EF

EF

W
K

? ? EF ?

EF

KKK

K
K

KKKKKK

EF

EF

(Concept) J

K

(Apparatus) J

K
K

K
K
K220

K330

K(1N4007)

K10k4.7k1k
(Procedure) J
W J J
2VKEF

EFVfK
KVfIf

220

mA

2V

S
1k or
A 4.7k or
10k

EF

--

1N4007

EF

Vf

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

V
mA

If
EF

W J J
2VKEF

EFVrK
KVrIr

330

0 --- 30 V

1N4007

EF
Vr

10

12

Ir

14

16

18

20

V
A

EF
EFEFW J
K

--

EF

--

EF

(Results) J

W K
VB = --------------- volt

W(If) K
If = ---------- mA

WVf = 0.8VVf = 0.5V(If) K

If = ---------- mA, ---------- mA.

WVr = -18VVr = -2V(Ir) K

Ir = ---------- A, ---------- A.

--

EF

EF

(Concept) J

K

(Apparatus) J

K
K

K
K
K220

K330

K(AA118)

K10k4.7k1k
(Procedure) J
W J J
2VKEF

EFVfK
KVfIf
220

mA

2V

S
1k or
A 4.7k or
10k

EF

--

AA118

EF

Vf

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

V
mA

If
EF

W J J
2VKEF

EFVrK
KVrIr

330

0 --- 30 V

AA118

EF

Vr

10

12

Ir
EF

14

16

18

20

V
A

EFEFW J
K
--

EF

--

EF

(Results) J

W K
VB = --------------- volt

W(If) K
If = ---------- mA

WVf = 0.8VVf = 0.5V(If) K

If = ---------- mA, ---------- mA.

WVr = -18VVr = -2V(Ir) K

Ir = ---------- A, ---------- A.

--

EF

EF

(Concept) J

K
(Circuit Diagram) J
1N4007

220 V
60 Hz

V V
in

330

Vout

(Apparatus) J

KEF
K(AVO)

K330

K10F

K100F

K(1N4007)
(Procedure) J
K K

K60Hz K

W6V(RMS) K
Vin = --------------- volt

--

EF

(Vin)pEFVin K
W(Vin)p-p J
(Vin)p = --------------- volt
(Vin)p-p = --------------- volt

(Vout)pEFVout K
W

(Vout)p = --------------- volt

W(DC value) K
KW
(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

W10FW
(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

W100FW
(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

WVrippleEF K
KW
Vripple = --------------- volt

W10FW
Vripple = --------------- volt

W100FW
Vripple = --------------- volt

W K
fripple = --------------- Hz
--

EF

W K
W











W

--

EF

W10F

W100F

--

EF

EF

(Concept) J

(Circuit Diagram) J

1N4007

220
220 V
V
60
60 Hz
Hz

V1

V
1N4007

RL
330

V2

(Apparatus) J

KEF
K(AVO)

K330

K10F

K100F

K(1N4007)

(Procedure) J
K K

K60Hz K

W6V(RMS) K
Vin = --------------- volt

- -

EF

(Vin)pEFVin K
W(Vin)p-p J
(Vin)p = --------------- volt

(Vin)p-p = --------------- volt

(Vout)pEFVout K
W

(Vout)p = --------------- volt

W(DC value) K
KW
(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

W10FW
(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

W100FW
(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

WVrippleEF K
KW
Vripple = --------------- volt

W10FW
Vripple = --------------- volt

W100FW
Vripple = --------------- volt

W K
fripple = --------------- Hz

W K
- -

EF

- -

EF

W10F

W100F

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J

(Circuit Diagram) J
C1

220 V
60 Hz

Vin

1N4007

1N4007

C2

Vout RL

(Circuit Operation Theory) J

D1
(VP)

C1 D2

K(VB) D1

C1D2D1

2VP C2 K2VP C2

C2

K2VP
(Apparatus) J

KEF
K(AVO)

