Đư NG Nha

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang
Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
I. NGUYEN LIEU.............................................................................5
1. S lc ve khoai lang................................................................5
2. Phan loai khoai lang..................................................................5
3. Mua vu.......................................................................................6
4. Thanh phan hoa hoc va gia tr dinh dng.....................6
5.Bao quan.................................................................................11
6. Tieu chuan cua khoai lang trong san xuat ng nha. . .12
II. QUI TRNH CONG NGHE.............................................................
III. THUYET MINH QUI TRNH CONG NGHE...........................13
1. Ngam........................................................................................13
1.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................13
1.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................13
1.3. Phng phap thc hien..................................................13
1.4. Thiet b.............................................................................13
2. Ra...........................................................................................13
2.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................13
2.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................13
2.3. Thiet b.............................................................................14
3. Nghien......................................................................................15
3.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................15
3.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................15
3.3. Thiet b.............................................................................15
3.4.Cac yeu to anh hng ti hieu suat nghien.......16
4. Phoi tron Ho hoa Dch hoa.........................................17
4.1. Quy trnh 1 (Dch hoa nhiet o thap 105 108 0C )17
4.1.1. Phoi tron...................................................................17
4.1.1.1. Muc ch cong nghe..........................................17
4.1.1.2.Cac bien oi......................................................17
4.1.1.3. Phng phap thc hien.....................................17
4.1.1.4. Thiet b................................................................18
4.1.2. Ho hoa.......................................................................18
4.1.2.1. Muc ch cong nghe..........................................18
4.1.2.2.Cac bien oi......................................................18
4.1.3. Dch hoa........................................................................19
4.1.3.1. Muc ch cong nghe..........................................19
4.1.3.2.Cac bien oi......................................................19
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Van Viet Man
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
GVHD: Le

4.1.3.4. Thiet b ...............................................................20
4.2. Quy trnh 2 (Dch hoa nhiet o thap 150 160 0C )20
4.2.1. Phoi tron...................................................................21
4.2.1.1. Muc ch cong nghe..........................................22
4.2.1.2.Cac bien oi......................................................22
4.2.1.4. Thiet b................................................................22
4.2.2. Ho hoa.......................................................................22
4.2.2.1. Muc ch cong nghe..........................................22
4.2.2.2.Cac bien oi......................................................22
4.2.3. Dch hoa........................................................................23
4.2.3.1. Muc ch cong nghe..........................................23
4.2.3.2.Cac bien oi......................................................23
4.2.3.4. Thiet b ...............................................................24
Lam nguoi..............................................................................26
5.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................26
5.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................26
5.4. Thiet b.............................................................................26
ng hoa..............................................................................27
6.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................27
6.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................27
6.4. Thiet b.............................................................................28
Tay mau.................................................................................28
7.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................28
7.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................28
7.4. Thiet b.............................................................................29
Loc.............................................................................................29
8.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................29
8.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................29
8.4. Thiet b.............................................................................30
Trao oi ion..............................................................................30
9.1. Muc ch cong nghe.......................................................30
9.2. Cac bien oi..................................................................30
9.4. Thiet b.............................................................................31
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
10. Loc an toan............................................................................32

10.1. Muc ch cong nghe.....................................................32
10.2. Cac bien oi................................................................32
10.3. Phng phap thc hien va thiet b..........................32
11. Chnh pH................................................................................32
11.1. Muc ch cong nghe.....................................................32
11.2. Cac bien oi................................................................32
11.3. Phng phap thc hien................................................32
12.Co ac chan khong............................................................32
12.1. Muc ch cong nghe.....................................................32
12.2. Cac bien oi................................................................33
12.4. Nguyen tac hoat ong................................................34
12.Rot san pham......................................................................34
12.1. Muc ch cong nghe.....................................................34
12.2. Cac bien oi................................................................34
IV. SO SANH HAI QUY TRNH CONG NGHE...........................35
V. SAN PHAM...............................................................................36
VI. THANH TU CONG NGHE & HNG NGIEN CU
HIEN NAY........................................................................................39
A. San xuat maltodextrin va glucose syrup t tinh bot chuoi
tren qui mo
phong th nghiem.....................................................................39
1. Gii thieu................................................................................39
2. Nguyen lieu va phng phap.............................................40
2.1. Trch ly tinh bot.................................................................40
2.2. Chuan b maltodextrin.....................................................40
2.3. Chuan b glucose syrup t tinh bot chuoi..................41
2.4. Phng phap phan tch...................................................41
2.4.1. Maltodextrin.....................................................................41
2.4.2. Glucose syrup..................................................................42
3. Ket luan..................................................................................43
B. San xuat glucose syrup bang cach s dung malt thoc va
enzym amyloglucosidase trong thuy phan tinh bot san......44
1. Gii thieu................................................................................44
2. Nguyen lieu va phng phap.............................................45
2.1. Chuan b dch chiet malt...............................................45
2.2. Xac nh nang lc cua enzym trong malt thoc.........45
2.2.1. Anh hng cua nong o RME en qua trnh dch
hoa....................................................................................................45
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
2.2.2. Anh hng cua nong o AMG en qua trnh

ng hoa.......................................................................................46
2.2.3. Cac bo tr th nghiem va phan tch thong ke....46
3. Ket qua va ban luan.....................................................46
3.1. An hng cua nong o enzym len toc o phan
ng...................................................................................................48
3.2. Anh hng cua s ket hp va nong o enzym len
ham lng ng...........................................................................50
3.3 Dung HPLC cho phan tch dch thuy phan tinh bot. . .52
C. Ky thuat phan tach sac ky trong qui trnh san xuat
glucose syrup.....................................................................................52
1. Gii thieu................................................................................52
2. Nha lam cot tru phan tach..............................................52
2.1. Dang ion lam nha..........................................................53
2.2. ac tnh chnh cua nha anh hng en chat long
phan tach........................................................................................54
3. He thong phan tach sac ky lien tuc.............................55
a) Nhng oi hoi c ban cua qua trnh phan tach sac ky
co qui mo
cong nghiep s dung nha nh la chat trung gian phan
tach............................................................................................57
b) Mo ta cac he thong FAST khac nhau: SMB, SMB nheu
giai oan, SSMB,
day lien tuc mi.....................................................................57
3.1. SMB.....................................................................................57
3.2. Qui trnh SMB nhieu giai oan.........................................58
3.3. SSMB...................................................................................58
3.4. New sequential multiprofile process...................................58
c) Hieu qua phan tach tieu bieu.......................................59
3.5. Phan xng cong nghiep............................................59
3.5.1. oi hoi ve chat lng cua nguyen lieu va nc
ra....................................................................................................60
3.5.2. ng dung ky thuat cot..........................................60
4. Mang li phan bo va thu nhan.......................................61
PHU LUC.........................................................................................64
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO..............................................................70
I. NGUYEN LIEU
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
1. S lc ve khoai lang
Khoai lang co ten khoa hoc la Ipomoea batatas, thuoc
ho Convolvulaceae, la loai cay than thao dang day leo
song lau nam, co cac la moc so le hnh tim hay xe
thuy chan vt, cac hoa co trang hp va kch thc
trung bnh. Re cu an c co hnh dang thuon dai va
thon, lp vo nhan nhui co mau o, tm, nau hay
trang. Lp cui tht co mau trang, vang, cam hay tm.
Khoai lang co nguon goc t khu vc nhiet i Chau
My, c con ngi trong cach ay tren 5000 nam.
Ngay nay khoai lang c trong rong khap trong cac khu
vc nhiet i va on i am .
Khoai lang c a vao nc ta t ao Luzon cua
Philippin vao cuoi i nha Minh o ho nc ta. Nh
vay cay khoai lang la cay nhap noi vao Viet Nam en
nay khoang 445 nam vao c trong au tien Thanh
Hoa- mot tnh luon co dien tch trong khoai lang ln
nhat nc ta t trc ti nay.
Khoai lang c s dung mot cach rong rai do:
-Khoai lang la cay de trong, co tnh thch ng va e
khang rat manh .ieu kien kh hau, thi tiet, at ai
Viet Nam cho phep trong c nhieu vu khoai lang
mot nam ma van cho nang suat thu hoach kha cao.
-Nong dan Viet Nam co nhng kinh nghiem lau i
va qu bau trong nghe trong khoai lang.
-Khoai lang co thi vu sinh trng tng oi ngan, co
tiem lc nang suat ln, hn na giong khoai lang
nc ta rat phong phu.
-Ve mat dinh dng, khoai lang cha nhieu chat dinh
dng, de tieu hoa, nhieu nang lng, nhieu vitamin
(nhat la vitamin A).
2. Phan loai khoai lang:

Khoai lang co nhieu loai:
Loai to, vo trang, ruot trang hoac vang
sam, nhieu bot.
Khoai lang b : cu dai, vo o, ruot vang
ti.
Khoai lang cu dai, vo o, ruot vang.
Khoai lang ngoc n : vo tm, ruot tm.
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Hnh 1: Mot so loai khoai lang

3. Mua vu :
Trong 8 vung trai dai cua at nc ta, xet ca 3
mat : dien tch, nang suat va san lng cay khoai lang, ta
co 3 vung chu lc la: ong bang song Hong, ong Bac
va Bac Trung Bo. Trong o vung Bac Trung Bo co dien
tch va san lng khoai lang cao nhat. Vung ong bang
song Hong chiem u the ve nang suat. Cu the mua vu
c trong nh sau:
Khoai lang v ng xun : trng thng 11-12, thu hach thng 4-5
Din tch khoai lang v ng xun chim tng i ln so vi din tch
trng khoai c nc. Ni chung v ng xun c th trng tt c cc vng, nng
sut v ny cao.
Khoai lang v ng : trng thng 9-10, thu hach thng 1-2
Trng ch yu trn din tch tng v. Trng ng bng v trung du Bc
B.
Khoai lang v xun: trng thng 2-3, thu hach thng 6-7. Ch yu trng
ng bng v trung du Bc B.
Hnh 2 : Thu hoach khoai lang
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Khoai lang v h thu : trng thng 6-7, thu hach thng 10-11. c
trng cc tnh min ni pha Bc, Ty Nguyn v ng Nam B, nng sut kh
cao.
4. Thanh phan hoa hoc va gia tr dinh dng:
C khoai lang l sn pham thu hach chnh, cho lng calo l 113
calo/100 gam. Thnh phn dinh dng ca n l ng, tinh bt, ngoi ra cn c
cc thnh phn khc nh protein v cc vitamin (vitamin C, caroten, B1, B2...), cc
cht khoang (P, Fe,...) gp phn quan trng trong dinh dng ca con ngi,
nht l cc nc ang pht t
Bng 1:Thnh phn ho hc ca khoai lang
Thnh phn
Hm
lng(%)
Nc
68.0
Protein
0.8
Lipid
0.2
Glucid
28.5
Cellulose
1.3
Tro
1.2
4.1.Cht kh:
C khoai lang cng nh cc lai r c thn c khc, thng thng c hm
lng nc cao, do vy hm lng cht kh thp, trung bnh khoang 30 %
nhng c bin ng ph thuc vo cc yu t nh ging, kh hu, di ngy, lai
t, t l su bnh, k thut trng trt.
Khoai lang Viet Nam co ham lng chat kho bien
ong t 19,2-33,6 %
4.2.Glucid
Glucid l thnh phn ch yu ca cht kh (chim 80-90% hm lng
cht kh) v chim 24-27% trng lng ti. Thnh phn ca glucid ch yu l
ng v tinh bt, ngoai ra cn c cc cht khc nh pectin, cellulose,
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
hemicellulose, chim s lng t. Thnh phn tng ng ca glucid khng nhng

ph thuc vo ging v chn ca c m con ph thuc vo thi gian bo qun,
nu nng, ch bin v c nh hng ng k n cc yu t cht lng nh
cng, kh, cm gic ngon ming,
Tinh bt:
Trung bnh chim khong 60-70% cht kh, t l ca tinh bt so vi cc
hp cht glucid khc bin ng ln. Lng tinh bt ph thuc vo ging, thi v,
t trong, thi v, khong cch gieo trng...
ng:
S bin ng v hm lng ng tong t 5-10 % trng lng khoai
lang.
Yu t quan trng nh hng n hm lng ng trong c khoai lang
l ging, ngoi ra cn c cc yu t khc nh thi gian thu hoch, bo qun
Thnh phn ca ng gm saccharose, glucose, fructose, va mt t
maltose.
Bng 2: Thnh phn ca ng trong c khoai lang
Thnh phn
Hm
lng(%)
Saccharosse
5,16 10,95%
Glucose
2,11 4,61%
Maltose
1,59 6,85%
Fructose
1,16 3,56%
Cht x
X ng vai tr quan trng trong vic phng chng mt s bnh nh ung
th, i ng, tim mch...
X n c bao gm cc hp cht pectin, cellulose v hemicellulose.
Hm lng cht x n c trong cc ging khoai lang ca o Tonga l 4%, ca
M l 3,6%. Ngoi ra cn cha 0,4% lignin. Sporamin (chim 80% protein ha tan)
v c th phn thnh 2 loi l sporamin A v B
4.3. Protein:
Hm lng protein trong cc ging khoai lang l khng cao, trung bnh
khong 5% cht kh. Hm lng protein th khng cao nhng do khoai lang c
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
nng sut c cao, nen protein thu c trn mt n v trng trt l ng ke,
khng thua km cc loai ng cc. Ngoi ra thnh phn cc acid amin trong protein
ca khoai lang kh cn i, nht l cc acid amin khng thay th.
Bng 3: Thnh phn acid amin khng thay th ca c khoai lang

