How technology help us to solve problems

Using electronics to build a water alarm

 Water leak House unnatended

Problem


Automatic detection & alarm

 Water:
conducts electricity but in a minimal amount

How to: Basic idea

 Transistor It can control

with a small current a much larger current

How can I detect this minimal current?

Without water

With water

Battery Breadboard Resistors Transistors Wires

Components to be used

 Convert
stored chemical energy into electrical energy

Battery

 To simplify and reduce

the use of wires

To fix firmly
all the components

It does not require

soldering

Breadboard

 Its important
to understand the inside of this board

The white lines shows

how the holes are electrically conected with each other

Breadboard

 They serve as
current limiters protection for components

10 K = 10.000

Resistor values are indicated

by means of coloured rings

470 K = 470.000

Resistors

 Produce
A signalling sound to alert for a dangerous situation

Buzzer

 It is an amplification device By means of a small current

A much larger current is controlled

It has 3 pins:
Collector
Input of the principal current

Emitter
Output of the principal current

Base
Input of the smallest current

Transistor

 4 groups
Circuit diagram Components
1 battery 1 battery wire 2 transistors 1 resistor 1K 1 resistor 470K 1 buzzer 1 breadboard 2 wires

10 K

1 cup, water

470 K

Time to work

 Bend the pins

Preparing the components

 Insert firmly the pins into the holes

Mounting them on the board

 Insert firmly
Battery wires Buzzer wires Wires to test the water

Finishing

Lets start working