Pointer

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP H Ch Minh
Khoa Khoa hc & K thut My tnh
N TP V CON TR
Trn Giang Sn
tgson@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
Ni dung
Bin
Bin con tr
Cp pht b nh
Con tr ca con tr
Truyn tham s
V d truyn tham s
Mng cp pht ng
BIN
Khai bo bin
short
x;
char
c;
float
z = 5;
x = 1;
-Tn gi
-a ch
-Gi tr
-Kch thc
Addr
120
Value
Name
1
121
130
150
c
5
151
152
153
BIN CON TR
Khai bo bin
short
char
float
x = 1;
short*
float*
x;
c;
z = 5;
Addr
120
Value
Name
1
121
130
150
c
5
151
152
px;
pz;
153
200
px
201
202
(int *p, q; //q : int

int *p, *q)
203
204-207
pz
4
BIN CON TR
Khai bo bin
short
x;
char
c;
float
z = 5;
x = 1;
short* px;
float* pz;
px = &x; //gn tr
pz = &z;
(px = NULL;
px = 0;)
Addr
120
Value
Name
1
121
130
150
c
5
120
px
150
pz
151
152
153
200
201
202
203
204-207
BIN CON TR
Mt s tnh cht ca bin con tr:
Cha a ch ca mt bin khc, ch khng
cha gi tr :
px = &x;// OK
px = 120; // li
Kch thc tt c cc bin con tr u bng
nhau. Kiu con tr dng xc nh kch thc
vng nh khi thao tc:
px = px + 10;
// 10 = 10*size(short)
Thao tc hn ch
Khng th thc hin cc php cng, tr, nhn, chia
Ch thc hin c php gn, php cng vi hng s
6
CP PHT B NH
Cp pht stack:
Cp pht stack
Mun cp pht ch cn khai bo
T ng hy
Cp pht heap
Cp pht heap
Mun cp pht, dng ton t new
Hy dng ton t delete
CP PHT B NH
int
a;
int*
pa;
pa = &a;
int*
pb;
Addr
Value
100
150
100
200
Addr
pa
pb
Value
CP PHT B NH
int
a;
int*
pa;
pa = &a;
int*
pb;
pb = new int;
Addr
Value
100
150
100
pa
200
800
pb
Addr
Value
800
CP PHT B NH
C 2 cch thao
tc vng nh a:
a = 5; *pa = 5;
Ch c mt
cch thao tc
vng nh heap:
l thng qua
con tr:
*pb = 15
Addr
Value
100
150
100
pa
200
800
pb
Addr
800
Value
15
10
CP PHT B NH
11
CON TR CA CON TR
int** p2;
int* p1;
int
a = 10;
Addr
Value
100
p2
150
p1
200
10
printf("%d\n", a);
p1 = &a;
p2 = &p1;
*p1 = 15;
printf("%d\n", a);
**p2 = 20;
printf("%d\n", a);
12
CON TR CA CON TR
int** p2;
int* p1;
int
a = 10;
Addr
Value
100
150
p2
150
200
p1
200
10
printf("%d\n", a);
p1 = &a;
p2 = &p1;
*p1 = 15;
printf("%d\n", a);
**p2 = 20;
printf("%d\n", a);
13
CON TR CA CON TR
int** p2;
int* p1;
int
a = 10;
Addr
Value
100
150
p2
150
200
p1
200
15
printf("%d\n", a);
p1 = &a;
p2 = &p1;
*p1 = 15;
printf("%d\n", a);
**p2 = 20;
printf("%d\n", a);
14
CON TR CA CON TR
int** p2;
int* p1;
int
a = 10;
Addr
Value
100
150
p2
150
200
p1
200
20
printf("%d\n", a);
p1 = &a;
p2 = &p1;
*p1 = 15;
printf("%d\n", a);
**p2 = 20;
printf("%d\n", a);
15
CON TR CA CON TR
Con tr cp pht
ng
int** p2;
int
a;
Addr
Value
100
p2
200
p2 = new int*;
*p2 = &a;
**p2 = 10;
Addr
Value
printf("%d\n", a);
16
CON TR CA CON TR
Con tr cp pht
ng
int** p2;
int
a;
Addr
Value
100
800
200
p2
a
p2 = new int*;
*p2 = &a;
**p2 = 10;
Addr
Value
800
printf("%d\n", a);
17
CON TR CA CON TR
Con tr cp pht ng
int** p2;
int
a;
Addr
Value
100
800
200
p2
a
p2 = new int*;
*p2 = &a; //p2 = 10 err
**p2 = 10;
Addr
800
Value
200
printf("%d\n", a);
18
CON TR CA CON TR
Con tr cp pht ng
int** p2;
int
a;
Addr
Value
100
800
p2
200
10
p2 = new int*;
*p2 = &a; //p2 = 10 err
**p2 = 10;
Addr
800
Value
200
printf("%d\n", a);
19
CON TR CA CON TR
Con tr cp pht ng:
int**
p2;
Addr
Value
100
800
p2
p2 = new int*;
*p2 = new int;

**p2 = 10;
Addr
Value
800
printf("%d\n", **p2);
20
CON TR CA CON TR
Con tr cp pht ng:
int**
p2;
Addr
Value
100
800
p2
p2 = new int*;
*p2 = new int;

