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\y ]qÀÆw JpÀB\pw lZokpw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯n \w F§ns\ \½psS ssIfn h¶p F¶Xn\pw
b hnjbamWv kIm¯v AYhm \nÀ_\v[ Zm\w. F§ns\ hn\nabw sNbvXp F¶Xn\pw \mw {]
HcmÄ apkvenamIp¶tXmSp IqSn Xs³d PohnX tXyIw {]tXyIw D¯cw Is−t¯−XmWv.
¯ns³d FÃm taJebpw hnaeoIcn¡s¸tS− ]ctemI¯v \S¡m\ncn¡p¶ hnNmcWbn A`n
Xp−v F¶XmWv Ckvemans³d ImgvN¸mSv. AXn ) C{]
apJoIcn¡m\n¡p¶ tNmZy§fn \_n(
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]co£W (ImcW)§fp−v; Fs³d kapZmb¯n s¯¡pdn¨v AXv F§ns\ Xpe¨p, Ahs³d [\
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Nnehgn¨p, Ahs³d Adnhns\ kw_\v[n¨v AXp kIm¯v


sIm−v F´v {]hÀ¯n¨p F¶nhbmWh.''1
kIm¯v F¶ ]Z¯n\v hfÀ¨, A\p{Klw, ip
AXvsIm−v Ckvemanse \nÀ_\v-[Zm\amb kIm ²oIcWw hÀ²\hv Fs¶ms¡bmWv `mjmÀ
¯ns\ kw_\v[n¨pÅ Hcp kw£n]vX hnhcW °w.
amWv CXneqsS Dt±in¡p¶Xv. Ckvemans³d kmt¦XnImÀ° {]Imcw Xmsg ]d
sXÁpIÄ CÃmXncn¡m³ {i²n¨n«p−v. A_² bp¶ \nÀÆN\w \ÂImhp¶XmWv:
§Ä ImWp¶hÀ ktlmZc _p²ntbmsS Nq−n
¡mWn¡Wsa¶v DWÀ¯p¶p. AhtcmSv F¶pw "Nne \n_\v[\IÄ¡v hnt[bambn HcmfpsS [\
\µnbpÅh\mbncn¡pw. ¯n \n¶pw {]tXyIamb hn`mK§fn am{Xw
Nnehgn¡s¸tS−p¶ \nÀ_\v[Zm\w' F¶mWv.
CXns³d ]cntim[\bnepw aÁpw Fs¶ klm
bn¨ ]ecpap−v. AhÀ¡pw AÃmlp aXnbmb \_n()bpsS aZo\ PohnXImeL«¯n lnPvd
{]Xn^ew \ÂIs« F¶v {]mÀ°n¡p¶p. c−mw hÀjamWv kIm¯v \nÀ_\v[am¡s¸«Xv.
kIm¯ns\¡pdn¨v a\Ênem¡m\pw PohnX¯n Ckvemans³d {]XnPvRm {]Jym]\amb ilmZ
 ]IÀ¯phm\pw CXv {]tbmP\s¸SpamdmIs«. ¯v Iena AwKoIcn¨v apkvenamIp¶tXmSpIqSn
F¶v {]mÀ°n¨psIm−v \n§fpsS ssIIfnte \nÀÆln¡s¸tS−Xmb \akvImct¯mSp IqSn
¡v G¸n¡p¶p. ]S¨h³ k¡À½ambn CXv AÃmlp tNÀ¯p ]dªXmb hnjbamWv kIm
kzoIcn¡pamdmIs« (Bao³) ¯v F¶Xv Xs¶ AXns³d {]m[m\ys¯bmWv
hnfn¨dnbn¡p¶Xv.
A_vZpÂe¯o^v kpÃan amdt©cn,
CkvemanIv ssKU³kv sk³dÀ kpsse Hcp a\pjy³ {kjvSmhn\p th−n \nÀÆln¡p
dnbmZv, kuZn Atd_y 2414488/226. ¶ Bcm[\ItfmsSm¸w krjvSnItfmSpw ]qÀ¯o
Icnt¡−Xmb IS¸mSpIfp−v. Ahbn apJyam
b C\amWv kIm¯v.

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\w \ÂIp¶ t\Xm¡fm¡pIbpw sNbvXp. \Ã
temI¯v Ignªpt]mb ap³ XeapdIfnte¡v \n Imcy§Ä \nÀÆln¡Wsa¶pw, \akvImcw apd
tbmKn¡s¸«ncp¶ {]hmNI·mcneqsSbpw AÃm {]Imcw A\pjvTn¡Wsa¶pw, kIm¯v \ÂIW
lp kIm¯v \ÂIm³ NpaXes¸Sp¯nbncp¶Xm sa¶pw \mw AhÀ¡v t_m[\w \ÂIpIbpw sN
bn ImWmw. Xmsg ]dbp¶ JpÀB³ hN\§fn bvXp. \s½ am{Xambncp¶p AhÀ Bcm[n¨ncp
eqsS C¡mcyw {Kln¡mhp¶XmWv. ¶Xpw.''1

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Xm ]nXm¡Ä¡pw _\v[p¡Ä¡pw A\mYIÄ ""Rm³ FhnsSbmbncp¶mepw Fs¶ Ah³ A\p
¡pw AKXnIÄ¡pw \n§Ä \· sN¿Ww, P\ KrloX\m¡nbncn¡p¶p. Rm³ Pohn¨ncn¡p¶
§tfmSv \Ã hm¡v ]dbWw, \akvImcw IrXyam Imea{Xbpw \akvIcn¡phm\pw kIm¯v \ÂIp
bn \nÀÆln¡pIbpw kIm¯v \ÂIpIbpw sN hm\pw Ah³ Ft¶mSv A\pimkn¡pIbpw sN
¿Ww Fs¶Ãmw CkvdmboeytcmSv \mw IcmÀ bvXncn¡p¶p.''2
hm§nb kµÀ`w (HmÀ¡pI).''1
C_vdmlow, eqXzv, CkvlmJv, bAvJq_v (ο) F¶o Ckvambo (υυ) bpw Xs³d P\XtbmSv kIm¯n
{]hmNI·msc kw_\v[n¨v ]dª tijw s³d Imcyw IÂ]n¨ncp¶p:
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""Xs³d BfpItfmSv \akvIcn¡phm\pw kIm¯v Ifn \n¶v \o hm§pI''1


\ÂIphm\pw At±lw IÂ]n¡pambncp¶p. X
s³d c£nXmhns³dbSp¡Â At±lw {]oXn e`n 46 6B# . /'
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kIm¯v \nÀ_\v[amWv ""kXyhnizmknItf, \n§Ä k¼mZn¨p−m¡nb
\à hkvXp¡fn \n¶pw, `qanbn \n¶pw \n§
kIm¯v \nÀ_\v[amsW¶ Imcyw apkvenw k Ä¡v \mw apf¸n¨p X¶Xn \n¶pw \n§Ä Nne
aql¯n A`n{]mb hyXymkanÃm¯ hnjb§ hgn¡pho³''2
fnsem¶mWv. C¡mcyw JpÀB\pw kp¶¯pw ap Cu hnjb¯n At\Iw Bb¯pIÄ \ap¡v
kvenw kaql¯ns³d CPvamDpw2 hyIvXam¡p¶ Is−¯m\mhp¶XmWv.
ImcyamWvv.
hfsc {]kn²amb \_nhN\hpw kIm¯ns³d
AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: Kuchw \ap¡v hyIvXam¡n¯cp¶p−v:
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sN¿pho³''3 ""Ckvemw A©v Imcy§fn kvYm]nXambncn¡p
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(103 km£y{]Jym]\w, \akvImcw IrXyXtbmsS \n
""Ahsc ip²oIcn¡pIbpw Ahsc kwkvIcn ÀÆln¡Â, kIm¯v \ÂIÂ, daZm\nse {hX
¡pIbpw sN¿m\pXIp¶ Zm\w AhcpsS kz¯p a\pjvTn¡Â km[n¡p¶hÀ lÖv \nÀÆln¡Â
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kIm¯v 9  
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)bpsS acW tijw A_q_¡À(


\_n( ) `c ¦n AXv \ÂIm¯Xn\v Rm³ AhtcmSv bp²w
Ww GsÁSp¯ Ahkc¯n NneÀ kIm¯n sN¿p¶XmWv''1
s³d hnjb¯n ssha\kyw ImWn¨t¸mÄ A A_q _¡À( )hns³d [ocamb {]Jym]\w tI«
htcmSv IÀ¡i \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡pIbpw bp²w ) ]dªXv : ""\nivNbw CXv AÃmlp A_q
DaÀ(
sN¿psa¶v {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ kz _¡dn\v tXm¶n¸n¨Xv Xs¶bmWv.''2
lm_nIfn Hcmfpw AXnt\mSv FXncv {]ISn¸n
¡pIbp−mbnà F¶Xpw kIm¯v \nÀ_\v[am kIm¯v k¼¯ns\ Cc«n¸n¡p¶p
Wv F¶Xnte¡pÅ tcJbmWv. A¡mcy¯nÂ
kzlm_¯ns³d "CPvamAv ' BWv \ap¡Xn Im AÃmlp \ÂIp¶ [-\w Ah³ CjvSs¸Sp¶ amÀ
Wm³ Ignbp¶Xv. ¤¯n Nnehgn¡m³ ]dbp¶nS§fnseÃmw Ah
À Nnehgn¡p¶Xv aqew AÃmlp Ahs³d [\w
A¶v A_q_¡À( ) ssIsIm− \S]Sn F{X Cc«n¸n¡pIbmWv AXpaqew sNbvXpsIm−ncn
[ochpw DZm¯hpambncp¶p!! B hnjb¯n ¡p¶Xv F¶v kt´mjadnbn¡p¶Xv ImWmw:
At±l¯ns³d hm¡pIÄ F{Xam{Xw Kuchap
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sImSp¯hcpamtcm AhÀ¡Xv Cc«nbmbn \ÂI
""AÃmlphmsW kXyw, \akvImc¯nt³dbpw k s¸Sp¶XmWv. AhÀ¡s{X am\yamb {]Xn^e
Im¯nt³dbpw CSbn hnthN\w ImWn¡p¶ apÅXpw.''3
htcmSv Rm³ bp²w sN¿pI Xs¶sN¿pw. \_n
)¡v \ÂImdp−mbncp¶ Hcp IbÀ (kIm¯n
( kIm¯v \ÂIp¶tXmSv IqSn k¼¯v XoÀ¶p
s³d hIp¸n arKs¯ sIm−phcpt¼mgp−m
ImdpÅ h«¡bÀ) F\n¡v XcmXncn¡pIbmsW 1
A_qZmhqZv 2/93 \¼À: 1556, \kmC 5/14 \: 2443, XnÀanZn 5/3 \: 2607.
2
kzlolv XnÀanZn 5/3 \: 2607.
1 3
apX^Jp³ Asseln. kqd lZoZv : 18
kIm¯v 11  
kIm¯v 12  

