Chng 3 Cc h thng RP thng dng

Chng ny trnh by cc h thng RP c bn ph bin trn th trng v cc c trng k thut ca chng. Hin ti, c th phn loi cc ng dng ca cc cng ngh to mu nhanh thnh 4 lnh vc, l : 1. To m hnh tng 2. To m hnh chc nng 3. To khun c nhanh gin tip t cc m hnh RP 4. To khun c nhanh trc tip Mi mt loi thit b c th c ng dng trong cc cng ngh to mu nhanh khc nhau ty theo ngi s dng. 3.1. Thit b ca 3D Systems 3.1.1 Thit b 3D thermalJet Phng php to m hnh bng a u phun (MJM) c pht trin bi cc h thng 3D nm 1995. Ban u, my MJM c bn l Actua 2100 nhng t nm 1998 n c bit n nh mt my in 3D ThermoJet. My in 3D ThermoJet ny c th hin trn H.2.1. v cc tnh nng k thut ca n c th hin trn Bng .2.
phn gii Kch thc m hnh ti a Vt liu 300DPI 250 x 190 x 200mm ThermoJetTM 88 v cht do nhit TJ2000

Mu ca vt liu Trng lng vt liu Giao din

Xm, en 2.3kg hp Ethernet 10/100 Base-TX, Cp RJ-45, giao thc TCP/IP

Chn nn

Cc th Silicon IRIX v6.5.2 Hewlett Packard HP UX v10.2 ACE Sun Microsystems Solaris v2.60 IBM RS 6000 AIX v4.3.2 Windows NT v4.0

Ngun nng lng Kch thc bung gia cng Trng lng my

230VAC, 50/60 Hz, 6.3 Anus 1370 x 760 x 1120mm 375kg

Bng 3.1. Cc tnh nng k thut ca my in ThermoJet T kiu xy dng da trn ng qut MJM, cc m hnh phc tp c th c xy dng nhanh chng nh cc m hnh n gin c cc kch thc tng th ging nhau. Kch thc m hnh l yu t xc nh thi gian xy dng chi tit.

H3.1 My in 3D thermo Jet

H3.2 Sn phm ca my in 3D thermo Jet

u im khc ca my in ThermoJet l n c trang b h thng ng cun d dng ti vt liu polyme nhit. 3.1.3. Thit b in ni SLA Cc h thng 3D p dng cng ngh SL to ra cc vt liu thc trc tip t cc d liu CAD. Hin ti, c 4 h thng SLA khc nhau. Nh nht l SLA 250 s dng laze helium cadmium c bc sng 325m. Tt c cc my SLA khc ca cng ty ny s dng laze Nd: YVO4 bc sng 354,7nm. Hin nay, h thng ph bin nht cho RP v to cng c l SLA 7000.

Cc h thng SLA

SLA to ra cc chi tit rn hoc mt phn cc chi tit rn SL bng acrylic hoc cc nha epoxy theo mt hoc mt vi kiu xy dng, ba kiu ph bin nht l ACESTM , STARWEAVETM v QuickCastTM. Cc chi tit rng hon ton thng khng c xy dng v yu trong trng thi xy dng d bin dng. Cc thng s ca cc h thng SLA khc nhau c cho trong bng di y.

SLA250/50HR
Loi tia Laze, bc sng, ngun nng lng Chiu dy lp (mm) ng knh chm tia (mm) Tc v Dung sai v kh nng lp li (mm) Trng lng chi tit ti a, kg Dung tch b cha, L Kch thc xy dng ti a H thng iu hnh Kch thc h thng, m Trng lng h thng kg

SLA3500
Nd: YVO4 trng thi rn, 357,4nm, 160 mW 0,05 0,1 0,20 0,30 2,54 m/s 0,00177 0,005 56,8 99,3 350 x 350 x 400 Windows NT 0,95 x 1,02 x 2,00 v 0,85 x 1,02 x 1,03 1100

SLA 5000
Nd: YVO4 trng thi rn, tn s lp, 357,4nm, 216 mW 0,05 0,1 0,20 0,30 Ti 5,0m/s 0,00177 0,005 68,04 253,6 508 x 508 x 584 Windows NT 1,88 x 1,19 x 2,02 1363

