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‫‪1‬‬
 ‫ ُل)‪.(1‬‬
‫  ُ ا ُ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺭﺑ ِﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ﹶﻞ)‪:(2‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪...،‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ( ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )‪ ، (3‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ﹸﺔ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ)‪ ،(4‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ)‪.(5‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﺩ ﻟِﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﻣﺜﻮﺍﻩ ـ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ ﻳﻠﻘﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﻴﺪﺭﺳﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﳛﻔﻈﻮﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻤ‪‬ـﺮ ﺇﺣـﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﺍ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﻘﺬ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺩﻋﻮﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲪﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﺎﺭﺍ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﺼﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻫـﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﺍﷲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ؛ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ؛ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺑﻪ ؟ ﻓﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘـﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺯﻗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺪﻯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻘﺮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﱯ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺟﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﻨﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﻖ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﲝﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻘـﻚ ﻭﺇﳍـﻚ ﺍﳊـﻖ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻚ ﻭﻧﺒﻴ‪‬ﻚ ﻭﺩﻳﻨ‪‬ﻚ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ـ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﻓـﻼﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺖ =‬
‫ﺲ ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ـﺪ‪‬ﻭ ِﻥ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖﺍِ‬
‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹶ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﳏﺎﺭﻣﻪ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻷﺟﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻋﺒﺪﻭﻩ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﲣﺼﻴـﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (4‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﺒﻴﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ ـ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺒﻴﻚ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻚ ﻭﻳﺮﺷﺪﻙ ﻓﺘﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺟﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺣﺞ ﻭﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻯ ﻓﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ؛ ﻷﻧﻚ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ ؛‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ ﺃ ﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗـﺆﻣﻦ ﺑـﺎﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗـﱪ ﻭﺍﻟـﺪﻳﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗـﺼﻞ‬
‫‪2‬‬
 ‫)ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ( ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ)‪.(1‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺴ ٍﺮ ـ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ َﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ـﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤﻠﹸـﻮﹾﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ)‪ (3‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ـ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺑِﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎِﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ)‪ (1‬ـ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :-‬ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻔﺘﻬﻢ)‪. (2‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺎﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻧـﺖ ﻣﻨـﻬﻲ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﻌـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﻨﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺗﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ‪ .‬ﻫـﺬﻩ ﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ـ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻂ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺰﻛـﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺋﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﺫﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ﺃﻭ ﻏـﲑﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻫﻠـﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫـﻢ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣـﻮﺭ ﻛﻠـﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻪ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺻﱪ ‪ .‬ﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺰﻛﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗـﺄﻣﺮ ﺑـﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮ‪‬ﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺼﱪ ؛ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻭﻟﹸﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻞ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎِﺑﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﺣِـﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺇﱠﻟﺎ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺻِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴِﻨﻨ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎِﺑﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ { ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﺻﱪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺬﺭﻭﺍ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ‪‬ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻪ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﻠـﻪ‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬

‫ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺻﱪ ‪ .‬ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺓ } ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ـﻮﹾﺍ‬
‫ﺕ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺆﻻﺀ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﲝﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤﻠﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎِﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ { ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻘـﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﺍﺀ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﺘﺤﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻄـﺎﺭﻕ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺿﺤﺎﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﻐﺸﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﻻ ﳛﻠﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟـﺼﺎﳊﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺑـﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺷﺮﻙ " ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺤﻠﻒ ﺑـﺎﷲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺼﻤﺖ " ‪= =.‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻠﻒ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﳝﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ)‪- (3‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪) :-‬ﺑﺎﺏ( ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻚ { ؛ ﻓﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻟ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻧِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ُ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻋﻠﻤـ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ)‪ (4‬ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ )‪.. (5‬‬
‫)ﺍﻷﻭﱃ( ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺯﻗﻨﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻨﺎ ﳘ ﹰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠـﱯ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻮﻟـﻮﺩ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ : -‬ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻔﺘﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫" ﻟﻮ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻔﺘﻬﻢ " ؛ ﺃﻱ ﻟﻮ ﻧﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻭﺟـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﲝﻮﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﺳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺻﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻠـﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﺎﱀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺹ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﲞﺎﺭﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑـﻊ ﻭﺗـﺴﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺳـﻨﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﷲ { ؛ ﻓﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻭﻻ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ؛ ﻓﻴﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺩﻳﻨـﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤـﻞ‬
‫‪ } :‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺼﲑﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻗﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﺪﹰﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺜﹰﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺧﻠﻘﻬﻢ ﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺳـﻌﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﻠﻘﻬﻢ ﳘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳒﺎ‪‬ﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻛﹸﻮﹾﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬‫ﺱ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ { ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪﻩ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋـﻼ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﺼﻴـﺼﻪ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫} ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃ ِﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﻮﻑ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺭﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ـ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ـ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻫﻲ ؛ ﻓﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﺍﻟـﱵ ‪‬ـﺎﻙ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ؛ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﺗـﺼﻞ ﺇﻻ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻊ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺬﺑﺢ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲝﺎﺿﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ؛ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ‪ } :‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻐ‪‬ﺎﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ﻣِ ‪‬ﻦ ﺷِﻴ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻩ { ؛ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻴﺜﻪ ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉـﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺷـﺠﺎﺭ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻈ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻈِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺎﻝ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ ؛ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺷﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺤِﺒ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹸﻮﺍﹾ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹰﻻ )‪ ، (1‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻋﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ)‪ ، (2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ ﺷ‪‬ﺎﻫِﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ ـ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻰ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹰﺍ ‪‬ﻭﺑِﻴﻠﹰﺎ {‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻘﺮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﱯ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ)‪ . (3‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ{ ‪.‬‬
‫} ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ِ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ( )‪ : (4‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻭﻭﺣﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻻﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗـﺮﺏ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ َﺁﺑ‪‬ـﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴﻮ‪ِ ‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺂ ِﺧ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻳﻮ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬

‫ﻚ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺯﻗﻨﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻨﺎ ﳘﻼ ﺑﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹸﻭ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻫﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳـﻠﻢ ـ ﺧـﺎﰎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ؛ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻭﺣﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪} :‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ ‪ }= =..‬ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ـ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪ } .‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻰ ﻓِ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹰﺍ ‪‬ﻭﺑِﻴﻠﹰﺎ { ؛ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺃﺧﺬﺍ ﻭﺑﻴﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑـﺎﻟﻐﺮﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧـﻪ ﺍﳋـﺎﻟﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﶈﻴﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻧﱯ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃﱠﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪} :‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻗﻀ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ ﻭﺣـﺪﻩ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ﻥ ﻓﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻦ ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﶈﻴﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺑﺢ ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ {‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ { ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ِ‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﺃﻭ ﳛﺒﻬﻢ ‪ .‬ﻓﻜـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻭﺣﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻻ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳏﺒﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﲡﺪ ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻳﻮﺍﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ َﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫} ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬﺪِﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎِﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ـ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬ ‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﱠﻟﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻨـْﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﺨﺬﹸﻭﹾﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺼ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﻯ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻓِﻲ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺍﻫِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﹾﺍ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻣ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺁ ُﺀ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ِﻥ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﹲﺓ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ { ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬
‫ِﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻐﻀ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻭﳏﺒﺘﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺗﺠ‪‬ـﺮِﻱ ﻣِـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺧﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻗﻠﹸﻮِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﳝ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﺮ‪‬ﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﲑ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔِﻠﺤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ {)‪. (1‬‬
‫ﺏﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﹶﺃﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺌِ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺤِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺧ‪‬ﺎِﻟﺪِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺷﺪﻙ )‪ (2‬ﺍﷲ ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻔﻴﺔ )‪ (3‬ﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﳐﻠﺼﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺲ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭ ِﻥ {‬

‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ )‪ (4‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻘﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺣﺪﻭﱐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ )‪ ، (5‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ـﻰ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻛﹸﻮﹾﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ { ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻌﻪ )‪ ، (1‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﳛﺐ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﲑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻌﺎﺩﻳﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ـ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﻋﺎﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻛﻮ ﹼ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ـ ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳏﺒﺔ ﳍﻢ ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﺗﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻴﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﷲ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ﺍﷲِ ﹶﺫِﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﱠﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ‬ ‫} ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ِﻔﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾ ِﺧﻔﹶﺎﻓﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﺛﻘﹶﺎﻟﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍِﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ‬‫ﺻ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺎﺑ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎﻣ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﻛ ﹼﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮ ِﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﹶﺎ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘﻠﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻏﻔﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺭﺣِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﱡﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺁ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻓﹶﺎﺗ‪‬ـﻘﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﻒﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ } :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﱢﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻗﻠﹸﻮِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﳝ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﺮ‪‬ﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ } :‬ﺃﹸﻭﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ { ؛ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﻗﺎﻝ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺷﺪﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﲨﻊ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ِﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺗِﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣﱠﻠ ﹶﺔ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺍﻫِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳐﻠﺼﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ ‪ } :‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬

‫‪‬ﺣﻨِﻴﻔﹰﺎ { ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳊﻨﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﷲ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻻﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻴﻒ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻠﺺ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ؛ ﻛﺈﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (4‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﻠﻘﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ ؛ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻘﻬﻢ ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﻩ ﻭﺣـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﻣﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺋﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻮﻓﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺋﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﲝﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺬﺭﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻪ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ـﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﻀ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻠﻖ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻠﻖ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻼﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﻮﺣﺪﻭﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺼﻮﱐ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫} ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (5‬ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺘﻘﺼﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺒﻴـﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠﺮﺍ ﻭﻻ ﺟﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻚ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ )‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ؟ ﻓﻘﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.-‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻚ )‪ :(3‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻚ؟ ﻓﻘﻞ )‪ : (4‬ﺭﰊ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺑﺎﱐ ﻭﺭﰉ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ‬
‫ﲔ{‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ )‪ (5‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ )‪ (6‬ﻋﺎﱂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ )‪ (7‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻚ )‪ : (1‬ﰈ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﺑﻚ ؟ ﻓﻘﻞ)‪ : (2‬ﺑﺂﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹸﻭ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺤِﺒ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘﻜﹸﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ( ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻـﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻭﻟﺪ‪‬ﻙ ﺧﺸﻴ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻌ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﲡﻌ ﹶﻞ ﷲ ِﻧﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﰒ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺬ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﺳﺌﻞ ‪ :‬ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻚ ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﰒ ﺃﻱ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺰﱐ ﲝﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﺭﻙ " ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﲔ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﺮﻙ ﺃﻋﻈـﻢ ﺍﻟـﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﺷـﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻻ ﺃﻧﺒﺌﻜﻢ ﺑﺄﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ! ﻗـﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ" ‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻏﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﷲ ‪ .‬ﺗـﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺎﻓـﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺬﺑﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﺬﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ﻧﺒﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻨﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺷﺠﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺠـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻛﹸﻮﹾﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ { ‪ ،‬ﻓــ } ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ { ‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻌﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬‫ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺇﻓـﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬‫ﺨِﻠ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃ ِﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻚ ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ ؟ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺒﻴﻚ ؟ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﻗﱪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻚ ؟‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻞ ‪ :‬ﺭﰊ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺑﺎﱐ ﻭﺭﰉ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪} :‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬

‫ﲔ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻮﻥ ‪ :‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﺎﳌﻮﻥ ـ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ـ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐﺸِﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄﹸﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺜِﻴﺜﹰـﺎ‬
‫ﺽ ﻓِﻲ ِﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺮ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ ..‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ؛ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﻠﻪ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺎﱂ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﱂ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧـﺲ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬

‫ﻳﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﻮﺣﺪﻭﻩ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ‪ } :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺴِﺒﻘﹸﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ـ ﻳ‪ ‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﺪِﻳ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔﻬ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﷲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬‫ﺍَ‬
‫ﺸ ِﻔﻔﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪..‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔﻌ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﻀ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
 ‫ﺠﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﻟِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ َﺁﻳ‪‬ﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ {)‪.(3‬‬

‫ﺵ ‪‬ﻳﻐ‪‬ـﺸِﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻴ‪‬ـ ﹶﻞ‬

‫ﺽ ﻓِﻲ ِﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )‪ِ } :(4‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜﻢ‪ ‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ {‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﺃﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺮ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄﹸﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺜِﻴﺜﹰﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﰈ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻩ ؟‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻓﻘﻞ ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺂﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ؛ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺂﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻴﻢ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻷﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻭﳝﻨﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﻳﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺇﻟﱠـﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾـِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻧﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺘﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍﺗﻨﺎ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻ ﻭﻋﻤﻼ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ { ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ﺑﻈﻼﻣـﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ } (3‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁﻳ‪‬ﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻀﻴﺎﺋﻪ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳚﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺗﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻔﻌﻮﻥ ‪‬ـﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﻭﲝﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗـﺎﻝ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣِـ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ـﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ { ﻳﻌـﲏ ﻻ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﻟِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺁﻳ‪‬ﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻋﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺬﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻴـﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺴﺎ ﻟﻪ ؛ ﻭﺧﻮﻓﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﷲ { ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺑﻜـﻢ ﻳﻌـﲏ ﺧـﺎﻟﻘﻜﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺵ { ؛ ﺃﻱ ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺽ ﻓِﻲ ِﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِﺔ ﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻛﻢ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﲜﻼﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪} :‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﲑ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻔﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐﺸِﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄﹸﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺜِﻴﺜﹰﺎ { ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻛ ِﻤﹾﺜِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ‪ } ،‬ﻳ ﹾﻄﹸﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺜِﻴﺜﹰﺎ { ؛ ﺃﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ؛ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ‪..‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺨﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﻟﻼﺕ ﻷﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ } .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳋﻠﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﻓـﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﹶﺃﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ {‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪﹲﺓ ﹶﻛﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺢ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ .‬ﻓــ } ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍ ُ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ } :‬ﹶﺃﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﺇﻻ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗـﺎﻝ‬
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 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺏ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﻮﺩ)‪. . (1‬‬

‫ﺱ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ـ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )‪ } : (2‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹸﻮﹾﺍ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺯﻗﹰﺎ ﱠﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﱠﺜ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ًﺀ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ْﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍﺷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ {‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ )‪- (3‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ : -‬ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻚ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻠﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻓﻼﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻛﺖ ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺑﺼﻠﺢ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﲔ { ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭ } ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺱ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ـ ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻨـﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍﺷ‪‬ﺎ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﻴﺘﻘﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ـ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﺑﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ًﺀ‬
‫ﺽ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍﺷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺑﲔ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ } :‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫{ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺩﺍ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﻜﻨﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﻣﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳝﺸﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ًﺀ { ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺳﻘﻔﺎ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺎ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺁﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ } ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺯﻗﹰﺎ ﱠﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﳛﻴﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﱠﺜ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ًﺀ { ؛ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ } ﹶﻓﺄﹶ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹸﻮﺍ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﺷﺒﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺻﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺟﻨﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻠﻜـﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺜﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻧـﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻴﺜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑـﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺣﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺭﺽ ﻭﲦﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻄﺮ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺎﻉ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺣِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ )‪ ،(2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﷲ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ِ‬