t]mIpw F¶v IcpXn \ÂImXncn¡cpXv. ImcWw ambpÅ -ISaIÄ {][m\ambpw \akvImc¯n


AÃmlphmWv \ap¡v k¼¯v \ÂIp¶Xpw, AXv eqsS \nÀÆln¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ]S¸pIfpambpÅ
tXSn¸n¡m\pÅ bpIvXnbpw AXn\pÅ BtcmKy ISaIÄ {][m\ambpw kIm¯neqsS \nÀÆln¡
hpsaÃmw \ÂIp¶Xv. kIm¯v F¶ hm¡n\pÅ s¸Sp¶p. F¶m C¶v ]et¸mgpw kIm¯ns³d
{][m\s¸« AÀ°§fn H¶v "hfÀ¨ ' F¶mWv hnjbw th−{X {]m[m\yanÃmsXbmWv ]ecpw
F¶v ImWm³ Ignbpw. kIm¯v \ÂIp¶Xv aq ImWmdpÅXv. \akvImchpw t\m¼pw, AXsæn
ew AÃmlp AXv \ÂIp¶hs³d k¼¯ns\ ]  t\m¼pw \akvImchpw F¶n§s\ AXn\nS
cnt]mjn¸n¡pIbpw hfÀ¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. bn ]dbs¸«n«pÅ kIm¯ns\ ad¶psIm−p
AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: Å \ne¡mWv ]ecpw {]tbmKn¡mdpÅXv. F¶m
 JpÀB\pw lZokpw kIm¯v \ÂImXncn¡p
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    ]dbp¶ Imcy§fneqsS a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv.

""AÃmlphns³d {]oXn e£yam¡ns¡m−v \n§ 1. kIm¯v \ÂIm¯hÀ apivcnIpIÄ


Ä hÃXpw kIm¯mbn \ÂIp¶ ]£w, A§s\
sN¿p¶hcs{X Cc«n k¼mZn¡p¶hÀ.''1 BF 1 . '
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kIm¯v sImSp¡m¯hÀ¡pÅ
Xm¡oXv ""kIm¯v \ÂIm¯hcpw ]ctemI¯n hnizm
kanÃm¯hcpamb apivcnIpIÄ¡mIp¶p \miw.''1
JpÀB\n kIm¯ns\ ]cmaÀin¡p¶ kvYe kIm¯v \ÂIm¯hsc apivcnIpIfmbmWv AÃm
§Ä ]cntim[n¨m \mev kvYe§Ä Hgn¨v _m lp ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. AÃmlphns³d AhIm
¡n Ccp]s¯«v kvYe§fnepw \akvImct¯mSv iw AÃmlphn\v hIsh¨psImSp¡msX AXv a
tNÀ¯mWv kIm¯ns\ kw_\v[n¨v AÃmlp ] Áp \ne¡v hn\nabw sN¿p¶XmWsÃm inÀ¡v.
dªn«pÅXv; CXv Xs¶ kIm¯ns³d Kuch AXpt]mse ]mh§Ä¡pÅ AhImiw AhÀ¡v
amWv hnfn¨dnbn¡p¶Xv. Hcp a\pjy\v ]S¨h\p
1 1
kqd dqw : 39 kqd ^pkzneXv : 6,7
kIm¯v 13  
kIm¯v 14  

\ÂImXncn¡emWsÃm ChnsSbpw kw`hn¡p¶ Kw ! AtXmsSm¸w AsX{Xam{Xw KpcpXcamsW


Xv. AXpsIm−v Xs¶ kIm¯v sImSp¡mXncn¡ ¶v Duln¡mhp¶XpamWv.
 apivcnIns³d kz`mhambmWv AÃmlp hnti
jn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Ah\v ]ctemI hnizmkanÃm 3. ]ctemI in£
¯Xv sIm−mWv A{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv F kIm¯v \ÂIm¯hÀ¡v ]ctemI¯v thZ\tb
¶pw AÃmlp AtX Bb¯neqsS hyIvXam¡n dnb in£bmbncn¡pw AXvaqew A\p`hnt¡−n
bncn¡pIbmWv. hcnI.
AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:
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Xncn¡p¶Xv AhÀ¡v BImi¯v \n¶pw ag XS ¡pI. \cImKv\nbn sh¨v Ah Np«p ]gp¸n¡
bs¸Sp¶XmWv. \m¡menIfnÃmbncp¶psh¦n s¸SpIbpw F¶n«XvsIm−v AhcpsS s\ÁnIfn
ag (Xosc) hÀjn¡pambncp¶nÃ''1 epw ]mÀiz§fnepw apXpIpIfnepw NqSpsh¡s¸
SpIbpw sN¿p¶ Znhkw (AhtcmSv ]dbs¸Spw)
AÃmlp \ÂInb k¼¯ns³d Hcp sNdnb Aw \n§Ä \n§Ä¡v th−n Xs¶ \nt£]n¨p sh
iwt]mepw Ah³ IÂ]n¨ hn[w kIm¯mbn \ ¨XmWnXv. AXn\m \n§Ä \nt£]n¨p sh¨ncp
ÂIm¯hÀ¡v AÃmlp ag XSªpsh¨næne ¶Xv \n§Ä BkzZn¨psImÅpI''1
sà AÂ`pXapÅq. F{Xam{Xw \µnbnÃm¯ hn`m

1 1
C_v\pamP 2/1332, AÂ_m\nbpsS kzlolp PmanAv \¼À: 7978 kqd Xu_ 34,35.
kIm¯v 15  
kIm¯v 16  

CtX Bibw hyIvXam¡p¶ \_nhN\§fpw s¯gpt¶Â]ns³d \mfn AhcpsS Igp¯nÂ


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hnX t¢i§Ä \ÂInbpw AÃmlp Ahsc ]co
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"GsXmcp a\pjy\mtWm Xs³d [\¯ns³d k ¶pw a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbpw:
Im¯v \ÂImXncn¡p¶Xv, Ahs³d Igp¯nÂ
AÃmlp AsXmcp `oIc kÀ¸am¡n AWnbn¡p      - -? -?   0V   
¶Xmbncn¡pw. Ah³ AXnÂ\n¶v HmSnbIepw 07 0 K)    $ G+  ? C  
tXmdpw AXv Ahs\ ]n´pScp¶Xmbncn¡pw. ]n (763 ? /1 f k $ f $ <  K&
) AXn\v sXfnhmbn hnip²
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Ä¡v X¶n«pÅXn ]nip¡v ImWn¡p¶hÀ AXv bmks¸Sp¯q¶XmWv .
AhÀ¡v KpWIcamsW¶v AhÀ Hcn¡epw hnNm
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Xz_vdm\nbpsS HukXv, AÂ_m\n kzlolp¯ÀKo_v h¯Àlo_v
hmfyw 1/ lZokv \¼À : 763
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kIm¯v 18  

4. kIm¯v \ÂIm¯h³ \cI¯n F¶n«pw Ah³ AÃmlphns³d I¸\ DÄs¡m


−v Xs³d A²zm\^eambn D−m¡nb [\w a
kIm¯v \ÂImsX, AXv XSªpsh¡p¶hÀ \ ÁpÅhÀ¡v \ÂIpI F¶Xv Hcp ]co£Ww X
) hyIvXam¡p
cI¯nembncn¡pw F¶v \_n( s¶bmWv.
Ibpw sNbvXn«p−v : k¼¯v apkvenw D½¯ns³d ]co£W ImcW
07 0 K)  07 5    C : Q
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kIm¯v hfÀ¯p¶ kÂKpW§Ä £WamWv [\w''2
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¯ns\ CjvSs¸Sp¶h\mWv. HcmÄ kIm¯v C\¯n Xm³ k¼mZn¨p−m
¡nbXpw, a\pjy³ GÁhpw A-[nIw CjvSs¸
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kIm¯v 20  

AXpaqew a\pjy\n kzm`mhnIambpw D−mtb 1. apkvenambncn¡pI


¡mhp¶ ]nip¡v, [\t¯mSpÅ AXymÀ°n, kzm
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m¯neqsS apIfn ]cmaÀin¨ Imcy§fpsS hn]
coX KpW§Ä a\pjy\n hfÀ¶p hcnIbpw BF B _1 76  1  -3 F . 0:
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Ifn \n¶v \ohm§pI''1 AhÀ¡v \nÀ_\v[am¡nbncn¡p¶p F¶v Adnbn
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Ãmlp AhcpsS [\¯n \n¶pw kIm¯v \nÀ
kIm¯v \nÀ_\v[amIp¶Xn\v Ckvemw Nne \n _\v[am¡nbncn¡p¶p F¶v Adnbn¡pI. AXv
_\v[\IÄ \nivNbn¨n«p−v. Ah¡v A\pkrX Ahcnse [\nIcn \n¶pw kzoIcn¨v Ahcnse
ambn am{Xta HcmÄ kIm¯v \ÂIm³ \nÀ_\v[n Zn{Zcn hnXcWw sN¿pIbpamWv th−Xv ''1
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kIm¯v 21  
kIm¯v 22  

CXn \n¶pw apkvenaÃm¯hÀ¡v kIm¯v \nÀ bn kIm¯v \ÂtI−XnÃ. F¶m HcmÄ \n
_\v[ansöv a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. A{]Imcw kzm_v F¯p¶Xn XmsgbpÅ hcpam\¯n\v
Xs¶bmWv Ckveman \n¶pw ]pd¯v t]mb, apÀ kIm¯v \ÂIm³ Dt±in¡p¶psh¦n AXn\v
X±pIfptSbpw AhkvY. hntcm[anÃ. hnhn[ C\§fn \n¶pw hcpam\w
e`n¡pIbpw Hmtcm¶n\pw \nivNbn¨n«pÅ \nkzm
2. kzX{´\mbncn¡pI _v F¯p¶nsænepw AbmÄ \m«nse {][m\
ASna¡v kIm¯v \nÀ_\v[anÃ. Ah\v kz´ ImÀjntIm¸¶¯nt³dtbm, \mWb¯ns³d
ambn kz¯v Ds−¦n t]mepw Ah\v kIm¯v tbm \nkzm_nt\mSv Xpe\w sNbvXv Xs³d hcpam
sImSp ¡Â \nÀ_\v[anÃ. Ahs³d [\w kIm \s¯ ip²oIcn¡embncn¡pw D¯aw.
¯ns³d hn jb¯n Ahs³d bPam\s³d [\ \_n() kIm¯ns³d \nkzm_ns\ hnhcn¨
ambmWv ]cnKWn¡pI. AXn\pw IqSn bPam\³ lZokn C{]Imcw ImWmw:
kIm¯v sImSpt¡−XmWv.

