http://www.sbv.gov.vn/portal/faces/vi/vim/vipages_trangchu/vbqppl/vbtracuu?_adf.ctrlstate=emc1c1bd4_4&_afrLoop=623670785729000&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowI d=138y6whd19_1#%40%3F_afrWindowId%3D138y6whd19_1%26_afrLoop%3D62367 0785729000%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D138y6whd19_129 D tr bt buc c th duy tr di dng tin mt ti qu cc NHTM.

Theo iu 14 Lut NHNN Vit Nam ban hnh nm 2010 th D tr bt buc l s tin m t chc tn dng phi gi ti NHNN thc hin chnh sch tin t quc gia, vi khi nim ny, ton b d tr bt buc buc phi gi ti NHNN. Trn thc t, ngoi tin gi NHNN, cc NHTM lun phi c d tr tin di dng tin mt p ng nhu cu rt tin thng xuyn ca khch hng. Nht l trong thi k lm pht cao, mc d d tr bt buc theo quy nh thng cao hn bnh thng nhng ngoi d tr bt buc th i ph vi lm pht, bn thn cc ngn hng cn phi i ph vi tnh trng rt tin bt thng ca khch hng, cho nn cc ngn hng cn phi d tr tin mt nhiu hn. Thc ra tin mt ti cc NHTM cng l mt dng d tr v mc d tr tin mt cng c tc ng n h s nhn tin ca ton h thng ngn hng khng khc g tin d tr bt buc gi NHNN. Nu khi tnh ton h s nhn tin gi kim sot mc m rng quy m tin gi ch cn c vo t l d tr bt buc gi ti NHNN s khng phn nh ng thc t ang din ra - h s nhn tin thc t s lun nh hn h s nhn tin d bo v nh vy, khi lng tin cung ng thc t thp hn so vi mc mong mun. D tr bt buc ch l yu t quyt nh h s nhn tin t trong d bo, d tr thc ca cc NHTM mi thc s quyt nh h s nhn tin trong thc t. Trong tc ng ca d tr bt buc i vi khi lng tin cung ng c th d dng nhn ra rng vic gii hn c th lng tin mi ngn hng mun a vo lu thng khng phi l vic kh, bi v mi ngn hng n l ch c th cho vay trong phm vi d tr ca n m thi. Trong khi , i vi c h thng ngn hng th vic tn trng gii hn trn tr ln bp bnh, cho d NHT c th thc hin tt vai tr pht hnh nhng li kh c th kim sot c mt cch chnh xc mc to tin ca ton h thng, bi l, ngoi t l d tr bt buc ra th kh nng to tin cn ph thuc vo mt s yu t khc. Mi ngn hng c nhiu l do duy tr d tr ca mnh mc cao hay thp, l: p ng nhu cu rt tin ca khch hng trong tng thi k; l do v s an ton cn phi cn nhc mi khi quyt nh cho vay; l do qun l n lnh mnh... Ngoi nhng gii hn xut pht t chnh bn thn ngn hng th nhng rng buc bn ngoi tc ng n qu trnh to tin cng rt ng k nh: nhu cu tn dng ca khch hng c kh nng hon tr; nhu cu giao dch bng tin mt trong nn kinh t... Mt trong nhng biu hin ca vn ny l s vt tri qu mc v d tr cc ngn hng so vi d tr bt buc, vi tnh trng ny s gn nh v hiu ha kh nng chi phi qu trnh cung ng tin ca NHT. V ngc li, trong trng hp nn kinh t c xu hng tng trng, cu v vn c xu hng tng, cc ngn hng tha mn nhu cu ny bng cch gim mc d tr hin hu v v th, khi cung tin t c m rng nm ngoi d kin ca NHT. V kh nng gy nh hng ca d tr bt buc l rt ln cho nn, mt mt, cn quan tm n nhng nhn t tc ng n qu trnh to tin c nhng ng x kp thi v hiu qu,