(tnh theo % trng lng kh ca protein th)
Acid amin
Hm lng(%)
Arginin
2.9
Histidine
1.4
Lysine
4.3
Tryptophane
1.8
Phenylalanine
4.3
Methionine
1.7
Threonine
3.8
Leucine
4.8
Isoleucine
3.6
Valine
5.6
4.4. Vitamin
Khoai lang c cha nhiu loi vitamin nh C, A, B 1, B2, PP, acid pentotenic.
Nhiu loi khoai lang hm lng vitamin c th ln n 50 mg%. Khoai lang ngh
cn cha nhiu caroten n 44,6 mg%, trong khi ging khoai lang trng ch cha
0,5mg% caroten.
Bng 4: Thnh phn vitamin ca khoai lang
Thnh phn
Hm lng (mg%)
Vitamin A
7,4
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Vitamin B1
0,88
Vitamin B2
10,88
Vitamin PP
13,4
Acid
pentotenic
11,1
Cc vitamin tp trung nhiu vng ngoi ca rut c. V v phn trung tm

c cha t vitamin hn.
4.5.Khong:
Thnh phn khong trong khoai lang bin ng tng i ln tu thuc vo
loi t trng v phn bn s dng.
Bng 5 : Thnh phn khong ch yu trong khoai lang
(% so vi trng lng tro)
Thnh phn
Hm lng(%)
Cl
2.5
K2O
58.1
Na2O
8.1
CaO
5.6
MgO
4.1
Fe2O3
0.54
Mn2O3
Vt
P2O5
16.1
SO3
2.9
4.6.Enzym:
Khoai lang c h enzym phc tp. Sau khi thu hoch cc enzym u hot
ng mnh nhng mnh hn c l amylase. Do amylase thu phn tinh bt thnh
ng nn sau khi thu hoch lng tinh bt trong c gim, ngt ca khoai tng.
Khoai lang c nhiu m, trong m khoai c cha sc t, tanin, enzym, l
nhng cht sinh mu trong qu trnh ch bin. Chng ta thng gp hin tng
bin mu t nu sang nu sm ri en. l hin tng oxy ho ca mt s cht
hu c trong c vi s tham gia ca cc enzym. Enzym trong khoai lang tch t
nhiu mm c.
5. Bao quan:
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Khoai lang ti rt kh bo qun do:

-
Lng nc trong c khoai lang ln do hot ng sinh l ca c khoai lang

kh mnh lm cho khi lng cht dinh dng trong c hao ht nhanh
(4050% sau vi thng bo qun).
C khoai c hm lng ng cao, c nhiu enzym hot ng, rt d b thi,

h hng.
Cc yu t bn ngoi cng nh hng r rt n vic bo qun khoai lang nh

thi tit, nhit , m, nh sng,
Thi gian thu hoch v khoai chnh l ma ma nn rung khoai thng b

ngp nc, khoai thng d b thi hng.
V c khoai mng, thn c d b gy, dp nt nn khi o vn chuyn thng

khng cn nguyn vn, b gim kh nng chng vi cc nh hng ca
ngoi cnh.
Khoai khng a nng v cng khng a lnh. nhit cao hn 250C khoai s
h hp mnh, hot ng ca cc enzym tng, su h pht trin mnh lm khoai
chng b h hng. Bo qun di 100C th khoai b cng v nhanh chng b thi
nhn. Nhit v m thch hp bo qun khoai lang l khong 12 15 0C v
58 95%.
Khoai lang khng a mi trng ym kh, nu ni bo qun t thong, khoai dn
dn chuyn sang h hp ym kh, sinh ra ru lm khoai chng thi.
Mun bo qun khoai c lu, c khng b thi thng phi o hm. C hai
loi hm thng thng, hm su v hm cn. Hm cn dng rm r hoc thn cy
kh gi m. Hm vn t su di t li dng nhit thp. Hm phi c
o ni kh ro c np y, ng thng hi, c t nhit k v m k theo di nhit
v m trong hm. Khoai c xp tng lp v thnh tng ng cao trong
hm. Khi bo qun hon ton kn trong hm, phi iu chnh nhit trong phm
vi 9150C, cn m khng vt qu 75% mi m bo cht lng trong thi gian
bo qun.
6. Tieu chuan cua khoai lang trong san xuat ng

nha:
Bng 6 : Ham lng cac chat trong khoai lang:
Nc
68.1
Glucid
27.1
Cellulose
0.9
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Protein
1.6
Chat beo
0.5
Tro
Lng tinh bot trong khoai lang thng dao ong t

15-31%, kch thc hat tinh bot t 15-80 m, lng
ng t 5-10%.
Cu khoai chac, khong b heo, h hai hay con trung
can pha
Chon loai cu ruot trang hoac ruot vang.
III. THUYET MINH QUI TRNH CONG NGHE

1. Ngam
1.1. Muc ch cong nghe
Chuan b : Lam cho cu mem ra, giam nhe qua

trnh mai hoac nghien.
Hoan thien: Lam b va loai bo mot phan tap
chat bam vao nguyen lieu.
1.2. Cac bien oi

Hoa tan s bo cac sac to, hoa tan va ngan cach
khong cho cac chat tannin tac dung vi oxy lam giam
mau sac t nhien cua san pham.
1.3. Phng phap thc hien

Thong so ky thuat:
Thi gian : 4-8h tuy theo loai nguyen lieu va mc
o nhiem ban t cu.
Hoa chat s dung : CaO (1,5 kg/m3 nc ngam)
1.4. Thiet b
Be ngam c xay bang gach hoac betong. ay
be hi doc e de dang thao kiet nc va lam ve
sinh. goc be sat ay co ca thao nc va voi
cap nc tren mieng be.
2. Ra
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Chuan b : Ra sach at cat, a, tap chatchuan

b cho qua trnh nghien tiep theo. Tranh lam mon rang
may nghien va lam giam hieu suat nghien.
Hoan thien : Han che hien tng tap chat lan
vao tinh bot lam tang o tro, o mau thanh pham.
2.2. Cac bien oi

Bien oi vat ly : Sau khi ra se tach c 9497% tong tap chat (cat san, at a,...) ra khoi cu,
khoi lng cu giam con 93-94,5%.
Bien oi hoa ly : Co s tach mot so chat hoa
tan trong nguyen lieu nh sac to, tannin vao trong
nc ra.
Bien oi hoa sinh : S hoat ong cua cac enzyme
oxi hoa lam en san pham.
2.3. Thiet b
Thiet b ra cu thng dung la thung hnh tru
co uc lo, e ngap mot phan trong nc.
Hnh 3 : Thiet b ra
cu
Nguyen tac hoat ong:

Cu c ra sach di ap lc cua nc va ma
sat gia cac cu cung nh ma sat gia cu vi thanh
thiet b va vi canh quay.
Cu c ao tron manh va ay ve pha trc
nh ban chai truc vt.
Mot dong nc chay qua be ngc chieu vi cu.
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Mot bm ly tam c lap mot au cua thung

va c noi vi mot loat cac au phun, nc vi ap
suat cao c xt t cac au phun ngc vi hng
chuyen ong cua cu, am bao cho cu c ra sach.
Hoat ong ket hp cua cac dong nc co ap
suat cao, s co xat cua cu vao thanh thiet b va
vao nhau giup loai bt hau het lp at a.
Thong so ky thuat :
Chieu dai thiet b : 8m
Chieu dai phan thanh tron ngap nc : 3,4 m
Khoang cach gia 2 canh ke tiep : 40 80 mm
Nang suat theo nguyen lieu : 175 tan/ ngay
ng knh (chieu rong) thiet b : 0,8 1,2 m
Tuy thuoc mc o va ac tnh tap chat cua
nguyen lieu ma thi gian ra co the t 8-15 phut, chi
ph nc ra t 2-4 tan / 1 tan nguyen lieu.
3. Nghien
Khai thac : Qua trnh nghien nham muc ch pha
v mang te bao khoai lang e giai phong tinh bot
khoi te bao. ay la khau quan trong nhat trong viec
quyet nh hieu suat thu hoi tinh bot. S pha v
mang te bao cang triet e th hieu suat tach tinh
bot cang cao.
3.2. Cac bien oi

Bien oi vat l : Co s thay oi kch thc cua
nguyen lieu. Te bao tinh bot b pha v giai
phong tinh bot di dang nhng hat co kch thc
nho. Nguyen lieu bay gi la khoi bot nhao mn
co o am khoang 80% (o mn khac nhau tuy theo
cong nghe va thiet b s dung).
Bien oi hoa sinh : Khi xe nat vo te bao,
cac enzyme trong te bao cung c giai phong va
co ieu kien hoat ong, nhat la cac enzyme thuy
phan tinh bot , enzyme oxi hoa kh nh polyphenol
oxidase se lam sam mau san pham.
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Bien oi sinh hoc : V cu ra sach trc khi

nghien va thi gian khong qua lau nen s phat
trien cua vi sinh vat la khong ang ke.
3.3. Thiet b
Ta s dung may nghien Jahn co roto lam bang thep
vi ng knh t 40-50 cm, o dai t 30-50 cm. Cac
li dao rang ca c bo tr doc theo cac ranh c
khac xung quanh chu vi cua trong. Li dao co 8-10
rang ca/cm, at cach xa nhau 6-10 mm, cao hn be mat
khoang 1mm.
Toc o quay toi u cua roto :1000 vong/phut.
Hieu suat nao sau lan nao au tien : 85%.
Hieu suat nao tong the sau lan nao th cap : 90%.
Hnh 4 : Cau tao thiet b nghien
Nguyen tac hoat ong :

Nh s co xat lien tuc gia cac li dao ma cac
te bao khoai lang b pha v, trong o mot lng ln
hat tinh bot c giai phong.
Thong so ky thuat :
Trang 15

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Toc o quay : 1000 2000 vong/phut

Toc o tang quay : 50m/s
ng knh tang quay : 0,4 0,7m
So lng bua nghien
Kch thc lo li
Li ca thng c che tao bang thep deo,
cng, day 0,8mm, chieu cao rang 2mm, tren
1cm co 8 rang.
Nang suat khoang 10 tan cu khoai lang ti
moi ngay.
3.4.
Cac yeu to anh hng en hieu suat
nghien.
So vong quay: so vong quay cang ln th
hieu suat nghien cang cao.
Lo li nho th hieu suat nghien ln nhng
nang suat giam va chi ph nang lng tang
cao.
Chat lng bua nghien.
4. Phoi tron ho hoa dch hoa

4.1.Quy trnh 1 (dch hoa nhiet o thap 1051080C)
4.1.1. Phoi tron

4.1.1.1. Muc ch cong nghe
Chuan b: Nham tang o phan tan cua dch huyen
phu, chuan b cho qua trnh ho hoa tiep theo.
4.1.1.2. Cac bien oi

Bien oi vat ly:
- He so dan nhiet tang.
- S phan tan cua cac hat tinh bot tang.
Bien oi hoa ly:
- Hat tinh bot hap thu mot lng nho nc (2550% nc) nhng cha trng n.
- Trang thai cua nguyen lieu sau khuay tron
dang huyen phu.
- Tang kha nang tiep xuc gia hat tinh bot va
nc.
Trang 16

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Bien oi cam quan: s thay oi trang thai cua dch

bot.
Cac bien oi con lai khong ang ke.
4.1.1.3. Phng phap thc hien

Phoi tron nguyen lieu vi nc theo t le
1:3(m/m).
Chnh pH cua hon hp ve 5,8 6,2 la pH toi thch
cua - amylase s dung trong qui trnh.
Bo xung CaCl2 / Ca(OH)2 e nong o Ca2+ at
100ppm e duy tr hoat tnh cua - amylase trong
qua trnh thuy phan.
Bo xung che pham - amylase t Bacillus
licheniformis va Bacillus stearothermophilus. Chung
xuc tac thuy phan tinh bot nhiet o rat cao:
951000C. Con nhiet o 105108 0C, hoat tnh
cua nhom enzyme nay giam nhng khong b vo
hoat hoan toan.
Qua trnh c thc hien trong thung khuay co
canh tron vi toc o quay 20 v/ph.
Thong so ky thuat:
Nong
o
chat kho
pH
Thi gian
Lng enzym
Lng ion Ca2+
Bang 7
2225oBx
5,86,2
3040 phut
0.50.6kg/tan nguyen
lieu
(1500Ukg-1 ham lng
chat kho)
100ppm
4.1.1.4. Thiet b
Thiet b hnh tru co trang b canh khuay.
4.1.2. Ho hoa
4.1.2.1.Muc ch cong nghe
Trang 17

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Chuan b: hoa tan nhng hat tinh bot co kch thc

nho thanh dung dch nht sen set, cac hat hut nc
va trng n toi a tao ieu kien thuan li cho qua
trnh dch hoa.
4.1.2.2.Cac bien oi
Bien oi vat ly :
- o nht tang cc ai.
- Hat tinh bot trng n toi a.
- Nhiet o cua dung dch tang.
- Nong o chat kho tang.
Bien oi hoa hoc : xay ra s hydrate hoa cac nhom
hydroxyl t do va tao thanh lien ket hydro vi nc.
H
H
R
O
O
O R
H
H
Bien oi hoa ly :
- Hat tinh bot tiep tuc hap thu nc, khi nhiet o
cang tang th kha nang hut nc cang tang,
len en 2500% nc.
- He chuyen t dang huyen phu sang dung dch
nht ong nhat.
- Tang kha nang hoa tan.
Bien oi cam quan : mau sac t uc chuyen sang
trong hn.
Bien oi sinh hoc : khong ang ke.
4.1.2.3.Phng phap thc hien
Qua trnh ho hoa c thc hien trong thiet b jetcooker bang cach phun hi nc trc tiep vao tinh bot.
u iem cua phng phap nay la qua trnh ho hoa
xay ra nhanh hn, ong eu va nhiet o khong b
tang cuc bo.
Thong so ky thuat
Bang 8
Nhiet o
52-64oC
Thi gian
Tc
thi
4.1.3. Dch hoa
Trang 18

