CHNG 5

K THUT X L NHIM KHNG KH - M THANH

5.1. TNH TI LNG NHIM T CC NGUN
Vic tnh ti lng nhim t cc ngun trong sn xut rt kh khn v cc loi ngun rt a dng v ph
thuc vo rt nhiu yu t khch quan nh loi my, cng sut s dng
5.1.1.1. TNH TI LNG CHT NHIM T L T NHIN LIU
Nhin liu nh : than , du DO, FO, gaz LPGl mt hn hp cc cht cc bon; nit; hy-dr; -xi; lu
hunh nc v phn khng chy (tro). C th tnh lng sn phm chy ca nhin liu bng l thuyt khi
bit thnh phn cc cht trong nhin liu:
Cp hm lng cc bon tham gia vo s chy trong nhin liu.
Hp hm lng hydr tham gia vo s chy trong nhin liu.
Np hm lng Nit trong nhin liu.
Op hm lng xi trong nhin liu.
Sp hm lng lu hunh tham gia vo s chy trong nhin liu.
Ap hm lng tro trong nhin liu.
Wp hm lng nc trong nhin liu.
Khi chy trong khng kh s xy ra cc phn ng ha hc sau:
C + O
2
= CO
2
+ 94,3 kcal.
C + O
2
= CO + 26,1 kcal.
2H
2
+ O
2
= 2H
2
O
S + O
2
= SO
2

N
2
+ O
2
= NO
2

T cc phn ng ta thy: Mi mol kh (hay phn t gam) xi tham gia vao phn ng vi mt mol N2 ; S ;
C.. to ra mt mol kh chy (hay vi 2 mol hydro to ra 2 mol hi nc). iu kin tiu chun, mi mol
kh bt k u c th tch l 22,4 lt. Nu xem rng phn ng chy nhin liu l hon ton (oxi va
chy ht nhin liu) ta c th tnh c th tch sn phm chy khi t 1 kg nhin liu. Lng khng kh
kh l thuyt t hon ton 1 kg nhin liu tnh theo phn ng ha hc nh sau:
( ) kgNL / 3 m
208
4 , 22
100 32
1000 O
100 32
1000 S
100 2 2
1000 H
100 12
1000 C
V
p p p p
kk

|
|

\
|

+


+

=



208 lng xi (lt) trong 1 m3 khng kh iu kin tiu chun (O
2
chim 20,8
% th tch).
22,4 th tch 1 mol kh iu kin tiu chun.
Lng kh chy sinh ra iu kin tiu chun
( ) kgNL / 3 m
1000
4 , 22
100 18
1000 W
100 32
1000 S
100 28
1000 N
100 2
1000 H 2
100 12
1000 C
Vspc
p p p p p

|
|

\
|

=

Lng nit v kh khc trong khng kh cp vo:
Vn = Vkk x 0,792 (m
3
/kgNL).
Vkhoi = Vspc + Vn + (k-1)Vkk
k H s tha khng kh ca bung t. k = 1,05 1,3. sau y l bng thng k h s tha khng kh
cho cc loi bung t.
Loi nhin liu v bung t k
Bung t than ghi th cng 1,3 ~1,7
Bung t than ghi c gii 1,2 ~ 1,4
Bung t than bt 1,2 ~ 1,25
Bung t du nng bng vi phun 1,08 ~ 1,2
Bung t kh t nhin bng m t c ngn la 1,1 ~ 1,15
Bung t kh t nhin bng m t khng c ngn la 1,03 ~ 1,05
C th tnh th tch sn phm chy theo cng thc sau:
Vspc = [8,865Cp + 32,0 Hp + 0,8 Np + 0,878Sp + 1,24Wp-2,63(Op-Sp)] x 10
-2

(m3/kgNL).
(Trn ngc Chn)









