SYMBOLS

Semnu l
< []

Limba romn

Limba englez

Limba german

semnific provine din, de la marcheaz o ntrerupere a irului vorbirii; lipsa unor propoziii sau a unor fraze (n citate) noteaz silab accentuat (n versificaie) noteaz silaba neaccentuat

signifies comes from, from. marks a break in speaking; a missing sentence or phrase (in quotes). marks the stressed syllable (in verses) marks the unstressed syllable

marcheaz cezura versurilor //

marks censured lines

Abreviations
Termenul
ibid. (ibidem) (< lat.) id. (idem) (< lat.) loc. cit.

Limba romn
- n acelai loc (pentru oper); se refer la acelai autor, aceeai lucrare acelai, de asemenea, tot aa (pentru autor) - repetare integral a informaiei din nota anterioar - locuiune latin din

Limba englez
in the same place (for the work); it refers to the same author, the same work. the same author) (for the

Limba german

Limba spaniol

complete repetition of information given in a previous note

loc. lat.

limba Latin expression

ngr. pag./ pg./p. p. ext.

- limba neogreac - pagina - prin extensiune

Neo-Greek page by extension

Expresia
A GIORNO AB ORIGINE

Limba romn
Ca ziua De la nceput Ex.: A istorisi evenimentele ab origine. Piesa a fost jucat! Formul care anuna sfritul unei reprezentaii n teatrul antic. Ultimele cuvinte ale lui August: Plaudite, acta est fabula! (Aplaudai, piesa s-a terminat!)

English
in the daylight, crystal clear From the beginning Eg.: To narrate the events from the beginning. The play has been played! Sentence used in the ancient theatre to announce the end of a performance. Augustus last words were: Clap your hands, the play is over!

Limba german

ACTA EST FABULA!

ACTA, NON VERBA AD LIBITUM

Fapte, nu vorbe. Actions speak louder than Faptele sunt mai convingtoare words. dect vorbele. Deeds are more convincing than words. Dup dorin; la alegere At will/option At/on/upon one's discretion At one's pleasure As you like it As you see occasion

AD LITTERAM

Vorb cu vorb, mai precis, liter cu liter. n sens pozitiv, nseamn a cita ceva sau pe cineva cu precizie i onestitate. n sens negativ, semnific a interpreta ceva ntr-un sens ngust, deformat, contrar sensului real. Spre venic aducere aminte a acestei fapte. Text utilizat pe inscripiile comemorative. Pentru aceasta, ntr-un anumit scop. Pentru via venic. Pentru totdeauna, pe vecie. Regatul meu pentru un cal. Shskespeare, Richard al III-lea, act V, scena 4. Cuvinte rostite de Richard al III-lea, nfrnt i ncolit, n btlia de la Bosworth. Ele subliniaz rolul hotrtor, n anumite momente, ale unui lucru cruia de obicei nu i se acord importan. La rzboi, ca la rzboi.

AD PERPETUAM REI MEMORIAM (< lat.) AD-HOC AD VITAM AETERNAM (lat.) A HORSE, A HORSE MY,KINGDOM FOR A HORSE (< eng.)

Word by word, more precisely,letter by letter. In the good sense of the word, it means to quote something or someone with accuracy and honesty. In the bad sense of the word, it signifies to interpret something in a narrow, altered way, opposite to its real sense. To an eternal recollection of this deed. This text can be seen on commemorative inscriptions. With a certain end in view, to serve a certain purpose. For eternity. Forever. My kingdom for a horse. Shskespeare, Richard III, act V, scene 4. Words that were said by Richard III, who was defeated at Bosworth. They underline a decisive role, in different moments, of a thing that is usual unimportant.

LA GUERRE

At war, like at war. 5

COMME LA GUERRE (< fr.) ALIAS ALMA MATER (< lat.)

A te conforma unor condiii impuse sau unor situaii dificile n care ai ajuns fr voia ta. Altfel (spus) Mama care te hrnete. Astfel au fost denumite Cibela, zeia naturii, i Ceres, zeia vegetaiei. Poeii latini au folosit aceast expresie pentru a denumi patria. Astzi, se numesc astfel universitile, pentru c hrnesc minile oamenilor cu nvturi valoroase. Alte guri, aceeai gam. Cunoscut vers din Glossa, de Mihai Eminescu. Se folosete atunci cnd vrem s artm c numai oamenii s-au schimbat, situaia anterioar rmnnd, de fapt, aceeai. Alt eu, al doilea eu. S-a spus c Ephestion, aghiotantul i prietenul lui Alexandru cel Mare, era un alter ego al regelui. Filosoful grec Zenon recunotea c fiecare discipol

To comply with some conditions or difficult situations that one finds oneself in, against ones will. Also known as. The mother who feeds you. Thus were Cibela, goddess of nature and Ceres, goddess of vegetation called. Latin poets used this expression to name their native country. Today, the universities are called like this, because they feed peoples minds with valuable knowledge. Other masks, the same play. Well known verse from Mihai Eminescus poem, Glossa. It is used when we want to show that only people have changed, a given situation remaining, actually, the same. A second ego, a second me. Ephestion, adjutant and friend of Alexander the Greats, was said to be the kings alter ego. The Greek philosopher Zenon admitted that every disciple from his school was his alter 6

ALTE MTI, ACEEAI PIES

ALTER EGO (< lat.)

din coala sa e un alter ego al lui. Expresia se folosete i n cazul cnd doi prieteni inseparabili i reflect exact prerile i gndurile. (Ex.: ncrede-te n el ca n mine, cci este un alter ego al meu.) ANTI ap. (apud) A PRIORI (< lat.) mpotriva. n, la, dup - care se indic autorul sau lucrarea respectiv. Din cele precedente, din ceea ce este mai nainte. Sintagma se folosete cnd cineva pretinde c tie ceva dinainte. Vulturul nu prinde mute. Cine este preocupat de lucruri importante nu se las furat de nimicuri. Arta de a vorbi bine. Arta este lung, viaa e scurt. E varianta latin a primului aforism hipocratic. E folosit ca un sfat, ca un ndemn, cnd se spune cuiva s se grbeasc,

ego. The expression is also used when two inseparable friends share the same ideas and the same thoughts. Eg.: Trust him like you trust me, because hes my alter ego. Against; counter to. after, in, at- the writer or his work is indicated. Prior, anterior, preceding, former. The collocation is used when someone claims to know something based on prior knowledge. An eagle does not catch flies. Someone who is concerned with important things does not let himself taken away by trifles. The art of speaking to persuade or influence people, rhetoric . Art is long, life is short. It is the Latin variant of the first Hippocratic aphorism. It is used as advice, as an impulse, when someone is told to hurry 7

AQUILA NON CAPIT MUSCAS (proverb latin) ARS BENE DICENDI ARS LONGA, VITA BREVIS (< lat.)

fiindc timpul e scurt i sunt multe de fcut. ART PENTRU ART Art pentru art Expresia Lart pour lart. a fost rostit de un filosof francez ntr-o prelegere la Universitatea Sorbona. El i-a exprimat concepia c religia trebuie pus n slujba religiei, morala trebuie s serveasc morala, iar arta trebuie fcut pentru art. Norocul (soarta) i ajut pe cei ndrznei. Aurita cale de mijloc. (Horaiu, Ode, II, 10. 5) ndemn la modestie i la cumptare. Astzi, persiflare a mediocritii. Ori Cezar, ori nimic! Principiu atribuit lui Cezar Borgia. Expresie a unei ambiii nemsurate. De voie, de nevoie (a face sau a consimi la ceva).

