Hi tho quc gia ln th XV: Mt s vn chn lc ca Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng- H Ni, 03-04/12/2012

Mt gii php kho cng bo v bn quyn phn mm

Phm c Long
Khoa Cng ngh T ng ha i hc CNTT&TT Thi Nguyn Thi Nguyn, Vit Nam e-mail: pdlong@ictu.edu.vn
AbstractTrong bi bo ny chng ti trnh by mt gii php xy dng kho cng gn trn cng USB ca my tnh PC. Kho cng c cung cp km theo mi sn phm phn mm nn chng c nn sao chp, in lu. Thi gian d tm ra kho cng vi mc bo v thp nht khong 10 nm. Gi thnh ca kho cng chim t trng rt nh trong tng gi tr t hp phn mm + kho cng. Phn 1 ca bo co im li vic s dng kho cng hin nay trong thc t. Phn 2 trnh by v gii php thc hin: s mch in ca kho cng, nguyn l lm vic ca phn cng, phn mm. Phn 3 nh gi tin cy ca gii php. Cui cng trong phn 4 l thc nghim hot ng ca kho cng vi phn mm chy trn Windows. Keywords: hardlock; kha cng;3DES.

Bi Vn Tng
Khoa Cng ngh T ng ha i hc CNTT&TT Thi Nguyn Thi Nguyn, Vit Nam e-mail: bvtung@ictu.edu.vn tnh (hoc ni chung l thit b m trn phn mm chy). Giao din cm kha cng c th l cng COM, LPT, USB ngy nay ph bin l qua USB. Khi ci t phn mm ngi ta c th khng cn s dng kha cng; nhng khi s dng bt buc phi c kha cng. Nu khng c kha cng th phn mm khng lm vic hoc lm vic sai. Mi bn ci t ch dng 1 kha; khng th dng chung mt kha cng cho nhiu phn mm; tr khi nh sn xut cho php khi khch hng mua mt gi nhm sn phm no . Hin nay c nhiu loi kha cng c bn rng ri trn th trng. Cc sn phm ny c giao tip qua cng USB. Kha cng gm mt b vi x l trong cha vi chng trnh giao tip vi phn mm trong khi hot ng. Cc thut ton m thng c s dng l DES, DES3 hoc RSA. Vic m ha y khng phi l m ha ton b phn mm m ch l m ha mt s nhm d liu chng hn d liu khi to, d liu dng trong giao tip kha-phn mm,... Cc kha cng hin nay cng c th cho php ngi dng chn phng php m ha, cho php m ha nhiu mc trong mt phn mm. Cc kha cng cng cho php truy nhp t xa kim sot kha qua mng my tnh... Vit Nam vic nghin cu kha cng cha c thc hin nhiu do c kin cho rng li ch khi nghin cu kha cng khng nhiu do cc sn phm c bn rng ri trn th trng. Tuy nhin nhm nghin cu cho rng lm ch c mt loi sn phm c tnh nhy cm nh kha cng l vic rt cn thit; nht l trong thi bui phn mm tin hc len li vo mi lnh vc kinh t, dn s cng nh qun s, dn dng cng nh cng nghip... Trong nghin cu ny chng ti xy dng mt loi kha cng ghp qua cng USB ca my tnh PC cng nh cc thit b khc c s dng giao din USB. Kha cng c xy dng trn chip vi iu khin dng 8x51/52 [1] c th d dng pht trin cc tnh nng giao tip vi phn mm v d dng t sn xut chp khi nghin cu hon chnh to ra mt sn phm mang thng hiu Vit Nam trong lnh vc bo mt cng ngh thng tin. II. NGUYN L HOT NG CA KHA CNG Mch in ghp ni kha cng v my tnh PC qua giao din USB nh trn hnh 3. Vi iu khin 8951 ghp vi cng USB qua vi mch chuyn i U1 (PL2303 [2] hoc tng ng). Tn hiu t PC n vi mch ny c chuyn thnh tn hiu giao tip UART vi vi iu khin.

I.

THC T S DNG KHA CNG HIN NAY

Ngy nay cc phn mm tin hc c ng dng rng ri trn nhiu lnh vc. bo v bn quyn phn mm c quan tm ngay t nhng ngy u tin hc pht trin. Mt cng ty phn mm c th b tt gim doanh thu thm ch b ph sn khi sn phm phn mm m cng ty t nhiu hy vng c u t tn km li tr thnh mt sn phm cho khng ngi dng v b b kha bn quyn. Phng thc bo v bn quyn dng phn mm thng dng nht l trong qu trnh ci t n mt on no chng trnh ci t s a ra mt yu cu ngi s dng nhp m bn quyn (licence key) l mt dy k t c nh trc hoc do mt phn mm sinh ngu nhin. D l hnh thc no i na th n on ny kch bn vn l "Nu ng dy k t bn quyn th tip tc; nu sai cho th li mt s ln nu vn sai th thot ra khng ci t c". Nu nhng ngi b kha bng cch no d c on kim tra ny v b on kim tra i hoc thay m bn quyn bng mt m bt k (v d "1111111..." l ph bin trn cc phn mm crack hin nay) th sau khi ci t xong ngi dng c th s dng phn mm bnh thng. Gii b kha nhm vo mi phn mm, c th l cc phn mm s dng rng ri s lng ln (nh windows, office tools, ...) hoc cc phn mm s lng khng ln nhng c gi tr cao nh cc phn mm thit k c chng. V d phn mm code compose ca hng Texas lp trnh cho cc b DSP, card video, m thanh, camera ... c gi n 5000 US$. Mt gii php m hin nay cc nh sn xut bt u p dng rng ri l s dng cc kha cng. Kha cng l mt thit b c cm qua giao din ca my

