Mch Khuch i Cng Sut m Thanh n

PHN I :

L THUYT TNG QUAN

CHNG 1:CC LINH KIN S DNG 1.1 i ! "#$: s dng in tr 4 vng mu v 5 vng mu. K hiu: 1.% T& 'i !: Cng dng ca t l tch v h!ng in. "#m c! t h$n c%c v &hng h$n c%c. K hiu: ' h$n c%c ' &hng h$n c%c 1.( Di)*+: ()ng * n+n in ha, ch-nh l.u/ 0n 1nh in 2 / h3n 4i5n 6 tnh hiu/ tr2nh .7c nhi8u/ t2ch tnh hiu ra &h9i s!ng mang ca: t;n/ ch<n c6ng h.ng i. K hiu: 1., T#-!.i.")#: l linh &in 42n d=n g#m 4a l> 42n d=n ti? gi2 nhau t3: thnh m@i n@i A B C. "#m c! D l:3i: C A C v A C A. K hiu:
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CHNG %: 67CH KHUYCH 7I TH8NG DNG %.1. K9:i !i ; <= ;>?9 @9AB?9 '>i: P3ch &hu,?ch 3i .7c s dng tr:ng h;u h?t c2c thi?t 41 in t/ nh. m3ch &hu,?ch 3i $m t;n tr:ng CassQtQ/ Rm li/ &hu,?ch 3i tn hiu vidQ: tr:ng 'i vi m;u v.v ...

Hnh: 2.1 C! 4a l:3i m3ch &hu,?ch 3i chnh l : Khu,?ch 3i vS in 2 : K m3ch &hi ta .a m6t tn hiu c! 4i5n 6 nh9 v:/ ;u ra ta sT thu .7c m6t tn hiu c! 4i5n 6 l>n hUn nhiSu l;n. P3ch &hu,?ch 3i vS dng in : K m3ch &hi ta .a m6t tn hiu c! c.Vng 6 ,?u v:/ ;u ra ta sT thu .7c m6t tn hiu ch: c.Vng 6 dng in m3nh hUn nhiSu l;n. P3ch &hu,?ch 3i cng WuXt : K m3ch &hi ta .a m6t tn hiu c! cng WuXt ,?u v:/ ;u ra ta thu .7c tn hiu c! cng WuXt m3nh hUn nhiSu l;n/ th%c ra m3ch &hu,?ch 3i cng WuXt l &?t h7 cY hai m3ch &hu,?ch 3i in 2 v &hu,?ch 3i dng in lm m6t. %.%. 3- ?:?9 ;C? T#-!.i.")# ?D EF!: %.%.1 T#-!.i.")# ;C? "9+) @iGA H ?9A!I: P3ch m+c thQ: &i*u Z chung c! c%c Z Xu tr%c ti? Wu@ng mass h:[c Xu \ua t Wu@ng mass * th:2t thnh h;n W:a, chiSu/ tn hiu .a v: c%c M v lX, ra tr5n c%c C/ m3ch c! sU # nh. sau :

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^g : l in tr gh2nh ^t : K in tr 1nh thi5n ^ a : K in tr h$n 2

Hnh: 2.2 P3ch &hu,?ch 3i in 2 m+c &i*u Z chung/ tn hiu .a v: c%c M v lX, ra tr5n c%c C. _[c i*m ca m3ch &hu,?ch 3i Z chung. P3ch &hu,?ch 3i Z chung th.Vng .7c 1nh thi5n sa: ch: in 2 `CZ &h:Yng ]ab c da b Fcc. Mi5n 6 tn hiu ra thu .7c l>n hUn 4i5n 6 tn hiu v: nhiSu l;n/ nh. ve, m3ch &hu,?ch 3i vS in 2 . 2ng &* 'n hiu ;u ra ng.7c ha v>i tn hiu ;u v: : vf &hi in 2 tn hiu v: tgng hi dng jMZ tgng hi dng jCZ tgng hi st 2 tr5n ^g tgng hi &?t \uY l in 2 ch$n C giYm / v ng.7c l3i &hi in 2 ;u v: giYm thf in 2 ch$n C l3i tgng hi vf ve, in 2 ;u ra ng.7c ha v>i tn hiu ;u v:. P3ch m+c thQ: &i*u Z chung nh. tr5n .7c kng dng nhiSu nhXt tr:ng thi?t 41 in t. %.%.% T#-!.i.")# ;C? "9+) @iGA C ?9A!I : (ng in tn hiu ra l>n hUn dng tn hiu v: nh.ng &hng

