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Cong Congsuat Dlbaotoancong
Cong Congsuat Dlbaotoancong
nh ngha n v - c im
1. nh ngha: Cng ca lc F trn on ng S l i lng A o bng tch
s
F
A = F.S.cos
F: lc tc dng (N)
cos > 0
cos = 0
A < 0 cng ca lc cn
3. n v
Cng c o bng Jun (J)
1J = 1N . 1m
III.
Cng sut
1. nh ngha: Cng sut l i lng c o bng thng s gia cng A
v thi gian thc hin cng y
N= P
2. n v:
A
= t
Watt (w)
1J
1w =
1s
1KW = 1000W
1KWh = 3,6.106 J
IV.
V.
AP = mgh
B
2
g: gia tc ri t do (m/s )
h: khong cch thng ng gia im u v im cui (m)
AP < 0 vt i t di ln
2. Cng ca lc n hi
AF = - k x2
v
Fms
k: cng ca vt n hi
x: bin dng ca vt n hi (m)
3. Cng ca lc ma st
AFms = - Fms. S = -k.N.S
(Cng cn)
Aft ng = Acn
-
A
A
<1
A: Cng c ch
B. BI TP
Dng 1: Tnh cng v cng sut
Bi 1: Mt chic trc thng khi lng m = 3 tn, bay ln thng u vi vn tc 54
km/h. Tnh cng do lc nng thc hin trong 1 pht. B qua lc cn khng kh.
Gii:
Lc tc dng ln trc thng: Trng lc P, lc nng F do khng kh tc dng ln cnh
qut (coi nh hng ln)
Trc thng i ln u
ln
P + F =O
Fk
Ox
Fms
y
P
(1)
NP=0
N = P = mg
Fk = ma + Fms
202 - 0
2.100
= 2 m/s2
N F1 P = 0
N = P + F1 = mg + F sin 300
0
)
Fms
P
F1 khng sinh cng
x
F
st
0,1.1/2
cos30 k sin30
3
2
Vy cng ti thiu A = F. S. cos 300 = 122,6. 10. 3 = 1061,7 (J)
2
F
b. Nu ko th p lc nh hn trng lc: mg
) 300
Lp lun tng t ta c:
N = mg F sin300
kgm
V F =
cos300 k sin300
= 109,2N
A = 109,2.10. 3
2
Cng t ko c li hn y.
Cng ti thiu
= 945,7 J
AP = mgh
AF = -1/2 k x2
AFms = - Fms.s = - k.N.S
+ Khng ma st A ng = - A cn
+ C ma st A c ch = H.A tonphn
Bi 1: Mt qu cu khi lng m = 100g treo u 1 si dy di thng ng ri bung
cho qu cu chuyn ng trn. Tnh cng ca cc lc c hc tc dng ln qu cu
t lc bt u chuyn ng n lc qu cu xung thp nht.
Gii:
Lc tc dng ln qu cu khi chuyn ng l Trng lc P v lc cng T
O
v ) nn cng ca lc cng T l AT = 0
H
I
P
Bi 2: Mt ngi ko 1 lc k, s ch ca lc k l 400N, cng ca l xo lc k l 1000
N/m. Tnh cng do ngi thc hin.
Gii:
gin ca l xo lc k khi ngi ko:
F
400
= 1000 = 0,4 m
k
Cng ca lc n hi ca l xo
F = k.x
x =
100.100
60
t = 2.30 = 60s
C. BI TP T LUYN
Bi 1: Tnh cng ca trng lc lm 1 vt khi lng 10 kg ri t do trong cc giy th nht,
th nh, th 3. (g = 9,8 m/s2)
Bi 2: Tnh cng cu thc hin ko 1 vt c khi lng m = 100kg t chn ln nh 1
mt phng nghing di 5m. Nghing gc 300 so vi ng nm ngang. H s ma st l k =
0,01.Lc ko song song vi mt phng nghing. Ly g = 10 m/s2. Xt 2 trng hp:
a. Ko u
b. Ko nhanh dn u trong 2 giy
Bi 3: Vt c ko chuyn ng thng u trn mt phng ngang nh lc F = 20N, gc
= 300 nh hnh v. Tnh cng ca lc ko, cng ca trng lc v lc n hi ca mt sn
trn qung ng S = 2m. Suy ra cng ca lc ma st
F
)
V = 200m/s
m = 20 T
vk = 500m/s
V = ?
a. vk ngc chiu V
b. vk cng chiu V
Gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng
MV = (M - m)V + mv
v: Vn tc ca kh i vi t. Theo cng thc cng vn tc
Ta c:
= vk + V
MV = (M - m) V + m (vk + V)
Chuyn sang dng i s: MV = (M - m) V + m (vk + V)
(M-m)V m vk
V =
M-m
a. vk ngc chiu V
Nu chn chiu dng ca trc to cng chiu ca V th V > 0; vk < 0
V =
(100-20)200 + 20.500
100 20
= 325 m/s
m1v1
m1 + m2
390.8
= 390 + 10
= 7,8 m/s
Bi 3:
m = 20 kg
v = 15m/s
m1 = 8kg
p2
v1 = 26,5 m/s
= 450
p1
v2 = ?
=?
Gii:
ng lng ca c vin n v mnh 1
p = m.v = 20.15 = 300 kg m/s
p1 = m1v1 = 8.26,5 = 212 kg m/s
V ABC m AB = p = 300
AC = p1 = 212
V AC hp AB 1 gc 450
Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng
p = p1 + p 2
p1
212
Ta c:
= 300 = 0,7
p
= cos 450
p2
m2
p2 = p1 = 212 kg m/s
212
= 17,7 m/s
20.8
p2)