TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI KHOA IN T - VIN THNG

Bo Co Th Nghim
X L S TN HIU
Sinh vin thc hin Lp MSSV : L c Vng : in t 01 - K55 : 20102591

H ni 10/2013

Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

BI 1 : M PHNG H THNG V TN HIU RI RC BNG MATLAB A. Tn hiu v h thng ri rc min n 1.1 Vit chng trnh con to mt dy thc ngu nhin xut pht t n1 n n2 v c gi tr ca bin theo phn b GAUSS vi trung bnh bng 0, phng sai bng 1. Yu cu chng trnh con c cc tham s u vo v u ra c nhp theo lnh vi c php : [x,n] = randnseq(n1,n2)
function [x,n] = randnseq(n1,n2) n = [n1:n2]; x = randn(size(n));

1.2 Vit cc chng trnh to hm nng lng ca mt dy . Yu cu chng trnh con c cc tham s u vo v u ra c nhp tho c php : Ex = energy (x,n)
function [Ex] = energy(x,n) %Tinh Ex = nang luong, %---------------------------------------------%[Ex] = energy(x,n) Ex = sum(abs(x).^2);

1.3 Cho dy x(n) = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1] . Vit chng trnh con th trn th cc dy :

n = [-2:10]; x = [1:7,6:-1:1]; % [x11,n11] = sigshift(x,n,5); [x12,n12] = sigshift(x,n,-4); [x1,n1] = sigadd(2*x11,n11,-3*x12,n12); subplot(2,1,1); stem(n1,x1); title('Day so theo dau bai 1.9a'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x1(n)'); % [x21,n21] = sigfold(x,n); [x21,n21] = sigshift(x21,n21,3); [x22,n22] = sigshift(x,n,2); [x22,n22] = sigmult(x,n,x22,n22); [x2,n2] = sigadd(x21,n21,x22,n22); subplot(2,1,2); stem(n2,x2); title('Day so theo dau bai 1.9b'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x2(n)');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

1.4 Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng nh sau : y(n) - y(n-1) + 0.9y(n-2) = x(n) S dng hm filter ca Matlap, vit chng trnh thc hin cc cng vic sau:
b = [1]; a = [1, -1, 0.9]; % x= impseq(0,-20,120); n = [-20:120]; h= filter(b,a,x); subplot(2,1,1); stem(n,h); title('Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); % x = stepseq(0,-20,120); s = filter(b,a,x); subplot(2,1,2); stem(n,s); title('Step Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('s(n)');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

B. TN HIU C H THNG RI TC MIN Z, MIN TN S LIN TC W V MIN TN S RI RC K 1.5

w = [0:1:500]*pi/500; X = exp(j*w) ./ (exp(j*w)- 0.5*ones(1,501)); magX = abs(X); angX = angle(X); realX = real(X); imagX = imag(X); subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,magX); grid; title('Magnitude Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Magnitude'); subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,angX); grid; title('Angle Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Radians'); subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,realX); grid; title('Real Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Real'); subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,imagX); grid; title('Imaginary Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Imaginary');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

1.6 Cho dy x(n) = {..,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,0,0,....} y l dy xc nh trong khong -1 n 3

nx = [-1:3]; x = [1 2 3 4 5]; [x2 nx2] = sigfold(x,nx); [y,ny] = conv_m(x,nx,x2,nx2); %plot % subplot(3,1,1); stem(nx,x); title('x(n)'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)'); axis([-8 8 -10 10]); subplot(3,1,2); stem(nx,x); title('x(n)'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)'); axis([-8 8 -10 10]); subplot(3,1,3); stem(ny,y); title('Self Correlation'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('y(n)'); axis([-8 8 -50 200]);

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

1.7 Cho mt hm min Z

b = [0 1]; a = [3 -4 1]; [R,p,C] = residuez(b,a) % [b a] = residuez(R,p,C)

1.8 Cho hm X(z), vit chng trnh tnh cc im cc, thgn d ca cc im cc ca hm

b=1 a = poly([0.9 0.9 -0.9]) [R,p,C] = residuez(b,a)

1.9 Cho h thng nhn qu biu din bi phng trnh, tm hm truyn t

b = [1 0]; a = [1 -0.9]; % Tim phan bo diem cuc va diem khong subplot(1,2,1); zplane(b,a); title('Z plane'); % Tim dap ung tan so bang cach danh gia 200 diem roi rac % cua H(z) tren duong tron don vi [H, w] = freqz(b,a,200,'whole'); magH = abs(H(1:101)); phaH= angle(H(1:101)); % Ve dap ung tan so subplot(2,2,2); plot(w(1:101)/pi,magH); grid;

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Magnitude'); subplot(2,2,4); plot(w(1:101)/pi,phaH/pi); grid; title('Phase Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Phase in pi units');