SLA 7000
Nd: YVO4 trng thi rn, tn s lp, 357,4nm, 800 mW 0,05 0,1 0,23 0,28 n 0,685-0,838 2,54 -9,52m/s 0,001 0,001 68,04 253,6 508 x 508 x 600 Windows NT 1,88 x 1,22 x 2,03 & 1,12 x 1,22 x 1,02 1455

0,0625 0,1 0,06 0,08 635 mm/s 0,0025 9,1 32,2 250 x 250 x 250 MS - Dos 1,24x0,69x1,64 461

Cc tnh nng k thut ca cc h thng SLA Khi s dng ACESTM, phn bn trong ca chi tit hu ht c x l bng laze. iu ny t c nh p dng khong cch gch tng ng vi mt na chiu rng ng. Khong trng ny c chn sao cho tt c nha ho rn tip nhn s chiu sng lu tch ging nhau v do cc b mt i din pha di l phng. Kiu ny c th ch c dng vi cc nha epoxy khng co ngt nhiu khi polime ho nu cc ng ni gy ra cong trong mu. N c chnh xc cao nht trong ba kiu xy dng cho nha bin dng thp v c s dng khi lm cc chi tit chnh xc cao mc d c mt cht nhc im l thi gian v lu nht trong s ba kiu. STARWEAVETM to ra bn vng cho chi tit rn nh ng gch phn bn trong c dy li to c di chuyn bng mt na khong cch gch cho tng lp, cc li to c v sao cho cc u khng tip xc vi ng bin chi tit gim bin dng tng th. Ngoi ra, bin dng thp,

cc ng li khng c chm vo nhau. Tuy nhin, chng nm cng gn nhau cng tt nng cao bn ca chi tit ch to. Kiu xy dng ny nn c p dng cho nha acrylic nha ny co ngt khi polime ho. i lc ACESTM u tin s dng cc QuickCastTM thng c s dng khi mu dng lm mu hnh cho c bng mu chy khi n to ra cc chi tit hu nh rng. ng bin ca lp c v trc khi bn trong c gch. Hoc vung (QuickCastTM version 1.1) hoc tam gic u (QuikCastTM version 1.0) c s dng in vo chi tit v chng c di chuyn sau khong cch xy dng thng ng to thun li thot nha. Cc tam gic c dch chuyn sao cho cc nh ca mt tam gic nm trn trng tm ca tam gic trc. 3.1.3. Thit b thiu kt c la chn bng laze SLS

Thit b SLS Sinterstation HiQ ca 3D systems gia cng vt liu bt Thermoplastics, Thermoplastic Elastomers, kim loi v Composites. Tuy nhin dng thit b SLS khng thng dng trn th trng. Thit b ny c h thng kim sot nhit v c th dng cc loi vt liu DuraForm PA, DuraForm GF v LaserForm A6. Cng sut laze CO2 t 20 - 100w 3.2.Sanders ModelMaker II (Cng ngh to m hnh bng in phun) Phng php to m hnh bng in phun c pht trin bi cng ty Sanders Prototype Inc (SPI) nm 1994. Cng ngh ny kt hp cng ngh in phun do nhit c quyn bng cch phay c chnh xc cao xy dng cc m hnh hoc cc mu hnh c chnh xc kch thc 13 m trn 229 mm theo trc Z v ti 0,025mm trn 76mm theo mt phng X-Y [Sanders, H thng Sinterstation HiQ