bn cnh , cng cn quan tm v tm ra phng php thch hp qun l d tr ni chung ca cc NHTM. D tr bt buc - cng c kh hiu nghim trong vic kim sot lm pht D nhin l cc cng c d l li sut, t gi, th trng m hay t l d tr bt buc... th vic s dng chng u nhm t c mc tiu ca chnh sch tin t, song mi cng c c c im ring v v th, n c nhng mt mnh v mt yu ring. Khc vi cc cng c khc, d tr bt buc l cng c lun c khuyn co v mc tc ng cc mnh ca n - lm thay i s ln khi lng tin cung ng cho lu thng nn phi s dng mt cch thn trng. Thn trng ngha l khng thay i mt cch t ngt vi mt mc ln ch khng ng ngha vi khng s dng, chnh trong khi khai thc n mt cch thn trng th y li l mt im mnh ca d tr bt buc. Nu quan st din bin ca t l d tr bt buc trong qu trnh iu hnh chnh sch tin t ca Trung Quc s thy c mc quan tm ca NHT Trung Quc i vi cng c ny trong vic kim ch lm pht. Ch ring nm 2010, Trung Quc iu chnh t l d tr bt buc ti 6 ln, ln gn nht trong nm ny c iu chnh vo ngy 20/12/2010, t l d tr bt buc c iu chnh tng ln 0,5% t mc 18,5% i vi nhng ngn hng c quy m ln. Thng 01/2011, ln u tin trong nm t l d tr bt buc c nng thm 0,5% (vo ngy 15/01/2011); ngy 18/2/2011, t l d tr bt buc li mt ln na c nng 0,5% i ph vi lm pht hin ang l 4,9%, nng t l d tr bt buc ln 19,5%. (www.xaluan.com). nc ta, ngn nga s tng trng tn dng qu nng nhm kim sot lm pht, t l d tr bt buc c iu chnh kh mnh vo nm 2007 (t 5% ln 10%) v nm 2008 - khi tnh hnh dn bnh n tr li, t l d tr bt buc c iu gim dn mt cch linh hot. Tuy nhin, gn nh sut nm 2009 v 2010, k c nhng thng u nm 2011 - lm pht khng cn l ni lo m l thc t ang phi i mt th t l d tr bt buc i vi VND vn khng thay i (Xem bng 01). Nn chng khai thc cng c ny mt cch thn trng kim sot lm pht, nng cao hiu qu iu hnh chnh sch tin t - iu chnh tng t t, khng cn to s bt ng v nu cn, vn p dng vic tr li cho d tr bt buc. S cn thit ca d tr bt buc D tr bt buc l mt phn s d tin gi cc loi m cc ngn hng thng mi (NHTM) phi d tr di dng tin mt hoc tin gi ti NHT. Trong hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh, cc NHTM s dng cc khon tin gi ca khch hng cho vay hoc u t mt cch kh linh hot. Nu nh cc khon cho vay u c thi hn, mt ngy hay cho vay qua m cng u c thi hn, thm ch thi hn c th cn ko di hn d kin v n hn thu n, c th ngn hng vn khng thu c n - trong khi , i vi ngun tin gi ca khch hng th cc ngn hng li rt kh khn trong vic kim sot thi hn,

ngay c khi gi tit kim c k hn th khch hng gi tin vn c th rt tin trc khi n hn; tnh trng tin cho vay ra cha thu hi v nhng khch hng gi tin li c nhu cu rt tin trc hn l hin tng lun c th... iu ny cho thy ri ro thanh khon lun l mi lo ca cc NHTM. Mt khc, trn thc t, thi hn cho vay cn di hn thi hn ca ngun tin gi, ni khc i l k hn gi tin ca mi loi tin gi khng phi lc no cng l c s xem xt v quyt nh thi hn cho vay, m ngn hng c th khai thc tnh n nh tng i ca tng s d tin gi khng k hn cho vay c thi hn, dng ngun tin gi thi hn ngn cho vay vi thi hn di hn... nn nguy c ri ro cao hn. Khi ri ro thanh khon xy ra, ngn hng mt kh nng thanh ton - cc khon tin gi cc ngn hng s nhanh chng bay hi, khng nhng th n cn lm bay hi gi tr ti sn v cc khon d tr ca ngn hng v theo phn ng dy chuyn th ri ro ny s lm chn ng ton h thng ngn hng. V th, nh mt kt qu cn phi c, cc nh phn tch ch ra rng cc NHTM phi d tr bt buc v y chnh l kho d tr lng tr gip cho cc ngn hng trong thi k hong lon. 1) Khi nim: Theo iu 1 Q 581/2003 Q NHNN ngy 9/6/2003. D tr bt buc l s tin m cc t chc tn dng hot ng ti Vit Nam phi duy tr trn ti khon tin gi thanh ton ti Ngn hng Nh nc.(sch vit hay hn) D tr bt buc l mt phn s d tin gi cc loi m cc ngn hng thng mi (NHTM) phi d tr di dng tin mt hoc tin gi ti NHT.( vit theo sch i) Phn loi vn cn thiu nn da theo sch nu thm D tr bao gm: + D tr s cp (Primary Reserves): bao gm tin mt, tin gi ti ngn hng NN, ti cc ngn hng khc + D tr th cp (Secondary Reserves): (cp hai) l d tr khng tn ti bng tin m bng chng khon, ngha l cc chng khon ngn hn c th bn chuyn thnh tin mt cch thun li. Thuc loi ny gm: . Tn phiu kho bc . Hi phiu chp nhn