1.10 To cc hm thc hin vic bin i F ri rc thun ( t tn l hm dft) F ri rc ngc l hm idft . Da trn cc hm xy dng bin i F
nx = [-3:10]; x = stepseq(0,-3,10)-stepseq(6,-3,10); nh = nx; h = [(nh >= 0) & (nh < 4)].*(1-nh/4); [y,ny] = conv_m(x,nx,h,nh); % %plot clf; % subplot(3,1,1); stem(nx,x); title('Input'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)'); subplot(3,1,2); stem(nh,h); title('Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s subplot(3,1,3); stem(ny,y); title('Output'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('y(n)'); axis([-4 10 0.0 2.5]);

THIT K B LC S BNG MATLAB

2.2 Vit chng trnh tnh hm ln ca p ng tn s b lc FIR loi 2, FIR lo 3 v FIR loi 4 vi cc tham s u vo v ra nhp theo cu lnh . 1.
function [Hr,w,a,L] = Hr_Type1(h) % Computes Amplitude response Hr(w) of a Type-1 LP FIR filter % ----------------------------------------------------------% [Hr,w,a,L] = Hr_Type1(h) % Hr = Amplitude Response % w = frequencies between [0 pi] over which Hr is computed % a = Type-1 LP filter coefficients % L = Order of Hr % h = Type-1 LP filter impulse response % M = length(h); L = (M-1)/2;

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s a = [h(L+1) 2*h(L:-1:1)]; n = [0:1:L]; w = [0:1:500]'*pi/500; Hr = cos(w*n)*a'; 2. function [Hr,w,b,L] = Hr_Type2(h) % Computes Amplitude response Hr(w) of a Type-2 LP FIR filter % ----------------------------------------------------------% [Hr,w,b,L] = Hr_Type2(h) % Hr = Amplitude Response % w = frequencies between [0 pi] over which Hr is computed % b = Type-2 LP filter coefficients % L = Order of Hr % h = Type-2 LP filter impulse response % M = length(h); L = M/2; b = 2*h(L:-1:1); n = [1:1:L]; n = n-0.5; w = [0:1:500]'*pi/500; Hr = cos(w*n)*b';

3.
function [Hr,w,c,L] = Hr_Type3(h) % Computes Amplitude response Hr(w) of a Type-3 LP FIR filter % ----------------------------------------------------------% [Hr,w,c,L] = Hr_Type3(h) % Hr = Amplitude Response % w = frequencies between [0 pi] over which Hr is computed % c = Type-3 LP filter coefficients % L = Order of Hr % h = Type-3 LP filter impulse response % M = length(h); L = (M-1)/2; c = 2*h(L+1:-1:1); n = [0:1:L]; w = [0:1:500]'*pi/500; Hr = sin(w*n)*c';

4.
function [Hr,w,d,L] = Hr_Type4(h) % Computes Amplitude response Hr(w) of a Type-4 LP FIR filter % ----------------------------------------------------------% [Hr,w,d,L] = Hr_Type4(h) % Hr = Amplitude Response % w = frequencies between [0 pi] over which Hr is computed % d = Type-4 LP filter coefficients % L = Order of Hr

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s % h = Type-4 LP filter impulse response % M = length(h); L = M/2; d = 2*h(L:-1:1); n = [1:1:L]; n = n-0.5; w = [0:1:500]'*pi/500; Hr = sin(w*n)*d';

2.3 Cc h thng, xc nh b loi b lc tnh v biu din trn th

h = [-4,1,-1,-2,5,6,5,-2,-1,1,-4]; M = length(h); n =0:M-1; [Hr,w,a,L] = Hr_Type1(h); a, L amax = max(a)+1; amin = min(a)-1; % subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,h); axis([-1,2*L+1,amin,amax]); title('Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); % subplot(2,2,3); stem(0:L,a); axis([-1,2*L+1,amin,amax]); title('a(n) coefficients'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('a(n)'); % subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,Hr); grid; title('Type-1 Amplitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr'); % subplot(2,2,4); zplane(h,1);

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

2.4 Cho h thng FIR, xc nh b lc, vit chng trnh v biu din trn th . Dy p ng xung ca b lc v cc h s ca b lc
h = [-4,1,-1,-2,5,6,-6,-5,2,1,-1,4]; M = length(h); n =0:M-1; [Hr,w,d,L] = Hr_Type4(h); d, L dmax = max(d)+1; dmin = min(d)-1; % subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,h); axis([-1,2*L+1,dmin,dmax]); title('Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); % subplot(2,2,3); stem(1:L,d); axis([-1,2*L+1,dmin,dmax]); title('d(n) coefficients'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('d(n)'); % subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,Hr); grid; title('Type-3 Amplitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr'); % subplot(2,2,4); zplane(h,1)

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

2.5 Thit k b lc thng thp theo phng php ca s vi cc tham s u vo, tnh v biu din trn th
wp = 0.2*pi; ws =0.3*pi; tr_width = ws - wp; M = ceil(6.6*pi/tr_width) + 1 n = [0:1:M-1]; wc = (ws+wp)/2; hd = ideal_lp(wc,M); w_ham = (hamming(M))'; h = hd .* w_ham; [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]); delta_w = 2*pi/1000; Rp = -(min(db(1:1:wp/delta_w+1))) As = -round(max(db(ws/delta_w+1:1:501))) %plot subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,hd); axis([0,M-1,-0.1,0.3]); title('Ideal Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd(n)'); % subplot(2,2,2); stem(n,w_ham); axis([0,M-1,0,1.1]); title('Hamming Window'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('w(n)'); % subplot(2,2,3); stem(n,h);