2000]. H thng sau cng c pht trin bi SPI c gi l Pattern Master. V phm vi t c chnh xc, h thng ny l siu hng so vi cc my to m hnh t tng khc. Cc h thng PatternMaster s dng vt liu do nhit c quyn gi l PotoBuildTM. Vt liu ny tng hp vi c bng mu chy v cc qu trnh to khun c khc [Sanders, 2000]. i vi vic xy dng cc cu trc , cc h thng cng s dng vt liu sp c quyn ca SPI, ProtoSupportTM, c thit k loi b bng dung mi m khng gy hi cho m hnh. Cc tnh nng k thut trnh by trn bng 3.2. Kch thc xy dng Chiu dy lp Kch thc c im ti thiu chnh xc kch thc nhm b mt Chiu dy thnh Kch thc ht rt Tc gi mang my in Vt in nh dng h tr B iu khin h thng 304,8 x 152,4 x 228,6mm 0,013 0,13mm 0,25mm 0,025mm trn 25mm theo truc X, Y v Z 32 63 micrro inches RMS 1mm 0,076mm 500mm/giy 889 mm (rng) x 660mm (su) STl, SLC, DXF, OBJ, HPP (HPGL) IBM compatible PC runing Micosoft Window 95 or NT Ngun in 115V 60Hz hoc 230V 50HzAc

Bng 3.2. Cc tnh nng k thut ca h thng PatternMaster [Sanders, 2 (100]

Cng ngh RP ny l tng xy dng cc m hnh nh vi cc c im phc tp, v d, trong sn xut kim hon cn tinh xo rt cao. ng dng quan trng khc cho cng ngh l ch to cc b phn khun c bng mu chy cho cc ng dng v tr, in t v y hc. 3.3. My in ca tp on Z Corp (In ba chiu 3DP)
Cng ngh to mu nhanh c bt u t vic to nn m hnh sn phm ri sau c nh dng STL v chuyn sang h thng to mu nhanh ch to ra sn phm. Vic tm mt h thng ph hp ch to ra sn phm l mt yu cu quan trng v sn phm ch to ra va phi m bo cht lng va phi c gi thnh r. Vi iu kin Vit nam ta th gi thnh ca thit b cng cc k quan trng. H thng ZPrinter c th p ng c yu cu . N c th to ra nhng m hnh vt l trc tip t d liu s trong vi gi, h thng hot ng nhanh, linh hot v n gin, cho php to ra nhiu loi m hnh trong thit k ban u v cc chi tit hot ng th nhanh v r.

a)

b)

c)

Hnh 3.4 My in Zprinter : a) Z 310; b) Z406; c) Z810

H thng ny gn nh nn l tng cho mi trng lm vic vn phng hoc trong cc nh trng. Ngoi ra, tnh linh hot ca thit b cho php ngi dng to ra cc

chi tit hoc to ra mu cho qu trnh c mt cch nhanh chng. iu ny gip vic nh gi v kim tra kt qu thit k khi nim nhanh chng. Thng s c bn ca cc h thng ZPrinter Tc xy dng M hnh mu : 2 lp/pht M hnh n mu : 6 lp/pht Kch thc xy dng Chiu dy lp 203 x 254 x 203 mm 203 x 254 x 203mm 500 x 600 x 400 mm

0.003-0.010 (0.076-0.254 mm)

0.076 0.256mm

0.076-0.254 mm

Mu sc Kch thc thit b Trng lng

n sc 74x81x109 113 kg

Mu hoc n sc 102 x 79 x 112cm

Mu hoc n sc 241 x 114 x 193 cm

210kg

565 kg

Hnh 3.5 Mt s sn phm do my ZPrinter ch to

Vt liu cung cp cho thit b My ZPrinter c ba h thng vt liu c bn. Bt cha dng ht c th ti ch c, iu ny gip h gi thnh ch to chi tit. Gi thnh vt liu t $1 - $2 cho mt in3 (2,54 cm3).

Vt liu trn nn keo: S dng cho nhng sn phm c yu cu v bn cao; C kh nng ch to mu phc tp hoc c thnh mng; Th hin chnh xc cc chi tit thit k; In mu. Vt liu nn composit dng trong cc ng dng: Ch to cc chi tit c thnh mng, kn; Ch to cc chi tit t ng kht; Cc ng dng lp ghp. Vt cht trn nn bt dng cho cc ng dng: Ch to chi tit vi tc cao; Ch to cc chi tit ln; Ch to mu cho c trong khun mu chy. Mt s thng s v cc loi vt liu Bt trn nn Thnh phn B dy lp Kh nng s dng li bt cha in Cc chi tit c ch to bi vt liu nu trn c th: Kim tra v nh gi trc tip t my; Lin kt bng cht do v sp bn cao tng bn c hc, bn v kh nng chu nhit; Lin kt bng epoxy to ra kh nng n hi ca cao su; nh bng v sn t c cht lng b mt yu cu; M in. Bt nn bt Bt / xen-lu-l 0.007 inch C Bt nn va (thch cao) Bt nn composit Thch cao (va) 0.004 inch C keo 0.005 inch C