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P3ch m+c thQ: &i*u C chung c! ch$n C Xu v: mass h:[c d.Ung ngu#n K.u l : vS h.Ung din W:a, chiSu thf d.Ung ngu#n t.Ung .Ung v>i mass/ tn hiu .7c .a v: c%c M v lX, ra tr5n c%c Z.

ra tr5n c%c Z

P3ch m+c &i*u C chung / tn hiu .a v: c%c M v lX, _[c i*m ca m3ch &hu,?ch 3i C chung . 'n hiu .a v: c%c M v lX, ra tr5n c%c Z Mi5n 6 tn hiu ra 4mng 4i5n 6 tn hiu v: : Ff m@i MZ lun lun c! gi2 tr1 &h:Yng a/]F d: ! &hi in 2 ch$n M tgng 4a: nhi5u thf 2 ch$n C cnng tgng 4X, nhi5u hi vf ve, 4i5n 6 tn hiu ra 4mng 4i5n 6 tn hiu v: . cnng giYm. C.Vng 6 ca tn hiu ra m3nh hUn c.Vng 6 ca tn hiu v: nhiSu l;n : Ff &hi tn hiu v: c! 4i5n 6 tgng hi dng jMZ sT tgng hi dng jCZ cnng tgng gX o l;n dng jMZ vf jCZ h o.jMZ giY s 'ransist:r c! h s@ &hu,?ch 3i o h 5a l;n thf &hi dng jMZ tgng NmR hi dng jCZ sT tgng 5amR/ dng jCZ chnh l dng ca tn hiu ;u ra/ nh. ve, tn hiu ;u ra c! c.Vng 6 dng in m3nh hUn nhiSu l;n s: v>i tn hiu v:. P3ch tr5n .7c kng dng nhiSu tr:ng c2c m3ch &hu,?ch 3i 5m p(am Qrq/ tr.>c &hi chia tn hiu lm nhiSu nh2nh / ng.Vi ta th.Vng d)ng m3ch (am Qr * &hu,?ch 3i ch: tn hiu &h:r hUn . 'n hiu ra c)ng ha v>i tn hiu v: : Ff &hi in 2 v: tgng hi thf in 2 ra cnng tgng/ in 2 v: giYm thf in 2 ra

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Cg:i ra m3ch cn .7c kng dng rXt nhiSu tr:ng c2c m3ch 0n 2 ngu#n p ta sT tfm hi*u tr:ng h;n sau q %.%.( T#-!.i.")# ;C? "9+) @iGA 3 ?9A!I : P3ch m+c thQ: &i*u M chung c! tn hiu .a v: ch$n Z v lX, ra tr5n ch$n C / ch$n M .7c th:2t mass thng \ua t. Pach m+c &i*u M chung rXt t &hi .7c s dng tr:ng th%c t?. P3ch &hu,?ch 3i &i*u M chung / &hu,?ch 3i vS in 2 v &hng &hu,?ch 3i vS dng in.

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%.(. C:? ?9B 'J 9)>" 'J!I ?K- ;>?9 @9AB?9 '>i: C2c ch? 6 h:3t 6ng ca m3ch &hu,?ch 3i l h thu6c v: ch? 6 h$n c%c ch: 'ransist:r/ tut thQ: mc ch s dng m m3ch &hu,?ch 3i .7c h$n c%c * K_ ch? 6 R/ ch? 6 M / ch? 6 RM h:[c ch? 6 C. %.(.1 6>?9 @9ALB?9 '>i $ ?9B 'J A: K c2c m3ch &hu,?ch 3i c;n lX, ra tn hiu h:n t:n gi@ng v>i tn hiu ngu v:.