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G+ %0I
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kIm¯v \ÂI \nÀ_\v[apÅ FÃm hcpam\ sX¦n AXn\v kIm¯v CÃ; AXns³d DSakvY
amÀ¤¯n\pw Ckvemw Hmtcm ]cn[n \nivNbn¨n ³ Dt±in¨meÃmsX. HcmfpsS ASp¡Â taªv
«p−v AXv F¯nbm am{Xta kIm¯v \ÂI \S¡p¶ ImenIfmbn \mÂ]Xn\v Hsc®w Ipdhv
\nÀ_\v[apÅq. AXn\vXmsg hcp¶ AhkvY BSpIfmWv DÅsX¦n AXn\v kIm¯v sImSp
t¡−XnÃ; DSakvY³ Dt±in¨meÃmsX. shÅn
kIm¯v 23  
kIm¯v 24  

¡v ]¯nsem¶ns³d \mensem¶mWv (\mÂ]Xn Xs¶ sImSp¡m³ ]dªp. F¶m HcmÄ¡v \m


H¶mWv) kIm¯mbn \ÂtI−Xv F¶m Hcmfp Wb k¼¯v ssIhiw h¶m AbmÄ¡v Hcp
sS ]¡Â \qÁn sXm®qdv ZnÀlaÃmsX CÃ; F¦n hÀjw Ignªv am{Xw sImSp¯mepw aXn.
 AbmÄ AXn\v kIm¯v \ÂtI−XnÃ. Abm
Ä Dt±in¨meÃmsX.''1 HcmÄ¡v e`n¡p¶ hcpam\¯ns³d c−c iXam
\w am{XamWv AÃmlp \t½mSv \ÂIm³ Bhiy
kIm¯pw sImÃw XnIbepw s¸Sp¶Xv. _m¡n sXm®qÁntbgc iXam\hpw
\ap¡v \½psSbpw IpSpw_¯nt³dbpw Bhiy
ImÀjnI hcpam\¯n Ft¸mgmtWm hnfshSp ¯n\v D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m³ AhImiap−v. F¶m
¸v \S¯n DÂ]¶w ssIhiw hcp¶Xv At¸mÄ Â \ap¡v e`yamb [\w \qdv iXam\hpw AÃm
Xs¶ kIm¯v sImSp¡Ww F¶Xv JpÀB³ lp \ap¡v \ÂInbXmWv F¶v HmÀ¡p¶ Hcp hy
hyIvXam¡nbn«p−v. I¨hS¯n\v I¨hSw XpS§n IvXn¡v AXnÂ\n¶pw c−c iXam\w, k¼¯v
Hcp hÀjw ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶ Ahkc¯n kv I¿nÂhcp¶ kab¯v Xs¶ kIm¯mbn \Â
tÁm¡v FSp¸v \S¯nbmWv kIm¯v sImSpt¡ Im³ tXm¶pIbmWv th−Xv. kIm¯v ap³Iq«n
−Xv F¶ hnjb¯nepw A`n{]mb hyXymkanÃ. \ÂImw F¶ Imcy¯n ]¬VnX·m¡v CS
\mWbk¼¯n\v Hcp hÀjw ]qÀ¯nbmbmem bn A`n{]mb hyXymkanà Xm\pw. IqSpXÂ
Wv kIm¯v sImSpt¡−Xv F¶v lZokpIfn AÃmlphn\v Adnbmw; Ah³ \ap¡v \·bnte
hyIvXamWv. ¡v amÀ¤ZÀi\w \ÂIpamdmIs«.
 
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kIm¯v CÃ''2 hcpam\§Ä¡pw kIm¯v \ÂIWw F¶mWv
IrjnbpsS kIm¯v sImbvsXSp¡p¶ kab¯v JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv.
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kIm¯v 25  
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\à hkvXp¡fn \n¶pw, `qanbn \n¶pw \n KkvYt\m Bcmbncp¶mepw icn, Ahs³d AXym
§Ä¡v \mw D¸mZn¸n¨p X¶Xn \n¶pw \n§ hiy PohnX¯n\v Bhiyambn hcmhp¶ \nÀ®n
Ä Nnehgn¡pho³''1 X ]cn[n \nivNbn¡pIbpw AXn\p XmsgbpÅ
[\s¯ kIm¯n \n¶pw Hgnhm¡pIbpw sN
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hyIvXam¡p¶Xv ImWpI. UnX·mÀ ^nJvlns³d kmt¦XnI `mjbn "\n
(24 m  ) 1  B . / -1 N1  B 8O 1TB
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iap−v''2 ambpw aq¶v C\ambn Xncn¡s¸Sp¶p. Ah ImÀ
jnI hn`h§Ä, Imenk¼¯v, \mWb k¼¯v
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¯pIfn \n¶v \ohm§pI''3 e¯v \S¸p−mbncp¶ kzÀ®hpw shÅnbpw am
{XaÃ. C¶s¯ Id³knbpw aÁpw AXn DÄ
kIm¯ns³d e£yw kaql¯nepÅ {]iv\ s¸Sp¶XmWv. HcmfpsS hcpam\w I¨hSw ImÀjn
§Ä¡pÅ ]cnlmchpw AtXmsSm¸w [\s¯ tIm¸¶§Ä, Imen k¼¯v F¶nh¡v ]pdsa
bpw sImSp¡p¶ hyIvXntbbpw ip²oIcn¡ep GXv C\¯nepÅ hcpam\ambncp¶mepw AXn
amWv. F¶XmWv JpÀB\pw lZokpw a\Ên s³d kIm¯v \ÂtI−XmWv AXv i¼fw, I
em¡n¯cp¶Xv. ½oj³, hmSI F¶n§s\ GXv Xc¯nepÅ hcp
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kqd _Jd 267.
2
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3
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kIm¯v 27  
kIm¯v 28  

