CCH DIN T: NGN NG KHNG R RNG

Chng ta s dng ngn ng khng r rng khi chng ta khng mun (hoc khng c th) chnh xc, ng n v t m.

Ni v nhng vic tng t

C mt s mnh m hu dng khi chng ta mun ni v mt vic g tng t nh vic khc, nhng n khng chnh xc ging nhau. Chng ta thng s dng nhng mnh ny bi v chng ta khng c th tm c t chnh xc m chng ta cn.

kind of v sort of:

Chng ta c th s dng nhng mnh ny trc nhng danh t v tnh t:

A paramedic is a kind of doctor, or perhaps it is a sort of nurse. Im not sure, but they help injured people. Ngi nhn vin cp cu ging nh mt bc s, hoc c l ging nh mt y t. Ti khng chc chn, nhng h gip nhng ngi b thng.

Im kind of happy that school has finished, but Ill miss my friends. Ti c l vui mng khi nm hc kt thc, nhng ti s nh bn b.

Chng ta cng s dng kind of v sort of trc like hoc similar to:

Australian Rules Football is kind of like soccer and rugby combined. Lut l Bng c ging nh bng v bng chy kt hp li.

New Zealand is sort of similar to Britain. Nc New Zealand cng ging nh nc Anh quc.

-ish: Chng ta c th thm 'ish' vo nhng tnh t v s c ngha l 'khong'

How old is he? Im not sure, perhaps fortyish. Anh ta bao nhiu tui? Ti khng bit, c l khong 40 tui my.

And hes got blueish eyes, or are they greenish? Im not so sure. V anh ta c i mt xanh dng hoc xanh l cy? Ti khng chc lm.

Tt c nhng t di y c th c s dng thay cho danh t khi chng ta khng bit t chnh xc hoc chng ta khng th nh n.

a whatsit - a whatsitcalled

a thingummy - a thingummyjig

You need one of those... oh, you know, you need a whatsit to open that bottle. Bn cn mt trong nhng ci...bn bit ri , bn cn ci th m chai.

Thingummy c th c s dng thay cho tn mt ngi no .

Have you seen, erm, thingummy, you know, the guy with glasses? Bn c thy ci ng, ngi m mang knh ?

Stuff v thing:

Thing m ch mt vt m c s t (v d: a car, a mouse) Things m ch nhng vt m c s nhiu (v d; clothes, spiders, pens)

Stuff m ch nhng vt khng m c (v d: oil, information) hoc mt lot nhng vt m c (ging nh things) v d a lot of clothes, shopping items.

Chng ta thng khng s dng nhng t ny khi c hai ngi n v ngi nghe bit v nhng vic m ang c tho lun, hoc khi chng ta khng bit chnh xc t, hoc ngay c khng c t chnh xc.

Where do you keep all the cleaning stuff? Bn ct nhng vt dng v sinh u?

'the cleaning stuff' c ngha tt c nhng vt dng khc nhau m c s dng v sinh nh: cy lau nh, chi, dung dch v nh bng.means

I cant clean your bedroom floor, theres loads of stuff/things all over it. Ti khng th v sinh sn phng ng ca ng v c nhiu c nm la lit.

'loads of stuff/things' c th c ngha l chi, v, giy t....

I need a thing to stop my washing machine from leaking, you know, a round rubber thing that goes on the main pipe. Ti cn mt th lm cho my git khng chy nc ra ngoi, bn bit , n l mt ming cao su trn m nht vo ng nc chnh.

Khong

Tt c nhng mnh di y c ngha tng t nh 'approximately' nhng t trang trng hn.

- about: N mt khong 20 li xe n . - roughly: C khong 50 ti ging ng. - more or less: Cn khong 20 pht na chm dt tr chi. - Further stuff:

Khi c nhiu hn v d m bn c th ni, nhng bn khng cn, bn c th s dng etcetera and and all that sort of thing. N c th ni ngn and all that sort of thing thnh and all that.

We had a great time in Egypt. We saw the Nile, Cairo, the pyramids etcetera. Chng ti c mt thi gian p ti Ai Cp. Chng ti i thm Nile, Cairo, kim t thp v nhiu th khc.

In my office job, I have to do the filing, manage the scheduling, answer the phones and all that sort of thing. Cng vic ca ti, ti phi lu h s, qun l thi gian biu, tr li in thoi v nhiu th khc.

Davids a great team captain. Hes decisive, determined and all that. David l mt i trng xut sc. Anh ta cng quyt, quyt on v hn th na