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le

Chuan b:
Pha bung hat tinh bot, thuy phan mot phan tinh
bot tao nhng mach dextrin co chieu dai mach
ngan hn
Giam o nht cua dch ho hoa tao ieu kien
cho - amylase phan cat tot hn trong giai oan
ng hoa tiep theo.
4.1.3.2.Cac bien oi
Bien oi vat ly:

- o nht giam.
- Kha nang truyen nhiet tang (do kch thc phan
t nho hn).
Bien oi hoa hoc:
- Hat tinh bot b pha bung, pha v cac lien ket
hydro gia nc va cac si tinh bot.
- Phan ng Maillard gia ng va acid amin tao ra
san pham co mau.
Bien oi hoa ly:
- S boc hi nc.
- Kha nang hoa tan cua tinh bot tang.
Bien oi hoa sinh: - amylase hoat ong cat cac
mach amylose va amylopectin thanh cac dextrin mach
ngan co kha nang hoa tan. San pham thuy phan
trong giai oan nay chu yeu la dextrin.
Bien oi sinh hoc: vi sinh vat b c che hoac tieu
diet.
Qua trnh nay bat au t thiet b jet-cooker, hon

hp se c gia nhiet len 105108 oC, sau o hon hp
c chuyen sang cac cot lu cao ap co bao on nhiet
trong thi gian 510 phut. Ch so DE cua hon hp sau
giai oan x ly nhiet kha thap ( DE = 12 ). Tiep theo,
hon hp c a qua thiet b dang ong long ong e
lam nguoi ve 95100oC roi i vao thiet b dch hoa
.Thi gian lu hoa cua khoi ho tinh bot trong thiet b
Trang 19

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
dch hoa la t 12 gi..Phan hoat tnh con lai cua

che pham - amylase chu nhiet se tiep tuc xuc tac
thuy phan tinh bot e lam giam o nht, ong thi
giup pha v hoan( toan cau truc hat tinh bot, chuyen
c chat sang dang hoa tan e chuan b cho qua trnh
ng hoa tiep theo.
Thong so ky thuat :
Bang 9
Nhiet o trong cot lu
Nhiet o trong thiet b
thuy phan
pH
Thi gian trong cot lu
Thi gian trong thiet b
dch hoa
105oC
95oC
5,86,2
5
10phu
t
12
gi
4.1.3.4Thiet b
a. Thiet b ho hoa va dch
hoa
jet-cooker
Cau tao: thiet b gom mot
ong huyen phu tinh bot va
mot ong hi giao nhau qua mot
khe hnh con, hi c phun trc
tiep vao huyen phu tinh bot,
lng hi vao c ieu chnh
bi van qua he thong kh nen.
Nguyen
tac
hoat
ong:
huyen phu tinh bot c bm
cng bc vao thiet b va
tiep xuc trc tiep vi hi, hi
nc khi tiep xuc vi tinh bot
co nhiet o thap hn se
ngng tu mot phan nhng hau
het hi nc van con ap suat cao nen van cung
cap lng nhiet e nang nhiet o len nham ho hoa
dung dch. Thi gian lu trong thiet
jet-cooker
ratb
Hnh 5b
: Cau
tao thiet
ngan. Lng tinh bot c ho hoa mot phan
se
bang
jet-cooker
Trang 20

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
qua mot day cac cot lu cao ap e duy tr nhiet o

105 1080C va c gi trong 510phut
Chu y: thiet b jet-cooker va cac cot lu thc hien
hai nhiem vu: ho hoa hoan toan va pha bung toan
bo hat tinh bot bat au giai oan dch hoa.
b. Thiet b dch hoa
Cau tao: thiet b la mot thung kn, vo ngoai co ao
cach nhiet, trong thung c chia lam nhieu ngan, moi
ngan co canh khuay noi chung vi mot truc c dan
bi ong c.
Nguyen tac hoat ong: ay la thiet b hoat ong
lien tuc, dch c bm t cot lu vao thung dch hoa,
thung dch hoa khi ay dung dch se c bm t t
sang thung ng hoa, khi o dung dch se i t tren
xuong qua moi ngan theo ong trung tam. Do vay dung
dch se c lu mot thi gian co nh trong thung, ao
cach nhiet pha ngoai nham gi nhiet o dch hoa
am bao 95oC va dch luon c ao tron lien tuc
bi canh khuay.
DUNG DCH VAO
DUNG DCH RA
Hnh 6: Cau tao va nguyen tac hoat ong cua thiet b dch
hoa
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
4.2Quy trnh 2 (dch hoa nhiet o cao 1501600C)

4.2.1. Phoi tron
Chuan b: Nham tang o phan tan cua dch huyen
phu, chuan b cho qua trnh ho hoa tiep theo.
4.2.1.2. Cac bien oi
Bien oi vat ly:

- He so dan nhiet tang.
- S khuech tan cua cac hat tinh bot tang.
Bien oi hoa ly:
- Hat tinh bot hap thu mot lng nho nc mot
cach thuan nghch (25-50% nc) nhng cha
trng n.
- Trang thai cua nguyen lieu sau khuay tron
dang huyen phu.
- Tang kha nang tiep xuc gia hat tinh bot va
nc.
Bien oi cam quan: s thay oi trang thai cua dch
bot.
4.2.1.3. Phng phap thc hien

Phoi tron nguyen lieu vi nc theo t le
1:3(m/m).
Qua trnh c thc hien trong thung khuay co
canh tron vi toc o quay 20 v/ph.
4.2.1.4. Thiet b
Thiet b hnh tru co trang b canh khuay.
4.2.2. Ho hoa
4.2.2.1.Muc ch cong nghe
Chuan b: hoa tan nhng hat tinh bot co kch thc

nho thanh dung dch nht sen set, cac hat hut nc
va trng n toi a tao ieu kien thuan li cho qua
trnh dch hoa.
4.2.2.2.Cac bien oi
Bien oi vat ly :
- o nht tang cc ai.
- Hat tinh bot trng n toi a.
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
- Nhiet o cua dung dch tang.

Bien oi hoa hoc : xay ra s hydrate hoa cac nhom
hydroxyl t do va tao thanh lien ket hydro vi nc.
H
H
R
O
O
O R
H
H
Bien oi hoa ly :
- Hat tinh bot tiep tuc hap thu nc, khi nhiet o
cang tang th kha nang hut nc cang tang,
len en 2500% nc.
- He chuyen t dang huyen phu sang dung dch
nht ong nhat.
Bien oi cam quan : mau sac t uc chuyen sang
trong hn.
Bien oi sinh hoc : khong ang ke.
4.2.2.3Phng phap thc hien
Qua trnh ho hoa c thc hien trong thiet b jetcooker bang cach phun hi nc trc tiep vao tinh bot.
u iem cua phng phap nay la qua trnh ho hoa
xay ra nhanh hn, ong eu va nhiet o khong b
tang cuc bo.
Thong so ky thuat
Bang 10
Nhiet o
52-64oC
Thi gian
Tc
thi
4.2.3. Dch hoa

Chuan b:
Pha bung hat tinh bot, thuy phan mot phan tinh
bot tao nhng mach dextrin co chieu dai mach
ngan hn
Giam o nht cua dch ho hoa tao ieu kien
cho - amylase phan cat tot hn trong giai oan
ng hoa tiep theo.
4.2.3.2.Cac bien oi
Bien oi vat ly:
- o nht giam.
Trang 23

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
- Kha nang truyen nhiet tang (do kch thc phan

t nho hn).
Bien oi hoa hoc:
- Hat tinh bot b pha bung hoan toan, pha v
cac lien ket hydro gia nc va cac si tinh
bot.
- Phan ng Maillard gia ng va acid amin tao ra
san pham co mau.
Bien oi hoa ly:
- S boc hi nc.
- Kha nang hoa tan cua tinh bot tang.
Bien oi hoa sinh: - amylase hoat ong cat cac
mach amylose va amylopectin thanh cac dextrin mach
ngan co kha nang hoa tan. San pham thuy phan
trong giai oan nay chu yeu la dextrin.
Bien oi sinh hoc: vi sinh vat b c che hoac tieu
diet.
Qua trnh nay bat au t thiet b jet-cooker, hon

hp se c gia nhiet trc tiep bang cach suc hi e
hon hp at 1501600C. a hon hp qua he thong cot
lu cao ap co bao on nhiet, thi gian lu trong he
thong nay la 48 phut. ay la thi gian dch hoa tinh
bot, s dung nhiet o va ap suat cao co tac dung
pha v toan bo cau truc hat tinh bot cung nh
nhng lien ket gia cac phan t amylose va
amylopectin vi nhng tap chat khac co trong hat.
Sau o tien hanh lam nguoi hon hp ve 95100 0C
roi a hon hp vao thiet b thuy phan. Chnh pH
hon hp ve 5,86,2 , bo sung Ca 2+ nong o 100ppm va
che pham - amylase chu nhiet( nh quy trnh 1 ). Qua
trnh thuy phan se keo dai t 3060 phut.
Thong so ky thuat
Bang 11
Nhiet o trong cot lu
15016
00C
Nhiet o trong thiet b 951000
thuy phan
C
pH
5,86,2
Trang 24

Van Viet Man
Thi gian trong cot lu
Thi gian trong thiet b
thuy phan
GVHD: Le
48
phut
3060
phut
4.2.3.4Thiet b
a. Thiet b ho hoa va dch hoa
jet-cooker
Cau tao: thiet b gom mot ong huyen phu tinh
bot va mot ong hi giao nhau qua mot khe hnh con, hi
c phun trc tiep vao huyen phu tinh bot, lng hi
vao c ieu chnh bi van qua he thong kh nen.
Nguyen tac hoat ong: huyen phu tinh bot c
bm cng bc vao thiet b va tiep xuc trc tiep vi
hi, hi nc khi tiep xuc vi tinh bot co nhiet o
thap hn se ngng tu mot phan nhng hau het hi
nc van con ap suat cao nen van cung cap lng
nhiet e nang nhiet o len nham ho hoa dung dch.
Thi gian lu trong thiet b jet-cooker rat ngan. Lng
tinh bot c ho hoa mot phan se bang qua mot day
cac cot lu cao ap e duy tr nhiet o 150 1600C va
c gi trong thi gian 48 phut.
c. Thiet b thuy phan
Cau tao: thiet b la mot thung kn, vo ngoai co ao
cach nhiet, trong thung c chia lam nhieu ngan, moi
ngan co canh khuay noi chung vi mot truc c dan
bi ong c.
Nguyen tac hoat ong: ay la thiet b hoat ong
lien tuc, dch c bm t cot lu vao thung dch hoa,
thung dch hoa khi ay dung dch se c bm t t
sang thung ng hoa, khi o dung dch se i t tren
xuong qua moi ngan theo ong trung tam. Do vay dung
dch se c lu mot thi gian co nh trong thung, ao
cach nhiet pha ngoai nham gi nhiet o dch hoa
am bao 951000C va dch luon c ao tron lien
tuc bi canh khuay.
Trang 25

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Hnh 7: Cau tao va nguyen tac hoat ong cua thiet b thuy
phan
5. Lam nguoi
Chuan b: tao ieu kien toi thch cho qua trnh ng
hoa tiep theo.
5.2.
Cac bien oi
Nhiet o cua dung dch giam, enzym van tiep tuc

hoat ong. Do nhiet o thay oi khong ln nen cac
bien oi khac khong ang ke.
Truyen nhiet gian tiep bang thiet b truyen nhiet

dang ban, tac nhan trao oi nhiet la nc lanh.
Thong so ky thuat:
Bang 12
Nhiet o dch ng trc
95oC
thiet b
Nhiet o cua tac nhan
30oC
(nhiet
o
lanh (nc)
moi trng)
Nhiet o cua dch ng
5060oC
Trang 26

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
sau khi lam nguoi
5.4. Thiet b
ay la loai thiet b truyen nhiet kieu co be mat

truyen nhiet phang, gom nhng tam ban ghep thanh
hop rong nhieu ngan. Chung co nhng lo noi nhau
tng ng e tao thanh loi chuyen ong rieng cho
tng lu chat. Dch ng va nc lanh se i trong
nhng khoang xen ke nhau. Gia cac tam ban co dung
cac tam em kn e am bao ngan cach hai lu chat.
Ben ngoai co he thong cac thanh giang co cac van
e ghep chat cac tam ban.
u iem: dien tch be mat rat ln so vi thiet b
truyen nhiet dang ong hay dang vo ao, nh o ma
qua trnh lam nguoi dien ra nhanh chong, kch thc
thiet b nho gon. Co the thay oi kha nang truyen
nhiet mot cach de dang bang cach thay oi so ban
truyen nhiet trong khung.
Nhc iem: khong the bao am o kn tuyet oi
gia cac khoang nh vao cac tam em. Do o no
ch thch hp oi vi nhng dong lu chat co toc o
tng oi nho va ap suat tng oi thap.
Trang 27

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
6. ng hoa
6.1.
Muc ch
cong
nghe
Che bien: tao thanh

syrup co thanh phan
chu yeu la maltose, cac
ng n gian va cac
dextrin mach ngan.
6.2. Cac bien oi
Vat ly:
- Giam o nht.
- Tang kha nang truyen nhiet.
- Tang ham lng chat kho.
Hoa ly:
Hoa hoc:
- Phan ng thuy phan cat dextrin mach dai (san
pham sau qua trnh dch hoa) thanh maltose va
cac ng n gian, dextrin mach ngan,
- Phan ng Maillard la phan ng ngng tu gia
ng kh va amino axit tao thanh cac chat
mau lam sam mau dch thuy phan.
Hoa sinh: co tng tac ong thi cua - amylase va
-amylase (s dung che pham Fungamyl ) len cac mach
polysaccharide va oligosaccharide, tao hon hp san pham
gom maltose, glucose, triose va cac oligosaccharide khac.
Trong o:
Fungamyl hoat ong vi ieu kien toi thch:
Nhiet o : 5060oC.
pH
: 5.05.5
- amylase van hoat ong nhng hoat tnh yeu
hn
Dung dch ng sau khi lam nguoi se c a vao
thiet b ng hoa. Luc nay can ieu chnh pH e
Trang 28