AUDACES FORTUNA IUVAT (< lat.) AUREA MEDIOCRITAS (< lat.)

because there are so many things to do in such short time. Art for the sake of art. The expression art for the sake of art was pronounced by a French philosopher in a lecture at the University Sorbonne. He said that religion needs to serve religion,ethics needs to be placed in the service of ethics and art must be made for the sake of art. Good luck (fate) helps audacious people. The golden midway [Horaiu, Odes, II, 10. 5] This is an impulse to modesty and moderation. Nowadays, this means persifilation of mediocrity. Either Caesar or nothing! This was attributed to Caesar Borgia, expression of boundless ambition. Whether he likes it or not, willy-nilly

AUT CAESAR, AUT NIHIL! (< lat.) BON GR, MAL GR (< fr.) BUTOIUL DANAIDELOR

Danaide reprezint numele The Danaides name the fifty celor cincizeci de fiice ale daughters of king Danaos of regelui Danaos al Argosului Argos (a fortress in ancient 8

(cetate din Grecia antic). El era fratele regelui Aegyptos al Egiptului, care la rndul lui avea cincizeci de fii. Acetia doreau s se cstoreasc cu frumoasele Danaide, dar att ele, ct i tatl lor, au refuzat propunerea. Aegyptos a recurs atunci, la o metod de constrngere: i-a trimis bieii n fruntea unei numeroase armate, n faa creia Danaos a trebuit s cedeze, dar a poruncit ca, n noaptea nunii, fetele s-i sugrume soii. Pentru aceast fapt, au ajuns n Infern, unde au fost pedepsite s umple pe vecie un butoi fr fund. Aceast legend a dat natere expresiei ,,Butoiul Danaidelor, care nseamn o munc zadarnic, o risip fr de sfrit. CAPTATIO BENEVOLENTIA E (< lat.) Captarea bunvoinei. Mijloc retoric de a ctiga bunvoina receptorului, n vederea obinerii unor avantaje. La nivelul unei opere literare, const n expunerea condensat a temei sau ideii principale, tranziia de la

Greece). He was the brother of king Aegyptos of Egipt, who had fifty boys. The boys wanted to get married to the beautiful Danaides, but the latter and their father did not agree. Aegyptos forced them, then: he sent his sons, in front of a great army, and this made Danaos give in to them, but he demanded his daughters to kill their husbands on the wedding night. For this deed, the girls ended in Hell where they were punished to fill a huge, bottomless barell. This legend gave birth to the expression Danaides barell, which means a useless work, an endless waste of effort.

To captivate ones benevolence. Rhetorical means of gaining the attention of the listener,in order to obtain some advantages. Referring to an artistic prouction, it consists in presenting the theme and the 9

cunotinele cititorului presupus ctre necunoscutele textului. CARPE DIEM. (< lat.) Triete clipa. ndemn de a tri intens clipa prezent, singura sigur. Carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero. (Bucur-te de ziua de azi i ncrede-te prea puin n cea de mine!) E nceputul unui vers dintr-o od a lui Horaiu. Sintagma carpe diem a cptat o mare rspndire, constituind un ndemn de a culege roadele, dar, mai ales, bucuriile zilei de azi (verbul carpere nseamn a culege).

main ideas briefly to the reader. Seize the day. It is an expression that tells you to live intensly the present moment,the only one that we can be sure about Carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero. (Enjoy today and dont trust tomorrow). It is the beginning of a verse from an ode by Horatio. The expression carpe diem is widely spread because it means an impulse to treasure the god things and moments, but especially the happiness of the present day.(the verb carpere means to gather, to pick up). Achilles heel This expression comes from the Greek mythology and it means the weak point. In Greek mythology Achilles was the son of the beautiful Tetis, who was the wife of Peleu, the king of Tesalia. From his birth, Tetis knew that one day her son would grow to become a curageous and 10

CLCIUL LUI AHILE (expresie)

Clciul lui Ahile este o expresie provenit din mitologia greac i semnific punctul slab. n mitologia greac, Ahile era fiul frumoasei nereide Tetis, ce era mritat cu Peleu, regele din Tesalia. nc de la natere, Tetis tia c fiul su va crete mare, voinic i curajos. Ahile a rmas

cunoscut prin lupta de sub zidurile Troiei. Pentru a-l scpa de blestemurile aduse de Moira, Tetis a ncercat s-l cleasc pe Ahile. n acest scop, nc de mic i ungea trupul cu ambrozie, l arunca n flcri i chiar l-a dus ntr-o noapte la Hades, n Infern. Acolo i-a scldat fiul n rul Stix, dar nu s-a gndit la clciul stng de care l inea. Acel loc a rmas neclit. Cnd a crescut mai mare, Ahile a fost dus la centaurul Hiron, unde a fost hrnit numai cu mduv i creier de pui de urs i cu ficat de leu. Dup un timp, Agamemnon a venit la Ahile i i-a cerut ajutorul n rzboiul Troiei. Acolo, ns, Apollo a nimerit cu o sgeat de la Paris n clciul stng a lui Ahile, ce a murit. n prezent, ,,clciul lui Ahile reprezint latura slab sau punctul vulnerabil a unui lucru sau a unei persoane. CMAA LUI NESSUS (SAU MANTIA, Expresia i gsete originea n legenda povestit de Ovidiu n opera Metamorfozele despre

strong man. Achilles is konwn from the Trojan war. Tetis tried to make him stronger because Moira cursed him. When he was a child, his mother would oil his body with ambrozia, she would throw him in fire and one night she took him to Hades, the Inferno. There she dipped him into the Styx river, but she did not mind the heel which she was holding him by, this spot remaining vulnerable. When he grew up, Achilles was taken to Chiron, the Centaur, where he was fed only with marrow and bear brain, and also with lion liver. After a while, Agamemnon came to Achilles and asked the latter to help him in the Trojan war. There, Apollo killed Achilles with an arrow from Paris. Nowadays Achilles heel represents the week way or the vulnerable point of a thing or of a person. Nessus shirt The expression can be found in Ovids Metamorphoses 11

HAINA, TUNICA LUI NESSUS)

Nessus i Deianira (Cartea I, 98, pag. 133) i despre Moartea lui Hercule (Cartea IX, pag. 134-210). Nessus era un centaur. Hercule l-a ucis, pentru c monstrul a ncercat s-i rpeasc soia, pe Deianira. nainte de a-i da sfritul, Nessus a conceput o rzbunare cumplit. A spus Deianirei c sngele lui ar avea darul de a pstra credina conjugal. Crezndu-l, Deianira i-a trimis lui Hercule o cma mbibat cu snge ce fusese otrvit de Nessus, cu veninul hidrei Lerna. Hercule a mbrcat cmaa ce s-a lipit de corp i a luat foc. Disperat, n ultimele clipe, rupse fii din trupul su, o dat cu vemntul otrvit. Expresia simbolizeaz o pasiune mistuitoare de care omul nu se poate desctua.