\_n()bpsS Ime¯v shÅnbpw kzÀ®hpambn ""A©v DuJnbbn XmsgbpÅ \mWb¯n¶v


cp¶p \mWbambn D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv. A¡me kIm¯v (\ÂtI−Xv) CÃ''1
L«¯n Ah c−pw X½n Imcyamb hyXym A©v DuJnb F¶Xv {]hmNI³( )bpsS Ime
khpap−mbncp¶nÃ. C¶mIs« kzÀ®hpw sh s¯ 200 ZnÀlw shÅnbpsS hne¡v kam\amb
Ånbpw X½n hnebn hfsctbsd A´cap−v Afhv BWv. \½psS B[p\nI IW¡v {]Imcw
Xm\pw. AXpsIm−v Xs¶ \mWb§fpsS kIm Ccp\qdv ZnÀlw F¶Xv 590 {Kmw shÅnbpsS
¯ns³d hnjb¯n kzÀ®¯ns³d \nkm_v hne¡v XpeyamWv. At¸mÄ 590 {Kmw shÅnbpsS
kzoIcnt¡Wtam AXÃ shÅnbpsS \nkzm_v hne¡pÅ Id³kn (cq]) HcmfpsS ]¡Â D−m
kzoIcnt¡Wtam F¶Xv ]¬VnX·mÀ¡v CSbn bn¡gnªm AbmÄ¡v kIm¯v sImSp¡m
 A`n{]mb `n¶X \ne\n¡p¶ hnjbamWv. \pÅ \nkzm_v F¯n¡gnªp. AbmÄ AXn
GXv kzoIcn¡Wsa¶Xn\v J¬UnXambn sXfn s³d 2.5% kIm¯v sImSp¡Â \nÀ_\v[amWv.
hv e`yaÃm¯ \ne¡v ]n¶oSv Nn´n¡phm\pÅXv Hcn¡Â kIm¯v sImSp¯ [\w ho−pw AtX
kIm¯ns³d e£yamb k¼¯ns\bpw kIm t]mse AbmfpsS ]¡Â Unt¸mknÁv Bbn D
¯v \ÂIp¶hs\bpw ip²oIcn¡pIbpw Zmcn{Zy −v F¦n Hmtcm hÀjhpw AXns³d 2.5% kIm
\nÀ½mÀP\¯n\v IqSpX D]Icn¡pIbpw sN ¯v C\¯n \ÂIns¡m−ncnt¡−XpamWv.
¿pI GXv am\Z¬Uambn kzoIcn¡pt¼mgmWv
F¶pÅXmWv. AXmIs« shÅnbpsS \nkzm_v Ccp\qdv ZnÀlw shÅnbmWv AXns³d \nkzm_v
kzoIcn¡pt¼mgmWv. F¶v Xmsg ]dbp¶ asÁmcp lZokneqsSbpw
a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv.
\mWb¯n\v kIm¯v \nÀ_\v[ambn¯ocp¶Xn
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hpIbpw Hcp hÀjw XnIbpIbpw sNbvXm A hpt¼mÄ apXens³d \m¸Xn H¶v. AXmbXv
Xn \n¶v A©v ZnÀlw (kIm¯v \ÂIWw). 2.5 % (c−c iXam\w). kzÀ®ambmepw shÅn
kzÀ®¯n\v \ns³dbSp¡Â Ccp]Xv Zo\mÀ D bmbmepw [\¯ns³d c−c iXam\w Hmtcm hÀ
−mIp¶Xv hsc H¶pw \ÂtI−XnÃ. (Ccp]Xv jhpw kIm¯mbn \ÂtI−XmWv.
Zo\mÀ D−mbn) Hcp hÀjw XnIªm Hcp Zo\m
dns³d ]IpXn \o kIm¯v \ÂIWw IqSpXep B[p\nI ]WanS]mSpIfn kIm¯ns³d \n
−mIpt¼mÄ Cu tXmXv A\pkcn¨v IW¡m kzm_mbn shÅn kzoIcn¡pt¼mgpw kzÀ®¯n
¡pIbpw thWw. ''1 \v t\cn«v kIm¯v IW¡m¡pt¼mÄ 85 {Kmw
kzÀ®w Xs¶bmWv \nkzm_mbn FSpt¡−Xv.
{]kvXpX lZokn \n¶pXs¶ kzÀ®¯ns³d
\nkzm_pw hyIvXamIp¶XmWv. AXmbXv 20 Zo "" `qanbn \n¶pw \n§Ä¡v \mw D¸mZn¸n¨p
X¶Xn \n¶pw \n§Ä Nnehgn¡pho³''1
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tZiw 85 {Kmw kzÀ®¯n\v Xpeyamb Xq¡amWv. F¶ Bb¯ns³d shfn¨¯n `qanbn \n¶pw
Xmsg ]dbp¶ lZokpw C¡mcyw hyIvXam¡p¶ Ipgns¨Sp¡p¶ s]t{Smfnbw D¸¶§Ä teml
XmWv: §Ä, D¸v F¶nhs¡Ãmw shÅnbptStbm kzÀ®
a GP I -  "'E   0
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hÀjhpw kIm¯v \ÂtI−XmWv.
"" Zm\[À½§Ä (kIm¯v) \ÂtI−Xv Zcn{Z·mÀ
F¶m B`cW§Ä C¡me¯v \nb{´n¡pI ¡pw AKXnIÄ¡pw, AXns³d (kImXns³d)
bpw \ncpÂkmls¸Sp¯pIbpw sNt¿− Hchkv Imcy¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hÀ¡pw, (Ckvemapam
Ybntes¡¯n \n¡pIbmWv. B`cW§Ä \ bn) a\ÊpIÄ CW¡s¸«hÀ¡pw, ASnaIfpsS
ÂIm³ Ignbm¯Xns³d t]cn hnhml{]mbw (tamN\) Imcy¯nepw, ISwsIm−v hnjan¡p¶
Ignªn«pw hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp¡m³ Ignbm hÀ¡pw, AÃmlphns³d amÀ¤¯nepw, bm{X¡m
¯ ]mhs¸« IpSpw_§Ä, B`cW§Ä A\ysc c\pw am{XamWv. AÃmlphn¦Â \n¶v \nivNbn
ImWn¡m³ th−n Ckvemw IWniambpw ]men ¡s¸«Xs{X CXv. AÃmlp FÃmw Adnbp¶h\pw
¡m³ \nÀt±in¨ Ckvemans³d hkv{Xw Dt]£n bpIvXnam\pamIp¶p''1
¡p¶ kv{XoIÄ, B`cW§Ä¡v th−nbpÅ h
À²n¨phcp¶ IhÀ¨IÄ sIme]mXI§Ä F¶n a\pjys³d {kjvSmhmb ]S¨X¼pcm³ Ah
s³d {]bmk§fpw hnja§fpw a\Ênem¡n A
1 1
A_qZmhqZv. AÂ_m\n kzlolv Bbn tcJs¸Sp¯nb lZokv. kqd Xu_ 60.
kIm¯v 47  
kIm¯v 48  

Xn \n¶pw Ahsc tamNn¸n¡m\pÅ amÀ¤§ Is−¯m³ Igntª¡pw. F¶m AKXnIÄ


fpw BhnjvIcn¨n«p−v. AXn apJyamb hnjb AhcpsS A`nam\w kwc£n¨v A\ysc Adnbn
amIp¶p kIm¯v. AXn\m hyXykvX taJeI ¡msX {]bmks¸«v sRcp§n IgnªpIqSp¶h
fnepÅ F«v hn`mKs¯ kIm¯ns³d AhImin cmbncn¡pw A¯c¡msc I−dnªv kIm¯v
Ifmbn AÃmlp Xs¶ XncsªSp¯v apIfn \ÂIn Ahsc c£s¸Sp¯m³ Ckvemw {]tXy
]dª Bb¯neqsS Adnbn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. Iw {i²bn s]Sp¯pIbmWv ChnsS sN¿p¶Xv.
1. Zcn{Z·mÀ 3. kIm¯v tPmen¡mÀ
PohnX¯ns³d Bhiy§Ä \nÀÆln¡m³ bm Hcp {]tZi¯v Ckvemw hn`mh\ sN¿p¶ k
sXmcp amÀ¤hpw ImWmsX IjvSs¸«psIm−ncn Im¯v kw`cW hnXcW coXn \S¸m¡pt¼mÄ A
¡p¶ hn`mKamWv ChÀ. XoÀ¯pw aÁpÅ Bfp Xn\mbn \nc´cw {]hÀ¯n¨psIm−ncn¡p¶ D
Isf B{ibn¨meÃmsX PohnXw XÅn \o¡m³ tZymKkvY³amÀ Bhiyambnhcpw. BfpIfpsS
Ignbm¯ C¯c¯nepÅhÀ kaql¯n F hcpam\ amÀ¤w At\zjn¨dnªv kIm¯v \Â
¡me¯pw D−mIp¶XmWv. ChscbmWv kIm Im³ _m[yXbpÅ BfpIsf Is−¯n AhÀ
¯ns³d AhIminIfn H¶maXmbn AÃmlp \ÂtI− hnlnXw Hmtcm Ime¯pw Adnbn¨v A
FSp¯v ]dªXv F¶Xv Xs¶ Ahsc klmbn Xv kµÀ`m\pkrXw Ahcn \n¶pw tiJcn¡m
¡pIbpw kwc£n¡pIbpw sNt¿−Xns³d {]m \pw, B {]tZis¯ P\§fnse kIm¯ns³d
[m\yamWv hnfn¨dnbn¡p¶Xv. AhIminIsf Xcw Xncn¨v AhÀ¡v AhImis¸
2. AKXnIÄ « hnlnXw Ahcnte¡v F¯n¨p sImSp¡epamWv
AhcpsS {][m\ NpaXe. A¯c¯nepÅ DtZym
PohnXmhiy§Ä \nÀÆln¡m\mhiyambXns³d KkvYÀ¡v i¼fw sImSpt¡−Xv kIm¯v ^−n
]IpXnbne[nIw Gsd¡psd H¸n¡m³ Ignbpsa  \n¶v Xs¶bmbncn¡Ww. AXpsIm−mWv A
¦nepw {]bmkhpw IjvSXIfpanÃmsX Pohn¡m³ Ãmlp kIm¯ns³d AhIminIsf F®nbt¸m
aÁpÅhcpsS I\nhpw ImcpWyhpw e`n¡pI X Ä aq¶maXmbn ]dª .TB 6 
.
. 11 ./. kIm¯n
s¶ thWw. C¯c¯nepÅ BfpIsfbmWv AK s³d hnjb¯n A²zm\n¡p¶ DtZymKkvYÀ
XnIÄ F¶Xv sIm−v Dt±in¡p¶Xv. apIfn ]d F¶v F®nbXv.
ª Zcn{Zhn`mKs¯ FÃmhÀ¡pw Ffp¸¯nÂ
kIm¯v 49  
kIm¯v 50  

4. a\Êv CW¡s¸«hÀ lmbw Bhiyambn ht¶¡pw, AXpt]mse Po


hnX {]bmk§Ä ImcWw IS_m[yXIfn AI
Ckvemante¡v ]pXpXmbn IS¶v h¶ hnizmknI s¸«v ISw ho«m³ {]bmks¸Sp¶ BfpIfpw kaq
Ä, AXsæn apkvenwIÄ¡v CSbn ZoÀL Im l¯nep−mIpw A¯cw hn`mK§Ä¡pw kIm
eambpÅ Xmakw, apkvenwIfpsS {]t_m[\ {] ¯v \ÂIn Ahsc c£s¸Sp¯Wsa¶mWv CXv
hÀ¯\§Ä, s]cpamÁw F¶nhbpsS ^eambn sIm−v Dt±in¡p¶Xv.
Gsd¡psd apkvenambm Xct¡Snà F¶ a\
Êpambn IgnªpIqSp¶ BfpIÄ F¶nhcmWv 7. AÃmlphns³d amÀ¤¯nÂ
CXvsIm−v Dt±in¡s¸Sp¶hÀ. Ckvemans³d kwc£WmÀ°w bp²¯nteÀs¸
5. ASna¯ tamN\w Sp¶ ]«mf¡mÀ, hnZy`ymk¯n\v {]bmks¸Sp¶
hÀ, ssZhoI amÀ¤¯n {]t_m[\ kw_\v[ -
ASnaItfbpw, AapkvenwIfpsS ssIIfn XS ambpw aÁpw hcp¶ Bhiy§Ä F¶o amÀ¤§
hpImcmbn ]nSn¡s¸« XShpImscbpw tamNn¸n¨v fnepw Hcp {]tZis¯ kIm¯ns³d hnlnXw Nn
Ahsc am\knIambpw km¼¯nIambpw klm ehgn¡mhp¶XmWv.
bn¨v c£s¸Sp¯n kam[m\]qÀÆamb PohnX¯n
\v Ahkcap−m¡m³ Ckvemw D¯chmZs¸«h 8. hgnbm{X¡mÀ
sc NpaXes¸Sp¯p¶p. AXn\mhiyambn hcp¶
km¼¯nI NnehpIÄ kIm¯v ^−nÂ\n¶v Ckvemans³d Hgn¨pIqSm³ ]Ám¯ BhiymÀ
FSp¯v hn\ntbmKn¡phm³ \nÀt±in¡pIbpw °w hcp¶ bm{X¡mÀ, hyIvXn]camb BhiymÀ
sNbvXncn¡p¶p. °w asÁmcp kvYet¯¡v bm{X sNt¿−Xmbn
hcnIbpw AhnsS F¯nb tijw I¿n IcpXn
6. IS_m[yXbpÅhÀ b ]Ww XoÀ¶v t]mhpItbm, \jvSs¸SpItbm,
tamjvSn¡s¸SpItbm sNbvX bm{X¡mÀ¡v Ah
Ccp hn`mK§Ä¡nSbn ]ckv]cw cRvPn¸p−m cpsS kztZit¯¡v Xncn¨p hcm³ Bhiyamb
¡p¶Xn\v {ian¡p¶ BfpIÄ¡v Nnet¸mÄ H ]Ww kIm¯v ^−n \n¶pw \ÂIn Abmsf
cmÄ asÁmcmÄ¡v \ÂIm\pÅ km¼¯nI _m klmbn¡Â B \m«pImcpsS _m[yXbmWv.
[yXIÄ GsÁSp¯v {]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡pt¼m
gp−mIp¶ _m[yXIÄ XoÀ¡m³ Nnet¸mÄ k
kIm¯v 51  
kIm¯v 52  

