ktc . Cho dd B tc dng vi dd NaOH d , kt ta em nung ngoi kk n khi lng khng i c 16
gam cht rn . Tnh m AD 18 => 3nAl + 2nFe = 2nH2. AD L BT N T Fe.
Cht rn cui cng l Fe2O3 (v Al(OH)3 tc dng vi NaOH d)=> nFe = 2nFe2O3
A. 16,3 g B. 19,3 g C. 21,3 g D. 23,3 g
Bi 67:Oxi ho 13,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thu c m gam hn hp 2 oxit . ho tan hon ton m gam oxit
ny cn 500 ml dd H2SO4 1 M . Tnh m . (AD 14-1) v 17
A. 18,4 g B. 21,6 g C. 23,45 g D. Kt qu khc
Bi 68:Ho tan 17,5 gam hp kim Zn Fe Al vo dung dch HCl thu c Vlt H2 ktc v dung dch A C
cn A thu c 31,7 gam hn hp mui khan . Gi tr V l ? AD1
A. 1,12 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. Kt qu khc
Bi 69:Cho 2,49g hn hp gm 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Zn tan hon ton trong 500 ml dd H2SO4 long ta thy c
1,344 lt H2 (ktc) thot ra. Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan to ra AD2
A. 4,25g B. 8,25g C. 5,37g D. 8,13g
Bi 70:Ho tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng mt lng dd HCl va , thu c 1,12 lt hiro (ktc) v
dd A cho NaOH d vo thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam
cht rn th gi tr ca m l: AD LBT NT Fe Ging bi 57.
A. 12g B. 11,2g C. 12,2g D. 16g
Bi 70Mt dung dch cha 38,2g hn hp 2 mui sunfat ca kim loi kim A v kim loi kim th B tc dng
va vi dung dch BaCl2 thu c 69,9g kt ta. Lc b kt ta v c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan. m mui = m mui Sunfat -25.nBaSO4
A. 3,07 B. 30,7 C. 7,03 D. 70,3
Nguoithay.vn
- 16 -
Bi 71.Ha tan 28,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIAbng acid HCl
thu c 6,72 lt kh(ktc) v dung dch A. Tng s gam 2 mui clorua trong dung dch thu c l? (AD 11)
A. 3,17 B. 31,7 C. 1.37 D. 7,13
Bi 72.Cho 6,2g hn hp gm mt s kim loi kim vo dung dch HCl d c 2,24lt H2(ktc). C cn dung
dch thu c sau phn ng s thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn?(AD1)
A. 1,33 B. 3,13 C. 13,3 D. 3,31
Bi 73.Cho 16,3g hn hp 2 kim loi Na v X tc dng ht vi HCl long, d thu c 34,05 gam hn hp
mui A khan. Th tch H2 thu c l bao nhiu lt?
A. 3,36 B. 5,6 C. 8,4 D. 11,2
Bi 74.Cho x gam hn hp kim loi gm K, Na, Ba vo nc c 500ml dung dch X c pH=13 v V lt kh
(ktc). V c gi tr l bao nhiu?
A. 0,56 B. 1,12 C. 2,24 D. 3,36
Bi 75.Ha tan ht 1,72g hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn v Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt
kh (ktc) v 7,48g mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca V l?
A. 1,344 B. 1,008 C. 1,12 D. 3.36
Bi 77.Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml acid H2SO4 0,1M va . C
cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81 D. 5,81
Bi 78.Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo acid HNO3(va ), thu c dung
dch X(ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Ga tr ca a l? Xem bi 41
A. 0,04 B. 0,075 C. 0,12 D.0,06
Bi 79.Ha tan ht 10g hn hp mui cacbonat MgCO3, CaCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 bng dung dch HCl dthu
c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c x g mui khan. Ga tr ca x l? AD 11
A. 12 B. 11,1 C. 11,8 D. 14,2
Bi 80.Ha tan hon ton 2,7g mt kim loi M bng HNO3 thu c 1,12lt kh(ktc) hn hp X gm 2 kh
khng mu trong c 1 kh ha nu ngoi khng kh. Bit d
2
H
X
=19,2. M l?
A. Fe B. Al C. Cu D.Zn
Bi 81.Ha tan hn hp X gm Fe v MgO bng HNO3 va c 0,112 lt (27,30C,6,6atm) kh khng mu
ha nu ngoi khng kh. C cn dung mui c 10,22g hn hp mui khan. Khi lng mi kim loi trong
hn hp ln lt l? MgO khng nhng e . => Tnh c nFe => nFe(NO3)3
10,22 g = mFe(NO3)3 + mMg(NO3)2 => nMg(NO3)2 = nMgO
A. 16,8g v 0,8g B. 1,68g v 8g C. 8g v 1,8g D. 1,68g v 0,8g
Bi 82.Cho 3,06g oxit MxOy , M c ha tr khng i tan trong dung dch HNO3 to ra 5,22g mui. Xc nh
MxOy. ( Da vo p n => p ny ch to ra mui v H2O => Dng Tng gim khi lng hc di ,
MO (v p n ch c 1 Oxi) => M(NO3)2 (M l ha tr II hoc III) Ta xt II v c A,B,C u ha tr II
nu khng tha mn chn D lun)
MO => M(NO3)2 => m Tng = 108g (nu 1 mol MO)
vy vi x mol MO => m Tng = 5,22 3,06 = 2,16 g => x = 2,16/108 = 0,02 mol
=> M MO = 3,06/0,02 = 153 => C
A. CaO B. MgO C. BaO D. Al2O3
Bi 83.Ha tan 9,6g Mg trong dung dch HNO3 to ra 2,24 lt kh NxOy. Xc nh cng thc kh .
A. NO B. N2O C. NO2 D. N2O4
Bi 84.Ha tan hon ton 2,16g mt oxit kim loi M thu c 0,224 lt kh NO(ktc). Xc nh cng thc oxit.
Tng t 1 s bi trn gii ri
A. CuO B. FeO C. Fe3O4 D. Fe2O3
Bi 85.Ha tan kim loi M vo HNO3 thu c dung dch A(khng c kh thot ra). Cho NaOH d vo dung
dch A thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v 23,2g kt ta. Xc nh M.
A. Fe B. Mg C. Al D. Ca
Bi 86.Ha tan hon ton 0,368g hn hp Al, Zn cn va 25lt dung dch HNO3 0,001M. Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch cha 3 mui. S gam mi kim loi ban u l?
A. 0,108 v 0,26 B. 1,08 v 2,6 C. 10,8 v 2,6 D. 1,108 c 0,26
Bi 87.Cho m gam hn hp X gm (Zn, Fe) tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c ddA v hn hp kh
(NO, NO2). Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c cht rn B, nung cht rn B trong
chn khng n khi lng khng i c 32 gam cht rn C. Khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp X l (32 g
lmFe2O3,V Al(OH)3 p vi NaOH , AD BT NT Fe: nFe = 2nFe2O3)
Nguoithay.vn
- 17 -
Bi 88.Cho Fe, Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3, sau phn ng ch thu c dung dch A (ch cha 2 mui)
v hn hp kh G gm ( 0,2 mol N2, 0,4 mol NO, 0,4 mol NO2, 0,6 mol N2O). S mol HNO3 tham gia phn