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P3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 R &hu,?ch 3i cY hai 42n chu &t tn hiu ngu v:
_* 'ransist:r h:3t 6ng ch? 6 R/ ta hYi 1nh thi5n sa: ch: in 2 `CZ

v ]ab c dab Fcc. w P3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 R .7c s dng tr:ng c2c m3ch trung gian nh. &hu,?ch 3i ca: t;n/ &hu,?ch 3i trung t;n/ tiSn &hu,?ch 3i v v.. %.(.% 6>?9 @9ALB?9 '>i $ ?9B 'J 3: P3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 M l m3ch ch- &hu,?ch 3i m6t na chu &t ca tn hiu/ n?u &hu,?ch 3i 42n &t d.Ung ta d)ng transist:r CAC/ n?u &hu,?ch 3i 42n &t $m ta d)ng transist:r ACA/ m3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 M &hng c! 1nh thi5n.

Hnh: 2.# Hnh: 2.6

P3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 M ch- &hu,?ch 3i m6t 42n chu &t ca tn hiu ngu v:. w P3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 M th.Vng .7c s dng tr:ng c2c m3ch &hu?ch 3i cng WuXt x, &y: nh. cng WuXt $m t;n/ cng WuXt mnh ca 'i vi/ tr:ng c2c m3ch cng WuXt x, &y: / ng.Vi ta d)ng hai zn CAC v ACA m+c n@i ti? / m{i zn sT &hu,?ch 3i m6t 42n chu &t ca tn hiu/ hai zn tr:ng m3ch &hu,?ch 3i x, &y: hYi c! c2c thng s@ &| thuet nh. nhau. w P3ch &hu,?ch 3i cng WuXt &?t h7 cY hai ch? 6 R v M .

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Mch Khuch i Cng Sut m Thanh n

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P3ch &hu,?ch 3i cng WuXt Rm li c! : IN &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 R/ ID v IO &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 M/ ID &hu,?ch 3i ch: 42n chu &t d.Ung/ IO &hu,?ch 3i ch: 42n chu &t $m. %.(.( 6>?9 @9ALB?9 '>i $ ?9B 'J A3:

Hnh: 2.% P3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 RM l m3ch t.Ung t% &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 M / nh.ng c! 1nh thi5n sa: ch: in 2 `MZ sX s- a/] F/ m3ch cnng ch- &hu,?ch 3i m6t na chu &t tn hiu v &h+c hc hin t.7ng my: gia: i*m ca m3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 M/ m3ch n, cnng .7c s dng tr:ng c2c m3ch cng WuXt x, &y: . %.(., 6>?9 @9ALB?9 '>i $ ?9B 'J C: K m3ch &hu,?ch 3i c! in 2 `MZ .7c h$n c% ng.7c v>i mc ch ch- lX, tn hiu ;u ra l m6t h;n -nh ca tn hiu ;u v:/ m3ch n, th.Vng s dng tr:ng c2c m3ch t2ch tn hiu : 'h d m3ch t2ch Wung #ng 46 tr:ng ti vi mu.

Hnh: 2.&

}ng dng m3ch &hu,?ch 3i ch? 6 C tr:ng m3ch t2ch Wung #ng 46 'i vi mu.
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%.,. C:? @iGA I9\V "]!I: Kh2i nim vS ghy t;ng : P6t thi?t 41 in t g#m c! nhiSu &h@i &?t h7 l3i/ m{i &h@i l3i c! nhiSu t;ng &hu,?ch 3i .7c m+c n@i ti? v>i nhau v &hi m+c n@i ti? th.Vng s dng m6t tr:ng c2c &i*u ghy sau : "hy t;ng \ua t in. "hy t;ng \ua 4i?n 2 . "hy t;ng tr%c ti? . 'a h~, Wyt c2c tr.Vng h7 c th* : %.,.1 G9\V "]!I ^A- "& 'i !: w EU # m3ch ghy t;ng \ua t in:

Hnh: 2.1' P3ch &hu,?ch 3i ;u t J c! hai t;ng &hu,?ch 3i .7c ghy v>i nhau \ua t in. tr5n l sU # m3ch &hu,?ch 3i ;u t tr:ng i CassQttQ/ m3ch g#m hai t;ng &hu,?ch 3i m+c thQ: &i*u Z chung/ c2c t;ng .7c ghy tn hiu thng \ua t in/ ng.Vi ta s dng c2c t CN / CO / C5 lm t n@i t;ng ch: tn hiu W:a, chiSu i \ua v nggn 2 m6t chiSu l3i/ c2c t CD v C4 c! t2c dng th:2t thnh h;n W:a, chiSu t ch$n Z Wu@ng mass/ C] l t l<c ngu#n. u i*m ca m3ch l Un giYn/ d8 l+ d: ! m3ch .7c s dng rXt nhiSu tr:ng thi?t 41 in t/ nh.7c i*m l &hng &hai th2c .7c h?t &hY ngng &hu,?ch 3i ca 'ransist:r d: ! h s@ &hu,?ch 3i &hng l>n. tr5n l m3ch &hu,?ch 3i $m t;n/ d: ! c2c t n@i t;ng th.Vng d)ng t h:2 c! tr1 s@ t N c Na.

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'r:ng c2c m3ch &hu,?ch 3i ca: t;n thf t n@i t;ng c! tr1 s@ nh9 &h:Yng vi nan ara. %.,.% G9\V "]!I ^A- EiB! :V:

Hnh: 2.11 w EU # m3ch trung t;n ti?ng tr:ng ^adi: s dng 4i?n 2 ghy t;ng:

Hnh: 2.12 ';ng 'rung t;n ti?ng ca ^adi: s dng 4i?n 2 ghy t;ng. tr5n l sU # m3ch trung t;n ^adi: s dng c2c 4i?n 2 ghy t;ng/ tn hiu ;u ra ca t;ng n, .7c ghy \ua 4i?n 2 * i v: t;ng ha sau. A 'iG; ca m3ch l h@i h7 .7c tr &h2ng giHa c2c t;ng d: ! &hai th2c .7c t@i .u h s@ &hu,?ch 3i / hUn nHa cu6n sU cX 4i?n 2 c! th* Xu s:ng s:ng v>i t * c6ng h.ng &hi m3ch &hu,?ch 3i m6t t;n s@ c@ 1nh. Ch.7c i*m : n?u m3ch h:3t 6ng dYi t;n s@ r6ng thf g$, my: t;n s@/ m3ch ch? t3: hkc t3 v chi?m nhiSu din tch.

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%.,.( G9\V "]!I "#_? "iBV: w Ki*u ghy t;ng tr%c ti? th.Vng .7c d)ng tr:ng c2c m3ch &hu,?ch 3i cng WuXt $m t;n. P3ch &hu,?ch 3i cng WuXt $m t;n c! zn Y: ha IN .7c ghy tr%c ti? v>i hai zn cng WuXt ID v IO.

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CHNG (: 67CH KHUCH 7I THU`T TaN (.1. 6>?9 @9AB?9 '>i <i .-i:

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P3ch in n, d)ng * tfm ra hiu s@/ h:[c sai s@ giHa D in 2 m m{i in 2 c! th* .7c nh$n v>i m6t vi hmng s@ n: !. C2c hmng s@ n, W2c 1nh nhV c2c in tr.

'0ng tr vi sai (in pgiHa D ch$n ;u v:q h )N )D H .W @9AB?9 '>i <i .-i:
C?u R1 b R% v Rc b RI/V)A" b AdV% e V1f v A b Rc / R1

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()ng * 0i dXu v &hu,?ch 3i m6t in 2 pnh$n v>i m6t s@ $mq

(in h )in pvf * l m6t i*m Xt Y:q

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P6t in tr thk 4a/ c! tr1 s@ nh.ng n! sT giYm thi*u sai s@ d: dng 1nh thi5n ;u v:.

