PHN I I: PHN TCH S KHI IN THOI DI NG Ni dung: S khi ca in thoi di ng, Nguyn l hot ng, Cc linh kin trong

ng in thoi di ng .
1. S khi ca in thoi di ng

2. Nguyn l hot ng

in thoi di ng c 3 khi chnh l Khi ngun Khi iu khin Khi Thu - Pht tn hiu

2.1 Khi ngun

A:Chc nng - iu khin tt m ngun - Chia ngun thnh nhiu mc ngun khc nhau - n nh ngun cung cp cho cc ti tiu th in p V.BAT cp ngun trc tip vo ba IC l IC ngun, IC cng sut pht v IC dung chung led. Khi ta bt cng tc ngun => tc ng vo IC ngun qua chn PWR-ON => M ra cc in p khi ng cp cho khi iu khin bao gm : + VK1 ( in p khi ng 1 ) 2,8V cp cho CPU + VK2 - 1,8V cp cho CPU, Memory v IC m m tn + VK3 - 2,8V cp cho mch dao ng 26MHz Sau khi c cp ngun, khi vi x l hot ng, CPU s trao i d liu vi Memory ly ra phn mm iu khin cc hot ng ca my, trong c cc lnh quay li iu khin khi ngun m ra cc in p cp cho khi thu pht tn hiu gi l cc in p iu khin bao gm : + VK1 (in p iu khin 1) Cp cho b dao ng ni VCO + VK2 Cp cho mch cao tn ch thu + VK3 Cp cho mch cao tn ch pht B:iu khin np b xung: Dng in t b xc i vo IC np v c CPU iu khin thng qua lnh CHA-EN np vo Pin, khi Pin y thng qua chn bo Pin BSI a v CPU m CPU bit v ngt dng np .

C:S hot ng ca khi ngun c minh ho nh sau

Bc1 : Lp Pin vo my , my c cp ngun V.BAT - Bc 2 : Bt cng tc ON-OFF , chn PWR-ON chuyn t mc cao xung mc thp . - Bc 3 : IC ngun hot ng v cho ra cc in p VK cung cp cho khi iu khin bao gm dao ng 13MHz, CPU v Memory - Bc 4 : Khi iu khin hot ng v truy cp vo b nh Memory ly ra chng trnh iu khin my . - Bc 5 : CPU a ra cc lnh quay li IC ngun iu khin m ra cc in p cung cp cho khi thu pht sng hot ng D:NHIM V CA KHI NGUN Cp ngun V.BAT (Ngun Pin) cho 3 IC n dng ln l IC khuch i +

IC Dung-Chung-Led.

Cc IC n dng ln c cp trc tip ngun Pin ( V.BAT ), khi ta lp Pin vo my, ngun + Pin lp tc i n cp ngun cho cc IC: K cng sut pht, IC Ngun, IC Dung-Chung-Led, tuy nhin ban u cha bt ngun, cc IC ny trng thi cha hot ng nn chng n dng rt nh ( vi mA )
2.2Khi iu khin

A: CPU. ( Center Processor Unit - n v x l trung tm ). CPU thc hin cc chc nng - iu khin tt m ngun chnh, chuyn ngun gia ch thu v pht - iu khin ng b s hot ng gia cc IC - iu khin khi thu pht sng . - Qun l cc chng trnh trong b nh - iu khin truy cp SIM Card - iu khin mn hnh LCD - X l m qut t bn phm - iu khin s hot ng ca Camera - a ra tn hiu dung chung v chiu sng n Led .

B: Memory ( B nh ) bao gm: - ROM :( Read Olly Memory ) y l b nh ch c lu cc chng trnh qun l thit b, qun l cc IC, qun l s IMEI, ni dung trong ROM do nh sn xut np vo trc khi in thoi c xut xng . - SDRAM :( Syncho Dynamic Radom Access Memory ) Ram ng - l b nh lu tm cc chng trnh phc v trc tip cho qu trnh x l ca CPU. - FLASH :y l b nh c tc truy cp nhanh v c dung lng kh ln dng np cc chng trnh phn mm nh h iu hnh v cc chng trnh ng dng trn in thoi , khi hot ng CPU s truy cp vo FLASH ly ra phn mm iu khin my hot ng. - Memory Card : Th nh dng cho cc in thoi i cao lu cc chng trnh ng dng , tp tin nh, video, ca nhc ... C:NHIM V CA KHI IU KHIN Cp ngun khi ng cho khi iu khin hot ng.

