Do An Cung Cap Ðien PDF

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n mn hc cung cp in
CUNG CP IN CHO PHN XNG SN XUT CNG NGHIP

H v tn ngi thit k : V Hong H
ti : Thit k h thng cung cp in cho phn xng c kh _ sa cha
vi tn ngi thit k l V Hong H vi cc thng s nh sau: T l ph ti in
loi I v II l 85%. Hao tn in p cho php trong mng in h p l Ucp = 3,5%.
H s cng sut cn nng ln l cos = 0,92. H s chit khu i = 10%. Thi gian s
dng cng sut cc i TM = 5200(h). Cng sut ngn mch ti im u in
Sk =3,54 (MVA) ; thi gian tn ti ca dng ngn mch l tk = 2,5s. Khong cch t
ngun in n trung tm ca phn xng L = 38(m), chiu cao nh xng
H = 4(m). Gi thnh tn tht in nng C = 1000 /kWh ; sut thit hi do mt
in l gth = 4500 /kWh. Cc tham s khc ly trong ph lc v s tay thit k cung
cp in.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 1
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n mn hc cung cp in
PHN I : Gii thiu chung

1. Chng ta thit k cho phn xng c kh _ sa cha vi tng din tch sn l
864 m2, c xp vo ph ti loi I cn c tin cy cung cp in ln. in nng
cung cp cho phn xng c ly t trm bin p (TBA) phn phi.
2. V ph ti in : chia lm 2 loi l ph ti chiu sng v ph ti ng lc. Cc
ph ti ch yu s dng cp in p 0,4 kV, mt s t my c cng sut ln s dng
cp in p ln hn.
3. Trong qu trnh thit k cung cp in cho phn xng cn ch n yu t
pht trin ph ti, thay i cng nghCn phi thit k linh hot ph hp vi
s thay i.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 2
n mn hc cung cp in
PHN II : THIT K CHI TIT

Chng 1: Thit k h thng chiu sng
- Ti liu tham kho trong phn ny s dng gio trnh Bo h lao ng v k
thut an ton in .
- Tng din tch sn 864m2, cc kch thc a b H = 36 24 4 (m). Coi
trn c mu trng, tng mu vng.
1. Chn ri yu cu
Cn c vo c im v tnh cht chiu sng trong phn xng v tra bng
2.8, ta chn ri yu cu nm trong khong 50 100 lx. Ta chn ri yu cu
Eyc = 50 lx
2. Chn kiu bng n
- Theo biu Kruithof ng vi ri 100 lx nhit mu cn thit l 3000K
s cho mi trng sng tin nghi. Do trong xng c s dng nhiu my in quay
nn ta chn n si t cng sut 200W, tra bng 1.pl ta c quang thng F = 3000
lm.
3. Chn kiu chiu sng
Do phn xng cn c sng cao nn ta chn cch chiu sng trc tip
c hiu sut ln, tuy nhin s gy nh hng lm tng v trn nh b ti.
4. Chn cao treo n
- V chiu cao ca phn xng l 4m nn ta thit k cho chiu cao mt bng lm
vic l hlv = 0,8m, khong cch t trn n n h.
chiu cao treo n :
h = H - hlv = 4 0,8 = 3,2 (m)
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 3
n mn hc cung cp in
t s treo n :
0 J =
h'
1
h '+ h 3
(1)
Ta phi chn h tha mn iu kin (1). Gi s chn h = 0,5m ta c :

J=
h'
0,5
1
=
0,135
(TM)
h '+ h 0,5 + 3, 2
3
5. B tr n v xc nh s lng n
-
Chn t s
L
= 1, 5
h
khong cch gia cc n L = 1,5h = 1,53,2 = 4,8(m)

- m bo ng u chiu sng ti mi im, khong cch ng bin
phi tha mn iu kin :
Ld
L
q d
3
2
(2)
Ln
L
p n
3
2
(3)
- Cn c vo cc kch thc ca nh xng ta chn nh sau :
Xt theo chiu ngang b = 24m, ta b tr mt hng c n = 5 n vi
khong cch gia cc n Ln = 4,8m. Khong cch gia tng v n (bin ngang):
p=
b ( n 1).Ln 24 (5 1) 4,8
=
= 2, 4
2
2
So snh vi iu kin (3) ta thy tha mn
Xt theo chiu dc a = 36m, ta b tr mt ct c n = 8 n vi khong
cch gia cc n Ld = 4,6m. Khong cch gia tng v n (bin dc) :

q=
a ( n 1).Ld 36 (8 1) 4, 6
=
= 1, 9
2
2
So snh vi iu kin (2) ta thy tha mn

V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 4
n mn hc cung cp in
Vy s n ti thiu : Nmin = 6 . 8 = 48 (n) s m bo v ng u ca

chiu sng.
6. Xc nh tng quang thng ca h thng chiu sng
F =
E yc .S .kdt
.kld
Trong :
Eyc ri yu cu (lx);
S din tch b mt chiu sng (m2);
hiu sut ca n (c gi tr trong khong 0,50,7);
kdt h s d tr, thng ly bng 1,21,3;
kld h s li dng quang thng ca n.
- Ta chn hiu sut = 0,58 ; h s d tr kdt = 1,2

- H s khng gian :
K kg =
a.b
36 24
=
= 4,5
h(a + b) 3, 2 (36 + 24)
Cn c vo bng 2.12 ta c h s phn x ca trn, tng v sn tng ng l

0,7:0,5:0,3. Tra bng 2.pl, ng vi h s phn x nu v h s khng gian Kkg=4,5
ta c h s li dng kld = 0,625. Vy quang thng tng :
F =
50 864 1, 2
= 143006,9 (lm)
0,58 0,625
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 5
n mn hc cung cp in
7. Xc nh s lng n cn thit
N=
F 143006,9
=
= 47, 67 > N min
3000
Fd
Vy ta c th chn s lng n l N = 50 bng

8. Kim tra ri ti cc im chiu sng
ri thc t trn b mt chiu sng c xc nh theo biu thc :
E=
Fd . N . .k ld
3000.50.0, 58.0, 625
=
= 52, 445lx > E yc
a .b.k dt
36.24.1, 2
Vy s n a ra l hp l. Ta b tr n nh sau :
Xt theo chiu ngang : vn b tr mt hng 5 bng v khong cch mi
bng l 4,8m. iu kin xt trn.
Xt theo chiu dc : b tr mt hng c 10 bng vi khong cch mi
bng l Ld = 3,6m. Khong cch gia tng v n (bin dc) :

q=
a ( n 1).Ld 36 (10 1) 3, 6
=
= 1,8
2
2
Kim tra vi iu kin 2 c :
Ld
L
p= d
3
2
Ld 3, 6
L
3, 6
=
= 1,8 ; d =
= 1, 2
2
2
3
3
(TM)
Nh vy h thng thit k chiu sng c m bo.

Ngoi ra, m bo nh sng lm vic ca cc my c kh ta cn thit k ti
ni t mi my thm 1 bng n chiu sng cc b, cn t thm ti 2 nh v
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 6
n mn hc cung cp in
sinh v 2 phng thay mi ni 1 bng, cng sut ca mi bng l 100W. Vy tng

s lng bng dng trong chiu sng cc b l 43 bng.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 7
n mn hc cung cp in
Chng 2 : Tnh ton ph ti in

Bng ph ti ca phn xng c kh sa cha N0 4
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 8
n mn hc cung cp in
S hiu trn s
Tn thit b
H s
ksd
Cos
Cng sut t P(kW)
1; 2; 3; 19; 20; 26; 27
My tin ngang bn t ng
0,35
0,67
12+17+22
4; 5; 7; 8; 24
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
1,5+3+7,5+12
My tin xoay
0,3
0,65
8,5+18
11
My khoan ng
0,26
0,56
3+5,5
9; 10; 12
My khoan ng
0,37
0,66
25,5+8,5
13
My khoan nh tm
0,30
0,58
14; 15; 16; 17
My tin bn t ng
0,41
0,63
2,8+4,5+275
My mi nhn
0,45
0,67
My tin ren
0,47
0,70
32,8+24,5+8,5+10
My doa
0,45
0,63
4+5,5+7,5
34
My hn h quang
0,53
0,9
40
35
My bin p hn = 0,4
0,45
0,58
35
36
My tin ren
0,4
0,60
18
37
My hn xung
0,32
0,55
20
My chnh lu hn
0,46
0,62
30
18
21; 22; 23; 28; 29; 30; 31
25; 32; 33
38; 39
S mt bng phn xng
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 9
n mn hc cung cp in
I. Ph ti chiu sng
- Cng sut tc dng chiu sng :
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 10
n mn hc cung cp in
Pcs = kdt .N .Pd = 1, 2 50 200 = 12000(W )

- Chiu sng cc b :
Pc b = 43 100 = 430(W )
Coi h s ng thi ca Pcs v Pcb l m = 1, ta c tng cng sut tc dng chiu
sng :
Pcs = Pcs + Pcb =12000 + 4300 =16300(W) =16,3kW
V s dng n si t nn h s cos = 1.Vy cng sut biu kin :