COGITO, ERGO SUM. (< lat.)

Gndesc, deci sunt, exist. (Ren Descartes, Principia philosophiae, Discours de la

about Nessus and Deianerie (Book I, 98, page 133) and about Hercules death (Book IX, pages 134-210). Nessus was a centaur . Hercules wounded him because the monster tried to kidnap his wife, Deianerie. Before dying, Nessus thought of a terrible way to avenge. He told Deianerie that his enchanted blood would have the power of keeping ones conjugal faith. Believing him, Deianeira sent Hercules a shirt tainted with blood which had been poisoned with the lethal poison of Lerna, the Hydra. No sooner had Hercules put on the shirt than it got stuck to his body and flames started to come out of it. In despair, Hercules started to tear out the shirt, but he tore up pieces of his own flesh along with shreds of the poisonous cloth. The expression symbolizes a devouring passion from which the human being cannot set free. I think, therefore I am. (Ren Descartes, Fundamental truth of the philosophy) 12

JE PENSE, DONC mthode, IV) JE SUIS Este o celebr tez care (< fr.) exprim n form concentrat caracterul antidogmatic i raionalist al folosofiei carteziene, proclamnd totodat drept adevr indubitabil dovad a existenei gndirea. COMPARAISON NEST PAS RAISON (< fr.) CONSENSUS OMNIUM (< lat.) CURRICULUM VITAE (< lat.) Comparaia nu e o raiune. Comparaia nu poate fi invocat drept argument. Cu consimimntul tuturor. Unanimitate, asentiment general. Cursul vieii. Schi biografic nsoit de un memoriu de activitate tiinific, didactic etc. ntocmit n vederea obinerii unor posturi sau titluri. De la nceput, din nou, nc o dat Indic repetarea unei lucrri muzicale sau, prin extensie, a unei aciuni, operaii din alte domenii, de la nceput pn la sfrit.

It is a famous thesis which expresses the rationalist characteristic of the Cartesian phylosophy and which also proclaims thinking as indubitable truth, that makes proof of ones existence.

Comparison is not a reason. The comparison cannot be invoked as an argument. Everybodys agreement. Unanimity, general consent. Curriculum vitae CV A written record of ones education and employment that one sends when one applies for a job, position, title.

DA CAPO

Once more/again. This expression indicates the repeat of a musical work,or, by extension, of an action, operations from other domains, from the beginning to the end. 13

DE FACTO DE GUSTIBUS ET COLORIBUS NON DISPUTANDUM. (< lat.)

De fapt Despre gusturi i culori nu trebuie s discui. De obicei, se folosete textul latin ntr-o variant rezumativ: De gustibus non disputandum., sau De gustibus... Face referire la faptul c despre gusturi i culori ne pierdem degeaba vremea n dispute pentru c fiecare om are, n aceast privin, anumite preferine proprii. De drept Situaie de iure, situaie prevzut de lege; hotrre de iure, hotrre n virtutea prevederilor legale. Lucrtor, constructor, arhitect n filosofia platonian, Demiurg este numele dat creatorului i crmuitorului lumii, adic Divinitii, ca furitor al universului. Prin extensiune, Demiurg a ajuns s nsemne sufletul universului, principiul activ al lumii.

Actually There is no arguing either about tastes or abour colours. Usually, the Latin text is used in a shortened variant: De gustibus non disputandum.,or De gustibus... This means that arguing about tastes and colours is in vain, because, in this regard, each person has his / her own preferences. By rights according to (the) law a decision according to the law

DE IURE

DEMIURG (< gr.)

Worker, builder, architect In the Platonian phylosophy, Demiurg is the name which was given to the creator of the world, to God, as a builder of the universe. By extension, Demiurg means the soul of the universe, the active principle of the world. 14

DE PROFUNDIS (CLAVAMI AD TE, DOMINE!)

Din adncuri. Versetul Din adncimile abisului strigat-am ctre Tine, Doamne! (Psalmi, 129) e o invocaie ce se cnt n cadrul liturghiei morilor la catolici. De profundis, strigt de dezndejde, a cptat o semnificaie laic, fiind luat drept titlu de opere de scriitori ca: Oscar Wilde, Octavian Goga, Tudor Arghezi. Coincidena contrariilor. Dezbin i stpnete! Principiu de guvernare enunat de Macchiaveli utilizat deseori pentru a defini politica Imperiului Habsburgic. Exista i la romani: Divide ut regnes (Divide pentru a domni!) Formula a fost aplicat de multe guverne oligahice, care pentru a subjuga popoarele, provocau dezbinri ntre partide, ntre naionaliti. Legea e aspr, dar e lege. Adagiu din dreptul roman, care exprim caracterul obligatoriu

DISCORDIA CONCORS DIVIDE ET IMPERA! (< lat.)

From the depths The verse From the depths of the abyss we have called Thee, God! (Psalms, 129) is an invocation from the liturgy of a dead person in Catholic churches. De profundis,the call of despair, has lost some of its religious significance, as it became the title of works written by writers such as Oscar Wilde, Octavian Goga, Tudor Arghezi. Opposites attract Divide and rule! Governing principle stated by Macchiaveli; used usually to define the policy of the Habsburgic Empire. It was used also by the Romans: Divide ut regnes (Divide to rule!) This strategy was applied by a lot of oligarchic governments; they divided the nations to rule them. The law is harsh, but it is the law. Statement from the Roman 15

DURA LEX, SED LEX

al legii, orict de aspr ar fi. Aceast maxim strveche i-a pierdut sensul ei strict juridic, fiind citat nu numai cnd e vorba exclusiv de lege, ci i de o regul de conduit, foarte exigent i sever sau de o ordine stabilit, care trebuie s fie respectat, dei este greu i neplcut.

EDEN (< ebraic) Delicii E numele dat paradisului terestru, imaginat ca o grdin uria i ncnttoare (Gan eden grdina deliciilor), unde au aprut cei dinti oameni, Adam i Eva. EDITIO PRINCEPS (< lat.) FINITA LA COMMEDIA (< it.) EL GRAN TEATRO DEL Prima ediie. Face referire la ediia prim a lucrrii unui vechi autor sau, n general, despre ediia cea dinti a unei cri. Comedia s-a sfrit. Cuvinte care anunau, n teatrul italian, sfritul unei piese. Lumea ca teatru.