‫ﷲ ِﺇﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ َﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺸﺮﻙ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )‪ } : (3‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣﺴ‪‬ﺎﺑ‪ ‬ﻪ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔِﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎِﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﰲ )‪ (4‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ " :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻣﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ " ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﻮﻧِﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻜِﺒﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺗِﻲ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺧﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ { ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺄﺭﻛﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﶈﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺇﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻷﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ِﺇﺫﹰﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎِﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ِﻥ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹾـ ‪‬‬‫ﷲ ِﺇﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨﺪ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔِﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎِﻓﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ } :‬ﹶﺫِﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻮﹾﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺠ‪‬ﺎﺑ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﻟﻜﹸـ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ـ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭِﻧ ِﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤِﻠﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻗ ﹾﻄ ِﻤ ٍﲑ ـ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﺪ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﻣﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺧﺒِﲑ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻤﻰ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻋﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﻔﲔ ﺇﺧـﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻛ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒﹸﺌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹸﻔﺮ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﻮﻓﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ ﻭﺫﲝﺎ ﻭﻧﺬﺭﺍ ﻭﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﷲ ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻪ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﺏ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺃﻭ ﻧﱯ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻨﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺸﺮﻙ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﺃﺷـﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺄﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬ﺭ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺎﻝ‬‫ﷲ ﻋ‪‬ﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤِﺒ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘﻜﹸﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ـ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻞ ﺍ َ‬‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﹸﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹸﻭ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻛﹸﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ { ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﳚﺐ ﺇﺧﻼﺻﻬﺎ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻗﱪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫ﷲ ِﺇﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ﺇِ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔِﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎِﻓﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻐﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ِ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ " :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻣﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ " ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺁﺧﺮ ‪ " :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ " ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻗﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻜﹸـ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ـﻮﻧِﻲ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟﻜﹸـ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻜِﺒﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺗِﻲ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺧﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻜِﺒﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ { ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻲ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺒـﺎﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺻﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻨﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺸﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﳌﻴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻛﺎ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻛﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺟﻠﻴﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻼ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ؛ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻷﺧﻴﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ! ﺃﻋﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ؛ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗـﺎﻝ‬
‫‪10‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ )‪ (1‬ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗﺨ‪‬ﺎﻓﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺎﻓﹸﻮ ِﻥ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ {‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ‪ } :‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻐ‪‬ﺎﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺷﻴ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻩ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻄﻲ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻏﺎﺛﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻊ ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻴﺘﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ‬
‫ﷲ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻈﻨـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻀﺮ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ } :‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺆﻟﹶﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻔﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻔﻌﻮﺍ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻘﺮﺑﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻟﻔﻰ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳـﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺯﹾﻟﻔﹶﻰ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺿﻼﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﳌـﺸﻔﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻯ ‪ } :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﱠﻟﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳـﺸﻔﻊ‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔﻌ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﻀ‪‬ﻰ {‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻪ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻔﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻـ ‪‬ﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ـ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺸﻔﺎﻋﺘﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ؟ ـ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺧﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣِﻦ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ " ] ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ [ ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﻻ ﳌﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻀﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﷲ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻭﳜﺸﻰ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗﺨ‪‬ـﺎﻓﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺱ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺸ‪‬ﻮ ِﻥ { ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺧـﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬‬‫ﷲ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺶ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺎﻓﹸﻮ ِﻥ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﺧﻮﻓﻪ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﻣﻘﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﻳﻀﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻭﳝﻨﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﲣﺼﻴـﺼﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﺃﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳊﺲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺟـﻞ ﻭﻋـﻼ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻨـﻊ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﹸﺃﺣ‪‬ﺪ ﳌﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻗﺪ ﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﲔ{‪،‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗﺨ‪‬ـﺎﻓﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ـﺎﻓﹸﻮ ِﻥ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ـﺘ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﲑﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫِﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﳜﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺋﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺎﻓﻮﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗﺨ‪‬ﺎﻓﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺒﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻢ ﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﺃ ِﻋﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻌﺘ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﺓ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺍﳊﺴﻲ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﱯ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺍﳊﺴﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌـﺪﺓ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭﹾﺍ ِﺣ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ ﳌـﺎ‬
‫ﺐ { ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺣﺴﻲ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻔﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﱠﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺧﺎﺋﻔﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻪ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺧﻮﻓﺎ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺣﺮﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻈﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺫﻯ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺫﻱ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﺯ ﻣﻨﻪ ؛‬
‫ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﱪﺩ ﻓﻴﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻈﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﺄﻛﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺶ ﻓﻴﺸﺮﺏ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻟﻘﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹰﺎ ﺻ‪‬ﺎِﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺑ ِﻌﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ { ‪.‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ { ‪.‬‬

‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ } ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ﱠﻛ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ )‪ (2‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ﱠﻛﻠﹸﻮﹾﺍ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻏﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ )‪ (3‬ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻮﻉ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﲔ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻮﻧِﻲ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺸﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫ﺳِﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ )‪ (5‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﺃﻧِﻴﺒ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﲔ { ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ " :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻨﺖ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ " ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ {‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﹶﻠ ِﻖ { ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﹶﺃﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺫ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ )‪ (6‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﹶﺃﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺫ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ ﻓﲑﺟﻮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳛﺴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻮ ِﻟﻘﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹰﺎ ﺻ‪‬ـﺎِﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶـﺎ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺑ ِﻌﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ { ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ؛ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﻳ‪‬ـﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِـﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻏﺐ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺐ ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺭ‪ ‬ﹶﻏﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳛﺴﻦ ﻇﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﲑ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﲪﺔ ﻭﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﲟﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻷﺳـﺒﺎﺏ ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﷲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌـﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ﱠﻛ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ﱠﻛﻠﹸﻮﹾﺍ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬

‫)‪ (3‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﻳ‪‬ـﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِـﻲ‬
‫ﲔ { ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﺧﺎﺋﻔﲔ ﳜﺸﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺸﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﻌﻈﻤﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﺬﻟﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻏﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫( ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﺃﻧﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑـﺔ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ؛ ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ ﻓﺎﺳـﺘﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑـﺎﷲ " ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (5‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻧﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ " :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳـﺘﻌﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ؛ ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻛﺮﻙ ﻭﺷﻜﺮﻙ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺧﲑ ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (6‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﺬ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻗﻞ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ { ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ { ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺆﺫ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﺇﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﱰﻏﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﻍ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺬ ﺑﺎﷲ { ‪.‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
 ‫ﺻﻠﹶﺎﺗِﻲ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ )‪ (2‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻐِﻴﺜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ " :‬ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺑﺢ‬
‫ﺴِﻠ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﻭِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ـ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺮِﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎﺗِﻲ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻜِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻄﲑ‪‬ﺍ { ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ)‪ (2‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑِﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﺬ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺨ‪‬ﺎﻓﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ )‪ (3‬ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ ﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﻴﺎﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ا ‪ 5‬ا‪:234‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲬﺴﺔ )‪ : (4‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪...‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻴﺚ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻭ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻗـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪.‬‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻐِﻴﺜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ{‪.‬‬‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎﺗِﻲ ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻜِﻲ { ﺃﻱ ﺫﲝﻲ ‪ } ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﹶﺎﺗِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ {‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑِﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﺬ ِﺭ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹾﻘﺘ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧﺬﹶ ‪‬ﺭﺗ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﺬ ٍﺭ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺼِﻪ" ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨـﺬﺭ ﻋﺒـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ـ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻳﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻓـﻠﹾﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ‪ " :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻳﻄﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﷲ ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳـﻠﻢ‬
‫ـ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﲞﲑ " ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺬﺭ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳـﻠﻢ ـ ‪" :‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﻓﻠﻴﻄﻌﻪ " ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻧﺬﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ ﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻘﺎﺩ ﻭﺫﻝ ﻭﺧﻀﻊ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﱪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ـﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜﻔﹸـ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻚ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹾﺛﻘﹶﻰ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻜـﺎﺭ ﺫﻟـﻚ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ِﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎﻏﹸﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺑﻄﻼﻧﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺮﻋﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎﻧﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣـﻀﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣـﺞ‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﳌﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ " :‬ﺑِﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺲ ٍ‪ :‬ﺷـﻬﺎﺩ ِﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻗﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ " ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ؛ ﻓﻴﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺣﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻭﺇﺛﺒـﺎﺕ ؛‬
‫ﲔ ﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻪ‬‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻠِـ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃﻣِﺮ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺇﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻧﻔﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﻭِﻧ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻃ ﹸﻞ { ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ـﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨﻔﹶﺎ َﺀ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﻔﻊ ؛ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺺ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﻊ؛ ﻛﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻘـﺪﻭ‪‬ﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ؛ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ؛ ﻓﺪﻟﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻮﻧﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻠﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ‪ } :‬ﻋﺰِﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﱡِﺘ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﺸﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ‪} ،‬‬
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‫ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ)‪ (1‬ﻭﺣﺞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ )‪.. (2‬ﻓﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ )‪ :(3‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪} :‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻂ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ { ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻣﻌﺒـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﲝﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ " .‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ " ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ " .‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ" ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻣـﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻧﲏ ﺑﺮﺍﺀ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ـ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻄﺮﱐ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻬﺪﻳﻦ ـ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺒﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ { )‪ (1‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻀﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬‫ﺨ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻛِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴِﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﷲ ِﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﱠﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓﻘﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺑﹶﺄﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻥ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺭﺣِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺭﺅ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺺ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﺰِﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋِﻨﺘ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣﺮِﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫} ﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﱪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪‬ﻰ ﻭﺯﺟﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺮﻉ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﹶـ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠﻜﹸـ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛِﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁَ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﹸﻛِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻏِﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻉ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴﻠﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻄﹶﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪.‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱِ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﲔ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ( ‪:‬‬