Scs = Pcs = 16,3 kVA
Cng sut phn khng : Qcs = 0
II. Ph ti thng thong v lm mt
Cn trang b cho phn xng 24 qut trn cng sut mi qut 120W, 8 qut ht
cng sut mi qut 80W, chn h s cng sut trung bnh l 0,8. Tng cng sut ph
ti thng thong v lm mt l :
Plm = 24120 +808 = 3520 (W) =3,52kW
Slm =
Plm
3,52
=
= 4, 4
costb
0,8
III. Ph ti ng lc
1. Phn tch c bn
Trong phn xng c kh sa cha c nhiu loi thit b ng lc c cng sut,
chc nng, ch lm vic khc nhauv th d thun tin cho vic thit k chi tit
chng ta phi tin hnh phn nhm cc ph ti. Vic phn nhm da v cc tiu ch
sau :
- Cc thit b c cng ch lm vic xc nh ph ti tnh ton chnh xc v
thun tin thit k cung cp in ring cho tng nhm.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 11
n mn hc cung cp in
- Cng sut thit b trong nhm cn cn i, trnh chnh lch gia cc nhm.
iu lm gim chng loi t ng lc trong phn xng v trong ton nh my.
- Cc thit b trong nhm nn quy hoch trong 1 khu vc thit k s i
dy d dng, trnh s chng cho dy dn ng thi lm gim khi lng dy dn h
p.
- S lng thit b trong mt nhm cn c gii hn nht nh.
Tuy nhin rt kh c th p ng c tt c cc iu kin trn, v th ty vo
iu kin c th m ngi thit k c th a ra c phng n phn nhm ti u.
T cc phn tch trn, chng ta a ra c 5 nhm ph ti ng lc nh sau:
Tn thit b
S
lng
S hiu
trn s
H s
ksd
cos
Pm(kW)
Sm(kVA)
0,35
0,67
12
17,910
0,35
0,67
17
25,373
0,35
0,67
22
32,836
My tin xoay
0,3
0,65
8,5
13,077
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
7,5
11,029
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
12
17,647
My khoan ng
0,37
0,66
5,5
8,333
My khoan ng
10
0,37
0,66
5,5
8,333
Tng
90
134,539
1,5
2,206
Nhm I
Nhm II
My tin xoay
V Hong H _ 1 H1
0,32
0,68
Page 12
n mn hc cung cp in
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
4,412
My tin xoay
24
0,32
0,68
1,5
2.206
My khoan ng
12
0,37
0,66
8,5
12,880
My doa
25
0,45
0,67
5,970
My doa
32
0,45
0,67
5,5
8,209
My doa
33
0,45
0,67
7,5
11,194
My khoan ng
11
0,26
0,56
5,357
Tng
34,5
52,434
Nhm III
My khoan nh tm
13
0,30
0,58
5,357
My tin bn t ng
14
0,41
0,63
2,8
4,444
My tin bn t ng
15
0,41
0,63
4,5
7,143
My tin bn t ng
16
0,41
0,63
7,5
11,905
My tin bn t ng
17
0,41
0,63
7,5
11,905
19
0,35
0,67
12
17,910
20
0,35
0,67
17
25,373
Tng
54,3
84,038
Nhm IV
My tin ren
21
0,47
0,70
2,8
4,000
My tin ren
22
0,47
0,70
2,8
4,000
My tin ren
23
0,47
0,70
2,8
4,000
My tin ren
28
0,47
0,70
4,5
6,429
My tin ren
29
0,47
0,70
4,5
6,429
My tin ren
30
0,47
0,70
8,5
12,143
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 13
n mn hc cung cp in
My tin ren
31
0,47
0,70
10
14,286
My mi nhn
18
0,45
0,67
4,478
Tng
38,9
55,763
Nhm V
26
0,35
0,67
22
32,836
27
0,35
0,67
12
17,910
My hn h quang
34
0,53
0,9
40
44,444
My bin p hn
35
0,45
0,58
35
60,345
My tin ren
36
0,4
0,60
18
30
My hn xung
37
0,32
0,55
20
36,364
My chnh lu hn
38
0,46
0,62
30
48,387
My chnh lu hn
39
0,46
0,62
30
48,387
Tng
207
318,673
Trong :
S dm =
Pdm
;
cos
2. Phng php tnh ton ph ti

tnh ton ph ti cho tng nhm ta p dng phng php h s nhu cu.
theo gio trnh h thng cung cp in _ TS Trn Quang Khnh phng php
c xc nh nh sau :
- H s s dng tng hp :
n
k sd =
i =1
Pn i . k s d i
n
i =1
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Pn i
(4)
Page 14
n mn hc cung cp in
- S lng hiu dng :
n hd =
( Pni ) 2
(5)
ni
Nu trong trng hp s lng thit b in ln hn 4 v gi tr ca t s gia

ph ti c cng sut ln nht v ph ti c cng sut nh nht Xt h s Xt h s
nh hn cc gi tr kb ng vi h s s dng tng hp, th c th ly gi tr
nhd = n. Ta c bng xc nh nhd nh sau :
ksd
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
> 0,8
kb
3,5
6,5
10
Khng
gii hn
- H s nhu cu :
k nc = k sd +
1 k sd
n hd
(6)
- Cng sut ph ti :
n
Ptt = knc . Pni
(7)
i =1
- H s cng sut :
n
cos =
P .c o s
i =1
P
i =1
V Hong H _ 1 H1
(8)
Page 15
n mn hc cung cp in
T cc cng thc (4) , (5) , (6) , (7) , (8) ta xc nh c ph ti tnh ton ca

tng nhm
3. Tnh ton chi tit
a. nhm I
S
lng
S hiu
trn s
H s
ksd
cos
Pm(kW)
Sm(kVA)
Pni.ksdi
0,35
0,67
12
17,910
4,2
0,35
0,67
17
25,373
5,95
0,35
0,67
22
32,836
7,7
My tin xoay
0,3
0,65
8,5
13,077
2,55
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
7,5
11,029
2,4
My tin xoay
0,32
0.68
12
17,647
3,84
My khoan ng
0,37
0,66
5,5
8,333
2,035
My khoan ng
10
0,37
0,66
5,5
8,333
2,035
Tng
90
134,538
30,71
Nhm I
8
s d
i = 1
8
i = 1
V Hong H _ 1 H1
.k
s d
3 0 , 7 1
=
9 0
0 , 3 4 1
Page 16
n mn hc cung cp in
- Ta c s thit b n=8 > 4, xt h s
, tra bng 2.4 ng
vi gi tr ksd = 0,341 ta c kb = 3,7. Ta thy k > kb. vy s lng hiu dng nhm
thit b :
n hd =
( Pn i ) 2
Pn i
8100
= 6, 48
1250
- H s nhu cu :
k n c = k sd +
1 k sd
1 0,341
= 0,341 +
= 0, 6
n hd
6, 48
8
- Ph ti tnh ton nhm I : Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 6 90 = 54( kW )

i =1
- H s cng sut : cos =
60,125
= 0,669 => tg = 1,111
90
- Cng sut phn khng : Qtt = Ptt. tg = 59,994 (kVAr)
- Cng sut biu kin : S tt =
Ptt
54
=
= 80, 717 (kVA)
c os 0, 669
b. nhm II
S
lng
S hiu
trn s
H s
ksd
cos
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
1,5
2,206
0,706
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
4,412
1,412
Nhm II
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Pm(kW) Sm(kVA)
Pni.ksdi
Page 17
n mn hc cung cp in
My tin xoay
24
0,32
0,68
1,5
2.206
0,706
My khoan ng
12
0,37
0,66
8,5
12,880
4,766
My doa
25
0,45
0,67
5,970
2,688
My doa
32
0,45
0,67
5,5
8,209
3,694
My doa
33
0,45
0,67
7,5
11,194
5,037
My khoan ng
11
0,26
0,56
5,357
1,393
34,5
52,434
19,088
Tng
8
k sd =
Pn i .k s d i
i=1
i=1
Pn i
19,088
= 0,553
34,5
S thit b n=8 > 4
, tra bng 2.4 ng vi gi tr ca
Xt h s
ksd = 0,553 ta c kb = 5,8. Ta thy k <kb. vy s lng hiu dng nhm thit b :
nhd = n = 8
- H s nhu cu :
k n c = k sd +
1 k sd
n hd
= 0,553 +
1 0,553
= 0, 711
8
- Ph ti tnh ton nhm II :

8
Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 711 34, 5 = 24, 53( kW )

i =1
- H s cng sut cos =

V Hong H _ 1 H1
21,42
= 0,62 => tg = 1,265
34,5
Page 18
n mn hc cung cp in
- Cng sut phn khng : Qtt = Ptt. tg = 24,53.1,265 = 31,03(kVAr)
- Cng sut biu kin S tt =
Ptt
24, 53
=
= 39, 565
c os
0, 62
(kVA)
c. nhm III
S
S hiu
lng trn s
Nhm III
H s
ksd
cos
Pm(kW)
Sm(kVA)
Pni.ksdi
My khoan nh tm
13
0,30
0,58
5,172
0,9
My tin bn t ng
14
0,41
0,63
2,8
4,444
1,148
My tin bn t ng
15
0,41
0,63
4,5
7,143
1,845
My tin bn t ng
16
0,41
0,63
7,5
11,904
3,075
My tin bn t ng
17
0,41
0,63
7,5
11,904
3,075
19
0,35
0,67
12
17,910
4,2
20
0,35
0,67
17
25,373
5,95
54,3
84,120
20,193
Tng
7
sd
Pn i .k
i=1
i=1
sd
Pni
2 0 ,1 9 3
= 0,372
54,3
S thit b n=7 > 4
Xt h s
, tra bng 2.4 ng vi gi tr ca
ksd = 0,372 ta c kb = 3,4. Ta thy k >kb. vy s lng hiu dng nhm thit b :
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 19
n hd =
n mn hc cung cp in
( Pn i ) 2
Pn i
2 9 4 8, 4 9
= 5, 0 6 1
582, 59
- H s nhu cu :
k nc = k sd +
1 k sd
1 0, 372
= 0, 372 +
= 0, 651
n hd
5, 0 6 1
- Ph ti tnh ton nhm III :

7
Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 651 54, 3 = 35, 357 ( kW )

i =1
- H s cng sut cos =
35,219
= 0,65 => tg = 1,169
54,3
- Cng sut phn khng : Qtt = Ptt. tg = 35,357.1,169 = 41,332(kVAr)
- Cng sut biu kin S tt =
Ptt
35, 357
=
= 54, 395 (kVA)
0, 65
c os
d. nhm IV
Nhm IV
V Hong H _ 1 H1
S hiu
H s
cos
Pm(kW) Sm(kVA)
Pni.ksdi
Page 20
n mn hc cung cp in
lng
trn s
ksd
My tin ren
21
0,47
0,70
2,8
4,000
1,316
My tin ren
22
0,47
0,70
2,8
4,000
1,316
My tin ren
23
0,47
0,70
2,8
4,000
1,316
My tin ren
28
0,47
0,70
4,5
6,429
2,115
My tin ren
29
0,47
0,70
4,5
6,429
2,115
My tin ren
30
0,47
0,70
8,5
12,143
3,995
My tin ren
31
0,47
0,70
10
14,286
4,7
My mi nhn
18
0,45
0,67
4,478
1,35
Tng
38,9
55,763
18,223
8
k sd =
i =1
Pn i . k s d i
8
i =1
Pn i
18, 233
= 0, 468
38, 9
- S thit b n=8 > 4, xt h s
, tra bng 2.4 ng
vi gi tr ca ksd = 0,468 ta c kb = 4,68. Ta thy k <kb. vy s lng hiu dng

nhm thit b : nhd = n = 8
- H s nhu cu :
k n c = k sd +
1 k sd
n hd
= 0, 468 +
1 0, 468
= 0, 656
8
- Ph ti tnh ton nhm IV :