Law which expresses the compulsory character of the law, no matter how harsh it might be. This expression has lost its juridical meaning, and it is quoted not only when we talk about the law, but also about a rule of conduct, very harsh and demanding, or about a stict order, which must be respected, although this is a difficult and unpleasant thing to do. Delights It is the name given to the earthly paradise, imagined as a huge and charming garden (Gan eden the garden of delights), where Adam and Eve appeared for the first time. First edition This expresses the first edition of an old artists work or, generally, the first edition of a book. The comedy has ended. These words were used in the Italian theatre, at the end of a play. The world as a huge stage / theatre. 16

MUNDO ELEFANII LUI CEZAR

n Antichitate, elefanii africani i asiatici erau folosii pentru rzboaie. Pyrrhus i Hannibal au fost cei dinti care i-au adus n Europa, folosindu-i pe cmpul de lupt. Dar, cei mai vestii din istorie, au rmas elefanii lui Cezar, cci datorit unor trupe de pachiderme, el a ctigat btlia de la Thapsus, localitate din Africa, mpotriva partizanilor lui Pompei. Ca omagiu adus acestor ,,aliai, pe medaliile romane a fost gravat un elefant, spre a aminti victoria lui Cezar. Astzi, au rmas n literatura universal, spre a desemna, fie un procedeu neateptat, pentru a obine o reuit, fie un ajutor preios, un aliat care prilejuiete o izbnd, un succes, fr a cere nici o rsplat. i totui se mic. Sunt faimoasele cuvinte rostite de Galilei care, dup Copernic, proclamase c pmntul se nvrtete. Biserica l-a forat s

EPPUR (E PUR) SI MUOVE. (< it.)

In Antiquity, the African and the Asian elephants were used in wars. Pyrrhus and Hannibal were the first to bring elephants to Europe and to use them on the battlefield. But the most famous elephants in history remained Caesars elephants. He won the battle of Thapsus, a place in Africa, against Pompeis partizans, with the help of a group of pachyderms. As a homage to the allies, on the Roman medals an elephant was engraved in honour of Caesars victory. Nowadays, they remained in the universal literature as a symbol of an unexpected method used in order to succeed, or of precious help, an ally who occasions a victory, a success, without asking for a reward. And, yet, it is moving. These are the famous words of Galilei who, after Copernic, proclamed that the earth is spinning around. The church 17

retracteze afirmaiile, pentru c ele veneau n contradicie cu Scriptura. A fost judecat, dar la sfritul procesului, convins de adevrul tiinific pe care l susinea, a repetat: E pur si mouve. Expresia se folosete atunci cnd, n discuii contradictorii, un partener de discuie vine cu fel de fel de argumente pentru a convinge pe cellalt de contrariul a ceea ce susine. Acesta, pentru a pune capt discuiilor, arat c rmne la convingerea sa, pronunnd: e pur si mouve. ET IN ARCADIA EGO. i eu am fost n Arcadia. Epitaful unui tablou celebru al pictorului Nicolas Poussin. Arcadia legendar era considerat ca fiind inutul vieii idilice, patriarhale. Expresia mrturisete nostalgia dup o fericire pierdut. Este o msur n toate. (Horaiu, Satirae) Orice exces este reprobabil. Pe neateptate, pe nepregtite

ET MODUS IN REBUS. (< lat.) EX ABRUPTO

forced him to retract this statement, because it was in contradiction with the Holy Bible. He was judged, but at the end of the trial, he repeated: E pur si mouve, because he was convinced about the sciencific truth that he had stated. This expression is used when, during a heated debate, a person tries hard to persuade a partner of discussion to state exactly the opposite of what the latter states. The latter, to end the conflict, shows that he still sticks to his/her opinion by saying: e pur si mouve. I am in Arcadia too. The epitaph of a famous painting of the artist Nicolas Poussin. The legendary Arcadia was considered to be the land of the idyllic and patriarchal life. The quotation testifies the nostalgia for a lost happiness. There is moderation in every thing. (Horace, Satires) Every excess is blame-worthy Unexpected, unawares 18

(< lat.)

Exordium ex abrupto, intrare direct n subiect, fr introducere. Procedeu oratoric utilizat, de pild, de Cicero n primul discurs mpotriva lui Catilina. Din crile lui.... Semn de proprietate aplicat pe o carte de ctre posesorul ei, sub form de semntur, sigiliu sau tampil. Din nimic nu se nate nimic.

Exordium ex abrupto, breaking in a subject, without introduction. Oratorical procedure used, for instance, by Cicero in the first speech against Catilina. From the books of... Sign of property applied on a book by its owner, in the form of a signature, a seal or a stamp.

EX LIBRIS (lat.)

EX NIHILO NIHIL (< lat.) FAUTE DE MIEUX (< fr.)

FESTINA LENTE! (< lat.)

FIAT LUX (< lat.)

From nothing one gets nothing. n lips de ceva mai bun. In absence of something A recurge la o soluie faute de better mieux , a accepta, dei nu e To resort to a solution faute de cea mai bun, ca singura mieux , to accept a bad posibil. solution, even it is not a good one, as it is the only one. Grbete-te ncet. More haste less speed! Cuvinte atribuite lui Augustus Words attribute to Augustus (Vieile celor 12 cezari, cap.25). (The Lives of the 12 Caesars, n sens larg, se poate folosi i chapter 25).In the broad cu nelesul c rezultatele bune sense, it can be used to mean se obin fr pripeal. that good results can be obtained without making haste. S fie lumin! (Geneza, I, 3) Let there be light! (Genesis, I, Cptnd un sens profan, 3) aceste cuvinte au devenit These words became the deviza raiunii care symbol of rationing which 19

lumineaz, alungnd ntunericul ignoranei. FIRUL ARIADNEI Firul Ariadnei are semnificaie de a fi o modalitate de a iei dintr-o ncurctur. Pe vremea regelui Minos, meterul Dedal construise un labirint unde nchisese pe Minotaur, fiul conductorului. Monstrul era jumtate om, jumtate taur. El trebuia s fie hrnit, i din aceast cauz Minos i-a invadat pe atenieni, care au fost silii s trimit tribut anual apte tineri i apte tinere, care s fie dai hran monstrului. ntr-unul din ani, Tezeu a fost trimis ca fcnd parte din tribut, dar el, de fapt, plnuia s-l ucid pe Minotaur. Dup ce tributul a ajuns n Creta, Ariadna, fiica regelui Minos, s-a ndrgostit de Tezeu, cruia i-a dat un pumnal i un ghem cu fir de aur. n labirint, eroul a legat captul firului ghemului de un stlp de la intrare, pentru a gsi drumul napoi i, dup aceea, cu pumnalul l-a ucis pe Minotaur. Cu ajutorul firului a ieit din

casts away, in a profane meaning, the darkness of ignorance. Ariadnas thread expresses a way to get out from trouble. In King Minos times, the handicraftsman Dedal built a labyrinth where he locked the Minotaur, the kings son. The monster was half man, half bull. He needed to be fed, and thats why Minos invaded the Athenians, who were forced to send an annual tribute consisting of seven young men and seven young women, who were given to the monster as food. One year, Theseus was one of the men sent as tribute, but he was actually planning to kill the Minotaur. After the tribute reached Crete, Ariadna, King Minos daughter, fell in love with Theseus and she gave him a knife and a ball with golden thread. In the labyrinth, the hero tied one end of the thread to a pillar, to find the way back, and then he killed the Minotaur. Then he got out from the labyrinth following 20