‫ﷲ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟـﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺺ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺘﻜﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣﺮِﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻴﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﱪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻨﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪‬ﻰ ﻭﺯﺟﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻻ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺮﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪‬ﻰ ﻭﺯﺟﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺮﻉ ؛ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺮﻋﻪ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤِﻞ‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ " ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ‪ " :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ " ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹰﺎ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨﻔﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻘِﻴﻤ‪‬ـﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ؛ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃﻣِﺮ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭ َﺁ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻓِﺈ ‪‬ﺧﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺩِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﺔ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺎﺑ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎﻣ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺗ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﱡﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ َﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﹸﻛِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭ َﺁ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫} ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺎﺑ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎﻣ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ { ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻉ ِﺇﹶﻟﻴ‪‬ـ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﺳ‪‬ـ‪‬ﺘﻄﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﻟﹾ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺍﻫِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺁ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َﺁﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫ﲔ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ‪ " :‬ﺍﳊﺞ ﻣـﺮﺓ ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻏِﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴﻠﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﻄﻮﻉ " ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﱳ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ )‪ . (1‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻴـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﻩ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ َﺁ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻕِ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﻟﱡﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹾﻘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺭ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨِﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﹾ َﺂ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹶﺎِﺋ ﹶﻜ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫)ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ( ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ )‪ : (2‬ﺭﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤِ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺴﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟﺪِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ـ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ـ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﱡﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮ ﱠﻛ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺰِﻳ ِﺰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺣِﻴ ِﻢ ـ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻠِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﺄ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﻠﹸﻮ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮ َﺁ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ‬
‫‪‬ﺗﻔِﻴﻀ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ -‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﳓﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﺱ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺇﺫ ﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺃﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﻓﺄﺳﻨﺪ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻛﻔﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ! ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺆﰐ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ " ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﺠﺒﻨﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺼﺪﻗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘـﺪﺭ ﺧـﲑﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺮﻩ " ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ " ‪ ،‬ﻗـﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ " ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺭﺑﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ " ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻀﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺒﺜﻨﺎ ﻣﻠﻴﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ! ﺃﺗﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ؟ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ؛ ﺃﺗﺎﻛﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ " ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﻩ ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﳝﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﺡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺇﳝﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﲨﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﻴـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻹﳝـﺎﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ؛ ﻋﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ؛ ﻋﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟـﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋﻨ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﰲ ﺍﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ " :‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ " ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻳﻌـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻢ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻢ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺇﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻨﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﱠـﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫ‪‬ـﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎﺭ ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻛﻠﻪ ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﺇِ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤِ‬‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻗﺮِﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤِ‬‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
 ‫ا‪: (1) (74‬‬ ‫)ا ‪5‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ)‪ (2‬ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﺒﻴﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹰﻻ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺊ ﺑـ )ﺍﻗﺮﺃ(‬

‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺑـ ) ﺍﳌﺪﺛﺮ ( )‪ .(4‬ﻭﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﻣﻜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪} :‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻜِﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ـ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ـ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻦ ﺗ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ـ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ـ ‪‬ﻭِﺛﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪﱢﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ـ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧﺬِ ‪‬ﺭ ـ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ :‬ﻋﻈﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻌﲎ } ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِﺬ ‪‬ﺭ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺬﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ } .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺠﺮﻫﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻃﻬﺮ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪ } .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫} ‪‬ﻭِﺛﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻐـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳـﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻠﻨـﺎﺱ‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫ﺸﲑ‪‬ﺍ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺑ‪‬ـ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﱠﻓ ﹰﺔ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﺬِﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ { ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﲰﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻔﻲ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﱯ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﱯ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﱯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻤﺔ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﲰﺎﺅﻩ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟـﺎﺀ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄﺗِﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ـﺪِﻱ ﺍﺳ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ )ﺃﲪﺪ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺸ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ‪ } :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻤ‪‬ﺪ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﻩ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﺐ ﻟﻘﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﲰﻪ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺍﲰـﻪ ﻫﺎﺷـﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﻓﻬﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺔ ﺟﺪ ﻓﻬﺮ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺏ ﻟﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﰊ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﻭﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺤﻄﺎﻥ ‪ .‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺮﺑﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ { ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﻧﺒﺊ ﺑـ )ﺍﻗﺮﺃ( ؛ ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ } :‬ﺍ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹾﺃ ﺑِﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻢ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﺒﻴﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ـ ﻏﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺀ ـ ﻓﺄﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺑـ )ﺍﳌﺪﺛﺮ( ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪﱢﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ـ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِﺬ ‪‬ﺭ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺛﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻠﺘﺤﻒ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺟـﺎﺀ‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺯﻣﻠﻮﱐ ﺯﻣﻠﻮﱐ ‪ ...‬ﺩﺛﺮﻭﱐ ﺩﺛﺮﻭﱐ ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﳌﺎ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ؛ ﲤﻬﻴﺪﺍ ﻷﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِﺬ ‪‬ﺭ { ؛ ﺃﻱ ﻗـﻢ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ {‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻃﻬﺮ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﻈﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ } .‬ﻭِﺛﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬﺭﺓ ‪ } .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺗﻄﲑ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﱂ ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺟﺰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺠﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻟﺒﺎﺳﺎ ‪ } .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫} ‪‬ﻭِﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ)‪ (1‬ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ)‪ (2‬ﻋﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟـﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳍﺠﺮﺓ )‪ (3‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻔ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﻓِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹶﺎِﺋ ﹶﻜ ﹸﺔ ﻇﹶﺎِﻟﻤِﻲ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ِﹰﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﲑ‪‬ﺍ ـ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺄﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟﺮ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺽ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﺃﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﻔﻮ‪‬ﺍ‬‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﺴ‪‬ﻰ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻄِﻴﻌ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺣِﻴﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴﻠﹰﺎ ـ ﹶﻓﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻮِﹾﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭ ِﻥ { ‪.‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ـ ﺭﲪـﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺿِﻲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓِﺈﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻏﻔﹸﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ { ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺩﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪ " :-‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﺮ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﳛﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﲞﻠﻊ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻋﺒـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺼﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﻧﺬﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺫﺑﺎﺋﺤﻬﻢ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻋﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﺟﱪﺍﺋﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺭﻓﻴﻊ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟـﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﲰﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﺎﺩﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺻـﻼﺓ ﰒ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺣﱴ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﲬﺴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﲬﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﻫﺎ ؛ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮ ﲬﺴﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ـ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟـﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﲬﺲ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ‪ .‬ﺻﻼﳘﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺎﺟﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (3‬ﰒ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺫﻯ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ؛ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺃﺫﻯ ﻭﻇﻠﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻨﺼﺮﻭﻩ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺭﺿﺎﻫﻢ ـ ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲤـﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺜﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺷـﻲ ﻣـﺪﺓ ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻫـﺎﺟﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ )‪ (1‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ )‪ (2‬ـ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ـ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺣﺬﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳋﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺮﺿﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺬﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺄﺑﺎﻩ ‪.‬ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺱ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ـﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺽ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻠﲔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟﻜﹸـ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺸ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ { ﻭﻛﻤﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺩِﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ { ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺿِﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﺩِﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴﺘ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ـ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫} ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻮﻥ )‪ ،(3‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹾﻘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧﻌِﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛﻢ‪ ‬ﻭ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ ﹸﺃﺧ‪‬ـﺮ‪‬ﻯ {‬
‫ﺨ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍﺟ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﳏﺎﺳـﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻧﺒ‪‬ﺎﺗ‪‬ﺎ ـ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻌِﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﺒ‪‬ﺘﻜﹸﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ُ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ؛ ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ؛ ﻷ‪‬ـﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻨـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﻴﺔ ‪ } :‬ﻭ َﺁﺗ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺣﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ ﺃﻧـﺼﺒﺎﺅﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ ؛ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳊـﺞ‬
‫ﻉ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴﻠﹰﺎ { ﰲ ﺳـﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻄﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﳚﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻫﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻒ ﻋﻤﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺪﺅﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺪﻋﻮﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺮﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻮﺍ= =ﻭﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﺣـﱴ ﻳـﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ؛ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﺇﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺩِﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ـ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴﺘ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ـ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺩِﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ‪ } :‬ﺇِ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺿِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫{‪.‬‬