V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 21
n mn hc cung cp in
Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 656 38, 9 = 25, 522( kW )

i =1
- H s cng sut
cos =
27,14
= 0,698 => tg = 1,026
38,9
- Cng sut phn khng :

Qtt = Ptt. tg = 25,522.1,026 = 26,184(kVAr)
Cng sut biu kin :
S tt =
Ptt
25, 522
=
= 36, 564 (kVA)
0, 698
c os
e. nhm V
Nhm V
S
lng
S hiu
trn s
H s
ksd
cos
26
0,35
0,67
22
32,836
7,7
27
0,35
0,67
12
17,910
4,2
My hn h quang
34
0,53
0,9
40
44,444
21,2
My bin p hn
35
0,45
0,58
35
60,345
15,75
My tin ren
36
0,4
0,60
18
30
7,2
My hn xung
37
0,32
0,55
20
36,364
6,4
My chnh lu hn
38
0,46
0,62
30
48,387
13,8
My chnh lu hn
39
0,46
0,62
30
48,387
13,8
207
318,673
90,05
Tng
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Pm(kW) Sm(kVA)
Pni.ksdi
Page 22
n mn hc cung cp in
8
k sd =
i =1
Pn i .k s d i
8
i =1
Pn i
90,05
= 0, 435
207
- S thit b n=8 > 4, xt h s
, tra bng 2.4 ng
vi gi tr ca ksd = 0,435 ta c kb = 4,35. Ta thy k <kb. vy s lng hiu dng

nhm thit b : nhd = n = 8
- H s nhu cu :
k nc = k sd +
1 k sd
1 0, 435
= 0, 435 +
= 0, 635
n hd
8
- Ph ti tnh ton nhm V :

8
Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 635 207 = 131, 445( kW )

i =1
- H s cng sut cos =
138,08
= 0,637 => tg = 1,117
207
- Cng sut phn khng : Qtt = Ptt. tg =131,445.1,117 = 146,807(kVAr)

Cng sut biu kin S tt =
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Ptt
131, 445
=
= 206, 350 (kVA)
0, 637
c os
Page 23
n mn hc cung cp in
4. Tng hp ph ti ng lc
STT
nhm
ksd
nhd
knc
Ptt(kW)
Nhm I
0,341
6,48
0,6
54
59,994
80,711
0,699
Nhm II
0,553
0,711
24,53
31,03
39,565
0,62
Nhm III
0,372
5,061
0,651
35,357
41,332
54,395
0,65
Nhm IV
0,468
0,656
25,522
26,184
36,564
0,698
Nhm V
0,435
0,635
131,445
146,807
206,350
0,637
Tng
ng lc
0,422
3,232
0,744
201,515
232,347
307,656
0,655
Qtt(kVAr) Stt(kVA)
costb
6
sd
Pn i .k
i=1
i=1
Pni
sd
114,255
= 0,422
270,854
- S nhm thit b n=5 > 4, xt h s

, tra bng 2.4 ng vi gi tr ca ksd = 0,422 ta
c kb = 4,22. Ta thy k >kb. vy s lng hiu dng nhm thit b :
n hd =
( Pn i ) 2
Pn i
7 3 3 6 1, 8 9
= 3, 2 3 2
22697
- H s nhu cu :
k nc = k sd +
V Hong H _ 1 H1
1 k sd
1 0, 422
= 0, 422 +
= 0, 744
n hd
3, 2 3 2
Page 24
n mn hc cung cp in
- Cng sut tnh ton ph ti ng lc :

8
Pdl = k nc . Pni = 0, 744 270, 854 = 201, 515( kW )

i =1
- H s cng sut cos =
177,481
= 0,655 => tg = 1,153
270,854
- Cng sut phn khng : Ql = Pl . tg =201,5151,153 = 232,347(kVAr)

Cng sut biu kin S dl =
Pdl
201, 515
=
= 307, 656 (kVA)
0, 655
c os
IV. Tng hp ph ti
Ph ti
K hiu
Ptt (kW)
Stt (kVA)
cos
Chiu sng
Pcs
16,3
16,3
Lm mt
Plm
3,52
4,4
0,8
ng lc
Pl
201,515
307,656
0,655
Tng hp
Ptt
213,306
312,307
0,683
Chng ta tng hp ph ti chiu sng, lm mt v ph ti ng lc bng

phng php s gia :
P1 2 = Pmax + Pi
Xt cho tng cp ph ti ta c :
P = P1 + P2 nu P1 > P2
P = P2 + P1 nu P2 > P1
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 25
n mn hc cung cp in
Hay : P = P1 + kP2 khi P1 > P2

P = P2 + kP1 khi P2 > P1
Vi h s ki c xc nh nh sau :
P
ki = i
5
0,04
P
ki = i
5
0,04
0, 41
i vi mng in h p;
0, 41
i vi mng in cao p;
p dng phng php s gia vi mng in thit k l h p, ta cng tng cp

ph ti bt u t ph ti c cng sut b nht v kt thc bng ph ti c cng sut
ln nht. Ta c Plm< Pcs<Pl
Ph ti tnh ton ca thit b lm mt v thit b chiu sng :
Pa = Plm + cs
3,52 0,04
= Pcs + klm Plm = 16, 3 + 3,52
0,
41
= 18,328( kW )
Ph ti tnh ton ca thit b a v thit b ng lc :
18,328 0,04
0,
41
Pb = Ptt = Pdl + ka Pa = 201,515 + 18,328
= 213,306( kW )
H s cng sut
c os =
151,108
= 0, 683 T g = 1, 069
221, 335
Cng sut phn khng :
Qtt = Ptt tg = 213,306 1, 069 = 228, 024(kVAr )

Cng sut biu kin :
S tt =
Ptt
213, 306
=
= 312, 307
0, 683
cos
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 26
n mn hc cung cp in
Chng 3 : Xc nh s cp in cho phn xng

Nhn xt chung : Vic thit k s cp in cho phn xng c xem l phn
quan trng nht trong qu trnh thit k, nh hng n ton b cc ch tiu k thut
v kinh t ca h thng. Mt s cung cp in phi m bo cc yu cu sau :
- m bo cc yu cu k thut.
- m bo cc ch tiu kinh t.
- m bo tin cy cung cp in.
- m bo an ton cho ngi s dng v h thng.
- Vn hnh d dng v linh hot
- Cn kh nng thay i khi c nhu cu pht trin ph ti, thay i quy trnh
cng ngh.
I.
Xc nh v tr t trm bin p (TBA) cho phn xng

Cc nguyn tc xc nh v tr t TBA :
- t ti v tr thun li gn tm ti, thun tin cho vic thit k s i dy, an
ton v kinh t.
- S lng my bin p (MBA) c t trong TBA ty thuc vo yu cu cung
cp in ca ph ti. Trong mi trng hp th t 1 MBA l kinh t nht nhng
cng gp phi tr ngi l tin cy cung cp in khng c m bo. V th i
vi cc ph ti quan trng nh loi I v loi II ta c th lp t 2 hay nhiu MBA vn
hnh song song. i vi ph ti t quan trng nh loi III, ta ch cn t 1 MBA.
- MBA phi m bo cung cp in lin tc, cht lng v an ton. Dung lng
MBA chn phi tha mn iu kin :
n.khc .SdmB Stt

Trng hp s c : ( n 1).k hc .k qt .S dmB Sttsc
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 27
n mn hc cung cp in
Trong :
n : s lng MBA
khc : h s hiu chnh theo mi trng
kqt : h s qu ti s c
kqt =
S sc
1, 4
SnB
Ta chn kqt =1,4 nu tha mn th iu kin vn hnh MBA l qu ti

khng qu 5 ngy m, mi ngy m qu ti khng qu 6h.
Ssc : cng sut tnh ton s c. Trong trng hp s c MBA ta c th
ct b mt s ph ti khng quan trng gim dung lng ti cho MBA.
Trong phn xng c khong 15% ph ti loi III nn Sttsc = 0,85Stt .
- Do mt ph ti trong phn xng ln nn khng th t TBA bn trong,
cn thit k t TBA bn ngoi.
II. Chn cng sut v s lng MBA
1. nh gi chung
- Chng ta chn MBA c h s k = 22/0,4 kV vi s lng nh sau :
Phng n 1 : chn 2 MBA cng sut 2160 kVA
- nh gi trong 3 phng n, phng n no l phng n ti u, ta da
vo cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut.
- Ch xt n cc trng hp s c xy ra n l, cc s c khng gy nh
hng n s c khc.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 28
n mn hc cung cp in
2. nh gi cc ch tiu k thut
i vi cung cp in phn xng th tin cy cung cp in l rt quan
trng, cc phng n c tin cy cung cp in l khc nhau, do ta nh gi ch
tiu k thut ch yu l tin cy cung cp in.
- Phng n 1 : khi s c xy ra mt trong hai MBA, tt c ph ti s dn ln
MBA cn li vi cng sut MBA l 160kVA, ta ct ph ti loi III :
Ssc = 0,85Stt = 0,85312,307 = 249,845 (kVA)
H s qu ti
k qt =
S sc 249, 845
=
= 1, 562 > 1, 4
160
S nB
(khng tha mn)
Nh vy nu ch ct ph ti loi III th MBA khng lm vic c, ta cn phi

ct thm ph ti loi II, lng ct thm Sc c tnh ton nh sau :
kqt =
S sc Sc 249,845 Sc
=
1, 4
S nB
160
249,845 Sc 160 1, 4
Sc 249,845 224 = 25,845 (kVA)
Scmin = 25,845 (kVA)
S
min
c
Scmin
25,845
%=
=
100 = 8, 276%
Stt 312,307
Tng cng sut ct :
S c = S cmin + ( Stt S sc ) = 25,845 + (312,307 249,845) = 88,307 (kVA)