ng l (AD8)
Bi 89.Cho m gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v kh NO duy nht thot ra.
em c cn dung dch A v nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 16 gam mt cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
(Nung Cu(NO3)2 => CuO( 16g ) ADBT NT Cu => nCu = nCuO)
A. 37,6 B. 12,8 C. 19,6 D. 6,4
Bi 90.Cho 28,8 gam FeO tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A (ch cha 1 mui) v kh NO.
Ly dung dch A tc dng ht vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta, nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th thu
c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l : ADBT NT Fe : nFeO = 2nFe2O3
A. 32 B. 64 C. 21,4 D. 18,0
Bi 91.Cho 32 gam Fe2O3 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3. Ly ton b sn phm sau phn ng cho tc dng ht
vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta, nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m
l BT NT Fe : nFe2O3 (u) = nFe2O3 (Sau) hay mFe2O3(u) = m Rn
A. 11,2 B. 64 C. 32 D. 18,0
Bi 92:Ho tan hn hp Mg v Zn trong dung dch H2SO4 d thu c 1,792(l) H2 (kc) , lng Zn gp 4,514
ln lng Mg . Khi lng hn hp ban u l: (AD 18)v Zn gp 4,514 ln lng Mg
A. 3,97(g) B. 3,64(g) C. 3,7(g) D. 3,5(g)
Bi 93:Tch ghp. Ha tan hon ton 1,53g hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Cu, Zn vo dung dch HCl d thy thot ra
448 ml lt H2 (kc) . C cn hn hp sau phn ng ri nung khan trong chn khng s thu c mt cht rn c
khi lng l : (AD1)
A. 2,95gam B.3,90gam C.2,24gam D.1,885gam
Bi 94:Cho1,78 gam hn hp 2 kim loi ha tr II tan hon ton trong dd H2SO4 long thu 0,896 lt H2 (kc).
Khi lng mui thu c l : (AD2)
A. 9,46 gam. B. 5,62gam.. C. 3,78 gam. D. 6, 18gam.
Bi 96:Cho1g btFe tip xc vi oxi mt thi gian, thy khi lng bt vt qu 1,41g.Nu ch to thnh
mtoxit duy nht th l:Tm nOxi(trong oxit)=>M MxOy =>Bin lun theo y =>Bthamn
A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4 D. FeO v Fe d.
Bi 97:Ho tan 9,14g hn hp Cu, Fe, Al bng ddHCl d thu c 7,84lt kh A(kc) v 2,54g cht rn B v dd
C. Khi lng mui c trong dd C l : (AD 1)
A. 3,99g B. 33,25g C. 31,45g D. 3,145g
Bi 98:Cho 10g kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu c 6,11 lt kh ( 250C , 1atm). Kim loi kim
th dng l: (AD 18 => n M = nH2) => M (M) (Khi lng mol)
A. Mg B. Ca C. Sr D. Ba
Bi 99:Ho tan 7,8 g kim loi X vo nc thu c 2,24 lit kh(ktc). Kim loi X l: (AD 18)
A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba
Bi 100:Ho tan hon ton 2g kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II vo dung dch HCl. Sau c cn thu
c 5,55g mui khan. Kim loi l: AD1 => nH2 , AD 18 => nKL => M KL
A. Be B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba
Bi 101:Ho tan ht 0,5 (g) hn hp Fe v kim loi ho tr II bng dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,12 (l)
H2 (kc) .Kim loi ho tr II l :
A. Be B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba
Bi 102:Ho tan mu hp kim Ba- Na vo nc thu c dung dch A v c 13,44 (l) H2 bay ra (kc)
trung ho 1/10 dung dch A , th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn dng l: nHCl = 2nH2
A. 1200ml B. 120ml C. 125ml D. 130ml
Bi103:Cho 68,5g mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu c 12,22lt kh hidr o 250C v 1 atm.
Tn ca kim loi kim th l: (AD18)
A. Magie B. Canxi C. Stronti D. Bari
Bi 104:Cho 4,2 hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thy thot ra 2,24l H2 ktc.
Khi lng mui khan to ra khi c cn dung dch l: (AD1)
A. 7,1g B. 7,75g C. 11,3g D. 10,3g
Bi 105:Cho 8,7 g hn hp gm K v Mg tan vo nc thu c 5.6 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 3,9 g v 4,8g B. 1,95g v 6,75g C. 1,56g v 7,14g D. 7,8g v 0,9g
Bi 106.Ha tan 2 kim loi Ba v Na vo nc c dd(A) v c 13,44 lt H2 bay ra (ktc). Th tch dung dch
HCl 1M cn trung ha hon ton dd A l:
Nguoithay.vn
- 18 -
A.1,2lt B.2,4lt C.4,8lt D.0,5lt.
Bi 107.Ho tan ht 11 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al , Fe, Zn trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 0,4 mol
H2 v x gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh x? .
Bi 108. t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe , Cu c 4,14 gam hn hp 3 oxit . ho tan
ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch HCl v thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th
khi lng mui khan l bao nhu ? . (AD 14-1 Tm nHCl, AD 16)
A. 9,45 gam B.7,49 gam C. 8,54 gam D. 6,45 gam
Bi 109.t chy x gam hh 3 kim loi Mg , Al , Fe bng 0,8 mol O2 , thu c 37,4 gam hh rn B v cn li
0,2 mol O2 . Ho tan 37,4 gam hh B bng y lt dd H 2SO4 2 M ( va ) , thu c z gam hh mui khan .
Tnh x, y,z .
A. 18,2gam, 0,6 lt, 133,4 gam B.98,3gam,0,7lt,122,4gam
C. 23,1gam,0,8lt,123,4gam D.89,5gam,0,5lt,127,1gam
Bi 110.Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe2O3 , Al2O3 tc dng va vi 350ml dd HNO3 4M ri un
n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp mui khan. Tnh m . (L BT KL)
A. 77,92 gam B.86,8 gam C. 76,34 gam D. 99,72 gam
Bi 111.Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim v kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu uc
dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Nu c cn dung dch B c m1 gam hn hp rn , cn nu trung ho
dung dich B bng dung dich HCl ri c cn dung dch sn phm th c m2 gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh m1
v m2 .
A. 21,1 gam , 26,65gam B. 12,3gam,36,65gam C. 54,3gam,76,3gam D. 12,3gam ,67,4gam