Ngun khi ng cp cho khi iu khin l ngun xut hin sau khi ta bt cng tc ONOFF ( Cng tc tt m my ) ngun khi ng l ngun gin tip i ra t IC ngun bao gm :

- VK1 : in p khi ng 1 => Cp cho b dao ng 26MHz hoc 13MHz to xung Clock cho CPU . - VK2 : in p khi ng 2 => Cp ngun cho IC Vi x l (CPU) - VK3 : in p khi ng 3 => Cp ngun cho CPU v Memory Khi c cp ngun, khi iu khin hot ng, CPU s truy cp vo b nh FLASH ly ra phn mm iu khin mi s hot ng ca my nh - a ra lnh duy tr cc in p khi ng . - Cho php mn hnh hin th - iu khin cp ngun cho khi thu pht sng - Kim tra d liu trn SIM Card V vy nu CPU hng hay b nh FLASH hng hoc mt dao ng 13MHz th khi iu khin s khng hot ng v khng a ra c cc lnh trn => kt qu l my khng m c ngun . Trng hp CPU v FLASH khng hng nhng li phn mm th my c th mt sng hoc khng a ra c giao din trn mn hnh .
2.3 Khi thu pht tn hiu

Khi thu pht tn hiu bao gm - RX l knh thu - TX l knh pht tn hiu A:Knh thu Knh thu c hai ng song song dng cho 2 bng sng - Bng GSM 900MHz c tn s thu t 935MHz n 960MHz

- Bng DCS1800MHz c tn s thu t 1805MHz n 1880MHz vit nam ch s dng bng GSM 900MHz v vy tm hiu v sa cha in thoi ta ch quan tm n bng sng ny, bng DCS 1800MHz nc ngoi s dng . Khi thu bng GSM 900MHz , tn hiu thu vo Anten i qua Chuyn mch Anten ng vo ng GSM900MHz => i qua b lc thu lc b cc tn hiu nhiu => i qua b khuch i nng bin tn hiu => i qua b ghp h cm to ra tn hiu cn bng i vo IC Cao trung tn . Mch trng tn trn tn hiu cao tn vi tn s dao ng ni to ra t b dao ng VCO => to thnh tn hiu trung tn IF => a qua mch khuch i trung tn khuch i ln bin ln cung cp cho mch tch sng iu pha. Mch tch sng ly ra 2 d liu thu RXI v RXQ >> Tn hiu RXI v RXQ c a sang IC m m tn x l v tch lm hai tn hiu => Tn hiu thoi c a n b i D - A ly ra tn hiu m tn => khuch i v a ra loa . => Cc tn hiu khc c a xung IC vi x l theo hai ng IDAT v QDAT ly ra cc tin hiu bo dung chung, tin nhn .. B:Knh pht - Tn hiu thoi thu t Micro c a vo IC m m tn. - Cc d liu khc ( thng qua giao tip bn phm ) a vo CPU x l v a ln IC m m tn theo hai ng IDAT v QDAT - IC m m tn thc hin m ho , chuyn i A - D v x l cho ra 4 tn hiu TXIP, TXIN, TXQP, TXQN a ln IC cao trung tn . - IC cao trung tn s tng hp cc tn hiu li sau iu ch ln sng cao tn pht . - Dao ng ni VCO cung cp dao ng cao tn cho mch iu ch

- Mch iu ch theo nguyn l iu ch pha => to ra tn hiu cao tn trong khong tn s t 890MHz n 915MHz => tn hiu cao tn c a qua mch ghp h cm => a qua mch lc pht => khuch i qua tng tin khuch i => a n IC khuch i cng sut khuch i ri a qua b cm ng pht => qua chuyn mch Anten => i ra Anten pht sng v trm BTS . - IC cng sut pht c iu khin thay i cng sut pht thng qua lnh APC ra t IC cao trung tn . - Mt phn tn hiu pht c ly ra trn b cm ng pht => hi tip v IC cao trung tn qua ng DET gip mch APC t ng iu chnh cng sut pht . APC ( Auto Power Control ) C:NHIM V CA KHI THU PHT Cp ngun cho khi thu pht sng hot ng.

l cc in p iu khin bao gm - VK1 in p iu khin 1 - Cp cho mch Thu sng - VK2 in p iu khin 2 - Cp cho mch Pht sng - VK3 in p iu khin 3 - Cp chung cho mch Thu & Pht sng