**p2 = 10;
Addr
800
Value
900
900
21
CON TR CA CON TR
Con tr cp pht ng:
int**
p2;
Addr
Value
100
800
p2
p2 = new int*;
*p2 = new int;

**p2 = 10;
Addr
Value
800
900
900
10
22
TRUYN THAM S
Hm l khi lnh c nhn tham s v tr v
kt qu
<accessType> <returnType>
i1
FunctionName (<parameters>)
o
i2
{ ... }
Ba cch truyn tham s:

Truyn theo kiu gi tr
Truyn theo kiu tham kho
Truyn theo kiu tr-kt qu
23
TRUYN THAM S
Truyn theo gi tr
Gi tr ca tham s thc c sao chp vo thng s

hnh thc
Mi s thay i gi tr tham s hnh thc khng nh
hng n tham s thc (gi tr gc)
void Increment(int Number)

{
Number += 1;
Number
}
int
a = 10;
Increment(a); //a = 10
24
TRUYN THAM S
Truyn theo kiu tham kho
Gi tr ca tham s thc c sao chp vo
thng s hnh thc
S thay i gi tr tham s hnh thc nh hng
n tham s thc (gi tr gc)
void Increment1(int & Number)

{
Number += 1;
Number
}
int
a = 10;
Increment1(a); //a = 11
25
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
printf(%d %d, *p1, *p2);
}
void func(int* a, int* b){
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
26
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
printf(%d %d, *p1,*p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
100
Addr
Value
600
p1
Value
600
27
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
100
Value
600
Addr
600
p1
Value
10
28
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
Addr
600
Value
10
700
29
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
30
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
304
700
308
600
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
31
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
600
304
700
308
600
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
32
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
600
304
700
308
700
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
33
V D 1
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
600
304
600
308
700
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
34
V D 2
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
void func(int* &a, int* &b){
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
304
308
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
35
V D 2
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
600
304
308
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
36
V D 2
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
700
p1
200
700
p2
300
600
304
308
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
37
V D 2
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
700
p1
200
600
p2
300
600
304
308
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
38
V D 3
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(&p1, &p2);
}
void func(int **a, int **b){
int *t;
t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
304
200
308
100
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
39
V D 3
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(&p1, &p2);
}
int *t;
t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
600
p1
200
700
p2
300
600
304
200
308
100
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
40
V D 3
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(&p1, &p2);
}
int *t;
t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
700
p1
200
700
p2
300
600
304
200
308
100
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
41
V D 3
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(&p1, &p2);
}
int *t;
t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
Addr
Value
100
700
p1
200
600
p2
300
600
304
200
308
100
Addr
Value
600
10
700
20
42
MNG CP PHT NG
int* p;
p = new int[10];
*p = 25; //gn 25 cho phn t u tin p*0+
p++;
*p = 35;// gn 35 cho phn t th 2, p*1+
int list[5] = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25};
p = list;
cout << p[2];
p[1] = 7;
cout << p[1];
43
MNG CP PHT NG
int* intList;
int arraySize;
cout << Enter array size: ;
cin >> arraySize;
intList = new int[arraySize];
44
Shallow, Deep Copy

int* first;
int* second;
first = new int[10];
45
Shallow, Deep Copy

second = first;
delete[] second;
46
Shallow, Deep Copy

second = new int[10];
for(int i = 0; i<10; i++)
second[i] = first[i];
47
Con tr hm
float Square(float x){
return(x*x);
}
float Cubic(float x){
return(x*x*x);
}
float Max(float (*f)(float),float (*g)(float),float x){
return ((*f)(x)>(*g)(x)?(*f)(x):(*g)(x));
}
48
Con tr hm
void main(){
float x;
printf("\nInput x=");
scanf("%f",&x);
printf("\nSquare of x=%f\tis %f ",x, Square(x));
printf("\nCubic of x=%f\tis %f \r\n",x, Cubic(x));
printf("\nMax of {x*x,x*x*x} = %f\r\n",
Max(Square, Cubic,x ));
}
49
Con tr hm
50
Bi tp
1) Cho bit kt xut ca chng trnh sau
void main(){
float x, y, *p, *q, *r;
x = 100;
q = &y;
p = &x;
r = q;
*r = x * 2;
cout << x << <<y << \n;
cout << p << <<q << << r <<\n;
}
51
Bi tp
2) Gi s mt chng trnh bt u vi nhng
khai bo sau:
int i = 10;
int* pi = &i;
int** ppi = π
int*** pppi = &ppi;
Hy vit bn lnh gn khc nhau tng gi
tr ca i ln 1.
52
Bi tp
3) Cho bit kt xut ca chng trnh sau
void main() {
int *p1 = new int;
*p1 = 10;
int *p2 = new int;
*p2 = 20;
func(p1, p2);
}
void func(int* a, int* &b){
int *t;
t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
53
C THM
Essential C++, Stanley B. Lippman
Pointers Allow for Flexibility (p23)
C++ Primer Plus, Steven Prata

Chapter 4. COMPOUND TYPES
54
CU HI?
55

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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Khoa hc & K thut My tnh

(int *p, q; //q : int

*p2 = new int;

*p2 = new int;

*p2 = new int;

Ba cch truyn tham s:

Gi tr ca tham s thc c sao chp vo thng s

void Increment(int Number)

void Increment1(int & Number)

Shallow, Deep Copy

Shallow, Deep Copy

Shallow, Deep Copy

C++ Primer Plus, Steven Prata

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