Name: _________________________________ Chapter 45 Reading Guide Section 1 (p. 943-944) 1.

Compare the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Period: ________

2. Explain the basic pattern of a simple hormonal control pathway.

3. What role does negative feedback play in a control pathway?

Positive feedback?

Section 2 (p. 945-948) 4. Identify the bodys chemical signals and their functions.

5. Describe the mechanisms of hormonal signaling.

6. How is the function of hormones different on cell-surface receptors than on intracellular receptors?

7. Explain the role of these local regulators: Neurotransmitters: Cytokines: Growth factors: Nitric oxide (NO): Prostaglandins (PGs): Section 3 (p. 948-952) 8. Describe the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): 9. Describe the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. Growth hormone (GH): Prolactin (PRL): Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Luteinizing hormone (LH): Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH):

Section 4 (p. 953-959) 10. Describe the hormones of the thyroid gland.

11. How do vitamin D and calcitonin of the parathyroid gland influence blood maintenance?

12. How do insulin and glucagon control blood glucose?

13. Describe the two types of diabetes mellitus.

14. How do epinephrine and norepinephrine affect energy sources and stress?

The cardiovascular system?

The respiratory system?

15. Compare short-term stress responses to long-term stress responses.

16. Describe the two types of corticosteroids.

17. Compare and contrast estrogens and androgens.

18. How is melatonin related to biological rhythms?

Section 5 (p. 959-961) 19. Describe the hormones of insect development.