C th tham kho lng kh khi ta ra khi t mt vi loi nhin liu thng thng trong bng sau:
Lng kh khi
Loi nhin liu Trng lng
Kg/kgNL
Th tch
m
3
/kgNL
(KTC)
Trng lng
ring kh khi
KTC (kg/m
3
)
Lng khng
kh kh l
thuyt t 1
kg nhin liu
(kg/kgNL)
G m 20% 5,6 ~ 5,9 4,3 ~ 4,5 1,31 4,6
Than bn m 25% 5,5 ~ 6,5 4 ~ 4,7 1,38 4,9
Than 10 ~10,5 7,5 ~ 8,5 1,36 ~ 1,37 9 ~ 9,6
Than ci 8,1 ~ 8,6
Ma dt 14,9 11,3 1,87 14,3
Xng 15,9 1,3 14,9
Nng SO
2
sinh ra trong kh chy c th tnh theo l thuyt:
3 3
SPC
p
spc
2 SO
2 SO
m / mg 10
V
20 S
V
G
C

= =

Vi cc cht gy nhim khc, nng ca chng thay i ty theo ch chy, loi nhin liu nn
khng th tnh c bng l thuyt. Phi tnh thi lng ca chng theo gi tr trung bnh thng k (h s
pht thi).
5.1.1.2. TNH LNG KH R R VO KHNG KH T BN CHA, NG NG
C P
Trong thc t sn xut, rt thng gp cc thit b, ng ng cha gaz, kh cng ngh co p sut cao.
Kh cc mi ni khng tt s lm r r kh gas vo khng kh. Cng thc tnh lng kh gaz r r nh
sau:

Trong :
- H s tit lu, ph thuc vo bn cht cht kh gas, mc chnh p trong v ngoi thit b
Gn ng c th ly = 0,54.
v - Tc dng kh gaz r r qua khe (m/s). Tnh theo cng thc :


g Gia tc trng trng. g = 9.81.
- Trng lng ring ca kh gaz. (kg/m
3
).
s / m F v L
3

=
s / m
p g 2
v

=

p p sut tnh trong thit b, ng ng. (kg/m
2
).
F Tng din tch cc khe h.
Trong trng hp khng tnh c, c th tnh theo cng thc sau:

Trong :
- h s tnh n trng thi r r tng sau mi ln sa cha. = 1,5 ~ 2.
m H s r r, xc nh khi th kn ca h thng thit b. Tra bng.
Pk p sut lm vic bn trong thit b hay h thng. (kPa).
Vo Tng th tch h thng thit b. (m
3
).
M khi lng phn t ca cht kh gaz .
T Nhit kh gaz. (
O
K = 273 +
O
C).
Bng tra h s r r m.
Thit b Tnh cht kh gaz
Thi gian th kn p
sut lm vic (h).
m.10
2

c 24 0,1
Chy n 24 0,2
Bnh cha my nn pitton, thit b v
ng ng c p cha kh c v kh
chy n.
c v chy n 4 0,5
ng ng kh chy, c v kh t
c v chy 24 0,05
- Trong nh xng
Kh chy khc 24 0,1
c v chy 24 0,1
- Ngoi nh xng
Kh chy khc 24 0,2
5.1.1.3. TI LNG BAY HI RA T B MT THONG CA DUNG DCH HAY
CHT LNG
a- CC CHUN S NG DNG CA QU TRNH TRAO I NHIT V VT CHT
- Chun s Reinol: L chun s phn nh qu trnh chuyn ng ca cht lng.

Trong : v tc chuyn ng ca khng kh (m/s).
l Kch thc xc nh (m).
- nht ng hc ca khng kh (m
2
/s).
h / g
T
M
V p m 7 , 37 G
o k
=

l v
R
e

=

- Chun s phruda.

- Chun s acsimet.

t chnh lch nhit t im tnh ton ti khng kh xung quanh (txq
O
C).
- Chun s gracgoph:

Cho cht lng bay hi:


- h s dn n th tch theo nhit kh. = 1/ttb
t
tb
- Nhit trung bnh ca b mt bay hi v khi kh. (
o
C).
t chnh lch nhit t mt bay hi ti khng kh xung quanh (
o
C).

o
= o / g Mt ring ca khng kh xung quanh.

