Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch Ngy son: 07/09/2013 Tit t chn s 1

GIO N T CHN 11

Ch S i n !i "h#n !oi ch$t i n !i

%&'(c ti)* HS hiu v phn loi cht in li thng qua in li v hng s phn li K S !ng in li t"nh n#ng $ol c%c ion t&ong +& T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc 1& +i c1 2ot /ng 1& HS' nh(c li c%c )h%i ni$ cht in li $nh* cht in li +,u -.' (t/ c0 i l1ng no 2ng %nh gi% )h3 n4ng phn li c5a c%c cht in li ha+ )hng6 7i h$ na+ s8 t9$ hiu 2& +i 34i 2ot /ng 2: : in li 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n 1&78nh ngh95 /;Iu Gnh nghJa in li n /@Kn (t chL &a cMng l tL s giNa ;($ 1c < s $ol phn t in li v t?ng s $ol no t&ong 0 n' s phn t =s $ol> phn t phn t ho tan /;Iu .@ in li O&ong PHQPRRH* cS 1CC phn t ho no' t?ng s phn t=s $ol> tan th9 c0 A phn t phn li &a ion6 O"nh phn t ho tan in li c5a PHQPRRH t&ong t&Tng h1p l$ 1c .@' <AB1CC < C*CA ha+ AD n+ Hu Su+ &a 1c C E 1 ha+ C E 1CC D U n,u tt c3 phn t tan t&ong phn li th9 Vng Vao nhiIu Su+ &a )ho3ng W%c Gnh c5a 2& :nh h;ng c5 s <h5 !o=ng n / /-i3i th"ch Xa vo thu+,t va ch$ i n !i ;($ 1c ' )hi pha loFng ung Gch th9 U c0 ph! thuc n#ng cht iIn li ha+ )hng in li c5a c%c cht in li Hu t4ng 2ot /ng 3: Pht in li $nh * cht iYn li +,u 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh

2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch 1& Ch$t i n !i 3nh ;($ 1c cht in li $nh Hu c0 <1 2& Ch$t i n !i y* ;($ 1c cht in li +,u CE E 1 PHQPRR / Z HZ =1> PHQPRRH ;($ 1c Hng s cn Vng c5a =1> g[i l hng s phn li CH 3COO H+ KC = [ CH 3COOH ] Kc chL ph! thuc V3n cht c5a cht in li v nhit ;($ 1c cn Vng in li tun thYo ngu+In l" chu+n Gch cn Vng \] sat]liY

GIO N T CHN 11 /O^ Gnh nghJa cht cht in li $nh hF+ su+ &a gi% t&G c5a cht in li $nh /O^ Gnh nghJa cht cht in li +,u hF+ su+ &a )ho3ng W%c Gnh gi% t&G c5a cht in li $nh /=1> l cn Vng in li /HF+ W%c Gnh hng s cn Vng c5a =1>

U PMng nh cn Vng ho% h[c )h%c* cn Vng in li tun thYo ngu+In l" no

2ot /ng >6 7i t_p c5ng c +i 16 Pht in li $nh l cht `6 c0 CE E 1 76 c0 <1 P6 c0 ph]ng t&9nh in li thu_n nghGch @6 t&ong chL c0 $t s phn t ho tan phn li thnh ion +i 2 .i,t aOin li c5a c%c cht in li sau H;RQ* ;abSRA* HbSRA* ;abSRA* ;aPlR HPlR* hi&oWit lcng t"nh aV=RH>b +i 3 O"nh n#ng $ol c5a c%c ion t&ong c%c sau KPl C*CCb d 7aPlb C*CCb d H;Rb C*C1 d = <1eD> +i > : in li c5a H;Rb t&ong H;Rb C*C1 d l 1eD6 a6 O"nh hng s phn li c5a H;Rb6 V6 OhI$ HbR vo H;Rb f t&In th9 hng s P7 c0 tha+ ?i )hng =coi nhit )hng ?i>

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

;g+ son' 1gBChBbC1Q Tit t chn s b Ch S i n !i Th*yt 5?it@A5BC c5 +DonstEt&

%&'(c ti)* HS Vi,t c%c )h%i ni$ aWit/Vai] thYo V&onstYt* c%c )h%i ni$ hng s phn li aWit v Vai] HS v_n !ng c%c hng s phn li aWit v Vai] t"nh jH Zk t&ong c%c ung Gch aWit v Vai] 1 nc +& T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc 1&+i c1 ;Iu Gnh nghJa aWit/Vai] thYo a&Yniut6 .i,t aO:\ c5a HPlR* HbPRQ 1&+i 34i 2ot /ng 1'Ohu+,t aWit/Vai] c5a 7&onstYt 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n 1&78nh ngh95 /rP HS vi,t aO:\ c5a HPl* H;RQ6 Uchmng thuc lmt &a 1c loi h1p cht no `Wit l cht c0 )h3 n4ng cho p&ton =HZ> @Kn (t HS su+ &a Gnh nghJa 7ai] l cht c0 )h3 n4ng nh_n p&oton =HZ> -. l+ .@ vni PHQPRRH6Ul+ .@ vni HPlR ._+ `Wit 7ai] Z HZ =HZ l c%ch vi,t ]n gi3n c5a HQRZ> Z / HPlR Z HbR HQR Z PlR Hs vi,t 1c aO t&ao ?i p&oton c5a /P0 nhNng cht v^a c0 )h3 n4ng cho p&oton nhNng cht sau vni HbR ' ;HQ* v^a c0 )h3 n4ng nh_n p&oton 6Phmng l cht l/ HPRQ/6lmt &a nh_n Wot vH )h3 n4ng cho cng t"nh6 P0 nhNng cht )hng c0 )h3 n4ng nh_n p&oton c5a c%c phpn t t&ong $qi cho p&oton )hng c0 )h3 n4ng nh_n

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

aO p&oton 6Phmng l cht t&ung t"nh6 Su+ &a nh_n Wot 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n ZH R c0th cho hosc nh_n p&oton6;0 b 1&2Hng s <h#n !i 5?it U O"nh hng s phn li c5a 1 v l cht lcng t"nh / Z b PHQPRRH PH PRR Z H =1> ZOhYo thu+,t 7&onstYt th9 Q aWit* Vai] UKa cng nhu )hi no6;In Ka cng / Z c0 th lZ phn t hoscPH ion /ahn t"ch nhu c! th v l+.@ PH Hb R QPRRH QPRR Z HQR =b> th9 lXc aW"t8 th, no 2& F* iG3 c5 th*yt +DonstEt so O"nh 1c Kc c5a 1 v b 64i th*yt 5DEni*t Hiu 1c jk l )" hiu n#ng cn Vng* Vi,t 1c Hiu 1c thu+,t 7&onstYt t?ng Kc g[i l hng s phn li aWit v 1c qu%t )" hiu l Ka h]n so vni thu+,t a&Yniut Hiu 1c Ka t"nh thYo 1 v b Hu nh nhau v9 j HZk ha+ jHQRZk t&ong chL l 1 7i,t Ka chL ph! thuc V3n cht aWit v nhit 2& 2Hng s <h#n !i A5BC t ;HQ Z HbR ;HAZ Z RH/ [NH + 4 ][OH ] KV < [NH 3 ] PHQPRRH Z RH/ [CH3COOH][OH ] KV < [CH 3COO ] 7i,t hs phn li Vai] 1c )" hiu l KV chL ph! thuc nhit * V3n cht Vai]6K V cng nhu th9 lXc Vai] cng nhu PHQPRR/ Z HbR 2ot /ng 2' Hng s phn li aWit v hng s phn li Vai] 2ot /ng 36 Vi t_p c5ng c +i 16 OhYo thu+,t 7&onstYt* cht no sau + l aWit* Vai]* lcng t"nh PHQPRRH* HPl* ;HQ* PRQb/* SRQb/* HSRQ/* PlR/* HSR/A +i 2& : in li c5a H;Rb t&ong H;Rb C*C1 d l 1eD6 O"nh hng s phn li aWit c5a H;Rb6 +i 3 O"nh jHZk t&ong c%c sau a6HPlR C*1 d =Ka c5a HPlR l g61C/e> V6;HQ C*1 d = KV c5a ;HQ l 1*e61C/g > /;Iu .@* +Iu cpu HS l_p PO t"nh KV t]ng tX PO t"nh Ka

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

;g+ son'b1BChBbC1Q Tit t chn s 3 I*y n tJ< KT1L %& '(c ti)* P5ng c )i,n thSc t&[ng t$ c5a HK 1 lvn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng )i,n thSc gi3i to%n +& T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc w& Min th-c cNn A:n cOn nP3 6Qng 16 : in li -.6 : in li l g9U Png thSc t"nh6 ;Iu $i quan h giNa in li v )h3 n4ng in li c5a cht in li6 HS6 O&3 lTi 1c c%c cu hui n t_p o -. st &a b6 Hng s phn li aWit v hng s phn li Vai] -. nIu c%c .@ vH ptli c5a $t s cht in li +,u=.@ HPlR* c%c nc c5a H QaRA* ;HQ> v +Iu cu HS vi,t Viu thSc t"nh hng s phn li aWit hosc hng s phn li Vai] -. hui' Ka v KV ph! thuc +,u t no HS O\ 1c' c%c +,u t 73n cht c5a cht in li ;hit -. lu x HS' Hng s phn li aWit =Vai]> cng lnn th9 t"nh =lXc> aWit =Vai]> cng $nh Q6 pH c5a ung Gch -. hui'$qh giNa jHZk v jRH/k $qh giNa pH v jHZkU 7iu thSc to%n h[c t"nh pHU RR& +i tJ< 7O 1 .i,t Viu thSc t"nh hng s phn li aWit hosc hng s phn li Vai] cho $qi cht sau Hy* PlR/ * ;Rb/ * ;HAZ * HPRQ/ * PHQPRR/ 7O b @ung Gch chSa $qi cht sua c0 $i t&Tng g9U ;abPRQ * KPl* 7a=;RQ>b * Pu=;RQ>b * ;HAPl 7O Q S(p W,p c%c ung Gch c2ng n#ng sau thYo chiHu t4ng pn c5a pH ;aRH* ;a;RQ * ;abPRQ * HbSRA 7O A O"nh pH c5a c%c ung Gch sau a6 H;RQ C*1 d V6 HbSRA C*Cb d =coi HbSRA in li hon ton f c3 b nc> c6 PHQPRRH C*1 d = Ka <1*zg61C/g> 6 7a=RH>b 1C/Q d Y6 ;HQ C*1 d = KV <1*e61C/g> 7O g dt ung Gch chSa C*1 $ol yY bZ * C*b $ol `lQZ W $ol Pl/ * + $ol SRAb/ 6 P cn ung Gch thu 1c A{*h ga$ cht &(n )han6 O"nh W* + :S W<C*b +<C*Q 7O { .i,t ptli c5a c%c hi&oWit lcng t"nh Sn=RH>b * `l=RH>Q ;g+ son' bgBChBbC1Q

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch Tit t chn s A

GIO N T CHN 11 Ch S i n !i& S th*S <h#n c5 3*i KT2L

%&'(c ti)* HS Vi,t )h%i ni$ sX thu| phn c5a $ui v hiu ph3n Sng thu| phn c5a $ui +& T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc 1&,n 8nh !4< 2&MiG3 tD5 Ai c1 .i,t aO:\ c5a HbPRQ* ;abSRQ* ;HAPl 3&+i 34i 2ot /ng 16 Kh%i ni$ vH sX thu| phn c5a $ui 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n /;Iu6\$ O; cho vi gi[t aa lpn l1t vo UPho Vi,t pH c5a nnc ngu+In cht nnc ngu+In cht v ;abPRQ /;h_n Wot hin t1ng W3+ &a* su+ &a pH ;Iu v vo vn H' ti sao pH c5a $ui c5a ;abPRQ ;abPRQ cao h]n pH c5a nnc ngu+In chtU .9 $ui F X a} t&ao ?i ion vni nnc l$ cho ;($ 1c )h%i ni$ ph3n Sng thu| jHZk Vi,n ?i phn c5a $ui l ph3n Sng t&ao ?i ion giNa $ui v nnc 2ot /ng 26 ph3n Sng thu| phn c5a $ui 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh @ThT 0( 1' HS vi,t aO:\ c5a HPlR Su+ &a )h3 n4ng VG thu| phn c5a PlR/ ~%c Gnh 1c )ho3ng pH c5a ;aPlR ;($ 1c a} thu| phn n0i chung l thu_n nghGch 7i,t 1c nhNng anion gc aWit no th9 VG thu| phn @ThT 0( 2' $t c%ch t]ng tX* HS su+ &a pH c5a `l=;RQ>Q Ez Xa vo sX thu| phn c5a `lQZ t `lQZ Z HbR `l=RH>bZ Z HZ 7i,t 1c nhNng cation )i$ loi no th9 VG thu| phn @ThT 0( 3 ~ot =PHQPRR>bn6 ;h_n th+ 1c PHQPRR/ v nbZ Hu VG thu| phn nIn $i t&Tng c5a ph! thuc thu| phn c5a b ion @ThT 0( > ~ot nhNng $ui aWit nh ;aHPRQ * KHbaRA c0 anion gc aWit lcng t"nh nIn $i t&Tng ph! thuc V3n cht anion @ThT 0( U dui t&ung ho chSa cation c5a Vai] $nh v anion c5a aWit $nh'$i t&Tng t&ung t"nh 2ot /ng 36 7i t_p c5ng c 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n /Hnng Kn HS H@ cho HS th+ & a} thu_n nghGch n0i chung l a} thu_n nghGch /Hnng Kn HS SX thu| phn c0 th ti,p in v n,u loFng th9 sX thu| phn c0 th W3+ &a hon ton to thnh ),t t5a `l=RH>Q