ta ]dbs¸« F«v hn`mK¯n am{Xambncn¡ {]hmNI hN\§fpsS {]Xn]mZ\ coXn {i²n¡p
Ww kIm¯v Nnehgnt¡−Xv. F¶m Hcp {]tZ ¶ GsXmcmÄ¡pw C¡mcyw a\Ênem¡mhp¶
i¯v F«v hn`mK¯nepw BfpIsf Is−¯n \ XpamWv:
ÂIns¡mÅWsa¶Ã ta ]dbs¸«hÀ¡ÃmsX
H¼XmaXv Hcp hn`mK¯n Nnehgn¡cpXv F¶v BF B _1 76  1  -3 F . 0:
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am{Xw. ta ]dbs¸« hn`mK§Ä apgph\mtbm a
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BF B _1 76 )956 B 6. 1 B . -: 4
epw GÁhpw AÀlXs¸« Ht¶m ct−m hn`mK B1 %1 . 6 74 6 . X . $4 76 B1 %1 . 1 /k
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s¯ am{Xw XncsªSp¯v \ÂIp¶Xn\pw hntcm
[anÃ. Hmtcm {]tZis¯bpw Bhiy§fpsSbpw (! ')
Bhiy¡mcpsSbpw kmlNcy§Ä a\Ênem¡n ""\o Ahsc AÃmlphÃmsX Bcm[y\nÃ, Rm³
hnjb§Ä¡v ap³KW\ \ÂIn hn\ntbmKn¡m Ahcnte¡v \ntbmKn¡s¸« dkqemWv F¶ km
hp¶XmWv. £yhmIy¯nte¡v £Wn¡pI. A¡mcy¯nÂ
kIm¯v F§ns\ \ÂIWw AhÀ \ns¶ A\pkcn¨m cm{Xnbnepw ]Ien
epambn A©v kab§fnse \akvImcw AÃmlp
kIm¯v hnXcWs¯ kw_\v[n¨v Nn´n¡pt¼m AhÀ¡v \nÀ_\v[am¡nbncn¡p¶p F¶v Adnbn
Ä hyIvXn hyIvXn¡v \ÂIp¶ coXn Ckveman ¡pI. AXnepw AhÀ \ns¶ A\pkcn¨m A
Ãmlp AhcpsS [\¯n \n¶pw kIm¯v \nÀ
s³d BZyIme¯v {]hmNI³( )bptStbm kz _\v[am¡nbncn¡p¶p F¶v Adnbn¡pI. AXv
lm_nIfptStbm, ke^pkzmenlpIfptStbm Im Ahcnse [\nIcn \n¶pw kzoIcn¨v Ahcnse
e¯v \S¸nepÅXmbn ImWm³ Ignbp¶nÃ. kIm Zcn{Zcn hnXcWw sN¿pIbpamWv th−Xv ''1
¯ns\ kw_\v[n¨v ]dbs¸Sp¶ lZokpIfnÂ
kIm¯ns³d kw`cW hnXcW coXnbn Hcp aq At¸mÄ kIm¯v ]ncns¨Sp¡pIbpw AÀlcmb
¶mw I£n A\nhmcyamWv F¶v ImWm³ km[n AhIminIÄ¡v hnXcWw sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶
¡pw. Xn\v Hcp aq¶mw I£n a²yhÀ¯nIfmbn D−m
IÂ A\nhmcyamWv. C¡mcyw kIm¯ns³d A
1
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kIm¯v 53  
kIm¯v 54  

hIminIsf hniZoIcn¨ Bb¯neqsSbpw a\ ¡v F¯n¨psImSpt¡− hyhkvYIfpw Ckvemw


Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. kIm¯ns³d IW¡pIÄ \nÀt±in¨p. {]hmNI³()bpw At±l¯ns³d
icnbm¡pI, ]ncns¨¯n¡pI, AÀlcmb Ah ]n³KmanIfmb Jeo^amcpw AXns³d {]mtbmKn
IminIÄ¡v F¯n¨p sImSp¡pI, AXns³d ap I cq]w \ap¡v ImWn¨p XcnIbpw sNbvXp.
XÂ kq£n¡pIbpw AXv kwc£n¡pIbpw sN
¿pI F¶o Imcy§Ä¡v kvYncambn tPmen sN kwLSnX kIm¯ns³d t\«§Ä
¿p¶ sXmgnemfnIÄ BhiyamWv. AXpsIm−v
Xs¶ AhÀ¡v i¼fhpw BhiyamWv. AXv I Ckvemw hn`mh\ sN¿p¶ \ne¡v kIm¯v kw
−dnªpsIm−mWv AÃmlp kIm¯ns³d Ah LSnXambn tiJcn¨v hnXcWw sN¿p¶ coXn
IminIsf F®nbt¸mÄ "h Baneo\ Asse sIm−v am{Xta Ckemw ap¶n ImWp¶ t\«§
lm' (.TB 6 
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. 11 .) F¶v AXn\v th−n A²zm\n Ä kIm¯v \ÂIp¶hcnepw kzoIcn¡p¶hcn
¡p¶hÀ F¶ Hcp {]tXyI hn`mKs¯ FSp¯v epw D−m¡nsbSp¡m³ km[yamhpIbpÅq.
]dªXv. CXn \ns¶Ãmw kIm¯v hyIvXn hy 1. kIm¯v ZmXmhns\ ip²oIcn¡p¶p
IvXn¡v sImSp¡p¶ k{¼Zmbaà Ckvemw kIm
¯v hnXcW¯n\v ImWp¶ coXn F¶v XoÀ¯pw kIm¯v hyIvXn hyIvXn¡v \ÂIpt¼mÄ e`n
a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. AÃm¯ ]£w hyIvXn ¡m¯ ]e t\«§fpw kwLSnX kIm¯v aqew
Xs³d kIm¯v t\cn«v Zc{ZÀ¡v \ÂIpt¼mÄ e`n¡p¶p. hyIvXnIÄ a²yhÀ¯nIfnÃmsX t\
Zcn{ZcpsS A`nam\s¯t]mepw l\n¡p¶ kwkm cn«v \ÂIpt¼mÄ AXv kzoIcn¡p¶hs\ ImWp
c§fpw s]cpamÁ§fpw AXpaqew D−mhpIbpw t¼mÄ a\Ên ss]imNnIamb ]e Nn´Ifpw
A§ns\ KpWt¯¡mtfsd tZmj§fmbn AXv D−mbn¯ocm\pÅ km[yX hfsc IqSpXemWv.
amdpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Fs³d kIm¯v hm§n Pohn¡p¶h³ I−n«v
Xncnªp t\m¡p¶pt]mepanÃ, Ah\v kIm¯v
AXn\m ]W¡mcs³d ho«papÁ¯v X§fpsS \ÂInbm X\n¡v Fs´¦nepw Bhiyw hcp
A`nam\w ]Wbwsh¨v AXneqsS e`yamIp¶ ap t¼mÄ Ahs\ D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m³ Ignbpw,
XemfnbpsS HuZmcyaà Ckvemanse kIm¯v. A BfpIÄ¡nSbn X\n¡v CXv aptJs\ kvYm\
Xv ]mh§fpsS AhImiambn Ckvemw \nivNbn hpw {]ikvXnbpw e`n¡Ww F¶n§s\ ]e \ne
¨n«pÅXmWv. AXv AhÀ¡v AhcpsS hoSpIfnte ¡pÅ A\mhiy Nn´Ifpw D−mIm³ CSbp−v.
kIm¯v 55  
kIm¯v 56  