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s axis([0,M-1,-0.1,0.3]); title('Actual Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); % subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db); grid; axis([0,1,-100,10]); title('Magnitude Response in dB'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels');

2.6 Thit k b lc thng thp theo phng php ly mu tn s vi cc tham s u vo

M = 60; alpha = (M-1)/2; l = 0:M-1; wl = (2*pi/M)*l; Hrs = [ones(1,7),0.5925,0.1099,zeros(1,43),0.1099,0.5925,ones(1,6)]; Amp Res sampled Hdr = [1,1,0,0]; wdl = [0,0.2,0.3,1]; %Ideal Amp Res for plotting k1 = 0:floor((M-1)/2); k2 = floor((M-1)/2)+1:M-1; angH = [-alpha*(2*pi)/M*k1, alpha*(2*pi)/M*(M-k2)]; H = Hrs.*exp(j*angH); h = real(ifft(H,M)); [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,1); [Hr,ww,a,L] = Hr_Type2(h); %plot subplot(2,2,1); plot(wl(1:31)/pi,Hrs(1:31),'o',wdl,Hdr); axis([0,1,-0.1,1.1]); title('Frequency Samples: M=40, T2 = 0.5925, T1 = 0.1099'); %Ideal

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(k)'); % subplot(2,2,2); stem(l,h); axis([-1,M,-0.1,0.3]); title('Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); % subplot(2,2,3); plot(ww/pi,Hr,wl(1:31)/pi,Hrs(1:31),'o'); axis([0,1,-0.2,1.2]); title('Amplitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(w)'); % subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db); axis([0,1,-100,10]); grid title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels');

2.7 Thit k b lc thng thp theo phng php lp vi cc tham s u vo

wp = 0.2*pi; ws =0.3*pi; Rp = 0.25; As = 50; delta_w = 2*pi/1000; wsi = ws/delta_w+1; delta1 = (10^(Rp/20)-1)/(10^(Rp/20)+1);

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s delta2 = (1+delta1)*(10^(-As/20)); deltaH = max(delta1,delta2); deltaL = min(delta1,delta2); weights = [delta2/delta1 1]; deltaf = (ws-wp)/(2*pi); M = ceil((-20*log10(sqrt(delta1*delta2))-13)/(14.6*deltaf)+1) f = [0 wp/pi ws/pi 1]; m = [1 1 0 0]; h = firpm(M-1,f,m,weights); [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]); Asd = -max(db(wsi:1:501)) % while Asd<As M = M+1 [h,ERR,RES] = firpm(M-1,f,m,weights); [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]); Asd = -max(db(wsi:1:501)) end % %plot n = [0:1:M-1]; % subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,h); axis([0,M-1,-0.1,0.3]); title('Impulse Response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); % subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,db); grid; axis([0,1,-80,10]); title('Magnitude Response in dB'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels'); % subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,mag); grid; axis([0,1,-0.2,1.2]); title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(w)'); % subplot(2,2,4); plot(RES.fgrid,RES.error); grid; axis([0,1,-0.0150,0.0150]); title('Error Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Er(w)');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

B. THIT K B LC C P NG XUNG CHIU DI V HN( B LC S IIR) 2.8 Thit k b lc thng thp tng t, dng Chebyshev- I, ca s ci cc tham s u vo.
Wp = 0.2*pi; Ws =0.3*pi; Rp = 1; As = 16; Ripple = 10^(-Rp/20); Attn = 10^(-As/20); % Analog filter design: [b,a] = afd_chb1(Wp,Ws,Rp,As); % Calculation of Frequency Response: [db,mag,pha,w] = freqs_m(b,a,0.5*pi); % Calculation of Impulse response: [ha,x,t] = impulse(b,a); %plot subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,mag); grid; axis([0,0.5,-0.1,1.1]); title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(w)'); % subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,db); grid; axis([0,0.5,-40,5]); title('Magnitude Response in dB');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels'); % subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,pha/pi); grid; axis([0,0.5,-1.0,1.0]); title('Phase Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('radians'); % subplot(2,2,4); plot(t,ha); grid; axis([0,50,-0.10,0.25]); title('Impulse Response'); xlabel('time in seconds'); ylabel('ha(t)');

2.9 Chuyn i b lc vi cc tham s cho sang b lc s bng phng php bin i song tuyn
% Digital Filter Specification: wp =0.2*pi; % digital Passband freq in Hz ws =0.3*pi; % digital Stopband freq in Hz Rp = 1; % Passband ripple in dB As = 15; % Stopband attenuation in dB % Analog prototype Specification: Inverse mapping for frequencies T = 1; Fs =1/T; % Set T=1 OmegaP = (2/T)*tan(wp/2); % Prewarp Prototype Passband freq OmegaS = (2/T)*tan(ws/2); % Prewarp Prototype Stopband freq