- Phng n 2 v 3 : c hai phng n ch s dng 1 MBA v th trong trng
hp s c MBA th s ngng cung cp in.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 29
n mn hc cung cp in
3. nh gi cc ch tiu kinh t
Xt hm chi ph quy dn ca TBA:
Z B = pB .VB + CB + Yth = pB (m + n.Sn ) + A.c + Yth

- Trong : A tn tht in nng
c _ gi thnh tn tht in nng, ly c = 1000 /kW
-
H s chit khu i = 0,1 ; tui th cng trnh Th = 25 nm. Ta c h s tiu
chun s dng vn u t :
i(1 + i)Th
0,1(1 + 0,1)25
atc =
=
= 0,110
(1 + i)Th 1 (1 + 0,1)25 1
- H s khu hao kkh = 0,064
pb = atc + kkh = 0,110 + 0,064 = 0,174
- Yth chi ph tn tht do mt in
Yth = Ath g th = Pth T f g th

Vi : gth - sut thit hi do mt in l gth = 4500 /kWh
Tf - Thi gian mt in, i vi MBA phn phi chn Tf = 24h.
Yth = Pth 4500 24 = 108Pth 103
- Tn tht in nng :
PN S2
A = P0 .8760 +
2
2 SnBA
Trong l thi gian tn tht cng sut cc i c xc nh nh sau :

= f(T) = (0,124 + TM.10-4)2 8760
Vi TM =5200h ta c : = (0,124 + 5200.10-4)2 8760 = 3633 (h)
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 30
n mn hc cung cp in
- Tra bng 30.pl ta c gi tr vn u t TBA phn phi c h s k = 22/0,4 kV

nh sau :
a)
H s kinh t
H s k thut
Cng sut S
(kVA)
Vn u t
V(106)
160
59
24
0,18
0,5
2,95
315
86
24
0,18
0,72
4,85
400
101
24
0,18
0,84
5,75
P0 (kW) PN (kW)
Phng n 1 : dng 2 my cng sut 2160kVA

- Tn tht trong MBA :
2,95 312,307 2
A = 2.0,5.8760 +
3633 = 29176, 481(kWh)

2
2
160
- Vn u t TBA : 59.106 ng, v trong trm lp t 2 MBA nn vn u t

ca trm l V = 1,859.106 = 106,2. 106 (ng)
- Chi ph tn tht do mt in
Lng cng sut thiu ht do mt in bng tng cng sut ph ti loi III
lng ph ti ct thm ca ph ti loi II : Sth1 = Sc = 88,307 (kVA)

Pth1 = Sth1cos = 88,3070,683 = 60,314 (kW)
Chi ph tn tht do mt in :
Yth = 108Pth1 103 = 108 60,314 103 = 6,514 106 (ng)

Vy chi ph quy dn :
Z1 = 0,174.106, 2.106 + 1000.29176, 481 + 6,514.106 = 54,1693.106 (ng)

V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 31
b)
n mn hc cung cp in
Phng n 2
4,85 312,307 2
A = 0,72.8760 +
3633 = 14967, 231(kWh)

2
2
315
- Vn u t TBA : V = 86.106 ng.

Chi ph tn tht do mt in do s dng 1 MBA nn khi xy ra mt in h
thng s ngng cung cp in, lng cng sut thiu ht do mt in bng tng cng
sut ph ti : Pth2 = Ptt = 213,306 (kW)
Yth 2 = 108 Pth 2 103 = 108 213,306 103 = 23, 037 106 (ng)
Vy chi ph quy dn :
Z 2 = 0,174.86.106 + 1000.14967, 231 + 23, 037.106 = 52,968.106 (ng)

c)
Phng n 3
5, 75 312,307 2
A = 0,84.8760 +
3633 = 13725, 574(kWh )

2
2
400
- Vn u t TBA : V = 101.106 ng.

Chi ph tn tht do mt in do s dng 1 MBA nn khi xy ra mt in
h thng s ngng cung cp in, lng cng sut thiu ht do mt in bng
tng cng sut ph ti Pth3 = Ptt = 213,306 (kW)
Yth2 = Yth3 = 23,037.106 (ng)
Vy chi ph quy dn :
Z3 = 0,174.101.106 + 1000.13725,574 + 23,037.106 = 54,337.106 (ng)
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 32
n mn hc cung cp in
4. Tng kt 3 phng n
Phng
n
Cng sut
MBA(kVA)
S
lng
Vn u
t(106 )
Tn tht
in
nng(kW)
Chi ph tn
tht do
b(106)
2160
106,2
29176,481
29,176
6,514
54,1693
315
101
14967,231
14,967
23,037
52,968
400
86
13725,574
13,725
23,037
54,337
Thit hi
Chi ph
do mt
quy
in(106) dn(106)
Nhn xt :
- Ta thy chi ph quy dn ca cc phng n c s chnh lch khng ng
k.
- Do phn xng c xp l ph ti loi I cn c tin cy cung cp in m
bo. Chnh v th trong ba phng n la chn TBA th phng n I l phng n
ti u.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 33
n mn hc cung cp in
III. La chn phng n ni dy ti u.

1. Phn tch chung
Phng n 1 : t t phn phi ti gc xng.
Phng n 2 : t t phn phi trung tm ph ti.
- Phn dy t ngun vo TBA phn phi, phn t cc t ng lc n cc thit
b in v phn t chiu sng v lm mt l nh nhau, ta ch so snh 2 phng n t
TBA i vo t phn phi t ng lc.
- m bo tin cy cung cp in ta chn cc dy phn phi t Ngun
TBA TPP TL l dy kp. Cn cc dy t cc TL n cc thit b, i vi cc
thit b khng quan trng ta c th chn dy n, cn cc thit b quan trng, cng
sut ln ta phi s dng dy kp.
- Trn s i dy phn xng (bn v A3), mt s dy i t cc t ng lc
n cc thit b c t chung trong rnh, v th trn bn v th hin trn cng 1
ng trc.
2. phng n 1
Chn cp t TBA n t phn phi l cp ng 3 pha t trong rnh,chn
khong cch t TBA n t l 3m. Dng in chy trong dy dn :
I lv =
S
312,307
=
= 474,5( A)
3U dm
3 0,38
- Mt dng kinh t ng vi TM = 5200h : Jkt = 2,7 A/mm2

- Tit din dy dn cn dng l : F =
I
474,5
=
= 175, 074(mm 2 )
2, 7
J kt
Ta chn cp XLPE 185 vi cc thng s r0 = 0,11(/km); x0 = 0,059(/km)

- Xc nh tn hao in p thc t :
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 34
U =
n mn hc cung cp in
P.r0 + Q.x0
213,306 0,11 + 228, 024 0, 059
L=
0, 003 = 0, 291(V )
U
0,38
- Tn tht in nng :
A =
P 2 + Q2
213,3062 + 228,0242
3
r
.L.
.10
=
0,11.0,003.3633.103 = 810(kWh)
0
2
2
U
0,38
- Chi ph cho tn tht in nng :
Cd = c .A = 1000 809,5 = 0,8095.106 (ng)

- H s tiu chun s dng vn u t :
i(1 + i)Th
0,1(1 + 0,1) 25
a tc =
=
= 0,11
(1 + i)Th 1 (1 + 0,1) 25 1
- Tra bng 31.pl, h s khu hao ca ng dy kkh = 3,6%

pd = atc + kkh = 0,11+0,036 = 0,146
- tra bng pl.32 ta c cc h s ca ng dy : ad = 156,14.106 (/km); bd =
8,19.106 (/km). Vy vn u t ca ng dy l :
Vd = (ad + bd F ) L = (156,14 + 8,19 185)0, 003.106 = 5, 014.106 (ng)

- chi ph quy dn :
Z = pdVd + Cd = 0,146 5, 014.106 + 0,8095.106 = 1,541.106 (ng/nm)
Ta s dng 5 t ng lc cp in cho 5 nhm thit b v 1t phn phi cp

in cho nhm chiu sng v lm mt.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 35
n mn hc cung cp in
STT
nhm
ksd
nhd
knc
Ptt(kW)
Nhm I
0,341
6,48
0,6
54
59,994
80,711
0,699
Nhm II
0,553
0,711
24,53
31,03
39,565
0,62
Nhm III
0,372
5,061
0,651
35,357
41,332
54,395
0.65
Nhm IV
0,468
0,656
25,522
26,184
36,564
0,698
Nhm V
0,435
0,635
131,445
146,807
206,350
0,637
Tng
ng lc
0,422
3,232
0,744
201,515
232,347
307,656
0,655
Qtt(kVAr) Stt(kVA)
costb
24000
S b tr t phn phi v cc t ng lc
Xc nh dy cp t t phn phi n t ng lc 1 cch t phn phi on
L1= 6m, cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy coi nh bng cng sut ca nhm I. Ta
xc nh chi ph quy dn ca ng dy : Z = pdVd + Cd
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 36
- Dng in chy trong dy dn : I lv =

- Tit din dy dn cn dng l : F =
n mn hc cung cp in
S
80, 711
=
= 122, 63( A)
3U dm
3 0,38
I lv 122, 63
=
= 45, 418(mm 2 )
2, 7
J kt
Ta chn dy cp XLPE 50 vi cc thng s r0 = 0,4(/km); x0 = 0,059(/km)

- Tn tht in nng :
P 2 + Q2
542 + 59,9942
A =
r0 .L. =
0,4.0,006.3633.103 = 393,407(kWh)
2
2
Un
0,38
- Chi ph cho tn tht in nng :
Cth = c .A = 1000.393, 407 = 0,3934.106 (ng)

- H s tiu chun s dng vn u t :
i(1 + i)Th
0,1(1 + 0,1) 25
a tc =
=
= 0,11
(1 + i)Th 1 (1 + 0,1) 25 1
- H s khu hao ca ng dy kkh = 3,6%

pd = atc + kkh = 0,146
-
tra bng pl.32 ta c cc h s ca ng dy ad = 156,14.106 (/km); bd
= 8,19.106 (/km). Vy vn u t ca ng dy l :
V = (ad + bd F ) L = (156,14. + 8,19.50) 0, 006.106 = 3,382.106 (ng)