/Hnng Kn HS &mt &a ),t lu_n vH $i t&/ Tng c5a c%c $ui t&ung ho

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

16P%c cht sau + l aWit* Vai]* lcng t"nh ha+ t&ung t"nh thYo thu+,t 7&onstYt ;aPlR* ;HAPl* ;HA;RQ* =;HA>bPRQ6 ;aPl* KHSRQ* PubZ* KZ6 b6So s%nh pH c5a $qi ung Gch $ui sau so vni z KPl* ;a;RQ* KbPRQ* ;HAPl* PHQPRR;a ;g+ son' QCBChBbC1Q Tit t chn s g Ch S i n !i "h:n -ng tD5o ,i ion tDong 0*ng 08ch ch$t i n !i %&'(c ti)* /P5ng c )i,n thSc6 Z:) W3+ &a p t&ao ?i ion t&ong /lvn lu+n )J n4ng' Z.i,t ptp ng phn t v ion thug[n c5a c%c p t&ong ung Gch cht in li +& Ch*Vn A8 HS' n t_p )i,n thSc phpn p t&ao ?i ion C&T, ch-c hot /ng 0y hc 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n O\' p &ao ?i ion t&ong ung Gch cht `6H thng )i,n thSc in li W3+ &a )hi c0 sX ),t h1p giNa c%c :iHu )in W3+ &a p &ao ?i ion t&ong ung Gch ion t&ong ung Gch to thnh "t cht in li nht 1 t&ong Q t&Tng h1p sau Ua t&ao ?i ion W3+ &a )hi no /Pht ),t t5a /Pht in li +,u /Pht )h" 767i t_p v cu hui &vn lu+n )J n4ng6 +i tJ< +i 1& O"nh pH c5a c%c ung Gch sau a6 PHQPRR;a C*1 d =KV c5a PHQPRR/ Vng g*z161C/1C> V6 ;HAPl C*1 d =Ka c5a ;HAZ Vng g*g{61C/1C> 7u qua sX in li c5a nnc -i3i a6 :pu a P7
2

PHQPRR;a PHQPRR/ Z HbR C*1 d W C*1/W

PHQPRR/

Z ;aZ PHQPRRH Z RH/ C C W W

KV

=d>

x 0,1 x P16 @o W &t nhu so vni 1 nIn C*1/W C*1 Wb < C*16g*z16 1C/1C < g*z161C/11 11 < z*g{61C/{ < jRH/k W < 5,71.10 pH < e*ee jHZk < 1*QbQ61C/h Pb6 -i3i aO V_c b t9$ W v sau 0 l$ t]ng tX KV < V6 ;HAPl ;HAZ Z Pl/ z

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

;HAZ ;HQ Z HZ Ka :pu C*1 C C =d> ali W P7 C*1 W W W 2 x Ka < < g*g{61C/1C 0,1 x -3i gpn mng ha+ gi3i ch"nh W%c ta c0 W < z*A{6 1C/{ su+ &a pH < g*1Q +i 2& .i,t ptp ng phn t v ion thug[n c5a c%c p =n,u c0> W3+ &a giNa a6 `g;RQ v HPl Y6 ;abPRQ v Pa=;RQ>b V6 7aPlb v KbSRA 6 ;aHPRQ v ;aRH c6 yYS v HPl g6 ;aHPRQ v HPl 6 7aPlb v ;a;RQ h6 yYSRA v HPl +i 3 Pho `g;RQ vo gCC $l HPl a d thu 1c 1AQ*g ga$ ),t t5a6 .i,t pt hh c5a p W3+ &a ng phn t v ion thu g[n6 O"nh a :S6 a < 1BC*g < b d P6 @sn .H nh ti,p t!c n t_p l" thu+,t v Vi t_p phpn lu+n t_p ;g+ son'gB1CBbC1Q Tit t chn s { I*y n tJ< %& '(c ti)* lvn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng )i,n thSc gi3i to%n +& T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc 7O1' nhNng $ui no VG thu| phnU ph3n Sng thu| phn c0 ph3i l ph3n Sng aW"t VaiT )hngU nnc 0ng vai t& l aW"t ha+ VaiTU 7i gi3i' ;hNng $ui thu| phn l' / $ui t&ung ho to Vfi =gc> aW"t $nh v ion )i$ loi c5a VaiT +,u6 / $ui t&ung ho to Vfi aW"t +,u v VaiT $nh6 / dui t&ung ho Vfi aW"t +,u v VaiT $nh6 won no s8 thu| phn vni nncU won c5a aW"ts +,u hosc VaiT +,uU ah3n Sng thu| phn l ph3n Sng aW"t VaiT6 / HbR 0ng vai t& l aW"t* VaiT6 7O b' .i,t ph3n Sng W3+ &a f ng phn t v ng won )hi cho b ;aHPRQ lpn l1t ph3n Sng vni b HPl* b KRH* b 7a=RH>b * b HbSRA thi,u6 O&ong $qi ph3n Sng 0 ion H;R Q/ 0ng vai t& l aW"t ha+ VaiT6 7i gi3i' ;aPl Z HbR Z PRb6 ;aHPRQ Z HPl / Z PRb Z HbR HPRQ Z H KbPRQ Z ;abPRQ Z b HbR b ;aHPRQ Z b KRH / / PRQb/ Z HbR HPRQ Z RH 7aPRQ Z ;aRH Z HbR ;aHPRQ Z 7a=RH>b / / 7aPRQ Z HbR HPRQ Z RH Z 7ab/

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

7O Q' cho a $ol ;Rb vo b chSa a $ol ;aRH sau ph3n Sng 1c b ~ 6 ~%c Gnh gi% t&G pH c5a b ~ =lnn h]n ha+ nhu h]n >U gtU 7O A' f bzCP in l+ c5a b ;HQ C*1ze l"t l A*b D 6 O"nh in l+ c5a b t&n C*gQg g ;HAPlvo 1 l"t b t&In6 7i gi3i' / ~ot 1 l"t
b

;HQ' ;;HQ <

0,17 < 1C/b < C*C1 =$ol> C*C1=d> 17

;HQ Z HbR ;HAZ Z RH/ .Co (0,02) 2 .0,01 KV < < < 1*eA6 1C/g 1 0,02 1 Oa c0' n ;HAPl < 53,5 < C*C1 $ol ;HQ Z HbR t ;HA Z RH/ C*C1 C*C1 C =C*C1/W> =C*C1ZW> W
0,535

KV <

Wb Z C*C1W < 1*eA61C/z / W61*eA61C/g Wb Z C*C16C*C1eW / 1*eb61C/g W1 < 1*eQ6 1C/g

Wb < / $ =loi>

(0,01 + x).x < 1*eA61C/g 0,01 x

in l+ lmc n+ l <

1,84.10 5 < 1*eQ61C/g < C*1eQ =D> 0,01

7O g t"nh n#ng lmc cn Vng c5a c%c ion H QRZ v PHQPRR/ t&ong b PHQPRRH C*1d v [ in l+ c5a b 06 7i,t h4ng s phn l+ Ka c5a PHQPRRH < 1*e61C/g6 7i gi3i' PHQPRRH Z HbR PHQPRR/ Z HbRZ 6Po 6Po 6Po p6l+ 6Po 6Po P=1/ >

Ka<

2 Co 2 2 Co < (1 )Co 1

o )a nhu
Ka < Co
1,8.10 5 0,1

1
1,8

Ka

b6Po

<

< 1C/b

7O { O&ong b lit Hy chSa A ga$ Hy ngu+In cht6 : in li c5a Hy lmc n+ l eD6 O"nh hng s phn li c5a Hy :S Ka<{*h{61C/A 7O z @ung Gch aWit o$ic =1 nc> C*Chb D c0 )hi l1ng Wp WL 1 ga$B$ol6: in li c5a HPRRH t&Tng h1p n+ l gD6 O"nh pH c5a t&In :S pH<Q H@ Wot vni 1 lit ung Gch 7O e .i,t pthh W3+ &a !ng phn t v ion thu g[n )hi cho ;aHPR Q lpn l1t t vni c%c ' HPl* KRH* 7a=RH>b * HbSRA thi,u ;Iu vai t& c5a HPRQ/ t&ong $qi p

/Q + H 3O < CH 3COO < C*1QA6 C*1 < 1QA61C 6

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11 KRH C*1 d vo

7O h Pho b HbSRA c0 pH lpn l1t Vng 1 v b6 OhI$ 1CC $l 1CC $l $qi t&In6 O"nh Pd c5a c%c cht t&ong thu 1c f $qi t&Tng h1p :S a6 KbSRA <C*Cbg d

;g+ son 'CzB1CBbC1Q Tit t chn s z Ch NhW3 NitC 6 nhW3 C5cAon Mh.i X*.t nhW3 NitC@"hot<ho %&'(c ti)* Hiu cu h9nh Y lnp ngoi c2ng c5a ngu+In t c%c ngu+In t nh0$ ;it] f t&ng th%i c] V3n* Vi,t cu h9nh Y lnp ngoi c2ng f t&ng th%i )"ch th"ch ;($ vNng sX Vi,n ?i t"nh cht c5a c%c ]n cht v h1p cht c5a c%c ngu+In t t&ong nh0$ P5ng c t"nh cht ho% h[c c] V3n c5a c%c ]n cht nit]* photpho v c%c h1p cht c5a chmng +&T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc 1&,n 8nh !4< 2&+i c1 Z;h(c li cu h9nh Y ngoi c2ng c5a ngu+In t ngu+In t ; ZO]ng tX su+ &a cu h9nh Y ngoi c2ng c5a ngu+In t ngu+In t a 3&+i 34i 2ot /ng 16 O9$ hiu )J h]n vH cu h9nh Y ngu+In t lnp ngoi c2ng 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n 1 1&C$* hYnh E !4< ngoi cZng /.i,t v nh_n Wot ]c sX ging v )h%c /U .i,t cu h9nh Y lnp ngoi c2ng c5a ng t ;* nhau giNa b cu h9nh6 a f t&ng th%i c] V3n6;h_n Wot b cu h9nh /d t3 1c sX phn V Y vo `R ngoi 0U c2ng f t&ng th%i c] V3n v t&ng th%i /d t3 sX phn V Y vo c%c `R lnp ngoi c2ng )"ch th"ch6 ;h_n Wot 1c sX )h%c nhau666 c5a ngu+In t ;* a f t&ng th%i )"ch th"ch6 2&S o?iho. b6 U Pho Vi,t s oWihoas c0 th c0 c5a ; v a ;Iu 1c ' c5a nh0$ ;it] /Q* C* ZQ* Zg c5a ;' 666 ;W 1c' ; v c%c ngu+In t t&ong nh0$ th hin t"nh )h v t"nh oWh O^ ; ,n 7i ' t"nh )h t4ng pn #ng thTi t"nh oWh gi3$ pn Q6 RWit v hi&oWit Q6 .i,t 1c POaO c5a oWit v hi&oWit cao nht c5a c%c ngu+In t t&ong nh0$ v nIu 1c' c5a ;* a' oWitaWit v aWit `sbRQ ' oWit lcng t"nh* t"nh aWit t"nh Vai] SVbRQ ' oWit lcng t"nh* t"nh aWitE t"nh Vai] 7ibRQ ' oWit Vai] 2ot /ng 2 +i tJ<

Nguyn Thanh B nh

1C

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

+i 16 \$ c%c Vi t_p 1*b*Q t&ang bz s%ch Phu+In H tX ch[n +i 26 7ng th" ghi$ no c0 th phn Vit 1c )h" nit] c0 lKn 1 t&ong c%c tp cht sau' clo* )h" HPl* )h" HbS6 .i,t aOHH c5a c%c a F W3+ &a H@ / ;b lKn Plb' 2ng qu t"$ $ / ;b lKn HPl' 2ng qu t"$ $ / ;b lKn HbS' 2ng gi+ t$ aV=;RQ>b +i 3 .i,t cu h9nh Y c5a c%c ion ; Q/ * y/ * Rb/ * ;aZ * dgbZ v &mt &a nh_n Wot vH cu h9nh Y c5 c%c ion 0 +i > : nh_n &a )h" nit] c0 lKn )h" clo ta c0 th s !ng ung Gch no sau + ;aQaRA * KPl* ;abSRA * Kw Z h# tinh Vt +i U O&n Q lit ;a;Rb C*b d vni b lit ;H APl C*b d &#i un n0ng cho ph3n Sng W3+ &a hon ton6 O"nh th t"ch )h" sinh &a =)tc> +i [ \$ Vi t_p g sg) t&ang QC ;g+ son' 1CB1CBbC1Q Tit t chn s e %3oni5c@'*i 53oni