Khi khi iu khin hot ng v phn mm bnh thng, CPU s a ra cc in p iu khin quay li IC Ngun iu khin m ra cc in p iu khin cung cp cho khi thu pht sng . Nu khi iu khin cha hot ng th s khng c lnh quay li iu khin IC ngun m ra cc in p trn .
3. Cc linh kin trn in thoi di ng

IC Vi x l :

IC ngun :

IC SDRAM B nh FLASH

IC cao trung tn IC khuch i cng sut pht

Chuyn mch Anten B dao ng ni VCO

Thanh anh dao ng 27MHz ( in thoi s dng 26MHz)

Camera quay phim chp nh

Chung

M t rung

Mn hnh LCD

Cp tn hiu

II:Tn Hiu V Cu To Linh Kin Trong in Thoi Di ng

Ni dung: Bn cht ca in thoi di ng, Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng, B chuyn i tn hiu Analog - Digital, Mch iu ch v tch sng trong IC cao trung tn, Cu to ca IC khuch i cng sut pht, Cu to ca chuyn mch Anten.

1. Bn cht ca in thoi di ng

in thoi di ng ngy nay l s kt hp ca nhiu thit b - Mt chic Radio - Mt chic my pht sng cao tn - Mt my vi tnh - Mt Camera k thut s => Tt c c gi gn v thu nh trong mt thit b nh xu nm gn trong lng bn tay . Nu bn hiu c Radio, nu bn hiu c My vi tnh tc l bn tin gn ti chic in thoi di ng, v vy chng ti khuyn bn d dng tip cn chng trnh ny bn hy khm ph chic Radio v chic my vi tnh trc .
2. Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng

Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng Tn hiu m tn y l tn hiu m thanh sau khi i thnh tn hiu in, tn hiu ny c tn s t 20Hz n 20KHz, l tn hiu thu c sau Micro hoc tn hiu trn ng ra loa, tn hiu m tn l tn hiu Analog. Tn hiu s y l tn hiu ch c hai mc in p "khng c in - biu din bng s 0" v " c in biu din bng s 1 ", tn hiu m tn sau khi i qua mch chuyn i A - D s cho ra tn hiu s ( Digital ). Trong in thoi tn hiu s l tn hiu lin lc gia IC cao tn vi IC m m tn, ngoi ra tn hiu s l tn hiu x l chnh ca CPU v b nh Memory . Tn hiu cao tn

Tn hiu s c iu ch vo sng cao tn theo phng php iu pha to ra tn hiu cao tn pht, tn hiu cao tn pht c tn s t 890MHz n 915MHz. Tn hiu cao tn pht (TX) i ra t sau mch iu ch trn IC cao trung tn, chng c khuch i tng cng sut trc khi a ra Anten pht v tng i thng qua cc trm thu pht. 3. B chuyn i A-D v D-A (Analog <=>Digital Bn trong IC m m tn: Tn hiu tng t - Analog Tn hiu Analog l tn hiu trong t nhin sau khi i ra tn hiu in nh tn hiu m tn, tn hiu th tn ... tn hiu tng t c dng hnh sin .

Tn hiu Analog dng hnh sin Tn hiu s - Digital Tn hiu s khng c trong t nhin m y l tn hiu do con ngi to ra, tn hiu s ch c hai trng thi: - C in biu din bng s 1
- Khng c in biu din bng s 0

i tn hiu Analog sang Digital Mch ly mu :

 Tn hiu m tn c ly mu tn s khong 10KHz, trung bnh tn hiu thoi c tn s t 1KHz n 2KHz v vy mi chu k tn hiu c ly mu khong 5 n 10 im. Cc im ly mu s o c cc gi tr t nh nht l 0 n ln nht l 255 mc. V d trn o c gi tr ti cc im l:

A = 150 B = 240 C = 225 D = 80 E = 50 F = 140

Cc tn hiu ny s c i thnh tn hiu s (Bn xem li cch i trong chng "Tng quan" chng trnh Phn cng my tnh).