- chi ph quy dn :
Z = pdVd + Cth = (0,146.3,382 + 0,3934).106 = 0,887.106 (ng/ nm)

- i vi cc t ng lc cn li ta tnh tng t v kt qu cho trong bng sau:
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 37
on
dy
MBATPP
TPPL1
TPPL2
TPPL3
TPPL4
TPPL5
Tng
n mn hc cung cp in
Tit din
Dng
(A)
Cng sut
Dy
dn
(mm )
Fc
L
(Km)
r0
x0
312,307 474,501 175,741
185
0,003
0,110
0,060
59,994
80,711
122,773
45,471
50
0,006
0,400
0,060
24,530
31,030
39,565
60,184
22,290
25
0,015
0,800
0,070
35,357
41,332
54,395
82,743
30,645
35
0,033
0,570
0,060
25,522
26,184
36,564
55,619
20,600
25
0,024
0,800
0,070
131,445
146,807
206,350 313,888 116,255
120
0,030
0,170
0,060
P(kW)
Q(kVAr)
213,306
218,024
54,000
S
(kVA)
Thng s
ng dy
(/km)
Ftt
0,111
on dy
Chi ph, 106
Tn hao
U(V)
A
(106kWh)
a (/km)
b (/km)
V ()
C ()
Z ()
MBA-TPP
0,289
0,810
156,140
8,190
5,014
0,810
1,542
TPP-L1
0,398
0,393
156,140
8,190
3,394
0,393
0,889
TPP-L2
0,860
0,473
156,140
8,190
5,413
0,473
1,263
TPP-L3
1,966
1,400
156,140
8,190
14,612
1,400
3,534
TPP-L4
1,405
0,646
156,140
8,190
8,661
0,646
1,910
TPP-L5
2,460
5,464
156,140
8,190
34,168
5,464
10,452
Tng
V Hong H _ 1 H1
19,590
Page 38
n mn hc cung cp in
3. Phng n 2
L5
L4
24000
L2
L3
L1
Vic la chn v t v tr cc t ng lc l tng t nh phng n 1, ch c v

tr t t phn phi l thay i. Ta tin hnh tnh ton nh trong phng n 1, kt qu
tnh ton ghi trong bng sau :
Tit din
on dy
Dng
(A)
Cng sut
in tr
Dy
dn
mm2
(/km)
Fc
L
(Km)
474,501 175,741
185
0,033
0,110 0,060
80,711
122,773
45,471
50
0,024
0,400 0,060
31,030
39,565
60,184
22,290
25
0,015
0,800 0,070
35,357
41,332
54,395
82,743
30,645
35
0,009
0,570 0,060
TPP-L4
25,522
26,184
36,564
55,619
20,600
25
0,006
0,800 0,070
TPP-L5
131,445
146,807
206,350
313,888 116,255
120
0,012
0,170 0,060
P, kW
Q, kVAr
S, kVA
MBA-TPP
213,306
218,024
312,307
TPP-L1
54,000
59,994
TPP-L2
24,530
TPP-L3
Tng
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Ftt
r0
x0
0,069
Page 39
on dy
n mn hc cung cp in
Chi ph (106)
Tn hao
U(V)
A(106kWh)
a (/km)
b(/km)
V ()
C()
Z()
MBA-TPP
3,174
8,908
156,140
8,190
55,153
8,908
16,960
TPP-L1
1,592
1,573
156,140
8,190
13,575
1,573
3,555
TPP-L2
0,860
0,473
156,140
8,190
5,413
0,473
1,263
TPP-L3
0,536
0,382
156,140
8,190
3,985
0,382
0,964
TPP-L4
0,351
0,161
156,140
8,190
2,165
0,161
0,478
TPP-L5
0,984
2,185
156,140
8,190
13,667
2,185
4,181
Tng
27,401
4. La chn phng n ti u
-
So snh v mt k thut c 2 phng n l tng ng, u m bo cc
ch tiu an ton v tin cy cung cp in.

-
So snh v mt kinh t ta thy phng n 1 c chi ph quy dn nh hn, vn
u t thp hn. Chnh v th ta chn phng n 1 l phng n ni dy ti u.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 40
n mn hc cung cp in
Chng IV. La chn v kim tra cc thit b ca s ni in

I.
Chn tit din dy dn cho mng ng lc v mng chiu sng

a) Mng ng lc
Cc dy dn c xc nh theo phng php mt dng kinh t.
Dy dn t TBA ngun
n TBA phn phi (in p 22 kV) vi khong cch
232 + 182 = 29,5 (m)

Dng in chy trong dy dn :
I lv =
S
312,307
=
= 8,196( A)
3U dm
3 22
Tit din dy dn cn dng l : F =
I lv 8,196
=
= 3, 036(mm 2 )
2, 7
J kt
m bo bn c hc, tit din dy cho php ti thiu ca ng dy 22 kV

l 35mm2. Vy ta phi chn dy AC 35.
Dy dn t TBA phn phi n t phn phi v dy dn t t phn phi n
cc t ng lc ta chn trn. Cn phi kim tra li iu kin dng in cho
php Icp. Thit k cho cp treo trn tng v t trong cc khay, tra bng 15.pl, 16.pl
v 17.pl ta c cc gi tr k1 = 0,95 , k2 = 1 v k3 =0,96.
- Xt on TBA TPP : tra dy XLPE 185 li ng, t ngoi tri c gi tr
dng in cho php chun l Icp n =530 (A). dng in hiu chnh cho php :
Icp = k1.k2.k3.Icp n = 0,95.1.0,96.530 = 483,36 (A) > Ilv = 474,5 (A) (tha mn)
- Tnh ton tng t vi cc on dy khc, ta c bng cc tit din dy dn ca
mng ng lc nh sau :
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 41
n mn hc cung cp in
Dng in
cho php
chun Icpn(A)
Dng in
cho php
Icp(A)
Gi tr dng
in lm vic
Ilv(A)
Th t
Loi dy
Ngun TBA
AC 35
TBA TPP
XLPE 185
530
483.36
474.501
TPP 1
XLPE 50
167
152.304
122.773
TPP 2
XLPE 25
110
100.32
60.184
TPP 3
XLPE 35
137
124.944
82.743
TPP 4
XLPE 25
110
100.32
55.619
TPP 5
XLPE 150
344
313.728
313.888
Dy dn t cc t ng lc n cc thit b ng lc, chn phng php
t dy ng trong ng km, chn ngm di t, i theo ng b gc theo

chn tng. Tng t ta c cc h s k1 = 1, k2 = 1, k3 = 0,96.
Xt dy t t ng lc 1:
TL1 thit b 1(TB1): khong cch t TL n TB1 l L1 = 3m, cp
in p h p U = 0,38kV, cng sut truyn ti trn dy coi bng cng sut thit b.
Dng in chy trong dy dn :
I lv =
S
17,91
=
= 27, 211( A)
3U dm
3 0,38
Tit din dy dn cn dng l : Ftt =

V Hong H _ 1 H1
I lv 27, 211
=
= 10, 078( mm 2 )
2, 7
J kt
Page 42
n mn hc cung cp in
Chn dy XLPE 16 c cc thng s r0 = 1,25(/km) ; x0 = 0,07(/km)

Gi tr dng in cho php chun : Icp n = 85 (A)
Gi tr dng in cho php :
Icp = k1.k2.k3.Icp n = 1.1.0,96.85 = 81,6 (A) > Ilv = 27,211 (A) (tha mn)
Tnh ton tng t vi cc dy dn khc t TL1 n cc thit b ng
lc trong nhm I, ta lp c bng sau :

Th t
Loi dy
Ftt
(A/mm2)
Icp n
(A)
Icp (A)
Ilv (A)
L(m)
TL1 TB1
XLPE - 16
10.078
85
81.6
27.211
TL1 TB2
XLPE - 16
14.278
85
81.6
38.55
TL1 TB3
XLPE - 25
18.477
110
105.6
49.889
TL1 TB6
XLPE - 10
7.358
63
60.48
19.868
TL1 TB7
XLPE - 10
6.206
63
60.48
16.757
TL1 TB8
XLPE - 10
9.93
63
60.48
26.812
TL1 TB9
XLPE - 6
4.689
46
44.16
12.661
TL1 TB10
XLPE - 6
4.689
46
44.16
12.661
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 43
n mn hc cung cp in
- Xt dy t TL2 : tnh ton tng t nh vi TL1, ta c bng sau :
Ftt
Icp n (A)
Icp (A)
Ilv (A)
1,241
13,5
12,96
3,352
XLPE 2,5
2,483
27
25,92
6,703
TL2 TB12
XLPE 1,5
1,241
13,5
12,96
3,352
TL2 TB24
XLPE - 10
7,248
63
60,48
19,569
TL2 TB25
XLPE - 4
3,359
36
34,56
9,070
TL2 TB32
XLPE - 6
4,619
46
44,16
12,472
TL2 TB33
XLPE - 10
6,299
63
60,48
17,007
TL2 TB11
XLPE - 4
3,014
36
34,56
8,139
Th t
Loi dy
TL2 TB4
XLPE 1,5
TL2 TB5
V Hong H _ 1 H1
(A/mm2)
Page 44
n mn hc cung cp in
- Xt dy t TL3
Ftt
Icp n (A)
Icp (A)
Ilv (A)
2,910
36
34.56
7,858
XLPE - 4
2,501
36
34.56
6,752
XLPE - 6
4,020
46
44.16
10,853
TL3 TB16 XLPE - 10
6,699
63
60.48
18,086
TL3 TB17 XLPE - 10
6,699
63
60.48
18,086
TL3 TB19 XLPE - 16
10,078
85
81.6
27,211
TL3 TB20 XLPE - 16
14,278
85
81.6
38,550
Th t
Loi dy
TL3 TB13
XLPE - 4
TL3 TB14
TL3 TB15
V Hong H _ 1 H1
(A/mm2)
Page 45
n mn hc cung cp in
- Xt dy t TL4 :
Ftt
Icp n (A)
Icp (A)
Ilv (A)
2,250
27
25.92
6,077
XLPE - 2,5
2,250
27
25.92
6,077
TL4 TB23 XLPE 2,5
2,250
27
25.92
6,077
TL4 TB28
XLPE - 4
3,552
36
34.56
9,590
TL4 TB29
XLPE - 4
3,552
36
34.56
9,590
TL4 TB30
XLPE - 10
6,833
63
60.48
18,450
TL4 TB31
XLPE - 10
8,039
63
60.48
21,705
TL4 TB18
XLPE - 4
2,520
36
34.56
6,804
Th t
Loi dy
TL4 TB21
XLPE - 2,5
TL4 TB22
V Hong H _ 1 H1
(A/mm2)
Page 46
n mn hc cung cp in
Xt dy t TL5 :
Ftt
(A/mm2)
Icp n (A)
Icp (A)
Ilv (A)
TL5 TB26 XLPE - 25
18.477
110
105.6
49.889
TL5 TB27 XLPE - 16
10.078
85
81.6
27.211
TL5 TB34 XLPE - 25
25
110
105.6
67.526
TL5 TB35 XLPE - 35
33.957
137
131.52
91.685
TL5 TB36 XLPE - 25
16.881
110
105.6
45.58
TL5 TB37 XLPE - 25
20.463
110
105.6
55.249
TL5 TB38 XLPE - 35
27.228
137
131.52
73.516
TL5 TB39 XLPE - 35
27.228
137
131.52
73.516
Th t
Loi dy
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 47
n mn hc cung cp in
b) Mng in chiu sng