%& '(c ti)* / P5ng c 1 s )i,n thSc c] V3n vH a$oniac* $ui a$oni / lvn lu+n )J n4ng vi,t ptp th hin tc c5a a$oniac* $ui a$oni / lvn lu+n )J n4ngv_n !ng )i,n thSc gi3i to%n +& t, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc R&NhQng \in th-c cC A:n 16a6 O"nh Vai] +,u 16O"nh cht ho% h[c c5a a$oniac /O vni nnc ;HQ c0 nhNng tchh c] V3n noUPho .@6 /O vni aWit $qi tc +Iu cpu HS l+ c%c .@ chSng $inh /O vni $ui V6O"nh )h c6Kh3 n4ng to phSc -. V? sung' ;HQ c0 )h n4ng to phSc b6 b6:iHu ch, ;HQ rIu cpu HS nh(c li pp t?ng h1p ;HQ v c%c iHu )in )J thu_t nh$ t4ng hiu sut c5a qu% t&9nh Q6;h(c li c%c t"nh cht c5a $ui Q6O"nh cht c5a $ui a$oni a$oni Zt"nh tan Zc%c ph3n Sng c5a $ui a$oni W3+ &a o t c5a ion ;HAZ v c5a anion gc aWit RR&+i tJ< +T16 Pho cn Vng sau ;b Z QHb =)> =)>

b;HQ =)>

H < /hb K

Nguyn Thanh B nh

11

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

Pho Vi,t P7 c5a p t&In s8 chu+n Gch thYo chiHu no n,u a6O4ng nhit V6Ho% lung ;HQ t%ch n0 &a )hui hqn h1p c6O4ng %p sut c5a hh p H@6 %p !ng ngu+In l" chu+n Gch cn Vng \] sat]liY a6 P7P@ thYo chiHu nghGch V6P7P@ thYo chiHu thu_n c6P7P@ thYo chiHu thu_n +T26 S!c )h" ;HQ vo ung Gch PuSRA tni 6 .i,t aOHH c5a c%c p W3+ &a* nIu hin t1ng quan s%t 1c 7PuSRA Z b;HQ Z bHbR Pu=RH>b Z =;HA>bSRA Pu=RH>b Z A;HQ jPu=;HQ>Ak=RH>b Hin t1ng' lmc pu Wut hin ),t t5a $u Wanh* sau 0 ),t t5a tan pn to thnh ung Gch t&ong sut $u Wanh la$ +T3 @Kn b*bA lit ;HQ =)tc> qua ng Xng Qb g PuR nung n0ng thu 1c cht &(n ` v )h" 76 a6.i,t aOHH W3+ &a v t"nh th t"ch )h" 7 =)tc> V6O"nh . HPl bd v^a 5 p h,t v ni ` H@ n nCuO < C*A $ol* nNH3 < C*1 $ol b;HQ Z QPuR ;b Z QPu Z QHbR C*1 C*1g C*Cg C*1g ;HQ h,t* PuR a6 f )tc 7 chL c0 ;b .7 < C*Cg6bb*A < 1*1b lit V6 ` g#$ Pu =C*1g1 $ol>* PuR =C*A / C*1g < C*bg $ol> PuR Z b HPl PuPlb Z HbR C*bg C*g $ol Su+ &a . HPl < C*gBb < C*bg lit +T]N +T1& PhL 2ng thI$ 1 ho% cht hF+ t&9nh V+ c%ch phn Vit c%c l[ $t nhFn* $qi l[ chSa 1 sau =;HA>bSRA* ;HAPl* ;abSRA * ;aPl6 +T26 Pho ung Gch 7a=RH>b tni vo gC $l ` c0 chSa c%c ion ;H AZ * SRAb/ * ;RQ/ * th9 c0 11*{g g cht ),t t5a to &a v un n0ng th9 thu 1c A*Ae lit =)tc> $t cht )h" Va+ &a a6 .i,t aOphn t v ion thu g[n c5a c%c ph3n Sng F W3+ &a V6O"nh n#ng d c5a $q $ui t&ong ` ;g+ son' 1bB1CBbC1Q Tit t chn s h

5?it nitDic@3*i nitD5t =t1> 1b

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

%& '(c ti)* 16 P5ng c0 )i,n thSc /Ochh c5a H;RQ* $ui nit&at /aa iHu ch, H;RQ b6lvn lu+n )J n4ng vi,t ptp* sc Vit l p oWi ho%/)h* l$ 7O +&T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc R& I^ th*yt 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n w6OPHH c5a H;RQ O&9nh V+ tchh c5a H;RQ * l+ c%c .@ $inh ho cho c%c t"nh cht 0 16O"nh aWit =$nh> O"nh aWit o t%c nhn no qu+ Gnh Z / O"nh oWi ho% $nh o t%c nhn no H;RQ H Z ;RQ l$ qu t"$ ho% u t Vai]* oWitVai]* qu+,t Gnh rIu cu HS l+ c%c .@ c! th $inh $ui ho cho $qi t"nh cht b6 O"nh oWi ho% $nh dui nit&at l $ui c5a aWit no* t"nh a6.ni K\ =t&^ `u* at> d Z H;RQ d=;RQ>n Z sp )h cht v_t l" v tchh c5a $ui nit&at P%ch nh_n Vi,t ion nit&at t&ong ung Z HbR Gch sp )h' ;Rb* ;R* ;bR*;b* ;HA;RQ H;RQ sc ngui )hng p `l* yY c6.ni h1p cht ww6 dui nit&at ;Iu 1c PO chung d=;RQ>n ZO"nh tan* )h3 n4ng phn li Zc%c ph3n Sng nhit phn c5a $ui nit&at Zt"nh oWi ho% c5a ;RQ/ t&ong $i t&Tng aWit c%ch nh_n Vi,t ion ;RQ/ RR& +i tJ< +T16 \_p ptp thYo s] # cho ni + a6 yY Z H;RQsc* n0ng ;Rb 666 V6yYR Z H;RQ loFng ;R Z 6666 c6 yYQRA Z H;RQ loFng ;R Z 6666 6 yYS Z H;RQ loFng yY=;RQ>Q Z HbSRA Z ;bR Z666 +T2 Hin t1ng )hi cho Pu v HbSRA loFng c2ng vo ;a;RQ l `6Kh" $u nu u Va+ &a 76 thu 1c c0 $u Wanh* c0 )h" )hng $u tho%t &a v ho% nu t&ong )hng )h" P6 thu 1c c0 $u Wanh c0 )h" $u nu u Va+ &a @6)hng c0 hin t1ng g9 +T36O^ b $ol ;HQ :iHu ch, H;RQ thYo s] # sau ;HQ ;R ;Rb H;RQ ;,u hiu sut c5a qu% t&9nh l eCD th9 t^ b $ol ;HQ thu 1c Vao nhiIu $ol H;RQ `6C*e 761*{ P6b*g @61*CbA +T> Pho s] # ;HQ ;Rb ;R H;RQ S YlYct&on $ $t ngu+In t ; nhTng chu+n t^ ;HQ lIn ,n H;RQ thYo s] # t&In l

Nguyn Thanh B nh

1Q

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

`6b 76Q P6e @61C +TU Pho ph3n Sng a Z H;RQ HQaRA Z ;Rb Z HbR O?ng h s c5a c%c cht t&ong pthh t&In )hi cn Vng =h s ngu+In ti gi3n> l `61C 7611 P61b @61Q +T[ ah3n Sng giNa yY=RH>b v H;RQ loFng to &a ;R6 O?ng h s ngu+In ti gi3n c5a c5a c%c cht t&ong pthh F W3+ &a Vng `6bC 76bb P6bA @6bg Ngy son: 21/10/2013 Tit t chn s 1C 5?it nitDic@3*i nitD5t Kt2L %&'(c ti)* P5ng c )i,n thSc v &vn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng )i,n thSc vo gi3i to%n ah%t t&in )h3 n4ng phn t"ch t?ng h1p +&T, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc +T16 ;h_n Gnh no sau + )hng mng `6 Kh" ;HQ c0 $2i )hai* l$ qu t"$ $ chu+n sang $u Wanh 76 H;RQ l aWit $nh* c0 t"nh oWi ho% $nh P6O&ong $i t&Tng aWit* ion ;RQ/ c0 t"nh oWihoas t]ng tX H;RQ @6Ot c3 c%c $ui nit&at )hi VG nhit phn Hu sinh &a oWi 7S& @ +T2 Pho 1Q*g ga$ `l t%c !ng v^a 5 vni b*b lit H;R Q s3n ph$ )h l hqn h1p )h" g#$ ;R v ;bR* tL )hi c5a hh )h" so vni Hb Vng 1h*b6 O"nh Pd c5a H;RQ F 2ng H@' n `l < C*g* dhh < Qe*A a*;R* QC g*{ aBV < bBQ Qe*A V*;bR* AA `l Z A H;RQ e*A `l=;RQ>Q Z ;R Z bHbR =1> bW e`l Z QCH;RQ e`l=;R > Z Q; RZ 1gHbR =b> Q Q b QW =1>* =b> n `l < 1CW < C*g* W<C*Cg =1>*=b> n H;RQ < QeW < Qe6C*Cg<1*h $ol Pd H;RQ < 1*hBb*b < C*e{A d +T3 Pht no t&ong s c%c cht sau + 1c iHu ch, t&Xc ti,p t^ Rb v ;b `6;bR 76 ;R P6 ;Rb @6 ;bRg :S6 7 +T> :un n0ng hh g#$ ;a;Rb v ;HAPl thu 1c )h" ~6 ~ l `6Rb 76;b P6;R @6 ;Rb :S6 7 +TU Pho cn Vng sau t ;b Z QHb b;HQ H < /hb K =)> =)> =)> : P7 c5a p t&In s8 chu+n Gch thYo chiHu thu_n th9 ngTi ta a6O4ng nhit c5a h cn Vng V6Ho% lung ;HQ t%ch n0 &a )hui hqn h1p

Nguyn Thanh B nh

1A

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

c6-i3$ %p sut c5a h cn Vng 6 OhI$ Wmc t%c vo h cn Vng +T[ O&ong ph3n Sng no sau +* nit] 0ng vai t& l cht )h `6 ;b Z QHb b;HQ 76 ;b Z {\i b\iQ; P6 ;b Z Rb b;R @6 ;b Z QPa PaQ;b +T7 Psp cht no sau + c0 th t#n ti t&ong c2ng 1 ung Gch `6 Pu=;RQ>b v ;HQ 76 n=;RQ>b v ;HQ P6 7a=RH>b v HQaRA @6 H;RQ v Pu=;RQ>b +T_ Khi ho tan QC ga$ hh PuR v Pu t&ong H;R Q 1d th+ tho%t &a C*Q $ol ;R u+ nht6 D )hi l1ng PuR t&ong hh pu l `6 A*C 76 h{*C P6 Q*b @6 A*e +T 9 Khi un n0ng* p giNa csp cht no sau + to &a Q oWit `6 H;RQ sc v P 76 H;RQ sc v S P6 H;RQ sc v Pu @6 H;RQ sc v `g +T10 c0 Q l[ $t nhFn chSa &iIng Vit c%c ' HPl* H bSRA * H;RQ 6 @2ng c%c cht no sau + nh_n Vi,t Q l[ t&In `6 $ui Va&i* Pu 76 qu t"$* Vai] P6 $ui Vc @6 aa* qu t"$ +T11 .i,t pthh thXc hin c%c chu+n ho% sau=ghi & ) n,u c0> ;b ;HQ ;R H;RQ ;HA;RQ ;b R
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Pho Vi,t 7 c0 $i t&Tng g9U-t6 +T 12 O&9nh V+ pp loi HPl &a )hui vni H;RQ X]c H;RQ sch HPl6 +T 13 Pho 1*e{ g hh dg v `l vo H;RQ loFng th9 c0 g{C $l )h" ;bR =sp )h u+ nht> tho%t &a =)tc>6 O"nh D )hi l1ng c5a $qi )i$ loi t&ong hh :S D dg < 1b*h D`l<ez*1 +T 1> dt l1ng {C ga$ hh Pu* PuR tan h,t t&ong Q lit H;R Q 1 d* thu 1c 1Q*AA lit =)tc> )h" ;R u+ nht Va+ &a a6 O"nh D )hi l1ng Pu t&ong hh V6 O"nh Pd c5a c%c cht t&ong thu 1c sau p +T 1U P0 QA*e ga$ hh `l* yY* Pu 1c chia l$ b phpn Vng nhau6 /ahpn 1 cho vo H;RQ sc ngui th9 c0 A*Ae lit =)tc> ;Rb Va+ &a6 /ahpn b cho vo HPl th9 tho%t &a C*A $ol )h"6 O"nh )hi l1ng $qi )i$ loi t&ong hqn h1p6 :S Pu<1b*e g `l<1C*e g yY< 11*b g +T 1[ 7u {*A ga$ S vo 1gA $l H;RQ {CD =@<1*Q{z gB$l>6 :un n0ng nh* S tan h,t v c0 )h" ;Rb Va+ &a6 O"nh n#ng D c5a c%c aWit t&ong sau p6 :S HbSRA < 1b*1D H;RQ <Q1*AD Ngy son: 01/11/2013 Tit t chn s 11 `n tJ< 3/t s \in th-c cC A:n 1g