PHNG PHP TNG GIM KHI LNG

Khi lng KL tng bng: m
B(bm)
m
A(tan)

Khi lng KL gim bng: m
A(tan)
m
B(bm)
Nu bi cho tng hoc gim bao nhiu %
m Tng (hoc gim) = m ban u . a% (s %)

C th ni 2 phng php Bo ton khi lng v tng gim khi lng l hai anh em sinh i, v
mt bi ton nu gii c phng php ny th cng c th gii bng phng php kia. Tuy nhin ty
tng bi tp m phng php ny hay phng php kia l u vit hn.
Phng php gii thng gi s 1 mol 1 Kl => Th tng hoc gim bao nhiu g
Theo u bi x mol KL => Tng hay gim nh th no => x mol p
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1. Ha tan 14 gam hn hp 2 mui MCO3 v N2(CO3)3 bng dung dch HCl du, thu uc dung dch A v
0,672 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A th thu uc m gam mui khan. m c gi tr l AD11
MCO3 => MCl2 +CO2
1mol 1mol 1mol => mTng=mMCl2 mCO3 = 71 60 = 11g
x mol x mol => m Tng = 11x g
N2(CO3)3 => 2NCl3 + 3CO2
1mol 2mol 3mol => m Tng = mNCl3 mN2(CO3)3 = 2.35,5.3 60.3 = 33g
y mol 3y => mTang = 33y g => y mol CO2 => m Tng = 11y g
=> m tng = 11x + 11y = 11(x+y) m x+ y l s n CO2 => c CT 11 :
Bi 2. Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 45 gam vo 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh
nhm ra cn nng 46,38 gam. Khi lung Cu thot ra l
Nh c ch KL mnh y Kl yu.
P : 2Al + 3Cu
2+
=> 2Al
3+
+ 3Cu
Nguoithay.vn
- 19 -
: C 2 mol Al => 3 mol Cu => m tng =mCu mAl = 3.64 2.54 = 138 g
bi vi x mol Cu => m tng = 46,38 45 = 1,38g
=> x = 1,38.3/ 138 = 0,03 mol (Nhn cho) => mCu = 0,03.64 = 1,92 g
Bi 3. Ha tan 5,94 gam hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B (u c ho tr II) vo nuc uc dung dch
X. lm kt ta ht ion Cl- c trong dung dch X ngui ta cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3
thu uc 17,22 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta, thu uc dung dch Y. C cn Y uc m gam hn hp mui khan.
m c gi tr l (MagCl = 143,5)
P : MCl2 + 2AgNO3 => M(NO3)2 + 2AgCL
C 1 mol MCl2 => 1 mol M(NO3)2 v 2 mol AgCl => m Tng = mM(NO3)2 mMCL2 = 2.62 71 =53g
Vi 0,12 mol AgCl => m Tng = 0,12 .53/2 = 3,18g
=> mM(NO3)2 = mMCL2 + m Tng = 5,94 + 3,18 = 9,12g
Bi 5. Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp MCO3 v M'CO3 vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V lt kh (ktc).
Dung dch thu uc em c cn thu uc 5,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12 lt B. 1,68 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 3,36 lt
p dng CT 11: m mui clorua = m mui cacbonat + nCO2. 11
5,1 = 4 + nCO2 .11 => mCO2 = 0,1 mol => V = 2,24 lt
Bi 6. Cho 1,26 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra 3,42 gam mui sunfat. Kim loi
l
A. Mg B. Fe C. Ca D. Al
p dng CT 2: m mui sunfat = m KL + nH2(Hoc H2SO4).96
3,42 = 1,26 + nH2.96 => nH2 = 0,0225 mol
PT : 2A + nH2SO4 => A2(SO4)n + nH2 => nA = 2nH2/n =0,045/n (n l ha tr ca A)
M ca A = 1,26n/0,045 = 28n . Vi n = 2 => M = 56 , Fe
C th dng mo khi tnh c nH2 => M = 1,26/0,0225 = 56 => Fe
Nu ra s # th da vo kt qu l c . Vd nu ra 12 => Mg
Bi 7. Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi X v Y bng dung dch HCl ta thu uc 12,71gam mui
khan. Th tch kh H2 thu uc (ktc) l AD1
A. 0,224 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 0,448 lt
Bi 8. Cho ho tan hon ton a gam Fe3O4 trong dung dch HCl, thu uc dung dch D, cho D tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH du, lc kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lung khng i na, thy khi lung kt ta tng
ln 3,4 gam. em nung kt ta n khi lung khng i uc b gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a, b ln lut l
A. 46,4 v 48 gam B. 48,4 v 46 gam C. 64,4 v 76,2 gam D. 76,2 v 64,4 gam
Fe3O4 + 8HCl => 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + H2O ( DO Fe3O4 = Fe2O3 + FeO)
Mui l FeCl3 v FeCl2 + NaOH => Fe(OH)3 v Fe(OH)2
Nung nng ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i l Fe(OH)2 => Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O => Fe(OH)3
Vi 1 mol Fe(OH)2 => 1 mol Fe(OH)3 => m tng = 107 90 = 17g
X mol => X mol Fe(OH)3 => m tng = 3,4 ( bi)
=> x = 3,4/17 = 0,2 mol = nFe3O4 => a = 0,2.232 = 46,4g
S chuyn ha . 2Fe3O4 => 3Fe2O3 => nFe2O3 = 3nFe3O4/2 = 3.0,2/2 = 0,3 mol
=> b = 0,3/160 = 48g
Bi 9. Cho 8 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 n khi phn ng kt
thc, thu uc 12,4 gam cht rn B v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH du, lc v
nung kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lung khng i thu uc 8 gam hn hp gm 2 oxit.
A. Khi lung Mg v Fe trong A ln lut l
A. 4,8 v 3,2 gam B. 3,6 v 4,4 gam C. 2,4 v 5,6 gam D. 1,2 v 6,8 gam
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol Mg v Fe phn ng
PT: Mg + Cu
2+
=> Mg
2+
+ Cu
Vi 1mol => 1mol => m tng = 64-24 = 40g
Vi xmol => m tng = 40x g
Fe + Cu
2+
=> Fe
2+
+ Cu
Vi 1mol 1mol => m tng = 64 56 = 8g
Vi y mol => m tng = 8y mol
Theo u bi m tng = 12,4 8 = 4,4 g => 40x + 8y = 4,4 (I)
8g oxit l MgO v Fe2O3 . LBT NT
Mg => MgO , nMg = nMgO = x mol => mMgO = 40x
Nguoithay.vn
- 20 -
2Fe => Fe2O3 , nFe2O3 = y/2 mol => mFe2O3 = 80y => 40x + 80y = 8 (II)
Gii h I v II => x = 0,1 mol , y = 0,05 mol
Mg phn ng ht trc Fe s d. mFe = 8 mMg = 8- 0,1.24 = 5,6g
B. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 l
A. 0,25 M B. 0,75 M C. 0,5 M D. 0,125 M
nCuSO4 = x + y = 0,15 mol => CM = 0,75M
Bi 10. Cho 2,81 gam hn hp gm 3 oxit Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M
th khi lung hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l
AD15 : m mui = moxit + nH2SO4.80 = 2,81 + 0,03.80 = 5,21g