/ .7c th5m

v: giHa ;u v: &hng Y: v Xt m[c d) i &hi &hng c;n thi?t l+m/

(.(. 6>?9 @9AB?9 '>i @9M!I 'F):

Hnh: . ()ng * &hu,?ch 3i m6t in 2 pnh$n v>i m6t hmng s@ l>n hUn Nq

pth%c ra/ t0ng tr 4Yn th$n ca ;u v: : Jam c! gi2 tr1 t N P ?n Na '. 'r:ng nhiSu tr.Vng h7 t0ng tr ;u v: c! th* .7c WQm nh. ca: hUn/ d: Ynh h.ng ca m3ch h#i ti? .q

P6t in tr thk 4a/ c! gi2 tr1 4mng

/ .7c th5m v: giHa ngu#n tn

hiu v: *in v ;u v: &hng Y: tr:ng &hi th%c ra &hng c;n thi?t/ nh.ng n! sT lm giYm thi*u nhHng sai s@ d: dng in 1nh thi5n ;u v:. (.,. 6>?9 "9+) 'i ! :V:

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_.7c s dng nh. m6t 46 &hu?ch 3i m/ * gi>i h3n nhHng Ynh h.ng ca tYi ha, * h@i h7 t0ng tr pn@i giHa m6t linh &in c! t0ng tr ngu#n l>n v>i m6t linh &in &h2c c! t0ng tr v: thX q. (: c! h#i ti? $m s$u/ m3ch n, c! &hu,nh h.>ng &hng 0n 1nh &hi tYi c! tnh dung ca:. _iSu n, c! th* nggn nga 4mng c2ch n@i v>i tYi \ua N in tr.

pth%c ra/ t0ng tr 4Yn th$n ca ;u v: : Jam c! gi2 tr1 t N P ?n Na '.q (.2. 6>?9 @9AB?9 '>i "g!I:

Hnh: ." P3ch .7c s dng * lm hy c6ng m6t s@ tn hiu in 2

n?u

/ v ) 6c le thf

C?u

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GRHD: NIALS! RT! A!

Cgu ra sT 0i dXu '0ng tr ;u v: (n h )n/ ch: m{i ;u v: p* WQm nh. i*m Xt Y:q

(.4. 6>?9 "h?9 V9X!:

Hnh: .# P3ch n, d)ng * tch h$n pc! Y: dXuq m6t tn hiu thQ: thVi gian.

p'r:ng !/ *in v *:ut l c2c hm s@ thQ: thVi gian/ *initial l in 2 ngu ra ca m3ch tch h$n t3i thVi i*m t h a.q

K.u l rmng cXu trc ca m3ch n, cnng .7c WQm l m3ch l<c thng thX / m6t d3ng ca m3ch l<c tch c%c.

(.5. 6>?9 <i V9X!:

Hnh: .$ P3ch n, * lX, vi h$n pc! Y: dXuq m6t tn hiu thQ: thVi gian.

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p'r:ng !/ Fin v F:ut l c2c hm s@ thQ: thVi gianq K.u l rmng cXu trc ca m3ch n, c! th* WQm nh. m6t m3ch l<c thng th.7ng/ m6t d3ng ca m3ch l<c tch c%c. (.1. 6>?9 .) .:!9: Hnh: .% P3ch n, * s: s2nh hai tn hiu in 2 / v sT chu,*n m3ch ngu ra * hi*n th1 m3ch n: c! in 2 ca: hUn.

p'r:ng ! *s l in 2 ngu#n/ v mach sT .7c cX ngu#n t *s v *s.q

CHNG ,:
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GRHD: NIALS! RT! A!