A = 150 = 1001 0110 B = 240 = 1111 0000 C = 225 = 1111 0101 D = 80 = 0101 0000 E = 50 = 0011 0010 F = 140 = 1000 1100 Mch in i tn hiu Analog => Digital

 Mch in i tn hiu Digital => Analog

4. Mch iu ch v tch sng bn trong IC cao - trung tn.

Mch iu ch cao tn Sau khi i t tn hiu Analog thnh tn hiu Digital, kt hp vi cc tn hiu iu khin t CPU sau tn hiu s c a vo mch iu ch cao tn. Mch iu ch theo phng thc iu pha, ti thi im tn hiu s i trng thi => s bin iu lm cho tn hiu cao tn i pha 180o.

iu ch theo phng thc iu pha iu ch thnh tn hiu cao tn pht

Mch iu ch cao tn theo phng thc iu pha nm trong IC cao trung tn => to ra sng cao tn pht Mch tch sng iu pha

Mch tch sng iu pha nm trong IC cao trung tn ly ra cc tn hiu s

5. Cu to IC khuch i cng sut pht.

Cu to ca IC khuch i cng sut pht ( trn ch v cho mt ng GSM) IC khuch i cng sut pht l mch tch hp nhiu Transistor, nu bn hc phn cng sut

m tn ca Radio trong in t c bn th vic phn tch nguyn l ca mch trn s khng c g kh khn., IC khuch i cng sut pht l linh kin c t l hng cao nht trong s cc IC ca in thoi di ng, khi hng chng thng lm chp ngun V.BAT ( chp ngun Pin )

6. Cu to ca chuyn mch Anten

Cu to ca chuyn mch Anten Chuyn mch Anten c mt u vo chung l Anten thu pht, u ra c th ng sang cc ng - TX-GSM y l ng pht cho bng sng 900MHz - TX-DCS y l ng pht cho bng sng 1800MHz - RX-GSM y l ng thu cho bng sng 900MHz - RX-DCS y l ng thu cho bng sng 1800MHz

 Chuyn mch s c iu khin ng sang mt trong 4 ng trn, c hai lnh iu khin chuyn mch l VANT1 v VANT2 xut pht t IC cao trung tn .

Khi hng chuyn mch c th gy mt sng, khi ta c th u tt qua chuyn mch th .

III:Cc mch c bn trong TD Ni dung: Tn hiu v mch Analog, Tn hiu v mch Digital . 1. Tn hiu v mch Analog

A: Tn hiu Analog .(tn hiu tng t) Tn hiu Analog l cc tn hiu trong t nhin sau khi i ra tn hiu in nh - Tn hiu m tn - Audio - Tn hiu th tn - Video Cc tn hiu ny c dng hnh Sin

Tn hiu Audio v Video l tn hiu Analog Tn hiu dao ng v tn hiu cao tn cng l tn hiu Analog B: Mch in Analog. (mch tng t) Mch in x l cho tn hiu Analog trong in thoi di ng bao gm:

 Mch lc Mch lc thng s dng cc linh kin L, C hoc R, C hoc s dng thch anh hay b lc Saw Mch lc c s dng lc b cc tn hiu khng mong mun, v cho tn hiu cn thit i qua . Trong in thoi mch lc c lp ngay sau Chuyn mch Anten knh thu hoc lp trc IC khuch i cng sut pht knh pht .

Cc mch lc L-C , Thch anh, Lc Saw Mch ghp h cm Mch ghp h cm c s dng chia mt tn hiu thnh nhiu ng hoc tng hp nhiu ng thnh mt ng. Trong in thoi mch ghp h cm c s dng tch tn hiu cao tn trc khi i vo IC cao trung tn.

Mch ghp h cm Mch khuch i bin Mch khuch i bin c s dng khuch i cc tn hiu yu thnh tn hiu kho hn, tn hiu c a vo chn B v ly ra trn chn C. Trong in thoi mch khuch i bin c dng khuch i tn hiu cao tn knh thu ngay sau cc b lc hoc khuch i tn hiu cao tn knh pht trc khi a vo IC khuch i cng

sut .

Mch trn tn Mch trn tn c s dng trn hai tn hiu nh Tn hiu cao tn (RF) vi Tn hiu dao ng ni (OSC) ly ra tn hiu trung tn (IF). Trong in thoi mch trn tn c s dng trong IC cao trung tn trn tn hiu cao tn vi dao ng VCO v ly ra tn hiu trung tn IF, tn s IF bng hiu hai tn s trn

Mch

trn tn

Mch khuch i v cng Mch khuch i cng l khuch i v dng cho tn hiu kho hn, tn hiu c a vo chn

B v ly ra chn E. Trong in thoi mch khuch i v cng c s dng trong mch khuch i Dung, Chung , Led, lnh iu khin ra t CPU c khuch i trc khi a vo thit b .