Nhng la chn v cht kt dnh Nhng chi tit ch to trn my Printer 310 c th c in y bng cc loi sp v nha bn cao : Tng bn c hc; Nng cao kh nng chu nhit; Tng bn ca vt liu; Cc sn phm v ng dng Sn phm Tnh nng Phng php ng dng Cc sn phm chc nng Z - Max Epoxy bn cao, kh nng Phun, qut, nh Thch cao: 3 - 7 chu nhit tt v chu git c m, c th gia cng c Synair Por-A-Mold Elastomeric Urethane Z-Snap Epoxy bn cao, dai & v Qut, nh git n hi, chu va p tt Dai, cht lng b mt Phun, qut, nh Vi composit: c tt v n hi, c tnh git cht ca cht do Cc sn phm m hnh Z Corp. zr10 bn trung bnh, Nh git mt thnh phn, cho php trn mu Cyberbond Apollo bn trung bnh, Phun, qut, nh mt thnh phn, cho git php trn mu Paraplast Low Melt bn thp, Nng cao ZW4 Wax cht lng b mt, cho Bnh nh git C th xm nhp n ton b vt th 5005 Cyanoacrylate Bt: 2-3 Cyanoacrylate th ti 20 Bt : 6 - 10 Bt: 7 - 12 Chiu su thm nhp (mm) tng ng vi loi bt gc

php trn mu

Phn mm ZPrint Phn mm ZPrint chy trn nn Windows, n cho php ngi dng thao tc trn file d liu in trn tt c cc loi my in 3 chiu ca hng ZCorp. Yu cu v h thng my tnh Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 Professional hoc h iu hnh Windows XP Professional My tnh c nhn s dng chip Pentium III 850 MHz, AMD Athlon hoc cao hn 512 MB RAM hoc ln hn H thng ha mu thc (True Color Graphics) Mn hnh phn gii 1024x768 im hoc cao hn Card ha h tr cho OpenGL cng cn trng ti thiu 1 GB sau khi ti cc ng dng cn thit cng vi khong trng cho file d liu Cng Eternet (10 / 100 C s T) Phn mm ZPrint l mt cng c mnh n c nhiu chc nng nh thu, phng theo t l, t mu, gn nhn v chun b cc file CAD cho vic ch to mt cch ti u trn my in 3 chiu... Nhng c tnh chnh bao gm Phm vi nh dng vo/ra rng Xut d liu kiu PLY: Cho php xut file cho s thao tc d liu nng cao Giao din 3 chiu trong vng thit k - Nng cao tnh trc quan khi thit lp chi tit Chc nng gn nhn: Cho php nhng ngi s dng gn chi tit vi ngy thng, ghi ch hoc s liu kim tra chi tit

 Chc nng s l m hnh khi rn: To ra m hnh khi rn t d liu GIS trong nh dng VRML M nhiu file: Cung cp kh nng lin kt v in nhiu chi tit ng thi tng hiu qu C kh nng di chuyn, thay i t l v quay chi tit c tnh thi gian in: Ti u ha hiu qu my in chnh xc ca phng php ny tu thuc vo kch thc ca cc ht bt, chnh xc v tr ca vi phun v cch thc khuch tn cht lin kt qua bt do tc dng mao dn. Chiu dy lp chu nh hng bi nn bt do trng lng ca cc lp sau. nn ny hu nh c th nhn thy phn gia ca chi tit. V c bn, khng c khong trng co gn bt. nh chi tit, (ni c mt s lp p cht li. Tuy nhin, tc dng ny s nh bt khi s dng bt nhi mt dy hn. Cc chi tit khng cn ni cc c im treo. Tuy nhin chng cn c l c th loi v bt tha. Cc nhc im ca cng ngh ny l cc chi tit cui c th b gy v xp, v n c th kh loi b bt khng lin kt t cc khoang rng. Nhc im tip theo l cc lp c ng qut bi u in dn ti tc dng bc theo mt phng X Y cng nh hng dn xy dng [Soligen, 1996].