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
tao moi trng hoat ong toi u cho Fungamyl. Sau o

bo sung lng Fungamyl can thiet. Dung dch c lu lai
trong thiet b trong khoang thi gian cn thit ng ha n DE
thch hp. Trong qua trnh ng hoa, can phai ao tron
dung dch lien tuc.
Noi chung, thi gian, nhiet o, pH va lng enzym
can cho qua trnh ng hoa phu thuoc vao nguon
goc enzym, hoat o cua chung va yeu cau o tinh
khiet cua dch ng hoa.
Thong so ky thuat:
Bang 13
Nhiet o 5060oC
pH
5.05.5
Lng
2000Ukg-1 ham lng
enzym
chat kho
Lng
50ppm (khong can bo
Ca2+
sung them)
Thi gian 48h
6.4. Thiet b
Thiet b ng hoa co cau tao tng t thiet b
dch hoa.
7. Tay mau
Hoan thien cac gia tr cam quan: lam tang o trong
cua san pham, a san pham ve mau tieu chuan la
mau vang nhat en khong mau .
7.2. Cac bien oi
Vat ly: khoi lng dung dch tang do bo sung than

hoat tnh.
Hoa ly:
- S phan tan cac hat than hoat tnh trong dung
dch tang kha nang tiep xuc cua no vi dung
dch.
- S hap phu cac chat mau len tren be mat
cua than hoat tnh.
Hoa sinh: hai enyzym van con hoat ong.
Cam quan: dch ng tr thanh dang huyen phu do
co cha cac bui than hoat tnh.
Trang 29

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Sinh hoc va hoa hoc: khong ang ke.syrup

Qua trnh tay mau c thc hien ngay trong thiet b
ng hoa. Sau khi ng hoa, syrup c gia nhiet
en nhiet o thch hp. Sau o, bo sung lng than
hoat tnh can thiet e hap phu mot phan cac chat
mang mau.
Khi dung than hoat tnh e tay mau can phai co
qua trnh loc tien hanh ngay sau o.
Loai than hoat tnh thng s dung co the dang
bot hoac dang hat c san xuat t go, than a, than
coc dau mo, lignite, vo da.
Lng than phu thuoc vao chat lng tinh bot, yeu
cau lam sach va hoat o cua than.
Thong s k thut
Bang 14
Nhiet o
70oC
Thi gian tay 1h
mau
Lng than s 11.3% (so vi ham lng
dung
chat kho)
7.4. Thiet b
Qua trnh tay mau c thc hien ngay trong thiet b
ng hoa.
8. Loc

Chuan b:
Loc phan tinh bot cha thuy phan, cellulose, protein,
lipid, cac tap chat tho va phan ba sau thuy phan (bao
gom cac chat mau,than hoat tnh) giup loai bo nhng
tap chat co kch thc ln ma co the can tr cho
qua trnh trao oi ion tiep theo.
8.2. Cac bien oi

Bien oi vat ly:
- Giam khoi lng dch ng do loai bo phan

ba.
- T trong giam.
- He so truyen nhiet tang.
Bien oi hoa ly: thay oi so pha, tach rieng pha
ran va pha long.
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Bien oi cam quan: san pham thu c trong hn

trc khi loc.
Bien oi hoa hoc, hoa sinh va sinh hoc: khong ang
ke.

Ta thc hien loc dch ng bang phng phap loc
ep, loc di tac dung cua ap suat.
8.4. Thiet b
S dung thiet b loc ap lc gom nhieu tam li
at song song, nhng tam li nay eu c boc vai
ben ngoai.
Nguyen tac hoat ong
- Trc khi thc hien
qua trnh loc, can co
qua trnh lam ao cho
ban loc, tc la tao
mot lp bot tr loc
tren vai loc, bot tr
loc giup tao thanh
nhng khoang trong
theo ng zc zac tao
tr lc ngan can ba
ma khong lam tang ap lc, giup qua trnh loc
khong b nghen.
Hnh 10: Thiet b loc
ep
-
Dch ng c bm vao buong loc, di ap

lc cua bm dch ng se bang qua vai loc
thong qua lp bot tr loc i vao khoang loc. Cac
khoang loc c noi chung vi nhau qua mot
ng ong ben di e dan dch ng sach ra
ngoai.
Sau khi loc xong, can tien hanh ve sinh vai loc
va buong loc.
9. Trao oi ion
Hoan thien san pham: dch ng qua cac cot trao
oi ion e tach bt mot so cation (Ca 2+, Na+, Mg2+),
anion (Cl-, SO42-...) va mot so chat hu c.
Trang 31

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
9.2. Cac bien oi

Bien oi hoa hoc va hoa ly:
Cac phn ng trao oi ion xay ra tai cac cot:
- Cot 1: la cationit loai acid manh co nhom chc
la -SO3H, co tac dung trao oi cation, chuyen cac
muoi thanh cac acid tng ng:
RSO3H + NaCl = RSO3Na + HCl
2RSO3H + CaSO4 = (RSO3)2Ca + H2SO4
- Cot 2: la anionit loai baz yeu co nhom chc la
NR3, co tac dung trao oi anion, hp th cc acid mnh
ng thi hp th cc cht hu c, cht mu:
NR3 + HCl NR3HCl
NR3 + H2SO4 (NR3)2H2SO4
- Cot 3 (hon hp): gom cationit loai acid manh co
nhom chc la SO3H va anionit loai baz manh co
nhom chc la OH e loai bo nhng ion a b
ro r qua hai cot au ng thi hp th c nhng acid yu m
khng c hp th bi hai ct trn.
Trao i anion:
ROH + NaCl = RCl + NaOH
2ROH + CaSO4 = R2SO4 + Ca(OH)2
Trao oi cation:
ROH + HCl = RCl + H2O
2ROH + H2SO4 = R2SO4 + 2H2O
Phan ng ay khong phai la thuan nghch.
Trao oi cation:
RSO3H + NaCl = RSO3Na + HCl
2RSO3H + CaSO4 = (RSO3)2Ca + H2SO4

Loai bo nhng ion trong dch ng da tren c s
trao oi ion gia cac cot nha trao oi ion vi cac ion
trong dung dch.
9.4. Thiet b
Cau tao:
Gom 3 cot hnh tru, trong moi cot co cha nha trao
oi:
- Cot 1 gom 1200 lt cationit loai acid manh, co
nhom chc l -SO3H.
Trang 32

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Cot 2 gom 1400 lt nha anionit loi kiem yeu, co

chc nang la mot anion NR 3 e hap thu cac acid
manh ra khoi cot.
- Ct 3 gm 800 lt nha anion loi kim manh c nhm chc -OH
va 400 lt nha cation loai acid manh co nhom
chc la -SO3H.
Nguyen tac hot ong:
Syrup c bm vao cot 1 e loi cation sau o qua cot
2 e loi anion va cuoi cung la qua cot 3 loi b nhng ion
cn st li v iu chnh pH cho dung dch. moi cot quy trnh
thc hien theo chieu t tren xuong. Khi lp nha nay
het tac dung se c tai sinh tr lai.
-
10. Loc an toan

Hoan thien san pham: loai bo triet e cac chat

ran khong tan trong dung dch con sot lai (chu yeu la
nhng manh vun nha b be ra t cot trao oi ion).
10.2. Cac bien oi

Bien oi hoa ly: tach pha cac chat ran con sot lai
ra khoi pha long.
Ta dung thiet b loc s.

Cau tao: la thiet b hnh tru ben trong co cac cot
s thang ng.
Nguyen tac hoat ong:
Lp dch ng i vao thiet b loc theo chieu vao
pha tren, i qua mot lp s. Lp s nay se gi lai
nhng tap chat ran, ch cho dung dch i qua.
11. Chnh pH
Hoan thien san pham: tao pH phu hp cho san

pham, tao v thch hp cho san pham.
Bao quan: pH thap cung co tac dung chong vi sinh
vat.
11.2. Cac bien oi

Khong ang ke.
Trang 33

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
11.3. Phng phap thc hien ve thiet b

S dung NaHCO3 hoac acid citric e chnh pH cho san
pham, qua trnh chnh pH c thc hien trong thiet b
cha trc khi a vao thiet b co ac.
Thong so ky thuat
pH = 4.5 6.0
12. Co ac chan khong

Hoan thien san pham: qua trnh co ac nham tang
nong o chat kho, tao ieu kien cho qua trnh van
chuyen va phan phoi san pham.
Bao quan: do nong o ng cao nen kha nang c
che vi sinh vat cao.
12.2. Bien oi
Vat ly:
- o nht tang.
- Nong o tang .
- Khoi lng giam (do mat i mot lng nc).
- The tch giam.
- Nhiet o tang.
Hoa ly:
- Boc hi nc.
- Co the bay hi chat mui.

Qua trnh co ac c thc hien bang thiet b co
ac chan khong vi buong ot co ong tuan hoan
ngoai va co kem theo thiet b ngng tu Baromet.
ay la thiet b co ac buong ot ngoai dng ng
nen co cac u iem:
- Giam bt c khoang cach theo chieu cao gia
buong ot va khong gian boc hi, co the ieu
chnh c s tuan hoan.
- Hoan toan tach het bot, v buong ot cach xa
khong gian hi.
- Co kha nang s dung khong gian hi nh la
mot bo phan phan ly loai ly tam.
- Do s dng h c c chn khng nn t gy ra bin i cho sn phm.
Tuy nhien he thong cung co mot so khuyet iem
sau:
Trang 34

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Do he thong hoat ong lien tuc nen dung dch

nhap lieu phai trang thai soi, dan en tieu
hao chi ph cho thiet b gia nhiet e gia nhiet dung
dch nhap lieu trc khi vao noi.
Thong so ky thuat
Bang 15
PCK
720mmHg
Phi
2kg/cm2
Thi
23h (khi at Bx
gian
yeu cau)
Nhiet
6065
o
-
12.4. Nguyen tac hoat ong

Dung dch i vao buong ot
c un soi e tao thanh hon
hp hi long i vao buong boc,
ay hi th c tach ra va
i len pha tren. Dung dch quay
ve buong ot theo ong tuan
hoan ngoai.
Thiet b hoat ong theo
nguyen tac oi lu t nhien do
s chenh lech khoi lng rieng
nhng vung syrup co nhiet
o khac nhau. buong boc,
syrup boc hi lam tang o Bx,
dan en lam tang khoi lng
rieng, buong ot syrup c
gia nhiet nen khoi lng rieng
nhe hn. Do vay ma syrup se tuan hoan t buong boc
sang buong ot va ay syrup t buong ot sang
buong boc. Khi nong o chat kho at yeu cau, dung
dch se c xa xuong theo tng me.
Hnh 11:
Thiet b co ac
Hon hp long hi trong buong boc c phan ly
nh hai yeu to: chieu cao buong boc va s thay oi
quan tnh cua hon hp khi vao bo phan tach bot.
Trang 35

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Hi th i vao thiet b Baromet va c lam nguoi

tai ay.
13. Rot san pham

Hoan thien san pham: tao cho san pham co hnh
dang ep
Bao quan: ngan s tiep xuc cua moi trng vi
san pham gay cac bien oi h hai.
13.2. Cac bien oi

Khong co bien oi ang ke
Glucose syrup c ong goi trong cac thung HMHDPE,

thung MS co bao boc bi cau oxy hoac thung MS bang
phang theo yeu cau cua khach hang.
IV. SO SANH HAI QUY TRNH CONG NGHE

Vn
trnh
Quy trnh 2
Quy
san Cn kim sot nghim
ngt hn v thng s
xuat
cng ngh nhm p
ng cc hm a mc
tiu ( thit b, nng
lng, kinh t,...)
Chi ph nng lng
Cao hn do thit b lm
vic nhit v p
sut cao hn
u t thit b
Cao hn do chi ph
nhiu cho thit b chu
p cao hn
Thi gian thy phn
Nhanh do thy phn
nhit cao hn
Hiu sut thu hi sn Thp hn do tn tht
phm
nhiu trong qu trnh
thy phn ( phn ng
caramel, Maillard,..)
Trang 36
Quy trnh 1
Qu trnh kim sot t
nghim ngt hn
Thp hn
Thp hn
Di hn do thy phn
nhit thp
Cao hn

Van Viet Man
Cht lng sn phm

nhim mi trng
An ton lao ng
V.
GVHD: Le
Tt hn do thy phn Km hn
trit hn
C th nhiu hn do lm t hn
vic nhit v p
sut cao th cc ha cht
dc hi bay hi cng
nh khuch tn nhanh
hn vo mi trng
xung quanh.
Km hn do lm vic
thit b chu nhit v
chu p cao hn.
SAN PHAM
Ch tiu cm quan:
Nht, ng nht, trong sut, khng c tp cht
Khng mu n vng nht
Mi thm c trng
V ngt thanh
Ch tiu ha l v vt l:
Hm lng cht kh
: 80%
Maltose
: 40%
Tro
: 0.04%
Pb
: 0.05mg/kg
As
: 0.05mg/kg
pH
:
4,6 6,0
DE
: 42
Nhit nng chy
: 1550C
Ch tiu vi sinh:
Coli forms
: 30tb/100g
Tng s vi khun
: 3000tb/g
Salmonella
: khng c
Bang 16: ac tnh ky thuat san pham
MANIOC GLUCOSE SYRUP-MANICANDY 4084
Trang 37

