Presenter

SprinklerSpacing andLocation
March 5, 2013
National Fire Sprinkler Association 2013

RolandAsp ManagerofTechnicalServices
asp@nfsa.org

RolandAsp ManagerofTechnicalServices
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AIACESProgram#:NFSATV1113 Provider#:G131 1.5LU/HSW

NationalFireSprinklerAssociation isaRegistered ProviderwithTheAmerican InstituteofArchitects ContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES).Credit(s) earnedoncompletion ofthisprogramwillbereportedtoAIA/CES forAIA members.Certificates ofCompletion forbothAIAmembers andnonAIA membersareavailable uponrequest. Thisprogramisregistered withAIA/CES forcontinuingprofessional education. Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontent that maybedeemed orconstruedto beanapprovalorendorsement bytheAIAofanymaterial ofconstruction oranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing, ordealinginany material orproduct. Questionsrelated tospecificmaterials, methods, andserviceswillbe addressedattheconclusionofthispresentation
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CopyrightMaterials
ThispresentationisprotectedbyUSand InternationalCopyrightlaws. Reproduction,distribution,displayanduseof thepresentationwithoutwrittenpermissionof TheNationalFireSprinklerAssociationis prohibited.

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ProgramDescription
Therulesfordeterminingacceptable spacingforspraysprinklerswillbe reviewed.Thisincludespendent, uprightandsidewallstyles. styles Maximum andminimumdistancesbetween sprinklersandthosefromsprinklersto wallswillbecoveredalongwiththe calculationofallowablecoverageareas persprinkler.
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ReferenceMaterials
2ndEdition,Layout,Detail,and CalculationofFireSprinklerSystems, KennethE.Isman,P.E 2013EditionofNFPA13

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LearningObjectives
At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

Whatspacesinabuildinggetsprinklers?
Everyspaceinabuildingunless thereisaspecificexceptionthat allowssprinklerstobeomitted. Sprinklerscanbeomittedfrom:
Furniture&Equipment Concealedspacesconstructedof noncombustibleandlimited combustiblematerial 16differentconcealedspacesmade ofcombustiblematerial OtherspacesasdiscussedNFPA13
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1. Employ the rules for determining acceptable spacing for spray sprinklers. 2. Apply the maximum and minimum distances between sprinklers. 3. Calculate the allowable coverage areas per sprinkler. 4. Apply the small room rule correctly.

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GeneralConsiderations
Heatrises sprinklershouldbe locatedclosetoceiling. Gravity waterfromthesprinkler needstoreachfire. Damage D sprinklers i kl should h ldb be locatedtoprotectfromphysical damage

Considerations
Ceilingconstruction Typeofsprinklerselected Minimumallowabledistancebetween sprinklers Placementofwallsandroomdividers Maximumallowabledistancesbetween sprinklers Hazardclassificationoftheoccupancy Obstructionstoheatflowand discharge Heatzonesnearheatsources
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CeilingConstruction
ObstructedorUnobstructed

ObstructedConstruction
Panelconstructionandother constructionwherebeams, trusses,orothermembers impedeheatfloworwater distributioninamannerthat materiallyaffectstheabilityof sprinklerstocontrolorsuppress afire.

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UnobstructedConstruction
Constructionwherebeams,trusses,or othermembersdonotimpedeheatflow orwaterdistributioninamannerthat materiallyaffectstheabilityofsprinklers tocontrolorsuppress afire. Horizontalstructuralmembersarenot solidandopeningsareatleast70% ofthe crosssectionareaandthedepthofthe memberdoesnotexceedtheleast dimensionoftheopening. Allconstructionwherethespacingof structuralmembersexceeds7.5ft on center.
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Sprinklers
Conventional Residential
Spray Sprinklers

Large Drop
Extended Coverage (See Listing)

ESFR

Standard Response Several Orifice Sizes

Quick Response Several Orifice Sizes

Quick Response Extended Coverage (See Listing)

This seminar will concentrate on standard response & quick response spray sprinklers

Extended Coverage Light Hazard

Extended Coverage Ordinary Hazard

SprinklerSpacing BasicRules
Upright,PendentandSidewall BasicRules
ProtectionAreaofSprinkler Maximumdistancebetweensprinklers Maximumdistancetoawall

RulesforUprightandPendentSpraySprinklers

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DeterminationofAreaofCoverageforEach Sprinkler(8.5.2.1)
Alongbranchlines
Chooselargerof
Distancebetweensprinklers Twicedistancetowallor obstruction L

SandLDimensionsaremeasuredtothe sprinklers,notthebranchlines

ThisdimensionisS S

Betweenbranchlines
Distancebetweenbranchlines Twicedistancetowallor obstruction

ThisdimensionisL

AreaofCoverage=AS =SxL
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DetermineAreaofCoverageforEachSprinkler
Spr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 S 10 12 12 10 12 12 L 10 10 10 12 12 12 AS 100 120 120 120 144 144

Minimumallowabledistancesbetweenstandard spraysprinklers(8.6.3.4.2) Minimumdistancebetween sprinklers:6ft Onlyappliestoceilingsprinklers (notinrack) Exceptionallowssprinklerstobe closerthan6ftifbafflesare installed.