- Nhn xt, trong thit k dy dn cho mng in chiu sng ta ch cn thit k
phn chiu sng chung ca phn xng, cn phn chiu sng cc b ti cc thit b
ng lc do cng sut ca bng n nh nn ta c th ly in t cc dy dn t t
ng lc n cc thit b m khng lm nh hng ti cc ch tiu k thut ca mng
ng lc.
- H thng chiu sng chung gm 50 bng, chia lm 5 hng mi hng 10 bng.
Ta s dng 1 ng cp chnh t t chiu sng (TCS) cung cp cho c 5 mch
nhnh. Cng sut truyn ti trn mi nhnh Pni = 10200 =2000(W) = 2(kW).
- Tng cng sut truyn ti trn dy cp chnh :
Pn = 5 Pni = 5.2 = 10( kW )

36m
N5
N4
18m
N3
N2
4,5m
N1
2m
TCS
TPP
Hnh v S mng i dy mng in chiu sng

V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 48
n mn hc cung cp in
Ta chn tit din dy dn cho mng chiu sng theo cng thc:
F=
M qd
U cp %.C
Trong : +Mqd-Tng mmen quy i ca cc nhnh, c tnh nh sau:

M qd = M i + .M j
+C=.Un2.105-H s ph thuc vo cu trc mng in

+M=P.L-Momen ti
+-H s quy i ph thuc cu trc mng in,Vi mng 2 pha r
nhnh ta tra bng 5.pl .BT(*) c = 1,33.
Lc ny ta ly ngun cp cho mng chiu sng t t phn phi Ti t ng lc
ca mng chiu sng. Gi s t ng lc ca mng chiu sng t ngay cnh t
phn phi , ta ly khong cch l 2m. T => cc khong cch ca cc dy cp
c tnh ton v ghi li trn hnh v sau:
38m
42,5m
O-TPP
47m
N1
N2
N3
2m
51,5m
N4
56m
N5
Hinh S mng in chiu sng n gin

Ta tnh cc Momen ph ti nh sau:
+M = PL = 102 = 20 (kWm)
+M1=P1L1 = 2.38 = 76 (kWm)
+M2=P2L2 = 2.42,5 =83 (kWm)
+M3=P3L3 = 2.47 = 94(kWm)
+M4=P4L4 = 2.51,5 =103(kWm)
+M5=P5L5 = 2.56=112(kWm)
Momen quy i:
Mqd=M0+.(M1+M2+M3+M4+M5)= 642,44 (kWm)
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 49
n mn hc cung cp in
Theo gi thit c Ucp = 3,5% v t tnh ton trn ta c :
3,174
.100 = 0,835%
380
Ta phn b Ucp cho mng chiu sng nh sau :
U BATPP =
Ucp cs % = 3,5 - 0,835 = 2,665%

Vy tit din dy dn cho on OA l:
M qd
642,44
FOA =
=
= 2,904 (mm2)
C.U cpcsd 83.2,665
C = 83 tra bng 4.pl, ng vi dy ng ca mng 3 pha c trung tnh Ta chn dy c

tit din 4mm2
Nh vy hao tn in p thc t ca on OA l :
U OA % =
M qd
C.Fchon
642,44
= 1,935 %
83.4
Hao tn in p cho cc nhnh r l :

U cp % = 2,665 1,935 =0,729 %
Tit din dy cc nhnh r l :

on A-N1:
F1 =
M1
76
=
= 2,814 mm2
C1.U1 37.0,729
Nn ta chn dy c tit din l 4 mm2 , Tinh ton tng t cho cc nhnh r cn li ta

c kt qu chn tit din dy dn ca mng chiu sng ghi trong bng sau :
on dy
Tit din dy
chn(mm2)
OA
A-N1
A-N2
A-N3
A-N4
A-N5
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 50
n mn hc cung cp in
II . tnh ton ngn mch

1. Mc ch tnh ngn mch :
- Mc ch tnh ngn mch l chn v kim tra cc thit b

- Do tnh ton chn thit b khng i hi chnh xc cao nn c th dng
nhng phng php gn ng v ta c s gi thit sau:
+ Khi lp s tnh ton ta b qua nhng phn t m dng ngn mch khng
chy qua v cc phn t c in khng khng nh hng ng k nh my ct, dao
cch ly, aptomat,...
+ Mng in cung cp cho phn xng CKSC l mng h p nn in tr tc
dng c nh hng ng k ti gi tr dng ngn mch, nu b qua trong tnh ton s
phi sai s ln dn n chn thit b khng chnh xc.
2. Chn im tnh ngn mch v tnh ton cc thng s ca s :
Cc im cn tnh ngn mch l :

N1: thanh ci t phn phi h p kim tra aptmat tng .
N2 : 1 t ng lc i din xa nht l t 1 kim tra aptmt nhnh .
N3 : 1 thit b ng lc i din xa nht kim tra aptmt cho cc ng c .
Cc v tr tnh ngn mch.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 51
n mn hc cung cp in
Xc nh in tr ca cc phn t , tnh trong h n v c tn . Chn Ucb = 0,4 kV ;

Scb = 160 kVA. Theo bng s liu 1.1 ta c cng sut ngn mch l : Sk = 3,54 MVA
.in khng h thng :
ZHT =
= 45,2
in tr v in khng ca my bin p :
Vi : Uk , PNl in p ngn mch phn trm ca my bin p 2x160 kVA . Ta c:
Uk = 4
=
; PN = 2,95 kVA ;
0,04
= 9,22
()
= 0,02 ()
in khng ca my bin p .
L = 38 (m) ;Ta c : r0 = 0,13 /Km ; x0 = 0,06 /Km
= L r0 = 0,0380,13 = 4,84.10-3 ()
= L x0 = 0,0380,06 = 2,28.10-3 ()
Z
Z
= ( RMBA + RM BA pp ) 2 + ( X MBA + X MBA pp )2
= 103 (9, 22 + 4,84) 2 + (20 + 2, 28) 2 = 0, 0263()
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 52
n mn hc cung cp in
Tnh ngn mch N1:
in tr n im ngn mch :
ZK1 = ZHT + Z
= 0,0452 + 0,0263 = 0,0715 ()
Dng ngn mch 3 pha :
=
= 3068,4 (A) = 3,0684 kA ;
Dng in xung kch :

ixk1 = kxk 2 IN = 1,2 2 3,0684 = 5,207 kA
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng xung kch :
Ixk1 = qxk IN = 1,095,207 = 5,675 (kA)
Trong : kxk = 1,2 , qxk = 1,09 tra trong bng 7.pl l cc h s ph thuc v tr ngn
mch .
Tnh ngn mch N 2:
Dy dn t t phn phi n t ng lc 1 c tit din l XLPE 50.

r0 = 0,4 /km , x0 = 0,06 /km vi khong cch L1 = 24m . Do in tr v in
khng ca on dy ny l :
RPP- l1 = 0,42410-3 = 9,610-3
XPP-l1 = 0,062410-3 = 1,4410-3
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 53
n mn hc cung cp in
ZPP-l1 =
= 9,7
()
Do tng tr ngn mch n im N2 l :

Zk2 = ZK1 + ZPP-l6
= 0,0715 + 0,0097 = 0,0812 ()
Dng ngn mch 3 pha l :
=
= 2702(A) = 2,702 kA ;
Dng in xung kch :

ixk2 = kxk 2 IN = 1,2 2 2,702 = 4,585 kA
Ixk2 = qxk IN = 1,094,585 = 5 kA
Tnh ngn mch N 3:
Dy dn t t ng lc 1 n ph ti 10, dy XLPE.6
C : r0 = 3,33 /km , x0 = 0,09 /km di 15 m . Do in tr v in khng ca
on dy ny l :
Rdl1-10 = 3,331510-3 = 510-3
Xdl1-10 = 0,091510-3 = 0,4510-3
Zl1-10 =
V Hong H _ 1 H1
= 5,02
()
Page 54
n mn hc cung cp in
Do tng tr ngn mch n im N2 l :

Zk3 = ZK2 + Zl6-5
= 0,0812 + 0,0052 = 0,0864 ()
Dng ngn mch 3 pha l :
=
= 1871 (A) = 1,871 kA ;
Dng in xung kch :

ixk3 = kxk 2 IN = 1,2 2 1,871 = 3,175(kA)
Ixk3 = qxkIN = 1,093,175 = 3,461 (kA)
III. Chn thit b bo v

1. Chn thit b bo v cho t phn phi v t ng lc :
a) T phn phi :
- T phn phi ca phn xng c lp t 1 aptomat tng v 5 aptomat

nhnh, chn loi t c mt mt thao tc do hng SAREL ca Php ch to.
S aptomat bo v
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 55
n mn hc cung cp in
- Chn aptomat tng :
Chn theo dng lm vic lu di :
ImAT IlvMax =
= 474,5 (A)
Chn aptomat tng loi NS600N c Im= 600A.
- Aptomat u ngun t ti trm bin p phn xng c chn nh aptomat

tng loi NS600N.
- Chn aptomat nhnh: ng b ta chn cng mt loi aptomat cho cc
nhnh v ch cn chn cho nhnh c dng lm vic ln nht.
ImNhnh IlvMax =
Chn aptomat loi NS4000N c Im= 400A

Thng s k thut ca cc aptomat
Loi
S cc
Um ,V
In ,A
Ict , kA
NS400N
400
400
15
NS600N
400
600
15
Gi (106)
b) T ng lc.
Chn t ng lc u vo c t cu dao- cu ch, v s thit b ca cc nhm

gn bng nhau nn thun li cho vic thit k chng ta chn c 8 u ra ni n
cc thit b ng lc. T c mt mt thao tc do SIEMEN ch to.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 56
n mn hc cung cp in
- iu kin chung cho tt c cc loi cu ch l: Iv0 > Idc.