Bi 11: Khi ly 3,33g mui clorua ca mt kim loi ch c ha tr II v mt lng mui nitrat ca kim loi
c cng s mol nh mui clorua trn, thy khc nhau 1,59g. Kim loi trong 2 mui ni trn l:
A. Mg B. Ba C. Ca D. Zn
MCl2 => M(NO3)2
1 mol => 1mol => m Tng = mM(NO3)2 mM(Cl2) = 62.2 71 = 53g
x mol => m Tng = 1,59 g
=>x 1,59/53 = 0,03 mol (Nhn cho) => M (MCl2) = 3,33/0,03 =111 => M (M) = 111 35,3.2 = 40=> Ca
Bi 12. Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm 1 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v 1 mui cacbonat
ca kim loi ho tr II trong axit HCl th to thnh 0,2 mol kh. em c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan? (AD11)
Bi 13: Ha tan 5,8g mui cacbonat MCO3 bng dung dch H2SO4 long, va thu c mt cht kh v
dung dch G1. C cn G1 c 7,6g mui sunfat trung ha. Cng thc ha hc ca mui cacbonat l:
A. MgCO3 B. FeCO3 C. BaCO3 D. CaCO3
AD12: c li gii
Bi 14: Nung nng 66,2g Pb(NO3)2 thu c 55,4g cht rn. Tnh hiu sut phn ng phn hu.
A. 25% B.40% C. 27,5% D.50%
n li kin thc phn Nung nng mui cacbonat (KL kim => mui +O2) Vd: KNO3 => KNO2 + O2)
(T Mg => Cu => Oxit + NO2 +O2)) Zn(NO3)2 => ZnO + 2NO2 + 1/2O2 Di Cu => Kl + NO2 +O2
Pb(NO3)2 nm t MG => Cu
PT: Pb(NO3)2 => PbO + NO2 + H2O ( MPb = 207)
1mol 1mol => m Gim = mPb(NO3)2 mPbO = 331 223 =108g
x mol => m gim = 66,2 55,4 = 10,8 g
=> x = 10,8/108 = 0,1 mol => Ch c 0,1 mol Pb(NO3)2 p trong 0,2 mol
=> H%(p)(v Pb(NO3)3 l cht tg) = nPT .100%/nTT = 0,1.100%/0,2 = 50%
Xem phn hiu sut phn Ru nh.
Bi 15: Nhng mt l st c khi lng 8g vo 500 ml dung dch CuSO4 2M. Sau mt thi gian ly l st ra cn
li thy nng 8,8g. Xem th tch dung dch khng thay i th nng mol/l ca CuSO4 trong dung dch sau
phn ng l bao nhiu?
A.1,8M B.2,2M C. 1,75M D.1,625M
PT : Fe + CuSO4 => FeSO4 + Cu
1mol 1mol => m Tng = mCu mFe = 64 56 = 8g
xmol => m Tng = 8,8 8 = 0,8 g
x = 0,8/8 = 0,1 mol = nCuSO4(p) => nCuSO4 d = 1 0,1 = 0,9 mol
CM CuSO4 = 0,9/0,5 = 1,8M
Bi 16: Nhng mt thanh Al nng 50g vo 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian, ly thanh Al ra
cn nng 51,38g. tnh khi lng Cu thot ra v nng cc cht trong dung dch, sau phn ng ( gi s tt c
Cu thot ra bm trn thanh nhm). (Ging bi 2)
Bi 17 :Ho tan 12g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat kim loi bng dung dch HCl d ta thu c dung dch A v
1,008 l kh bay ra (ktc). S gam mui khan khi c cn dung dch A l : AD11
A. 12,495g B. 12g C.11,459g D. 12,5g
Bi 18: 2,7g nhm ming ngoi khng kh mt thi gian, thy khi lng tng thm 1,44g. Phn trm khi
lng ming nhm b oxi ho bi oxi ca khng kh l :
A. 60% B.40% C. 50% D.80%
PT : 2Al + 3/2O2 => Al2O3
2mol 1mol => m Tng = mAl2O3 mAl = 102 54 = 48 g
xmol => m tng = 1,44 g
Nguoithay.vn
- 21 -
=> x = 1,44.2/48 = 0,06 mol (Nhn cho) => % = 0,06/0,1 =60%
Bi 19: Kh hon ton mt oxit st nguyn cht bng CO d nhit cao. Kt thc phn ng, khi lng cht
rn gim i 27,58%. Oxit st dng l :
A. Fe2O3 B. Fe3O4 C. FeO D. Kt qu khc
Bi 20: Cho mt inh st vo 200 ml dung dch mui nitrat kim loi X nng 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, tt c kim loi X to ra bm ht vo inh st, khi lng dung dch thu c gim 0,16g so vi dung
dch nitrat X lc u. X l kim loi no ?
A. Cu B. Ag C. Ni D. Hg
p n => KL ha tr II (tr Ag)
Xt ha tr II : PT :
Fe + X(NO3)2 => Fe(NO3)2 + X => nFe = nX(NO3)2 = 0,02 mol
=> dd gim = mX mFe = 0,02.MX 0,02 . 56 = 0,16 => MX = 64 => Cu
Bi 21. Nhit phn a gam mui Cu(NO3)2. Sau mt thi gian th dng li, ngui v em cn, th thy khi
lng gim i 27g. Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b phn hu l : Ging bi 14
A. 37g B.47g C.57g D.67g
Bi 22 : Nung nng AgNO3 ,sau mt thi gian dng li , ngui v em cn thy khi lng gim i 31g
.lng AgNO3 ban u (Bit AgNO3 b phn hu chim 65 % v khi lng )v th tch cc kh thot ra (
27,30C ,6,15 atm ) l ;
A.103,676 gam;3,80 lt ;6,16 lt B.130,796 gam ;4,08 lt ;6,61 lt
C.103,967 gam ;3,8 lt ;6,61 lt D 130,769 gam;3,08 lt ;6,16 lt
P : AgNO3 => Ag + NO2 + 1/2O2
1mol => 1mol => m gim = mAgNO3 mAg = 62
Xmol => m gim 31 g => x = 0,05 mol => nAg p = 0,05 mol
nAgNO3 ban u = 0,05.100%/65% = 1 /13 mol => m = 130,769 g => D
Tnh th tch da vo PT :
n = P.V/ (T.0,082) , P l p sut (Atm) V th tch (Lt) , T K : T = 273 + C
Bi 23: Cho 3,0 gam mt axit no, n chc A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c 4,1 gam mui khan. CTPT ca A l
A. HCOOH B. C3H7COOH C. CH3COOH D. C2H5COOH.
R-COOH => RCOONa
1mol => 1 mol => mTang = 23-1 =22g
xmol => m Tng = 4,1 -3 = 1,1 => x = 1,1/22 = 0,05 mol
=> M R-COOH = 3/0,05 = 60 => CH3COOH
Bi 24: Cho dung dch AgNO3 d tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 6,25 gam hai mui KCl v KBr
thu c 10,39 gam hn hp AgCl v AgBr. Hy xc nh s mol hn hp u.
A. 0,08 mol. B. 0,06 mol. C. 0,03 mol. D. 0,055 mol.
KCl => AgCL , KBr => AgBr
C 1 mol Mui => 1 mol Kt ta => m Tng = m kt ta m mui = 108(Ag) 39(K) = 69g
x mol Mui => m Tng = 10,39 6,25 = 4,14 g
=> x = 4,14/69 = 0,06 mol => mol mui = 0,06 mol
Bi 25: Nhng mt thanh graphit X c ph mt lp kim loi ha tr (II) vo dung dch CuSO4 d. Sau phn
ng khi lng ca thanh graphit gim i 0,24 gam. Cng thanh graphit ny nu c nhng vo dung dch
AgNO3 th khi phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh graphit tng ln 0,52 gam. Kim loi ha tr (II) l kim loi
no sau y?
A. Pb. (M = 207) B. Cd.(M =112) C. Al. D. Sn.
t kim loi ha tr (II) l X
X + CuSO4 d MSO4 + Cu
1 mol 1mol => m Gim = (M- 64) mol
xmol => m Gim = 0,24 g
=> x = 0,24/(M-64) (I)
Mt khc: X + 2AgNO3 M(NO3)2 + 2Ag
1mol 2mol => m Tng = 2.108 - MX
xmol => m Tng = 0,52g
=> x= 0,52/(216 M)(II)