67CH KHUCH 7I RI SAI J P6t m3ch &hu?ch 3i vi sai cgn 4Yn tr3ng th2i c$n 4mng c! d3ng:

Hnh: !.1 J C! D h.Ung h2 lX, tn hiu ra: Ah.Ung h2 ngu ra vi sai: 'n hiu .7c lX, ra giHa D c%c thu. Ah.Ung h2 ngu ra Un c%c: 'n hiu .7c lX, giHa m6t c%c thu v mass. J P3ch .7c h$n c%c 4mng D ngu#n in th? @i Wkng p$m/ d.Ungq * c! c2c in th? c%c nSn 4mng a v:lt. J Cg.Vi ta h$n 4it O tr.Vng h7 : ,.1. Th! 9i A <i) ?j!I Eik! 'J <i ?j!I V9- d<1 b <% f : J (: m3ch @i Wkng/ tn hiu ngu ra va h v4 Ch. ve,: va h RC . vN v4 h R c . vD 'r:ng ! RC l 6 &hu?ch 3i ca m6t transist:r v .7c g<i l 6 l7i ch: tn hiu chung pc:mm:n m:dQ gainq. J (: vN h vD n5n va h v4. Fe, tn hiu ngu ra vi sai: va J v4 ha. ,.%. Th! 9i A <i) ?l *>!I <i .-i: J Kc n, vN h JvD pc)ng 4i5n 6 nh.ng ng.7c haq. J Kc !: va h Jv 4. J (: vN h JvD n5n &hi IN ch3, m3nh thf ID ch3, ,?u v ng.7c l3i n5n v h v4.
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J Cg.Vi ta 1nh ngha: va J v 4 h R FEp vN J v D q Rv: .7c g<i l 6 l7i ch: tn hiu vi sai pdiQrQntial m:dQ gainq. Ch. ve, ta thX, v>i ngu ra vi sai/ m3ch ch- &hu?ch 3i tn hiu v: vi sai p&h2c nhau hai ngu v:q m &hng &hu?ch 3i tn hiu v: chung pthnh h;n gi@ng nhauq. ,.(. Th! 9i A <i) EN" @m: Cg.Vi ta 1nh ngha: J 'hnh h;n chung ca vN v vD l:

J 'hnh h;n vi sai ca vN v vD l: Fvs h vN J vD 'hnh h;n chung .7c &hu?ch 3i 4i RC png9 ra Un c%cq cn thnh h;n vi sai .7c &hu?ch 3i 4i R vs. 'hng th.Vng R FE iiR C. ,.,. T#>!I "9:i ;N" ?X! En!I: J Khi m3ch mXt c$n 4mng thf &hng cn du, trf .7c s% @i Wkng. Geu \uY tr;m tr<ng nhXt l thnh h;n chung c! th* t3: ra tn hiu vi sai ngu ra. w P6t s@ ngu,5n nh$n chnh: C2c linh &in th 6ng nh. in tr/ t in ... &hng thet s% 4mng nhau v #ng chXt. C2c linh &in t2c 6ng nh. di:dQ/ transist:r.. &hng h:n t:n gi@ng nhau. w Min h2 0n 1nh: K%a ch<n thet &| linh &in. "iH dng in h$n c%c nh9 * sai s@ vS in tr t3: ra in th? vi sai nh9. 'hi?t &? CP^^ pt- s@ nyn #ng haq c! tr1 s@ thet l>n.
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CP^^h

Rvs: _6 l7i in 2 vi sai. Rv: _6 l7i in 2 #ng ha

'h5m 4i?n tr ^Z * c$n 4mng dng in h$n c%c. Ch? t3: thQ: h.Ung h2 vi m3ch.