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Min
44.4
5
Ham lng chat 84.0
kho (%)
DE (%)
37.0
pH
4.5
SO2 (ppm)
25oC
Baurne Coml
o nht
35oC
Max
44.95
85.0
40.0
5.5
200.0
2x106
cps
5x106
cps
Bang 17: Ham lng ng (% theo chat kho)

Dextrose
Maltose
Trisaccharid
e
Polysacchari
de
Superior
Sugars
16.9
0
13.2
0
11.2
0
24.7
0
34.0
Bang 18: ac tnh ky thuat cua GLUCOSE SYRUP trong

cong nghe banh keo[9]
STT
Thong so
1
2
Hnh dang
Mau sac
3
4
o trong
DS
nv
Loai
Loai SDC
SDC 401
403
Loai SDP
411
Loai SDP
412
Chat long set, ngot, trong sach

Khong mau en mau vang
nhat
Trong suot
85.5
83 84 85
82
Trang 38

Van Viet Man
5
6
DE
pH
Ham
lng tro
SO2
8
9
GVHD: Le
38 - 42 38 42 38 -45
4.7
4.8
4.8 5.5
5.7
5.5
0.3 max
ppm 400
(max)
400
(max)
Gii han
vi sinh vat
50 (max)
38 - 45
4.8 5.5
50 (max)
Khong
co
Salmonella,
E.coli;
tong lng vi sinh
vat 10,000 CFU/g
SDC = STANDARD CONFECTIONERY GRADE (tieu chuan

cua cac loai keo)
SDP = STANDARD PHARM GRADE
Chu y: nhng thong so nh ham lng am, DS, DE
co the thc hien cho phu hp nhng oi hoi khac
nhau.
Hnh 10: Cc chai glucose syrup
Trang 39

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Hnh 11: Glucose syrup c ng gi trong thng phuy ln khi lng 1 tn
VI. THANH TU CONG NGHE & HNG NGHIEN

CU HIEN NAY
A. San xuat maltodextrin va glucose syrup t tinh bot

chuoi tren qui mo phong th nghiem
Tom tat noi dung
Maltodextrin san xuat t tinh bot chuoi gom cac
bc: ho hoa dch bot (nong o 20%w/w) trong nc
soi trong 10 phut vi pH = 6.5, sau o lam nguoi en
75oC roi bo sung -amylase (t Bacillus vi nong o
0.01%w/v) e dch hoa trong 15 phut, cuoi cung lam
nguoi va ly tam. Maltodextrin t tinh bot chuoi co DE
khoang 7-11, co nhng ac tnh hoa hoc thch hp cho
ng dung trong thc pham, va co mau trang sang hn
so vi san pham maltodextrin thng mai.
Trang 40

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Glucose syrup t tinh bot chuoi co the thu c bang

cach
ng
hoa
tiep
tuc
maltodextrin
vi
amyloglucosidase (0.05%w/w) va pullulanase (0.03%w/w)
60oC trong 24h. ac tnh hoa hoc cua glucose syrup chuoi
tng t nh cac san pham glucose syrup thng mai. Tuy
nhien, mau sac cua glucose syrup chuoi sang hn;
nhng o ben mau sac cua no kem hn va co the
b thay oi trong qua trnh tang tr.
Maltodextrin va glucose syrup t tinh bot chuoi co
chat lng tng ng vi san pham t tinh bot bap.
ac biet mau sac cua maltodextrin chuoi rat thch hp
cho cac san pham thc pham.
1. Gii thieu
Tinh bot la polysaccharide d tr trong cay xanh bac

cao, la nhng hat bot trong luc lap cua la xanh va
trong nhng c quan d tr nh la hat, au va cu. Tinh
bot rat de trch ly bang phng phap vat ly. Nhng
tinh bot dan xuat ong vai tro kinh te quan trong.
Chang han nhng san pham t tinh bot c s dung
lam nguon chat tao ngot. Nhng ng dung gan ay
cua tinh bot trong thc pham la lam chat thay the cho
chat beo trong san xuat thc pham calorie co ham
lng chat beo thap. Tinh bot co the c thuy phan
e thu nhan glucose syrup hoac maltodextrin lam chat
tao ngot hoac thc pham chc nang. Tinh bot c
thuy phan theo phng phap truyen thong bang acid,
nhng nhng cong nghe mi eu s dung enzym. Co 5
nhom enzym dung trong thuy phan tinh bot. Endo- va
exoamylase c ban hoat ong tren lien ket 1- 4 , trai
lai enzym cat mach nhanh th hoat ong tren lien ket
1- 6. Nhom th t la isomerase, hoat ong chuyen
glucose thanh fructose. Cuoi cung la nhom cyclodextrin
glycosyltranferase phan cat tinh bot bang phan ng
khong thuan nghch.
San xuat dextrose t tinh bot gom cac bc thuy
phan bang enzym lien tiep, au tien s dung enzym
chu nhieu -amylase e dch hoa tinh bot sau o them
enzym amyloglucosidase e ng hoa tinh bot. Bc
cuoi cung la thuy phan nhng oligosaccharide hoac
dextrin e tao nhng ng co phan t lng thap
hn nh glucose, maltose, hoac hon hp. Trai lai, san
Trang 41

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
xuat maltodextrin la thu nhan san pham bao gom cac

goc D-glucose c ban la lien ket 1,4 co DE thap hn 20.
Maltodextrin thng mai dang bot trang hoac dung
dch am ac. Mac du theo truyen thong th bap van
c s dung e san xuat glucose syrup va
maltodextrin, nhng van co the s dung cac nguon tinh
bot khac nh la san, khoai tay hoac ke. Trong phan
trnh bay nay s dung tinh bot chuoi e san xuat
glucose syrup va maltodextrin.
2. Nguyen lieu va phng phap

2.1. Trch ly tinh bot
Tinh bot chuoi c trch ly t chuoi cha chn ( Musa
paradisiaca). Qua c got vo va cat khoanh t 5-6cm
(tong khoi lng la 500g), sau o c ra s trong
dung dch Natri sulfate (1.22g/l) va ngam trong dung dch
sulfite (t le 1:1) trong 2 phut van toc cham trong
thiet b khuay tron Waring. Dung dch ong nhat c
sang lien tiep qua sang 50 va sang 100 US mesh cho
ti khi nc ra trong suot. Dch c ly tam
10800xg trong 30 phut va can c lam kho trong lo
say oi lu 40oC trong 48h, va cuoi cung c nghien
cho ti khi lot qua sang 100 US. Tinh bot chuoi c
tang tr nhiet o thng trong thiet b cha kn.
2.2. Chuan b maltodextrin
Huyen phu tinh bot c hoa trong nc cat

(20%w/v) c ieu chnh en pH = 6.5 va sau o ho
hoa trong nc soi trong 10 phut. Sau khi lam nguoi
en 72oC, bo sung enzym -amylase t Bacillus vi nong
o 0.01%w/w. Hoat tnh cua enzym -amylase la 8500 n
v BAU/g (BAU = hoat o cua enzym ma giai phong
1.0mg ng kh sau 3 phut 20 oC). Hon hp c
ay kn va phan ng thuy phan c thc hien
72oC trong 15 phut vi che o khuay tron nhe. Sau o
san pham c lam lanh en 4oC trong be nc a va
sau o c ly tam 1100xg trong 30 phut. Nhng chat
noi tren mat nc c thu hoi va enzym c vo
hoat trong nc (10 phut), sau o them HCl 0.1N e
chnh pH ve t 3.5-4.5. Sau khi say thang hoa, DE
khoang 12.
Trang 42

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
2.3. Chuan b dch glucose syrup chuoi

Thuy phan tinh bot c thc hien bang cach dung
maltodextrin chuoi a c thu nhan trc o. Bo sung
amyloglucosidase (0.05%w/w) va pullulanase (0.03%w/w)
vao dch malotdextrin (0.2g/ml) trong nc cat c ieu
chnh pH ve 4.5. Hoat o cua enzym amyloglucosidase la
2500 n v/g ( mot n v la hoat o cua enzym ma
giai phong 1.0mg/phut t tinh bot 37oC). Va hoat
o cua pullulanase la 750000 n v/ml (mot n v la
hoat tnh cua enzym giai phong 1.0mol/phut ng
kh t pullulan 25oC). Qua trnh ng hoa c thc
hien 60oC trong 24h. Sau o dung dch c lam lanh
en 4oC trong be nc a va sau o ly tam 11000xg
trong 30 phut. Nhng chat con noi tren be mat c
lam sach bang cach tron vi than hoat tnh (10%w/v)
55oC trong 30 phut. Sau khi ly tam glucose syrup c co
ac en 40% chat kho trong thiet b co ac dang
thung quay.
2.4. Phng phap phan tch

2.4.1. Maltodextrin
Ham lng nc c xac nh bang khoi lng b
mat i sau khi nung nong (130 oC) 4-5g san pham va
phan tram chat kho tong c xac nh ngc lai.
Nong o protein (Nx5.85) c xac nh theo phng
phap AACC 46-131. DE c xac nh quyet nh ham
lng ng kh (reducing sugar RS) dung dung dch
Fehling. Cong thc:
RS = (ham lng ng kh)* 100/ (ml chuan o)
DE = (RS)*100/ (% tong ham lng chat kho)
pH c xac nh nhiet o phong trong dung dch
maltodextrin sau khi hoa tan hoan toan 50g mau trong
50ml nc cat 50 oC. Mau c o lng vi thiet b
Hunter-Lab. L (o sang), a (o ket tua mau o/xanh la
cay), va b (o ket tua mau vang/xanh da tri), gia
tr nay c ghi lai, dung tieu chuan a c thiet
lap gia tr L, a, b (L 91.2, a 1.0, b 1.7) nh la chat
chuan. o khac biet mau tong (E) c tnh toan t
thong so Hunter. Tro sulfate c xac nh sau khi nung
thanh tro 5g mau 550 oC trong 3h, lam nguoi en
nhiet o phong, them 3-5 giot acid sulphuric sau o
Trang 43

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
nung nong 800oC trong 2h. Sau o phan con lai em i

can va s khac biet ve khoi lng cho biet ham
lng cua tro sulfate.
2.4.2. Glucose syrup
DE va pH c xac nh nh tren. Ham lng tro cung
c o lng nh trong maltodextrin, nhng trong trng
hp nay 15g mau c s dung. Mau c o bang
phng phap pho quang, xac nh phan tram ang sang
truyen qua (%T) dung nc va kali dicromat lam chat
chuan. Ket qua c ghi di dang n v mat o
quang (optical density unit ODU) theo cong thc:
ODU = (logT600nm logT450nm)/be day truyen qua
anh gia o ben mau
Thong so nay la o gia tang mau trong dch glucose
syrup do qua trnh un nong trong be nc soi trong 1h,
dung cong thc:
DO = Dof Doo
DO: o gia tang ve mau sac
Dof: mat o quang cuoi cung
Doo: mat o quang ban au
3. Ket qua va ban luan

San lng tinh bot t chuoi la 43.8%. Ket qua cho
thay ham lng protein trong ca hai maltodextrin thng
mai va maltodextrin chuoi eu thap. Mc o protein
trong maltodextrin phai thap hn 1% e ngan can qua
trnh san sinh cac phc chat mau trong phan ng
Maillard. Tro sulfate trong ca hai trng hp la khong
khac nhau, nhng hoat o nc trong maltodextrin thng
mai th cao hn. Mac du ham lng nc trong
maltodextrin chuoi cao hn, nhng do mach glucose dai hn
(DE thap hn) nen ham lng nc lien ket cao hn,
ket qua la aw thap. Maltodextrin chuoi co hnh dang
hat khong eu, co nhng goc nhon va be mat tho
ram, con maltodextrin thng mai co dang hnh cau, co
goc tron va be mat phang. Nhng tinh bot khac nhau
c thuy phan khac nhau cho cung mot enzym. Tren
thc te, ay la ly do ma nhng tinh bot khac nhau
c con ngi tieu hoa cac mc o khac nhau.
Mat khac, qui trnh va ieu kien san xuat maltodextrin
se quyet nh hnh dang va cau truc hat. pH trong hai
Trang 44

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
trng hp la hoan toan giong nhau. Mat khac, qui

trnh va ieu kien san xuat maltodextrin cung quyet
nh en s khac biet nho nay. Tuy nhien khong co
thong tin ve ieu kien san xuat maltodextrin thng
mai.
Maltodextrin thng mai co gia tr L, a, b thap hn
maltodextrin chuoi. E cua maltodextrin chuoi th cao hn
so vi maltodextrin thng mai. Do o maltodextrin chuoi
co mau trang uc hn so vi maltodextrin thng mai.
Maltodextrin t tinh bot amaranth co gia tr L giong vi
maltodextrin chuoi nhng co a cao hn va b thap hn (E
t amaranth thap hn). Mau sac la thong so quan
trong e anh gia kha nang ng dung cua
maltodextrin trong thc pham.
Ham lng chat kho trong glucose syrup th giong va
vt qua gia tr c gii thieu cho san pham. Ham
lng tro sulfate trong glucose syrup chuoi th hi cao hn so
vi glucose syrup thng mai, s khac biet nay chu
yeu do ham lng kali trong chuoi cao. DE cua glucose
syrup chuoi va thng mai giong nhau va eu cao hn
mc o toi thieu cho tieu chuan cua glucose syrup
(>20). DE co gia tr t 50-70 trong dch ng thuy
phan t tinh bot bap, vi nong o maltose cao va
giam ham lng ng cao phan t. Gia tr DE cao khi
thuy phan tinh bot lua m thanh glucose.
Gia tr pH trong hai san pham la giong nhau.
Mau sac cua glucose syrup chuoi sang hn syrup
thng mai. Sau o qua trnh lam trong vi than hoat
tnh se thu c glucose syrup co ac tnh mau sac phu
hp vi cong nghe thc pham. Tuy nhien glucose syrup
chuoi co o ben mau thap hn va mau sac thay oi
theo thi gian bao quan. o ben mau la thong so
quan trong e anh gia kha nang ng dung cua
glucose syrup.
Chuoi cha chn co the dung e trch ly tinh bot e
san xuat maltodextrin va glucose syrup nh la mot chon
la ot pha ve cong nghe bi v moi nam cac
nc latinh mot so lng ln chuoi b mat i do qua
trnh x ly sau thu hoach khong ay u.
Trang 45

