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Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013)
M.E. Scholar, 2,3Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, PIIT, New Panvel, Mumbai University A two wheeled type in-pipe mini-robot was proposed which is based on the linkage mechanisms [4]. A sewer pipe inspection robot was developed which can move into the straight pipe without any intelligence of the controller or sensor information [5, 6]. A semi-autonomous robot that can investigates sewer pipes were proposed [7]. The robot can detect and rate defects automatically using artificial intelligence techniques. A robot that was able to move in a pipe filled with water was developed by using a caterpillar [8]. It can move only in the pipe horizontally arranged. A pipe inspection robot was proposed which is based on a helical motion of the driving body [9]. The robot uses wheeled structures on elastic suspension. With a considerable history behind the development of robotics, in-pipe robots can be classified in to seven different subcategories, based on their applications. These are named as pig type robot (figure. a), wheel type robot (figure. b), caterpillar type robot (figure. c), wall press robot (figure. d), walking type robot (figure. e), inchworm type robot (figure. f) and screw type robot.
Abstract- Robots are used to remove human being from laborious and dangerous work. This project describes an inpipe inspection robot. This robot consist of a fore leg system, a rear leg system and a body. The fore and rear leg systems are constructed by using three worm gear system that are arranged at an angle of 120 degree with respect to each other to operate inside a pipe of different diameters. The springs are attached to each leg and the robot body to operate in pipes of 140mm to 200mm diameter range. Here, all major components of robot are designed. Modelling and assembly of robot components is done in Solidworks 11. Stress analysis of all major components is done in Solidworks 11 and Static stress analysis of proposed in-pipe inspection robot assembly is carried out in Ansys 13. This robot is used for offline visual inspection of gas pipelines, water pipelines and drain pipes etc. This robot also has wide applications in chemical industries as well as in gulf countries for inspection of oil and gas pipelines. Keywords- Ansys13, In-pipe robot, mechanism, pipe inspection, Solidworks 11, worm gear.
I. INTRODUCTION Many kinds of pipes are being utilized to construct important lifelines such as water and gas supply in our contemporary society. Also pipes are widely used in chemical industries and in gulf countries for carrying petrol, diesel, oil etc. But after some years these pipes get damaged and defects are occurring in pipe. If the defects in the pipe are caused by rust and nature calamity, it is difficult to find out the defects and the place of the defects, and also there is great amount of loss. Thus scheduled inspection must be done. If we decide to do this inspection manually then large amount of time, effort and labour is necessary to grub up the pipes that are buried in the ground. If the robot can inspect inside the pipes, fast and accurate examination will be able to be done at low cost. There are several types of pipe inspection robots some are in-pipe inspection robot and some are out-pipe inspection robot. A wheel type in-pipe robot was proposed for the inspection of urban gas pipelines with a nominal 8in and a 4-in diameter [2]. A mobile inspection robot was developed which can move by itself on a feeder pipe by using an inch worm mechanism [3]. The mobile inspection robot is constructed by two gripper body that can fix its body on to the pipe. 120
An in-pipe inspection robot has been designed that can deal with many kinds of pipes with various diameters such as plastic pipes or metallic pipes which are in horizontal or vertical manner only. The pipe inspection robot is composed of body, fore leg system, rear leg system and springs. Three legs of each leg system are arranged at an angle of 120 degrees to each other to move inside various pipe diameters. By using spring it is able to move freely inside pipes of different diameters. A CCD camera is installed on front part of the fore leg system to do visual inspection of pipe.
Total load on robot = 47.5N Power required to robot to carry weight of 47.5 N with 0.1388 m/s speed is, P=Wv = 47.5 0.1388 P = 6.593 watts. In worst case if only one motor is working then it has to give total power. Power required to two DC motors to drive the robot is, Prequired = 2 6.593 Prequired = 13.188 watts If a motor of 12v & 1 amp current is selected then power provided by two motors is, Pprovided = 19.2 watts here, Pprovided > Prequired .. hence ok. So, select two DC motors of 12v, 1 amp current & 400rpm each. B. Design of Motor Shaft Step I: Material selection & Calculation of motor shaft Material: C45
For inspection, robot is put into pipe. When electric supply starts, robot covers distance equal to perimeter of robot wheel and then it get stop. The ultrasonic sensor detects the cracks and damages in the pipe and it gives wireless data to computer. In this way we get size and location of crack from starting point on display screen of computer. During crack detection process, CCD camera does visual inspection of pipe and it gives an image of robot path in each crack detection cycle.
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Correction of gear: No correction. i.e. X1 = X2 = 0 Step II: Material selection: Worm: steel (40 Ni 2Cr 1Mo28) or C45 Worm Wheel: Bronze Design stress ( b) is, For C45, [b]w = 1400 kgf/cm2 For bronze and sand casting & rotation in one direction only, [b]ww = 500 kgf/cm2 [b]w Yvw = 1400 0.4549 = 636.86 kgf/cm2 & [b]ww Yvww = 500 0.2854 = 142.7 kgf/cm2 Here, [b]ww Yvww < [b]w Yvw i.e. Worm Wheel is weaker element. Worm Wheel should be designed. Step III: Checking for bending Bending stress (b) is, b = For addendum modification coefficient X = 0 & z v = 14.4571 14 Yv = 0.33 b = b = 90.03313 kgf/cm2 kgf/cm2hence design is safe. b = 9.0033 N/mm2 Step IV: Check for Fd, Fs & Fw Dynamic load (Fd ): Fd = Ft Cv where, Ft = tangential force (kgf) Cv = Barth velocity factor Cv = Vmg = d2 = mxz = 1.25 12 d2 = 15 mm = 0.015 m Vmg = Vmg= 0.1041 m/s Now, [b]= 500
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION In order to confirm the effectiveness of the mechanism of the pipe inspection robot, movement of robot for two different diameters is conducted in horizontal and vertical pipe in Solidworks 11. . A. Horizontal movement Using the pipe inspection robot, motion of robot in forwards and backwards direction inside the pipe that was laid horizontally is done in solidworks 11. So, the horizontal movement of the robot is achieved as shown in figure 5.
B. Vertical movement The vertically upward and downward motions of robot are conducted in Solidworks 11. In this way a vertical movement of robot is achieved which is shown in figure 6.
The static stress analysis result of robot assembly is shown in figure and results are satisfactory. V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE An in-pipe inspection robot has been designed which is able to move freely inside pipes with a different diameter. Mechanical design of all robot components is safely done. Modelling and assembly of robot component is done in Solidworks 11. Stress analysis of major components of robot is separately carried out in Solidworks 11. Stress analysis result is matching with analytical result and both values are less than permissible values.
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