Hnh: !.2

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CHNG 2: CC La7I 67CH KHUCH 7I C8NG SUoT O6 TN 2.1. aTL daA"VA" T#-!.c)#;+# L+..f : -. p? 'iG; : _.7c cX ngu#n Un Fcc v mass paFq. ';ng &hu?ch 3i cng suXt x, &y: d)ng transist:r 40 h @i Wkng n5n in th? i*m giHa ra l:a 4mng na ngu#n . Cgu ra l:a hYi ghy v>i m6t t in C:. E. A 'iG; : m thanh 3t chXt l.7ng ca: hUn d: 2 tu,?n t;n s@ r6ng / Khng 41 su, giYm tn hiu t;n s@ ca: d: t & sinh ca 4i?n 2 . Giu suXt ca: vf &hng t0n ha: tr5n 4i?n th? . "i2 thnh rr/ &ch th.>c nh9 s: v>i &hi d)ng 4i?n 2 ngu ra. ?. K9ALB" 'iG; : AhYi ch-nh in th? (C ca i*m giHa ra l:a 4mng na ngu#n cung cX thf tn hiu ngu ra m>i &hng 41 my: . C[ transist:r cng suXt n?u &hng hYi l c[ transist:r 40 h thf d8 g$, my: hi tu,?n. 'n hiu ra 41 my: t;n s@ thX d: t C:ut g$, ra pd: t C:ut &hng th* ti?n t>i v c)ngq. 2.%. aCL daA"VA" C-Vi?i")# L+.. f : -. p? 'iG; : _.7c cX ngu#n @i Wkng Fcc BFcc n5n in th? i*m giHa 4mng a . 'n hiu v: m3ch &hu?ch 3i tr%c ti? &hng c;n \ua t . Khng c! t C: ngu ra l:a. E. A 'iG;: KhY ngng ch@ng nhi8u t@t d: d)ng &i*u &hu,?ch 3i vi sai ngu v: . _2 tu,?n t;n s@ r6ng d: &hng d)ng t v 4i?n th? ngu ra.
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?. K9ALB" 'iG; : C;n d)ng D ngu#n. 'n hiu ra l:a tr%c ti? n5n in th? (C i*m giHa ngu ra &h2c aF sT g$, ch2, l:a vf ve, c;n hYi c! m3ch 4Y: v l:a. 2.(. 3TL d3#i*I+ T#-!.i.")# Li!+ aA"f : -. p? 'iG; :3TL ?l 9-i q)>i : ()ng ngu#n Un l m3ch am li ghy t hai m3ch &hu?ch 3i cng suXt 'K. ()ng ngu#n Un l m3ch am li ghy t hai m3ch &hu?ch 3i cng suXt CK. E. A 'iG; : Ch: ra cng suXt l>npgX 4 l;n s: v>i 'K ha, CKq &hi s dng v>i ngu#n in 2 thX h:[c d)ng ch: c2c Rm li c! cng suXt rXt l>n t 5aa ?n vi nghfn alt. ?. K9ALB" 'iG; : "i2 thnh ca:. 'n hiu ra d8 41 my: hai m3ch &hu?ch 3i &hng gi@ng nhau. (8 41 ch2, n?u in th? i*m giHa &hng 4mng a.

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PHN II: THI C8NG 1.S r KHsI:

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HNH II.2: S mch c#n$ %u&t m't k"nh

(. NGUYtN L Ha7T xNG: (.1 K9Wi !IAQ!: Cung cX ngu#n (C v>i mkc in 2 0n 1nh l 4DF ch: t:n 46 m3ch h:3t 6ng. (.% T]!I "i=! @9AB?9 '>i: K t;ng ;u ti5n tn hiu i v:/ c! nhim v 4i?n tn hiu c! mkc in th? thX thnh tn hiu c.Vng 6 ca: hUn * ghy v: t;ng &hu,?ch 3i in th? p$, l m3ch &hu?ch 3i 4i?n in th? thnh c.Vng 6q. (: ! tn hiu t;ng n,. (.( T]!I "9u?: ';ng n, c! chkc ngng nhen tn hiu t t;ng nhe v:/ chu,*n 0i tn hiu t ngu ra t;ng nhe thnh tn hiu c! mkc in th? ca: hUn * cung cX ch: t;ng &hu?ch 3i cng suXt.
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hYi