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Ket luan
Thanh phan hoa hoc cua maltodextrin va glucose
syrup t chuoi th phu hp vi tieu chuan oi vi
san pham va hoan toan giong vi san pham thng
mai. ac biet, mau sac cua maltodextrin chuoi th rat
thch hp s dung trong thc pham.
B. Ket hp malt thoc va enzym amyloglucosidase e san
xuat syrup ng t tinh bot san
Tom tat noi dung
Bai nay nghien cu thuy phan tinh bot san bang
s
ket
hp
dch
chiet
malt
thoc
(RME)
va
amyloglucosidase (AMG). RME c chuan b bang cach
tao malt thoc trong 10 ngay 28 oC. Anh hng cua
nong o RME en toc o dch hoa va nong o cua
AMG len toc o ng hoa c nghien cu. S can
nhac ve nhiet o, pH va thi gian cung c nghien
cu. Cac loai ng co trong syrup c nh tnh va
nh lng bang phng phap HPLC. Nong o RME cao
nhat co the dch hoa 10%w/v tinh bot san la 8%w/v
trong mot gi. S dung ket hp 8%w/v hoac 10%w/v
dch chiet malt thoc (RME) vi 300 n v/ml AMG hoac
200 n v/ml AMG e dch hoa va ng hoa tinh bot
se thu c san lng ng nhieu nhat. Co the thu
c dch ng co DE at 80 neu ket hp mot so
ieu kien moi trng thch hp ong thi, cu the la
ieu chnh nhiet o 60 oC, pH = 4.5 trong thi gian 4.5h
(bao gom ca thi gian dch hoa va ng hoa). Phan
tch HPLC cho thay khi ch s dung dch chiet malt thoc
th dch ng thu c cha glucose, maltose va cac
loai ng khac. Con neu ket hp RME va AMG th san
pham thu c ch cha glucose va maltose.
Chu y: oi vi AMG th n v/ml co ngha la lng
enzym cam s dung e giai phong 1mg glucose trong 3
phut pH = 4.5 nhiet o 55oC
1. Gii thieu
Thuy phan tinh bot cong nghiep tao glucose syrup co

the thc hien theo qui trnh hoan toan s dung enzym.
Qua trnh phan cat c thc hien qua hai bc (dch
hoa va ng hoa). Co nhieu enzym co the thuy
Trang 46

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
phan tinh bot va tnh chat cua chung khac nhau ang
ke. Trong san xuat cong nghiep cua syrup giau maltose
vi he enzym exomaltogenic, enzym cat mach nhanh
luon c s dung, ca hai eu nham tang ham lng
maltose va rut ngan thi gian phan ng. Martensson
(1974) a kiem tra tac ong cua nong o pullulanase
len thi gian tao maltose trong qua trnh thuy phan 1%
tinh bot tai mot nong o -amlylase co nh. Houng a
phat trien mot mo hnh ong hoc cho qua trnh thuy
phan tinh bot bang enzym bang cach s dung ong
thi hai enzym -amylase va isoamylase trong mot he
thong lo phan ng loc qua thiet b sieu loc. Fujii
(1988) a neu len tac ong ho tr cua -amylase va
glucoamylase len qua trnh thuy phan tinh bot.
Tinh bot san co nhieu u iem cho qua trnh thuy
phan xay ra hoan toan va de dang. Lages va
Tannenbaum (1978) a nghien cu qua trnh ng hoa
ca tinh bot san va bot san xay tho dung he enzym
kep. Chung chuyen hoa gan 100%. Zanin va De Moraes
(1996) a thuyet minh mot mo hnh thuy phan tinh bot
san. Theo truyen thong th ng nha ch cha khoang
30-40% maltose va mot lng ln ng con lai la
dextrin.
Mot nghien cu c hng dan qua trnh kiem tra
s thuy phan tinh bot san bang cach dung ket hp
malt thoc va amylogluosidase trong san xuat cac loai
ng syrup.
2. Nguyen lieu va phng phap
Loai gao deo Rio Grande c mua t Irrigation

Development Authority (IDA).
Cu san ti c mua t nong trng Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Amyloglucosidase (AMG) t Aspergillus niger vi hoat o
6000 n v/ml dung dch glucose cha 0.5% Natri benzoate
nh la chat bao quan.
2.1. Chuan b dch chiet malt thoc

Malt ti c can vao 100ml dung dch em acid citicNatri phosphate (pH c ieu chnh bang HCl 0.1M hoac
NaOH 0.1M) va c khuay tron khong lien tuc trong 1h,
sau o hon hp c ly tam trong 15phut toc o
3000rpm. Nhng chat noi tren mat se c dung nh
Trang 47

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
la dch chiet malt thoc (RME) dung cho qua trnh thuy
phan tinh bot san trong ieu kien th nghiem
2.2. Xac nh nang lc enzym trong malt thoc

c thc hien theo phng phap AOAC (Association of
Official Analytical Chemist)
2.2.1. Anh hng cua nong o RME len t le dch
hoa
10% tinh bot san c ho hoa va 100 phan nay
c thuy phan dung cac nong o cua RME khac
nhau (2, 4, 6, 8, va 10%w/v). 10 phan nong o enzym c
dung e thuy phan tinh bot. Qua trnh thuy phan
c thc hien trong be nc ieu nhiet co khuay
tron pH 5.5, nhiet o 55 oC. Qua trnh thuy phan c
thc hien trong 2h ba lan. Ham lng ng c xac
nh thong qua ham lng ng kh va ch so DE.
2.2.2.
Anh hng cua nong o AMG len t le
ng hoa
c thc hien bang cach them 200, 300, 400, 500,
va 600 n v AMG/ml va dch thuy phan tinh bot (DE 37)
t tinh bot san a thuy phan bang RME. Hon hp
c ng hoa 55oC va pH 4.5 trong 2h va dng lai
bang cach tang nhiet o len nhiet o soi trong 10
phut. Tong ham lng ng kh c xac nh nh
tren.
Hieu qua cua s ket hp enzym va nong o len
ham lng ng
Nghien cu viec ch s dung RME va viec s dung
ket hp RME va AMG e thuy phan tinh bot san a
ho hoa. 10 phan nong o enzym (2, 4, 6, 8, va 10%w/v)
cua RME moi phan c dung e thuy phan 100 phan
tinh bot 10% trong dung dch em acid citric-Natri
phosphate trong ba lan pH 5.5, nhiet o 55 oC trong be
ieu nhiet trong 2h. Me th hai c thuy phan nh
tren trong 1h va pH cua dch thuy phan sau o c
chnh ve pH 4.5 va nhiet o tang len 60oC e tiep
tuc thuy phan trong 1h na co vi s bo sung them 20
phan AMG (200-600n v/ml).
Trang 48

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
2.2.3. Cach sap xep th nghiem va phan tch thong ke

Bang 19: Tom tat cac bien cua qui trnh
Ket hp 20 bien trong qua trnh tien hanh th

nghiem. Anh hng cua cac bien oc lap len ham
lng ng. Phan tch ngc dang bac thang va phan
tch o dao ong (ANOVA) c s dung e x ly d
lieu dung phan mem may tnh Statgraphics (thong ke
o hoa).
Xac nh thong so ham lng ng trong dch thuy
phan tinh bot san bang phng phap HPLC.
Mau (dch thuy phan tinh bot san) c pha loang
vi nc cat en t le pha loang la 6.25 va c bm
t ong vao HPLC. Thi gian xuat hien peak, chieu cao
peak, va be rong peak cua tng ng rieng le c
so sanh vi glucose va maltose chuan. Pha ong la
acetonnitrile va nc (70:30) toc o chay la
1ml/phut va nhiet o cot la 40oC.
3. Ket qua va ban luan

3.1. Anh hng cua nong o enzym len toc o
phan ng
Hnh 1 (Fig.1) cho thay anh hng cua nong o RME

len toc o phan ng cua qua trnh dch hoa tinh bot.
nong o tinh bot san khong oi (10%w/v), nong o
RME c tang t 2%w/v ti 10%w/v e thuy phan tinh
bot a ho hoa. Toc o dch hoa tang khi tang nong
o cua RME t 2%w/v cho en 8%w/v va bat au giam
t 8%w/v en 10%w/v. Trong hau het cac phan ng
thuy phan bang enzym, toc o phan ng tang t le
vi nong o cua enzym. t nhat la trong suot giai oan
Trang 49

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
au cua phan ng. S giam hoat tnh ro rang la do

s can kiet c chat. Mot ly do khac la do s gii han
cua hon hp phan ng, no tr nen bao hoa
nong o cao hay s can tr cua san pham (khi nong
o san pham u ln).
Hnh 2 (Fig.2) cho thay toc o cua qua trnh ng

hoa bi enzym AMG len dch thuy phan tinh bot san
DE 37 bi RME. Toc o ng hoa tang khi tang nong
o cua enzym AMG.
Trang 50

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
3.2. Anh hng cua s ket hp va nong o

enzym len ham lng ng
Ham lng ng cao nhat 31.88 va 32.35DE xay ra

nong o enzym 8% va 10%w/v khi dung RME dch hoa
trong 2h. Nebesyn (1990)cho biet DE 36.6 sau khi thuy
phan 4h dung 8mg/ml maltogenase. Khi RME dung ket
hp vI AMG cac nong o 2% + 600 n v AMG/ml, 2%
+ 600 n v AMG/ml, 4% + 500 n v AMG/ml, 6% + 400 n
v AMG/ml, 8% + 300 n v AMG/ml, va 10% + 200 n v
AMG/ml, ham lng ng thu c cao hn khi ch s
dung RME. S ket hp RME va AMG nong o 8% + 300
n v AMG/ml, 10% + 200 n v AMG/ml cho ham lng
ng cao nhat 53.81 va 54.08DE sau 2h thuy phan. S
ket hp 2% + 600 n v AMG/ml co ham lng thap hn.
Nebesyn (1989) cho biet DE 48.4 sau 8h thuy phan dung
15MANU maltogenase ket hp vi 0.4PUN pullulanase.
Nebesyn (1990) cho biet DE 22.6 sau 4h thuy phan vi
0.12FAU Fungamyl -amylase va DE 33.6 sau 4h thuy phan
dung 0.08FAU Fungamyl -amylase ket hp vi 0.0375AG
amyloglucosidase. Co nhieu enzym thuy phan tinh bot
cho ham lng ng rat cao, va moi enzym nay ch
ong gop mot mc o nao o oi vi ham lng
cuoi cung va loai ng c san xuat. So sanh ham
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
lng ng khi ch dung RME va khi dung ket hp vi

AMG, ham lng ng thap hn khi dung RME co le la
do enzym -amylase ton tai trong RME ch thuy phan
c lien ket 1-4 trong amylopectin va cac polysaccharide
lien quan ma khong thuy phan c lien ket 1-6. San
pham chu yeu co the la oligosaccharide co chieu dai
mach thay oi va mot lng nho glucose bi v amylase cat ngau nhien mot phan t trong mach tinh
bot thanh phan t nho hn. Viec tang ham lng
ng khi s dung ket hp vi AMG cho thay co mot
loai hoat tnh khac. AMG la enzym hoat ong exo-, cat
nhanh tinh bot t au khong kh thanh glucose va
tang ham lng ng. Enzym nay cung thuy phan
yeu oi vi lien ket -1-6, mot nhan to thng mai
quan trong bi v hoat tnh nay cho phep san xuat syrup
giau glucose. Hoat tnh manh hn oi vi lien ket nay
co the thc hien c bang cach cho them nhieu
enzym. Tuy nhien ieu nay co the dan en nhng
phan ng phu khong mong muon nh phan ng glucose
polyme hoa tao isomaltose, va do o san lng ng
se thap hn. Chon la s ket hp va lieu lng enzym
la nhan to quan trong e at c ham lng ng
mong muon. Niagam va Singh (1995) cho rang vi mot
can bang an toan ve t le cua AMG oi vi -amylase
co the thu c syrup giau gluocse (30-50% glucose, 3040% maltose), syrup giau maltose (30-50% maltose, 6-10%
glucose).
Trang 52