1
= 1 / g Mt ring ca cht bay hi trn b mt thong.
- Chun s Phrandt:
P
r
= /a =
cp
/
Chun s Phrandt khuch tn:
P`r = /D
B
325 , 101
273
t 273
D D
m
o

|

\
| +
=

Trong :
a = / cp - H s dn nhit . (m
2
/s).
- H s dn nhit ca khng kh kh. (W/m
O
C).
Cp Nhit dung ring ng p ca khng kh. (kJ/kg
O
C).
= / g Mt ring ca khng kh.
D
0
H s khuch tn phn t iu kin tiu chun.
m hng s. (tra bng Thit k thng gi cng nghip C3-5 trang 62 Hong Th Hin).

2
v
l g
r
F

=
( )
xq
2
r
t 273 v
1
t l g A
+
=
2
3
r
t l g
G

=
( )
2
1 1 o
3
r
l g G =

- Chun s Nuxen nhit:
( )
n
r r
P G c
l
Nu =

=

Chun s Nuxen khuch tn:
( )
n
r r
` P G c
D
l `
u ` N =

=

s / m
) C C ( F
G
`
o 1

=

Vi:
- h s trao i nhit ca dung dch v khng kh (W/m
2

O
C).
c v n h s.
G cng bay hi (g/s).
F din tch bay hi (m
2
_).
C
1
v C
o
Nng hi trn b mt v trong khng kh (g/m
3
).
b- BC HI CH KHUCH TN
Cng thc tnh cho ngun c kch thc nh, khng kh khng chuyn ng trn mt phn chia pha, tch
s Pr.Gr < 1 (c bit c th xut hin gi tr gii hn Pr.Gr 40) nh sau:

Trong :
D h s khuych tn (m
2
/s).
l kch thc xc nh. (m).
P1 v Po p sut ring phn ca hi trn b mt ngn pha v trong khng kh (kPa).
B p sut kh quyn (kPa).
= / g Mt ring ca hi bay vo khng kh.
Hoc theo cng thc:

Vi: C
1
v C
o
Nng hi bo ho trn b mt phn chia pha v nng hi trong khng kh.
Nu dung dch ng trong bnh c su t mp ti mt thong h (m) tnh lng bay hi theo cng thc:


h / g
B
P P
l D 10 2 , 7 G
o 1
3

=
( ) h / g C C l D 10 2 , 7 G
O 1
3
=
h / g
P B
P B
ln
h
F
D 10 6 , 3 G
1
o
3

|
|

\
|

=

Vi: F din tch mt thong (m
2
).
c- BC HI TRONG I LU T NHIN
c1- Bc hi trong ch chy tng:
Cng thc dng trong trng hp gi tr 2.10
2
< Gr.Pr` < (Gr. Pr`)gh.
- Khi bay hi t b mt ng: (Gr. Pr`)gh = 2,3. 10
8

( )
h / g
M
M
1
l 100
M D F 64 , 4
G
4 1
h
kk
4 1
4 5
h 1
2 1
d
|
|

\
|

=

- Khi bay hi t b ngang v hi nh hn khng kh: (Gr. Pr`)gh = 7,1. 10
5

( )
h / g 1
M
M
l 100
M D F 91 , 6
G
4 1
h
kk
4 1
4 5
h 1
2 1
d
|
|

\
|

=

- Khi bay hi t b ngang v hi nng hn khng kh: (Gr. Pr`)gh = 1,25. 10
9

( )
h / g
M
M
1
l 100
M D F 78 , 3
G
4 1
h
kk
4 1
4 5
h 1
2 1
d
|
|

\
|

=

M
h
khi lng phn t ca hi (B3-5 trang 62)
M
kk
Khi lng phn t ca khng kh.
c2- Bc hi trong ch chy ri:
c trng ca ch ny l lp khng kh trn mt thong ca dung dch chy trong ch ri. Khi
Gr.Pr` > (Gr. Pr`)gh. Phng trnh chun s Nuxen vi cc s m n = 1/3; C = 0,136 khi bay hi t mt
ng ; c = 0,18 bay hi t mt nm ngang vi hi nh hn khng kh v c = 0,09 bay hi t mt nm
ngang vi hi nng hn khng kh. Ta c cng thc tnh:
- Khi bay hi t b mt ng:
h / g
M
M
1 M D F 42 , 12 G
3 1
h
kk 3 / 4
h
3 / 4
1
3 1
d
|
|