7&

22a

Nguyn Thanh B nh

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

6 Nb hc< ch$t c5 nb <hot<ho %&'(c ti)* P5ng c )i,n thSc v &vn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng )i,n thSc vo gi3i to%n ah%t t&in )h3 n4ng phn t"ch t?ng h1p +& N/i 0*ng 7O1 .i,t pthh W3+ &a )hi cho ;HQ vo V9nh chSa )hi Plb6 ;Iu vai t& c5a c%c cht tha$ gi p -i3i Z b;HQ Z QPlb ;b Z {HPl Pht )h Pht oWi ho% Z ;HQ Z HPl ;HAPl 7ai] `Wit 7O b .i,t pthh W3+ &a ng phn t v ion thu g[n )hi cho a6 Pu vo H;RQ loFng =to ;R> V6 `g vo H;RQ sc c6 yY vo H;RQ sc n0ng* ;h_n Wot )h3 n4ng ph3n Sng c5a H;RQ vni )i$ loi 7O Q .i,t c%c pthh W3+ &a )hi nhit phn c%c $ui sau ;HAPl* =;HA>bPRQ * ;HA;RQ * ;HA;Rb lmt &a nh_n Wot vH sX nhit phn c5a $ui a$oni ;~ dui a$oni chSa gc aWit )hng c0 t"nh oWi ho% =Pl /* HPRQ/* PRQb/* aRAQ/666 >)hi nhit phn cho ;HQ v aWit t]ng Sng6=Khng W3+ &a p oWi ho% )h> dui a$oni chSa gc aWit c0 t"nh oWi ho% =;R Q/* ;Rb/666 > )hi nhit phn W3+ &a p oWi ho% )h 7O A \_p pthh c5a ph3n Sng W3+ &a )hi cho c%c cht sau lpn l1t t%c !ng vni H;RQ sc* n0ng* =s3n ph$ )h l ;Rb> 7O g Pho yY vo b lit ung Gch H;RQ C*1 d thu 1c ung Gch ` v s3n ph$ )h ;R u+ nht6 O"nh )hi l1ng $ui )han thu 1c H@ yY Z AH;RQ yY=;RQ>Q Z ;R Z bHbR yY Z byY=;RQ>b QyY=;RQ>b :S 1Q*g ga$ 7O { Pho C*A $ol ;aRH vo 1CC $l H QaRA 1 d6 Sau )hi ph3n Sng W3+ &a hon ton* c cn ung Gch thu 1c Vao nhiIu ga$ cht &(n )han H@ Wot tL l $ol giNa c%c cht tha$ gia ph3n Sng 7O z Pho Q*eb ga$ Put%c !ng v^a 5 vni bAC $l H;RQ thu 1c A*hbe lit =)tc> hqn h1p ;R v ;Rb6 a6 t"nh s $ol $qi )h" F to &a V6t"nh Pd c5a aWit pu :S a6 ;Rb < C*b $ol ;R< C*Cb $ol V6b d 7Oe @ung Gch H;RQ loFng t vni hh n v nR to &a ung Gch c0 chSa e ga$ ;HA;RQ v 11Q*A ga$ $ui )8$6 O"nh D )hi l1ng c5a hqn h1p u Vi,t )hng c0 )h" tho%t &a :S n<{1*{1D

Nguyn Thanh B nh

1{

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

7O h ;ung n0ng {{*b ga$ aV=;RQ>b sau 1 thTi gian thu 1c gg*A ga$ cht &(n a6 O"nh hiu sut c5a p phn hu| V6 O"nh s $ol $qi )h" tho%t &a :S a6 H<gCD V6 ;Rb < C*b $ol Rb < C*Cg $ol Ngy son: 0_/10/2013 Tit t chn s 1b <hot<ho 6 hc< ch$t c5 <hot<ho %&'(c ti)* HS c5ng c )i,n thSc vH tcvl v tchh c5a a v 1 s h cht c5a a lvn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng )i,n thSc gi3i qu+,t c%c vn H thXc t, A& t, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc R& Min th-c cOn nP3 6Qng 16 :]n cht photpho a6 O"nh cht v_t l" Z-. nIu cu hui' nIu cu t&mc v t"nh cht v_t l" c5a a t&(ng* a u V6 O"nh cht ho% h[c Z-. nIu cu hui' photpho c0 )h3 n4ng th hin t"nh )h ha+ t"nh oWi ho% t&ong c%c p ho% h[c v9 sao HS t&3 lTi 1c' v^a c0 )h3 n4ng th hin t"nh )h v^a c0 )h3 n4ng th hin t"nh oWi ho% b6 HQaRA U;Iu c%c tchh c5a HQaRA 6 O\ 1c \ aWit Q nc* c0 $nh t&ung V9nh6;Iu 1c c%c p th hin t"nh cht c5a HQaRA -c aWit )hng c0 t"nh oWi ho% Q6 dui photphat U;Iu t"nh tan c5a $ui photphat v c%ch nh_n Vi,t ion photphat t&ong $ui RR& +i tJ< 7O1 O?ng h s ngu+In ti gi3n c5a c%c cht t&ong pthh sau Vng Vao nhiIu a Z H;RQ HQaRA Z ;Rb Z HbR `6 1b 76 1Q P6 1A @6 1g 7O b : V3o qu3n a t&(ng* ngTi ta F `6 ng$ t&ong nnc lnh 76 ;g$ t&ong pu P6 t&ong )hng )h" @6 t&ong VYniYn 7O Q Pho chSa a $ol ;aRH t%c !ng vni chSa V $ol H QaRA6 O&ong ung Gch thu 1c c0 chSa nhNng cht no6 =VGIn lu_n thYo a* V> 7O A :t ch%+ hon ton {*b ga$ a t&ong oWi 6Pho s3n ph$ to thnh t v^a 5 vni ung Gch ;aRH Qb D* to &a $ui ;abHaRA a6 .i,t c%c pthh V6 t"nh )hi l1ng ;aRH F 2ng c6 t"nh PD c5a $ui t&ong ung Gch thu 1c :S V6 gC ga$ c6Ab*bA D 7O g OhI$ { ga$ abRg vo bg $l ung Gch H QaRA { D =@<1*CQ gB$l>6 O"nh P D c5a HQaRA t&ong ung Gch thu 1c

Nguyn Thanh B nh

1z

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch :S 7O { a6 ;C

GIO N T CHN 11

QC*hA D .i,t c%c pthh thXc hin c%c chu+n ho% sau ;/Q ;Zb ;ZA ;Zg ;ZA ;Zb ;Zg V6 aZg aC aZg aZg aZg aZg Ngy son bbB11BbC1Q Tit t chn s 11 +i tJ< %& '(c ti)* lvn lu+n )J n4ng gi3i Vi t_p* )J n4ng phn t"ch t?ng h1p ua 0 c5ng c c%c )i,n thSc cpn n($ vNng vH ;* a v c%c h1p cht +& N/i 0*ng 7O1 O&9nh V+ ph]ng ph%p nh_n Vi,t a6 P%c )h" ;R* ;Rb* ;b* ;HQ c0 t&ong A l[ &iIng Vit $t nhFn V6 P%c ung Gch ;a;RQ* Pa=;RQ>b* `g;RQ* H;RQ t&ong c%c l[$t nhFn &iIng Vit c6 P%c loi phn $ ;HAPl* =;HA>bSRA v =;HA>QaRA 7O b P0 Q ung Gch aWit sc H;RQ * HbSRA * HPl Xng t&ong c%c l[ &iIng Vit6 PhL 2ng 1 ho% cht hF+ nIu c%ch phn Vit c%c l[ t&In H@ 2ng )i$ loi Pu 7O Q Pho s] # D
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+H2O

+ H Cl +N a

* t&ong s] # t&In* cht ` l `6 ;HA;RQ 76 PaR P6 =;Hb>bPR @6abRg 7O A Ohnh phpn ho% h[c ch"nh c5a qusng apatit l `6 PaQ=aRA>b V6 Pa=HbaRA>b P6 Q6PaQ=aRA>b6Payb @6 PaPRQ 7O g Pho AA ga$ ;aRH vo ung Gch chSa Qh*b ga$ H QaRA6 Sau )hi ph3n Sng W3+ &a hon ton Y$ thu 1c c cn ,n )han6 Hui$ui no 1c to nIn v )hi l1ng Vng Vao nhiIu ga$ 7O { O^ )hng )h"* nnc v )h" PRb * vi,t pthh iHu ch, phn u&Y Ngy son: 10/11/2013 Tit t chn s 1Q 2c< ch$t c5 c5cAon %& '(c ti)* P5ng c )i,n thSc h1p cht c5a P lvn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng l" thu+,t vo gi3i Vi t_p +& T, ch-c hot /ng 0y hc R& Min th-c cOn nP3 6Qng 16 Pu to c%cc phn t -. hui' vi,t ctct c5a c%c phn t PR* PR b* HbPRQ6 ~%c Gnh cng ho% t&G c5a P t&ong $qi t&Tng h1p b6 O"nh cht ho% h[c -. hui' ;Iu c%c t"nh cht ho% h[c c5a PR* PRb* HbPRQ * $ui cacVonat HS' nIu 1c t"nh cht c5a c%c loi h1p cht nh +Iu cpu RR& +i tJ<

Nguyn Thanh B nh

1e

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

7O 1 .i,t pthh W3+ &a )hi a6 ;ung Pa=HPRQ>b ,n )hi l1ng )hng ?i V6 un si ung Gch Pa=HPRQ>b c6 S!c )h" PRb t^ t^ vo Pa=RH>b 6 S!c )h" PRb t^ t^ vo ;aRH 7O b Pho )h" PRb s!c vo nnc vi t&ong thu 1c 1C ga$ ),t t5a6 t"nh th t"ch PRb =)tc> F VG hp th! 7O Q Pho g*{ lit PRb hp th! vo 1 lit Pa=RH>b thu 1c $ ga$ ),t t5a6 O"nh $ 7O A Pho W $ol PRb hp th! vo ng Gch chSa C*1 $ol KRH6 O"nh )hi l1ng $ui )han thu 1c t&ong c%c t&Tng h1p sau a6 W<C*1 V6W<C*Cg c6W<C*Czg 7O g Pho W $ol PRb hp th! hon ton vo ung Gch chSa C*1 $ol Pa=RH> b thu 1c g ga$ ),t t5a 6 O"nh W H@ W3+ &a b t&Tng h1p

Tit t chn s 1Q +i tJ< %& '(c ti)* lvn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng )i,n thSc l" thu+,t vo gi3i to%n ua 0 c5ng c li c%c )i,n thSc cpn n($ vNng +& N/i 0*ng c.c Ai tJ< 7O 1 .i,t phhh W3+ &a giNa a6 HPl vni ;abPRQ V6 HPl vni ;aHPRQ c6 ;aRH vni ;aHPRQ 6 HPl vni PaPRQ 7O b Pho bg ga$ PaPRQ vo HPl 6 Sau p thu 1c . lit PRb =)tc>6 -i% t&G c5a . l `6 b*g 76 g*{ P6 {*zb @6 e*h{ 7O Q O&9nh V+ pp ho% h[c phn Vit c%c ung Gch &iIng Vit sau ;abPRQ * ;aPl* HPl* ;aRH 7O A Hqn h1p ~ g#$ PRb v SRb c0 tL )hi so vni Hb Vng bz6 D th t"ch PRb c0 t&ong hh l `6 QC D 76 AC D P6 gC D @6 {C D H@ %p !ng qu+ t(c Tng choo 7O g @ung Gch cht ~ l$ qu t"$ ho% Wanh* cn ung Gch c5a cht r )hng l$ ?i $u qu t"$6 O&n lKn bcht li vni nhau th9 Wut hin ),t t5a6~* r lpn l1t c0 th l `6 ;aRH v KbSRA 76 KbPRQ v 7a=;RQ>b P6 ;abPRQ v K;RQ @6 KRH v yYPlQ 6 7* @ mng :S ch[n 7 7O { Khi un n0ng th9 $ui no sau + )hng VG nhit phn `6 =;HA>bPRQ 76 Pa=HPRQ>b P6 ;abPRQ @6 ;aHPRQ