. Cc giy n ngn hn khc 2) Vai tr ca DTBB:

3) Cn c xc nh t l DTBB: Loi hnh t chc tn dng - quy m, mc an ton ca mi ngn hng. Mc tiu chnh sch tin t. Tnh cht k hn ca mi loi tin gi - ty vo tnh cht k hn ca tin gi m ngha v d tr bt buc khc nhau; thng thng k hn cng di th mc n nh cng cao v ri ro thanh khon cng thp v v th, t l d tr bt buc i vi loi tin gi ny thng thp hn so vi loi tin gi c k hn ngn hn. Mc ca cc khon n - quy m ca cc ngun tin gi. Thng thng quy m ca cc ngun tin gi cng cao th kh nng ri ro cng cao v v th, t l d tr bt buc s t l thun vi quy m ngun tin gi. Loi tin gi khc nhau cng cha ng kh nng an ton thanh khon khc nhau nn NHT c th quy nh t l khc nhau cho tin gi ca cc ng tin khc nhau.

bn

Ngy ban hnh

C quan ban hnh

Trch yu Quyt nh s 2209/Q-NHNN ngy 06/10/2011 V li sut tin gi vt d tr bt buc bng ngoi t i vi t chc tn dng, chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi v li sut tin gi bng ngoi t ca Kho bc Nh nc ti Ngn hng Nh nc. Thng t s 27/2011/TT-NHNN Sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Quy ch d tr bt buc i vi cc t chc tn dng ban hnh km theo Quyt

2209/QNHNN

Ngn hng Nh 06/10/2011 nc Vit Nam

Ngn 27/2011/TT31/08/2011 hng NHNN Nh

nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 31/08/2011 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 17/07/2009 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 03/04/2009 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 24/02/2009 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 23/01/2009 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 31/12/2008 nc Vit Nam

nh s 581/2003/Q-NHNN ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2003 ca Thng c Ngn hng nh nc.

1972/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 1972/Q-NHNN V p dng t l d tr bt buc i vi cc t chc tn dng cho tin gi bng ngoi t ca cc t chc tn dng nc ngoi.

1681/QNHNN

Quyt nh 1681/Q-NHNN ngy 17 thng 7 nm 2009 v li sut tin gi d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam i vi cc t chc tn dng.

790/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 790/Q-NHNN ngy 3/4/2009 v li sut tin gi vt d tr bt buc bng ngoi t i vi t chc tn dng v li sut tin gi bng ngoi t ca Kho bc Nh nc ti Ngn hng Nh nc

379/QNHNN

V iu chnh t l d tr bt buc ca cc t chc tn dng.

174/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 174/Q-NHNN ngy 23/1/2009 v li sut tin gi d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam i vi t chc tn dng.

3281/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 3281/Q-NHNN ngy 31/12/2008 v li sut tin gi vt d tr bt buc bng ngoi t i vi t chc tn dng v li sut tin gi bng ngoi t ca Kho bc Nh nc ti Ngn hng Nh nc.