\
|
=

- Khi bay hi t b ngang v hi nh hn khng kh:
h / g 1
M
M
M D F 42 , 16 G
3 1
h
kk 3 / 4
h 1
3 1
d
|
|

\
|
=

- Khi bay hi t b ngang v hi nng hn khng kh:
h / g
M
M
1 M D F 28 , 8 G
3 1
h
kk 3 / 4
h 1
3 1
d
|
|

\
|
=



d- BC HI TRONG CH I LU CNG BC
( ) h / g M F v 75 , 30 35 , 40 G
h 1
+ =

Vi: v Tc chuyn ng ca gi trn mt thong (m/s).
5.1.1.4. TA KH DO NP ACQUI
Acqui dng cho lu tr in thng gp l loi acqui ch. Trc khi dng ngi ta phi np in. Qu
trnh ny s sinh ra kh Hydr v axit sulfuaric. Lng kh hydr sinh ra tnh gn ng theo cng thc:
G = 9,44 . 10
-3
. E . n , g/h
Vi: E in dung ca acqui (A.h).
N s acqui cng np.
5.1.1.5. LNG BAY HI DUNG MI SN V CHT SN
Lng dung mi sn bay ln t mng sn b mt vt liu c sn tnh theo cng thc:






Trong :
A Lng tiu th sn trn 1 m
2
b mt vt liu. (g/m
2
).
m hm lng cht bay hi trong sn. (%).
F Tng din tch b mt c sn. (m
2
).
Z Thi gian sn kh. ( h).
G tng lng sn dng. (g).
a s cng nhn sn. (ngi)
n nng sut sn trung bnh. (m
2
/ng.ca).




) h / g (
Z 100
F m A
g

=
( ) h / g
Z 100
n a m A
g

=
( ) h / g
Z 100
m G
g

=

Loi sn v phng php sn A (g/m
2
) m (%)
- Sn khng mu bng chi. 200 92
- Sn mu v men trang bng my phun 180 75
- Cht ph Ni-t qut bng chi 100~180 35~10
- Keo Ni-t qut bng chi 160 80~5
- Sn phun 60~90 35

5.1.1.6. TNH TON TI LNG CHT GY NHIM QUA H S PHT THI
H s pht thi cht gy nhim l mt s biu th t l gia lng pht thi cht nhim vi mt n v
nhin liu tiu hao hay mt n v sn lng sn phm no (c ly lm thng s c trng). Nhng
s liu ny thng c cc c nhn v c quan theo di lu ngy v a ra. N c tnh chnh xc cao hn
nu xut pht t tnh ton l thuyt nhng cng khng cao nu ch t thc t sn xut. H s pht thi cht
gy nhim thng c dng cho cng tc d bo, thit k ban u.
Cng thc tnh ti lng cht gy nhim theo h s pht thi nh sau:
G = k . M
Vi: k - H s pht thi cht gy nhim.
M Thng s c trng.
Bng di y l mt s h s pht thi thng dng.
H s pht thi cht gy nhim ca phng tin giao thng.
H s pht thi (kg/ T nhin liu)
Phng tin Cng sut
Bi SO
2
NO
X
CO VOC
Loi nhin liu
t con 1.4 ~ 2.0 0,86 20.S 22,02 194,7 27,65 xng
t ti >3,5 T 3,5 20.S 20 300 30 xng
t ti <3,5 T 3,5 20.S 12 18 2,6 DO
t ti 3,5 ~ 16 T 4,3 20.S 55 28 12 DO
t ti > 16 T 4,3 20.S 50 20 16 DO
Xe but >16 T 4,3 20.S 50 20 16 DO
Xe my Hai th <50 cc 6,7 20.S 2,8 550 330 xng
Xe my Hai th >50 cc 4 20.S 2,7 730 500 xng
Xe my Bn th >50 cc 20.S 8 525 80 xng
Ch thch: S: hm lng lu hunh trong du DO ( 500 PPM) v xng (0,1%).

