5. Chng trnh m phng Hysys 5.1.

Gii thiu v Hysys HYSYS la phan mem cua cong ty HyproTech cua Canada. Cac san pham cua HYSYS gom: HYSYS.Concept : Phan mem nay hp nhat viec tong hp chng cat va cong nghe bieu o ng cong cua phan can vi s lien ket vi cac d lieu nhiet ong hoc va d lieu hoi quy. Phan mem nay giup nang cao kha nang hieu ro ban chat qua trnh, nang cao kha nang phat trien cac s o phan tach mi va tnh kinh te cua chung HYSYS.Process: Phan mem thiet ke qua trnh nay co the dung e thiet ke qua trnh mot cach hieu qua, nhanh chong va chnh xac. Co cac cap o chi tiet khac nhau. De dang chuyen t mo hnh trang thai tnh sang mo hnh trang thai ong. HYSYS.Plant: Phan mem thiet ke cac phan xng cung cap kha nang mo phong trang thai tnh va trang thai ong. Cac ket qua coo chnh xac va o tin cay cao, vi cac chi tiet cu the ve cau hnh va cac thong so van hanh cua thiet b. HYSYS.OTS+ : ay la phan mem dung e ao tao van hanh nha may. No giup nang cao ky nang cua ky s van hanh, phat hien cac ieu kien ti han cua nha may. HYSYS.RTO+: ay la phan mem toi u hoa, cho phep toi u hoa hieu suat cua nha may va quan ly viec thay oi lu lng san pham. Cac phan mem cua cong ty SIMSCI hien nay cung kha a dang. Ve c ban hai phan mem Pro/II va HYSYS.Plant tng oi giong nhau ve ban chat. Neu a co dp tiep xuc vi ca hai, th de nhan thay mot ieu la mo hnh nhiet ong cua hai phan mem eu c xay dng tren cung mot nen tang ly thuyet. V vay ket qua se khong sai khac bao nhieu. Mac khac cac mo hnh thiet b cua hai ben cung tng t nhau. iem noi bat cua HYSYS

la giao dien than thien hn, tng thch vi nhieu he ieu hanh va cach truy xuat ket qua tot hn, giup cho ngi dung de oc va de phan tch hn so vi Pro/II. Mac khac nh ra i sau nen HYSYS a kp hieu chnh cac thieu sot cua Pro/II, HYSYS co nhieu mo hnh thiet b hn, kha nang tnh toan thiet ke cao hn, kem theo o la cac mo hnh thiet b ieu khien nh LIC. 5.2 Giao din ca Hysys La chn menu Start t Windows. Sau kch p chut vo biu tng ca Hysys, ca s mn hnh nn ca Hysys s xut hin.

Ch rng ca s ny c th c thay i kch thc. Kch vo nt Maximize phng to ca s ny. Lc ny c th to mt file m phng mi (chn File/New/ ), m mt file c (chn File/Open/), tu thuc vo dng file mun to hay mun m. 5.3. Mt s khi nim c bn 5.3.1. Gi cht lu Hysys s dng khi nim gi cht lu (the fluid package) cha ng tt c cc thng tin cn thit cho vic thc hin cc tnh ton flash v tnh cht vt l. S tip cn ny cho php chng ta nh ngha tt c cc thng tin (v cc gi c tnh, thnh phn, cc cu

t gi, cc thng s nh hng, cc phn ng, d liu dng bng,) bn trong mt kho d liu ring. C bn li ch chnh cho s tip cn ny: Tt c cc thng tin lin quan n nhau c nh ngha trong mt ca s ring, cho php d dng to v sa i thng tin. Cc gi cht lu c th c lu gi nh cc kho d liu c nh ngha hon chnh s dng cho bt c m phng no. Cc danh sch hp phn c th c lu gi ring bn ngoi cc gi cht lu nh cc kho d liu c nh ngha hon chnh s dng cho bt c m phng no. Nhiu gi cht lu c th c s dng trong cng mt m phng. Tuy nhin, chng c th c nh ngha tt c bn trong ca s chung Basis Manager. 5.3.2. Ca s Simulation Basis Manager Simulation Basis Manager l mt ca s hin th tnh cht, cho php chng ta to v thao tc vi nhiu gi cht lu v nhiu danh sch thnh phn trong mt m phng. Vic m cc mc ca Simulation Basis Manager cho php to cc danh sch hp phn mt cch c lp c lp nhng c th c kt hp vi cc gi cht lu ring trong trng hp cn thit. Mc u tin ca Basis Manager cho php chng ta qun l danh sch thnh phn s dng trong m phng ca chng ta. C mt s nt c hiu lc:

Nt View Add

Delete Copy Import

Export

Miu t Cho php chng ta xem hoc sa i thng tin trong ca s hin th tnh cht ca danh sch hp phn c la chn. Cho php chng ta to mt danh sch hp phn. Ch : Cc danh sch hp phn c th c tao thm thng qua ca s hin th tnh cht ca gi cht lu Loi b danh sch hp phn c la chn khi m phng To mt bn sao ca danh sch hp phn c la chn. Cho php chng ta nhp mt mt danh sch hp phn c nh ngha trc t a. Cc cc danh sch hp phn l cc file c phn m rng l .cml. Cho php chng ta xut danh sch hp phn c la chn ra mt a. Cc danh sch hp phn c th c ly li vo cc m phng khc bng vic s dng chc nng Import.

Chng ta c th s dng phm nng Ctrl B vo li ca s Simulation Basis Manager t bt k ch no trong d n m phng hoc l kch vo biu tng Basis Environment trn thanh cng c. Bn trong cha cc gi cht lu ang tn ti (Current Fluid Package), c mt s nt:

Nt View

Miu t Nt ny ch hot ng khi c mt gi cht lu tn ti trong d n. N cho php chng ta xem ca s hin th tnh cht ca gi cht lu c la chn. Add Cho php chng ta to v ci t mt gi cht lu trong d n m phng. Delete Loi b gi cht lu c la chn khi m phng Copy To mt bn sao ca gi cht lu c la chn. Mi th u ging y ht trong bn sao ngoi tr tn. iu ny c li cho vic sa i cc gi cht lu. Import Cho php chng ta nhp mt gi cht lu c nh ngha trc t a. Cc gi cht lu l cc file c phn m rng l .fpk. Export Cho php chng ta xut cc gi cht lu c la chn ra mt a. Cc gi cht lu xut c th c ly li vo cc m phng khc bng vic s dng chc nng Import. Mc Fluid Pkgs cho php chng ta ly v sa i thng tin t danh sch cc gi cht lu lin quan c trong s ging nh vic nh ngha mt gi cht lu. Vi cc phin bn trc y, Hysys cho php chng ta s dng nhiu gi cht lu trong mt d n m phng c lp bng vic kt hp cc gi cht lu vi cc s khc nhau v lin

kt cc s li vi nhau. Tuy nhin bt u t phin bn 3.0 ca Hysys chng ta khng cn mt nhiu thi gian cho cng vic ny. By gi chng ta dng thao tc ct dng kt hp nhiu gi cht lu trong mt s c lp. 5.3.3. Dng Trong Hysys c hai dng dng, dng vt cht v dng nng lng. Cc dng vt cht c mt thnh phn v cc thng s ging nh l nhit , p sut, v tc dng. Chng c s dng miu t cng ngh ca cc dng chy. Cc dng nng lng ch c mt thng s: dng nhit. Chng c s dng miu t cng sut cung cp cho hoc bi mt thit b ang hot ng. C mt lot cc cch nhp cc dng trong Hysys Phng php Cch thc hin S dng Menu La chn Add Stream t mc Bar Flowsheet trn thanh menu, hoc n vo phm nng F11 S dng M Workbook di chuyn n mc Workbook Material Streams. Nhp tn dng vo trong New. S dng bng T mc Flowsheet trn thanh menu, la ni chn Open Object Palette hoc n F4 m bng ni. Nhp p vo biu tng dng 5.3.4. Tnh ton Flash Hysys c th thc hin ba dng tnh ton Flash trn cc dng: P-T, Vf-P, v Vf-T. Ngay khi thnh phn ca dng v hai trong s cc thng s l nhit , p sut hoc phn hi c bit, Hysys thc hin mt tnh ton Flash cho dng, tnh thng s th ba. (Nu chng ta c gng nhp c nhit , p sut, v phn hi, chc chn s xy ra mt li). Hysys c kh nng tnh ton im sng v im bt. Bng cch ghi r phn hi l 1.0, v p sut hay nhit ca dng, Hysys s tnh ton nhit im sng hay p sut im sng. tnh ton nhit im bt hay p sut im bt, th phn hi l 0.0 v p sut hoc nhit phi c nhp vo. 5.3.5. Mn hnh ho (PFD) PFD l mt hin th ho ca s a hnh cho mt d n m phng. Ca s PFD hin th cc thit

b, cc dng v cc kt ni gia cc i tng. Chng ta cng c th gn cc bng thng tin hay cc ch thch cho PFD. Theo mc nh ch c mt ca s PFD. Tuy nhin, nu cn thit chng ta c th thm cc PFD hin th cc vng m chng ta quan tm. Mn hnh ho c thit k cho vic s dng chut v bn phm. C mt s chc nng m c chut v bn phm u c th thc hin nh nhau. Mt chc nng rt quan trng m bn phm khng th s dng c l s kim tra cc i tng. Chng ta c th thc hin nhiu kim tra v thao tc trn cc biu tng trong mn hnh ho bng chc nng kim tra i tng. t mi tn chut ln trn biu tng m chng ta mun kim tra v n nt phi chut. Mt danh sch thch hp hin ra ph thuc vo biu tng c la chn (dng, thit b, ct, dng ch thch). Nh mt hin th ho cho s ca chng ta, PFD ch ra cc kt ni gia cc dng v cc thit b, hay cn gi l cc i tng. Mi i tng c hin th bng mt k hiu hay mt biu tng. Mt biu tng dng l mt mi tn ch theo hng ca dng, trong khi mt biu tng thit b l mt hin th ho ca hnh dng thit b trong thc t. Tn hay nhn ca i tng xut hin gn biu tng. Ging nh cc ca s khc, ca s PFD c th c thay i kch thc. Cc chc nng khc chng ta c th thc hin trong khi PFD ang c kch hot bao gm: Nhp cc lnh v cc c trng t thanh cng c ca PFD M ca s tnh cht cho mt i tng bng cch kch p vo biu tng ca n. Di chuyn mt i tng bng cch kch v ko n n v tr mi. Truy cp nhanh cc thng tin tm tt bng cch ch con tr ln trn n. Thay i kch thc ca cc biu tng bng cch kch vo biu tng Size Mode, kch ln biu tng m chng ta mun thay i kch thc, sau kch vo ko. Hin th thanh menu cho tng thit b bng cch kch chut phi vo biu tng ca n. Thanh menu ny cung cp ng vo ti mt s lnh ph hp vi i tng c th.

Phng to, thu nh hay hin th tt c s trn ca s PFD bng cch kch vo cc nt gc di cng bn tri ca ca s PFD. 5.3.6. Workbook Workbook hin th cc thng tin v cc dng v cc thit b di dng bng, trong khi PFD l mt hin th ho ca s . Chng ta c th s dng Workbook nhp, hay sa i cc dng, thit b. Bng ch ra tn ca thit b, dng thit b, cc dng gn vo (nguyn liu v sn phm), c b qua hay khng, v mc tnh ton. Khi chng ta kch vo nt View UnitOps th ca s tnh cht cho thit b c la chn s xut hin. Hay c th kch p vo bt k no (ngoi tr Inlet, Outlet, v Ignored) lin quan n thit b th cng m ca s tnh cht ca n. Chng ta cng c th m ca s tnh cht ca mt dng trc tip t mc Unit Ops. Khi bt c Name, Object Type, Ignored, hay Calc. Level c kch hot, hp y ca Workbook hin th tt c cc dng gn vi thit b hin ti. 5.3.7. Template Mt template l mt s hon chnh m c lu vo a vi mt s thng tin thm lin quan n s nh mt s ph. Ni chung mt template i din cho mt qu trnh trong mt phn xng hay mt phn ca mt qu trnh. Template c lu gi sau c th c c t a v c th c ci t nh mt s ph hon chnh vi s lng cc m phng khc nhau l khng hn ch. Mt s li ch ca vic s dng template l: Cung cp mt k thut cho php hai hoc nhiu d n c th lin kt vi nhau. Dng mt gi tnh cht khc cho d n chnh m n mun nhp vo. Cung cp mt phng php thch hp ct cc d n m phng ln thnh cc thnh phn nh hn, d qun l hn. c to ngay lp tc v c th c ci t trong nhiu d n. 5.3.8. Object Palettle Object Palettle l mt bng mu ni cha cc nt m c th c s dng nhp cc dng hay cc thit b.