labirint i a evadat, fugind mpreun cu Ariadna, pe care n timpul cltoriei ctre Atena a prsit-o pe o insul, lsndo zeului Dionysos FIVE OCLOCK (expr. eng.) Ceai servit la cinci dup amiaz, nsoit de o gustare. Reuniune amical fcut dupamiaza, n jurul orei cinci. Informaie important transmis cu prioritate. Termen mprumutat din cinematografie. Desemneaz plan foarte scurt. Soart trectoare, nestatornic, destin schimbtor; vitejia trecut a apus, strlucirea vechilor ceti s-a stins; popii i regii sunt pulbere. A devenit motiv artistic n multe opere literare. Timpul zboar fr rentoarcere. (Vergiliu, Georgicele, III, versetul 284) Aici, accentul se pune pe irepetabil, pe ireversibil i pe concluzia c timpul trebuie preuit i ntrebuinat cu folos.

the thread and he fled with Ariadna, but he left her on an island during the journey to Athens, leaving her to the god Dionysus. Tea served at five oclock in the afternoon, with a snack. Friendly meeting in the afternoon, around five oclock. Flash (eng.) Important information sent with high priority. Term borrowed from cinema. It means very short plan. The passing fate, changing destiny; long gone bravery, the brightness of the ancient fortresses disappeared, the popes and the kings have come to dust. It became an artistical leit motif in many literary works. Time flies (Virgil, The Georgics, III, verse 284) Here, the stress lays on the unique, on the irreversible and on the conclusion that time must be valued and wisely 21

FLASH (eng.)

FORTUNA LABILIS (< lat.)

FUGIT IRREPARABILE TEMPUS (< lat.)

GAUDEAMUS IGITUR (< lat.)

S ne bucurm aadar. nceputul unui vechi cntec al studenilor germani, devenit apoi imnul studenilor de pretutindeni: Gaudeamus igitur, iuvenes dum sumus! (S ne bucurm, aadar, ct suntem tineri!) n linii mari; sumar, fr a intra n amnunte. Se spune despre o lucrare incomplet sau despre o problem nfiat n linii generale, fr a intra n detalii. Rzboi pn la capt. Aciune distructiv, tenace, perseverent i necrutoare. Sfrit fericit. Termenul a fost introdus n filmele care, dup o serie de peripeii, se terminau stereotip cu cstoria eroilor, adic cu un happy end. De aici, expresia a ajuns s semnifice, n general, o ncheiere vesel, un final satisfctor. Aici i acum. A lua iniiative, decizii hic et

GROSSO MODO (< lat.)

GUERRE OUTRANCE (< fr.) HAPPY END (< engl.)

used. Let `s enjoy ourselves. The beginning of an old German students song. It became the international hymn of students: Gaudeamus igitur, iuvenes dum sumus! (Let`s enjoy ourselves while we are young!) The outline, the framework, without details. It is said about a work which is incomplete or about a problem presented in general terms, without giving too many details. War till the end. Destructive action, tenacious, persevering and merciless. Happy end. The term was introduced in the movies which, after a lot of adventures, ended with the stereotypical marriage of the heroes, the marriage meaning the happy end. The expresion referes to an end full of joy, a satisfying end. Here and now. To have an initiative, to make 22

HIC ET NUNC

HYBRIS HONORIS CAUSA (< lat.)

nunc. Strlucire Datorit meritelor. Expresia desemneaz obiceiul universitilor de a acorda titlul de DOCTOR HONORIS CAUSA unor personaliti cu merite deosebite n art, tiin, cultur. Trebuie s mnnci ca s trieti, i nu s trieti ca s mnnci. Maxim cunoscut nc din antichitate, repus n circulaie de Molire (Avarul, act. III, scena I). Timpul e un om de treab. Deviza lui Mazarin; relev importana timpului n soluionarea lucrurilor. n contact direct cu un receptor. A relata ceva pe larg. Chiar prin acest fapt. Expresia desemneaz un lucru neles de la sine, implicit.

a decision hic et nunc. Glamour Due to merits The expression means the custom of universities which award the title of DOCTOR HONORIS CAUSA to important personalities with praiseworthy merits in art, science and culture. You must eat to live, not live to eat. Expression known from the Antiquity, used by Molire (The Avarice, act. III, scene I). Time is a decent man. Mazarins motto; it reveals times importance in giving a resolution to all things. In direct contact with the receiver. To describe something in detail. Right through this fact. The expression means a selfevident thing, which stands for 23

IL FAUT MANGER POUR VIVRE ET NON PAS VIVRE POUR MANGER ( fr.) IL TEMPO UN GALANTUOMO ( it..) IN ACTU IN EXTENSO IPSO FACTO

LA VIDA ES SUENO LE ROI EST MORT! VIVE LE ROI!

Lumea ca vis. Regele a murit! Triasc regele! Formul prin care se anuna, n Frana, decesul suveranului i urcarea pe tron a urmaului su. Se utilizeaz ironic atunci cnd o schimbare de persoane nu antreneaz i schimbarea unor stri de lucruri. Lupul n fabul. Persoan care i face apariia tocmai n momentul cnd se discut despre ea. (Se folosete n expresia, Vorbeti de lup i lupul la u.) Cu mare laud. E vina mea. Formul prin care se recunoate greeala i, implicit, se cere iertare. Provine dintr-o rugciune care const n a mrturisi pcatele. Are i origine juridic, pentru c n

itself, which does not need to be explained. The world is like a dream. The king is dead! Long live the king! The expression through which, in France, the death of a king and the crowning of his heir was announced. It is ironically used when a person is replaced with another one, but the situation remains the same. The wolf in the fable. Person who appears just at the moment when he / she is being talked about. (It is used in the expression: You are talking about the wolf and the wolf is at the door.) With great praise It`s my fault. Expression with which one recognizes the mistake made and, implicitly asks for forgiveness at the same time.It comes from a prayer said when one confesses ones 24

LUPUS IN FABULA

MAGNA CUM LAUDAE MEA CULPA (< lat.)

tribunalele romane, nainte de nceperea proceselor, acuzaii erau ntrebai dac i recunosc vina. n caz afirmativ, spuneau: Mea culpa! i, astfel, puteau obine circumstane atenuante, iar alii chiar erau absolvii de pedeaps.

MEMENTO MORI! (< lat.)