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s % Analog Chebyshev-1 Prototype Filter Calculation: [cs, ds] = afd_chb1(OmegaP,OmegaS,Rp,As); % Bilinear transformation: [b,a] = bilinear(cs,ds,Fs); % [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(b,a); %plot

subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,mag); axis([0,1,0,1.2]); grid title('Amplitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('|Hr(w)|'); % subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,db); axis([0,1,-30,10]); grid title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels'); % subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,pha/pi); axis([0,1,-1,1]); grid title('Phase Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Angle(Hr(w))'); % subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,grd); axis([0,1,0,15]); grid title('Group Delay'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Samples');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

2.10 Thc hin yu cu ca cu 2.9 theo phng php bt bin xung , dng hm impinvar ca Matlap
% Digital Filter Specification: wp =0.2*pi; % digital Passband freq in Hz ws =0.3*pi; % digital Stopband freq in Hz Rp = 1; % Passband ripple in dB As = 15; % Stopband attenuation in dB % Analog prototype Specification: Inverse mapping for frequencies T = 1; Fs =1/T; % Set T=1 OmegaP = (2/T)*tan(wp/2); % Prewarp Prototype Passband freq OmegaS = (2/T)*tan(ws/2); % Prewarp Prototype Stopband freq % Analog Chebyshev-1 Prototype Filter Calculation: [cs, ds] = afd_chb1(OmegaP,OmegaS,Rp,As); % Bilinear transformation: [b,a] = impinvar(cs,ds,Fs); % [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(b,a); %plot subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,mag); axis([0,1,0,1.2]); grid title('Amplitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('|Hr(w)|'); % subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,db); axis([0,1,-30,10]); grid title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels'); % subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,pha/pi); axis([0,1,-1,1]); grid title('Phase Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Angle(Hr(w))'); % subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,grd); axis([0,1,0,15]); grid title('Group Delay'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Samples');

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s

2.11 To hm thc hin vic chuyn i bng tn, tr v hm truyn t ca b lc vi cc tham s u vo l hm truyn t ca b lc thng thp, hm a thc th hin php bin i s c lp .
function [bz,az] = zmapping(bZ,aZ,Nz,Dz) % Frequency band Transformation from Z-domain to z-domain % ------------------------------------------------------% [bz,az] = zmapping(bZ,aZ,Nz,Dz) % perform: % b(z) b(Z)| % ---- = ----| N(z) % a(z) a(Z)|Z = ---% D(z) % bzord = (length(bZ)-1)*(length(Nz)-1); azord = (length(aZ)-1)*(length(Dz)-1); % bz = zeros(1,bzord+1); for k = 0:bzord pln = [1]; for l = 0:k-1 pln = conv(pln,Nz); end pld = [1];

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s for l = 0:bzord-k-1 pld = conv(pld,Dz); end bz = bz+bZ(k+1)*conv(pln,pld); end az = zeros(1,azord+1); for k = 0:azord pln = [1]; for l = 0:k-1 pln = conv(pln,Nz); end pld = [1]; for l = 0:azord-k-1 pld = conv(pld,Dz); end az = az+aZ(k+1)*conv(pln,pld); end % az1 = az(1); az = az/az1; bz=bz/az1;

2.12 Vit chng trnh chuyn i t b lc thng thp theo thit k sang b lc thng cao c tn s ct w
% Digital Filter Specification: wplp =0.2*pi; % digital Passband freq in Hz wslp =0.3*pi; % digital Stopband freq in Hz Rp = 1; % Passband ripple in dB As = 15; % Stopband attenuation in dB % Analog prototype Specification: Inverse mapping for frequencies T = 1; Fs =1/T; % Set T=1 OmegaP = (2/T)*tan(wplp/2); % Prewarp Prototype Passband freq OmegaS = (2/T)*tan(wslp/2); % Prewarp Prototype Stopband freq % Analog Chebyshev-1 Prototype Filter Calculation: [cs, ds] = afd_chb1(OmegaP,OmegaS,Rp,As); % Bilinear transformation: [blp,alp] = bilinear(cs,ds,Fs); % % Digital Highpass Filter Cutoff frequency: wphp = 0.6*pi; % LP-to-HP frequency-band transformation: alpha = - (cos((wplp+wphp)/2)/cos((wplp-wphp)/2)) Nz = -[alpha,1]; Dz = [1,alpha]; [bhp,ahp] = zmapping(blp,alp,Nz,Dz); [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(bhp,ahp); %plot subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,mag);

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Th nghim X l s tn hiu v lc s axis([0,1,0,1.2]); grid title('Amplitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('|Hr(w)|'); % subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,db); axis([0,1,-30,10]); grid title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels'); % subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,pha/pi); axis([0,1,-1,1]); grid title('Phase Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Angle(Hr(w))'); % subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,grd); axis([0,1,0,15]); grid title('Group Delay'); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Samples');

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BI 3.
1.