trung th%c/ ngu#n cX in hYi .7c l<c &| * &h9i Ynh h.ng t>i tn hiu t3i

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(., T]!I @9AB?9 '>i ?M!I .AN": Chen tn hiu c! in 2 ca: t t;ng thc r#i &hu?ch 3i v cung cX dng $m t;n c! c.Vng l>n ch: l:a. p? 'iG;: CX ngu#n i FCC. ';ng &hu?ch 3i cng suXt x, &y: d)ng 'ransist:r 40 h/ * tgng cng suXt ca m3ch ng.Vi ta d)ng c2c c[ (arlingt:n. _in th? i*m giHa 4mng a. (.2 C9y? !T!I qi!9 @i !: (.2.1 C9y? !T!I qi!9 @i ! ?K- "]!I "i=! @9AB?9 '>i: ^N/CN d)ng * l<c tn hiu v:. IN/ID l c[ vi sai d)ng * 0n dng/ cung cX ch: t;ng thc. I] cung cX dng ch: c[ vi sai. O (i@t 4N4s ghim 2 cX ch: I]/ Id. (.2.% C9y? !T!I qi!9 @i ! ?K- "]!I "9u? ' CD 0n 1nh h$n c%c CM ch: IO. IO/ Id cung cX ngu#n dng l>n ch: t;ng cng suXt. ^D/ ^ND 0n 1nh nhit ch: IO/ Id. O (i@t 4aad ghim 2 cX ch: IO/ Id (.2.( C9y? !T!I ?K- ?:? qi!9 @i ! ">i "]!I @9AB?9 '>i ?M!I .AN" : R4, R5, R9, R10: n nh nhit cho Q4, Q5, Q8, Q9. I4/ Is: :l c[ transist:r 40 h cng suXt nh9/ ghy (arlingt:n v>i I5 v IL nhmm tgng h s@ &hu?ch 3i dng in. I5/ IL: K c[ 'ransist:r 40 h cng suXt l>n.

,. S r 67CH IN:

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2. LzP vP: 2.1 C:? "9iB" E{ .| *&!I: a EU # ngu,5n ll. 4 Kinh &in l+ m3ch. c P3ch in. d Cgu#n cung cX . Q K:a v d$, tn hiu. _#ng h# : pFPq. g P9 hn v chf hn. 2.% QA: "#}!9 "9i ?M!I: Ah$n tch sU # ngu,5n ll. 'i?n hnh gia cng m3ch. K+ r+ v &i*m tra h:3t 6ng ca m3ch

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4. KT QU~: P3ch l+ r2 W:ng/ sau \u2 trfnh tinh ch-nh/ m3ch h:3t 6ng t@t v 0n 1nh.

KT LU`N

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_# 2n N l m6t 4i te l>n/ m6t th th2ch @i v>i sinh vi5n/ tu, nhi5n v>i # 2n n, gi ch: sinh vi5n ven dng m6t c2ch c th* &i?n thkc ca mfnh ~ h<c m6t c2ch s2ng t3: v lm \uQn d;n v>i c2ch h<c t% nghi5n cku/ h<c te v lm vic v>i nh!m * nghi5n cku v th%c hin # 2n m6t c2ch t@t nhXt. GUn th? nHa/ # 2n N cn gi sinh vi5n \uQn d;n v>i c2ch lm c2c # 2n t@t nghi sau n,. in ch$n thnh cYm Un s% nhen Wyt 2nh gi2 ca c2c th;, c v s% h.>ng d=n ten tfnh ca th;, Cgu,8n Fgn Rn.

' m3ch cng suXt p sa B Naa q tr5n/ c! th* cYi ti?n/ h2t tri*n v tha, th? linh &in. _* n$ng ca: cng suXt. _2 kng .7c nhHng cng suXt &h2c nhau m ta m:ng mu@n. P3ch &hu?ch 3i cng suXt $m t;ng tr5n c! th* r2 th5m m3ch l<c $m s+c p Mass B 'rQ4lQq tr.>c ngu v:. _* .7c $m thanh ngu ra ha, hUn.

TI LIU THA6 KH~a

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1. Ahan 'Xn `xn Rm li hii p5a ?n 55aq 'e N/ 'e D CW4 E "(_' 'A G# Ch Pinh/ DaaN. % Cgu,8n 'Xn Ah.>c P3ch in t CW4 G#ng _kc/ Daas (. Cgu,8n 'Xn Ah.>c "i2: trfnh linh &in in t CW4 G#ng _kc/ Daas ,. K5 Ahi ?nJK.u AhJCgu,8n Ch. Rnh K| thuet in t CW4 _GI" 'AGCP/ Daa5 F m6t s@ Q4sitQ: 1. alldatashQt.c:m %. diQntuviQtnam.nQt (. 4iQndt.4i

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