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Khi RME c dung ket hp vi AMG, cong thc tnh

cho san lng la:
Z=-2966.319473+58.386971X1+512.76047X2-0.50188X1250.276762X222.611668X32+1.254368X1X3-0.186614X1X2X3
(trong o: X1 = nhiet o, X2 = pH, X3 = thI gian, Z = ham

lng ng kh va R2 =82.77%). Mc rui ro la P< 0.
Cong thc nay dung e d oan ham lng ng
kh t tinh bot san khi dung RME ket hp vi AMG.
Cong thc nay co the giai thch 80% o sai lech trong
ham lng. Phng phap ANOVA cho thay pH co ca anh
hng bac hai va bac nhat len san lng, nhiet o
va thi gian ch anh hng bac hai. Anh hng ket
hp gia nhiet o va thi gian; nhiet o, pH va thi
gian cung ang ke.
Hnh 4 (Fig.4) cho ch ra s o be mat phan ng cho

s anh hng cua nhiet o, pH va thi gian len ham
Trang 53

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
lng ng khi ket hp RME va AMG. Hnh a la anh

hng cua nhiet o va pH, hnh b la anh hng cua
nhiet o va thi gian, hnh c la anh hng cua pH va
thi gian.
Trong hnh a, ham lng ng tang khi nhiet o va
pH tang. Tuy nhien, ham lng bat au giam khi nhiet
o len en 60oC va pH 4.5. Brumn (1998) cho biet AMG
co khoang pH toi u rong gia 4.0 va 5.0 nhng thng
thc hien 4.3-4.5, o ben giam nhanh tren 60 oC. Hnh
b, ham lng ng tang khi nhiet o va thi gian
tang. AMG rat ben ieu kien toi thch (pH 4.5, 55 oC),
tuy nhien o ben b anh hng ln 60 oC va hn
na. Trong hnh c, ham lng ng tang khi pH va thi
gian tang. Anh hng cua pH thay ro tren ham lng
ng trong khi ham lng ng bat au giam sau
4.5h thuy phan. Ham lng toi u pH 4.5-4.6 trong 34.5h thuy phan. San lng toi u (65-80DE) nhiet o
60oC, pH 4.5 trong 4.5h.
3.3. Phan tch HPLC cho dch thuy phan tinh bot
S phan bo ng trong mot loai syrup nao o tat

nhien phu thuoc vao phng phap san xuat va loai
va so lng enzym s dung. ng c san xuat t
tinh bot khi ch s dung RME la do s co mat cua cac
loai enzym khac nhau co the co trong malt thoc. Malt
thoc
giau
enzym,
ac
biet
la
-amylase,
amyloglucosidase va dextrinase. -amylase va dextrinase
dung e san xuat maltose. Glucose co the c san
xuat thong qua hoat ong cua AMG la mot exo- enzym
thuy phan lien ket 1-4 va 1-6 t au khong kh cua
mach tinh bot. Bang 20 ch ra chat lng cua maltose,
glucose va cac loai ng khac trong syrup c san
xuat t tinh bot san bang he thong cac enzym khac
nhau.
Trang 54

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Bang 20: DE va loai ng c nh tnh va nh

lng bang HPLC trong syrup c san xuat t tinh bot
san bang RME va bang RME ket hp vi AMG
Trang 55

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Chat lng cua glucose va maltose la tuy thuoc vao

loai enzym va ieu kien thc hien. Celi (1995) cho biet
syrup c san xuat Viet Nam ch s dung malt thoc
cha 60% maltose, 16% glucose, va 24% cac polymer cao
phan t.
Ket luan
S ket hp AMG va RME se cho ham lng ng cao
trong san xuat syrup. Viec chon la hp ly ong thi
cac ieu kien nhiet o, pH va thi gian co the thu
c ham lng ng co DE 60-80.
C. Ky thuat phan tach sac ky trong qui trnh san xuat
glucose syrup
1. Gii thieu
Phan tach sac ky c s dung pho bien trong san
xuat ng va cac san pham t ng. Hn hai thap
nien troi qua, co nhieu tien bo ang ke trong viec
tm hieu hien tng phan tach sac ky , m rong kha
nang ng dung va tao ra nhng bc tien ln trong
thiet ke cot va ieu khien qui trnh. au tien, bai
nay se tom tat nhng tieu chuan can thiet e toi
u hoa qua trnh phan tach bang sac ky va sau o
mo ta nhng cach tan mi nhat trong mot he thong
lam viec lien tuc c ng dung trong cong nghiep
san xuat ng (polyol, glucose syrup.) Khai niem ve
qua trnh phan tach sac ky co the thu c de dang
va chuyen thanh he thong trao oi ion lien tuc ma
cung cap mot li ch kinh te nhat nh
2. Nha lam cot tru phan tach

Phng tien phan tach ien hnh dung trong he
thong sac ky vi qui mo ln dang long ma c
ng dung tren saccharide la nha trao oi cation co
lien ket ngang vi styrenic divynilbenzen c sulfate hoa
dang muoi, nhng cung co the la nha anion
dang muoi.
2.1. Dang ion cua nha

Theo truyen thong th phan tach ng c thc
hien vi cot nha dang Canxi, trong khi phan tach
Trang 56

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
ng va san pham khong phai ng c thc

hien vi nha dang Kali. Bang 1( Table 1) ch ra cac
chat trung gian phan tach thng mai tieu bieu cho dung
dch ng
Nha dang Canxi tao ra ong thi hai dang phan tach:
- au tien no hoat ong nh mot cai ray phan t:
nhng phan t co kch thc ln khong vao c
ben trong cac hat nha se c loai t hay nhieu
tuy thuoc va kch thc cua chung.
- Hoat ong th hai la phan tach da vao s khac
nhau ve o ben cua phc chat ng-Canxi: ch
co polyol va mot so ng nhat nh (fructose,
galactose) la co the hnh thanh phc chat. Nhng
hp chat khac (sucrose, glucose) khong hnh thanh
phc chat vi nha, va do o tao ra s phan
tach.
Nha dang Kali hoat ong theo nguyen tac loai bo
ion, da tren hien tng ien t va nh mot cai ray
phan t.
2.2. ac tnh chnh cua nha anh hng en

chat lng phan tach
ac tnh vat ly chnh cua cac chat trung gian phan
tach la kch thc hat, s phan bo kch thc lo va
kha nang chu ng shock ap suat tham thau.
Trang 57

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
1- Thong thng hat hnh tron va co s phan bo

kch thc ong eu va nho hn se cho hieu suat
phan tach cao hn. Kch thc va s phan bo hat la
nguyen nhan chnh cho ong lc hoc cua qua trnh
phan tach. Hat nhoi cang nho, be mat trao oi tren
mot n v the tch cang ln, hieu suat phan tach
cang cao. S phan bo kch thc va kch thc hat
nhoi quyet nh s giam ap suat thuy lc trong he
thong. Hat nhoi cang nho, s gim ap suat cang ln,
va chi ph hoat ong cang cao. Do o, can xac nh kch
thc hat toi u ve mat kinh te trong moi trng hp.
Hau het tat ca cac ng dung eu dung nha trao
oi ion vi ng knh hat khoang 0.2 en 0.4mm.
2- Nha can phai chu c ap lc c hoc cao gay ra
bi s giam ap thuy lc ln va chu ky co gian lap
lai. Do o kha nang chu ng shock ap suat tham
thau phai cao. Tnh chat c hoc lien quan en lien ket
ngang, hoac t le divynilbenzene (DBV) (tieu bieu la
khoang 4 en 8%):
- T le DVB thap ngan can xu hng co va gian
ln hn.
- T le DVB cao cung cap tnh ben vat ly cao hn,
cho kch thc nho hn, kha nang trao oi cao
hn va t le ham am thap hn.
Kha nang trao oi cang cao th co the gi lai nhng
hp chat co the tao phc vi Canxi cao hn.
3. He thong phan tach sac ky lien tuc
a) Nhng oi hoi c ban cho qua trnh phan tach

bang sac ky co qui mo cong nghiep dung nha trao
oi ion nh la chat trung gian phan tach
Dung dch ng c nap vao thiet b vi lu lng
khong oi va ham lng chat kho cao khoang 5070%DS, nhiet o cao khoang 60-80 oC, va khong co
nhng chat ran l lng. Can la chon tot nhat e toi
u ap suat hoat ong cho toan bo he thong. Trong
phan tach ng, nguyen lieu can c tach khoang
e tranh qua trnh thay the cua cac ion trai dau trong
cot bi cation trong nguyen lieu, neu khong se lam
giam hieu suat hoat ong. Hn na, can loai bo
nhng hp chat oxi hoa trong nguyen lieu bi v chung
anh hng en o ben cua nha trao oi
Trang 58

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Thng th ca hai nguyen lieu va dung moi ra giai

eu c kh kh trc khi vao thiet b e tranh s
oxi hoa nha (anh hng en thi gian song cua
nha), va tranh qua trnh tach kh xay ra trong ong
nha, neu khong se tao ra cac kenh dan. Loai va
chat lng cua cac ion trong nc can c ieu khien
tot. Nhng oi hoi tng t oi vi nguyen lieu.
Thng th dung moi ra giai la nc a kh ion
hoac ngng tu, i t qua trnh co ac cac phan t
ben ngoai thiet b. Neu ap ng yeu cau ve chat
lng cua nguyen lieu va dung moi ra giai th khong
can qua trnh tai sinh nha.
Tuy nhien, ieu kien hoat ong thong thng cua
qua trnh phan tach tao ra nhng manh vun nha co
the anh hng en s sut ap va s phan bo chat
long (tao kenh dan). Do o can co qua trnh ra cot
nha ben ngoai thiet b e loai bo nhng manh
vun nha.
b) Mo ta cac he thong FAST khac nhau: SMB, SMB
nhieu giai oan, SSMB, day lien tuc mi
He thong sac ky cua FAST (Finnsugar Applexion
Separation Technology) c ng dung trong qua trnh
san xuat ng va chat tao ngot e thu nhan hai hay
nhieu san pham. Da vao FAST, chung ta phan
thanh cac loai tach sac ky sau:
3.1. SMB (Simulated Moving Bed)

ay la he thong phan tach sac ky lien tuc, s
xoay vng lien tiep cua cac vung nha c th coi nh bn thn
ht ang chuyn ng ngc chiu vi dng tuan hoan chat long.
thap k 80, ky thuat nay c ng dung trong phan
tach mat r cua ma va cu cai ng. Hau het tat
ca cac nha san xuat HFCS quen thuoc vi qui trnh
nay trong ng dung lam giau cau t fructose, thng
se thu c syrup cha 55% fructose sau khi phoi tron lai
SMB c nh ngha la he thong nhap lieu lien tuc,
c ban c dung e phan tach lng phan va toi
thch cho dung dch hai cau t. Theo thoi quen, qua trnh
phan tach c nh ngha nh bang 2( table 2).
Trang 59

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Moi vung c xac nh bang the tch ct nha (BV:

the tch nha lan dung moi), lu lng chay trong vung
va thi gian lap lai. The tch ct nha co the ieu
chnh tuy theo the tch ra gii rieng (SEV) cua cac
thanh phan c phan tach.
Nhng qui luat sau se chi phoi thiet ke ky thuat he
thong (Table 3)
Hieu qua phan tach tuy thuoc vao the tch ct

(bed volumn) rieng khac nhau gia cac phan t
Trang 60

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
can phan tach. S khac nhau cang ln, tai

trong (kha nang nap lieu) cua he thong cang
cao.
- Ham lng nc ra gii tang khi tai trong cua he
thong tang. S khac nhau ve the tch ct rieng
cang ln, lng nc oi hoi cang nhieu.
- Nong o chat kho cua nguyen lieu ieu chnh
cao nh co the e han che s phan tan khi
nhap mau (chang han toi u la 60Brix cho phan
tach he glucose va fructose).
- So lng te bao phan tach anh hng en
hieu qua phan tach.
Do o cang nhieu ong, o tinh sach cua cau t
cang cao. Toi u la t 8-12 ong.
3.2. Qui trnh SMB nhieu giai oan
Nhng qui trnh gan ay bao gom 2 giai oan. o la

s ket hp cua hai he thong phan tach, he thong
nay sau he thong kia nham tang kha nang thu nhan
va tinh sach cac phan t b chong chap len nhau. e
han che qui mo cua he thong th hai can co mot
thiet b co ac trung gian.
Qui trnh nay c ap dung trong cong nghe tach
ng t mat r, gia hai cau t chong chap nhau la
sucrose va betaine.
3.3. SSMB (Sequential Simulated Moving Bed)
He thong nay phat trien t he thong SMB. Co

ngha la ve c ban bao gom cac cong nghe:
- 8 (hoac hn na) cac cot giong nhau.
- Cac tuan hoan chat long.
- Co the nhap mau va lay san pham tai au
vao va au ra cua moi te bao phan tach.
iem khac biet bao gom:
- Nhap mau va lay phan oan gian oan.
- Chia nho moi bc SMB thanh 3 hoac 4 bc
nho hn.
Do o, toc o dong chay trong he thong co the
toi u trong moi vung, cac phan oan c lay ra trong
ieu kien toi u, do o co nh hng tch cc ti s gim p
suat va o sach cua phan oan. Qui trnh nay oi hoi
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
nhieu s ieu khien phc tap khi can thc hien o

tinh sach cua cau t cao.
3.4. New Sequential multiprofile process (ky thuat

nhieu profile lien tiep)
He thong nay dung e phan tach he nhieu cau

t.
He thong nay la mot ky thuat tach ra, khong
lien tuc, qua trnh phan tach c thc hien tren
toan bo chieu dai thiet b. Nhap lieu mot au
thiet b va lay san pham au cuoi cung cua thiet
b. Do o chieu dai thiet b va the tch nhap lieu can
ieu chnh e co s khac biet ve ai lc cua cac
cau t vi cot nha.
No c nh ngha la qui trnh 2 profile khac vi
qui trnh 1 profile trong cac qui trnh phan tach thong
thng (chang han qui trnh SMB), no cung co the co
nhieu hn hai pha ong.
He thong nay co the ng dung dung hai profile
trong phan tach mat r va nhieu hn hai profile trong
phan tach loi bo ion.
c) Hieu qua phan tach tieu bieu
ng dung co ien nhat la phan tach he glucosefructose e san xuat HFCS (bang 4), co the thu c
san pham cha ham lng glucose rat cao len en 99%
(bang 5).
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Van Viet Man
3.5 Phan xng cong nghiep
GVHD: Le
Ky thuat nay c ng dung rong rai trong cong

nghiep cong nghe sinh hoc va dc pham, kch thc
phan xng kha nho (x 100 lit nha). No cung c
dung trong cong nghiep ng e phan tach ng
hoac tinh sach cac dung dch co o tinh khiet thap,
oi hoi kch thc nha ln hn (x 100m 3). Kha nang
cua nha may va hieu qua cua nha quyet nh en
toan bo the tch nha can thiet lap. Trong nhieu
Trang 63