GII THIU V DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR

Mc ch:

Kt thc bi th nghim ny, sinh vin c th gii thch s khc nhau gia mt b x l tn hiu s (DSP) v mt b x l mc ch chung. Xa hn mt bc, sinh vin c th lm quen vi qu trnh thit k cho cc chng trnh cho DSP.

2.

C s l thuyt.

B x l tn hiu s (Digital Signal Processor - DSP) l mt b phn x l mnh v rt nhanh, n c th iu khin qu trnh phn tch tn hiu trong thi gian thc. Bi cc phn t kho cho cc mch logic c thit k chuyn dng cho cc php ton nhn v cng nn thi gian tnh ton trong cc DSP ni chung thng nhanh hn so vi cc b vi x l khc.

Cc b x l tn hiu s c c trng bi: Cc cu trc chuyn mn ho cho php chng thc hin cc lnh mi mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu

Cc ch th nhn nhanh Mt s rt gn cc lnh lm cho qu trnh lp trnh DSP n gin hn

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Cc DSP lm cuc cch mng trong cng ngh in t vin thng. DSP c th coi nh tri tim trong hng lot cc thit b hin i nh in thoi di ng, cc thit b nhn dng v tng hp ting ni, b chi DVD (Digital Versatile), v cc thit b an ton mc cao. Khng nhng vy, rt nhiu ng dng ngy nay c tch hp DSP nh l trung tm iu khin ca h thng bao gm cc b iu khin a cng, cc h thng treo xe t, trong cc mng x l tn hiu nh y t, v cc h thng radar.

DSP bt u xut hin vo cui nhng nm 1970 v vo u nm 1980 vi DSP1 ca Bell Lab, 2920 ca Inlel, uPD7720 ca NEC. Vo nm 1982, Texas Instrument a ra TMS32010, thnh vin u tin ca h DSP du phy tnh 16 bit. DSP ny c tc tnh ton l 8MIPS. Cc bc nhy vt lin tip xut hin. C th l vo nm 1998, cc DSP s dng x l song song t ti tc tnh ton 1600MIPS.

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Trong h thng th nghim Lab-Volt DIGITAL SIGNAI PROCESSOR, loi DSP c s dng l Texas Instrument TMS320C50. y l loi DSP th h th ba vi thit k bn trong da trn DSP th h th nht TMS320C10.

Cng vo nm 1982, cc b x l du phy ng u tin c sn xut bi Hitachi. Khun dng s ny tng ng k khong tnh ton ng ca DSP. Hai nm sau NEC a ra cc DSP 32 bit du phy ng u tin c tc tnh ton 6,6MIPS. Ni chung, cc tn hiu ca th gii thc (v d: m thanh, radar) c x l tt hn bng cc DSP du phy ng. Cc tn hiu c xy dng (v d nh: vin thng, nh v iu khin) ni chung c x l tt hn bng cc DSP du phy tnh . Trn th gii, xu th pht trin cc sn phm da trn DSP tng nhanh v: Chng cho php x l phc tp hn cc mng tng t. Chng cung cp tnh nng x l tn hiu lp i lp li. M ngun c th d dng c sa i v vic cp nht. Ni mt cch khc, thay i thit k ca n l mm do hn.

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Chng thng c cho gi thnh pht trin thp hn cc thit k tng t vi cc bc tnh nng tng ng.

`Mt h thng mun vn hnh cn phi thng qua s ch th t mt phn mm c lp trnh t trc. Phn mm bao gm mt tp cc ch dn, hay cn gi l cc lnh, bo cho h thng bit s lm cc cng vic g mt cch tun t v h thng cn thao tc th no mt khi c mt iu kin c d on trc xa ra.. Chng trnh ny c lu tr nh m my bn trong DSP. Hi: La chn no trong cc la chn di y l mt lnh nm trong chng trnh? a. ADD #214, 4 b. b. F9E7h c. c. 1011,1110 0001 0110 d. d. Tt c cc la chn trn A B C D

Xy dng mt chng trnh DSP m n thun t m my l khng kh thi. V l do ny, ngn ng assembler (hp ng) c pht trin vit chng trnh cho DSP. Trang 25

y l ngn ng lp trnh m cc ch th ca n dng gi nh l biu tng v thng tng ng mt - mt vi cc ch th my. B dch (assembler) v b lin kt (linker) c s dng dch chng trnh c vit bng hp ng thnh cc m my ca DSP. Assembler dch tp chng trnh thnh tp ch, cc tp ny sau c lin kt vi nhau (link) to ra tp m my vn hnh bn trong DSP. Hi: S la chn no trong cc cu lnh di y c vit bng hp ng? a. IF (i.NE.27) THEN (omega=2*sin(x)) b. 982Eh c. 1011 1110 0001 0110 d. DMOV *, AR1 A B C D

Ngn ng C l ngn ng bc cao c s dng ngy cng nhiu lp trnh cc DSP phc tp hoc thc thi cc thut ton c phc tp cao. Lp trnh bng C n gin ho thit k ca cc ng dng DSP v ngi lp trnh khng cn b gii hn bi tp ch th nh ca cc ngn ng bc thp (nh hp ng). B bin dch (compiler) C c s dng dch cc m ngun C thnh cc m hp ng DSP thch hp.

