Cu 4: (2 im)

Trnh by cu trc tiu gi IP phin bn 4.

Bt 1 gi IP v c 20 byte u tin c chui bit nh sau:
bit 0

bit 31
0100 0101 0000 0000 0000 0101 1000 0010
1000 0101 0110 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000
0010 1111 0000 0110 0000 0000 0000 0000
1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 1010 0000 0101
1100 1011 1010 0010 0000 0100 1011 1111
Hy cho bit cc thng tin sau y v gi IP:
- Chiu di phn tiu (header) v chiu di phn d liu (payload) tnh theo byte?
- Gi IP cha n v d liu ca giao thc vn chuyn no?
- a ch IP ca my gi v my nhn?
- y l gi IP y hay l mt mnh ca gi IP?
- Bit rng gi tr TTL khi to l 64, cho bit gi ny chuyn qua bao nhiu router?
GII
a/ Cu trc tiu gi IP phin bn 4:
(xem trang 50-51 sch hng dn hc tp mn Mng My tnh ca HV CNBCVT)

VERS (4 bit) : xc nh phin bn ca giao thc IP (phin bn 4 hoc 6).

HLEN (4 bit) : xc nh chiu di phn tiu gi IP, tnh bng n v word (1 word = 4 bytes = 32bit)
Service Type : xc nh loi dch v, c s dng cho mc ch qun l cht lng dch v.
Total Length (16 bit) : xc nh kch thc ton b gi IP (bao gm c phn tiu ).
Identification (16 bit) : gi tr dng nhn dng gi IP. Mi gi IP c mt s nhn dng khc nhau, tuy
nhin khi c phn on xy ra th tt c cc phn on ca cng 1 gi IP s c cng mt gi tr nhn
dng.
Flags (3 bit) : cc c dng cho mc ch phn on v ti hp.
Mi bit c ngha nh sau: bit 0 : khng dng, bit 1 : dont fragment; bit 2 : more fragment.
Fragment offset (13 bit) : xc nh di ca phn mnh hin ti tnh t v tr byte u tin trong gi IP
gc.
Nguyn Thin Thnh CN206A3

Time To Live (8 bit) : xc nh thi gian sng ca gi IP, tnh bng n v hop (s router m gi IP
c php chuyn qua). Mi router trn ng truyn s gim gi tr TTL i 1, n khi TTL=0 th gi
b loi khi mng.
Protocol (8 bit) : xc nh loi giao thc cha bn trong gi IP.
+ TCP : 6
+ UDP : 17
+ ICMP : 1
Header checksum (16 bit) : chui bit kim tra tiu gi. Gi c tiu sai s b loi b. Checksum
khng kim tra phn d liu.
Source IP address (32 bit) : a ch ca my gi.
Destination IP address (32 bit) : a ch ca my nhn.
Option (s bit thay i) : thng tin ty chn, c th c hoc khng.
Padding (s bit thay i) : cc bit chn cho chn t (l bi s ca 32 bytes)
Data : phn d liu

Xem thm
n v d liu ca giao thc IP c cu trc nh sau:

Trong phn header bao gm cc thnh phn:

+Version: ch ra phin bn hin hnh ca IP c ci t (c gi tr l 4 i vi IPv4).
+Internet Header Length (IHL) Ch di phn u ca IP packet, tnh theo n v t (word = 32 bit). di
ti thiu l 5 t (20 byte).
+Differentiated Services (DS): Trc y cn gi l Type of Services c t cc tham s dch v
Vi ngha cc bit c th:
+ Precedebce (3 bit): quyn u tin c th l 111 - Network Control, 110 - Internetwork Control, 101 CRITIC/ECP, 100 - Flash Override, 011 - Flash, 010 - Immediate, 001 - Priority, 000 Routine.
D (Delay) (1 bit): ch tr yu cu D = 0 nu tr bnh thng, 1 nu tr thp.
T (Throughput) (1 bit): ch thng lng yu cu T = 0 thng lng bnh thng, 1 nu thng lng cao.
R (Reliability) (1bit) ch tin cy yu cu R = 0 tin cy bnh thng, 1 nu tin cy cao.
C (Cost) (1bit) ch hao ph C = 0 normal cost, 1 nu minimize cost.
Reserved (1bit) dnh.

+ Total Length trng 16 bit ch di ton b datagram bao gm c phn header v phn data tnh theo byte
v c gi tr ln nht l 65535 v gi tr nh nht l 20 byte.
+Identification (16 bit) nh danh duy nht cho 1 datagram khi n vn cn trn lin mng.
+Flags (3 bit) iu khin s phn mnh. Theo th t t bit cao xung bit thp nh sau:
o Reserved: c gi tr 0.
o DF: 0 (May Fragment); 1 (Dont Fragment).
Nguyn Thin Thnh CN206A3

o MF: 0 (Last Fragment); 1 (More Fragment).

+ Fragment Offset ch v tr ca on (fragment) trong datagram tnh theo n v 64 bit, c ngha mi on (tr
on cui cng) phi cha mt vng d liu c di l bi s ca 64 bit.
+ Time To Live (TTL) (8 bit): quy nh thi gian tn ti (tnh bng giy) ca datagram trong lin mng trnh
tnh trng mt datagram b lp v hn trn lin mng. Thi gian ny c cho bi trm gi v c gim i
(thng quy c l 1 n v) khi datagram i qua mi router ca lin mng.
+Protocol (8 bit): ch ra giao thc tng trn k tip s nhn vng d liu trm ch (hin ti thng l TCP
hoc UDP c ci t trn IP).
+Header Checksum (16 bit): m kim sot li 16 bit theo phng php CRS, ch dnh cho phn header.
+Source address (32 bit): a ch trm ngun.
+Destination address (16 bit): a ch trm ch.
+Options ( di thay i): khai bo cc la chn do ngi dng yu cu (ty theo tng chng trnh).
+Padding ( di thay i): vng m c dng m bo cho phn header lun kt thc mt mc 32 bits.
+Data ( di thay i): vng d liu c di l bi s ca 8 bit v ti a l 65535 byte.
b/ Xc nh cc thng tin ca gi IP:
(Trong phn ny cc thng s s dng cc mu khc nhau cc bn d hnh dung ra c cc thng tin
m bi yu cu nm u trong gi IP)
0100 0101 0000 0000 0000 0101 1000 0010
1000 0101 0110 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000
0010 1111 0000 0110 0000 0000 0000 0000
1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 1010 0000 0101
1100 1011 1010 0010 0000 0100 1011 1111
Theo bi, ta c
HLEN = 0101 = 5 => 5*4 = 20 byte
=> Chiu di phn tiu (header) l 20 byte
TOTAL LENGTH = 0000 0101 1000 0010 = 1410
=> Chiu di phn d liu (payload) = Total Length Hlen = 1410 20 =1390 byte
PROTOCOL = 0000 0110 = 6 . Suy ra gi IP cha n v d liu ca giao thc vn chuyn TCP
SOURCE IP = 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 1010 0000 0101
1100 0000. 1010 1000. 0000 1010. 0000 0101
192.
168.
10.
5
=> a ch IP my gi: 192.168.10.5
DEST IP = 1100 1011 1010 0010 0000 0100 1011 1111
1100 1011. 1010 0010. 0000 0100. 1011 1111
203.
162.
4.
191
=> a ch IP my nhn: 203.162.4.191
FLAGS = 0000 = 0
=> y l gi IP y
TTL = 0010 1111 = 47
Gi tr TTL khi to ban u l 64, m gi tr TTL cn li l 47
=> S router m gi IP ny i qua l 64 47 = 17

Nguyn Thin Thnh CN206A3