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
trng hp, do s gii han ve ket cau may moc, ac

biet la ng knh cot, can nhieu hn mot thiet b
phan tach. Chang han nh trong phan xng phan
tach ng t mat r can 100m3 nha.
Khi n v cha cao (chang han nh trong phan tach
ng mat r), phan xng loai bo ion lien tuc
Applexion bao gom hai day chuyen giong nhau. Moi day
chuyen gom co 4 thap giong nhau (2 cot cho moi
thap) trong o the tch khoi nha tren mot cot la
40m3.
Tuy thuoc vao tng qui trnh, thiet b phan tach se
gom 2 en 12 cot giong nhau. Xem xet ve mat bang
nha may, cac cot va cac gian c xep chong len
moi thap khac e giam s oi hoi ve dien tch mat
bang.
3.5.1. oi hoi ve chat lng cua nguyen lieu va
dung moi ra giai
Tren tat ca, san pham i vao thiet b phan tach
phai hoan toan khong co bat ky chat ran l lng
nao. Neu khong, nha se hoat ong hoan toan nh
mot thiet b loc va nhng tap chat ran l lng se
tch tu nh cua khoi nha gay ra s sut ap ln va
giam s phan bo. o la ly do tai sao can thiet lap
cac thiet b loc chnh, loc an toan hoac loc ket thuc
e bao ve toan bo nha may. Trong mot so trng
hp can ieu chnh tnh chat hoa hoc cua san pham
vao e tang hieu qua phan tach hoac tranh s ket
tua tren cot do pH thay oi khi hp chat c phan
tach. pH can ieu chnh e tranh mot so trng hp
thuy phan san pham. Tren het, cac chat trung gian
phan tach can phai gi c dang ion ban au cua
no v ay la dang can cho hoat ong toi u.
Xet en qua trnh loai bo ion, hau het cac san
pham tho c x ly eu cha nhieu ion nh la Ca 2+,
Mg2+, Na+, K+. Trong trng hp nay, can loai bo nhng
cation hoa tr hai trc khi phan tach e gi cho nha
can bang vi cation hoa tr mot vao he thong va
nhng cation hoa tr hai con sot lai.
Qui trnh loai bo Canxi co the la qua trnh ket tua
hoa hoc hoac tot hn la c chuyen hoa toan bo
trong qui trnh pha trc.
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Co nhieu u iem trong cong nghiep san xuat

ng t cu cai ng ma can loai bo Ca 2+ bang
nha trao oi ion trc khi co ac. No co nhieu li
nhuan ve chi ph cho boc hi, cung nh dung nha trao
oi ion e loai bo Ca2+ va ieu chnh pH trong phan
ng enzym.
Mot thiet ke phan xng tot se co kha nang di
nhng cot nha t ong trao oi sang thung cha ben
ngoai bang cach dung cac bm ac biet va nhng
ong dan co nh, trong cac thung cha nay nha c
x ly rieng hoac tach ban trong trng hp b nhiem
ban ngau nhien.
3.5.2. ng dung ky thuat cot
Thiet ke cot phan tach ro rang rat quan trong
trong moi qui trnh. em kn cot ngan nga qua trnh
tron cac cau t sau phan tach va han che qua trnh
pha loang cau t, cung nh s phan bo dong chay
va thu nhan cau t, co le la nhng thong so quan
trong nhat.
Trong suot chu ky thong thng, nha se co gian
lien tuc tuy theo ap suat tham thau cua cac pha
long khac nhau. The tch cot nha trong nc thng
ln hn va thap hn trong phan oan ng va muoi.
Chu y rang the tch nha cung phu thuoc vao nhiet
o lam viec. Viec lam ay tran cot se tao ra s sut
ap ln hoac ap suat ln trong he thong co the gay
nguy hiem cho he thong.
Cac hat nhoi co xu hng tao ra s phan bo sao cho
the tch rong gia chung la nho nhat. o la ly do
tai sao can ieu chnh the tch cot nha va giam em
mc thap nhat the tch phan rong tren nh cua cot
nha.
Nhng thiet b chuyen dung can s dung e ieu
khien hoat ong ma khong co s nguy hiem gay h
hong nao cho ong.
4. Mang li phan bo va thu nhan

Thiet ke van e mang li phan bo va thu nhan
cung rat quan trong khi oi hoi hieu qua cao va o
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Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
tinh khiet cao, va ac biet ay la trng hp khi can

nhng ong ln.
Mang li can phai co sc chu ng c hoc e loai
bo cho qua trnh bao dng va ve sinh, nhng cung
can thiet ke e cung cap s phan bo can xng cua
chat long tren cac chat trung gian phan tach e
tranh s hnh thanh kenh dan, s xao tron, s phoi
tron ngc lai va am bao s tan dung toan bo cot
nha c thiet lap.
Do o, tuy theo ng knh cua ong ma co khi can
thiet phai phan chia mang li thanh nhng phan
giong nhau, moi phan se phan bo tren mot vung be
mat tng xng.
ng dung cua khai niem qui trnh trao oi ion lien
tuc
Trao oi ion c ng dung nhieu trong cong nghiep.
Qui trnh loai bo ion co the la mot bc tinh loc s bo
cho bc trao oi ion tiep theo. Qui trnh cho phep tiet
kiem ve hoa chat cung nh chi ph x ly cac dong.
Trao oi ion co the thc hien theo me hoac lien tuc.
Ve nguyen tac, trong qui trnh gian oan, mot cot c
san xuat trong khi mot cot khac ang tai sinh hoac
trang thai ch. Trong qui trnh lien tuc, mot cot se
san xuat trong khi nhng cot khac ang tai sinh. Khi so
sanh vi qui trnh gian oan:
- Tan dung tot hn cong suat cua cot va do o
the tch cot thiet lap se t hn.
- Tan dung tot hn hoa chat va nc nen t
lng tap chat va nc i vao trong san pham.
- Dong chay lien tuc tren ca dong san xuat va
tai sinh.
Tuy nhien e co c nhng li ch cua qui trnh hap
thu va trao oi ion can toi u ieu kien lam viec nh
la thi gian tiep xuc vi nha, van toc dong chay
qua cot va giot ap suat cung nh xem xet thi gian
song cua nha. So lng cot hoat ong va tai sinh
can quyet nh cho phu hp.
Applexion a cung cap phan xng trao oi ion da
tren khai niem SMB, phat trien cho qua trnh loai bo
ion va phan tach. Trong cac phan xng nh vay, cot
trang thai tnh va c sap xep trong thap. Tat ca
nhng trnh t trong qui trnh gian oan c thc hien y
Trang 66

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
nh vay. Cung giong nh qui trnh SMB, ch nhng van

au vao va van au ra tng ng vi nhng dong vao
va ra can thiet mi thay oi t bc nay sang bc
ke tiep.
Ve nguyen tac, co the anh hng len cac cot
khac nhau trong tng vung rieng, moi vung tuy thuoc
vao nhng thong so cua qui trnh. He thong t ong
cho phep de ieu chnh so lng cot c sap xep
song song hoac thanh mot day e cai tien viec toi u
hoa cac ieu kien qui trnh ma khong can bat c s
thay oi may moc nao. Tat ca lu lng va thi gian
moi bc c ieu chnh tuy thuoc vao mc o
san xuat mong muon.
Cach sap xep cot co nh cung dong chay bo qua
mot cot nao o e bao dng cot (viec thay the
nha) hoac e ve sinh nha rieng, bat chap th t
chuan lap lai trong chu trnh thong thng ma khong
can ngng hoat ong nha may. Qua trnh tay ban cho
cot co the thc hien ngay ben trong cot hoac mot
thung cha ben ngoai.
Ket luan
Ky thuat phan tach bang sac ky co the co nhieu
ng dung trong qua trnh tinh sach ng. Co nhieu
nhan to anh hng en cac thiet ke va hieu qua
cua tng qui trnh ma can toi u hoa cho tng qui trnh
rieng. Ro rang la chi ph cho hoat ong ln nhat la
qua trnh co ac cau t, ma thng c thc hien
bang qua trnh boc hi hoac ket hp vi tham thau
ngc. Qua trnh loai bo nc (trong co ac) co anh
hng ln en s thiet ke, au t va chi ph hoat
ong. Neu co s eo hep ve qui mo san xuat, can co
s gian xep e toi u van e kinh te cua qui trnh.
Applexion cung nghien cu va th nghiem vi Finnsugar
cung cap cho nha san xuat ng nhng kien thc
chuyen mon tot nhat cua ho. Chung ta e xuat
nhng ieu kien thuan li tren qui mo nho cho bat
ky s phat trien va toi u hoa cho tng trng hp
rieng biet bang nen tang c ban.
Trang 67

Van Viet Man
Trang 68
GVHD: Le

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Thy phn
Hnh 1: Qui trnh ho hoa dch hoa ng hoa

Lam nguoi
Tay mau
Trang 69

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Hnh 2: Qui trnh tay mau bang than hoat tnh va loc
bang thiet b loc chan khong dang thung quay
Than hot tnh
Trang 70

Van Viet Man
Trang 71
GVHD: Le

Van Viet Man
Thiet b loc
Hnh 3: Thiet b loc ep
Trang 72
GVHD: Le

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Hnh 4: Thiet b loc ep dang khung ban
Hnh 5: Cau tao cua thiet b loc ep

Loc trao oi ion
Trang 73

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Hnh 6: Cau tao cua thiet b trao oi ion

Loc s
Hnh 7: Thiet b loc s

Co ac
Trang 74

Van Viet Man
GVHD: Le
Nc
P
Hi nc
Dch ng
Hnh 8: He thong co ac
Trang 75

Van Viet Man
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
GVHD: Le
Pham Van Bon, Qua trnh va thiet b truyen nhiet,

NXB ai hoc Quoc gia thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, 2002.
Cac tac gia, Cac qua trnh c ban trong cong nghe
thc pham, NXB Giao duc, 1996.
PGS TS L Vn Vit Mn, Cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm t sa v thc
ung, NXB i hc Quc Gia TP H Ch Minh,2006
L Ngc T, Ha hc thc phm , NXB Khoa hc k thut H Ni, 2003
L Ngc T, Ha sinh cng nghip , NXB Khoa hc k thut H Ni, 2004
acta.ivic.ve/53-1/200132.pdf
www.activated-carbon.com/3-6.html
www.activated-carbon.com/solre2c.html
www.ansti.org/ansti-journal/2002/Vol3No1/Ayemor.pdf
bioline.utsc.utoronto.ca/archive/00001409/ej04002.pdf
cassacabiz.org/postharvaest/gsyrup01.htm
www.cassava.org/eng/about_us.html
www.fao.org/docrep/X5032E/x5032E01.htm
www.fineprint.com
www.originagrostar.com/glucose.html
features/BNP_Features_Item/0,3156,18095,00.html
www.strach.dk/isi/starch/cassava.htm
www.univ-teims.fr/Externes/AVH/AVH07Theoleyre.pdf
Trang 76

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San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Van Viet Man

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

4.1.3.3. Phng phap thc hien.....................................20

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

10. Loc an toan............................................................................32

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

2.2.2. Anh hng cua nong o AMG en qua trnh

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

2. Phan loai khoai lang:

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Hnh 1: Mot so loai khoai lang

Hnh 2 : Thu hoach khoai lang

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

hemicellulose, chim s lng t. Thnh phn tng ng ca glucid khng nhng

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Bng 3: Thnh phn acid amin khng thay th ca c khoai lang

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Cc vitamin tp trung nhiu vng ngoi ca rut c. V v phn trung tm

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Khoai lang ti rt kh bo qun do:

Lng nc trong c khoai lang ln do hot ng sinh l ca c khoai lang

C khoai c hm lng ng cao, c nhiu enzym hot ng, rt d b thi,

Cc yu t bn ngoi cng nh hng r rt n vic bo qun khoai lang nh

Thi gian thu hoch v khoai chnh l ma ma nn rung khoai thng b

V c khoai mng, thn c d b gy, dp nt nn khi o vn chuyn thng

6. Tieu chuan cua khoai lang trong san xuat ng

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Lng tinh bot trong khoai lang thng dao ong t

III. THUYET MINH QUI TRNH CONG NGHE

Chuan b : Lam cho cu mem ra, giam nhe qua

1.2. Cac bien oi

1.3. Phng phap thc hien

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Chuan b : Ra sach at cat, a, tap chatchuan

2.2. Cac bien oi

Nguyen tac hoat ong:

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Mot bm ly tam c lap mot au cua thung

3.2. Cac bien oi

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Bien oi sinh hoc : V cu ra sach trc khi

Hnh 4 : Cau tao thiet b nghien

Nguyen tac hoat ong :

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Toc o quay : 1000 2000 vong/phut

4. Phoi tron ho hoa dch hoa

4.1.1. Phoi tron

4.1.1.2. Cac bien oi

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Bien oi cam quan: s thay oi trang thai cua dch

4.1.1.3. Phng phap thc hien

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

Chuan b: hoa tan nhng hat tinh bot co kch thc

4.1.2.3.Phng phap thc hien

4.1.3. Dch hoa

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang

4.1.3.1. Muc ch cong nghe

Bien oi vat ly:

4.1.3.3.Phng phap thc hien

Qua trnh nay bat au t thiet b jet-cooker, hon

San xuat ng nha t khoai lang