kIm¯ns³d e£yambn JpÀB³ ]dª, Xm


sg ]dbp¶ XXz¯n\v AXv XoÀ¯pw FXncmhp kIm¯v kwLSnXambÃmsX hnXcWw sN¿s¸
Ibpw sN¿pw. Spt¼mÄ ]et¸mgpw AhIminIÄ¡v e`n¡msX
t]mhpItbm, A\Àlcmbn«pÅhÀ ssI¡em¡p
5$   ) .T1 1T :. $4 . BF F TW K
6 $4 5R ?6 . 
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D B 1 /"'
4 Itbm sN¿s¸Sm\pÅ km[yXIÄ GsdbmWv.
(103 AXsæn A`nam\w ]Wbw sh¨v A\ycpsS
ap¶n ssI \o«m³ aSn¡p¶hÀ¡v Xosc e`n
""Ahsc ip²oIcn¡pIbpw Ahsc kwkvIcn¡p ¡msXbpwhcpw. F¶m kwLSnX kz`mh¯n
Ibpw sN¿m\pXIp¶ Zm\w (kIm¯v) AhcpsS emsW¦n ta ]dªXmb {]iv\§sfm¶pw
kz¯pIfn \n¶v \ohm§pI''1 DZn¡p¶nÃ. F¶pam{XaÃ; AhsbÃmw ]cnlcn
kIm¯neqsS e`yamtI− kwkvIcWw kwLSn ¡s¸SpI IqSn sN¿p¶p.
Xambn AXv \nÀÆln¡s¸Spt¼mÄ am{Xsa D−m
bn¯ocpIbpÅq. 4. Zmcn{Zyw CÃmsXbm¡p¶p
2. kzoIcn¡p¶hs³d kwc£Ww kwLSnX kIm¯v hnXcWw aptJs\ Hcp {]tZ
is¯ sam¯w Bhiy¡mcpsS IWs¡Sp¯v
]W¡mcn \n¶pw kIm¯v t\cn«v kzoIcn¡p AXn \n¶pw Hcp \nivNnX iXam\s¯ Hmtcm
¶Xv AÂ]w A`nam\ t_m[apÅhÀ¡v a\:{]bm hÀjhpw {]tXyIambn XncsªSp¯v Ahsc ]q
kap−m¡pw F¶Xv XoÀ¨bmWv, AXpt]mse \ À®ambpw [\ycm¡n¯oÀ¡phm\pw XpSÀhÀj
ap¡v kIm¯v \ÂIp¶ a\pjy\mWsÃm F§n ¯nse¦nepw Ahcn \n¶pw kIm¯v kzoIcn¨v
s\ AbmfpsS ap¶n A`napJoIcn¡pw F¶ aÁpÅhÀ¡v \ÂIm\pÅ Hcp AhkvYbnse
Hcp A[aat\mKXnbpw D−mIm\nSbp−v. kw ¯n¡m\pw Ignbp¶XmWv. A§ns\ Bkq{XnX
LSnX kz`mhw aqew ChsbÃmw XoÀ¯pw CÃm ambpÅ {iaw aqew Hcp {]tZis¯ XoÀ¯pw Z
sXbm¡n a\pjyÀ¡nSbn \ne\n¡p¶ D¨ cn{Z apIvXam¡n¯oÀ¡m³ IgnbpIbpw sN¿pw.
\oNXzw XpS¨p\o¡m³ Ignbpw. ]qÀÆoIcpsS Ime¯v Hcp{]tZi¯v kIm¯v
3. AÀlXs¸«hÀ¡v F¯p¶p hm§phm³ AhIminIfnÃmsX ASp¯ {]tZi
§fnte¡v \ÂInbncp¶Xmbn Ncn{X¯n Im
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kIm¯v 58  

Wm³ Ignbp¶Xv C¯c¯nepÅ hnXcW coXn ) apBZv()hn\v \ÂInb D]tZi¯nÂ


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aptJs\bmsW¶v a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw ImWmw:
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kIm¯v aptJs\ kaql¯nse IjvSXb\p`hn a
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BF B _1 76 )956 B 6. 1 B . -: 4
cm¡pI F¶ e£yw hyIvXn hyIvXn¡v \ÂIp¶ B1 %1 . 6 74 6 . X . $4 76 B1 %1 . 1 /k
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(! ')
Zcn{Zcpw ISs¡Wnbn IpSp§n {]bmks¸Sp¶
hcpw hgnbm{X¡mcpw AhÀ t\cnSp¶ {]iv\§ ""\o Ahsc AÃmlphÃmsX Bcm[y\nÃ, Rm³
Ä¡v sNdnb \nes¡¦nepw Hcp Bizmkw e`n Ahcnte¡v \ntbmKn¡s¸« dkqemWv F¶ km
¡m\mbn hyIvXnIsf kao]n¨v {]bmk§Ä¡v £yhmIy¯nte¡v £Wn¡pI. A¡mcy¯nÂ
]cnlmcamcmb XoÀ¯pw A{]mtbmKnIhpw A AhÀ \ns¶ A\pkcn¨m cm{Xnbnepw ]Ien
imkv{XobhpamWv. AXvsIm−v Xs¶ kaql¯n epambn A©v kab§fnse \akvImcw AÃmlp
s³d _m[yXbmWv A¯c¡msc klmbn¡Â. AhÀ¡v \nÀ_\v[am¡nbncn¡p¶p F¶v Adnbn
AXv {]bmka\p`hn¡p¶hcpsS AhImihpw ¡pI. AXnepw AhÀ \ns¶ A\pkcn¨m A
IqSnbmWv. AXmIs« kwLSnXhpw hyhkvYm]n Ãmlp AhcpsS [\¯n \n¶pw kIm¯v \nÀ
Xhpamb \ne¡ÃmsX am\yambn \nÀÆln¡s¸ _\v[am¡nbncn¡p¶p F¶v Adnbn¡pI. AXv
Sm³ km[n¡pIbpanÃ. Ahcnse [\nIcn \n¶pw kzoIcn¨v Ahcnse
Zcn{Zcn hnXcWw sN¿pIbpamWv th−Xv ''1
AXmXv {]tZi¯v \ÂIpI ChnsS Ahcnse [\nIcn \n¶pw tiJcn¨v A
kIm¯v ]cns¨Sp¡p¶ {]tZi¯v Xs¶ \ÂI hcnse Zcn{Zcn hnXcWw sN¿m\mWv ]dªn«p
Ww F¶XmWv \_n() kzlm_nItfmSv \ÂIn ÅXv. AXvsIm−v Hcp {]tZi¯v kIm¯v kzoI
bncp¶ D]tZi§fn \n¶pw a\ÊnemIp¶Xv. cn¡m³ AhIminIÄ CÃm¯ AhkvYbn am

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ambn hcp¶hÀ¡v th−n ""AÃmlpth, AhÀ¡v
kIm¯v ZmXm¡Ä¡v {]mÀ°n¡Â \o \· \ÂtIWta'' F¶v {]mÀ°n¡mdp−mbn
cp¶p. A_q Au^ Xs³d kIm¯pambn h¶
kIm¯v \ÂIp¶hÀ¡v th−n {]mÀ°n¡Wsa t¸mÄ ""AÃmlpth, A_q Au^bpsS IpSpw_
¶pw AXv AhÀ¡v kam[m\w \ÂIpsa¶pw ¯n\v \o \· \ÂtIWta'' F¶v {]mÀ°n¡pI
JpÀB\pw lZokpw hyIvXam¡p¶p−v: bp−mbn.''1

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Ibpw sN¿m\pXIp¶ Zm\w (kIm¯v) AhcpsS apBZv() hns\ ba\nte¡v \ntbmKn¨ Ahkc
kz¯pIfn \n¶v \o hm§pI. AhÀ¡v th−n ¯n At±l¯n\v \ÂInbncp¶ D]tZi¯nÂ
\o {]mÀ°n¡pIbpw sN¿pI. XoÀ¨bmbpw \n C{]Imcw ImWm³ Ignbpw:
s³d {]mÀ°\ AhÀ¡v kam[m\taIpI Xs¶
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1 1
kqd Xu_: 103. apkvenw
kIm¯v 61  
kIm¯v 62  

hnXcWw sN¿pIbmWv th−Xv. A¡mcy¯n bnse¦nepw Fs´¦nepw In«psa¶v IcpXn X§


AhÀ \ns¶ A\pkcn¨m AhcpsS [\¯nse fpsS A`nam\w t]mepw ]Wbs¸Sp¯n ]W¡m
GÁhpw ap´nbXv FSp¡p¶Xv \o kq£n¡Ww. cpsS ho«papÁ¯v F¯ns¸Spt¼mÄ AsXÃmw
aÀ±nXs³d {]mÀ°\sb \o kq£n¡Ww AXn daZm\n sImSp¯p Ignªp F¶v ]dªv aS¡n
\pw AÃmlphn\pw CSbn adbp−mIp¶XÃ''1 Ab¡mdmWv A¯c¡mcpsS ]Xnhv.
kIm¯v ]ncns¨Sp¡p¶hÀ GÁhpw ap´nbXv kIm¯v bYmÀ°¯n Hmtcmcp¯cptSbpw h
FSp¡pt¼mÄ AXv DSakvY\v {]bmkap−m¡m cpam\w e`yamIp¶ kabw GXmtWm AtX ka
³ CShcp¯pIbpw Ahs³d a\Êv A¡mcy b¯v Xs¶ sImSp¯p hot«−XmWv. HcmÄ I¨
¯n Hcp ]t£ AhÀ¡v FXncmIm\pw CShcp hSw XpS§nbXv daZm³ amk¯nemWv F¦nÂ
¯pw. AXn\m kIm¯v GÁhpw ap´nbXpw AbmÄ hÀjw XnIbpt¼mÄ IW¡v t\m¡n da
GÁhpw tamis¸«Xpw AÃm¯ \ne¡pÅXmbn Zm³ amk¯n sImSp¡mhp¶XmWv. AXÃmsX
cn¡Ww. C¡mcyw \ÂIp¶hcpw ]ncns¨Sp¡p¶ FÃm BfpIfpw kIm¯v sImSp¡m\mbn daZm³
hcpw {]tXyIw {i²nt¡−XmWv. amkw hcm³ Im¯p\n¡p¶Xn {]tXyIw ]p
Wysam¶panÃ. daZm\ns³d ]pWyw sFOnI Zm\
kIm¯pw daZm³ amkhpw [À½§Ä¡v D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m³ ]dªXv sX
kIm¯v hnXcWw daZm³ amkhpambn _\v[ Án²cn¨mbncn¡mw C§s\ Hcp [mcW apkvenw
s¸Sp¯p¶ Hcp k{¼Zmbw C¶v an¡ {]tZi§ kaql¯n IS¶ph¶Xv. \nÀ_\v[ambpw \nÀ
fnepw I−phcp¶ H¶mWv. CXn\pw ASnkvYm\ Ælnt¡−Xmb Hcp Imcyw, AXv \nÀÆln¡msX
anà F¶XmWv hkvXpX. kwLSnX kIm¯v kw daZm³ hsc \o«ns¡m−pt]mI ]et¸mgpw Ip
`cW hnXcW coXn \S¸nÃm¯ {]tZi§fnemWv ÁIcamtb¡m\pw CShcp¯p¶XmWv. HcmÄ Xm
CXv IqSpXembn I−phcmdpÅXv. CXv kIm¯v ³ sImSp¯v XoÀt¡−Xmb kIm¯v, AXv \nÀ
sImSp¡mXncn¡m\pÅ Hcp D]mbambpw Nnesc _\v[amb kab¯v sImSp¡msX daZm³ hcm³
¦nepw Is−¯p¶ Hcp X{´w IqSnbmWv. ]mh Im¯p\n¡p¶Xn\nSbn AbmÄ acWs¸Sp
§fmb NneÀ ]W¡mcn \n¶pw kIm¯v hI IbmWv F¦n kIm¯v sImSp¡m¯ IpÁ
¯nÂ\n¶pw AbmÄ apIvX\mIp¶XÃ. \mw H
cmfn \n¶pw ISambn ssI¸Ánb apX Ft¸m
1
kzlolv C_v\p amP 1/568 \¼À : 1783 gmtWm AXv ho«m\mhiyamb kwJy \½psS
kIm¯v 63  
kIm¯v 64  