Nguyn Thanh B nh

1h

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

7O z dui no sau + ta tt t&ong nnc `6 yYPRQ 76 PaQ=aRA>b P6PaPRQ @6 Pa=HbaRA>b Z / b/ 7O e O&ong ung Gch c0 chSa c%c ion ;a 6 HPRQ v PRQ 6 7ng nhNng phh no chSng tu 1c sX c0 $st c5a c%c ion t&In t&ong ung Gch 7O h .i,t POPO c5a c%c phn t sau PR* PRb * PaPb * PbHA 7O 1C ;ung hh g#$ A*e ga$ SiRb v gz*{ ga$ dg6 Hqn h1p thu 1c cho t%c !ng vni HPl thu 1c 1Q*AA lit Hb =)tc>6~%c Gnh )hi l1ng Si thu 1c H@ c%c pthh SiRb Z bdg Si Z bdgR Si Z bdg dgbSi dgR Z bHPl dgPlb Z HbR dgbSi Z AHPl bdgPlb Z SiHA dg Z bHPl dgPlb Z Hb :S $ Si cn li < 1h*{ ga$ V6 KbSRA <C*CCbg d* KRH < C*CAg d 7O1C' Pho b b HbSRA c0 pH <1 v pH <b6 thI$ 1CC $l $qi b t&In6 O"nh nn $olB l"t c5a c%c cht t&ong b thu 1c6
b

KRH C*1 d vo 1CC $l

Ngy son:1[/11/2013 Tit t chn s 1Q dt s Vi t_p t?ng h1p `6 d!c tiIu lvn lu+n )J n4ng v_n !ng )i,n thSc gi3i to%n 76 O? chSc c%c hot ng + h[c 7i 1' Pho $ ga$ yY t%c ung v^a 5 1CC$l b H;RQ d thu 1c b*bA*l"t )h" ;R =)tc>6~%c Gnh 6 7i b' Pho $ ga$ )i$ loi d t%c !ng v^a 5 v]i 1CC $l b H;RQ d thu 1c b*bA l"t )h" ;R =)tc>6 ~%c inh 7i Q' Ho tan { ga$ h b b )i$ loi ~*r c0 ho% t&G t]ng Sng l w v ww vo b hqn h1p b aW"t H;RQ v HbSRA =v^a 5> thu 1c b*{ee l"t hqn h1p )h" ;Rb v SRb =)tc> t?ng )hi l1ng Vng g*ee g6 P cn b sau ph3n Sng thu 1c $ ga$ $ui )han6 ~%c inh $6 7i A' Pho 1b ga$ hqn h1p b )i$ loi ~*r ho tan hon ton vo b H;RQ thu 1c $ ga$ $ui v 1*1b l"t )h" ;b =)tc>6 ~%c Gnh $6 7i g' Ho tan hqn h1p dg * yY v )i$ lo ~ vo b H;RQ thu 1c hqn h1p )h" g#$ C*CQ $ol ;Rb v C*Cb $ol ;R 6 W%c Gnh s $ol H;RQ ph3n Sng6=@ )hng to ;HA;RQ>6 7i {' Ho tan hon ton g*CA ga$ hqn h1p g#$ Q )i$ loi ~*r* vo 1CC $l b H;RQ W d thu 1c $ ga$ $ui v C*Cb $ol ;Rb v C*CCg $ol ;bR6 ~%c Gnh W*$ 7i z' ;hu t^ t^ b ;aRH vo b `lb=SRA>Q th+ b vKn !c6 ;,u nhu ti,p b ;aRH b vo th+ t&f li t&ong sut sau 0 nhu t^ t^ HPl vo li th+ b vKn t&ong nhu ti,p b HPl vo b li t&f nIn t&ong sut6 .i,t ph]ng t&9nh ph3n Sng W3+ &a f ng phn t v ng ion &mt g[n6 Pho Vi,t ph3n Sng l aW"t v VaiT6 7i e' PhL 2ng thI$ qu t"$* t&9nh c%ch nh_n Vi,t c%c ung Gch loFng sau' ;abSRA* ;abPRQ * ;aPl* HbSRA* 7aPlb* ;aRH6.i,t ph3n Sng ho% h[c c5a ph3n Sng W3+ &a $inh ho6 7i h' dt b ` chSa c%c $ui ;H AH;RQ * Pa=HPRQ>b * ;a=HPRQ> PaPlb6 un si b $t thTi gian ph3n Sng W3+ &a hon ton b 76 O&n lKn 1 l"t b 7 vni b 7a=RH>b th+ to thnh ),t t5a v c0 )h" thoat &a6

Nguyn Thanh B nh

bC

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

a* vi,t pt ph3n Sng W3+ &a v nIu hin t1ng quan s%t 1c )hi un ` V* t&ong b 7 c0 nhNng ion noU vi,t pt ph3n Sng W3+ &a )hi t&n 7 vni b 7a=RH>b6 c* ;,u t&n 7 vni b dgSRA 6 Hui c0 ),t t5a ha+ )hngU * ;,u t&n 7 vni b HPl th9 quan s%t th+ hin t1ng g9 W3+ &aU Y* Oh?i )h" SRb vo b 76Hui W%+ &a ph3n Sng no6 7i 1C' O&n bCC $l b HPl C*1 d vni HbSRA C*Cg d vni QCC $l b 7a=RH>b 1c $ ga$ ),t t5a v gCC $l b c0 pH < 1Q6 7i 11' O"nh th t"ch b 7a=RH>b C*Cbg d cpn cho vo 1CC $l b hqn h1p g#$ HPl v H;RQ c0 pH < 1 thu 1c b c0 pH<b6

Ngy son beB1bBbC1Q Tit t chn s 1z Ph5 H Q Pu t&mc phn t h1p cht hNu c] %& '(c ti)* HS c5ng c )i,n thSc vHcu t&mc phn t hchc g#$ c%c vn H Z\iIn ),t ho% h[c t&ong phn t hchc ZHin t1ng #ng phn HS v_n !ng thu+,t cu to ho% h[c vi,t cu to c5a c%c loi #ng phn cu to6 HS v_n !ng c%c )i,n thSc s] l1c vH phn t"ch ngu+In t gi3i 1 s Vi t_p +& N/i 0*ng R& Min th-c cC A:n cOn nP3 6Qng 16 \iIn ),t t&ong phn t h1p cht hNu c] Pu hui 1' \iIn ),t ch5 +,u t&ong phn t hchc l g96 73n cht6 7ao g#$ nhNng liIn ),t $+ ;Iu sc i$ c5a l) i v l) Va6 So s%nh liIn ),t pi v liIn ),t Wich$a HS t&3 lTi c%c cu hui t&In6 -. cht li c%c x mng6 -. 2ng $ h9nh hosc h9nh v8 $ t3 sX WYn ph5 c%c `R to thnh l) pi v l) Wich$a Pu hui b \+ .@ vH hchc $ t&ong phn t' Z chL chSa l) Wich$a Zc0 chSa l) i Zc0 chSa l) Va Pu hui Q6 O&ong phn t hchc sau c0 Vao nhiIu l) Wich$a* Vao nhiIu l) i* Va* pi PHQPH<PHPHbP PPHQ b6 :#ng phn Pu hui 1 :#ng phn l g9U :#ng phn 1c chia thnh c%c loi noU :#ng phn cu to 1c chia thnh nhNng loi noUdqi loi l+ 1 .@ -. thng V%o t&ong ch]ng t&9nh pt )hng Wot #ng phn quang h[c Pu hui b Sng vni POaO PQHeR c0 Vao nhiIu #ng phn =cu to> .H #ng phn l_p th

Nguyn Thanh B nh

b1

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

Z-. nIu ngu+In nhn Wut hin #ng phn l_p th6;Iu loi #ng phn l_p th 1c Wot t&ong ch]ng t&9nh ph? thng l #ng phn h9nh h[c* Vao g#$ #ng phn cis/ v #ng phn t&ans/ Z-. l+ .@ v nIu c%ch nh_n Vi,t c%c loi #ng phn h9nh h[c RR& +i tJ< 7O 16 ~%c Gnh cu h9nh c5a c%c cht sau =cis/ ha+ t&ans/>

CH3 CH2CH3 CH3 CH2CH3 C C C C CH3 CH ClH C 3 H 2 =w> =ww> =www> Psp cht no l #ng phn c5a nhau 7O b Pho c%c cht c0 POPO sau PHQPH<PHPHbPHQ =~> PHQPHbPH<PHPHbPHQ =r> PHb<PHPHbPHQ => P%c cht c0 #ng phn h9nh h[c l `6 ~* r* 76 ~* P6 ~*r @6 ~*r 7O Q :t ch%+ hon ton A*Q ga$ cht hNu c] ~ thu 1c A*Ae lit =)tc> PRb v b*z ga$ HbR6 O9$ POaO c5a ~ Vi,t tL )hi h]i c5a ~ so vni Hb Vng AQ :S PAH{Rb 7O A .i,t c%c POPO c5a c%c #ng phn c0 POaO PAHh7& :S A #ng phn 7O g Sng vni POaO PAHe c0 $+ #ng phn cu toU :S g6 =$ch hf v $ch vng> 7O { ~+ Xng PO chung c5a c%c cht t&ong F+ #ng ng c5a aWYtilYn PbHb6
Ngy son CzBC1BbC1A Tit t chn s 1e Ph5 H A hi&ocacVon `n )an %& '(c ti)* P5ng c c%c )i,n thSc vH an )an' cu to* anh ph%p* t"nh cht ho% h[c* ph]ng ph%p iHu ch,6 df &ng )i,n thSc vH an)an' c] ch, ph3n Sng th, vo an)an lvn lu+n ph]ng ph%p v )J n4ng gi3i Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l1ng +&n/i 0*ng 7O16.i,t POPO v g[i tIn tha+ th, c%c an)an t&ong phn t c0 1A ngu+In t H H@ PnHbn Z b su+ &a n<{ su+ &a POaO P{H1A ~ot c%c ng $ch )h%c nhau' C nh%nh* 1 nh%nh ]n gi3n* b nh%nh ]n gi3n666* 1 nh%nh phSc tp666v tha+ ?i vG t&" c%c nh%nh ta c0 tt c3 g #ng phn H@ HS g[i tIn tha+ th, c%c an)an nh qu+ lu_t F 1c h[c 7Ob6 ah3n Sng sc t&ng c5a an)an l ph3n Sng g9U \+ .@ i vni $Ytan HS t&3 lTi cu hui v l+ .@ ph3n Sng c5a $Ytan vni clo )hi chi,u s%ng PHA Z Plb PHQPl Z HPl O&In c] sf 0 gi%o viIn st vn H v t&9nh V+ c] ch, c5a ph3n Sng clo ho% $Ytan thYo c] ch, gc g#$ c%c giai on sau Khi mo Pl Pl Pht trin dy chuyn 6666
as

CH3 CH3 C C CH2CH3 H

as

C! Z C!

Nguyn Thanh B nh

bb

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

t dy chuyn 7O Q6 a>Plo ho% Vutan thu 1c Vao nhiIu Kn Wut $onoclo* t&ong 0 s3n ph$ no chi,$ u th, :S b Kn Wut* b/cloVutan chi,$ u th, V> Hi&ocacVon ~ c0 POaO PgH1b )hi t Plo thu 1c 1 Kn Wut $onoclo u+ nht6 O9$ POPO v g[i tIn tha+ th, c5a H*P 0 :S =PHQ>AP b*b/i$Yt+lp&opan 7O A6 a>.i,t aOHH W3+ &a )hi t ch%+ an)an* so s%nh tL l nH bRBnPRb vni 16 O9$ $qh giNa s $ol an)an VG t ch%+ vni s $ol HbR v PRb sinh &a H@ So s%nh 1c nHbRBnPRb lnn h]n 1 O9$ 1c s $ol an)an VG t ch%+ < s $ol HbR / PRb V> :t ch%+ hon ton $t H*P thu 1c C*b $ol PRb v C*Q $ol HbR6O"nh s $ol H*P F VG t ch%+ v t9$ POaO c5a HP 0 H@ gt su+ &a an)an* n<C*Q / C*b < C*1 $ol aOHH su+ &a PbH{ 7O g 7&o$ ho% an)an ~ thu 1c Kn Wut V&o$ r c0 tL )hi so )hng )h" Vng g*bCz6 O9$ POaO c5a an)an 0 H@ dr < 1g1 su+ &a r l Kn Wut $onoV&o$ PnHbn Z 17&* n<g 7O { :t ch%+ hon ton b*bA lit an)an ~ =)tc>* sau 0 Kn ton V s3n ph$ ch%+ s!c vo nnc vi t&ong thu 1c AC ga$ ),t t5a O9$ POaO c5a ~ H@ n`n)an <C*1 nPRb<nPaPRQ <C*A su+ &a n<A su+ &a PAH1C 7O z :t ch%+ hon ton b*bA lit hh b an)an ~* r l #ng ng liIn ti,p nhau thu 1c g*{ lit PRb =c%c )h" o f )tc>6 O9$ POaO c5a ~* r :S PbH{ v PQHe

Ngy son 1gBC1BbC1A Tit t chn s 1h Ph5 H A hi&ocacVon ~iclo`n )an %& '(c ti)* P5ng c )i,n thSc vH ph3n Sng c5a Wicloan)an6 So s%nh sX )h%c nhau v ging nhau vni an)an6 \$ $t s Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l1ng6 ua 0 &vn lu+n )J n4ng gi3i to%n v )J n4ng ph%t hin vn H* phn t"ch t?ng h1p 76 ;i ung 16 .i,t POPO c%c Wicloan)an c0 g ngu+In t P t&ong phn t6 -[i tIn chmng thYo anh ph%p wa`P H@ c0 tt c3 g Wicloan)an 26 So s%nh cu to c5a an)an vni Wicloan)an6 ah3n Sng sc t&ng c5a Wicloan)an6 ;goi &a Wicloan)an c0 ph3n Sng no )h%c vni an)an6 Pho v" u c! th