Adu-i aminte c vei muri! n secolul al XII-lea, aceast expresie a fost adoptat de clugrii trapiti1 ca formul de salut. Cu timpul, adagiul a devenit un simplu semnal de aducere aminte. Adeseori, expresia se desparte de cuvntul mori i se prezint n forma memento! Echivalentul ei modern este termenul REMEMBER! Adu-i aminte; ine minte! Aceste cuvinte au fost adresate de Carol I al Angliei, episcopului Juxon, nainte de a fi decapitat. n sens larg, reprezint ndemnul de a nu uita un eveniment important la care ia fost dat s asiti.

sins.It has also a juridical origin because in the Roman courts, before the beginning of a trial, the accused were asked to admit their guilt. If they admitted to their deed, they would say: Mea culpa! and so they would be granted extenuating circumstances, and some could even get total absolution for their deed. Remember you will die! In the 12th century, this expression was adopted by the trapist2 monks as a greeting formula. In time it became a simple reminding signal. Sometimes, the expression is split and reduced to the word memento! Its modern equivalent is the term REMEMBER!. These words were addressed by Carol I of England, to Bishop Juxon before the latter was beheaded. In a broad sense, it means not to forget an important event which you have witnessed. It can be read in various literary

1 2

trapiti ordin religios din Frana

25

Poate fi ntlnit n diverse opere literare: Goethe (Poezie i adevr, vol.I, Cartea IX), Mihai Eminescu (mprat i proletar, strofa 19), Mateiu Caragiale (Remember) .a. MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO (< lat.) O minte sntoas ntr-un corp sntos. n Satire (X, 536), Iuvenal afirm c omul cu adevrat nelept nu cere cerului dect sntatea trupului mpreun cu cea a minii. Mod de a tri. Modalitate de nelegere ntre dou sau mai multe persoane prin concesii reciproce sau prin acceptarea unor compromisuri. A murit, s-a dus, s-a terminat. Expresia este ntlnit i n versiunea francez Les morts vont vite, fiind mai des citat n vorbirea curent. Se ntlnete n opera lui Eminescu, n titlul poeziei Mortua est! Schimbnd ceea ce trebuie schimbat. Expresia se aplica proiectelor

creations like - Goethe (Poetry and Truthr, vol.I, Book IX), Mihai Eminescu (Emperor and proletarian, stranza 19), Mateiu Caragiale (Remember) A healthy mind in a healthy body. In Satire (X, 536), Juvenal states that the truely wise human asks from God both for the health of the body and for the health of the mind. Way of living. Way in which two or more people can tackle down a disagreement through mutual concessions or by accepting some compromise. It died, its gone, its over. The expression exists also in French: Les morts vont vite, and it is often quoted in the spoken language. Eminescu also used it as a title of a poem Mortua est! Changing what must be changed. The expression was used when 26

MODUS VIVENDI (< lat.)

MORTUA EST! (< lat)

MUTATIS MUTANDIS (<lat.)

de legi care erau reluate n discuie numai dup ce se operau o serie de modificri propuse. Ulterior, mutatis mutandis a devenit o formul uzual, care semnific faptul c s-au fcut sau trebuie s se fac schimbrile necesare. NARCISISM n opera Metamorfozele, Ovidiu povestete, n versuri, legenda lui Narcis. Frumosul tnr Narkissos, din mitologia greac, era trufa i rece fa de dragostea nimfelor. Una dintre ele l-a blestemat s iubeasc fr a fi iubit i blestemul l-a ajuns. Privinduse ntr-o fntn, Narcis s-a ndrgostit de propriu-i chip. Neputnd ajunge la imaginea ce l-a cucerit, a murit de durere. Narcis reprezint omul ndrgostit de sine nsui, care nu nceteaz s se admire i nu vede pe nimeni n afar de propria persoan. Aceast admiraie patologic se numete narcisism.

projects of laws were brought into discussion again after some changes had been made. Afterwards, mutatis mutandis became a common expression, which means that the changes have been made or that they have to be made. In Ovids work, The Metamorphoses, the writer tells the legend of Narcissus. The young, pretty Narcissus, from the Greek mythology, was haughty and cold regarding the love of nimphs. One of those nimphs cursed him to love without being loved back and this curse fulfilled itself. When he was looking at his own reflection in the water of a well, Narcissus fell in love with his own reflection. Because he could not touch that enchanting image, he suffered until he died. Narcissus represents the man in love with himself, who does not stop to admire himself and who does not see anybody else except for his own person. This pathological 27

NASUL CLEOPATREI

Nasul Cleopatrei este o expresie provenit de pe vremea marii regine i semnific un defect. Cleopatra, care se considera fiica zeiei Isis, credea c este perfect, dar avea un singur defect, i anume nasul, care era prea lung. Vrnd, nevrnd. Nu multe, ci mult; nu cantitate, ci calitate. Aceasta a fost deviza retorului roman Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, exprimat n lucrarea sa De institutione oratoria (X, 1, 59). Ouintiliam era de prere c n coal, ca i n via, nu numrul rezultatelor obinute este ceea ce intereseaz, ci importana i valoarea lor. El a formulat ideea n fraza: Multa magis quam multorum lectione formanda mens. (Mintea se formeaz prin lecii multe ca valoare, i nu multe ca feluri.) Elevul su, Plinius cel Tnr, a

NOLENS, VOLENS (< lat.) NON MULTA, SED MULTUM. (< lat.)

admiration is called narcissism. Cleopatras nose is an expression which was used in Cleopatras time and means a defect. Cleopatra, who considered that she was the daughter of goddess Isis, thought that she was perfect, but she had a single defect, her nose, which was too long. Willy nilly. Not many, but much; not quantity but quality. This was Marcus Fabius Quintilianuss motto, expressed in his work De institutione oratoria (X, 1, 59]. Ouintiliams opinion about school was that not the number of the results obtained was what was important, but the importance and the value of these results. He also worded this idea in the sentence: Multa magis quam multorum lectione formanda mens. (the mind is formed by the value of the lessons and not by the number of the 28

reluat ideea n Epistulae (VII, 9, 15): Aiunt multum legendum esse, non multa. (Se zice c trebuie s citeti mult, nu multe.) Ulterior, din aceste fraze s-a formulat expresia concis: Non multa, sed multum. Se citeaz adeseori n varianta Puin, dar bun.

lessons). His student, Plinius the Young, resumed this idea in Epistulae (VII, 9, 15): Aiunt multum legendum esse, non multa. (it is said that you must read much, not many things.) Later, this idea derived the shortened expression: Non multa, sed multum. It is often quoted in the version Little, but good. To catch somebody redhanded, when he makes a mistake. When Alexandru Ioan Cuza was the Prince of Moldavia, he used to travel incognito just to see if the laws were obeyed. About the merchants who did not respect a measuring unit, it was said that they were caught with Cuzas pint. Everything flows, all things change. Formula that summarises Heraclits dialectic idea on movement, as the basic concept of the continual movement of the universe. 29

OCAUA LUI CUZA (< rom.)

A prinde cu ocaua mic, a prinde pe cineva cu o nelciune. n vremea domniei sale, Alexandru Ioan Cuza umbla deghizat pentru a-i da seama de felul cum se respect legile. Despre negustorii care nu nerespectau unitatea de msur, se spunea c sunt prini cu ocaua lui Cuza. Toate curg; devenirea. Formul prin care a fost transmis posteritii concepia dialectic a lui Heraclit asupra micrii, ca schimbare nencetat a universului.