T I v II => 0,24.(216 M) = 0,52.(M 64) M = 112 => Cd
Nguoithay.vn
- 22 -
Bi 26: Ho tan hon ton 104,25 gam hn hp X gm NaCl v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Sc kh Cl2
d vo dung dch A. Kt thc th nghim, c cn dung dch thu c 58,5 gam mui khan. Khi lng NaCl c
trong hn hp X l
Hng dn gii
Kh Cl2 d ch kh c mui NaI theo phng trnh
2NaI + Cl2 2NaCl + I2
1 mol 1mol => m Gim = mI mCL v mNa mNa ht)= 127 35,5 = 91,5 gam.
x mol => m Gim = m hn hp X m mui = 104,25 58,5 = 4,575 g
=> x = 4,575/91,5 = 0,5 mol
mNaI = 1500,5 = 75 gam mNaCl = 104,25 75 = 29,25 gam.
Bi 27:(Cu 15 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007) Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng
ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH2=CHCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCCCOOH. D. CH3CH2COOH.
t CTTQ ca axit hu c X n chc l RCOOH.
2RCOOH + CaCO3 (RCOO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
2 mol => 1mol => m Tng = m(RCOO)2Ca m(RCOOH) = 40 -2 = 38g
X mol => m Tng = 7,28 5,76 = 1,52 g
=> x = 1,52 .2 / 38 = 0,08 mol => M (RCOOH) = 5,76/0,08 = 72 => A (Axit acrylic)
Hoc M = 72 = M R + 45 => MR = 27 => Gc CH2=CH -
Bi 28: Nhng thanh km vo dung dch cha 8,32 gam CdSO4. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd2+ khi lng
thanh km tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Hi khi lng thanh km ban u.
Gi khi lng thanh km ban u l a gam th khi lng tng thm l
2,35a
100
gam.
Zn + CdSO4 ZnSO4 + Cd
1mol =>1mol => 1mol => m Tng = mCd mZn = 112 65 = 47 g
0,04mol (v kh hon ton) => m Tng = 2,35a/100 (g)
=> 2,35a/100 = 0,04.47 (nhn cho) => a = 80g
Bi 29 : Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl
3
to thnh dung dch Y.
Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl3. xc nh cng thc ca mui
XCl3. A. FeCl3. B. AlCl3. C. CrCl3. D. Khng xc nh.
Gi A l nguyn t khi ca kim loi X.
Al + XCl3 AlCl3 + X
0,14 mol(p) => 0,14 mol => 0,14 mol => m Gim = mXCl3 mAlCl3
= (A + 35,53)0,14 (133,50,14) = 4,06 A = 56 : Fe => FeCl3
Bi 30: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng i c 69
gam cht rn. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca mi cht tng ng trong hn hp ban u.
A. 15,4% v 84,6%. B. 22,4% v 77,6%. C. 16% v 84%. D. 24% v 76%.
Cch 1: Ch c NaHCO3 b phn hy. t x l s gam NaHCO3.
2NaHCO3
o
t
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