3162/QNHNN

Ngn hng Nh 19/12/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 19/12/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 03/12/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 03/12/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 20/11/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 03/11/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng 20/10/2008 Nh nc

QUYT NH s 3162/Q-NHNN ngy 19/12/2008 v li sut tin gi d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam i vi t chc tn dng

3158/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 3158/Q-NHNN ngy 19 thng 12 nm 2008 v iu chnh t l d tr bt buc i vi tin gi bng ng Vit Nam ca cc t chc tn dng

2951/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 2951/Q-NHNN ngy 03/12/2008 v iu chnh t l d tr bt buc i vi cc t chc tn dng.

2950/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 2950/Q-NHNN ngy 03/12/2008 v li sut tin gi d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam i vi t chc tn dng.

2811/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 2811/Q-NHNN ngy 20/11/2008 v iu chnh t l d tr bt buc i vi tin gi bng ng Vit Nam ca cc t chc tn dng.

2560/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 2560/Q-NHNN v iu chnh d tr bt buc i vi cc t chc tn dng

2321/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 2321/Q-NHNN v li sut tin gi d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam i vi t chc tn dng.

Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 25/09/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 29/08/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 16/01/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 16/01/2008 nc Vit Nam Ngn hng Nh 16/01/2008 nc Vit Nam Quyt nh s 2133/Q-NHNN ngy 25/9/2008 v li sut tin gi d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam i vi t chc tn dng.

2133/QNHNN

1907/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 1907/Q-NHNN ngy 29/8/2008 v li sut tin gi d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam i vi t chc tn dng.

187/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 187/Q-NHNN ngy 16/01/2008 iu chnh d tr bt buc i vi cc t chc tn dng.

187/QNHNN

Quyt nh s 187/Q-NHNN ngy 16/01/2008 iu chnh d tr bt buc i vi cc t chc tn dng.

187/QNHNN

iu chnh d tr bt buc i vi cc t chc tn dng.

T l DTBB i vi tin gi bng ng Vit Nam Khng k hn v c k hn di 12 thng K hn 12 thng tr ln

(1) 187Q-NHNN ngy 16/1/2008 2560/Q-NHNN ngy 3/11/2008 2811/Q-NHNN ngy20/11/2008 2951/Q-NHNN ngy 3/12/2008 3158/Q-NHNN ngy 19/12/2008 379/Q-NHNN ngy 24/2/2009 3% 5% 6% 8% 10% 11%

(2) 8%

(3) 4%

(4) 5%

(5) 4%

7%

3%

4%

3%

5%

1%

2%

1%

3%

1%

2%

1%

2%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

(1):

Cc ngn hng thng mi Nh nc (khng bao gm Ngn hng Nng

nghip v pht trin nng thn), Ngn hng thng mi c phn Ngoi thng Vit Nam, ngn hng thng mi c phn th, ngn hng lin doanh, chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi, cng ty ti chnh. (2): Ngn hng Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn. (3): Ngn hng thng mi c phn nng thn, Qu tn dng nhn dn trung ng, ngn hng hp tc. (4): . Cc ngn hng thng mi Nh nc (khng bao gm Ngn hng Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn), Ngn hng thng mi c phn Ngoi thng Vit Nam, ngn hng thng mi c phn th, ngn hng lin doanh, chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi, cng ty ti chnh, cng ty cho thu ti chnh.

(5): Ngn hng Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, Ngn hng thng mi c phn nng thn, Qu tn dng nhn dn trung ng, ngn hng hp tc.

T l DTBB i vi tin gi bng ngoi t

Khng k hn v c k hn K hn 12 thng tr ln di 12 thng Th1 187Q-NHNN ngy 16/1/2008 2560/Q-NHNN ngy 3/11/2008 2811/Q-NHNN ngy20/11/2008 2951/Q-NHNN ngy 3/12/2008 3158/Q-NHNN ngy 19/12/2008 379/Q-NHNN ngy 24/2/2009 74/Q-NHNN ngy 18/1/2010 1209/Q-NHNN ngy 1/6/2011 7% 6% 5% 4% 4% 3% 2% 1% 7% 6% 3% 2% 7% 6% 3% 2% 9% 8% 3% 2% 11% Th2 10% Th1 5% Th2 4%