ssIhiw hcp¶Xv At¸mÄ Xs¶ AXv ho«Â \mWb¯p«pIÄ Hcp¡n X¿mdm¡n ho«n F
\nÀ_\v[amWv. HcmÄ AXv sImSp¯v ho«m³ da ¯p¶hÀ¡v C«psImSp¯v C¯cw ZpcmNmcs¯
Zm³ Im¯p\n¡pIbmsW¦n AXv icnbÃ; \ne \nÀ¯nt¸mcpIbpw sNbvXphcp¶p.
F¶Xv GsXmcmfpw k½Xn¡p¶XmWv. AXp ]mh\amb CkvemanI kwkvImcs¯ If¦s¸Sp
t]mse¯s¶bmWv kIm¯nt\bpw \mw ImtW ¯n, DZm¯amb kIm¯v hyhkvYsb aen\s¸
−Xv. Sp¯p ¶ Cu ZpchkvY I−n«pw I®S¡p¶ ]p
kIm¯v \ÂIp¶ hnjb¯n daZm³ amk¯n tcmlnX·mcpsS au\amWv Gsd hnNn{Xw !?
\v Xs¶ {]tXyIXsbm¶pansöv a\ÊnemIp
t¼mÄ daZm³ 27 mw cmhv Im¯ncn¡p¶Xnepw A \akvImc¯n\v \_n( ) A\phZn¡pIbpw t{]m
À°ansöv Ffp¸¯n a\Ênem¡mhp¶Xm Âkmln¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX amXrI ]n³]Án
Wv. daZm³ 26 \v kIm¯ns³d t]cv ]dªv kv ]ÅnIfnte¡v \akvImc¯n\mbn t]mIp¶ apkv
{XoIÄ AS¡w sNdnbhcpw henbhcpw ]W enw kv{XoIÄ¡pw AXn\v kuIcyw sNbvXp
¡mcpsS hoSpIÄ tXmdpw Ibdnbnd§p¶, Ckv sImSp¡p¶hÀ¡pw t\sc ldmw ^Xvhbpambn
emans³d ]hn{Xamb kwkvImc¯n\v t]mepw If Cd§p¶hÀ kIm¯n\mbn hoSpsX−p¶ kv{Xo
¦ta¸n¡p¶ hr¯nsI« coXn C¶pw ]e {]tZ IfptSbpw [\mUycptSbpw t\sc I®S¡p¶
i§fnepw \ne\n¡p¶p−v. daZm\nse ]pWyam Xnse hntcm[m`mkhpw \mw a\Ênemt¡−Xm
¡s¸« {hXa\pjvTn¨psIm−v \nÀÆln¡p¶ e Wv. Cu coXn \ne \nÀ¯nsb¦n am{XamWv X§
Ömlamb Cu coXn F{X tamis¸«XmWv. fptSbpw \ne `{Zambn¯ocpIbpÅq. FÃm hoSp
Ifn \n¶pw 27 mw cmhn kIm¯v hnlnXw X
C¯cw B`mkIcamb AhkvYbnte¡v Ckv §Ä¡pw e`n¡pasÃm F¶ Nn´bmIpw AhÀ
emw hn`mh\w sN¿p¶ kIm¯v coXn XcwXmWp ¡v !! AÃmlphns³d {]Jym]\w F{X hyIvXw:
t]mIm³ daZm³ Ccp]t¯gmw cmhmWv Hcp
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\w Is−¯p¶p. AXn\mbn B Znhkt¯¡v X·mcnepw s]« [mcmfw t]À P\§fpsS [\w A
kIm¯v 65  
kIm¯v 66  

\ymbambn Xn¶pIbpw AÃmlphns³d amÀ¤¯n b§sft¸mse `cWm[nImcnbpsS t\XrXz¯n


 \n¶pw (Ahsc) XSbpIbpw sN¿p¶p.''1 tem AXsæn `c-Wm[nImcn \nban¡p¶hcp
sS NpaXebntem \nÀÆln¡s¸tS−XmWv. C¶
kIm¯v I½nÁn s¯ kmlNcy¯n `cWm[nImcnbpsS \nb{´
\_n()bpsSbpw Jpe^mDÀdmjnZpIfpsSbpw W¯n \nÀÆln¡s¸«ncp¶ Imcy§Ä alÃv I
Ime¯v kwLSnX kIm¯v ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ ½nÁn t\cnt«m AXsæn alÃv I½nÁn NpaX
Xn\v {]tXyIamb NpaXeIÄ G¸n¡s¸« kz es¸Sp¯p¶ hyIvXnItfm BWv \nÀÆln¡p¶
lm_nIsf \ap¡v Ncn{X¯n Is−¯m³ I Xv. AXpsIm−v Xs¶ kIm¯v hnjbhpw alÃv
gnbp¶XmWv. DZmlcWambn A_qkCuZp I½nÁn t\cnt«m AXsæn alÃv I½nÁn Npa
Xes¸Sp¯p¶htcm AXpasæn kIm¯v hn
JpZvcn¿v()hns\ kIm¯v ]ncns¨Sp¡p¶Xn\pw jb¯n\v am{Xambn Hcp {]tZi¯v {]tXyIam
A_qlpssdd( )hns\ kIm¯v apXÂ kq£n bn kIm¯v I½nÁntbm cq]oIcn¨v AXns³d Io
¸ns³d Imh¡mc\mbpw NpaXe G¸n¨ncp¶ gn \nÀÆln¡s¸SpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ am{X
Xmbn ImWm³ Ignbpw. amWv {]kvXpX hnjb¯nse kp¶¯v \nÀÆln
CXn \ns¶Ãmw kIm¯v k{¼Zmbw kvYncambn ¡s¸Sp¶Xv.
\n e\n¡p¶ kvYm]\ambn hÀ¯n¨ncp¶Xm
bmWv a\ÊnemIpI. ImcWw kIm¯v kaql I½nÁn hntcm[nIfpw ZpÀ\ymb§fpw
¯n FÃm Ime¯pw hn\nabw sN¿s¸tS− H kaql¯n asÁÃm hnjb§fnse¶ t]mse
¶mbmWv JpÀB\pw lZokpw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p kIm¯v kwLSnXambn hnXcWw sN¿p¶Xns\
¶Xv. klmbhpw klIcWhpw FÃm kab¯pw Xncnepw Nne A]i_vZ§Ä tIÄ¡mdp−v. A¯
Bhiyambnhcpw F¶Xpw XÀ¡aÁXmWsÃm. c¡mcpsS hmZKXnIfpw AhbpsS kXymhkvY
AXpsIm−v Xs¶ asÁÃm hnjb§sf t]m bpw Fs´¶v ]cntim[n¡mw.
se¯s¶ kIm¯v hnXcW coXnbnepw \_n( )
amXrI ImWn¨p X¶n«p−v. AXv CkvemanI `c 1. CkvemanI `cWapÅ Ime¯v am{XamWv kw
Ww \nehnepÅ {]tZiamsW¦n asÁÃm hnj LSnX hnXcW coXn \ne\n¶ncp¶Xv. C¶v \½p
sS \m«n CkvemanI `cWanÃm¯Xv sIm−v \ap
1
kqd Xu_: 24. ¡Xv _m[IaÃ.
kIm¯v 67  
kIm¯v 68  