3.4. Cc dng my ca Stratasys 3.4.1 My in Strasys Genisys Xs 3D (cng ngh 3DP) Phng php c pht trin bi IBM v ging nh phng php m hng lng ng bng vt liu nng chy Vo 1/1995, Stratasys bn cng ngh RP ny t IBM v t pht trin My to m hnh t tng gi l My in Genisys 3D ch yu s dng cho cc vn phng thit k. Kch thc xy dng Tc Hot ng 254 x 254 x 406mm 101mm/giy (4in/giy) Hot ng t ng, c th xy dng nhiu chi tit cng mt lc

Vt liu chnh xc Chiu dy lp

ABS, ABSi, Sp tan chy, th n hi 0,127mm 0,250 0,965mm 0,178 0,356mm (tu thuc ch )

Kch thc v trng lng Ngun in

914 (w) x 816 (d) x 737 (ht)mm, 95kg 220 240 VAC, 50/60Hz, 6A 110 120 VAC, 60Hz, 12A

H iu hnh

Windows NT, Windows 200, Windows XPW

Hnh 3.6 Cc thit b ca Stratasys 3.4.2 Dng my FDM Phng php FDM c pht trin bi cng ty Stratasys, hin to ra hn 1000 h thng. Sn phm u tin, 313 MODELER, c cng ty gii thiu nm 1992.

Hnh 3.7 Mt s sn phm ca cc dng my ca Stratasys

Nhm sn phm hin ti ca Stratasys FDM bao gm cc h thng RP sau: FDM 2000, FDM 3000, FDM 8000 v FDM Quantum. Tt c cc h thng FDM u bao gm hai vi phun, mt cho vt liu chi tit v mt cho vt liu . Cc chn cn c th c to ra theo phng nm ngang tit kim vt liu v thi gian xy dng. H thng ph bin nht, FDM 2000, xy dng cc mu chc nng hoc cc mu c c kch thc 254 x 254 x 254mm. Gi thnh h thng khong $87.000 v c chnh xc l 127m. My in FDM 3000 xy dng cc m hnh bng cch n ht hn hp polyeste qua bm c iu khin bi my tnh. Vt liu c ti dng bng. Mi bng gi 50 kem xp hnh ch nht. C cu ghim cp kem xp di p lc, rnh lm nng cp vt liu ti bm vt liu nht [Slratasys, 2000]. m bo chnh xc, vt liu c n qua l c ng knh 0,250mm. Cc chi tit c xy trn nn c iu khin nhit nm trn bn. Khi mi lp c n, n lin kt vi lp trc v ho rn. u bm, bn v khung dch chuyn theo trc X, Y v Z mt cch tng ng. Khung c s dng nh v li vi phun in theo hng trc Z xy dng cc lp sau . Cc chn cho cc m hnh c xy ng t cng vt liu polyester. H thng FDM 3000 kt hp phng php loi b chn mi s dng vt liu to m hnh ABS gi l WaterWorks. Vi WatcrWorks, n hon thin m hnh c cc chn v cho m hnh sch vi cc b mt nhn. Gi ca h thng FDM 3000 khong $125,000 135,000 tu thuc vo cc la chn. H thng Quantum FDM kt hp cng ngh MagnaDrive. Cng ngh ny s dng h thng iu khin chuyn ng in t X Y kt hp ng c trc kp. Vic kt hp cc cng ngh ny to ra s iu khin chuyn ng hai trc chnh xc v c th lp li trong mt mt phng m khng cn khung [Stratasys, 2000]. Kt cu mi ny loi tr c cc chi tit ca h thng khung s dng thng thng,