2mol 1 mol => m Gim = mNaHCO3 mNa2CO3 = 2.84 106 = 62g
x khi lng gim: 100 69 = 31 gam
=> x = 31.2/62 =1mol => nNaHCO3 = 1 mol => %NaHCO3 = 84.100%/100 = 84% => %Na2CO3
Cch 2: BT khi lng => mCO2 + mH2O = 100 69 = 31 g => nCO2 = nH2O = 31/ 62 = 0,5 mol
nNaHCO3 = 2nCO2 = 1 mol => m =84 g
Cch 3: Gii h : Ban u 106.nNa2CO3 + 84.nNaHCO3 = 100
Sau p : 106.nNa2CO3 + 53.nNaHCO3 = 69 => nNaHCO3 = 1 mol
Bi 31: Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui X gm CuCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc c dung dch A. Nhng Mg
vo dung dch A cho n khi mt mu xanh ca dung dch. Ly thanh Mg ra cn li thy tng thm 0,8 gam. C
cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh m?
A. 1.28 gam. B. 2,48 gam. C. 3,1 gam. D. 0,48 gam.
Mg + Cu
2+
=> Mg
2+
+ Cu
AD LBT khi lng : mMg + mCu
2+
(hh mui X) = mMg
2+
(Mui to thnh) + mCu
Bit mCu mMg = m Tng = 0,8 mol => mui to thnh = m hh mui X 0,8 = 3,28-0,8 = 2,48g
Nguoithay.vn
- 23 -
Bi 32: Cho 115 gam hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 22,4
lt CO2 (ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l (AD 11)
Bi 34.un nng 58(g) magi hidroxit n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng so vi ban
u :
A. Tng 18(g) B. Gim 40(g) C. Gim 18 (g) D. Tng 40(g)

PHNG PHP P DNG L BT IN TCH

L thuyt:

Trong dung dch . n in tch + = in tch -
Trn PT c in. in tch v tri = in tch v phi
Trong phn ng oxi ha kh: mol e nhn = ne nhng
n in tch = n ion . x (Vi x l s in tch)
m ion = n ion . M ion
M ion = M nguyn t cu to nn ion (VD : Fe3+ th M Fe3+ = MFe = 56)
m ion trong dd = m cht tan trong dung dch

VD1: dd A cha x mol Na
+
, y mol Al
3+
, z mol SO4
2-
, t mol Cl
-
. Tm biu thc ln h x,y,z,t
AD: Trong dung dch n in tch + = n in tch
n in tch = n ion . S in tch => nNa
+
+ 3nAl
+3
= 2nSO4
2-
+ nCL
-
x + 3y = 2z + t
VD2: Cn bng p : 3M + 8H
+
+ 2NO3- => ... M
n+
+ ... NO + ... H2O. Cn bng v Tm n ca M
Cn bng 3M + 8H
+
+ 2NO3- => 3M
n+
+ 2NO + 4H2O
AD: Tng in tch v tri = Tng in tch v phi 8 - 2 = 3n n = 2
VD3: dd A c 0,1 mol Fe
2+
, 0,2 mol Al
3+
, x mol SO4
2-
, y mol Cl
-
. Khi c cn dd A thu c 46,9g rn.Tnh
x,y? , AD: n in tch + = in tch - 2nFe + 3nAl = 2x + y = 0,8
AD: m ion trong dd = m cht tan trong dung dch , M ion = M nguyn t cu to nn ion
mFe
2+
+ mAl
3+
+ mSO4
2-
+ mCL
-
= 46,9 0,1.56 + 0,2.27 + 96x + 35,5y = 46,9
Gii h => x = 0,3 . y = 0,2

Bi tp vn dng:

Bi 1. Chia hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch HCl, to ra 1,792 lt H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2 nung trong khng kh n khi lung khng i thu uc 2,84 gam cht rn.
Khi lung hn hp 2 kim loi trong hn hp u l
in tch ca A v B mi phn khng thay i => mol in tch - mi phn u = nhau
V O
2-
2Cl- nn nO(trong oxit) = 1/2nCl(trong mui) = nH2 = 0,08 mol
=>p dng CT 17: m kl = moxt mO = 2,84 0,08.16 = 1,56 g
=> m hn hp ban u = 2.1,56 = 3,12g
Bi 2. Dung dch A c cha 5 ion : Mg2+, Ba2+ , Ca2+, 0,1 mol Cl- v 0,2 mol NO3- . Thm dn V lt dung
dch K2CO3 1M vo A n khi uc lung kt ta ln nht. V c gi tr l
A. 150 ml B. 300 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml
Kt ta ln nht tc l Mg2+ , Ba2+ , Ca2+ u phn ng ht vi CO3
2-
(K2CO3)
Nguoithay.vn
- 24 -
PT : Mg
2+
+ CO3
2-
=> MgCO3 , Ba
2+
+ CO3
2-
=> BaCO3 , Ca
2+
+ CO3
2-
=> CaCO3
sau phn ng kt ta tch ra khi dung dch => dung dch cn K
+
, Cl- ,NO3-
nK+ = nCl - + nNO3 - nK+ = 0,1 + 0,2 =0,3 mol => nK2CO3 = 0,3/2 =0,15 mol
V = 0,15/1 = 150 ml
Bi 3. Dung dch A cha cc ion CO32-, SO32-, SO42- v 0,1 mol HCO3-, 0,3 mol Na+. Thm V (lt) dung
dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo dung dch A th thu uc lung kt ta ln nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,15 lt B. 0,2 lt C. 0,25 lt D. 0,5 lt
CM Ba = 1M , CM(OH)- = 2M , lm kt ta ht HCO3 cn 0,1 mol OH-
OH
-
+ HCO3
-
=> CO3
2-
+ H2O
Mt # cn trung ha ht 0,3 mol Na cn 0,3molOH- => nOH- cn dng = 0,4 mol => V = 0,4/2 = 0,2 lt
Bi 4. Cho tan hon ton 15,6 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 trong 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu uc 6,72
lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Th tch HCl 2M cn cho vo D thu uc lung kt ta ln nht l
A. 0,175 lt B. 0,25 lt C. 0,25 lt D. 0,52 lt
C1: 3nAl = 2nH2 (Al +kim => H2) => nAl = 0,2 mol=>mAl2O3 = 15,6 0,2.27 = 10,2g => nAl2O3= 0,1
Vit PT ra ta tnh c.
C2.trong dung dch D gm : NaAlO2 hay AlO2
-
v OH
-
(NaOH) d. Dung dch D trung ha v in tch
nAlO2- + nOH- = nNa
+
(NaOH) = 0,5 mol
Cho HCL vo D ta c : H
+
+ OH- => H2O , H
+
+ AlO2- + H2O => Al(OH)3
=> nH
+
= nOH- + nAlO2- = 0,5 mol=nHCl => VHCl = 0,5/2 = 0,25 lits
Bi 5. Cho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl 4M thu uc 5,6 lt H2 (ktc) v dung
dch D. kt ta hon ton cc ion trong D cn 300 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Th tch dung dch HCl dng
l
A. 0,1 lt B. 0,12 lt C. 0,15 lt D. 0,2 lt
Dung dch D c th l Mg
2+
, Fe
2+
,H+ (nu d). Dung dch to thnh cha Cl- phi trung ha in vi 0,6
mol Na => nCl- = nNa =0,6 mol = nHCl => V = 0,6/4 = 0,15 lt
Bi 6. Cho 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tan va ht trong 700 ml dung dch HCl 1M thu
uc 3,36 lit H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi NaOH du, lc kt ta v nung trong
khng kh n khi lung khng i thu uc cht rn Y. Khi lung Y l
Vi cch gii thng thng Vit PT ri t n th lm rt lu.
p dng phng php bt in tch th nhanh hn.
nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,3 mol => nHCl phn ng = 0,7 0,3 = 0,4mol
Theo LBT T: nO2-(trong oxit) = 1/2nH
+
(HCL)= 0,4/2 = 0,2 mol (AD 14-1)
CT 17: mFe = moxit m oxi = 20 0,2.16 = 16,8 g => nFe = 0,3 mol
AD S chuyn ha : 2Fe => F2O3=> nFe2O3 = 0,15 mol => m = 24g
Bi 7. Trn 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 1M vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8M thu uc kt ta A v dung dch D.
A. Khi lung kt ta A l
nAlCl3 = 0,1 mol => nAl
3+
= 0,1 mol ,mCl
-
= 0,3 mol
nNaOH = 0,36 mol => nNa
+
= nOH- = 0,36 mol
B. Nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch D l
A. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO2 0,6M B. NaCl 1M v NaAlO2 0,2M
C. NaCl 1M v NaAlO2 0,6M D. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO2 0,4M
Bi 8. Mt dung dch c cc ion sau : Ba2+ 0,1M ; Na+ 0,15M ; Al3+ 0,1M ; NO-3 0,25M v Cl- a M. Hy xc
nh gi tr ca a ?
A. 0,4M B. 0, 35M C. 0,3M D. 0,45M
p dng L BT T: 2nBa
2+
+ nNa + 3nAl
3+
= nNO3
-
+ nCl-
2.0,1 + 0,15 + 3.0,1 = 0,25 + a a=0,4M
Bi9. Mt dung dch c cha cc ion: x mol M
3+
; 0,2 mol Mg
2+
; 0,3 mol Cu
2+
; 0,6 mol SO
4
2-
; 0,4 mol NO
3
-
. C
cn dung dch ny thu c 116,8 gam hn hp cc mui khan. M l:
A Cr B Fe C Al D Mt kim loi
khc
AD LBT T: 3x + 2.0,2 +2.0,3 = 0,6.2 + 0,4 x = 0,2 mol
m mui = m cation + mannion = 0,2.M + 0,2.24 + 0,3.64 + 0,6.96 + 0,4.62 = 116,8 M =52 => Cr
Bi 10. Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+ , 0,03 mol K+ , x mol Cl- v y mol SO42- . Tng khi lng cc
mui tan trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Ga tr ca x v y ln lt l :
A. 0,03 v 0,02 B. 0,05 v 0,01 C. 0,01 v 0,03 D. 0,02 v 0,05
Nguoithay.vn
- 25 -
AD LBT T: 2.0,02 + 0,03 = x + 2y
m mui = 0,02.64 + 0,03.39 + 35,5.x + 96y = 5,435 Gii h ra x = 0,03 , y = 0,02
Bi 11. Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
( ktc).
Th tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150ml B. 75ml C. 60ml D. 30ml.
2nH+ = nH2 = nSO42- =nH2SO4 = 0,15 => V = 75ml
Bi 12. Thm m gam kali vo 300ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X.
Cho t t dung dch X vo 200ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c lng kt ta Y
ln nht th gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1; O = 16; Na = 23; Al = 27; S = 32; K = 39; Ba = 137)
A. 1,59 B. 1,17 C. 1,71 D. 1,95.
Bi 13.Ho tan hon ton 17,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M ( va ) thu c
dung dch A. Cho dn xt vo thu c kt ta ti a, lc kt ta ri nung ( khng c khng kh) n khi
lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?
AD (14-1):nOxi(trong oxit) = nH
+
/2 hay nHCl /2 = 0,4/2 = 0,2 mol
AD17: mOxit = mKL + mOxi = 17,5 + 0,2.16 = 20,7g
Bi 14: tc dng ht vi 4,64 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, v Fe2O3, cn
160 ml dung dch HCl 1M, dung dch sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH ly d, lc kt ta v em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c a gam cht rn. Gi
tr ca a l :Ging bi 6 Tm c nFe trong hn X => AD LBT NT
Bi 15:Oxi ha hon ton 14,3 gam hn hp bt cc kim loi Mg, Al, Zn bng
oxi thu c 22,3 gam hn hp oxit. Cho lng oxit ny tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th khi lng mui
to ra l AD17 tm nOxi(trong oxit),(AD 14-1) Tm c nHCl ,AD 16 tm c mui.
Bi 16 : Mt mu nc cng vnh cu c cha 0,03 mol
2
Ca