PANTA RHEI

PRCELE

Soart, destin, ursit. Vechii greci considerau c viaa omului e n mna a trei zeiti, numite Prce. Una dintre ele era Clotho, care ine firul vieii, alta, Lakhesis, l deapn, i a treia, Atropos, care, cu fatalul ei foarfece, l taie. n literatur, Prcele mai sunt cunoscute prin perifrazele: fiicele Nopii, fiicele Destinului, fiicele lui Acheron (adic ale Infernului). ncepnd cu Herodot (secolul al V-lea .Ch.), s-a vorbit despre o pasre care tria n deerturile Arabiei, unic n felul ei, de mrimea unui vultur, cu penele aurii n jurul gtului, strlucind ca un colier lng celelalte de culoare purpurei. Fabuloasa pasre, dup o via de aproximativ cinci sute de ani, simindu-i sfritul aproape, i fcu un cuib de rmurele rinoase, ce se aprind uor, se expuse la soarele arztor al pustiului, se mistui ca pe un rug i apoi, din propria cenu, se nscu alt Phoenix. De-a lungul timpului, pasrea

Fate, destiny, doom. The ancient Greeks considered mans life to be in the hand of three deities called Parcae. One was Clotho, and she held the thread of life, another was Lakhesis who reeled it on, the third one was Atropos who, with her fated scissors, cut it. In literature, the Parcae are also known as the daughters of the Night, the daughters of Destiny, the daughters of Acheron (of Hell). Beginning with Herodot (Vth century B.C.), there have been legends about a bird that lived in yhe deserts of Arabia. It was one of a kind, the size of an eagle, with golden feathers around its neck, glowing like a necklace among the crimson ones. The fabulous bird, after a life of about five hundred years, feeling its end close, made itself a nest of resinous twigs, that kindle easily. It exposed itself to the blazing sun ot the desert and it burned up on a bonfire. And from its own ash, another Phoenix came to life. 30

PASREA PHOENIX

Phoenix a cptat semnificaie metaforic, sugernd ceva ce dispare spre a reaprea, devenind astfel un simbol al rennoirii venice. Passim

PATUL LUI PROCUST

In time, the Phoenix acquired a metaphorical meaning, implying something that disappears in order to reappear, thus becoming a symbol of eternal renewal. Ici i colo. Here and there Se folosete spre a preciza c It is used to state that the tema respectiv revine ici i respective theme becomes colo, n toat lucrarea. recurent here and there, in the entire work. Expresia i are originea ntr-o The idiom has its origin in a legend greac. Greek legend. Procust (sau Procrust) este Procrustes is the name of a numele unui tlhar, originar din robber, native of Atica (a Atica (regiune a Greciei), district of Greece), gifted with nzestrat cu o for de excepie, an exceptional force, who care ataca drumeii ntre Atena attacked travellers beween i Megara. Acesta devenise Athens and Megara. He had vestit pentru modul su become famous for his diabolic de a-i chinui fiendish way of tormenting his victimele: dou paturi unul victims: two beds one big mare i altul mic erau and another small were the instrumentele de tortur. Dac torture instruments. If the trupurile victimelor erau prea bodies of the victims were too lungi, Procust le reteza long, Procust would cut their picioarele, astfel nct s legs so they could fit in the ncap pe patul cel mic; dac small bed; if the victims were victimele erau oameni scunzi, too short, he would pull them acesta i trgea pn atingeau until they reached the lenght lungimea patului mare, of the large bed, wresting their scondu-le picioarele din legs out of the hips. Theseus ncheieturi. Teseu l-a ucis pe killed the robber through the 31

tlhar prin acelai procedeu. Expresia Patul lui Procust ilustreaz mutilrile ce se aduc unor opere literare, de a ncpea n tiparul voit sau pentru a indica constrngeri nefireti. n literatura romn, expresia a fost folosit de Camil Petrescu pentru romanul care poart numele Patul lui Procust. PNZA PENELOPEI Pnza Penelopei este o expresie provenit din mitologia greac, i anume din ,,Odiseea. Ea semnific modalitatea de a face s treac timpul. n mitologia greac, n urma unor nenelegeri ntre zei, a izbucnit rzboiul troian. mpreun cu Ahile, Ulise a plecat i el n rzboi. n drumul de ntoarcere ctre Itaca, Ulise trece prin multe peripeii, aproape douzeci de ani. n jurul Penelopei, soia acestuia, s-au adunat foarte muli pretendeni la mna ei, creznd c Ulise este mort. Vznd c acetia nu renun, trind sperana c soul ei se va ntoarce, Penelopa, pentru

same procedure. The idiom Procrustess bed reflects the mutilations brought to literature works, in order to fit in the wanted norm or to indicate unnatural constraints. In Romanian literature, the expession was used by Camil Petrescu to give the title to his novel Procrustess Bed. Penelopes cloth it is an expression from Greek mythology, in The Odyssey. It means to make time pass. In Greek mythology, because of a misunderstanding between gods, the war of Troy broke out. Ulysses went, together with Achilles, to fight in this war. On his way back to Ithaca, his homeland, which lasted for almost twenty years, Ulysses passed through many adventures. Because he did not arrive in time, the people considered him dead, and a lot of men asked his wife, Penelope, to marry them. Because she did not think that her husband was dead and because the men did not stop 32

a-i pcli pe curtezani, le-a spus c se va apuca s eas o pnz, iar cnd o va termina se va mrita cu unul dintre ei. Numai c ceea ce esea ziua, destrma n timpul nopii. Astfel, ea a reuit s-i pcleasc, pn la venirea lui Ulise. Gestul Penelopei simbolizeaz credin, rbdare i speran. PERSONA GRATA (NONGRATA) (< lat.) Persoan dorit (nedorit, indezirabil, renegat). Expresie folosit n limbajul diplomatic, prin care se arat c reprezentantul diplomatic al unei ri strine este acceptat pentru acreditarea lui sau dimpotriv este indezirabil. n vorbirea curent, poate desemna o persoan binevenit, simpatizat sau una nedorit. Prima ediie a unei cri. Preudonim. Nume fictiv pe care l adopt mai ales scriitorii, artitii etc. Unul n locul altuia.

asking her to become their wife, Penelope, to fool them, said that she would weave a cloth, and when she finished it, she would marry one of them. But what she was weaving during the day, she was unweaving during the night. This way, she managed to fool them, until Ulysses returned. This gesture means faith, patience and hope. Wanted person (unwanted, unwelcome, renegade). Idiom used in policically correct language, that shows that the accreditation of a diplomatic representative of a foreign country is accepted or, on the contrary, is rejected. In common speech, it can designate a welcome, pleasant, or an unwanted person. The first edition of a book Pseudonym. Fictitious name adopted often by writers, artists etc. One in the place of another. 33

PRINCEPS (< lat.) pseud. (< fr., gr.) QUID PRO

QUOD (< lat.)