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Phn cui ca lp trnh bao gm vic kim tra li chng trnh v lm thay i cho n khi thc hin tt chc nng mong mun. Qu trnh cui cng trong chui cc qu trnh pht trin mt phn mm thng c gi l g ri (debugging). Chng trnh gip cho vic g ri phn mm c gi l b g ri (debugger). Mt b g ri cho php ngi lp chng trnh kh nng phn tch vn kt hp vi cc chng trnh DSP ca h. iu ny c thc hin trc khi g ri c s dng vi DSP m ta lm th nghim. C5x Visual Development Environment (C5x VDE) l b g ri c s dng vi DSP m chng ta lm th nghim.

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Nhng ngi pht trin h thng DSP him khi g ri mt DSP m khng s dng mt b g ri hay debugger. V vy, h thng s dng EVMs, emulators v simulators tr gip cho vic ny. B DSP c s dng vi b mch l mt b phn ca module TM320C5x DSK (Digital Signal Processing Kit). Khi s dng EVMs, emulators v simulators, ngi pht trin c th thay i trong qu trnh pht trin m hnh ca DSP dang c th nghim Mt khi hot ng c, th nghim cui cng ca chng trnh ny c ci t trn h thng DSP.

Cc chng trnh c bao gm v s dng trong Digital Signal Processor c vit bng hp ng. Hp ng c s dng nh mt c trng ca TM320C5x EVMs, n cng thm cc ch th trong n, v c gi l cc ch th DSK.

3.

Yu cu thit b
hon thnh c cc bi tp sau y, ta cn: FACET base unit. B mch DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR. Chng trnh C5x VDE. Cc tp chng trnh (dsk) v hp ng (asm) 1_1, Exl_2 My hin sng ng h o in a chc nng

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BI 4.
1.

LM QUEN VI B TH NGHIM LABVOLT DSP

Mc ch

Kt thc bi ny, sinh vin c lm quen vi v tr v chc nng ca mi linh kin khc nhau trong h thng DSP

2.

Tho lun

Bo mch c hai vng chc nng: vng cha cc ph kin ca bo mch v vng cha DSP v ngoi vi ca n. Vng cha cc ph kin ca bo mch bao gm: DOWER SUPPLY vi AUXILIARY POWER INPUT DC SOURCE. MICROPHONE PRE-AMPLIFIEF AUDIO AMPLIFIER Chc nng: Khi mch POWER SUPPLY cung cp mt ngun DC c chnh lu v lc cho ton b b mch. Bo mch c th c vn hnh theo hai cch khc nhau : hoc in p vo ca Power Supply c th c nhn t Lab-BoIl FACET base Unit hoc c th c nhn t cc kt ni 15V ngoi c tm thy trn khi AUXILIARY POWER INPUT. Khi DC SOURCE cung cp mt in p DC thay i v ph thuc vo v tr ca chit p, gia -3,5V de v + 3,5Vdc. Khi DC SOURCE c th c dng ngun ca mt tn hiu tham chin u vo cho chng trnh chy trn DSP. Khi MICROPIIONE PRE-AMPLIFIER c s dng iu chnh mt tn hiu micro thnh mt mc thch hp vi u vo ca DSP. Chit p GAIN thay i mc ra gia mt gi tr thp v mt gi tr cao. c th nghe thy tn hiu t ANALOG OUTPUT, c nh v trn khi CODEC, khi AUDIO AMPLIER c s dng.

Vng chc nng th hai ca b mch l DSP v cc ngoi vi ca n bao gm: DSP CODEC I/O INTERFACE INTERRUPTS AUXILIARY I/O SERIAL PORT. Trang 29

DSP c coi nh l tri tim ca h thng x l tn hiu s. Khi DSP cha mt vi mch DSP TM320C50 trong mt chp 132 chn dn trn b mt (surface mount). N c th t ti tc thc hin 50MIPS. C nhiu li DSP chng c th thay i v cc tc chu trnh. Tuy nhin, tc c gii hn bi cc rng buc ca h thng bn trong vi mch. DSP c th s dng mt b to dao ng bn trong thit lp ng h hoc cng c th s dng b to dao dng ngoi. DSP c dng trn b mch th nghim c t cu hnh s dng b to dao ng ngoi. Khi OSCILATOR c t trn b mch cung cp cho n mt tn hiu tham chin 40 MHz. DSP chia tn hiu ny to ra tn hiu bn trong 20Mhz (tn s tn hiu ch) m n s dng tnh ton thi gian cc chu trnh ch th ca n. Khi CODEC thng c cu thnh bi cc linh kin sau: mt u vo GAIN lp trnh c mt ANTI-ALISING FILTER (b lc chng trm ph) mt b bin i tng t - s mt b bin i s - tng t mt POST-GILER (b lc sau)