Nguyn Thanh B nh

bQ

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

-. lu x' chL c%c Wicloan)an vng A cnh $ni c0 )h3 n4ng tha$ gia ph3n Sng c[ng $f vng vni Hb * &iIng Wicloan)an vng Q cnh cn c0 )h3 n4ng tha$ gia ph3n Sng c[ng vni 7&b v H7&* HPl 36 .i,t pthh thXc hin c%c qu% t&9nh sau a6 :iHu ch, 1* b/iV&o$p&opan t^ Wiclop&opan V6 :iHu ch, 1/V&o$p&opan t^ Wiclop&opan c6 :iHu ch, p&opan t^ Wiclop&opan 6 :iHu ch, Vutan t^ WicloVutan >6 dYt+l WiclohYWan to 1c Vao nhiIu Kn Wut $onoclo `6 hai 76 Vn C6 n4$ @6 s%u g6 Wicloan)an ~ c0 POaO PgHe )hi t vni clo c0 th to A Kn Wut $onoclo* ~ la$ $t $u nnc V&o$6 POPO c5a ~ l PHQ `6 PHQ +6 PHbPHQ P6 @6 PHQ [& Wicloan)an ~ ]n vng c0 tL )hi so vni ;it] Vng b6 \_p POaO ~6 .i,t pthh f ng POPO $inh ho tchh c5a ~ Vi,t )hi t vni Hb =;i> chL to 1 s3n ph$ :S PAHe *

Ngy son bbBC1BbC1A Tit t chn s bC Ph5 H A hiDoc5cAon %n\En& %n\5iEn %& '(c ti)* +T 16 .i,t POPO* g[i tIn tha+ th, tt c3 c%c an)Yn =) c3 #ng phn h9nh h[c> t&ong phn t c0 g ngu+In t P +T 2 O&ong c%c an)Yn sau +* an )Yn no c0 #ng phn h9nh h[c* chL &a ng cis/ v ng t&ans/ n,u c0 7ut/1/Yn * Vut/b/Yn pYnt/1/Yn pYn/b/Yn A/$Yt+lpYnt/b/Yn b/$Yt+lpYnt/b/Yn Q/$Yt+lpYnt/b/Yn 7O Q 7ng ph]ng ph%p ho% h[c hF+ a> ahn Vit p&opan v p&opYn V> \$ sch p&opan v p&opYn c> ahn Vit p&opan * p&opYn* )h" sunu&] Xng t&ong c%c V9nh &iIng Vit 7O A Hqn h1p g#$ b an)Yn ), ti,p nhau t&ong F+ #ng ng c0 tL )hi so vni H b Vng bg*b6 O9$ POaO c5a b an)Yn v t"nh D th t"ch c5a $qi )h" t&ong hqn h1p :S PQH{ =AC D>* PAHe 7O g .iIt aOHH =ghi & iHu )in n,u c0> thXc hin chu+n ho% sau

Nguyn Thanh B nh

bA

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch 7ut/1/Yn PQH{ P AH1C P QH{

GIO N T CHN 11 P QHe P QH{ P QHzRH =spc>

PQHzPl =spc> 7O { Pho YtilYn h1p nnc thu 1c ancol Yt+lic =hiu sut egD>6 O"nh th t"ch YtilYn cpn 2ng thu 1c gC lit ancol Yt+lic AgC =)hi l1ng &iIng c5a ancol Yt+lic l C*e gB$l >

Ngy son Tit t chn s b1

1CBCbBbC1A Ph5 H A hi&ocacVon `n)Yn6 `n)aiYn =ti,p>

%& '(c ti)* Oi,p t!c l$ $t s Vi t_p vH an)Yn* an)aiYn6 ua 0 c5ng c )i,n thSc vH tchh c5a an)Yn* an)aiYn +& n/i 0*ng 16 ~%c Gnh cu h9nh c5a c%c an)Yn sau =cis/ ha+ t&ans/>

CH3 CH2CH3 CH3 CH2CH3 C C C C CH3 CH ClH C 3 H 2 =w> =ww> =www> Psp cht no l #ng phn c5a nhau b Pho c%c an)Yn c0 POPO sau PHQPH<PHPHbPHQ =~> PHQPHbPH<PHPHbPHQ =r> PHb<PHPHbPHQ => P%c cht c0 #ng phn h9nh h[c l `6 ~* r* 76 ~* P6 ~*r @6 ~*r Q6 Ph[n ph]ng %n mng v thXc hin nht Hh1p g#$ p&opYn* Vutan* p&opin* YtiltYn6 : l$ sch Vutan t&ong hh1p t&In ta cho hh1p li &t t^ t^ qua `6 @ Gch chSa `gbRB;HQ &#i qua ;nc V&o$ 76 @ Gch chSa `gbRB;HQ P6 ;nc V&o$ &#i qua @ Gch chSa `gbRB;HQ @6 ;nc V&o$ A6 Pho 1*1b g $t an)Yn cng h1p v^a 5 vni V&o$ thu 1c A*Qb g s3n ph$6 POaO c5a an)Yn l `6 PQH{ 76 PAHe P6 PbHA @6 ah]ng %n )h%c g6 O&2ng h1p tilYn thu 1c poliYtilYn6 -i3 s )hi l1ng c5a 1 phn t poli$Y n+ Vng beCCC vP6 S $(t W"ch c] V3n c5a poli$Y 0 l `6 gCC 76 1CCC P6 1gCC @6 ah]ng %n )h%c 1b6 P&4c)inh g{C lit Vutan* gi3 s thu 1c 1C1C lit hh )h" g#$ PQH{ * PbH{* PbHA* PHA* PAHe* Hb * PAH1C 6 Oh t"ch Vutan cha tha$ gia pB l `6 11C lit 76 )hng WGnh 1c P6 gg lit @61CC lit {6 S3n ph$ ch"nh c5a pB giNa 7utYn/1 vni H7& g#$ `6 ah]ng %n )h%c 76 PHQ PHQ PH7& PHQ P6 PHQ PHb PH7& PHQ @6 PHb7& PHb PHb PHQ z6 :t ch%+ YtilYn thu 1c b $ol PRb6 S $ol YtilYn v th t"ch Rb F pB lpn l1t Vng
Nguyn Thanh B nh
bg

CH3 CH3 C C CH2CH3 H

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch `6 ah]ng %n )h%c P6 b $l v {z*b lit

GIO N T CHN 11 76 b $ol v {z*b lil @6 {z*b lit v b $ol

e6 :t ch%+ hon ton 1 $ol $t H*P c0 )h3 n4ng cng h1p vni V&o$ thu 1c Q $ol PRb v Q $ol HbR6 POPO c5a H*P 0 l `6 PHb<PH PHQ 76 P6 `* 7 mng @6 ah]ng %n )h%c Ngy son 1zBCbBbC1A HS hiu th, no l tYcpYn* Vi,t ct chung tYcpYn l =PgHe>n vni n Tit t chn s bb Ph5 H A hi&ocacVon Kh%i ni$ vH tYcpYn6 7i t_p %& '(c ti)* b nhng )hng ph3i l s3n ph3$ c5a sX t&2ng h1p isop&Yn6 7i,t Sng !ng c5a tYcpYn =P; thXc ph$* $J ph$* 1c ph$> Oi,p t!c gi3i $t s Vi t_p vH an)Yn v an)aiYn +& n/i 0*ng +i c1'vi,t pthh W3+ &a )hi t&2ng h1p isop&Yn thYo )iu 1*A +i 34i w6 Kh%i ni$ vH tYcpYn /-. nIu )h%i ni$ vH tYcpYn* nIu ct chung /-. chL &a sc i$ cu to c5a tYcpYn' $ch P* sc i$ liIn ),t /\+ .@ i vni oWi$Yn v li$onYn =P1CH1{> U @X o%n t"nh cht ho%h[c c5a tYcpYn* t&ng th%i t#n ti v )h3 n4ng ho tan t&ong n nc c5a tYcpYn6 ww6 7i t_p 7O 16 phn Vit c%c cht lung sau HYWan v hYW/1/Yn HYWan v oWi$Yn H@6 @2ng nnc V&o$ hosc ung Gch KdnRA f ) thTng 7O b .i,t aOHH W3+ &a )hi a6 hi&o ho% hon ton oWi$Yn =g[i tIn sp to thnh> V6 oWi$Yn t V&o$ = > 7O Q Hi&o ho% hon ton 1 $Ku olYin h,t AAe $l H b =)tc> thu 1c $t an)an phn nh%nh6 PMng l1ng olYin 0 )hi t vni V&o$ to thnh A*Qb ga$ Kn Wut iV&o$6 ~ POPO v g[i tIn olYin F cho6 P%c pS Wa+ &a hon ton H@ -[i an)Yn l PnHbn n`n)Yn < C*Cb $ol n Kn Wut < C*Cb * d Kn Wut < A*QbBC*Cb < b1{ < 1An Z 1{C* n<A an)Yn c0 nh%nh su+ &a POPO l PHb<P=PHQ>b * $Yt+lp&opYn 7O A dt hh )h" g#$ 1 an)an v 1 an)Yn c0 c2ng s nt P t&ong phn t v c2ng s $ol v^a 5 l$ $t $u eC g 7&o$6 :t ch%+ hon ton hh t&In to &a 1Q*AA lit PR b =)tc> a6 ~ POPO c5a an)an v an)Yn F cho V6 ~%c Gnh tL )hi c5a hh so )hng )h" 7O g .i,t aOHH W3+ &a* g[i tIn s3n ph$ to thnh )hi tilYn c[ng h1p clo tilYn t clo f gCCC P =pS th,> a&opilYn c[ng h1p clo

Nguyn Thanh B nh

b{

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

a&opilYn t clo f gCCC P =pS th,> 7O { -i3 s hiu sut c5a pB t&2ng h1p .in+lclo&ua Vng eCD6 : thu 1c eCC )g aolivin+lclo&ua cpn t&2ng h1p Vao nhiIu )g .in+lclo&ua `6 eCCC 76 1eCC P6 1CCC @6 1CCCC Ngy son bABCbBbC1A Tit t chn s bQ Ph5 H A hi&ocacVon `n)in6 `6 d!c tiIu' P5ng c c%c )i,n thSc c] V3n vH an)in6 lvn lu+n )J n4ng gi3i Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l1ng vH an)in 76 ;i ung 16 `n)in l g9U So s%nh sc i$ cu to c5a an)in vni an)Yn6 O^ 0 &mt &a i$ ging nhau vH t"nh cht ho% h[c giNa an)in v an)Yn6 .i,t aOHH $inh h[a b6 .i,t c%c aOHH iHu ch, c%c cht sau t^ aWYtilYn =ghi & iHu )in n,u c0> a6 1*1/icloYtan V6 1* b/iV&o$Ytan c6 1/cloYtan 6 1/cloYtYn Y6 Vuta/1*Q/iYn 6 Vutan Q6 O&9nh V+ ph]ng ph%p ho% h[c a6 ahn Vit Q )h" )hng $u &iIng Vit' YtiYn* aWYtilYn* Ytan V6 Ohu YtilYn tinh )hi,t c0 lKn aWYtilYn c6 Ohu aWYtilYn tinh )hi,t c0 lKn YtilYn Q6.i,t POPO* g[i tIn tha+ th, c5a c%c an)in c0 POaO PgHe6 A6.i,t POPO c5a c%c an)in c0 tIn tha+ th, sau Q/$Yt+lhYW/1/in A/$Yt+lpYnt/b/in A*g/i$Yt+lhYW/b/in g6@Kn Q*Q{ lit hh ` g#$ p&opin v YtilYn i vo 1 l1ng `g;RQ t&ong ;HQ th+ cn C*eA lit )h" tho%t &a v c0 $ ga$ ),t t5a6 P%c th t"ch )h" o f )tc a O"nh D th t"ch YtilYn t&ong hh` V O"nh $ {6 Khi thXc hin p nhit phn $Ytan iHu ch, aWtilYn thu 1c hh ~ g#$ aWYtilYn* Hb v $Ytan cha ph3n Sng h,t6 OL )hi c5a ~ so vni H b Vng A*AA6 O"nh hiu sut c5a ph3n Sng

Ngy son bhBCbBbC1A Tit t chn s bA Ph5 H A hi&ocacVon 7i t_p %& '(c ti)*' P5ng c c%c )i,n thSc c] V3n vH an)Yn* an)aiYn* an)in lvn lu+n )J n4ng gi3i Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l1ng vH an)Yn* an)aiYn* an)in +& <hCng <h.< -. &a Vi t_p cho HS vH nh gi3i t&S]c 1 s Vi6 \In lnp -. g[i 1 s HS lIn gi3i c%c V9a t_p F &a vH nh* s HS cn li -. &a Vi t_p V? sung ti lnp +Iu cpu HS l$* -. )i$ t&a* chNa v c0 th cho i$ w6 P%c Vi t_p vH nh