H s pht thi cht gy nhim ca l hi nhit in theo bng sau.
H s pht thi (kg/ T nhin liu)
Loi nhin liu
Bi SO
2
NO
X
CO VOC
Than 5A 19,5.S 9 0,3 0,055
Du FO 0,28 20.S 2.84 0,71 0,035

H s pht thi cht gy nhim trong cc phn xng rn, c, hn kim loi.
Loi cng ngh Loi cht gy nhim n v tnh H s pht thi
c gang Kh CO g/tn kim loi rt khun 500 ~ 1.000
c thp Kh CO g/tn kim loi rt khun 400 ~ 800
Rn khng c chp
ht khi
Kh CO g/kg nhin liu 30 ~ 45
Hn in Hi oxit mangan g/kg que hn 40 ~ 50

To nhit, m, CO
2
do ngi.
Nhit khng kh xung quanh (
O
C).
15 20 25 30 30
Mc
lao
ng
Q W W Q W W Q W W Q W W Q W W
Kh
CO
2

(g/h)
Nh 120 55 80 70 70 125 35 140 - 2235 45
Va 130 110 90 160 80 180 40 230 - 290 60
Nng 130 185 90 240 90 900 40 380 - 430 90

5.2. K THUT THU GOM CHT GY NHIM TI NGUN
5.2.1. T HT
N: l loi chp bao kn ngun pht sinh cht nhim bng vch cng, c ca a nguyn vt liu ra
vo, quan st v thao tc. Ngi thao tc ng ngoi t.
5.2.1.1 T HT T NHIN
- Cu to nguyn l thi kh.
- Lnh vc p dng: Dng cho ngun to nhit.
- Tnh lu lng ht.

h / m F Q h 114 L
3
3
2
h
=

h Chiu cao ca m (m).
F Tng din tch ca m (m
2
).
Q lng nhit tha sinh ra trong t (W).
5.2.1.2 T HT C KH
- L t ht dng qut ht kh ln cht gy nhim v thit b x l.
- Lnh vc p dng: Dng cho ngun to bi; hi kh c; hay kt hp nhiu loi.
- B tr v tr ht: Ht bi + kh nng b tr ming ht bn di thp. Hi kh nh b tr ming ht trn cao.
- Tnh lu lng ht:
h / m F v 3600 L
3
h
=

v Vn tc ht khng kh qua ca. (m/s). Nhn t v = 0,5 ~ 1,5 m/s.
F Tng din tch l ca (m
2
).
5.2.1.3. CC CU TO KHC
- T ht v xoy c trn bn lm vic.
- T ht trn ming np liu bn, b, boong-ke.
5.2.2. BUNG HT
- Bung ht c lm bao kn my hay thao tc cng ngh to nhiu cht gy nhim nh hi kh c
hay bi v d nh: Bung phun sn, phun bi lm sch vt c..
- C th khng c cng nhn hay c cng nhn trong bung.
- Bung ht c ming ht ngang :
Lu lng ht ca bung:
h / m F v 3600 L
3
h
=

v Vn tc ht khng kh qua ca. (m/s). Nhn t v = 0,5 ~ 1,0 m/s.
F Din tch l ca (m
2
).
Khi c cng nhn trong bung th phi b tr v tr lm vic trc gi ca ngun to cht gy nhim.
- Bung ht c ming ht di sn:
Lu lng ht ca bung:
h / m F v 3600 L
3
h
=

v Vn tc ht khng kh qua ca. (m/s). Nhn t v = 0,5 ~ 0,7 m/s. F Din tch sn (m
2
).