; 0,13 mol
2
Mg

0,2 mol
Cl
v a mol
2
4
SO

.
Ga tr ca a l : AD:n t + = n t -
Bi 17:Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+: a mol;
3
HCO
b mol;
2
3
CO

: c mol;
2
4
SO

: D MOL. to ra kt ta
ln nht, ngi ta dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng x mol/l. Lp biu thc tnh x theo a v b.
S: x = (a +b)/0,2.
AD:n t + = n t - , a + b = 2c + 2d m nBa
2+
= nCO3 - + nBaCO3(kt ta BaCO3, BaSO4)
nBa
2+
= nBa(OH)2 = (a+b)/2 => x = (a +b)/0,2.
Bi 18:(TSC 2007 Khi A): Mt dd c cha 0,02 mol Cu
2+
, 0,03 mol K
+
, x mol Cl
-
, v y mol
2-
4
SO . Tng
khi lng cc mui tan c trong dd l 5,435 gam. Tnh gi x, y l:
A. 0,03 v 0,02 B. 0,05 v 0,01 C.0,01 v 0,03 D. 0,02 v 0,05
Cch lm nh VD 3: x+ 2y = 2nCu
2+
+ nK
+
(n t + = n t - )
m ion trong dd = m cht tan trong dung dch , M ion = M nguyn t cu to nn ion
=> m mui tan = mCu
2+
+ mK
+
+ mCl
-
+ mSO4
2-
= 0,02.64 + 0,03.39 + 35,5x + 96y
Bi 19:Dung dch A: 0,1 mol M2+; 0,2 mol Al3+ , 0,3 mol
2-
4
SO
v cn li Cl-. Khi c cn dung dch A thu
c 47,7 gam rn. Vy M l: Tm nCl - :n t + = n t -
A. Mg B. Fe C. Cu D. kim loi khc
Bi 20: Dung dch X c cha x mol Al3+, y mol Cu2+, z mol
2-
4
SO
, 0,4 mol Cl- . Nu c cn ddX th thu c
45,2 gam mui khan. Nu cho NH3 d vo X, thy c 15, 6 gam kt ta.
Tnh x, y, z, S: x = 0,2 , y = 0,1 , z = 0,2 Gi : 15,6 l m Al(OH)3 (v Cu
2+
to phc)
Xem li phn NH3 nh. => nAl
3+
= nAl(OH3) = 0,2 mol (BT Nguyn t)
AD: :n t + = n t - 3nAl
3+
+ 2nCu
2+
= 2nSO4
2-
+ nCl
45,2 = mAl
3+
+ mCu
2+
+ mSO4
2-
+ mCl
-2
Gii h tm c y , z
Bi 21:Mt dd cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO3- v d mol Cl-. H thc lin lc gia a, b, c, d c
xc nh l:
A. 2a + 2b = c + d B. a + 2b = c + d C. a - 2b = c + d D. 2a + b = c + d
Nguoithay.vn
- 26 -
Bi 22:Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS2 v b mol Cu2S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung
dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 0,8 mol kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a v b l
A. a = 0,12; b = 0,06. B. a = 0,06; b = 0,03. C. a = 0,06; b = 0,12. D. a = 0,03; b = 0,06.
C1 : Bi ny lm tng t bi 41 phn Bo ton khi lng v ng t tm t l Gia a v b sau dng BT
e : AD BT Nguyn t S : nS trc p = nS sau p
Nh bi 41 => 2nFeS2 + nCu2S = 3nFe2(SO4)3 + nCuSO4
Bit 2FeS2 => Fe2(SO4)3 Cu2S => 2CuSO4 (Cn bng KL)
amol => a/2 mol b mol => 2b mol
2.a + b = 3a/2 + 2b b = a/2 a= 2b
AD BT e : FeS2 15e => Fe
3+
+ S
+6
, Cu2S 10e => Cu
2+
+ S
+6

15nFeS2 + 9nCu2S = 3nNO 30b + 10b = 3.0,8 b = 0,06 => a = 0,12
C2: Dng BT in tch cch lm nh BT nguyn t:
Dung dch A thu c l Fe2(SO4)3 v CuSO4 ( v bi cho)=> DD A c Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, SO4
2-
ADBTNT Fe: nFe = nFe
3+
=> Fe
3+
= a mol
ADBTNT Cu: 2nCu = nCu
2+
=> nCu
2+
= 2b mol
AD BT NT S : 2nFeS2 + nCu2S = nS (sau p) = nSO4
2-
= 2a + b
AD :n t + = n t - 2nFe3
2+
+ 2nCu
2+
= 2nSO4
2-

3a+ 4b = 4a + 2b a = 2b => AD BT e nh phn trn.
Bi 23.Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS2 v 0,06 mol Cu2S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c
dung dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v V lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
BaCl2 d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l : (Kt ta BaSO4)
A. 69,9 B. 41,94 C. 55,92 D. 52,2
Tm c nFeS2 ( NH bi trn) a =2b => nSO4(2-) = 2a + b
nBaSO4 = nSO4(2-) = 2 a+ b => m
dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 0,8 mol kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
Ba(OH)2 d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l. Da vo bi 22, 23
A. 94,5 B. 66,54 C. 80,52 D. 70,02
Kt ta BaSO4 , Fe(OH)3 , Cu(OH)2
Tm c m BaSO4 ging bi 23. Tm mFe(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2 na.
AD BT nguyn t Fe. nFeS2 = nFe(OH)3 , 2nCu2S = nCu(OH)2 Gii ra l c.
dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 2,4 mol kh NO2 l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
Ba(OH)2 d th thu c kt ta E. Nung E n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l:
Cht rn BaSO4 , Fe2O3 ,CuO
A. 89,1 B. 61,14 C. 75,12 D. 80,10
2,4 mol NO2 Thc ra l 0,8 mol NO (Khi p dng BTe th nh nhau)
a = 0,12 mol , b = 0,06 mol , nS = 2a + b = 0,3 mol
Dng BT NT : nS = nBaSO4 (M =233) , nFeS2 = 2nFe2O3 (M = 160), 2nCu2S = nCuO => m

Nguoithay Vnbaitapapdungphuongphapgiainhanhhoahocgiaichitiet 130418024328 Phpapp01

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nguoithay Vnbaitapapdungphuongphapgiainhanhhoahocgiaichitiet 130418024328 Phpapp01

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nguoithay.

Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

You might also like