- Chn cu ch cho ph ti khng phi ng c :
Idc Ilv.max
- Chn cu ch cho ph ti ng c :
+ Cu ch nhnh cp in cho 1 ng c, chn theo 2 iu kin:
+ I dc I dm.D
K
+ I dc
mm
.I
dm. D
+ Cu ch nhnh cp in cho 2 hoc 3 ng c, chn theo 2 iu kin:

+I
dc
dm . Di
n 1
+I
dc
I mm. max + I dm.Di

1
- Cu ch tng (CCT) cp in cho c nhm ng c, chn theo 3 iu kin :
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 57
+I I
dc
+I
n mn hc cung cp in
tt . n hom
I mm. max + (I tt.n hom k sd .I dm.D )
dc
+ iu kin chn lc ,Idc ca cu ch phi ln hn t nht 2 cp so vi Idc ca

cu ch nhnh ln nht.
Trong :
+ Itt.nhm : dng tnh ton ca nhm ph ti
+ Idc : dng chy ca cu ch
+ Im. dng nh mc ca ng c
+ Kmm : h s m my .
+ Imm.max : dng m my ln nht
+ Ksd : h s s dng
+ : H s tnh ton, ph thuc c im ca mng.
- i vi ng c khng ng b th Kmm=57
- Cc my cng c coi khi ng khng ti ly =2,5 , my bin p hn khi
ng c ti ly =1,6
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 58
n mn hc cung cp in
Chn cu ch cho t L1 (nhm I), dng loi cu ch h p do Nga ch to;
Nhm I
S
lng
S hiu
trn s
H s
ksd
cos
Pm(kW)
Sm(kVA)
Im(A)
0,35
0,67
12
17,910
27,212
0,35
0,67
17
25,373
38,550
0,35
0,67
22
32,836
49,889
My tin xoay
0,3
0,65
8,5
13,077
19,868
My tin xoay
0,32
0,68
7,5
11,029
16,757
My tin xoay
0,32
0.68
12
17,647
26,812
My khoan ng
0,37
0,66
5,5
8,333
12,661
My khoan ng
10
0,37
0,66
5,5
8,333
12,661
Tng
90
134,538
204,412
- My tin ngang bn t ng (1)
Idc Im = 27,212 A
Chn Idc = 60A
Idc Im = 38,550 A
Chn Idc = 60A
Idc Im = 49,889 A
Chn Idc = 60A
- My tin xoay (6)
Idc Im = 19,868 A
Chn Idc = 60A
- My tin xoay (7)
Idc Im = 16,757 A
Chn Idc= 60A
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 59
n mn hc cung cp in
- My tin xoay (8)
Idc Im = 26,812 A
Chn Idc= 60A
- My khoan ng (9)
Idc Im = 12,661 A
Chn Idc= 15A
- My khoan ng (10)
Idc Im = 12,661 A
Chn Idc= 15A
- Cu ch tng ca t L1.
Idc ImNhm = 204,412 A
m bo tnh chn lc, ta chn Idc = 250 (A) .
- Cc t ng lc khc tnh chn Idc cu ch tng t , kt qu c ghi trong
bng sau :
Tn thit b
1
Nhm I
My tin xoay
My tin xoay
My tin xoay
My khoan ng
My khoan ng
Tng
Nhm II
My tin xoay
My tin xoay
My tin xoay
My khoan ng
My doa
My doa
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Ph ti
Im, A
Pm,
kw
2
3
Cu ch
M hiu
Idc, A
4
Dy dn
M hiu
Icp, A
6
12
17
22
8,5
7,5
12
5,5
5,5
90
27,212
38,550
49,889
19,868
16,757
26,812
12,661
12,661
204,412
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
60
60
60
60
60
60
15
15
390
3XLPE16
3XLPE16
3XLPE25
3XLPE10
3XLPE10
3XLPE10
3XLPE6
3XLPE6
81,6
81,6
105,6
60,48
60,48
60,48
44,16
44,16
538,56
1,5
3
1,5
8,5
4
5,5
3,351
6,703
3,351
19,567
9,071
12,472
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
15
15
15
60
15
15
3XLPE 1,5
3XLPE 2,5
3XLPE 1,5
3XLPE10
3XLPE 4
3XLPE 6
12,96
25,92
12,96
60,48
34,56
44,16
Page 60
n mn hc cung cp in
My doa
My khoan ng
Tng
7,5
3
34,5
17,008
8,139
79,663
P - 2
P - 2
60
15
210
3XLPE 10
3XLPE 4
60,48
34,56
286,08
Nhm III
My khoan nh tm
My tin bn t ng
My tin bn t ng
My tin bn t ng
My tin bn t ng
Tng
3
2,8
4,5
7,5
7,5
12
17
54,3
8,139
6,753
10,852
18,087
18,087
27,212
38,55
127,682
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
15
15
15
60
60
60
60
285
3XLPE4
3XLPE4
3XLPE6
3XLPE10
3XLPE10
3XLPE16
3XLPE16
34,56
34,56
44,16
60,48
60,48
81,6
81,6
397,44
Nhm IV
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My tin ren
My mi nhn
Tng
2,8
2,8
2,8
4,5
4,5
8,5
10
3
38,9
6,077
6,077
6,077
9,767
9,767
18,449
21,705
6,803
84,724
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
15
15
15
15
15
60
60
15
210
3XLPE2,5
3XLPE2,5
3XLPE2,5
3XLPE 4
3XLPE 4
3XLPE 10
3XLPE 10
3XLPE 4
25,92
25,92
25,92
34,56
34,56
60,48
60,48
34,56
302
Nhm V
My hn h quang
My bin p hn
My tin ren
My hn xung
My chnh lu hn
My chnh lu hn
Tng
22
12
40
35
18
20
30
30
207
33,426
18,232
60,774
53,177
27,348
30,387
45,580
45,580
314,504
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
P - 2
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
480
3XLPE25
3XLPE16
3XLPE25
3XLPE35
3XLPE25
3XLPE25
3XLPE35
3XLPE35
105,6
81,6
105,6
131,52
105,6
105,6
131,52
131,52
898,56
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 61
n mn hc cung cp in
Chng V. Tnh ch mng in

I. Tn hao trong MBA
RB = 9,22.10-3() ; XB = 0,02 ()
1. Tn tht in p
Ptt .RB + Qtt . X B 213,306.9, 22.103 + 228, 024.0, 02

U B =
=
= 17,1(V )
U
0,38
2. Tn hao cng sut
PB =
Ptt2 + Qtt2
U2
213,3062 + 228, 0242

RB =
9, 22.103 = 6, 225(W )
2
380
3. Tn tht in nng
AB = PB . = 6, 255.3633 = 22, 615(kWh)

II. Tn hao trn ng dy
Cng thc tnh tn hao trn ng dy :

- Tn tht in p :
U =
P.r0 + Q.x0
L
U
- Tn tht cng sut :
P2 + Q2
P =
r0 .L
U2
- Tn tht in nng :
A = P. = 3633.P
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 62
n mn hc cung cp in
1. Tnh ton tn tht MBA TPP TL

on
P( kW)
Q(kVAr)
r0 (W)
x0 (W)
L
(km)
U
(V)
P
(kW)
A
(kWh)
MBA-PP
213,306
218,024
0,110
0,060
0,033
0,003
0,0023
8,497
PP-L1
54,000
59,994
0,400
0,060
0,024
0,002
0,0004
1,574
PP-L2
24,530
31,030
0,800
0,070
0,015
0,001
0,0001
0,472
PP-L3
35,357
41,332
0,570
0,060
0,009
0,001
0,0001
0,382
PP-L4
25,522
26,184
0,800
0,070
0,006
0,000
0,0000
0,161
PP-L5
131,445
146,807
0,170
0,060
0,012
0,001
0,0005
1,993
0,0036
13,079
Tng
0,069
2. Tn hao t TL thit b ng lc
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 63
n mn hc cung cp in
Chng VI. Tnh ton chn t b nng cao h s cng sut

1. Mc ch, v tr v dung lng b cn thit
Mc ch : b cng sut phn khng nng cao h s cos theo yu cu ca
ph ti, m bo cht lng mng in.

-
V tr : ta c th p dng mt trong hai phng php b l t t b ti cc t
ng lc gim tn hao trn cc dy phn phi ng lc v t t thanh ci TBA.