5.3.9. Tnh trng tnh ton Mt c trng ca PFD, cho php chng ta ch ra trng thi tnh ton ca cc i tng trong s . Thanh trng thi y ca ca s tnh cht cho mt dng hay thit b hin th ba trng thi khc nhau cho i tng: Thanh trng Miu t thi Trng thi Thng tin chnh cn thit cho mt i tng b thiu. Thanh trng thi mu , v mt tin cnh bo ph hp s xut hin. Trng thi Tt c cc thng tin chnh cn thit vng nh ngha c hin th, nhng dng hay thit b vn cha c tnh ton xong do mt hay nhiu t do khc c hin th (v d mt thit b lm mt nhit dng ra cha c bit). Thanh trng thi mu vng, v mt tin cnh bo ph hp s xut hin. Trng thi Dng hay thit b c nh ngha v xanh tnh ton xong. Thanh trng thi mu xanh, v mt tin OK xut hin. Khi chng ta ang lm vic trong PFD, cc dng v thit b cng c m mu ch ra tnh trng trnh ton ca chng. Vi cc thit b, vin mu en hin th tnh ton xong, cn mu vng hin th rng cha thng tin hon thnh tnh ton. Vi cc dng vt cht, mu xanh ti hin th tnh ton xong, cn mu xanh sng hin th cha tnh ton xong. Cn vi cc dng nng lng, mu ti ch ra rng bit cng sut, mu ta ch ra rng cha bit cng sut. 5.3.10. Databook Databook ca Hysys cung cp mt cch ph hp kim tra chi tit hn s dng ca chng ta. Chng ta c th s dng Databook theo di cc bin cha kho di mt trng thi ca cc qu trnh m ta tng tng ra, v hin th cc kt qu dng bng hay dng th. 5.3.11. S ph ca thp chng ct Thp chng ct l mt dng c bit ca s ph trong Hysys. Mt s ph bao gm cc thit b v cc dng, v s trao i thng tin vi s m qua cc dng c kt ni gia bn trong v bn ngoi. T mi trng m phng chnh, thp chng ct xut hin nh mt thp

c lp, mt thit b vi nhiu dng np liu v nhiu sn phm. Chng ta cng c th lm vic bn trong s ph ca thp. Chng ta c th lm iu ny khi mun tp trung s ch vo thp chng ct. Khi chng ta di chuyn vo trong mi trng ca thp, mi trng chnh s c giu i. Tt c cc hot ng ca mi trng chnh b ngng li n khi chng ta ra khi mi trng ca thp chng ct. Khi chng ta quay li mi trng chnh, mn hnh s xut hin tr li nh khi chng ta di khi n. Chng ta cng c th vo mi trng ph ca thp khi chng ta mun to mt nh dng cho thp theo mong mun. Cc thit b sn nh bm hi lu, stripping sn, thit b tinh ct sn c th c nhp t ca s tnh cht ca thp trong mi trng chnh. Tuy nhin nu chng ta mun ci t nhiu thit b hoc nhiu thp, chng ta cn phi vo mi trng ca thp. Khi trong , chng ta c th truy cp cc thit b ring ca thp (cc thp sn, thit b lm lnh, gia nhit, bnh ngng, ni ti un,) v xy dng thp nh mong mun. Nu chng ta mun to mt mu thp chng ct s dng cho cc m phng khc, trn Menu File la chn New command, v la chn Column sub-command. Bi v y l mt mu thp, chng ta c th truy cp vo mi trng ca thp trc tip t mi trng c s. Ngay khi chng ta to mt mu, chng ta c th lu tr n trn a. Trc khi chng ta ci t mt mu trong m hnh khc chc chn rng hp kim Use Input Experts trong ca s Session Preferences khng c kch hot. Vic c mt s ph ca thp cho ta mt s li ch: S cch ly ca tnh ton trong thp La chn s dng cc gi cht lu khc Xy dng cc mu C kh nng ng thi tnh ton trn nhiu thp 5.3.12. M phng dng du m M phng dng du m l th tc cn thit nh ngha mt dng du m trong Hysys. C ba bc chnh chng ta phi theo khi to mt du m: 1. c trng cc phn on 2. To cc cu t gi

3. Ci t du m vo trong s 5.4. Mt s v d m phng trong Hysys Trong phn ny chng ta s xt mt s v d m phng cc phn xng ch bin c bn trong nh my lc du, s dng chng trnh m phng Hysys. 5.4.1. M phng phn xng ch bin kh 5.4.1.1. Gii thiu Trong phn ny, mt dng kh t nhin cha N2, CO2 v t C1 n C4 c ch bin trong mt h thng lm lnh loi cc hyrocacbon nng hn. Kh kh, gy c to ra s n mt ng ng dn iu kin im sng ca hyrocacbon. Lng b loi khi kh giu s c ch bin tip trong mt thp chng ct loi propan, to ra mt sn phm lng vi hm lng propan nh trc. S cho qu trnh ch bin ny c ch ra di:

Dng nguyn liu c trn ln i vo thit b tch tch u vo, loi cc git lng ang tn ti trong dng kh. Kh ra khi nh thit b tch s c np cho thit b trao i nhit kh/kh, m n s c lm mt s b bi mt dng kh c lm lnh t trc. Kh sau khi c lm mt c np vo thit b lm lnh, s lm lnh su hn c thc hin qua thit b trao i nhit nh s bay hi ca propane (c biu din bi dng C3Duty). Trong thit b lm lnh, c m phng n gin ging nh mt thit b lm mt, cc hyrocacbon nng s ngng t ging nh kh thng phm cui cng i n mt ng dn hot ng iu kin im sng ca cc hyrocacbon. Dng lnh sau s c tch trong thit b tch nhit thp (LTS). Kh lnh, kh sau c a ti thit b trao i nhit kh/kh v sau bn, trong khi cc lng c ngng t c trn vi lng tch ra t thit b tch u vo.

Cc lng ny c ch bin trong ct chng ct loi propane to ra mt sn phm y c hm lng propane thp. Ngay khi thu c cc kt qu ca qu trnh m phng, chng ta s c hiu bit tng i tt v cc cng c c bn c s dng xy dng mt d n m phng trong Hysys. n lc , chng ta c th thc hin cc nghin cu tu chn c trnh by cui ca phn ny hoc bt u xy dng m phng ca chnh chng ta. Trong phn ny, ba thit b logic s c ci t thc hin cc chc nng nht nh m khng th c iu khin bi cc thit b vt l thng thng.