Confuzie, eroare, deviere de la datele reale ale unei discuii sau probleme prin substituire de termeni. Forma quiproquo (fr.) indic un artificiu folosit n teatru. Pasre rar. (Iuvenal, Satirae) Poetul se refer la Lucreiu i la Penelopa. Caracterizarea se aplic oricrei fpturi sau prezene excepionale, avnd i nelesul de ceva deosebit de rar i greu de gsit. Odihn. n cultul romano-catolic este o rugciune pentru mori. Denumete i o compoziie muzical pentru soliti, cor i orchestr, alctuit din mai multe pri, scris pe textul acestei rugciuni. Repetiia este mama nvturii. Este un precept profesoral din limba latin. Acest dicton i-a fost atribuit lui Quintilian, care a condus cele mai vestite coli din Roma. n context, se folosete pentru a sublinia valoarea repetiiei

RARA AVIS (IN TERRIS) (< lat.)

RECVIEM (< lat.)

Confusion, error, diversion from the real data of a discussion or a problem by substitution of terms. The form quiproquo (fr.) indicates a technique used in drama. Rare bird. The poet refers to Lucretio and Penelope. The reference is applied to any being or exceptional presence, also having the meaning of something extremely rare and hard to find.. Rest. In the Roman-Catholic cult it is a prayer for the dead. It also denominates a musical genre for soloists, choir and orchestra, consisting of several parts, based on the text of that prayer. Repetition is the mother of learning. It is a tutorial precept in Latin. This adage is attributed to Quintilian, who was the head of the most famous schools in Rome. In context, it is used to underline the value of 34

REPETITIO EST MATER STUDIORUM (< lat.)

pentru consolidarea i fixarea cunotinelor, asigurnd temeinicia celor studiate. RESTITUTIO IN INTEGRUM (< lat.) Reparaie integral. Repunerea unei persoane n starea anterioar unui fapt juridic care i-a lezat un drept. n sens generic, semnific repararea total a unor prejudicii materiale sau morale aduse cuiva. Astfel, aa, ntocmai. Este un cuvnt care se aez, de obicei, ntre paranteze, n mijlocul sau la sfritul unui citat. Prin folosirea acestui termen se arat c reproducerea este strict textual, cu toate particularitile ei. Fr zi stabilit, fr un termen fixat. (Exemplu: S-a stabilit o amnare sine die.) Fr de care nu se poate. Unic, n felul su. ters cu buretele; ceva ce nu

repetition in consolidating knowledge, ensuring the solidity of study. Integral repair. Re-setting somebody in the status previous to a judicial fact which had treached upon his / her rights. In the generic meaning, it signifies the total moral or material repair made to somebody. Thus, so, thereby, even. It is a word placed usually in brackets in the middle or at the end of a quotation. By using this term, it is shown that the reproduction is exact, in all its peculiarities.

Sic (< lat.)

SINE DIE (< lat.)

Without a foregone day, without a stated deadline. (E.g.: It has been established a sine die reprieve.) Indispensable, impossible to manage without. Unique, in its own way. Wiped out with the sponge; 35

SINE QUA NON (lat.) sui generis TABULA RASA

mai e luat n seam. n antichitate, se scria pe tblie cerate, putnd terge, la nevoie, cele scrise. Filosoful englez John Locke a pus n circulaie expresia ce arat c omul vine pe lume cu o minte tabula rasa (foaie nescris), pe care se imprim apoi cunotinele cptate prin educaie i prin traiul n societate.3 A face tabula rasa, n sens curent, nseamn a terge cu buretele trecutul, a o lua de la nceput.

something that is ignored. In Antiquity, people wrote on waxed slates, thus having the possibility to erase what had been written. The English philosopher John Locke came up with this idiom that says that man comes into the world with a mind tabula rasa (blank sheet), on which knowledge acquiered through education and living in a society4 is imprinted. To make something tabula rasa, in the common sense of the expression, means to erase the past with a sponge and start all over again. Bygone days. The entire world acts. (The motto on the frontispiece of the Globus Theatre in London.) All is vanity; vanity and a striving after wind. The words are encountered mostly in Latin. They come from Hebrew and with them begins a book from The Bible,

TEMPI PASSATI TOTUS MUNDUS AGIT HISTRIONEM. VANITAS VANITATUM ET OMNIA VANITAS (< lat.)

Timpuri trecute. ntreaga lume joac teatru. (Deviza de pe frontispiciul teatrului Globus din Londra) Deertciunea deertciunilor, totul este deertciune. Cuvintele se ntlnesc mai ales n limba latin. Acestea vin din ebraic i cu ele ncepe cartea din Biblie, cunoscut sub

3 4

John Locke, Eseu asupra intelectului omenesc, 1690 John Locke,

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numele de Eclesiastul (1, 2). Cartea a fost atribuit lui Solomon, dar s-a constatat c aceasta nu-i aparine; adevratul autor rmnnd anonim. n sensul nvechit, s-au pstrat ca refleciile unui sceptic n pragul sinuciderii, care nu descoper nimic interesant n via. n sens modern, ele servesc pentru a caracteriza aciuni, iniiative sau lucrri care, n final, se dovedesc a fi zadarnice.

known as The Ecclesiast (1, 2). The book has been ascribed to Solomon, but it has been found that it does not belong to him, the true author remaining anonymus. In the obsolete meaning, they have been kept as the reflection of a sceptic on the verge of committing suicide, who does not discover anything worth living for in life. In the modern meaning, the idiom serves to characterise actions, initiatives or works that, finally, prove themselves to be in vain. I have come, I have seen, I have won. In the year 47 B.C., Caesar, defeating Franace, the king of Pont, sent Matius, his most devoted friend, a letter containing only three words: Veni, vidi, vici! Plutarh mentiones in The Parallel Lives that Caesar did not hastely write the text, but deliberately wrote those three words, in order to underline the swiftness of the action and 37

VENI, VIDI, VICI! (< lat.)

Am venit, am vzut, am nvins! n anul 47 . Ch., Cezar, nvingndu-l pe Franace, regele Pontului, a trimis lui Matius, cel mai devotat prieten al su, o scrisoare cu numai trei cuvinte: Veni, vidi, vici!. Plutarh menioneaz n Vieile paralele c Cezar n-a alctuit textul n grab, ci intenionat a scris cele trei cuvinte, spre a sublinia astfel iueala i timpul scurt n care s-a desfurat lupta.

Ulterior, mesajul celebru prin conciziunea sa a devenit o expresie universal, ce poate caracteriza un succes obinut foarte repede. VERBA DOCENT, EXEMPLA TRAHUNT. (< lat.) VOX POPULI, VOX DEI. Cuvintele ne nva, exemplele ne conving.

the short time the battle lasted. Consequently, the famous message became a universal idiom which can characterise a success attained very quickly. Words teach us, examples convince us.

Vocea poporului (e) vocea lui Dumnezeu. Consensul general este cel ce confer valoare de adevr, de justee unei atitudini sau opinii.

The voice of the people (is) the voice of God. The general consensus is what validates the accuracy of an attitude or of an opinion.

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