nh cp, ai v puli nh n gin ho c cu v tng n nh. Cng ngh MagnaDrive cho php phi hp cc chuyn ng nh to ng bao hoc ni suy ng trn, c th nhn thy l chnh xc cao. C mt s vt liu to m hnh bng bng nha do cho cc h thng FDM. Hin ti, cc vt liu c bn sn l ABS, mc va p ca ABS cao, c bng mu chy sp v cht n hi. Phng php FDM s dng h thng si trn ng v do tt c cc vt liu c to ra trn li qun. u im ca h thng FDM l vt liu r, khng c, khng c mi v an ton vi mi trng. Nhm vt liu sn c c nu trn. Cc chi tit c to ra bng phng php ny c bn vng cao do chng khng ht m. Nhc im l s hon thin b mt ca cc chi tit l km hn so vi s dng SL. iu ny l bi v chnh xc ca phng php ny thp khi chu nh hng ca chiu dy si. N khng dng c vt liu mt cch nhanh chng to ra cc l nh trong cc mt ct ngang. 3.4. Cc h thng ho rn ton b lp (Cubital Ltd). Cc h thng RP theo phng php SGC c pht trin bi Cubital Ltd. Cubital c thnh lp nm 1987 nh mt n v R&D bn trong Scitex Corporation Ltd v h thng SGC th nht c lp nm 1991. Cng ty sn xut hai loi h thng da trn cng ngh to m hnh SGC, Solider 4600 mt my RP trung bnh v Solider 5600 cho ngi s dng yu cu cng sut ln.

Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng Cubital

u im ca Cc h thng SGC l ton b lp ho rn cng mt lp, gim thi gian to chi tit. Ton b nha trong lp c x l hon ton bng phng php ny, nn cc chi tit c th bn hn cc mu to bng cch qut v khng yu cu hu x l. Cc chn l cn thit bi v sp c s dng in cc khe h nha v cng chi tit [Cubital, 2000]. Cc nhc im ca SGC l my m v ln v cn c vn hnh lin tc. My lng ph mt lng ln sp do sp s dng khng th ti s dng sau khi c loi ra bng nc nng hoc b axit citric. Cc h thng SGC cn d v. Cc m hnh nha c to ra bng cch s dng SGC l rn v khng thch hp cho c bng mu tan chy. iu ny l bi v h s gin n nhit c cng ln hn cng ca h thng gm nn cc khun c gm s b b khi chi tit nung chy b t nng.

SGC 4600 Dung tch lm vic Gii hn lp Sai s X Y Chiu dy lp Kch thc ti thiu Tc to li Tc xy dng lp H thng iu hnh Gi 350x350x350mm 0,15mm 0,084mm 0,15mm 0,4mm 164cm3/gi 120 giy/lp Trm Unix $275.000

SGC 5600 500x350 x500mm 0,15mm 0,084mm 0,1 x 0,2mm 0,4mm 426cm2/gi 70 giy/lp Trm Unix $470.000

3.5. Cc h thng thiu kt bng laze chn lc SLS (DTM Corp v EOS GmbH).
Phng php SLS pht trin v c sng ch ban u University of Texas ti Austin. thng mi ho phng php SLS, DTM Corporation c thnh

H thng DTM Sinterstation

lp Austin, Texas. DTM hin l ch ca 79 patent trn ton th gii bao ph cc kha cnh khc nhau ca phng php SLS, cc h thng v vt liu. H thng SLS mi nht bi DTM l Sinterstation 2500 Plus (H.) vi kch thc khoang xy dng rng 381mm, di 330mm v cao 457mm. Mt nhm ln cc vt liu sn c cho phng php ny v mi cht c bn c th c tn thnh bt mn c th c s dng. Cc vt liu dng trong h thng l nylon, hp cht nylon, polystyren v polycarbonate c s dng. Chng r hn nha dng cho SL, khng c, v an ton v c th c thiu kt bng laze nng lng kh thp (10-20W). Bt kim loi v ct, ph bng lp cht lin kt thch hp, cn c th c thiu kt cho sn xut cc chi tit ca khun mu trc tip bng kim loi v li ct v khoang cha. Phng php SLS c th dng ch to khun c nhanh.