K0.1f

K1k

K(1N4007)
- -

EF

(Procedure) J
K K

K60Hz K

W6V(RMS) K
Vin = --------------- volt

(Vin)pEFVin K
W(Vin)p-p J
(Vin)p = --------------- volt

(Vin)p-p = --------------- volt

(Vout)pEFVout K
W

(Vout)p = --------------- volt

W(DC value) K
WW

(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

WW
(Vout)dc = --------------- volt

W K

- -

EF

- -

EF

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J

(Apparatus) J

K
K

K220

K(1k or 4.7k or 10k)

K(6.2V/1W)

(Procedure) J
(Forward Bias) W J J
2VKEF

EF Vf K
KVfIf
220
+
E
2V

If
S

V Vf

1k or
A 4.7k or
10k

EF

- -

mA

6.2V/1W

EF

Vf

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

If

mA

EF
(Reverse Bias) W J J
2VKEF

EF Vr K
KVrIr

330

0 30 V

Ir

6.2V/1W

V V
r

EF

Vr

10

12

14

16

18

20

V
A

Ir
EF

EFEFW J
K

- -

EF

- -

EF

(Results) J

W K
VZener = --------------- volt

WVf = 0.8VVf = 0.5V(If) K

If = ---------- mA, ---------- mA

WVr = -18VVr = -12VVr = -1V(Ir) K

If = ---------- A, ---------- A, ---------- A

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J

(load regulation)

. (line regulation)

(Apparatus) J

K
K

K
K
K220

K10k

K(6.2V/1W)

(Procedure) J
(Zener Regulation with a Variable Load) W J J
KEFK
220

mA

+
mA
12 V

RL
10k

6.2V/1W

EF
K12VK

- -

EF

EFRLK
VLILIZ
KRL

RL

10

IL

mA

IZ

mA

VL

EF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
KRLVLK

- -

EF

- -

EF

W J J

Zener Regulation with a Varying input Voltage

KEF K
220

mA

mA

RL
1k

20 V

VZ
6.2V

VS

EF
K10VVS K

EFVS K
VLISIZ

KVS

VS

10

10.5

11

11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

IS

mA

IZ

mA

VL

EF

W
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
KVSVL K
- -

EF

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J
NPN
VBE IB

K VCE
(Circuit Diagram) J

+15V
100

10k

33k

IB

BC 140

VCE

1k

0V

(Apparatus) J

K(AVO)

K10k

K(BC140)NPN

K33k

K1k

- -

EF

(Procedure) J
1k K

10kKVCE = 1VVCE
KVBE

IB

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

VCE = 1V VBE

VCE = 2V VBE

VCE = 3V VBE

VCE K
K1k

VCE K
KK

- -

EF

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J
NPN

VCE IC
K

(Circuit Diagram) J

+15V
100

mA

IC
10k

33k

Ib

BC 140

V
Vce

1k

0V

(Apparatus) J

K(AVO)

K10k

K(BC140)NPN

K33k

K1k

- -

EF

(Procedure) J
IB10k K
1kKIB = 0.1mA
KIC

0.1

VCE

0.2

0.3

0.5

IB = 0.1mA

IC

mA

IB = 0.2mA

IC

mA

IB = 0.3mA

IC

mA

IB = 0.4mA

IC

mA

K
K10k

K K
W K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- -

EF

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J

(Circuit Diagram) J

VCC = 15 V

R1

RC
+

C1

C2

R2

Re
GND

Ce

(Apparatus) J

K
K
K

K(AVO)

KR1 = 100k
KR2 = 10k

KRc = 220k

KRe = 220 or 150

C1 = 1F

- -

EF

C2 = 10F or 4.7F
Ce = 47F or 100F
(Tr. 40V/1A)

(Procedure) J
EFW J J

K15V K
KVB, VE, VBE, VC, and VCE K

W K
VB
volt

VE
volt

VBE
Volt

VC
volt

VCE
volt

KW
W
W J J
15V K
K

K
K1kHz J30mV

KC1 K
W J K
Vout(p-p) = --------------- volt
fout
- -

= --------------- Hz

EF

Av = Vout / Vin = ---------------

W(dB)