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Maximumallowabledistancesbetweenstandard spraysprinklers(8.6.2.2.1) Maximumdistancebetween sprinklers:

LightandOrdinaryHazard15ft ExtraHazardandHighPiledStorage 12ft EHandHPOccupancieswith25ft bays,spacingof12ft6inchesis permitted EHandHPOccupancieswith densitieslessthan0.25gpm/sqft, spacingof15ftispermitted
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DistanceFromWalls

Minimum:4inchesfromwalls Maximum:oftheallowable distancebetweensprinklers Alsoseethesmallroomrule

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MeasuringDistancestoWalls
Measureperpendiculardistance betweensprinklerandwall (8.5.3.2.2).Thisisthedimension thatisnotallowedtoexceedthe allowable distancebetween sprinklers i kl

MeasuringDistancestoWalls
Forroomswithangleslessthen90, additionalrulethatthedistancefrom sprinklertocornermustnotexceed0.75 allowable distancebetweensprinklers (8.6.3.2.3)
S

S S

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MeasuringDistancestoWalls
Thedistancefromthewalltothe sprinklershallbemeasuredtothe wallbehindfurniture,suchas wardrobes,cabinets,andtrophy cases

MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(a)
Light Hazard(HydraulicallyCalculated) MaximumArea of CeilingConstruction CoverageperSprinkler
Noncombustible Unobstructed NoncombustibleObstructed NoncombustibleUnobstructed withno exposedmembers CombustibleUnobstructedwithexposed members3ftor moreoncenter CombustibleObstructedwithexposed members3ftormoreoncenter Combustible(ObstructedorUnobstructed) withmembers lessthan3ftoncenter Woodjoistortruss,specialatticrules 225sqft 225sqft 225sqft 225sqft 168sqft 130sqft 8ftx15ftor 10ftx12ft
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MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(a)
Forlighthazardoccupancypipe schedulesystems,themaximum areashallnotexceed200sqftper sprinkler

MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(b)
OrdinaryHazard MaximumAreaof CalculationMethod Coverageper Sprinkler All 130sqft

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MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(c)
ExtraHazard MaximumArea CalculationMethod ofCoverageper Sprinkler Pi S Pipe Schedule h d l 90sqft Hydraulically calculatedusing0.25 100sqft gpm/sq.ft.ormore Hydraulically calculatedusingless 130sq ft than0.25 gpm/sq.ft.
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MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(d)
HighPiledStorage CalculationMethod Hydraulicallycalculated using0.25gpm/sq.ft.or more Hydraulicallycalculated usinglessthan0.25 gpm/sq.ft. Maximum Areaof Coverageper Sprinkler 100sqft

130sq ft
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IsThisSpacingacceptableforOrdinaryHazard?
Spr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 S 10 12 12 10 12 12 L 12 10 10 12 12 12 AS 120 120 120 120 144 144

SmallRoomDefinition(3.3.21)
Roomwithinlighthazard occupancies Unobstructedconstruction Floorareasnotexceeding800sqft Eachwallcanhaveopeningswitha8 inchminimumlinteldepthandtotal widthnotexceeding8feet Singleopeningof3feetorless withoutalintelispermitted
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SmallRoomRule
Withinroomsoflighthazardoccupancies havingunobstructedconstructionand floorareasnotexceeding800sqft, sprinklersshallbepermittedtobelocated notmorethan9ftfromanysinglewall Distancesbetweensprinklersand maximumarealimitationsstillapply Theareapersprinklerisdefinedasthe totalareaoftheroomdividedbythetotal numberofsprinklersintheroom

SmallRoomRule

AS = 30 x 15 2 = 225 sq ft

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DeflectorDistancesBelowCeilings
UnobstructedConstruction(8.6.4.1.1.1)
112inchesbelowceiling