5.2.3. CHP HUT KH NNG
5.2.3.1. CHP HT TRN NGUN TA NHIT
- Cu to.
- Tnh lu lng.
h / m
F
F
L L
3
n
c
l h
=

h / m F Z Q 64 L
3
3
2
n l l
=

( ) W t t F Q
xq n n l l
=

( ) C m / W t t 5 , 1
o 2
3
xq n l
=

Fn din tch ngun to nhit (m
2
).
Fc din tch chp ht nhit (m
2
).
Ll Lu lng kh trong dng i lu (m
3
/h).
Z Chiu cao t ngun to nhit ti mp di chp ht (m).
Ql Nhit i lu (W).
tn Nhit ngun nhit (
o
C).
Txq Nhit khng kh xung quanh (
o
C).
l H s to nhit i luNhit i lu (W/m
2

o
C).
5.2.3.2. CHP HT MI UA TRN CA L NUNG
- L loi chp t trn cc ca l nung kim loi. La v kh l thng trn ra v p sut dng trong l.
- Vn tc kh khi ti ca l:
( ) s / m
p g 2
v
1
tb

=

- H s tit lu (= 0,6 ~ 0,65).
p - p sut dng trong l trung bnh:
( ) ( ) pa
2
h
p p
1 kk o
+ =

- Tnh khong cch t c l ti v tr giao ca tm lung kh nng t l ra vi mt ct di ca chp ht x:
) m (
A n 63 , 0
d m y
x 3
r
2
td
2


=


xq
xq 1
2
tb
td
r
t 273
t t
v
d 807 , 9
A
+

=

- Chiu su ming chp:
) m (
2
d
x l
x
+ =

) m ( x 44 , 0 d d
td x
+ =

- Chiu rng ming chp: B = b + 0,15~0,2) (m)
- Lu lng kh khi ht ht t chp:
) s / m (
t 273
t 273
L
d
x
0014 , 0
d
x
085 , 0 L
) s / m ( h b v L
) s / m ( L L L
3
1
xq
1
2
td td
xq
3
tb 1
3
xq 1
+
+

(
(

|
|

\
|
+ =
=
+ =

5.2.3.3. CHP HT TRN B L RN
- Cu tao:
- Tnh lu lng ht khi dng qut:
L
h
= (350 ~ 475). k.Gnl (m
3
/h)
Gnl Lng than tiu hao trong b. (kg).
k H s . k = 1 khi b c 1 la v k=1,5 khi b c 2 la.
- Nhit kh thi.
T
th
= (Gnl -3).n + 150 (
o
C)
n h s. n = 5,6 khi b c 1 la v n = 2,3 khi b c 2 la.
- Khi chp thi kh t nhin. (bng 4.3 [2]).
5.2.4. CHP HT HI C TRN THNH B
5.2.4.1. CHP HT TRN B CH NHT HAY VUNG
- Cu to:
L loi khe ht t dc trn thnh cc b to hi kh c dn kh ht c xung ng vn chuyn
ngm di t hay trn mt sn nh. Chiu cao khe thng l 100mm. chiu di sut dc thnh b. Gm
c cc loi:
+ Chp ht 1 bn: Dng khi B <= 0,7m.
+ Chp ht 2 bn: Dng khi B = 0,7 ~ 1,2m.
+ Chp ht 1 bn v thi 1 bn khi B = 1,2 ~ 2 m.
+ Chp ht 2 bn v thi gia b khi B > 2m.

+ Ming ht trn thnh c th c np hng dng tng cao hiu qu ht.
- Lu lng ht:
L
h
= L
o
. k
l
. k
d
. k
1
. k
2
. k
3
. k
4
(m
3
/h)
k
l
h s. K ti chnh lch nhit khng kh trong phng v nhit dung dch (tra bng).
k
d
- h s. K ti c ca dung dch trong b.
k
1
; k
2
; k
3
; k
4
H s tra bng theo cu to ca chp.
L
o
Lu lng khe ht:
Khi ch c khe ht:
( ) h / m l B H
l B
l B
53 , 0 1400 L
3
tt
3
1
tt
tt
tt
o

|
|

\
|
+
+

=

Khi kt hp thi v ht:
L
o
= 1200 . B
tt
3/2
. l (m
3
/h).
Btt Chiu rng b (m).
l - Chiu di b (m).
H
tt
Chiu cao t tm khe ht ti mt thong ca dung dch.
Lu lng khng kh thi:
Lt = 60 . B . l . kl (m
3
/h).
5.2.4.2. MING HT TRN B TRN (ht vng).
- Cu to:
- Lu lng ht ca b (ch cho cc b nng):
Lh = A . Ll (m
3
/h).
A H s t l. Tra biu [2] theo
H v y