Khi I/O INTERFACE l mt phng tin hin th v np v thng tin chng trnh. Chuyn mch DIP8 c chc nng a 8 bit vo cu hnh DSP. Ph thuc vo chng trnh ang c s dng, thng tin c th c x l theo nhiu cch khc nhau. Cc b hin th LED 7 thanh c s dng a ra thng tin chng trnh cho ngi s dng DSP. Nh hu ht cc b vi x l, cc DSP u c kh nng iu khin ngt. Hai nt c th c s dng nh cc thit b vo ca ngi s dng cho mt chng trnh. Khi mt trong cc nt nhn c nhn th mt ngt c sinh ra bn trong DSP v m chng trnh kt hp vi n c thc hin. Vng AUXILARY I/0 c cng thm vo cho mc ch gim st tn hiu v v lm nguyn mu cho cc bi tp DSP thm vo c thc hin trn bo mch. Cc u ca khi AUXILARY I/O c th c s dng giao tip DSP vi mt mch ngoi. Mch ngoi ny c th c cp ngun bi u 10 chn t trn khi AUXILARY I/O. Vng AUXLIIARY I/O c ba cng: Cc im kt ni 5Vdc v 5Vdc c sn s dng trn u phi c 10 chn, chng c th c s dng cp ngun cho mt mch ngoi. Cc b cung cp ca bo mch c cng im t. u tri ca 8 chn LSB (c nh nhn t D0 n D7) ca bus d liu ca DSP ngoi, v bao gm 4 ng a ch c tin m ho (c nh nhn t PA0# n PA3#). u gia c cc phn vo/ra (I/O) bao gm:

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 chn d liu (DS#), chng trnh (PS#), khong vo/ra (IS#) u ra b nh thi chn u (RD#) v cho ghi (WE#) cho cc thit b ngoi chn c/ghi (R/W#) cho cc truy nhp ngoi. tn hiu bo cho bit nhn c ngt (IACK#) u vo ngt ngoi (INT4#) chn hng (DIR) v chn chp (CS#) iu khin vic truyn d liu ngoi. DSP trn bo mch c lp trnh thnh vai tr server i vi my tnh trong vai tr client. b DSP hot ng, bo mch SERIAL, PORT phi c ni vi mt trong cc cng ni tip ca my tnh ca bn. Ch : Nu my tnh ch khng c mt kt ni tip th hai th vo thi im thch hp trong tin trnh thc hin bi tp sinh vin c th tho kt ni tip ca Base Unit v dng n ni bo mch SERIAL PORT vi my tnh C5x VDE (C5x Visual Davelopment Environment) qun l vic bt tay gia bo mch v my tnh. N iu khin tt c cc u vo v u ra t b nh ca DSP cng ni tip. Mt khi kt ni lin lc gia my tnh ca bn v bo DSp c thit lp, C5x VDE c th c s dng np mt chng trnh vo DSP.

3.

Tin trnh th nghim

Gii thiu bo mch: Trong phn ny, bn s lm quen vi m t s cc linh kin v khi mch trn b mch DIGIAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR. 1. nh v trn bo mch DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR tt c cc thit b u cui chung. Dng mt in tr k kim tra cc thit b u cui c ni vi nhau hay cha. 2. Bt ngun cung cp cho b mch DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR. 3. Dng mt volt k kim tra in p mt chiu bng cch thay i chit p ca DC SOURCE t gi tr nh nht cho ti gi tr ln nht ca n. o in p DC ti u ra ca DC source Hi: in p DC nh nht (VDC min) v in p DC ln nht (VDC max) a ra t DC source? VDC min VDC max A = = B V V C D

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4. Thc hin cc kt ni vi DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR Ch : Nu cht lng audio t loa khng tt, c th dng tai nghe km theo bo mch. Ni tai nghe vo u cm tai nghe c t trn khi mch AUDIO AMPLIFIER. 5. Ni vo micro, xem xt s thay i ca m thanh pht ra trong khi cng thc hin thay i chit p ca MICROPHONE PRE-AMPLIFIER v ca AUDIO AMPLIFIER 6. Tho ton b cc kt ni hin c trn b mch. Lm quen vi b mch dng mt chng trnh DSP: Trong mc ny, C5x VDE s c dng np v chy mt chng trnh bn trong DSP Ch : Trc khi s dng C5x VDE, hy chc chn rng ngun ca b mch c bt v kt ni ni tip l hin c gia my tnh v khi mch DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR c nh nhn SERIAL PORT. 7. M chng trnh C5x VDE: 8. Dng lnh Load Program trong menu File np chng trnh ex1_1.dsk vo DSP. Hi: Hai ca s no ang c m trong C5x VDE? a. C5x Registers v Peripheral Registers. b. Dis-Assembly v Periphearal Registers. c. C5x Registers v Dis-Assembly. d. Peripheral Registers v File Selection A B C D