Thit b logic Cn bng

Chc nng trong s sao li thnh phn ca dng kh thng phm nhm tnh ton nhit im sng ca n p sut hot ng ca ng dn. iu chnh xc nh nhit yu cu ca LTS c th a ra mt im sng c ch nh trc ca kh thng phm. Bng tnh tnh ton cc gi tr nhit thc ca Hysys kh thng phm. Thit b cn bng s c ci t trong phn chnh. trong phn Optional Study, cc thit b iu chnh v thit b bng tnh s c ci t nghin cu nh hng ca nhit LTS n gi tr nhit ca kh thng phm. Hai cng c xy dng chnh, Workbook v PFD, s c s dng ci t cc dng v cc thit b v kim tra phn tch cc kt qu trong sut qu trnh m phng. C hai cng c ny u cung cp cho php chng ta la chn mm do trong qu trnh xy dng m phng ca chng ta v truy cp nhanh cc thng tin cn thit. 5.4.1.2. Xy dng m phng Chng ta s dng cc d liu cho trong cc hnh di y xy dng m phng ca phn xng tch kh. Cc d liu ca cc dng v cc thit b c cho trong bng:

5.4.1.2.1. S dng ca phn xng tch kh

5.4.1.2.2. S thp chng ct

Condenser Pressure 200 Psia Reboiler Pressure 205 psia Condenser Delta P 0 psia Condenser Temperature (estimate) Reboiler 40 F 200 F

Number of Stages Inlet Stage Vapour (estimate) Reflux Ratio

10 5

Rate 2
MMSCFD

Propane fraction in 2e-2

Temperature Liquid Prod (estimate) Trong phn ny, chng ta s dng cc thit b cn bng tnh ton nhit im sng ca dng kh thng phm (im sng tiu biu cho ng ng c ch ra l 15 F 800 psia). Sau s dng thit b iu chnh tng lng sn phm kh. V cui cng s dng bng tnh tnh ton nhit tr ca dng kh thng phm cc iu kin cng ngh khc nhau. 5.4.1.2.3. M phng ng hc m phng ng hc, cc kh nng ng hc ca Hysys s c kt hp cht ch vi m hnh phn xng ch bin kh trng thi tnh. Phn xng s ly hai dng kh t nhin khc nhau cha CO2 v C1 n n-C4 bng cch kt hp v ch bin chng trong mt h lm lnh n gin. Mt lot cc thit b tch v lm mt s loi b cc hp phn hydrocacbon nng khi dng kh t nhin, cho php n t c im sng yu cu. Cc hp phn lng nng hn ca dng kh c ch bin trong thp loi propane, to ra mt sn phm lng vi hm lng propane nh trc. Chc nng Dynamics Assistant s c s dng to cc thng s v p sut, lu lng v kch thc ca cc chi tit thit b trong s m phng. N cng c th t cc thng s v p sut v lu lng, kch thc thit b ca chnh chng ta v khng cn s tr gip ca chc nng Dynamics Assistant. Cc bc cn thit nhp chc nng ng hc cho mt m hnh phn xng ch bin kh trng thi tnh: 1. Thay i m hnh trng thi tnh m tn ti mt mi lin h v lu lng v p sut gia mi thit b trong s . 2. B sung mt tin ch nh gi a cho vic nh gi thp loi propane. 3. S dng Dynamics Assistant ci t cc thng s lu lng, p sut v kch thc ca thit b trong s m phng. 4. Ci t v nh ngha cc thit b iu khin thch hp. 5. Ci t Databook. To thay i cho cc bin cha kho trong qu trnh v theo di tc ng ng hc ca m hnh.

 thay i trng thi tnh ca s , cn phi nhp cc thit b nh van, cc thit b trao i nhit, hay bm, nh ngha cc mi lin h v dng v p sut gia cc thit b m cha c mi lin h ny. Trong phn ny, cc van s c thm vo gia cc thit b tch, trn v thp chng ct. Mt thit b gia nhit cng s c thm vo gia thit b trn v thp chng ct vi mc ch m phng ng hc. Vic ci t mt thit b gia nhit cho php chng ta thay i nhit ca dng nguyn liu vo thp chng ct. Cc van s c nhp cho cc dng vt liu sau: SepLiq LTSLiq TowerFeed LiquidProd vn hnh ch ng hc, thp v cc thit b lin quan phi c nh gi trc. Trong mi trng trng thi tnh, gim p ca thp c ngi s dng ch nh. Trong ch ng, n c tnh ton s dng cc tnh ton thu ng lc hc. S phc tp s tng ln khi chuyn tip t trng thi tnh sang trng thi ng nu p sut mt ct ngang trng thi tnh rt khc so vi p sut tnh ton c trong trng thi ng. Trc khi chng ta c th chy d n m phng di dng m hnh ng hc, t do ca s phi c gim xung khng bng cch ch ra cc thng s k thut v p sut dng. Cng cn phi nh gi cc thit b ang tn ti: cc van, bnh, thit b lm mt, v thit b trao i nhit trong s chnh v s ph ca thp. Cc thng s nh gi sau phi c ch ra cho cc thit b ny:

Dynamic Assistant s a ra cc li khuyn nh a hnh ca s dng nn thay i nh th no hay cc thng s k thut p sut dng no c yu cu chy mt d n dng m hnh ng hc. Thm vo n s ci t t ng cc thng s kch thc ca cc thit b

trong s m phng. Nhng khng phi tt c cc ngh m Dynamics Assistant a ra u phi tun theo. Dynamics Assistant c s dng : Nhp cc thng s p sut dng cho d n m phng nh gi cc thit b van, bnh, v thit b trao i nhit. Tip theo, chng ta s xc nh v thc hin cc vng lp iu khin s dng thit b iu khin logic PID. Mc d cc thit b iu khin ny khng c yu cu chy ch ng hc, chng s lm tng tnh thc t ca m hnh v cung cp tnh bn vng ca m hnh. PFD ca mi trng m phng chnh sau khi tt c cc thit b iu khin c nhp:

PFD ca s ph ca thp sau khi nhp cc thit b iu khin:

Sau khi m hnh sn sng chy theo ch ng hc, chng ta s to m dy cc th, gim st

xu hng chung ca cc bin cha kho bng cch s dng Databook. 5.4.2. M phng phn xng chng ct du th Trong phn ny, du th c ch bin trong mt phn xng phn tch to ra cc phn on naphtha, kerosene, diesel, atmospheric gas oil, v asmospheric residue. Du th trc khi c gia nhit (t mt dng c gia nhit s b a v t ni khai thc) l nguyn liu cho mt thit b tin tch hnh tr ng (pre-flash drum), hi c tch ra khi lng, m sau s c gia nhit trong mt l. Dng hi ra khi thit b tin tch b qua l gia nhit v c kt hp vi dng du nng t l gia nhit. Dng kt hp sau c np liu cho ct chng ct kh quyn phn tch. S chnh cho qu trnh ny c ch ra di:

Thp chng ct du th ging nh mt thit b hp th ngc dng vi ba thp stripping sn v ba bm hi lu lm lnh. S ph ca thp c ch ra nh di:

5.4.2.1. Miu t qu trnh V d ny m phng mt phn xng ch bin du th bao gm mt cm thit b trc phn tch c s dng gia nhit cho dng du th lng, v mt thp chng ct kh quyn phn tch du th thnh cc phn on ca n. Du th trc khi c gia nhit (t mt phn xng tin gia nhit) c np liu cho thit b tin tch hnh tr ng, c m phng nh mt thit b tch, hi c tch khi du lng . Lng sau c gia nhit n 650F trong l gia nhit, c m phng nh mt thit b gia nhit. Hi ra khi thit b tin tch khng qua l gia nhit m c ti kt hp, s dng thit b trn, vi dng du nng. Dng kt hp sau c np liu cho thp chng ct kh quyn phn tch. Thp chng ct du th c m phng nh mt thit b hp th ngc dng, vi ba bm hi lu v ba thit b stripping sn. Thp chng ct chnh bao gm 29 a cng vi mt thit b ngng t mt phn. Nguyn liu i vo a 28, trong khi dng hi nc qu nhit c np vo a y thp. Hn na, dng nng lng trim duty c np vo a s 28. Sn phm phn on naphtha, cng nh dng thi nc WasteH2O, c ly ra khi thit b ngng t ba pha. Cn kh quyn c ly ra t y thp.

Mi mt thit b stripping ba pha sn cho ra mt sn phm ct trc tip (straight-run product). Kerosene c ly ra t ni ti un ca thit b stripping KeroSS, trong khi Diesel v AGO (Atmospheric gas oil) c ly ra t dng sau khi c stripping v i ra khi thit b stripping sn DieselSS v AGOSS, tng ng. Hai cng c chnh xy dng m phng, Workbook v PFD, c s dng ci t cc dng v cc thit b v kim tra kt qu trong sut qu trnh m phng. C hai cng c ny cung cp cho chng ta mt lng ln cc la chn cho vic xy dng m phng, v nhanh chng truy cp cc thng tin cn thit. 5.4.2.2. Xy dng m phng To mt d n mi, sau vo phn session preferences. To mt h n v mi bng vic sao chp h n v Field, sau i tn thnh Field-Density. Sau thay i n v trong Standard Density t lb/ft3 thnh API_60. Tng t thay i n v trong Mass Density sang API. Trc khi nh ngha mt gi cht lu trong Hysys, chng ta s to mt danh sch cc cu t cho gi cht lu. Trong v d ny, danh sch cu t bao gm cc cu t phi du m, cc hydrocacbon nh v cc cu t gi. Trc tin chng ta phi nhp cc cu t phi du m v cc hydrocacbon nh t th vin cc cu t nguyn cht ca Hysys bao gm: H2O, C3, iC4, nC4, iC5, nC5. Mt gi cht lu bao gm cc cu t v cc phng php c trng tnh cht ca Hysys s s dng trong tnh ton ca n cho mt s c th. Ph thuc vo ci c yu cu, mt gi cht lu cng c th bao gm cc thng tin khc, nh mt c trng ca cht lu du m. Gi cht lu cho v d ny s cha mt gi tnh cht (Peng Robinson), cc cu t nguyn cht: H2O, C3, iC4, nC4, iC5, v nC5 v cc cu t gi m s c to ra trong c trng du m. Nu danh sch cc cu t c la chn c cc cu t khng ph hp vi gi tnh cht la chn, Hysys s m ca s cc cu t khng ph hp vi gi tnh cht. Trn ca s ny, chng ta s c cc la chn loi b cc cu t khng tng thch khi danh sch cc cu t hoc thay i sang mt gi tnh cht khc.

Nhim v tip theo l to v nhp cc cu t gi v danh sch cc cu t. Trong v d ny, chng ta s c trng du m (cht lu du m), s dng cc d liu v du m cho to cc cu t gi. Trong phn ny, chng ta s s dng cc d liu v du m trong phng th nghim nh sau:

Bc c trng du m trong Hysys c s dng chuyn t cc d liu phng th nghim sang cc cu t gi du m. Th tc m Hysys s dng chuyn d liu du m sang mt chui cc cu t gi du m bao bm 4 bc c trng chnh:

1. Da trn cc ng cong m chng ta a vo, Hysys tnh ton mt tp hp chi tit ton b khong ca cc ng cong lm vic bao gm: TBP, khi lng phn t, t trng v nht. 2. Tip theo bng vic s dng mt tp hp cc nhit phn ct c do ngi dng cung cp v theo mc nh, cc phn on tng ng cho mi cu t gi c xc nh t ng cong lm vic TBP. 3. ng im si (NBP), khi lng phn t, t trng v nht ca mi cu t gi c xc nh bng th t cc ng cong lm vic. 4. Vi mi cu t gi, Hysys tnh ton cc tnh cht ti hn v vt l t cc tng quan c chn la, da trn NBP, khi lng phn t v t trng ca cc cu t. Sau khi m phng xong du m ny, chng ta c th hin th s b cc phn b du m (oil distributions):

Cc phn on ny c th s dng kim tra, xc nh cc lu lng dng ca sn phm cho ct chng ct. V d, phn th tch ca lng Kerosene l 0.129. Vi 100000 bbl/ngy ca du th nguyn liu vo thp, sn phm Kerosene mong mun l 100000 * 0.129 = 12900 hay xp x 13000 bbl/ngy. Tip theo chng ta s ci t cc dng v cc thit b, da trn cc thng s cho trc. Nhim v cui cng l ci t thp chng ct du th. 5.4.2.3. Ci t thp chng ct

