( 60 ) 2549

The Journal of Industrial Technology, Vol. 2, Special Issue

(The 60th Anniversary Celebration of His Majestys Accession to the Throne), August 2006

SCC AISI 304

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Welded AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

1
1.

AISI 304() SUS 304 ()

(-phase)
Mo
(AISI 316) Pitting Cr
Ni (AISI 309, 310)
(304L, 316L )
(Cr23C6)
SCC
304

Cl-, S-, OH

SCC
SCC

(Corrosion)
/
(Corroded) ,
(Degradation) PVC
, (Wearing)

AISI304 ()
SUS304 ()

SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking)

(Failure)
SCC
SCC
(Brittle
Fracture)

(Heat Affected Zone: HAZ)
(Fusion Welding)
Shielded Metal Arc Welding: SMAW, Tungsten Inert Gas: TIG,
Metal Inert Gas: MIG

2000oC

2.

20-30%
(Cr2O3)



1

1 AISI 304
304

, , ,

101

( 60 ) 2549
The Journal of Industrial Technology, Vol. 2, Special Issue
(The 60th Anniversary Celebration of His Majestys Accession to the Throne), August 2006

Fe-Cr-Ni
(Wrought
Products)
Cr/Ni 1.95
-Ferrite + Austenite(FA mode) Ferrite Austenite ( 304
308 ) Cr/Ni 1.45
Austenite + -Ferrite(AF mode)
Austenite Ferrite ( 310
308 ) 304 C 0.8%
304 308, 316 309

FA mode ()

() S P S P

S P

S P 1000oC
(1450oC)

8-9%

AISI 304
(Wrought Products)
(Solid solution) S, P
( FeS)

FA mode (HAZ)
1350oC
815oC - 426oC
(Cr23C6)
-
Cathode Anode
Electrochemical cell Electrolyte

2.1

1 S P (),
()
S (wt pct)
P (wt pct)

In Ferrite
0.18
2.8

In Austenite()
0.05
0.25

2.2

2 Fe-Cr-Ni
Cr Ni

Cr23C6

4 (Cr23C6)
(HAZ)

(Hot-cracking)
() 5-15% ()
S P ()
()

102

3.

( 60 ) 2549
The Journal of Industrial Technology, Vol. 2, Special Issue
(The 60th Anniversary Celebration of His Majestys Accession to the Throne), August 2006

2 SCC

SCC
Halogen

SCC

SCC /
(Specific ions or Substance) +
(Residual stress) /
(Sensitized)

- Fluoride ions(Room
Temperature: RT)
- Halides in aqueous
solution(hot)
Oxygen (S, Se, Te
system)
- Polythionic acids
(H2SnO6) (RT)
Nitrogen
- Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Arsenic, Antimony, and
Bismuth as alloying species
in metal (RT)
Oxygen (H2O, O2, H2
system)
- O2 dissolved in liquid H2O
(300oC)
- Hydroxides (LiOH,
NaOH, KOH) > 100oC

5 SCC
SCC
(Brittle Fracture)

- Sensitized austenitic
stainless steel

- Austenitic stainless steel

- Sensitized austenitic
stainless steel
- Sensitized Inconel 600
- Stainless steels (in presence
of Cl-)
- Cupper alloys (in presence
of aerated aqueous NH3)
accelerated cracking
- Sensitized austenitic
stainless steel
- Carbon steel, Fe-Cr-Ni
alloys (caustic cracking)

3.1

SCC
SCC
(Passive film)
Cl-

(Electrolyte)

SCC

(NH3)

7 SCC
6 SCC

103

( 60 ) 2549
The Journal of Industrial Technology, Vol. 2, Special Issue
(The 60th Anniversary Celebration of His Majestys Accession to the Throne), August 2006

SCC
NH3 SCC

8 MIG U-Bend
MgCl2 (42%)
142oC 500


(Atomic hydrogen)

10 Scanning Electron Microscope: SEM

(Fracture surface) SUS 304
SCC ( 8)

SCC
SCC

+
(10 ppm)

SCC


- Chloride cracking SCC
(Cl-)
SCC
- Caustic cracking
Caustic soda ( NaOH)
- Oxygen cracking SCC

- Sulfide cracking SCC

(H2S)

9 SCC

104

4.

( 60 ) 2549
The Journal of Industrial Technology, Vol. 2, Special Issue
(The 60th Anniversary Celebration of His Majestys Accession to the Throne), August 2006

SCC

Pitting SCC

100



4.1 ASTM G36

(Specimen)
MgCl2 45%

o
15510 C 1000

(Wrought) (Cast) (Weld)

12 C-ring
NaCl ()
5.

SCC

SCC

5.1

(Threshold Stress)

1100-1200oF(550-650oC)

o
1500-1700 F(816-927oC)

11 U-bend MgCl2
15510oC
4.2 ASTM G35

Polythionic (H2SnO6) H2S
n 2 5

SCC
(Intergranular SCC)

5.2

/
, (Cl-)
(S-)

4.3 TM-01-77

5.3

SCC
AISI 304 Inconel (Nickel
alloy)
SCC
AISI 304
SCC
(Heat
Exchanger)

National Association of Corrosion

Engineers: NACE
H2S
4.4 ASTM G85 The Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Test
ASTM B368 The Copper-accelerated Acetic Salt Spray
(Fog) Test: CASS Test

Passive

105

( 60 ) 2549
The Journal of Industrial Technology, Vol. 2, Special Issue
(The 60th Anniversary Celebration of His Majestys Accession to the Throne), August 2006

304

(Coating)

5.6

5.4

(Cathodic Protection)
(Anode)
(Cathode)

(Hydrogen Embitterment)

(Short Peening)
(Compressive Stress)
(Tensile Stress)
( 1/1000)
AISI 316
60oC SCC
AISI
316 4

5.7

5.5

(Corrosion Inhibitor)

SCC

Pitting

[1] , SCC

SUS 304,
[2] Sedriks A.J., 1979, Corrosion of Stainless Steels,
New York, John Wiley and Sons,pp139-173

[3] Fontana M.G., 1987, Corrosion Engineering, Mc

Graw- Hill,pp63-191

[4] American Society for Metals, 1987, Metals

Handbook Volume 13, Ohio, ASM,pp145-189

[5] Yoshihiko Mukai and Masato Murata, April 1984,

Mechanism of Stress Corrosion Cracking in SUS 304
Duplex Weld Metal Tokyo, Transactions of the Japan
Welding Society, Vol. 15 No.1 pp. 57-63
[6] R.N. Parkins, Current Understanding of Stress
Corrosion Cracking, Journal of Metal, December
1992

106