D
y
y =

y Chiu cao ph hi kh c trn mt b. (tra bng [2]). (m).
D ng knh mt b. (m).
Chiu cao tng i ca khe ht
H
:
Khi trn khe c vnh chn:
( )
( ) m
D
b h 5 , 0 h 2
H
H B
+ +
=


Khi trn khe khng c vnh chn:
( ) m
D
b 5 , 0 h
H
H
+
=

hB Chiu cao t mt trn chp ti mp trn khe ht. (m).
hH Chiu cao t mt thong ti mp di khe ht. (m). hH 80 ~ 100 mm.
b Chiu cao khe ht. (m). b = (0,08 ~ 0,1D).
L
l
Lu lng dng i lu ti chiu cao y trn mt b:
( ) h / m y F Q 2170 L
3 2
dl
=

F din tch mt thong ca b (m2).
Q Nhit lng trong dng i lu trn b.
( ) W t F 26 , 3 Q
4
dd
5
=

t
dd
= t
dd
t
xq
(oC)
t
dd
Nhit dung dch trong b.
t
xq
Nhit khng kh xung quanh.
5.2.5. CHP HT BI
- Chp ht bi thng kt hp vi v che chn quanh ngun to bi khng cho bi v ph liu vng
bn vo vng lm vc ca ngi lao ng. i khi, chp ht bi cn kim v bc an ton cho thit b.
- Lu lng ht t chp phi m bo yu cu ngn khng cho bi bay ra mi trng qua cc khe h v
ca ca chp.
- Cng thc chung l: L = 3600 . v . F (m
3
/h).
v Tc gi ti cc khe h ca chp (m/s).
F tng din tch cc ca v khe h c trn chp (m
2
).
5.2.5.1. CHP HT BI TRN CC MY NGHIN
- Trn cc my nghin dng hm kp, trc nghin c chp ht bi trn ming np liu v trn phn x
liu sau nghin
- Vn tc ht trn cc khe h ca chp v 1,5 m/s nhng lu lng ht cho mi my khng nh hn
3.000 m
3
/h.
5.2.5.2. CHP HT BI TRN CC MY SNG
- Vi my sng quay (trng sng): L = 2500 . D (m
3
/h).
D ng knh trng sng. (m).
- Vi my sng rung phi lm chp ht che kn mt sng v lu lng khng kh ht ra sao cho vn tc ti
khe h v 1,5 m/s

5.2.5.3. CHP HT BI TRN CC GU TI
- Chp ht bi t cc gu ti thng t cui nhnh i xung hay u nhnh i ln ca gu ti (b - i)
c 2 nhnh ring bit. Trn nh gu ti ch t ming ht khi chiu cao gu ti H 4 m hay khi ng tho
liu ca gu ti thit k theo ch chy y ( vt liu cha y trong ng).
- Lu lng ht cho mi ming ht: L 3 . B 600 m
3
/h.
B Chiu rng gu ti (cm).
5.2.5.4. CHP HT BI TRN CC BNG TI NGANG
- Cc u bng ti ch cc vt liu sau nghin thng c bi do vt liu ri t trn xung bng ti. Vic
thit k cc bng nghing hn ch tc ri ca vt liu s lm gim ng k bi pht sinh. Gc nghing
ph thuc vo gc trt ca vt liu, theo kinh nghim, gc nghing 45
O
.
- Chp ht c thit k bao bc kn u bng ti rt liu v nhn liu. Ngay ca vo v ra liu nn c
rm cao su gim bt lu lng ht.
- Lu lng ht ra t u bng ti sao cho t mc h p trong chp P = 6~12 Pa nh trong bng 4.11 [2].
Hay tc trong khe ca chp nm trong gii hn:
V
k
= 3 ~ 4 m/s.
Khi lu lng kh ht t chp:
L
c
= 3600 . v
k
. F (m
3
/h).
F tng din tch cc ca v khe h c trn chp (m
2
).
5.2.5.5. CHP HT TRN MY MI, MY CA G
- Chp ht bng kim loi bao kn a mi v kim chc nng v bo v - an tpn cho cng nhn, ch h
phn thao tc cn thit.
- Ming ht trn chp c xu hng t ni dng bi phun ti theo qun tnh.
- Vn tc ht trn khe h ca v chp nhn nh sau:
v
k
= k . v
b
= k . 3.14 . D . n / 60 (m/s).
D ng knh a ca hay mi. (m).
n Tc quay ca a ca hay mi. (v/ph)
k h s. k = 0,25 khi dng bi hng vo ming ht.
k = 0,3 khi dng bi hng song song vi ming ht.