Cc thng s c bn ca my Sinterstation 2500 Plus Kch thc khoang xy dng Laze 381 x 330 x 457mm 50 or 100 Watt Co, Beam Diameter = 0.420mm). H thng chiu chm tia M3ST Galvanometers, 3 trc Tc qut = 5.000mm/giy chnh xc v tr = 50mm Phn mm Windows NT OS Phn mm H thng DTM

Sinterstation Vt liu NV, Phn mm Magics RP H thng my tnh Kch thc h thng CPU Pentium Trm x l =2133Wx1346D x

1981Hmm

Khoang my tnh = 609W x 609D x 1828Hmm My lm mt = 533W x 838D x 914Hmm Ngun nng lng Nit 240 VAC, 12,5KVA, 50/60Hz, ba pha Sch = 99,9% p sut ti thiu = 1,7 ba Tc dng lu thng = 19Ipm Yu cu mi trng Phm vi nhit = 15 270C m tng i = <60% Hin nay, hai vt liu da trn nylon c bn sn trn th trng cho phng php SLS (DuraForm Polyamide and DuraForm Glass filled). Thng thng, cc vt liu da trn nylon c s dng cho sn xut cc mu th nghim hoc cc chi tit c cc c tnh lm vic nh mc, ny sp hoc kp. Cc mu DuraForm c th hon thin kh d dng c cht lng b mt tt [DTM, 2006]. Vic ch to cc chi tit c s lng nh bng Nylon c chi ph thp. c tnh ca cc vt liu nylon
c tnh chung
Trng lng ring, 200C Hp thu m, 230C Mt Bt Kch thc ht trung bnh Phm vi kch thc ht, 90% c tnh nhit im nng chy, Tm
0

n v

Phng php kim tra ASTM

D792

DuraForm Polyamid
0,97 0,41 0,59 58 25-92

DuraForm in thu tinh

1,40 0,30 0,84 48 10 96

% (g/cm3) Ftm m

D570 D4164 Nhiu Laze Nhiu Laze

DSC

184

185

DTUL, 0,45Mpa DTUL, 1,82Mpa c tnh c Tensile Strength at Yield Tensile Modulus Tensile Elongation atBreak Mun n hi bn va p Rnh ct Khng rnh ct

Oc C

D648 D648

177 86

175 110

Mpa Mpa / Mpa

D628 D628 D628 D790

44 1,600 9 1.285

39,1 5,910 2 3.300

J/m J/m

D256 D256

214 428

96 101

Nhm cc vt liu SLS khc c s dng to ra cc mu hnh c. Hin ti, hai vt liu, TrueForm v CastForm, c s dng xy dng cc mu hnh. TrueForm, bt da trn acrylic, c thc hin nhit kh thp so vi nylon c co ngt 0,6% v c dng lm cc chi tit c chnh xc cao nhng c bn trung bnh. Mt ca cc chi tit TrueForm c th t 70 n 90% tu thuc vo cc tham s xy dng v chng c th c nh bng hon thin nh gng. CastForm l loi bt da trn polystyren c gii thiu bi DTM nm 1999. Vt liu mi ny em li cc u im ng k so vi TrueForm khi s dng to ra cc mu hnh cho c bng mu chy. C th, n c c im l hm lng tro thp v ph hp vi cc yu cu c tiu chun. CastForm to ra cc mu hnh mt thp, xp nn d thm sau bng sp to tro thp nhn c cc mu hnh cha 45% polystyren v 55% sp. Cc vt liu SLS r hn vt liu c s dng cho SL, khng c v an ton v c th c thiu kt vi laze nng lng kh thp. Tuy nhin, cc chi tit nylon cn chu k lm lnh di trong my trc khi c tho ra. V d, cc chi tit bng hn hp nylon cn 6-8gi lm mt. Cc vt liu s dng

cho h thng nhy vi cc tham s nhit v laze v mi vt liu cn c t khc nhau. iu ny c th kh v tn thi gian cho vic thit lp. Nhc im ca phng php SLS l bt ti sinh cn phi c m bo rng khng c cc bt. H thng cn i hi mi trng Nit thiu kt cc vt liu trong . 3.3.6. Cng ngh to hnh bng cc lp mng (Sn phm ca cng ty Kira) Phng php PLT c pht trin bi KIPA Corporation. Cng ty to ra cc my RP t 1994. Phng php PLT s dng dao iu khin bng my tnh ct cc ng vin ca cc mt ct ngang chi tit.

a.

b.