Nguyn Thanh B nh

bz

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch

GIO N T CHN 11

16 Hqn h1p ` g#$ an)Yn ~ v H b c0 tL )hi so vni Hb Vng h6 Pho ` qua Vt ;i nung n0ng 1 thTi gian thu 1c hh 7 c0 tL )hi so vni Hb Vng 1g6 a6 O9$ POPO c5a ~* t"nh D. $qi cht t&ong `6 V6 .i,t c%c pthh W3+ &a )hi / ~ t%c !ng vni Hb * 7&b / ~ t%c !ng vni H7&* HbR =to &a s3n ph$ ch"nh> /O&2ng h1p ~ t&ong iHu )in tC v a th"ch h1p b6 O^ PQHe v c%c cht cpn thi,t )h%c* viIt pthh iHu ch, c%c cht sau =ghi & iHu )in n,u c0> `WYtilYn* a* a.P* poliVutaiYn* VYniYn ww6 P%c Vi t_p V? sung 16 7ng ph]ng ph%p ho% h[c hF+ a6 ahn Vit c%c )h" &iIng Vit' Ytan*Vut/1/in* Vut/b/in* )h" sunu&] V6 \$ sch YtilYn lKn aWYtilYn c6 \$ sch aWYtilYn lKn YtilYn b6 .i,t pthh c! th thXc hin c%c cng vic sau =ghi & iHu )in n,u c0> a6 :iHu ch, t&Xc ti,p ivin+l t^ an)an V6 :iHu ch, t&Xc ti,p ivin+l t^ an)Yn c6 :iHu ch, t&Xc ti,p ivin+l t^ ancol Yt+lic Q6 dt s Vi t_p t&(c nghi$ 1.Phn ng: CH2=CH2 + HI CH3CH2I a. ! "hn ng #h$ %. ! "hn ng &'ng &. ! "hn ng "h(n h)* +. ! "hn ng ,h../h0ng #h1 2* 3a 2.45nh 67 n!8 sa9 6(* :! sa;: h<" &h=# CH3>CH=CH2 :! ?'#: a.H;+38&a&%8n n8 %.H;+38&a&%8n ,h0ng n8 &.O:.@;n +.ABng 6Cng &)a .#;:.n ..Dn,.n 3.D2.#;:.n #E& +Fng GH; H2 (+I) &J 2K& #E& N; &h8 3a sn "hL? n!8: M#;:.n M#an N.nO.n P38"an M#;:.n G! M#an 4. A1 nhPn %;$# &E& an,;n &J nQ; 3 R 6S9 ?T&h ngIU; #a #hIUng +Vng a.W9ng +X&h N38? %.C9C:2 #38ng NH3 &.W9ng +X&h DgNO3YNH3 +.C9C:2 #38ng HC: ..C % G! &

Nguyn Thanh B nh

be

Trng THPT S 3 Qung Trch A;79 n!8 sa9 6(* :! sa; ,h; nJ; G7 hJa #Znh &)a .#;:.n[ W\ #ha? g;a "hn ng &'ng NX "h(n h)* R nh;5# 6' 3=# &a8 ]ha? g;a "hn ng #h$ (Enh sEng) ]ha? g;a "hn ng #3Vng h<" W\ %X 82; hJa ^;n*: a2.#*:.n : CH2=CH>CCH 6I<& #T8 #h!nh #_ : CHCH R `008C CH2=CH2 G! CHCH R 1008C, 2K& #E& C92C:2, HC: CH2=CH2 R nh;5# 6' &a8 CHCH R 1008C, 2K& #E& C92C:2YNH4C:

GIO N T CHN 11

Nguyn Thanh B nh

bh

CH2=CH2 G! CHCH R 1008C an "hL? gb #h9 6I<& ,h; nhc nIH& G!8 &a&%9a nh0? %& C22[ 6d %!Ka2L3 +& C22> 6d %!Ka2L3 C& C2> 6d %!Ka2L e& C222 6d %!Ka2L3 f& %!Ka2L3 RRR& C.c Ai tJ< 6 nh 16 `n)aiYn liIn h1p ~ c0 POaO PgHe )hi t%c !ng vni Hb c0 th to 1c H*P r = PgHe> c0 #ng phn h9nh h[c6O9$ POPO c5a ~ :S isop&Yn

b6 O&ong cng nghip Vuta/1*Q/iYn 1c t?ng h1p Vng c%ch no sau +6 .i,t aOHH W3+ &a )hi s !ng c%ch 0 `6 t%ch nnc c5a Ytanol 76 O%ch hi&o c5a c%c H*P P6Png $f vng WicloVutYn @6 Pho s3n ph$ i$Y ho% aWYtilYn t vni Hb c0 Wt a BaVPRQ :S bPbHgRH
t0,xt

PHbPH<PHPHb Z Hb Z bHbR

Q6 Hqn h1p g#$ C*1g $ol PHA C*CCh $ol PbHb C*b $ol Hb 6 ;ung n0ng h?n h1p ~ vni ;i Wmc t%c *thu 1c hqn h1p r 6 Pho r qua V9nh chSa nnc V&$ thu 1c hqn h1p )h" c0 )hi l1ng phn t t&ung V9nh V4ng 1{ 6 : t4ng )hi l1ng c5a b nnc V&$ l C*eb g 6 S $ol $qi cht t&ong l ' %& C2> 0b1U 3o!g C22[ 0b0[ 3o! g 22 0b0[ 3o! 76 PHA C*1g $ol PbH{ C*CA $ol Hb C*Ce $ol P6 PHA C*1g $ol PbH{ C*1b $ol @6 PHA C*1g $ol Hb C*1b $ol A6 H?n h1p )h" ~ g#$ Hb* PbHb v PbH{ 6 Pho t^ t^ { l"t ~ w qua Vt ;i nung n0ng th9 thu 1c Q l"t $t cht )h" u+ nht 6 OL )hi c5a ~ so vni hi& c0 gi% t&G no sau + U `6 1g +& 7bU P6 e @61{

Ngy son CgBCQBbC1A Tit t chn s bg Ph5 H A hiDoc5cAon +i tJ< =Oi,p thYo> %& '(c ti)*'

P5ng c c%c )i,n thSc c] V3n vH an)Yn* an)aiYn* an)in lvn lu+n )J n4ng gi3i Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l1ng vH an)Yn* an)aiYn* an)in +& <hCng <h.< -. &a Vi t_p cho HS vH nh gi3i t&S]c 1 s Vi6 \In lnp -. g[i 1 s HS lIn gi3i c%c V9a t_p F &a vH nh* s HS cn li -. &a Vi t_p V? sung ti lnp +Iu cpu HS l$* -. )i$ t&a* chNa v c0 th cho i$ w6 -[i HS lIn V3ng chNa 7O vH nh F &a f ti,t tX ch[n s bA* cho i$ ww6 7i t_p V? sung ti lnp 16 :t ch%+ $t th t"ch hi& c%c Von ~ cpn { th t"ch oWi v sinh &a A th t"ch PRb 6 ~ l$ $t $u b nnc V&$ v c0 )hF n4ng ),t h1p hi& to hi& c%c Von no $ch nh%nh = c%c th t"ch o f c2ng )> 6 ~ l' `6 b/ $Yt+lpYntYn/1 76 b/ $Yt+lVutYn/ b C& 2@ 3Ety! <Do<En @6 VutYn / b6 Pho b hi& c%c Von ~*r lpn l1t c0 cng thSc PbWH+ v PWHbW 6 7i,t t| )hi c5a ~ so vni )hng )h" Vng b6 Png thSc phn t c5a ~ *r lpn l1t l ' `6 PbHA v PHA +& C>210 6 C22> P6 PAHe v PbHA @6P{H1b v PQHe Q6 Pho Q*Q{ l"t h?n h1p =)tc> g#$ $t an)an v $t an)Yn *Hu f th )h" f )t w qua b V&$ th+ c0 e ga$ V&$ ph3n Sng 6 Khi l1ng c5a {*zb l"t h?n h1p 0 l 1Q ga$ 6 Png thSc phn t c5a hai hi& c%c Von l ' `6 PbHA v PbH{ +& C32[ 6 C32_ P6PbHA v PAH1C @6 PQH{ v PAH1C A6 r c0 cng thSc phn t PgHe 6r c0 $ch c%c Von phn nh%nh v to ),t t5a vni `gbR t&ong ;HQ * v_+ r l ' `6 aYntin/1 76 b/ $Yt+l Vutin/1 P6 aYntin/b e& 3@3Ety! A*tin@ 1 g6 P0 th iHu ch, nhXa a.P t^ % vw * than % thYo s] # no sau + ' `6 PaPRQ PaR PbHb PbHQPl a.P 76 PaPRQPbHbPbHQPla.P P6 PaPRbPRbPbHbPbHQPla.P e&C5Ca3 C5a C5C2 C222 C223C! "]C

[& : s3n Wut cao su t?ng h1p t^ ngu+In liu ch"nh l PHA th9 ti,n hnh thYo s] # no sau + U `6PHAPbHbPAHAPAH{=/PHb/P<PH/PHb/>n +& C2> C222 C22> C22Ua2 C>2[ K@C22@C2hC2@C22@Ln C& C2> C222 C>2> C>2[ K@C22@C2hC2@C22@Ln @6 P3 `*7*P Hu 1c z6 l ' S #ng phn c5a an)in P{H1C to ),t t5a vni ung Gch `g;RQ t&ong ;HQ `6 b 76 Q C& > @6g

_ 1 $ol hi& c%c Von ` ch%+ cho )hng ,n Q $ol PRb 6 dst )h%c 1 $ol ` l$ $t $u ti a 1 $ol V&$ 6 ._+ ` l ' `6 `n)in 76 `n)aiYn C&C22> @6 PbHb

Ngy son 11BCQBbC1A Tit t chn s b{

Ph5 H A hiDoc5cAon +EnBEn 6 ing jng& '/t S 2bc thC3 \h.c

%& '(c ti)*' P5ng c c%c )i,n thSc vH cu to v t"nh cht c5a VYniYn v c%c #ng ng' -imp HS Vi,t )h3 n4ng v chiHu hnng c5a ph3n Sng th, vo vng VYiYn )hi vng c0 g(n sn nh0$ th, c0 sc t"nh hmt Y =nh0$ thI loi b> ah%t t&in )J n4ng phn t"ch t?ng h1p6 -i3i 1 s Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l/ 1ng 76n/i 0*ng 16 ?n Gnh lnp b6 Ki$ t&a Vi cM 16ah%t Viu qu+ t(c th, vo vng VYiYn6 .i,t aOHH W3+ &a )hi VYniYn v toluYn t%c !ng vni V&o$ t&ong t&Tng h1p c0 Wmc t%c yY v t&ong t&Tng h1p un n0ng b6 O&ong c%c cht sau + cht no l$ $t $u ung Gch V&o$6 .i,t aOHH gi3i th"ch hin t1ng W3+ &a' VYniYn* toluYn* sti&Yn* p&opin* YtilYn Q6 7i $ni /-. nh(c li qu+ t(c th, t&ong vng VYniYn nh S-K6 /-. st vn H' t&ong t&Tng h1p vng VYniYn c0 g(n c%c nh0$ th, )h%c* .@ nh0$ /;Rb * nh0$ /PRRH th9 )h3 n4ng ph3n Sng v chiHu hnng th, W3+ &a nh th, noU /-. l+ vi .@ v phn t"ch )h3 n4ng v chiHu hnng th, vo vng VYniYn so vni vng VYn iYn )hng c0 nh0$ th, .@1' nit&oVYniYn t vni V&o$ )han =yY> .@b' nit&oVYniYn t vni H;RQ =HbSRA > /-. hnng Kn HS &mt &a qu+ t(c th, vo vng VYniYn )hi vng c0 g(n sn nh0$ th, nh /;Rb* /PHR* /PRRH vgv $inh h[a Vng s] # nh sau'
II

(-NO2, -COOH, -CHO)

d
K,t h1p qu+ t(c c5a S-K* -. +Iu cpu HS l_p s] # chung
I

(-ankyl, -OH, NH2)

II

(-NO2, -COOH, -CHO)

>&+i tJ<

16 O^ aWYtilYn v c%c cht v c] cpn thi,t )h%c vi,t pthh iHu ch, c%c cht sau o/nit&otoluYn* $/init&oVYniYn* V&o$VYniYn* o/7&/P{HA/;Rb * $/7&/P{HA/;Rb =Vi,t 7& l nh0$ th, Gnh hnng o/ v p/ > b6 So s%nh )h3 n4ng v chiHu hnng th, nh0$ nit&o =tL l 1'1>vo vng VYniYn c5a c%c cht sau' 7YniYn* Yt+lVYniYn* nit&oVYniYn .i,t c%c ph]ng t&9nh ho% h[c $inh h[a CH2CH3 1 ` 2
5 4 3 CH3

