69 SINGLE-PHASE CONVERTERS 187 o igure 6-17 Veltge aro a thyristor in she iver me during which the volsge across the thyristor i negoive and Depend which Keone positive. As discussed in Section 23 dealing with thyristors, te extinction time interval 1, = should be greater than the thyristr tun off time 4 Otberwise, the dyrstr will prematurely begin to conduct, resulting in the file of curtent o commurate from one {hyristor par 10 the other, an abnormal operation that can result in large destructive138 GIAPTER 6 LINE FREQUENCY PILE CONTROLLED RPCTIFIERS AND INVERTERS Ne oe Figare 6-18 Waveforms at inverer sup. 63-41 Inverter Start-up For startup of the inverter im Fig. 6-160, the delay ange a is ally made suliciently large (€-g-, 165") so that gis discontincous, as sbowa in Fig. 6-18. Thea, a is decreased by the controler sch 6-3-5 we VOLTACE WAVEFORM (LINE NOTCHING the desied /, and Py are obaiced, AND DISTORTION) ‘Thytstor converters result in Kine noise. Two main reasons for line noise are Line notching sand voltage distortion. Doth ofthese topics are discussed in Section 6-45 for three-phase converters. similar analysis can be carried out for single phase converters. 6-4 THREE-PHASE CONVERTERS 6-4-1 IDEALIZED CIRCUIT WITH Lis = 0 AND éfé) = Te ‘The practical circuit of Fg. 6-4b withthe assumption of L, = 0 anda purely de cureat {,(@ = Iyis shown in Fig. 6-194. Itcan be redravn asin Fig. 6-19. The curent flows , a |p hn Bn Be 2 ” = « Ou . «Ox fe w Figure 6-19 “Three phose hysor converter with L, = 0 an constant de curee 6-4 THREE PHASE CONVERTERS 139 through one ofthe thyristors ofthe top group (ibyristrs 1,3, and 5) and one ofthe bottom r0up (2, 4, and 6). If the gate curents were continuously applied, the thyisiors in Fig 6-19 would behave as diodes and their operation would be similar otha descrbod in the ‘previous chapter. Linder these conditions (a = 0 and L, = 0), the votages and the current in phase a ae shown in Fig. 6-202. The average de voltage Va, is ain Bq 5-68 (636) Using the same definition asin Secon 6 3-1, instants of narra conduction forthe varios thyristors are show in Fig. 620 by 1,2, .. Th effet ofthe firing or delay anele a on the converter waveforms are shown in Fis. 620 thouch d. Focusing om the ‘ommutstion of curent from thyristor Sto I, we se thal thyristor 5 keeps on conducting ntl = a, at which instant the current commutats instantancoucy to thyristor 1 duc to zero L,. The current in phase ais shown in Fig. 6-2. Similar dey by an angle takes place in the conduction of othe Uyristrs. The lin tone 2c vollages and the de ‘otpul vitae (=Vrw ~ Yn) ate shown in Fi. 620d. ae expression forthe average de voltage can be obtained from the waveforms in Figs. 6206 and d. The vol-second area A, (every GF) retusa the zeduction in the average de vollage witha delay angle @ comparad to V,, in Fig. 6 200, Therefore, wan Figure 6-20 Wavelorms inthe comerte of Fig. 619