I Thut ton kha i xng 1.

nh ngha Cc thut ton kha i xng l mt lp cc thut ton mt m ha s dng cng kha cho m ha bn r v gii m bn m.Cc kha c th ging ht nhau hoc c th c mt s bin i n gin gia cc kha.Trn thc t,cc kha i din cho mt b mt c chia s gia 2 bn hoc nhiu bn v n c dng duy tr mt lin kt thng tin ring.iu ny yu cu tt c cc bn u phi c quyn truy cp vo kha b mt . 2.Cc loi thut ton kha i xng
Thut ton i xng c th c chia ra lm hai th loi, mt m lung (stream ciphers) v mt m khi (block ciphers). -Mt m lung m ha tng bit ca thng ip trong khi -Mt m khi gp mt s bit li v m ha chng nh mt n v. C khi c dng thng l cc khi 64 bit Cc thut ton i xng thng khng c s dng c lp. Trong thit k ca cc h thng mt m hin i,thut ton bt i xng (asymmetric) (dng cha kha cng khai) v thut ton i xng c s dng phi hp tn dng cc u im ca c hai. Nhng h thng s dng c hai thut ton bao gm SSL(Secure Socket Layer), PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) v GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) Cc thut ton i xng ni ting nh Twofish,AES,Blowfish,CAST5,RC4,Triple DES v IDEA 3.u im -n gin:Loi m ha ny rt d thc hin.Tt c nhng iu ngi dng phi lm l xc nh v chia s kha b mt sau m ha v gii m thng ip -Nhanh:Cc thut ton i xng i hi cng sut tnh ton t hn cc thut ton kha bt i xng . Trn thc t, mt thut ton kha bt i xng c khi lng tnh ton nhiu hn gp hng trm, hng ngn ln mt thut ton kha i xng c cht lng tng ng.. -S dng t ngun ti nguyn ca my:M ha kha i xng khng yu cu nhiu ti nguyn my nh m ha kha cng khai 4.Nhc im -Cn knh an ton trao i kha:Chia s kha b mt l mt vn trong m ha kha i xng -Cn qu nhiu kha:Mi ngi mi s cn 1 kha mi v l 1 vn trong qun l v bo an tt c kha. -Khng h tr tnh xc thc v chng thoi thc . Tt c mi thnh vin trong vng giao tip u c kha ging nhau, thut ton m ha ging nhau nn khng th xc nh c chnh xc ngi gi thng ip.