9. Kt ni bo mch nh hnh v . iu ny cho php chng trnh ex1_1.dsk vn hnh ng n.

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Ch : Dng tai nghe nu cn thit. 10. Thc hin ln RUN trn thanh cng c ca C5x VDE. 11. Quan st nhng g c ra c hin th bn trong khi mch I/O INTERFACE. iu chnh chuyn mch DIP (tt c cc bit u v tr 0) sao cho hin th c c l 0000. 12. Nhn nt th nht INT# trn bo mch INTERRUPTS chuyn ti DSP cc gi tr c nhp vo thng qua chuyn mch DIP. 13. Dng micro, cho mt tn hiu (ging ni) vo DSP Ch : iu chnh cc chit p GAIN ca MICROPHONE PRE-AMPLIFIER v ca AUDIO AMPLIFIER ci thin m thanh u ra. 14. Lu rng trong khi ang ni vo micro, cc chm trn mn hnh ca khi mch I/O INTERFACE bt sng. 15. iu chnh chuyn mch DIP sao cho mn hnh I/O INTERFACE c c l 0015. 16. Truyn gi tr ca chuyn mch DIP vo DSP bng cch nhn nt nhn INT#. 17. Quan st kt qu ca s thay i ca x l tn hiu trong m thanh ca ging ni. 18. Lp li cc bc t 15 n 17 cho mi mt gi tr c hin th trn I/O INTERFACE sau y: 0031, 0063, 0127, 0255 Nh nhn nt INT # sau khi t chuyn mch DIP ti mt gi tr mi. Hi: S la chn no sau y l m t ng n nht v chng trnh ex1_1.dsk c np vo DSP? a. y l mt b ghi ting ni b. y l h iu hnh Base Unit c. y l mt my pht chc nng d. y l mt my pht ting vng. A B C D

Hi: Con s c hin th trn I/O INTERFACE t l vi ci g? a. Thi gian tr (theo ms) gia cc ting vng lin tip b. S cc ting vng c to ra c. Thi gian cn dng (theo ms) sinh ra cc ting vng cho mt m thanh d. S cc mu phi ly trn tn hiu ra trong mt giy A B C D Trang 33

19. Thc hin lnh Halt trn thanh cng c ca C5x VDE. ng C5x VDE.

4.

Kt lun
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR c hai vng: vng cc ph kin ca bo mch v vng DSP vi cc ngoi vi.

Bo mch c chia thnh cc khi mch ring r. Trc khi mt chng trnh DSP c th c np hoc s dng, ngun cung cp ca DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR phi c bt ln v kt ni ni tip gia khi mch SERIAL PORT v my tnh phi c thc hin Cc khi mch CODEC, I/O INTERFACE, INTERRUPT v AUXILIARY I/O c th ch c p dng bi ngi s dng nu chng trnh np vo DSP i hi vic s dng chng.

5.

Cu hi n tp

Di y l cc cu hi cho Bi 4. Sinh vin c k cu hi, sau tch vo tng ng vi cu tr li c cho l ng nht: Cu 1: Trc khi bo mch DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR sn sng s dng, c mt s bc bt buc cn phi theo. Mnh no sau y l bc cn thit phi thc hin trc khi s dng bo mch ? a. Chc chn rng cc chuyn mch ca I/O INTERFACE u v tr 0 b. Chc chn rng kt ni ni tip l hin c gia my tnh ch v khi mch DIGITAL, SIGNAL PROCESSOR c nh nhn SERIAL PORT. c. Chc chn rng ngun cung cp ca bo mch c bt d. Cc mnh b v c. A B C D

Cu 2: Khong in p DC m chit p cho ngun DC iu chnh c l bao nhiu? a. -3,3V n +3,6V b. -3,0V n + 3,0V c. -3,5V n + 3,5V d. Khng c mnh no trong cc mnh trn l ng. A B C D

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Cu 3: Chn no trong s cc chn sau y c t trn u gia ca bo mch AUXILIARY I/O ? a. 4 ng a ch tin m ho (c nh nhn t PA0# n PA3#) b. TOUT, IACK #, INT4#, v RD# c. DS#, D0, D1, v D2 d. CS#, INT4#, DS#, v PA1# A B C D

Cu 4: DSP TMS320C50 trn bo mch DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR s dng ng h h thng c tn s l bao nhiu (nhc li rng y l ng h t tc tnh ton cho DSP)? a. DSP dng b to dao ng bn trong 20MHZ b. DSP dng b to dao ng bn ngoi 40MHZ c. Thng qua kt ni ni tip, DSP dng b to dao ng bn trong 33.3MHz CODEC d. Thng qua kt ni bo mch SERIAL PORT, DSP dng b dao ng trong ca my tnh ch. A B C D

Cu 5: Linh kin no trong cc linh kin sau y thng c tm thy trong CODEC a. Mt b lc chng trm ph b. Mt b bin i tng t - s c. Mt b bin i s - tng t d. Tt c cc b ni trn. A B C D

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