Do quy m v cng sut ca phn xng khng ln, v th chng ta c th chn
phng n b tp trung ti thanh ci TBA.
Dung lng b :
Trc khi b : Qtt = 228,024 (kVAr), cos1 = 0,683, tg 1 = 1,069

Sau khi b : cos 2 = 0,92; tg 2 = 0,46
Dung lng b cn thit :
Qb = Qtt (tg 1 - tg 2 ) = 228,024 (1,069 - 0,46) = 138,86(kVA)
2. Tnh ton b
Hiu qu b cng sut phn khng c th nh gi trn c s so snh lng

in nng tit kim c do vic lp t cc thit b b.
Cng sut biu kin ca phn xng sau khi b l:
S=P+j(Q-QB)=213,306+j(228,024-138,86) = 213,306 + j89,164 kVA
Tn tht in nng sau khi b:
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 64
n mn hc cung cp in
213,3062 + 89,1642
Asb =
.0,11.3633.3.103 = 454, 470.103 (kWh)
2
0,38
Lng in nng tit kim c do b cng sut phn khng:
A = 0,810.106 - 454,470.103 = 355,530.103 (kWh)
S tin tit kim c trong nm:
C = A.C = 355,530.103 103 = 355,530.106 ( /nm)
Vn u t t b:
Vb = v0b.Qbn =150.103 138,86 = 20,79.106 (ng)
S tin tit kim c do t t b hng nm l:
TK = C - Vb = 355,530.106 - 20,79.106 = 334,74.106 (ng)
Nhn xt : khi t thit b b ta thy cc ch tiu k thut u c m bo. Xt
v cc ch tiu kinh t, hng nm ta tit kim c chi ph ng k.
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 65
n mn hc cung cp in
Chng VII. Tnh ton ni t v chng st

I. Tnh ton ni t
1. Tc dng ca vic ni t
- Dng in i qua c th ngi ngy nn nhng tc hi nguy him: gy bng,

git, trng hp nng s lm cht ngi, do tc dng ca ni t l tn dng
in v gi mc in th thp trn cc thit b c ni t. H thng ni t c hai
chc nng : ni t lm vic v ni t an ton.
- Trang b ni t bao gm in cc ni t v cc ng dy dn ni t, in
cc ni t t trc tip trong t, cc dy ni t dng ni cc b phn c ni
t vi in cc ni t.
- Khi c trang b ni t, dng in ngn mch xut hin do cch in thit b
hng s qua v thit b theo dy dn ni t xung in cc v chy tn vo trong
t.
- Do y l thit k ni t cho mt phn xng nn ta ch tnh ton ni t an
ton cho ngi lao ng trong qu trnh lao ng v vn hnh my mc.V phng
thc tnh ton l ni t nhn to.
2. Tnh ton ni t nhn to
Vic tnh ton ni t l xc nh s lng cc v thanh ngang cn thit
m bo in tr ca h thng ni t nm trong gii hn yu cu. in tr ca h
thng ni t ph thuc vo loi v s lng cc tip a, cu trc ca h thng ni
t v tnh cht ca ni t cc tip a.
Gi s h thng ni t dng cc bng thp trn, ng knh d =0,06m;

l=2,5m, v cc chon u trn cch mt t h=0,5m.
Ta gi s nn t xy dng l nn t c si pha c cc thng s: k=1,4;
=1000.m
- Xc nh in tr ni t nhn to.
Cng thc tnh :
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 66
n mn hc cung cp in
1
1
1
=
Rnt Rnd Rtn

Trong :
Rnt : in tr ni t nhn to.
Rn : in tr ni t cho php ca h thng.
1
1
1
=
Rnt Rnd Rtn
Rtn : in tr ni t t nhin.
- i vi li h p c trung im ni t trc tip, theo quy phm ca trang

b in th Rn 4.
Do khng bit r cc h thng ni t ca cc cng trnh khc => coi
Rtn
0.
Vy ta c : Rnt = Rn = 2.
in tr tip xc ca in cc l:
Rdc =
0 .k
2l 1 4l + 7h 100.1, 4
2.2,5 1 4.2,5 + 7.0,5
+ ln
.(ln + ln
)=
.(ln
)
2 .l
d 2 l + 7h
2 .2,5
0, 06 2
2,5 + 7.0,5
=43,03
- Chn s b cc s in cc thng ng
Rdc
43, 03
n=
=
= 27,58 cc
K sd .d .Rnt 0, 78.2
- Xc nh in tr tn ca in cc nm ngang
Cng thc tnh:
Rng =
1,5.L 100
1,5.84
=
= 2, 234
.ln
.ln
.L
b.h ' .84
0, 06.2
Trong :
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 67
n mn hc cung cp in
L = 28(4-1) = 84m : tng chiu di ca in cc ngang.

b = 60mm = 0,06m :chiu rng ca thanh dt.
h = 2m : chn su.
- Tnh chnh xc in tr ca in cc thng ng.

Cng thc tnh :
Rd =
Rng .Rnt
Rng Rnt
2, 234.2
= 19,1
2, 234 2
S cc cn thit l:
ntt =
Rdc
43, 03
Rdc
=
= 2,88 n = 3
= n=
K sd .d .Rd 0, 78.19,1
Rd
Vy ta ly n=3 in cc thng ng
II. Tnh ton chng st.
1. Tm quan trng ca chng st
St l hin tng phng in trong kh quyn gia cc m my v t hay

gia cc m my mang in tri du,
Hin tng st nh rt nguy him cho cc thit b ,st nh trc tip hay
gin tip vo cc thit b khng nhng lm hng thit b m cn gy nguy him cho
ngoi vn hnh, Do h thng in nht thit phi c bin php an ton c hiu
qu trnh hin tng in git v st nh gy cht ngi, Mt trong cc bin
php n gin v hiu qu l thc hin ni t v t cc thit b chng st,
tn thng do in ph thuc vo cng dng in I, thi gian v
dng in i trong ngi, ng thi ph thuc vo sc khe v in tr ca c th
ngi,
2. Thit k chng st cho ton phn xng
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 68
n mn hc cung cp in
Theo quy chun th ta cn tnh ton chng st cho c trm bin p nhng do
thi gian c hn v s liu dng trong tnh ton cn thiu nn ta ch tnh ton chng
st cho mt bng phn xng.
Ta chn phng php chng st bng ct thu st , Vi phn xng c
S=24,36=864m2 , chiu cao ca phn xng H=3,8m
Ta phi tnh ton cho phn xng nm trong ct thu st,
Chn chiu cao ct thu st l ha= 5m => h = ha+H = 5+3,8 = 8,8m
Bn knh bo v ca ct thu st l:
Rx = 1, 6.h.
h hx
8,8 3,8
. p = 1, 6.8,8.
.1 = 5,58 m
8,8 + 3,8
h + hx
( Do h=8,8<30=>chn p=1)
Xc nh s ct cn thit cho ton phn xng:
n=
36.24
= 8,83 => ta chn ct chng st cho ton phn xng sao cho s
.5,582
ct chng st s bao trm c ton b phn xng.Qua mt bng phn xng

m bo cho tt c cc v tr u c bao ph bi ct chng st ta quyt nh
chn 12 ct v c b tr nh sau:
V Hong H _ 1 H1
Page 69
V Hong H _ 1 H1
n mn hc cung cp in
Page 70

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CUNG CP IN CHO PHN XNG SN XUT CNG NGHIP

PHN I : Gii thiu chung

PHN II : THIT K CHI TIT

Ta phi chn h tha mn iu kin (1). Gi s chn h = 0,5m ta c :

khong cch gia cc n L = 1,5h = 1,53,2 = 4,8(m)

- Cn c vo cc kch thc ca nh xng ta chn nh sau :

Xt theo chiu ngang b = 24m, ta b tr mt hng c n = 5 n vi

So snh vi iu kin (3) ta thy tha mn

Xt theo chiu dc a = 36m, ta b tr mt ct c n = 8 n vi khong

cch gia cc n Ld = 4,6m. Khong cch gia tng v n (bin dc) :

So snh vi iu kin (2) ta thy tha mn

Vy s n ti thiu : Nmin = 6 . 8 = 48 (n) s m bo v ng u ca

- Ta chn hiu sut = 0,58 ; h s d tr kdt = 1,2

Cn c vo bng 2.12 ta c h s phn x ca trn, tng v sn tng ng l

Vy ta c th chn s lng n l N = 50 bng

Xt theo chiu ngang : vn b tr mt hng 5 bng v khong cch mi

bng l 4,8m. iu kin xt trn.

Xt theo chiu dc : b tr mt hng c 10 bng vi khong cch mi

bng l Ld = 3,6m. Khong cch gia tng v n (bin dc) :

Kim tra vi iu kin 2 c :

Nh vy h thng thit k chiu sng c m bo.

sinh v 2 phng thay mi ni 1 bng, cng sut ca mi bng l 100W. Vy tng

Chng 2 : Tnh ton ph ti in

Cng sut t P(kW)

1; 2; 3; 19; 20; 26; 27

14; 15; 16; 17

S mt bng phn xng

Pcs = kdt .N .Pd = 1, 2 50 200 = 12000(W )

Pcs = Pcs + Pcb =12000 + 4300 =16300(W) =16,3kW

V s dng n si t nn h s cos = 1.Vy cng sut biu kin :

2. Phng php tnh ton ph ti

- S lng hiu dng :

Nu trong trng hp s lng thit b in ln hn 4 v gi tr ca t s gia

Ptt = knc . Pni

T cc cng thc (4) , (5) , (6) , (7) , (8) ta xc nh c ph ti tnh ton ca

- Ta c s thit b n=8 > 4, xt h s

, tra bng 2.4 ng

- Ph ti tnh ton nhm I : Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 6 90 = 54( kW )

- H s cng sut : cos =

- Cng sut phn khng : Qtt = Ptt. tg = 59,994 (kVAr)

- Cng sut biu kin : S tt =

S thit b n=8 > 4

, tra bng 2.4 ng vi gi tr ca

- Ph ti tnh ton nhm II :

Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 711 34, 5 = 24, 53( kW )

- H s cng sut cos =

- Cng sut phn khng : Qtt = Ptt. tg = 24,53.1,265 = 31,03(kVAr)

- Cng sut biu kin S tt =

S thit b n=7 > 4

, tra bng 2.4 ng vi gi tr ca

- Ph ti tnh ton nhm III :

Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 651 54, 3 = 35, 357 ( kW )

- H s cng sut cos =

- Cng sut phn khng : Qtt = Ptt. tg = 35,357.1,169 = 41,332(kVAr)

- Cng sut biu kin S tt =

- S thit b n=8 > 4, xt h s

, tra bng 2.4 ng

vi gi tr ca ksd = 0,468 ta c kb = 4,68. Ta thy k <kb. vy s lng hiu dng

- Ph ti tnh ton nhm IV :

Ptt = k nc . Pni = 0, 656 38, 9 = 25, 522( kW )

- Cng sut phn khng :

- S thit b n=8 > 4, xt h s