750/Q-NHNN ngy 9/4/2011 1925/Q-NHNN ngy 26/8/2011

6%

5%

4%

3%

8%

7%

6%

5%

Th1: Cc ngn hng thng mi Nh nc (khng bao gm Ngn hng Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn), Ngn hng thng mi c phn Ngoi thng Vit Nam, ngn hng thng mi c phn th, ngn hng lin doanh, chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi, cng ty ti chnh, cng ty cho thu ti chnh. Th2: Ngn hng Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, Ngn hng thng mi c phn nng thn, Qu tn dng nhn dn trung ng, ngn hng hp tc. 4 )Phng php tnh DTBB cho k duy tr DTBB Vit Nam: Cn c vo iu 4 Q 581/2003 Q NHNN ngy 9/6/2003 D tr bt buc c tnh ton trn c s s d tin gi huy ng bnh qun ca tng loi tin gi phi d tr bt buc ti Hi s chnh v cc chi nhnh ca t chc tn dng trong k xc nh d tr bt buc v t l d tr bt buc tng ng c Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc quy nh trong tng thi k. Cn c vo iu 13 Q 581/2003 Q NHNN ngy 9/6/2003 1. D tr bt buc cho k duy tr d tr bt buc c tnh bng cch ly s d bnh qun cc loi tin gi huy ng phi d tr bt buc ca t chc tn dng (quy nh ti iu 12 Quy ch ny) trong k xc nh d tr bt buc nhn vi t l d tr bt buc quy nh cho tng loi hnh t chc tn dng v cho tng loi tin gi tng ng. 2. S d bnh qun cc loi tin gi huy ng phi tnh d tr bt buc trong k xc nh d tr bt buc c tnh bng cch cng cc s d tin gi huy ng phi tnh d tr bt buc cui mi ngy trong k em chia cho tng s ngy trong k. Lng ha bng cng thc:

V nguyn tc DTBB cho k duy tr DTBB c tnh nh sau: Mc DTBB = T l DTBB x S d bnh qun Ti khon thuc i tng DTBB k xc nh Trong : S d bnh qun Ti khon thuc i tng DTBB k xc nh = tng s d cui ngy ca cc ti khon phi DTBB( k xc nh) / s ngy trong k Theo iu 2 quyt nh 581/Q- NHNN ngy 9/6/2003: 1. K xc nh d tr bt buc l khong thi gian ca thng trc k t ngy 01 u thng n ht ngy cui cng ca thng. 2. K duy tr d tr bt buc l khong thi gian ca thng hin hnh k t ngy 01 u thng n ht ngy cui cng ca thng V d: 5) Phng php tnh DTBB thc t ti Vit Nam: Theo iu 14 Q 581/ Q- NHNN ngy 9/6/2003: 1. D tr thc t l s d tin gi bnh qun ca t chc tn dng gi ti Ngn hng Nh nc trong k duy tr d tr bt buc 2. D tr thc t c xc nh trn c s d liu in t v s d tin gi hng ngy ca t chc tn dng ti Ngn hng Nh nc do cc n v thuc Ngn hng Nh nc khi to, kim tra, truyn v x l. 6) X l tha thiu DTBB: iu 15-16quyt nh 581/Q- NHNN ngy 9/6/2003: a) Tha DTBB: Tha d tr bt buc l phn d tr thc t ln hn d tr bt buc trong k duy tr d tr bt buc Ngn hng Nh nc tr li phn tha d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam v ngoi t vo ti khon tin gi thanh ton ca Hi s chnh t chc tn dng theo li sut tin gi khng k hn do Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc quy nh trong tng thi k. b) Thiu DTBB:

Thiu d tr bt buc l phn d tr thc t nh hn d tr bt buc trong k duy tr d tr bt buc. Ngn hng Nh nc pht bng tin phn thiu d tr bt buc ca t chc tn dng nh sau: Trng hp t chc tn dng thiu d tr bt buc ln u trong nm s chu hnh thc x pht cnh co. Trng hp t chc tn dng thiu tin d tr bt buc ln th 2 tr i trong nm, Ngn hng Nh nc x pht bng tin phn thiu i vi Hi s chnh ca cc t chc tn dng nh sau: - i vi phn thiu d tr bt buc bng ng Vit Nam, t chc tn dng chu pht theo li sut bng 150% li sut ti cp vn ti ngy lm vic cui cng ca k duy tr d tr bt buc ca Ngn hng Nh nc i vi cc t chc tn dng, tnh trn phn thiu ht cho c k duy tr d tr bt buc - i vi phn thiu tin d tr bt buc bng ngoi t, t chc tn dng chu pht theo li sut bng 150% li sut la M trn th trng tin t lin ngn hng Singapore (SIBOR) k hn 3 thng c cng b vo ngy lm vic cui cng ca k duy tr d tr bt buc, tnh trn phn thiu ht cho c k duy tr d tr bt buc. 7) Tc ng ca d tr bt buc: D tr bt buc v tim nng tn dng ca cc ngn hng. Khi t l d tr bt buc thay i, n trc tip tc ng n ngun vn kh dng ca mi ngn hng. Vi tng s ngun tin gi huy ng c, t l d tr bt buc cng thp th phn chnh lch cn li - vn kh dng ca bn thn ngn hng ny cng cao, kh nng cho vay ra ca ngn hng cng ln v ngc li. Bn cnh , mi ng tc cp tn dng cho mt i tng no thng qua chuyn khon ca ngn hng - hot ng ny m ra mt ngun vn mi cho mt ngn hng k tip, s tip tc ca qu trnh ny chnh l qu trnh to tin ca h thng ngn hng lm

cho tng ngun c th cho vay ca ton h thng c nhn ln nhiu ln so vi s tin gi ban u, mc c nhn ln chnh l h s nhn tin. Qua cho thy, t l d tr bt buc c quan h cht ch vi ngun vn kh dng ca h thng ngn hng. Tuy nhin, vn kh dng ch th hin c tim nng tn dng, cn thc s n c lm cho khi lng tn dng tng ln hay khng li ph thuc vo thi sn sng cp tn dng ca cc ngn hng v nhu cu tn dng ca nn kinh t. D tr bt buc v li sut. D tr bt buc c th tc ng n li sut bng hai cch: Th nht, do d tr bt buc c th thu m rng hay thu hp tim nng tn dng cho nn li sut th trng cng v th m c th gim xung hoc tng ln. Th hai, hiu ng ca tc ng trn cng tng ln khi phn d tr bt buc ca cc ngn hng NHT khng c tnh li hoc mc li khng ng k. Khi d tr bt buc tng ln th li thu c t hot ng cho vay gim xung lm gim li nhun ca cc NHTM. iu ny c cc ngn hng khc phc bng cch iu chnh tng li sut cho vay trn th trng tn dng. D tr bt buc v khi lng tin cung ng Khi lng tin cung ng thay i l kt qu tt yu ca vic thay i tim nng tn dng, thay i li sut trn th trng, n cng l mc tiu cui cng m NHT mun t c khi iu chnh d tr bt buc. T l d tr bt buc s c nng ln nu NHT thc hin vic tht cht tin t, hng n mc tiu kim sot lm pht v ngc li, m rng tin t nhm khuyn khch u t, m rng sn xut, to thm cng n, vic lm cho ngi lao ng th NHT s h t l d tr bt buc. 6) Phng php qun l DTBB Khi qun l d tr bt buc, ngn hng TW c th p dng 1 trong 3 phng php sau: +Phng php phong to: Theo ton b mc d tr bt buc phi gi vo mt ti khon ti ngn hng TW v s b phong to m bo thc hin ng mc d tr.

+ Phng php bn phong to: Theo mt phn ca mc d tr bt buc s c qun l v phong to ti mt ti khon ring NHTW. + Phng php khng phong to: theo phng php ny tin d tr c tnh v thc hin hng ngy trn c s s d thc t v tin gi khng k hn v tin gi c k hn. Ton b mc d tr s khng b phong to, n c th tn ti di hnh thc tin mt hay tin gi ngn hng TW hay di dng chng khon ngn hn l tu NH thng mi, tuy nhin n cui mi thng, NHTW s kim tra vic thc hin d tr bt buc, nu cc NHTM khng thc hin ng s b pht (cnh co, pht tin nu ti phm). Qu trnh qun l DTBB ti vit nam:

Ghi tm tt mc 2.3.2 n 2.3.4 trong sch na nha