Q6 Hi&ocacVon ~ c0 POPO nh sau' Khi ~ t%c !ng vni V&o$ c0 $st Vt s(t thu 1c $+ Kn Wut $onoV&o$ `6 1 76 b C6 Q @6 A A6 ~ l #ng ng c5a VYniYn c0 POaO P eH1C * )hi ~ t%c !ng vni V&o$ c0 $st ha+ )hng c0 $st yY t&ong $qi t&Tng h1p chL to thnh 1 Kn Wut $onoV&o$ u+ nht6 POPO c5a l CH3
CH3

CH3

CH3

CH2CH3

CH3 CH3 %6 76 P6 @6 g6 ` l #ng ng c5a VYniYn chSa hCD )hi l1ng P t&ong phn t* d` E 1{C6 O9$ POaO* POPO c5a ` Vi,t )hi ~ t%c !ng vni V&o$ c0 $st ha+ )hng c0 $st yY t&ong $qi t&Tng h1p chL to thnh 1 Kn Wut $onoV&o$ u+ nht6 H@ PnHbn/{ * D$P<hC n<h* -t su+ &a c0 cu to i WSng CH3

H3C CH3

Ngy son 1zBCQBbC1A Tit t chn s bz Ph5 H A hiDoc5cAon +i tJ< %& '(c ti)*' lvn lu+n )J n4ng gi3i Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l1ng vH an)Yn* an)aiYn* an)in VYniYn v #ng ng A& n/i 0*ng 16 PhL 2ng 1 thuc th hF+ phn Vit c%c cht lung &iIng Vit )hng $u sau 7YniYn* toluYn* sti&Yn H@ @2ng KdnRA Sti&Yn' l$ $t $u KdnRA f )t 7YniYn' l$ $t $u KdnRA )hi un n0ng toluYn')hng l$ $t $u KdnRA

b6 Pho c%c cht sau t+lVYniYn* toluYn* P{HgPHbPHbRH* VYniYn6 P0 th thu 1c sti&Yn Vng ph3n Sng t&Xc ti,p c5a cht no* vi,t aOHH $inh ho H@ t^ t+lVYniYn* P{HgPHbPHbRH Q6 :t ch%+ hon ton H*P ~ l cht lung f )t thu 1c HbR v PRbthYo tL l $ol t]ng Sng l 1'b6 POaO c5a ~ l `6 PbHb 76 PAHA P6 PgH1b e6 P{H{ A6 7&o$ ho% an)an ~ thu 1c Kn Wut r c0 tL )hi h]i so vni H b Vng zg*g6 P0 Vao nhiIu an)an tho3 $Fn c%c iHu )in t&In H@ dr < 1g1 @~ $onoV&o$* r ' PnHbnZ17& n<g PgH1b Q #ng phn g6 Hh d chSa VYniYn v WiclohYWYn6 d c0 )h3 n4ng l$ $t $u ti a zg g V&o$ Q*b D6 ;,u t ch%+ hon ton d v cho ton V s3n ph$ vo ung Gch Pa=RH>b th9 thu 1c b1 ga$ ),t t5a6 O"nh D )hi l1ng t^ng cht t&ong hh d :S D$ P{H{ < gg*h D H@ chL c0 WiclohYWYn t%c !ng vni V&o$ thYo ph3n Sng c[ng =)hng $f vng> Ngy son bABCQBbC1A Tit t chn s be Ph5 H A 0kn ?*$t h5!ogEn c5 hiDoc5cAon %& '(c ti)*' P5ng c )i,n thSc vH Kn Wut hal c5a H* P6 df &ng )i,n thSc vH Kn Wut halc5a H* P' t"nh cht ho% h[c* Sng !ng iHu ch, $t s s3n ph$ hNu c] )h%c \$ $t s Vi t_p Gnh t"nh v Gnh l1ng vH Kn Wut hal c5a H* P 76 n/i 0*ng 1& 7i cM 16 ;Iu c%c loi ph3n Sng iHu ch, Kn Wut hal c5a H* P6 \+ .@ $inh ho b6 .i,t aOHH W3+ &a t&ong 0 Kn Wut hal c5a H* P tha$ gia ph3n Sng th,* tha$ gia ph3n Sng cng6 b6 ;i ung -. st vn H vH )h3 n4ng ph3n Sng c5a c%c Kn Wut ihalogYn t^ c%c ph3n Sng c5a Kn Wmt $onohalogYn `6 ah3n Sng t%ch c5a Kn Wut * ihalogYn /O n* tC ' to an)Yn t0 .@ PHb7&PHb7& Z n PHb<PHb Z n7&b Oq' H@ hs tX vi,t pthh /O )iH$Bancol ' to an)in

PHb7&PHb7& Z bKRH PH PH Z bK7& Z bHbR Oq' H@ hs tX vi,t pthh /ah3n Sng t4ng $ch P ete khan .@ bPHQPl Z b;a PHQPHQ Z b;aPl Oq' H@ hs tX vi,t pthh 76 7i t_p c5ng c 16 .i,t POPO* g[i tIn tha+ th, c5a c%c Kn Wut Hal c0 POaO nh sau* chL &a VVc c5a $qi Kn Wut 0 PAHhPl :S' A Kn Wut b6 .i,t POPO* g[i tIn tha+ th, c5a c%c Kn Wut Hal c0 POaO nh sau PQH{Plb :S A Kn Wut Q6 O^ $Ytan v c%c cht v c] cpn thi,t )h%c =c%c iHu )in coi nh c0 5>* vi,t aOHH iHu ch, c%c cht sau tan * Yt+lclo&ua * YtilYn * ancol Yt+lic * Ytin H@ rIu cpu HS a &a c%c ph]ng %n c0 th thu 1c c%c cht t&ong +Iu cpu c5a H Vi A6 O^ aWYtilYn* vi,t aOHH c5a c%c ph3n Sng iHu ch, c%c cht sau t+l V&o$ua* 1*b/iV&o$Ytan* vin+l clo&ua* 1*1/iV&o$Ytan P6 @sn vH nh \$ tt c3 c%c Vi t_p vH Kn Wut Hal t&ong S-K v s%ch 7O

ancol,t0

Ngy son CgBCABbC1A Tit t chn s bh Ph5 H g %nco!@<hEno! %& '(c ti)* P5ng c )i,n thSc vH ancol' cu to* t"nh cht df &ng )i,n thSc vH tchh c5a ancol' t"nh cht hh sc t&ng c5a c%c ancol no* $ch hf c0 c%c nh0$ /RH )H nhau df &ng )i,n thSc vH ph3n Sng t%ch nnc t^ ancol no* ]n* hf' qu+ t(c aiWYp A& t, ch-c c.c hot /ng 0y hc w6 Ki$ t&a Vi cM 16 ahn Vit Ytanol v gliWY&ol Vng ph]ng ph%p ho% h[c6 b6 O&ong s c%c ancol c0 POaO PAH1CRb c0 Vao nhiIu ancol ho tan 1c Pu=RH>b to thnh Wanh la$ ww6 ;@ ww`6 P5ng c v $u &ng )i,n thSc 2ot /ng c5 hc sinh 2ot /ng c5 gi.o 6i)n 16 .i,t POPO v g[i tIn 16rcpu hs vi,t POPO v g[i tIn tha+ th, \u x c%c ancol )hng VHn' Z666 c5a c%c ancol $ch hf c0 POaO PAHeR Z666 ua 0 -. lu x HS c%c ancol no )hng b6 vi,t aOHH ni sX hnng Kn c5a -. VHn6

@ni sX H@ c5a -.* hs su+ &a ni c5a qu+ t(c t%ch aiWYp

ung b6 -. +Iu cpu v hnng Kn hs vi,t aOHH W3+ &a )hi t%ch nnc t^ c%c phn t sau' p&opanol* Vutan/1/ol* Vutan/b/ol6

ww76 7i t_p c5ng c 16 O%ch nnc t^ ancol no sau + thu 1c b an)Yn #ng phn =) c3 #ng phn h9nh h[c> `6 7utan/1/ol 76 Vutan/b/ol P6 p&opanol @6 pYntan/Q/ol :S6 e =b an)Yn f ng cis/ v ng t&ans/> b6 O%ch nnc t^ ancol no sau + thu 1c b an)Yn #ng phn cu to `6 7utan/1/ol 76 Vutan/b/ol P6 p&opanol @6 pYntan/Q/ol :S 7 =Vut/1/Yn v Vut/b/Yn> Q6 S3n ph$ ch"nh thu 1c )hi t%ch nnc t^ pYntan/b/ol l `6 aYnt/1/Yn 76 aYnt/b/Yn P6 aYnt/1/in @6 aYnt/b/in :S 7 =v_n !ng qu+ t(c aiWYp> A6 P0 Vao nhiIu ancol c0 c2ng POaO P AH1CR )hi t%ch nnc cho 1 an)Yn u+ nht =gi3 s )hng W3+ &a sX chu+n vG )hi ph3n Sng t%ch in &a> `6 C 76 1 P6 b @6 Q :S @ g6 O^ p&opan/1/ol* vi,t pthh iHu ch, p&opan/b/ol H@ 16 t%ch nnc b6 c[ng nnc {6 .i,t aOHH W3+ &a =n,u c0> )hi cho t^ng cht sau lpn l1t t vni ;a * ;aRH * nnc ho tan PRb PQHg=RH>Q * p/P{HA=RH>b * p/HRP{HAPHbRH z6 O&9nh V+ ph]ng ph%p ho% h[c phn Vit c%c cht &iIng Vit sau + ahYnol =lung>* Ytanol* gliWY&ol* VYniYn H@ @2ng nnc V&o$ phYnol @2ng Pu=RH>b gliWY&ol @2ng ;a Ytanol Pn li l VYniYn

Ngy son 1bBCABbC1A Tit t chn s QC Ph5 H g Ai tJ< 5nco!@<hEno! %& '(c ti)* lvn lu+n )J n4ng gi3i Vi t_p vH ancol* phYnol6 ua 0 c5ng c c%c )i,n thSc vH ancol* phYnol ah%t t&in )J n4ng phn t"ch t?ng h1p* t u+ )hoa h[c lvn lu+n t"nh cn th_n t&ong cng vic 76 N/i 0*ng

7O16 Pho cht p/HRP{HAPHbRH* vi,t pthh Wa+&a )hi cht 0 lpn l1t t vni H7&* PuR =tC>* 7Ob6 :un cht p/PlP{HgPHbPl vni ;aRH 6S3n p$ hNu c] thu 1c l cht no `6 p/PlP{HAPHbRH 76 p/HRP{HAPHbPl P6 p/;aRP{HAPHbRH @6 p/;aRP{HAPHbR;a :S P 7OQ6 ~ l $t ancol no $ch hf6 : t ch%+ hon ton C*Qg $ol ~ cpn v^a 5 Q1*Q{ lit Rb =)tc>6 ~%c Gnh POaO* vi,t POPO v g[i tIn tha+ th, c5a ~ :S PnHbn Z bRW * W<Qn/z 1Wn n < Q* W<b PHbRH PHRH PHQ ' p&opan/1*b/iol PHbRH PHb PHbRH ' p&opan/1*Q/iol 7OA6 ~ l ancol )hng no ]n chSc* $ch hf t&ong phn t c0 1 liIn ),t i6 :t ch%+ hon ton 1*Ag g ~ cpn v^a h,t Q lit R b =th t"ch $ol t&ong ) th" nghi$ l QC>6 ~%c Gnh POaO* vi,t POPO v g[i tIn tha+ th, c5a ~ :S PnHbn/1RH =PnHbnR> n <Q * PHb<PHPHbRH p&opYnol 7Og6 Hqn h1p d chSa b ancol no* ]n chSc $ch hf ), ti,p nhau t&ong F+ #ng ng6 :t ch%+ hon ton Qg*{ ga$ d cpn v^a h,t {Q*eA lit Rb =)tc> ~%c Gnh POaO v D )hi l1ng c5a t^ng cht t&ong d6 H@ v :S PO chung PnHbnZbR =n' sngu+In t P t&ung V9nh> n < Q*e su+ &a b ancol l PQHeR =W $ol> v PAH1CR =+ $ol> {CW Z zA+ < Qg*{ QW Z A+ < =W Z +>Q*e D$ PQHeR < 1{*eg D 7O{6 :un n0ng 1 hqn h1p g#$ b ancol no* ]n* hf vni H bSRA f 1ACCP thu 1c z*b ga$ hh Q YtY vni s $ol Vng nhau* v b1*{ ga$ nnc6 ~%c Gnh POPO b ancol v )hi l1ng $qi ancol X ph3n Sng6 :S PHQRH =Qe*A ga$> v PbHgRH =gg*b ga$> 7Oz6 ;Iu hin t1ng* vi,t pthh W3+ &a )hi s!c )h" PRb vo nat&iphYnolat sau 0 un n0ng H@ ht1ng' ung Gch VG vn !c = o to phYnol &t "t tan t&ong nnc lnh> &#i t&ong t&f li = o )hi 0 phYnol F tan ch3+>

Ngy son 1zBCABbC1A

Tit t chn s Q1

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