‫ﺨ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍﺟ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻧﺒ‪‬ﺎﺗ‪‬ﺎ ـ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻌِﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﻜﹸﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫( ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ُ‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﲑ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺜﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﻗﹸ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﺑﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌﹸﺜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺆ ﱠﻥ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻰ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﳏﺎﺳﺒﻮﻥ ﻭﳎﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺳ‪‬ﺎﺅ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤﻠﹸﻮﹾﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴﺠ‪ِ ‬ﺰ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﳝﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﴰﺎﺋﻠﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﻲ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻟﻪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧـﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﳜﻒ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﻣﻴﺰﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻔﻮ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳜﻒ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺬﺭ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﱴ ﻳﻬﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳊﺰﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳊـﺰﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧـﺬ‬
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‫ﺠ ِﺰﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺳ‪‬ﺎﺅ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤﻠﹸـﻮﹾﺍ‬ ‫ﺽ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻭﳎﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﷲِ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻰ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺬﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻛﻔﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﲑ { ‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺒ‪ ‬ﻌﺜﹲﻮﹾﺍ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﺑﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌﹸﺜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺆ ﱠﻥ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ )‪ (1‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻨﺬﺭﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ِﺬﺭِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻟﹶﺌﻠﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹲﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻞ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻧﻮﺡ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻫﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪ ،(2)-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﲔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺪ ِﻩ { ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨِﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺰﳝﺔ ﻥ ﻭﳚﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺡ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ= =‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ؛ ﻓﻴﻔﻮﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺱ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ـﻮ ﹸﻝ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﲑ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﺬِﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ { ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻧـﱯ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﱠﻓ ﹰﺔ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﳑﻬﻢ ﻣﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻨﺬﺭﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻭﳍﻢ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺒﻠـﻪ ﺁﺩﻡ ﱐ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺫﺭﻳﺘﻪ ؛ ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﻢ ﺁﺩﻡ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻧﻮﺡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻧﻮﺡ ؛ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻧﻮﺣـﺎ ـ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟـﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ؛ ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻫﻮﺩﺍ ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺎﳊﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﲦﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻟﻮﻃﺎ ﻭﺷﻌﻴﺒﺎ ﻭﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺘﻤﻮﺍ ﲟﺤﻤﺪ ـ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﰒ ﺧﺘﻤﻮﺍ ﲟﺤﻤﺪ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﲤﻬﻢ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ﻗـﺎﻝ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ ‪} :‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻞ { ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃـﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺸﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ِﺬﺭِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻟﹶﺌﻠﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺬﺭﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﻨﺬﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﳏﻤـﺪ ‪ -‬ﺻـﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﷲ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ـِﻨﲑ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﺬِﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ـ ‪‬ﻭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺸﲑﺍ= =ﻭﻧﺬﻳﺮﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ } :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ { ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻣـﻢ ﺍﺗﺒـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨِﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺟ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻜِﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫{ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻠﻬﻢ ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺎﺩ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‬
‫ﲔ { ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬‬‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺼﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻔﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺸﻜﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺭ{ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻗﻠِﻴﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻠﱡﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬ ‫‪ } :‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﲔ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻇ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻓﺮِﻳﻘﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑﻠِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

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‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ )‪ (1‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ)‪ . (2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺕ { ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺽ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘِﻨﺒ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻏﹸﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﹾﺜﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ـ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻣﺎ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺣﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻉ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻏﻴﺖ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﲬﺴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ـ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪} :‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑِـﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﹾـ ‪‬ﻮﹾﺛﻘﹶﻰ ﻟﹶـﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ِﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﻗﹶﺪ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎﻏﹸﻮ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺳﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋﻠِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ِﻔﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ " :‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ)‪ (3‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ " ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(1‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﹾﺜﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ـﻮﻟﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ِﻥ‬
‫ﺕ { ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﺃﻃﻴﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻭﺣﺪﻭﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘِﻨﺒ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻏﹸﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ‪ :‬ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺑﺸﺮﻛﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﺮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺭﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ـ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋـﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﺮﻭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ؛ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻓﲔ ﻭﺍﻟـﺴﺤﺮﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺆﻻﺀ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻏﻴﺖ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻃﺎﻏﻮﺕ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻙ } ﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﻗﹶﺪ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻲ { ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺷﺪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ِﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪ ،-‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎﻏﹸﻮ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺳﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋﻠِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ { ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﺘﱪﺃ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻄﻼﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﱪﺃ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺸﺮﻙ ‪} ،‬‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹾﺛﻘﹶﻰ ﻟﹶﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ِﻔﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳍﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﲟﺤﻤﺪ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺎﺩ ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ { ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺼﻢ ‪ } ،‬ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹾﺛﻘﹶﻰ { ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴـﺪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ } :‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ِﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﲏ ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺴﻚ ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪-‬ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﻔﲔ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ= =ﳚﻮﺯ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺱ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ـﻲ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﺖ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﻌﺘﻪ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ } :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ـﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِﺰ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹸﻭﹶﻟﺌِـ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ { ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻓﹶﺎﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ َﺁﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰﺭ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ { ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ـ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ـ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔِﻠﺤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ { ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪ ‬ﹾﻜ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣﺰ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﰒ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺳِـ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ " :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ؛ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﰊ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣِﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ ِﺔ ﻳﻬﻮﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ " ] ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ [ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﲨﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ـ ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ـ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ‪ ،-‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ؛ ﻓﻬـﻮ ﻛـﺎﻓﺮﻛﻔﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻛﱪ ﳐﺮﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ " ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ " ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﻔﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺣـﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻭﻳﻨﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺘﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻪ ـ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫ـ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﻴﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭ " ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ " ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺗﲔ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﻛـﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
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‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪ " .‬ﻭﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ " ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺩﻋـﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ـ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬
‫أ‪ >? @ A‬ا>=‪ ،‬ول إ‪ 9‬رة )‪ (Word‬ا‪ PQ LR‬أ‪ 2‬ا ا‪NO‬ي ‪ K>L‬ا>= وا‪G‬ن ا>‪ =I ،‬ا‪FG3H‬ء ‪C #D‬‬
‫م ا‪N 15 S‬دي ا‪1426 34‬هـ‪.‬‬
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