Hi tho quc gia ln th XV: Mt s vn chn lc ca Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng- H Ni, 03-04/12/2012 Tn hiu UART t vi iu khin c vi mch chuyn i thnh tn hiu m NRZI ni vi chn USBDP v USBDM qua cc in tr R1 v R2 ti hai dy D+ v D(cc u ni 2 v 3 ca USB port). Chc nng kim tra kha cng c tch hp cng chng trnh ng dng (chng trnh cn bo v). Chc nng ny c chy ngm song song cng chng trnh ng dng v c kch hot sau mi khong thi gian t, nu c li do khng thy kha cng hoc kha cng khng ng th s tt ng dng (chc nng ny s b kt thc theo ng dng). Vic kim tra c ng kha cng khng c kim tra xem kha cng c phi l gi khng v kha cng c ng khng. Vic kim tra gi lp bng cch kim tra tn sut chuyn d liu v cu trc gi tin. Vic kim tra c ng l kha cng ca phn mm khng c thc hin bng cch + Bc : PC gi gi tr X (nhm s hoc k t) qua giao din USB n vi iu khin trn kha cng. + Bc : PC i nhn gi tr Y t vi iu khin gi v. Nu thi gian i vt qu Time out (S) th thng bo khng c kha cng. + Nu nhn c X th tnh Y1=f(X) theo cng thut ton trn vi iu khin v so xem Y1=Y? + Nu Y < > Y1 l kha cng khng ng. III. Ch t ng ng dng NH GI TIN CY

Begin

Truyn X < Time out S Khng c kha cng S Y=Y1=f(X)? Kha cng khng ng

S Nhn Y Tnh Y1=f(X)

End
Hnh 1. Thut ton kim tra kha cng trn PC

A. Kim tra s c mt ca phn cng Trn hnh 3 Vi mch U1 lm nhim v ghp ni vi iu khin vi phn mm cn bo v. Nu khng c mt ca kha cng s khng c dng d liu chuyn qua cc chn D+ v D- ca giao din USB v chng trnh kim tra chy song song vi phn mm s pht hin ra s vng mt ca kha cng. B. Chng gi lp kha cng gi lp kha cng c th to ra mt chng trnh gi c s vn chuyn d liu qua giao din USB. chng li kh nng ny th tn sut chuyn d liu v cu trc ca gi tin t kha cng gi n PC s do chng trnh truyn tin trn vi iu khin thc hin. Vi mi kha cng th cc thng s ny li khc nhau. iu ny s gip cho vic pht hin phn mm gi lp kha cng v bit c tn sut v cu trc ca gi tin hacker phi c mt b kha tht v khi dng thit b d ra th ch bit vi mt kha cng m thi. C. M ha trn vi iu khin Vic m ha thc hin bng hm Y=f(X). Qu trnh gm 2 bc. Bc 1 c th dng hm thng dng nh 3DES (Tripple Data Encryption Standard) D liu 64 bit v kha 56 bit. Bc 2 sau m ha bng mt thut ton ring vi kha 4, 8, 16 hoc 32 bit. Cha k kh nng chng m kha ca 3DES th chng ta thy rng Khi m ha bng thut ton ring vi d liu 64 bit v kha 4 bt thi c 8 = 816 = 281474976710656 trng hp cn xt khi kim tra kha. Gi s dng cc my
24

Bt u

c X

Y = f(X)

Truyn Y n PC

Hnh 2.

Thut ton lm vic trn kha cng

Hi tho quc gia ln th XV: Mt s vn chn lc ca Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng- H Ni, 03-04/12/2012 tnh vi xung nhp c GHz (ch y l xung nhp lm vic ch khng phi tc thc hin php tnh/giy). Cng gi s mt giy kim tra c 1000000 trng hp-y l iu kh thc hin th kim tra s trng hp trn cng mt ti 8.92 nm. Nu chng ta tnh c s trng hp m 3DES thc hin na s thy kim tra d liu 64 bit kha 3DES 56 bit v kha ring 4 bit mt thi gian rt ln m ch tm ra m ca mt kha cng. IV. THC NGHIM Thc nghim c tin hnh vi mt s gi tr X gm 8 k t (64 bit) v kha ring 4 bit. pht trin cc gi tr ny s c thay i ty t ngi s dng qua phn mm; y l cng vic ca bc nghin cu tip. Phn mm th nghim hot ng bnh thng khi c cm kha cng qua giao din USB. Khi rt kha cng ra hoc thay kha l vo th phn mm khng chy v thng bo li trn mn hnh my tnh. V. KT LUN Vic s dng kha cng bo v bn quyn phn mm l mt gii php chng s dng cc phn mm khng c bn quyn c tin cy cao. Nt ni bt gip cho kha cng c bo v cao l trong khi s dng phn mm lun c giao tip vi phn cng ca kha cng qua cng theo mt thut ton bo mt. Nh vy nhng ngi b kha khng th loi b s c mt ca kha cng crack phn mm. S dng cc linh kin sn xut hng lot, sn c, gi thnh ca ca kha cng trong nghin cu ca chng ti c gi thnh khng cao nh vy c th p dng rng ri trong thc t. c th tng tnh linh hot hn c th pht trin xy dng phn mm cho php ngi s dng chn cc mc m hoc t vit cc thut ton m ha theo ch ca h. TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] [2] Balaji, Embedded System Design Using 8031 Microcontrollers, Frontline Electronics, 2002. Data sheet PL2303.

Hnh 3.

S nguyn l ca kha cng s dng vi iu khin 8951.

Hi tho quc gia ln th XV: Mt s vn chn lc ca Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng- H Ni, 03-04/12/2012