Hysys c mt s mu thp chng ct xy dng s b m chng ta c th ci t v s dng bng vic thay i tn dng gn vo, s a v cc thng s k thut mc nh, v nhp cc thit b ph tr. Mt trong s cc mu s c s dng trong v d ny (thp chng ct du th vi 3 thp stripping sn). ci t mt thp chng ct s dng mu thp chng ct du th c xy dng s b th: kch p vo biu tng Custom Column trn bng mu. Trn ca s xut hin, kch vo nt Read Existing Column Template. Cc mu thp chng ct c th s dng c s xut hin, c lit k dng file *.col trong th mc Hysys/template. La chn 3sscrude.col (3 side stripper crude column) v kch OK. Ca s tnh cht cho thp chng ct mi xut hin. Tuy nhin, mt thp hp th ngc dng c bn vi mt bnh ngng ton phn c ci t v s dng minh ho qu trnh ci t cc thit b ph tr cn thit. Khi chng ta ci t mt thp chng ct s dng mu xy dng trc, Hysys cung cp thng tin mc nh no , nh s a. c kch hot hin ti l # Stages (Number of Stages ), m ch bng vin dy bn trong ny. C mt s im khc c gi tr cn ch : l cc a l thuyt v hiu sut a mc nh trong Hysys l 1. Nu c mt, thit b ngng t v ni ti ung c coi l tch bit vi cc a khc, v khng bao gm trong # Stages. Thp bao gm 29 a l thuyt. Dng nguyn liu Tower Feed i vo a s 28. Sau la chn dng nng lng Trim Duty cung cp nng lng cho thp v cng i vo a s 28. Trong Bottom Stage Inlet la chn dng Bottom Stream nh l nguyn liu y cho thp. Trong nhm Condenser ca ca s Input Expert, dng bnh ngng mc nh l Partial. bn phi ca nhm ny, c 2 dng sn phm nh i ra, hi v lng. Trong trng hp ny, khng c dng hi nh, m c 2 pha lng (hydrocacbon v nc) c hin th trong bnh ngng. Sn phm lng hydrocacbon c gn vo Overhead Outlets, trong khi nc ly ra c gn s dng bng Optional Side Draws.

Mc d khng c sn phm hi nh, khng chuyn sang dng bnh ngng ton phn. Lc ny, ch c nt Partial cho php chng ta ch r l bnh ngng ba pha. i tn thp thnh Atmos Tower. Nhp dng sn phm y l Residue. Dng nng lng cho thit b lm lnh ngng t l Cond Duty Trn trang Pressure Profile nhp: p sut bnh ngng l 19.7 psia, gim p qua bnh ngng 9 psi, p sut a cui cng l 32.7 psia. Trn trang Optional Estimates nhp: nhit bnh ngng 100 F, Nhit nh 250 F, nhit y 700 F. Trn trang cui cng cho php chng ta cung cp cc gi tr cho cc c trng k thut mc nh ca thp m Hysys to ra. Ni chung, mt thp hp th ngc dng vi mt bnh ngng dng cc b c hai t do, nn Hysys s cung cp hai c trng k thut mc nh. Vi hai c im k thut ny, lu lng hi nh c s dng l mt c im k thut lm vic (thng s lm vic) ca thp, v t s hi lu ch l c tnh. Nhp lu lng hi nh l 0, v t s hi lu l 1.0 (n v th tch). Tip theo chng ta s nhp cc thng s k thut cho thp trn trang Monitor. im c bit chnh ca trang ny l n hin th trng thi ca thp khi n ang c tnh ton, cp nht thng tin vi mi vng lp. Chng ta cng c th thay i cc thng s k thut, kch hot hoc khng kch hot cc thng s trc tip t trang ny. Mt thp c bn c 3 t do. Hin ti, hai thng s k thut c kch hot, nn t do ton phn l mt. t do s tng ln cng vi vic thm cc thit b ph tr. t do hin ti l mt, m ch rng ch c hai thng s k thut c kch hot. Nh ni t u, mt thp hp th ngc dng vi mt bnh ngng cc b c hai t do, v do vy, yu cu c hai thng s k thut c kch hot. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ny, mt t do th ba c to ra khi dng Trim Duty c gn vo nh mt dng np liu, v dng nhit li cha c bit. Hysys khng to mt thng s k thut cho t do th ba, do vy chng ta cn phi nhp mt thng s v dng nc i

ra khi bnh ngng c gi l lu lng ca dng WasteH2O l thng s k thut th ba c kch hot. Trong phn tip theo chng ta s nhp cc thit b ph tr v quan st xem trang Connections s thay i nh th no. Trang Connections ging vi trang u tin ca ca s Input Expert. Hin ti, thp l mt dng chun, nn trang ny ch ra s ca thp vi tn ca cc dng c gn vo. Khi thit b ph tr c nhp vo thp, trang ny s b thay i. S thay i tu thuc vo dng v s lng ca cc thit b ph tr c nhp vo. Do vy, Hysys thay i trang Connections thnh dng bng. Ci t cc thp stripping sn Chng ta s ci t cc thp tripping sn trn mc Side Ops. Trn mc ny, chng ta c th ci t, hin th, s i hoc xo tt c cc dng ca thit b ph tr. Bng hin th thng tin tm tt cho mt dng c a ra ca thit b ph tr, ph thuc vo trang ang hin hu. Khi chng ta ci t thit b ph tr, n s thuc vo s ph ca thp. Chng ta c th xy dng mt thp phc tp trong s ph, trong khi trong s chnh, thp vn xut hin nh mt thit b n c. Sau chng ta c th truyn bt c thng tin v dng cn thit t s ph bng cch n gin gn dng sang s chnh. u tin chng ta s ci t thp KeroSS. y l mt thit b stripping ti un 3 a l thuyt vi t s un si bay hi l 0.75, nn la chn Reboiled trong nhm Configuration v t s si bay hi l mc nh. D liu phn b sn phm ct trc tip c tnh ton trong qu trnh c trng du m:

Phn th tch lng Kerosene l 0.129. Vi 100000 bbl/ngy ca dng nguyn liu i vo thp, sn phm Kerosene mong mun l 0.129 * 100000 = 12900 bbl/ngy hay xp x 13000 bbl/ngy.

Tng t nh vy chng ta c th ci t hai thit b stripping sn cn li DieselSS v AGOSS. Chng u l nhng thit b stripping bng hi nc, nn chng ta phi l chn steam Stripper trong nhm Configuration. Ca s sau khi hon thnh ca chng c dng: Mc d khng yu cu, nhng tn ca cc dng hi np vo trong nhng thp stripping ny ging ht tn ca cc dng hi to ra trc trong s chnh. iu kin ca cc dng hi np liu ny, m thuc vo trong s ph ca thp, vn cha c bit thi im ny. iu kin ca cc dng s chnh c sao li vo trong cc dng ny ca s ph khi s gn dng c thc hin. Vic thm cc thit b stripping to ra thm bn t do. Hysys to ra mt t do Prod Flow (product flow) cho mi thp tripping, cng vi mt t do Boilup Ratio cho thp tripping sn Kerosene. Kt qu l c tng cng 7 t do. Tuy nhin, hin ti, by thng s k thut ang c kch hot, nn t do ton phn bng 0. Ci t bm hi lu Mi bm hi lu lm lnh c hai thng s k thut lin quan n n. Cc thng s mc nh l lu lng lu thng v gim nhit (Dt) gia lng ly ra v lng quay li. Vi v d ny, thng s Dt c thay i thnh mt thng s k thut l cng sut lm lnh ca bm hi lu. Lu lng ca cc bm hi lu ln lt l 50000 bbl/ngy, 30000 bbl/ngy, v 30000 bbl/ngy. V cng sut lm lnh ln lt l -55e6 Btu/gi, -35e6 Btu/gi, v -35e6 Btu/gi. Mi bm hi lu to thm 2 t do. Cng nh vi thp stripping, cc thng s k thut cho bm hi lu c nhp vo trong danh sch v t ng c kch hot. La chn trang Connections. Trang Connections ca mt ca s tnh cht ca thp hp th ngc dng tiu chun ging ht vi trang u tin ca lot ca s Input Expert ca thp hp th ngc dng, vi mt s thp ch ra cc dng np liu v cc dng sn phm. Khi cc thit b ph tr c nhp vo thp tiu chun, tuy nhin, lm cho thp thay i. Do trang Connections s b thay i ch ra cc tm tt dng bng ca s thp, cc dng np liu v cc sn phm. Thp c tng 40 a l thuyt:

29 a trong thp chnh 1 bnh ngng t 9 a trong cc thp stripping (mi thp 3 a) 1 ni ti un cho thp stripping Kerosene Hon thnh cc kt ni cho thp Khi cc dng c gn vo thp trang u tin ca ca s Input Expert, Hysys t ng to cc dng vi tn ging nh vy trong s ph ca thp. V d, khi dng Bottom Steam c gn nh dng nguyn liu cho thp, Hysys s to mt dng trong s ph vi tn ging ht Bottom Steam. Trong bng Inlet Streams trn trang Connections, dng trong s chnh l External Stream, trong khi cc dng trong s ph s l Internal Stream.

Ch rng hai dng hi nc ca thp stripping, DieselSteam v AGOSteam, l Internal v External, ngha l c gn ti cc dng ca s chnh m c to t trc. Vi mc ch ca hng dn ny, khng yu cu xut dng nng lng ca bm hi lu PA_1_Q, PA_2_Q, PA_3_Q ra s chnh, nn cc External Stream vn cha c nh ngha. Nhp cc thng s k thut ca thp La chn trang Monitor ca ca s tnh cht thp t do by gi l khng, ngha l thp sn sng chy. Tuy nhin, trc khi chy thp chng ta s phi thay th hai thng s k thut c kch hot, lu lng WasteH2O v t s KeroSSBoilUp, vi cc thng s mi nh sau: Thng s k thut Overflash cho a np liu (dng lng thc trn a np liu) Thng s k thut cng sut ni ti un ca thp stripping Kerosene Khong thng thng cho lu lng hi l 3-5% tng lu lng np liu vo thp. Trong trng ny, lu lng ca dng nguyn liu 100000 bbl/day. Nn lu lng hi 3.5%, hay

3500 bbl/day. Do vy, ta nhp gi tr cho thng s Overflash l 3500 bbl/ngy. Gi tr cho thng s cng sut ni ti un (Kero Reb Duty) l 7.5e6 Btu/gi. Chy thp chng ct La chn trang Monitor hin th bng Specifications. t do by gi l khng, nn thp sn sng c tnh ton, tuy nhin mt gi tr cho tc dng sn phm ct (Naphtha) phi c cung cp trc. Thm vo , c mt vi thng s k thut m ang c kch hot, nhng chng ta li ch mun s dng lm gi tr c tnh m thi. To cc thay i cui cng cho cc thng s k thut nh sau: 1. Trong Specified Value cho Distillate Rate, nhp 2e4 (bbl/day) 2. Kch hot cc thng s: Overflash, Kero Reb duty, Vapour Prod Rate. 3. B kch hot cc thng s: Reflux Ratio, Waste H2O Rate, KeroSS BoilUp Ratio. 4. Kch vo nt Run bt u qu trnh tnh ton. Thng tin hin th trn trang ny c cp nhp sau tng vng lp. Thp s hi t nh ch ra hnh di: Mt ct vng nhit trong thp c hin th gc trn bn phi ca ca s. hin th mc ct p sut v dng la chn cc nt tng ng. Trong mc Performance, cc trang Column Profiles v Feed/Products hin th tm tt chi tit hn trn cc a. Trong nhm Basis gn trn nh ca s la chn nt Liq Vol kim tra dng hi v lng trn a theo n v th tch. 5.4.2.4. M phng ng hc Trong phn ny, kh nng ng hc ca Hysys c kt hp cht ch vi m hnh lc du trng thi tnh. Mt s phn tch n gin to ra cc sn phm naphtha, kerosene, diesel, atmospheric gas oil, v cn kh quyn t mt nguyn liu l du th nng. Trong trng thi tnh, du th gia nhit s b c np vo thit b tin tch ng tch du th lng khi hi. Du th lng c gia nhit trong mt l gia nhit v c kt hp li vi dng hi. Dng kt hp sau c np vo thp chng ct kh quyn phn tch. Phn ng hc ch xem xt cho

thp chng ct ny. Do vy, ton b phn gia nhit ng trc b xo khi s v ch cn thp chng ct trng thi tnh c chuyn sang m hnh ng.

Mc ch chnh ca phn ny l cung cp cho chng ta kin thc y trong vic chuyn thp chng ct ang tn ti trng thi tnh thnh thp chng ct trng thi ng. N cung cp cch thc chun b chuyn t trng thi tnh sang trng thi ng, tuy nhin, chng ta cng c th chn Dynamic Assistant ci t cc thng s p sut, kch thc cc thit b trong phn xng, v cc thit b cn thm vo trong s m phng. Trong phn ny s hng dn chng ta ton b cc bc nhp hm ng hc cho m phng lc du trng thi tnh. gip vt qua nhng th tc chi tit ny, cc ct mc sau phi c thit lp: 1. Thu c mt m hnh tnh n gin chuyn sang m hnh ng. 2. B sung mt tin ch tray sizing nh gi thp v cc thp stripping sn. (Trong qu trnh chun b cho vn hnh m hnh ng, thp v cc thp tripping sn v cc thit b xung quanh phi c c lng kch thc (nh gi). Trong m hnh tnh, gim p ca thp c ngi dng ch nh. Trong m hnh ng, n c tnh ton s dng cc tnh ton ng lc hc. S phc tp tng ln khi chuyn t trng thi tnh sang trng thi ng m