UnobstructedConstruction withTrussesandBarJoists

1-12

End View

Side View
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DeflectorDistancesBelowCeilings
StandardSpraySprinklers
ObstructedConstruction(8.6.4.1.2)
16inchesbelowstructuralmembers Notmorethan22inchesbelowceiling Seenextfewslidesforsomeexceptions

StandardSpraySprinklers ObstructedConstruction

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ExceptiontoObstructedConstructionRule
[8.6.4.1.2(2)]

ExceptiontoObstructedConstructionRule [8.6.4.1.2(3)]
Sprinklerscanbeinstalledineach bayofobstructedconstruction withdeflectors112inchesbelow theceiling

Sprinklers are allowed to be installed with deflectors at or above members where the distances meet section 8.6.5.1.2 (beam rule)
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ExceptiontoObstructedConstructionRule [8.6.4.1.2(4)]

ExceptiontoUnobstructedConstructionRule [8.6.4.1.2(5)]
Deflectorsofsprinklersunder concreteteeconstructionwithstems spacedlessthan7.5ftbutmorethan 3ftoncentershall(regardlessofthe depthofthetee)bepermittedtobe locatedatorabovetheplane1inch belowthebottomofthestemsof theteesandshallcomplywiththe beamrule

Sprinklersshallonlybepermitted1to6 belowcompositewoodjoiststoamax.22 belowceiling/roofwhere joistchannelsare firestoppedtothefulldepthofthejoists withmaterialequivalenttotheweb constructionsothattheindividualchannel areasdonotexceed300sqft.

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ConcreteTeesBetween3ftand7.5ftOnCenter

Skylights(8.5.7)
Sprinklersarenotrequiredinskylightsup to32sqftinarearegardlessofthedepth andregardlessofthehazardclassification oftheoccupancy Appliesregardlessofthetypeofsprinkler Ifthereismorethanoneskylightina compartment,theyneedtobeseparated bymorethan10ftinordertoutilizethis provision

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Ceilingpockets(8.6.7)
Sprinklerscanonlybeomittedfromceiling pocketswhenthefollowingaremet
Volumedoesnotexceed1000ft3 Depthofthepocketdoesnotexceed36in Floorspaceunderthepocketiscoveredby sprinklers i kl at tthe th lower l ceiling ili elevation l ti Totalsizeofallunprotectedpocketswithin10 ftofeachotherdoesnotexceed1000cubic feet Constructionisnoncombustibleorlimited combustiblefinish Quickresponsesprinklersareusedthroughout thecompartment
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UnsprinkleredCeilingPockets
Noncombustible or limited combustible construction Volume not to Exceed 1000 ft3 Quick response sprinklers completely protect floor area using spacing rules of NFPA 13

Not to exceed 3 ft

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CeilingPocketExample
Q Aresprinklersrequiredintheupperceilingarea iftheoccupancyislighthazardandthesprinklers areon15x15spacing?Assumeroomis20ft wideinthedimensionnotshown.
4 ft 7 ft 15 ft 2 ft ?

CeilingPocketExample
No,sprinklersarenotrequired:
3x4x20=240ft3
4 ft 7 ft 15 ft 2 ft

8 ft

11 ft

8 ft

11 ft

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Nonuniformceilings
Uprightandpendentstandard sprayandextendedcoverage sprinklers Thedistancefromthesprinklerto theceilingisrequiredtobe measuredovertheentireareaof coverageforthatsprinkler

Nonuniformceilings
Whereaceilingchangeselevationand thedifferencebetweenthesprinkler deflectoratthelowelevationandthe ceilingatthehighelevationislessthan orequalto3ft
Treatthehigherelevationasapocket;or Sprinklerignoringthechangeinelevation Sprinklersinupperelevationmustmeet obstructionrulesifprotectingspaceunder lowerceilingelevation

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Nonuniformceilings<36ft

Nonuniformceilings
Ifthechangeinelevationisgreater than3ft
Thehigherceilingelevationneeds tohaveitsownsprinklers;and The h place l where h the h elevation l i changesistreatedasawallforthe purposeofdeterminingsprinkler spacingandlocation

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Nonuniformceilings>36ft

Slopedceilings
Measuredistancebetween sprinklersalongslope Highestsprinklermustbe within3ftverticallyatthe peak Specialrulesforvery steeplypitchedroof Specialrulesforconcealed spaces(attics)

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Slopedceilings

Steeplypitchedroofs

Measure distance between sprinklers along slope Highest sprinkler 3 ft maximum from peak With steeply pitched roofs a sprinkler is permitted to be more then 3 ft from peak in order to maintain 2 ft clearance from structural members
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SprinklersUnderPitchedSurfaces
Distancesbetween sprinklersaremeasured alongtheslope Fordeterminingthe amountofwaternecessary tomeetthedensity/area requirements(hydraulic calculations),theprojected areaonthefloorshallbe used.