CkvemanI `cWapÅ Ime¯v \S¯s¸«ncp¶ "" Zm\[À½§Ä (kIm¯v) \ÂtI−Xv Zcn{Z·mÀ


At\Iw hnjb§Ä Ckvemanep−v. Ahbn ¡pw AKXnIÄ¡pw, AXns³d (kImXns³d) Im
s]«XmWv kwLSnX \akvImcw, kwLSnX kIm cy¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hÀ¡pw, (Ckvemapambn)
¯v, hnhml-- -- hnhmltamN\ kw_\v[amb hnj a\ÊpIÄ CW¡s¸«hÀ¡pw, ASnaIfpsS (tam
b§Ä, A\´c kz¯v kw_\v[amb XÀ¡§Ä N\) Imcy¯nepw, ISwsIm−v hnjan¡p¶hÀ
¡pÅ ]cnlmc§Ä . . . F¶Xpt]mepÅ ¡pw, AÃmlphns³d amÀ¤¯nepw, bm{X¡mc
hnjb§Ä. Chbn kIm¯v kw_\v[amb \pw am{XamWv. AÃmlphn¦Â \n¶v \nivNbn¡
hnjb§Ä¡v am{Xw `cW{]iv\hpw aÁv hnj s¸«Xs{X CXv. AÃmlp FÃmw Adnbp¶h\pw
b§Ä alÃv ASnkvYm\¯n JXzo_v/JmZnamÀ bpIvXnam\pamIp¶p''1
\nÀÆln¡pIbpw sNbvXp hcp¶p. CXn kIm
¯v hnjbw am{Xw alÃv ASnkvYm\¯n JXzo kIm¯v hn\ntbmKnt¡−Xmb, kIm¯ns³d
_v/JmZn¡v \S¯n¡qSm¯XmWv F¶Xn\v {] AhIminIsf hnhcn¡p¶ apIfn ]dª B
tXyIw sXfnhv D²cn¡m³ Ignbmt¯St¯mfw b¯n IpSpw_¡msc AÃmlp F®nbn«nÃ. A
ta ]dbs¸« hmZw ASnkvYm\ clnXamWv. XpsIm−v Xs¶ apIfn ]dª hmZ¯ns³d
s]můcw hyIvXamIp¶XmWv. F¶m IpSpw
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hcpsS ASp¯ IpSpw_¡msc ]cnKWn¡m\pw ¡p¶nÃ. AXn\mbn aÁv amÀ¤§Ä kzZJbpw
Ahsc {]tXyIambn klmbn¡m\pw km[n¡pw. (sFOnIZm\w) klmb§fpw Ckvemw \nivNbn
I½nÁn aptJs\ kwLSnXambn \nÀÆln¡pt¼m ¨n«pap−v.
Ä AXn\pÅ Ahkcw \jvSs¸Sp¶p. Hcp {]tZi¯pÅ ]mhs¸«hcpsS enkvÁn F
kIm¯v hn\ntbmKnt¡−Xv BÀs¡ms¡bmWv ´mbncp¶mepw ta ]dbs¸« IpSpw_¡mÀ D
F¶Xv ]S¨h³ Xs¶ hyIvXam¡n¯¶n«p−v: Äs¸SmsX t]mhpIbpanÃ. AXpsIm−v kwLSn
Xambn \ÂIpt¼mÄ AhcpsS AhImiw Ahcn
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kIm¯v 69  
kIm¯v 70  

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Xn \n¶v AI¶v \n¡m\pw BfpIÄ ta ]d en«v \mw Ahs\ Icn¡p¶XpamWv. AsX{X tam
bs¸« hmZw D]mbambn Is−¯mdp−v. iamb ]cyhkm\w''1
3. hyIvXnIÄ t\cn«v \ÂIpt¼mÄ AhIminIÄ \_n()bpsS ASp¡Â Hcp kzlm_n h¶v tNm
¡v Xs¶ IrXyambn AXv F¯n¨p; F¶v Dd¸v h ) \ÂInb a
Zn¨ tNmZyhpw AXn\v {]hmNI³(
cp¯pIbpw kam[m\n¡pIbpw sN¿mw. F¶m dp]Snbpw ImWpI:
kwLSnXambn \ÂIpt¼mÄ C§ns\ Hcp a\Ê
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sg ]dbp¶ Bb¯ns³d Kuchw HmÀ¡p¶Xv \ t\mSpw dkqent\mSpw B hnjb¯nepÅ Fs³d
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hnjb§fntet¡m Nnehgn¡ptam F¶v \mw A h\pw X½n Bbn¡gnªp. F¶mepw \_n ( )
dnbpIbnÃ. AXn\m Ah\h³ Xs¶ kz´ bpw ap³KmanIfpw \nÀÆln¨v amXrI ImWn¨ H
ambn \nÀÆln¨m C¯cw {]iv\§sfm¶pap cp hnjbw \½psS Nn´IÄ¡v A\pkcn¨v amÁw
−mhpIbnÃ. hcp¯m³ \ap¡v AhImianÃ.
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sIm−pXs¶ [\¯ns³d k¡m¯v \ÂIÂ _m
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F¶m BfpIfpsS AhkvY \n§Ä¡v Adnbm
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kIm¯v 73  
kIm¯v 74  

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k¡m¯v \ÂI \nÀ_\v[am¡nbncn¡p¶p.''1 hksa¦nepw bmN\bn \n¶v BfpIÄ c£s¸
Sm³ th−nbpw IqSnbmWv; F¶pw ImWmhp¶
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¶Xn\v {]tXyI \nkzm_v \nÀ®bn¡s¸«n«nÃ. H sc hncp²ambn s]cp¶mÄ Znhkw ^nXzÀ kIm
cp hyIvXnbpsS hiw Xt³dbpw Xm³ Nnehp \ ¯n\mbn bmNn¡m\nd§p¶ hntcm[m`mkamWv
ÂIm³ _m[yXbpÅhcptSbpw s]cp¶mÄ Znh \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp¶Xv ]¬UnX·mcpw kap
ks¯ Nnehp Ign¨v [\w _m¡n bpÅhscÃmw Zmb ]cnjvIÀ¯m¡fpw CXns¶Xncn DWÀ¶p
CXv \ÂtI−XmWv F¶ hnjb¯n apkvenw {]hÀ¯nt¡−Imew AXn{Ian¨ncn¡p¶p.
]¬VnX·mÀ¡v CSbn A`n{]mb hyXymkanÃ.
F´mbncn¡Ww \ÂtI−Xv:
AXmIs« BsWt¶m s]s®t¶m hyXymkanÃm
sX sNdnbhÀ¡pw henbhÀ¡pw, ASnaIÄ¡pw A_qkCuZn JpZvcn¿v() ]dbp¶p:
kzX{´À¡pw FÃmhÀ¡p th−nbpw \ÂI \n
À_\v[amWv. 9 .K
6 B 1 [.   1  -3 F . 6 17
. 6 /"+ 1 /KJ1 / 6 6. m F 1 /'4 M4
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4 1 6KJ1  6 . hkc¯n Hcp kzmAv hoXw `£Ww, tKmX¼v,
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""^nXzÀ kIm¯v t\m¼pImc\n kw`hnt¨¡m ÂInbncp¶X.v''2
\nSbpÅ A\mhiy§fn \n¶pw sXÁpIfn \_nbpw kzlm-_nIfpw tKmX¼v, ap´ncn, Cu
\n¶papÅ ip²oIcWhpw Zcn{ZÀ¡pÅ `£W ¯¸gw, ]m¡«n F¶nhsbms¡ ^nXzÀ k¡m

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1 2
apkvenw apX^Jp³ Asseln.
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kIm¯v 76  

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W km[\§fmWv \ÂtI−Xv F¶ Imcy¯n e¯v ]Xnhp−mbncp¶nÃ.
]¬UnX·mÀ GIm`n{]mb¡mcmWv.
   - 0 -?   0V  0

`£Wkm[\§fpsS hne \ÂImtam ? <  I < ) V  J    
`£Wkm[\w hm§ns¡mSp¡m³ hnizkvXcmb (2123 : ? /1 0=
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Xphns³d hne ^nXzdv kIm¯mbn \ÂImhp¶ (^nXzvÀ kIm¯v) kq£n¡phm³ \_n( ) F
XmWv. kIm¯v hnXcWw sN¿p¶Xn\v NpaXe s¶ NpaXes¸Sp¯n.''1
s¸Sp¯n aÁpÅhsc G¸n¡p¶Xv t]mse¯ ta ]dbs¸« lZokn A_qlpssdd( )hns\
s¶bmWv CXpw IW¡m¡s¸SpI. ^nXzÀ kIm¯v kq£n¡m³ NpaXe G¸n¨n
F¶m AÀlXs¸« BfpIÄ¡v \m«nse apJy cp¶p F¶Xn \n¶p Xs¶ AXv t\cs¯ kw`
Blmc hkvXp¡Ä \ÂIpI F¶Xmbncn¡Ww cn¨ncp¶p F¶pw, ^nXzÀ kIm¯pw hyIvXnIÄ
\mw \nÀÆln¡p¶ coXn. \½psS bpIvXntb¡m t\cn«v \ÂIembncp¶nà Ckvemans³d BZyIme
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ZokpIfneqsS \mw a\Ênem¡nbXmWv. t¸mÄ am{Xsa AÀlXs¸«hÀ Xgbs¸SmXncn
¡m\pw IgnbpIbpÅq.
hnXcW coXn
aÁp kIm¯pt]mse¯s¶ ^nXzÀkIm¯pw
kwLSnXambn¯s¶bmbncp¶p \_nbptSbpw
kzlm_¯nt³dbpw ]qÀÆnIcmb CamapIfptS
bpw Ime L«¯n hnXcWw sNbvXncp¶Xv. hy
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) I¸n¨Xv
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1 B . B . B
1 B . 1 1 /KJ1 / -D B?6
. 4KB F .
apIfn sImSp¯ lZokn \n¶pw hyIvXamWv.
""AhÀ (kzlm_nIÄ) ^nXzÀkIm¯v s]cp¶m
1 
6  . B  2
B . . 54 F/. 86. 0
. 1T76 1 
6  -D B?6 . 2
B . fns³d H¶pw c−pw Znhkw ap¼pXs¶ hnXcWw
C# <  5#   
) S 1 6? . 1 85?6 . 
. 0 . T1 76 sN¿mdp−mbncp¶p.''1 k¡m¯pIsfÃmw ]ncns¨
(3570 :? 0= Sp¡p¶ kvYe¯pXs¶ hnXcWw sN¿m³ \nÀ
t±in¡s¸«Xn\m \mw s]cp¶mÄ kab¯v Ign
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Xv hnXcWw sNbvXm AXv ^nXzÀ kIm¯mbn. ambn«pÅsX¶v a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. A{]Im
F¶m \akvImc¯n\v tijw hÃh\pw \ÂIp cw Xs¶ ^nXzvdv kIm¯ns³d e£yambn ]mh
IbmsW¦n AXv tIhew Hcp Zm\ambn am{Xta §fpsS `£Whnjbw FSp¯v ]dªXpsIm−v
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¯n¶v D]Imcs¸S¯¡hn[w s]cp¶mfn¶v H AÃmlp \s½ A\p{Kln¡s«. (Bao³)
t¶m ct−m Znhkw ap¼vXs¶ hnXcWw sN¿m
hp¶XmWv. AÀlXs¸«hcpsS hoSpIfnte¡v F      ! 

 
 

¯n¡phm³ AXv BhiyamWpXm\pw. daZm\nse
GXp Znhkhpw AXv \ÂImsa¶Imcyw Camw \
hhn(::) tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p−v (idlp apl± _v).
amk¸ndhn Dd¸mbm am{Xta sImSp¯p IqSq
F¶nÃ. kzlm_nIÄ s]cp¶mfn¶p ap¼p Xs¶
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