p sut mt ct ngang ca thp trng thi tnh rt khc so vi tnh ton trng thi ng. Cc hot ng lm lnh trong cc bm hi lu khng c ch ra vi tu chn l p sut dng v gim p, tuy nhin, mi thit b lm lnh phi c ch ra th tch chy chnh xc trong m hnh ng.) 3. Ci t v nh ngha cc thit b iu khin thch hp. (Cc thit b iu khin c th c nhp trc hoc sau khi chuyn sang m hnh ng. Cc vng lp iu khin cha kho c nhn ra v iu khin s dng cc thit b iu khin PID. Mc d nhng thit b iu khin ny khng c yu cu trong thit k chy trong mi trng m phng, nhng chng lm tng tnh thc t v tnh n nh ca m hnh.) 4. Nhp cc thng s p sut lu lng thch hp. (Trc khi c tnh ton, t do ca s phi gim v khng bng vic ci t thm cc thng s lu lng v p sut. Bnh thng chng ta to mt thng s lu lng - p sut cho mi dng bin ca s , tuy nhin vn c ngoi l. Mt thng s p sut lu lng c yu cu cho mi bnh ngng hay thp stripping sn gn vo thp chnh. Lut ny ch p dng nu khng c thit b no c gn cho dng hi lu ca bnh ngng hay dng ly ra ca cc thp stripping sn. Khng c cc thit b khc (bm, thit b lm lnh, van) nh ngha mi lin h v p sut dng ca cc dng ny, chng phi c ch r vi mt thng s lu lng.) 5. Ci t Databook. To cc thay i cho cc bin cha kho trong qu trnh v quan st cc tc ng ng hc ca m hnh. 5.4.3. M phng phn xng sn xut Propylene glycol 5.4.3.1. Gii thiu Phn xng ny s dng mt thit b phn ng c cnh khuy lin tc (continuously-stirred-tank reactor CSTR), propylen oxit v nc phn ng vi nhau p sut kh quyn. Phn ng l to nhit, nn mt tc nhn lm lnh c tun hon qua thit b phn ng duy tr nhit ca n. Sn phm ra khi thit b phn ng, bao gm propylene glycol v nguyn liu cha phn ng, c a ti mt thp chng ct. Trong thp , 99.5% mole glycol c to ra y, trong khi propylen oxit v nc c ly ra nh.

5.4.3.2. S cng ngh Hnh 1 a ra s dng ca phn xng sn xut propylene glycol. Trong bao gm: Cc dng v cc thit b, c biu din bng cc m hnh, nh ch ra trong s Cc dng kt ni gia cc thit b Bng tnh cht yu cu cho dng sn phm ra khi l phn ng

Cc dng nguyn liu propylene oxid v nc c kt hp vi nhau trong mt thit b trn. Dng ra khi thit b trn s c np vo mt thit b phn ng, hot ng p sut kh quyn, m propylene glycol s c to ra. Dng sn phm ra khi thit b phn ng c dn vo mt thp chng ct, tt c glycol c ly ra y ca thp. Dng nguyn liu Propylene oxit i vo c thnh phn v cc iu kin nh sau: Thnh phn Lu lng (barrel/day) H2O 0.00000 C3H6O (propylene 735.25 oxid) C3H8O2 (propylene 0.00000 glycol) Metanol 25.648 N2 0.00000 Tng 760.90000 Nhit : 75 F p sut: 14.7 psia 5.4.3.3. iu khin thit b phn ng trong s sn xut propylene glycol

5.4.3.3.1. Yu cu t ng ho thit b phn ng Vi s dng trnh by hnh 1, chng ta thy rng s c ba yu t chnh nh hng ti hot ng cng nh hiu sut ca bnh phn ng. Mt l, mc cht lng trong bnh phn ng khng c qu cao, nu qu cao c th dn n n bnh phn ng. Mc cht lng trong bnh c th c iu chnh thng qua van iu chnh lu lng ca dng ra khi bnh phn ng. Hai l, nhit ca bnh phn ng. Bi v phn ng xy ra l to nhit, nn cn phi c mt tc nhn lm mt tun hon duy tr nhit ca bnh phn ng mt gi tr t trc. iu ny c th thc hin c bng cc iu chnh van lu lng ca dng tc nhn lm mt. V cui cng l nng ca propylene glycol, sn phm mong mun, trong dng ra khi thit b phn ng. Nng propylene glycol cng cao cng tt, tuy nhin nu cao qu th hiu sut ca c phn xng s khng cao. V vy ngi ta tnh ton c nng ca propylene glycol trong dng ra khi bnh phn ng hiu sut ca phn xng t ti u. Mun t c nng propylene glycol theo yu cu ngi ta s iu chnh van lu lng ca dng propylene oxit i vo bnh phn ng. 5.4.3.3.2. T ng ho thit b phn ng trong s sn xut propylene glycol Chng ta s tip tc xem xt mt s iu khin cho thit b phn ng sn xut propylene glycol, da trn s dng trn. Hnh di ch ra ba thit b iu khin cho thit b phn ng. Nhim v ca chng nh sau:

CI C

LI C

TI C

Cc thit b iu khin s dng trong s : Thit b iu Nhim v khin iu chnh mc cht lng trong bnh Reactor LC (K phn ng bng cch iu chnh dng hiu LIC) ra khi thit b phn ng (dng Reactor Prods) Duy tr nhit ca thit b phn Reactor TC (TIC) ng bng vic iu chnh dng lm mt iu khin nng ca propylene glycol trong dng ra khi thit b phn Glycol Conc (CIC) ng (Reactor Prods) bng vic iu chnh dng nguyn liu propylene oxit (Prop Oxide) Mi mt thit b iu khin s a ra ba thng s chnh: PV, OP, v controller modes. Chng c gii thch nh sau: Thng s Miu t Thng s PV ch ra gi tr hin ti ca bin qu trnh, hoc bin c iu khin. V d, PV cho Reactor LC l phn PV trm mc cht lng trong thit b phn ng, chnh l gi tr ci t (Set Point) hin ti cho bin qu trnh. OP hin th gi tr hin ti u ra cho OP thit b iu khin theo phn trm. Ch ra dng iu khin l Automatic Controller Mode hay Manual. V d, thit b phn ng CSTR s c khi ng t iu kin ban u, vi cc th tc sau: 1. Cho nc vo y bnh phn ng n mc ci t trc. n lc , thit b iu khin Reactor LC s m van iu khin dng ra duy tr mc cht lng trong bnh phn ng. 2. T t np propylen oxit vo thit b phn ng, v quan st:

- Thit b iu khin Reactor TC duy tr nhit ca thit b phn ng - Nng ca propylyen glycol trong dng sn phm 3. Chuyn thit b iu khin Glycol Conc sang dng automatic duy tr nng sn phm gi tr ci t trc. Sau y s l mt s iu khin t ng ho khc cho thit b phn ng CSTR:
TI C

FI C

LI C

FI C