Mch

khuch i tn hiu chung

IC khuch i thut ton (OP- Amplier) IC khuch i thut ton rt thng dng trong cc thit b in t ngy nay, IC c hai ng tn hiu vo, mt ng ra, c mt n hai ng cp ngun, trong mt IC thong thng c rt nhiu OP- Amplier. Tu theo s thit k bn ngoi m IC c th c s dng to thnh mch dao ng, mch khuch i, mch cng tn hiu, mch i tn hiu Digital sang Analog v ngc li. Trong in thoi, cc mch khuch i tn hiu m tn ra loa v khuch i tn hiu Micro thng s dng IC khuch i thut ton.

S dng IC khuch i thut ton khuch i tn hiu m tn ra loa v khuch i tn hiu Micro Mch i D - A s dng IC khuch i thut ton Trong in thoi , tn hiu thoi c i t Analog sang Digital khi pht v c i ngc li t Digital sang Analog khi thu, cc mch ny thng s dng phn t OPAmplier thc hin trong cc IC m m tn .
2. Tn hiu v mch Digital A:Tn hiu Digital (Tn hiu s)

c im ca tn hiu s: - Tn hiu s khng c sn trong t nhin. - L tn hiu do thit b bin i m thnh. - Tn hiu s ch c hai mc in p l c (k hiu l 1) v khng (k hiu l 0) - Vic x l, lu tr v truyn tn hiu s n gin hn so vi tin hiu Analog v cho chnh xc cao hn rt nhiu. - Mt tn hiu: V d tn hiu m tn chuyn thnh tn hiu s ngi ta phi i t dng Analog sang Digital

Tn hiu s Digita

Trong in thoi di ng, tn hiu s l tn hiu x l ca CPU, l tn hiu nh trong Memory v l tn hiu giao tip gia hai IC l IC cao trung tn v IC m m tn. Mch x l tn hiu s gi l mch s, mch s thng s dng cc cng Logic. B: Mch x l s - Cc cng Logic

Cc cng Logic l thnh phn to nn cc IC x l tn hiu s nh CPU, IC m m tn v mt phn trong IC cao trung tn, bao gm cc cng sau : Cng AND Cng AND c tn hiu ra bng tch cc tn hiu vo

+ Cng AND nhiu ng vo

Ng ra c gi tr bng tch cc ng vo Cng OR

Cng OR c tn hiu ra bng tng cc tn hiu vo + Cng OR nhiu ng

 Cng NAND

Cng NAND c tn hiu ra bng tch cc tn hiu vo v o li

Cng NOR

Cng NOR c tn hiu ra bng tng cc tn hiu vo v o li Cng NOT

Cng NOT c tn hiu ra o li vi tn hiu vo IV:Cc m b mt thng s dng Ni dung: Cc m b mt trn my NOKIA . Cc m c bit trn my in thoi di ng

 Trong mt s trng hp my ca bn vn c song nhng bn khng th gi hay khng th nhn cuc gi, bn hy s dng cc m c bit tr v ci t gc ca nh sn xut, nu khng c bn mi quyt nh chy li phn mm . Khi bn mua my c, ch vi mt vi thao tc n gin l bn bit ngay my bn nh mua cn nguyn bn hay khng, b sa cha cha ?, sn xut t bao gi ? c phi l my chnh hiu khng ?... S IMEI m bn kim tra hy so vi s IMEI trn nhn sau Pin ca my phi trng nhau, nu khc nhau l my ca bn b thay th sa cha .

M _ ngha 12345 _ M ci t chun ca NOKIA *#06# _ Hin th s IMEI (ca tt c cc loi my) *#0000# _ Thng bo phin bn phn mm *#2820# _ Hin th a ch thit b Bluetooth *#92702689# _ M kim tra s Series ca sn phm, nu my b thay bo mch th khi bm m ny s khng hin th c s Series. Sau khi xem m ny bn phi tt ngun v bt li

*#7780# hoc *#7370# _ M s cho php bn khi phc cc ci t mc nh ca nh sn xut, khi nhn m ny bn phi nhp mt m ca b, thng thng mt m mc nh ca NOKIA l 12345, nu bn s dng my ci h iu hnh Symbial nh 3230, 7610, 7650 bn c th nhp m *#7370# tr li ton b my v trng thi ban u.

Ch : khi nhp m ny - Danh b in thoi s b xo .

*#7370925538# _ Xo ton b cc thng tin b mt trn my c bo v bng mt khu m khng cn bit mt khu, nu my hi th bn nhp mt m ca my ng xo.

*#67705646# _ M s cho php bn xo biu tng ca nh cung cp dch v nh Vinaphone hoc

Mobifone, chc nng ny ch c hiu lc vi my c mn hnh en trng .