Hnh. H thng PLT A3(a) v h thng PLT A4 (b) C 2 h thng PTL, PLT A4 c th to m hnh mu bng in mu ln cc tm giy phng v sau p nng cc tm dt mng chng vi nhau. H thng th hai, PLT A3, s dng con ln giy.

a)

b)

c)

H. Cc sn phm ca PLT: a)m hnh mu; b)mu chy; c)sn phm c mu chy

thng s ca cc h thng PLT

H thng Vt liu

PLT A4 Giy tm

PLT A3 Giy cun 400 x 280 x 300

Kch thc xy dng ti 190 x 280 x 200 a, mm Chiu di giy mm chnh xc (mm) 0,08 hoc 0,15 XY 0,05 Z 0,1 chnh xc chung 0,2 (mm) Ngun nng lng AC100 10 (V50/60 Hz 1Hz) Trng lng (*kg) 450

0,08 hoc 0,15 XF; 0. 05,Zt0.1

0,2

3Phase AC200V 10V (50/60Hz 1Hz) 550

3.7. Cc h thng to hnh li gia cng bng laze (LENSTM) ca Optomec Phng php ny to hnh chi tit bng cch b sung kim loi bt bng cch s dng laze Nd : YAG nng lng cao. Chm tia Laze c chiu ln nn ni bt kim loi c phun di s iu khin ca my tnh xy dng cc chi tit ba chiu. Cc chi tit c ch to thng ng, mi lp mt thi im. Do s ho rn nhanh chng xy ra trong qu trnh, bn v tnh mm do cao t c cho hu ht cc hp kim. Cng ngh ny c th t

c chnh xc cao 127 m v s hon thin b mt Ra 0,25 sau mt vi cng on hu x l.

Hnh : H thng LENS 850 ca Optomec

LENS 750 v 850. Cng ngh LENS c s dng cho mt phm vi rng cc kim loi v hp kim bao gm : Thp khng g 304 v 316; hp kim Iron Niken; thp dng c H13 v MM10; 625, 690 v 718 Inconi; hp kim Titanium; Tungsten; Haynes 230; nhm Niken. Cc vt liu ca phng php LENS c th c bn v tnh do ln hn ng k so vi cc vt liu c thnh phn tng t c to ra bi cc phng php thng thng. u im khc ca phng php ny l kh nng s dng cc vt liu khng hn c nh MAR M 247, RIIENIUM v nhiu siu hp kim da trn Niken.

Hnh: cc sn phm ca cng ngh LENS Phng php LENS c p dng thnh cng to cng c, sa cha v ti to li, to mu chc nng v sn xut nhanh. Phng php ny vn ang c pht trin m rng cc lnh vc ng dng. Thng s ca cc h thng LENS Loi m hnh Laze LENS 750 750W cw Nd: YAG C th nng ti 1400W LENS 850 1100W u kp cw Nd: YAG, c th nng ti 2200W Khoang xy dng Di chuyn 12 x12X-Y Di chuyn 18x18 X-Y 12 theo trc Z, mi 42 theo trc Z, mi trng agon Stages, Controlled atmosphere (argon re circulation H thng) Ngun cp bt trng agon 42 Z axis, Controlled atmosphere (argon re circulation H thng)

H thng cp bt kh H thng cp bt kh nn nn kp

Ngun nng lng H thng iu khin

208V/3 Pha/100A Pentium

208V/3 Pha/100A Pentium

C th thy rng hin nay cc h thng p dng cc cng ngh RP khc nhau u c cc th mnh ring nh c u th v chi ph thp v tc ch to nh cc h thng FDM ca cng ty Stratasys trong khi cc h thng SLA ca cng ty 3D Systems hoc LENS ca cng ty Optomec Design th li c th c chnh xc cao, cht lng b mt tt. Hn na, mi loi cng ngh RP c p dng li c c tnh vt liu khc nhau v ng dng trong ch to cc m hnh v sn phm nht nh. Cc t chc v c nhn ty theo mc ch v iu kin ti chnh c th nghin cu v chn h thng RP ph hp.