SpecialConcealedSpace(Attic)Rules
Ifconstructioniswoodjoistorwoodtruss;and Ifmembersarespacedlessthan3ftoncenter; and Ifroofslopeexceeds4in12.Then:
Maximumcoverageareapersprinkleris120sqft 8x15with8ftdimensionmeasuredperpendicular toslope;or 10x12(with10ftdimensionmeasured perpendiculartoslope)ifpressureisatleast20psi Sprinklernearbottom,minimum 5fttothe bottomofthespace Sprinklerwithin12inchesofpeak

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Sloped/ConcealedSpaceSprinklerSpacing

UnoccupiedAtticRules(8.6.2.2.1(a))
Choice 1 Choice 2

8 ft 10 ft

Plan View Plan View

Elevation View
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Elevation View
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SidewallSprinklers

SidewallSprinklers
Section8.4.2coverswherethe sprinklerscanbeused
LightHazardoccupancieswithflat, smooth,horizontalceilings LightHazardoccupancieswithflat, smooth, h sloped l dceilings ili OrdinaryHazardoccupancieswithflat smoothceilingswherespecificallylisted forsuchuse Protectbeneathoverheaddoorsinany occupancy

Section8.7coversinstallationrules
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DeterminationofAreaofCoveragefor EachSprinkler(8.7.2.1)
Alongthewall
Chooselargerof
Distancebetweensprinklers Twicedistancetowallorobstruction

StandardSidewallSprinklersTable8.7.2.2.1
LightHazard
Combustible Finish Between Sprinklers Room Width (singlerow) Maximum Area 14ft 12ft 120ft2 Noncombustible or Limited Combustible Finish 14ft 14ft 196ft2

ThisdimensionisS

Acrosstheroom
Distancetowalloppositesprinkler Midpointifsprinklersareon oppositewalls

ThisdimensionisL

AreaofCoverage=AS =SxL
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SidewallSprinklerExample

StandardSidewallSprinklersTable8.7.2.2.1
OrdinaryHazard
Combustible Finish B t Between Sprinklers Room Width (singlerow) MaximumArea 10ft 10ft 80ft2 Noncombustible or Limited Combustible Finish 10ft 10ft 100ft2

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Standard SidewallSprinkler
SpacingConsiderations
Sidewallsprinklersarenotallowedtobe installedbacktobackunlessprotected byacontinuouslintelorsoffit(8.7.3.1.4) Roomwidthcanbeincreasedto24ftin lighthazardand20ftinordinaryhazard withsidewallsprinklersontwoopposite walls(8.7.3.1.5) Sidewallsprinklersshallbepermittedto beinstalledonopposingoradjacent wallsaslongasnosprinkleriswithinthe maximumprotectionareaofanother (8.7.3.1.6)
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StandardSidewallSprinklerLocations
Deflectors46fromceiling unlessotherwiselisted. HorizontalS/W612or12 18 Installedathighpointofslope, slope pointingdownwithdeflector paralleltoslope Wheresoffitsaremorethan8 wide,anadditionalsprinkleris requiredbelowthesoffit
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TemperatureConsiderationsfor LocationofSprinklers
Ingeneral,useOrdinaryTemperature sprinklersaslongasceiling temperaturedoesnotexceed100F Usehighertemperaturesprinklersin thefollowing
Forambienttemperaturesover100F seeTable6.2.5.1 Forlocalheatsources,see8.3.2.5and Tables8.3.2.5(a) (c) SeeFigure8.3.2.5forHighTemperature ZoneandIntermediateTemperature Zonearoundunitheaters
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ObstructionstoSprinklers
Sprinklersneedtobe locatedfarenoughaway fromobstructionstomake surethatanyfireinthe compartment p iscontrolled orsuppressed
Familiarizeyourselfwiththe obstructionruleslocatedin Chapter8ofNFPA13

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Summary
1.Employtherulesfordetermining acceptablespacingforspraysprinklers. 2.Applythemaximumandminimum di t distances between b t sprinklers. i kl 3.Calculatetheallowablecoverageareas persprinkler. 4.Applythesmallroomrulecorrectly.

ThankYou
Questions? DontforgettodothequizforCEUcredit. NextTechTuesday:

March19,2013 SelectingSprinklers Basic JefferyM.Hugo,CBO RolandAsp ManagerofTechnicalServices NationalFireSprinklerAssociation asp@nfsa.org

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