5.2.6. CHP HT KT HP RM KHNG KH
5.2.6.1. CHP HT RM PHNG
- Lu lng khng kh thi ca rm:
( ) ( ) h / m S b l
v
v
m
3600
L
3 2 / 1
min
t
=

- Lu lng khng kh ht ca chp:
) h / m ( L S l
v
v
740 L
3
h
min
h
=

m h s tt dn ca lung thi.
m = 2,5 khi lung thi trong khng gian t do.
m = 2,75 khi lung thi trt trn b mt phng hay mt nc.
v
min
= 7 . v
xq
vn tc nh nht ca khe thi gi. (m/s).
v
xq
Vn tc gi ngang trong mi trng. (m/s).
__
V - Vn tc tng i . Tra bng 4.13 [2] theo t s gia chiu rng khe thi b v chiu rng b B.
l Chiu di b. (m).
Lh Lu lng ht tng i. tra bng 4.12 [2] theo theo t s b gia chiu rng khe thi b v chiu rng
b B.
S Khong cch gia tm ming thi v tm chp ht. (m).
( ) m
2
B
Z S
2
2
|

\
|
+ =

Z chiu cao t tm khe ht ti tm chp ht. (m).
5.2.6.2. RM PHNG CHP HT TRN THNH B
- Dng khi tnh ming ht v thi trn hai thnh b i din c mt thong gn st mp thnh b.
- Cng thc tnh cho b c gi tr t s gia khong cch t mt thong ti mp trn thnh b h v chiu
rng mt b B l :
h/B 0,15
Lu lng khng kh thi:
( ) h / m l B b
v
v
m
2550
L
3 2 / 1
1
min
t
=



Lu lng khng kh ht:
h / m l B c
v
v
L 370 L
3
v
min
h t
=

v
min
vn tc nh nht ca khe thi gi. (m/s). Tra bng theo khong cch t ming ht ti ming thi x
v hiu nhit gia dung dch trong b td v nhit khng kh xung quanh t
xq
.
t = (td txq) (
O
C).
m h s tt dn ca lung thi.
m = 2,5 khi lung thi trong khng gian t do.
m = 2,75 khi lung thi trt trn b mt phng hay mt nc.
__
V - Vn tc nh nht tng i. Tra bng 4.13 [2] theo t s gia chiu rng khe thi b v chiu rng b
B.
b1 Chiu rng nh nht ca khe thi. (m).
l chiu di b. (m).
c
v
h s k ti s chuyn ng ca khng kh xung quanh.
min
xq
v
v
v
1 c + =

5.2.6.3. RM PHNG TRN MT B SU CHP HT TRN THNH
- Nhn chiu rng khe thi gi b1 = 0,01 ~ 0,03 m.
- Xc nh t s (B/h) gia chiu rng b B v chiu cao t trc khe thi ti mt thong ca b h bng
cch tra bng theo t s b1/B v gc gia trc lung thi v phng ngang. (bng 4.16 [2]).
- Lu lng khng kh thi qua khe:
( ) ) h / m ( l b B v 1322 L
3 2 / 1
1 min t
=

v
min
vn tc trn trc ca lung gi thi ti khong cch bng chiu rng B. (m/s).
s / m
B
h
c v
3 / 1
1 min
|

\
|
=

c
1
h s ph thuc nhit trong b.(tra bng).
- Lu lng khng kh ht:
( ) h / m
b
B
32 , 0 6 , 0 L L
3
2 / 1
1
t h
(
(

|
|

\
|
+ =

- Nhn vn tc ti ming ht vh = (1~2) . vmin , ta tnh c chiu cao ming ht trn thnh.