Av(dB) = 20log(Vout / Vin) = --------------- dB

Phase Shift = --------------- degree

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J

(Circuit Diagram) J

VCC = 15 V

R1

RC
+

C1

C2

+
+

R2

C3

Re
GND

(Apparatus) J

K
K
K

K(AVO)

KR1 = 100k
KR2 = 10k

KRc = 3.3k

KRe = 220 or 150

- -

C1 = 1F
C2 = 10F or 4.7F
Ce = 47F or 100F
(Tr. 40V/1A)

EF

(Procedure) J
EFW J J
K15V K
KVB, VE, VBE, VC, and VCE K

W K

VB
volt

VE
volt

VBE
volt

VC
Volt

VCE
volt

.W
W
W J J
15V K
K

K
K1kHz J30mV

KC1 K
W J K
Vout(p-p) = --------------- volt
fout

= --------------- Hz

W K
Av = Vout / Vin = --------------- -

EF

W(dB) K
Av(dB) = 20log(Vout / Vin) = --------------- dB

K K
W K
Phase Shift = --------------- degree

K K

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J

(Circuit Diagram) J

VCC = 15 V

R1
C1

RC

+
+

R2

Re
GND

Ce

C2

(Apparatus) J

K
K

K(AVO)

KR1 = 10k
KR2 = 10k

KRc = 3.3k

KRe = 1k

- -

EF

C1 = 1F
C2 = 10F or 4.7F
Ce = 47F or 100F
(Tr. 40V/1A)

(Procedure) J
EFW J J
15V K
K

KVB, VE, VBE, VC, and VCE K

W K

VB
volt

VE
Volt

VBE
volt

VC
volt

VCE
Volt

.W
W
W J J
15V K
K

K
K1kHz J30mV

KC1 K

W J K
Vout(p-p) = --------------- volt
- -

EF

fout

= --------------- Hz

W K
Av = Vout / Vin = ---------------

W(dB) K
Av(dB) = 20log(Vout / Vin) = --------------- dB

K K
W K
Phase Shift = --------------- degree

K K

- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J
K

(Circuit Diagram) J

on

Vin

off

on
off

(Apparatus) J

K(AVO)

KRc = 270

KRB = 3.3 k

NPN2N222A
(Procedure) J
K K

KVCC = 9v K

KRB K

KLEDVin = 0V K
KLEDVin = 5V K

K(on) K
- -

EF

EF

(Concept) J
p-

ID

K VGS_VDS_
(Circuit Diagram) J

-30V

mA

ID

+5V

+
10k
or
22k
or
47k

V VDS
+

+
VGS

RG
1M

(Apparatus) J

K(AVO)

K1M

K47k22k10k

KEp JFJFET

(Procedure) J
10k K
KVGS = 0VVGS_

EF

VDS_ K
KID

VDS/V

-0.5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-10

-20

ID/ mA

VGS = 0V

ID/ mA

VGS =+1V

ID/ mA

VGS = +2V

ID/ mA

VGS =+3V

ID/ mA

VGS = +4V

ID/ mA

VGS = +5V

ID/ mA

VGS = +6V

VGS_ K
K10k

VGS_ K
K

W K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVGS_

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVDS_
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

VPVDS_
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

EF

EF

EF

(Concept) J
n
_ ID

K VDS_VGS
(Circuit Diagram) J

5V

ID

-5V

mA

_
10k
or
22k
or
47k

+
V VDS
_

RG
1M

(Apparatus) J

K(AVO)

K47k22k10k

KEn JFJFET

(Procedure) J
K
K

KVDS = 5VVDS _

EF

VGS_
KID

For VDS = 5V
VGS/V

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4

-4.5

-5

ID/ mA

K

EF

EF

(REFERENCES)

[1] Millman, J., and C. C. Halkias, Integrated Electronics, McGraw-Hill Book Company,
New York, 1972.
[2] Millman, J., and G. Arvin, Microelectronics, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, New York, 1987.
[3] Thomas L.Floyed, Electronic Devices, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hill, 1999
[4] Yang, E. S., Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices, McGraw-Hill Book Company,
New York, 1978.

EF

W
W
W
W
W
W

W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W