1

Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh

Tnh ton a chn dy dn n cho nh mt vc cn tht v quan trng, th nhat van e
an tan cho ngu v t sn, th ha tt km uoc vc ph tho ra m a kh thay khng ph
hop.
Hung dn ny trnh by mt cch ngan gn ve van e ny, ng hu gp cho ngu dng t tn v
d dng hon trong vc a chn dy dn n cho nh . Trong hung dn ny, cau trc v tn g
cua cc oa dy ap at trong nh (xem 3.3) uoc tham kho theo tu chun TCVN 2103; cc oa
cp ngo tr v cp n k (xem 3.1 v 3.2) uoc tham kho theo tu chun cua ngnh n c
cng nhu cc nh sn xuat cp uy tn Vt nam hn nay.
Hung dn gom cc e muc nhu sau:
- Cc nguon n su dung cho nh
- Mt so cch dy v oa dy tuong ng, thng dung
- Cc oa dy dn thch hop cho nh
- Cng suat ch}u t cua cc oa dy cp n thung su dung cho nh
- Cch tnh ton v a chn dy dn
- Cc uu cho h thong n nh
- Nhng tc ha kh dng dy & cp n km chat uong
- Nhng knh nghm a chn dy n cho nh
1. Cc ngun in s dng cho nh
1.1 Ngun in 1pha 2dy (thng dng nht)
Nguon 1pha 2dy gom c 1 dy pha v 1 dy trung tnh (cn uoc g 1 dy nng v 1 dy
ngu). y nguon n cho nh thng dung nhat ta Vt Nam hn nay.
1.2 Ngun in 1pha 3dy
Nguon n 1pha 3dy gom c 1 dy pha 1 dy trung tnh v 1 dy no at (cn uoc g 1 dy
nng, 1 dy ngu v 1 dy bo v). O Vt Nam hn nay nguon n ny bat u p dung cc
ta nh cao tng, bt th, budng, khch san, cc no c su dung cc my mc tht b} quan trng
hoac cc nh cao cap hon.
1.3 Ngun in 3pha 4dy (t gp)
Nguon n 3pha 4dy gom c 3 dy pha v 1 dy trung tnh (cn uoc g 3 dy nng, 1 dy
ngu). O Vt Nam hn nay nguon n ny t gap trong nh , tr kh chu nh c }nh su dung
tht b} n 3pha.
1.4 Ngun in 3pha 5dy (rt t gp)
Nguon n 3pha 5dy" gom c 3 dy pha 1 dy trung tnh v 1 dy no at bo v (cn uoc g
3 dy nng, 1 dy ngu v 1 dy bo v). O Vt Nam hn nay nguon n ny rat t gap trong
nh , tr kh chu nh c }nh su dung tht b} n 3pha v c yu cu thm ve dy bo v.
2. Mt s cch i dy v loi dy t!ng "ng# th$ng dng
2.1 i dy ni! Dy & cp n uoc uon trong cc ong nha hoac nep nha v uoc co }nh trn
tung, trn nh. So uong dy trong ong cn xem xt sao cho ng qu cht e c the rt dy, uon
dy kh cn tht sua cha thay th. Cc oa dy nhu VCm, VCmd, VC thch hop cho cch dy
no.
2.2 i dy " t#$ng% " tr&n% " '(n!
Dy & cp n uoc uon trong cc ong nha (ong tron kh thng, ong rut g kh chuyen
hung) at m trong tung, trn hoac sn nh. So uong dy trong ong cn xem xt sao cho ng
qu cht e c the rt dy, uon dy kh cn tht sua cha thay th. Cc oa dy n nhu VC, CV,
CVV thch hop cho cch dy m.
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
2
2.3 i dy ng&"!
o v cc cng trnh ngoa v, khng dnh en v nh, dy & cp n uoc uon trong cc ong
nha cng hoac ong thp ch}u c, khng tham nuc v chn ngm du at su khoang
0,7mt. Cc oa cp c o gp thp hoac uoc bc km oa th c the chn trc tp trong at m
khng cn uon trong ong. Cn tht ph chn cc oa dy / cp c kh nang chong tham nuc,
chong cn trng cho ung dy ngm.
%. Cc loi dy d&n th'ch h() cho nh
Theo thng cua ngnh n c cng nhu thc t hn nay Vt Nam, hung dn ny chn
nguon n "1 pha 2 dy" e trnh by cho muc ch nh . Hung dn ny cha h thong dy cho
nh ra m 3 phn v tuong ng v m phn hung dn ny ua ra cc e ngh} ve cc oa dy
dn c the uoc dng nhu sau:
3.1 )*n dy ng)(i #$ng +() &u nh( ()*n dy ng)(i tr$i)
oan dy ny dy no t u n }a phuong vo n nh, thng thung oan dy ny nm
han tan ngo tr (ngoa tr mt so rat t nh su dung cp ngm th oan dy ny uoc chn
du at). oan dy ngo tr ny uoc e ngh} su dung mt trong cc oa dy/cp sau y:
Cp Duplex rut ng, cch in PVC (Duplex Du-CV)
Cp Dupex Du-CV c 2 rut dn bng ong, rut dn 1 so ong ac hoac 7 so ong uoc xoan
a v nhau, m rut dn uoc bc cch n PVC sau xoan v nhau. Cap n p cua cp
450/750V hoac 0,6/1kV.
Cp Duplex rut ng, cch in XLPE (Duplex Du-CX)
Cp Dupex Du-CX c 2 rut dn bng ong, rut dn 1 so ong ac hoac 7 so ong uoc xoan
a v nhau, m rut dn uoc bc cch n XLPE mu en sau xoan v nhau, mt trong ha
c gn no e phn bt pha. Cap n p cua cp 0,6/1kV.
3.2 )*n dy t, &u nh( +() in -. ()*n /0p in -.)
oan dy ny dy no t u cuo oan dy ngo tr (uoc n muc 3.1) n n k (ong ho
o n nang tu thu). Thng thung oan dy ny nm mt nua dc theo tung, mt nua trong
nh (v thng thung n k uoc at trong nh). oan dy ny uoc e ngh} su dung mt trong
cc oa dy/cp sau y:
Cp in k rut ng, cch in PVC (!-CVV)
Cp n k rut ong cch n PVC cn g cp Muer rut ong cch n PVC, cp c 2 hoac
nheu hon 2 rut dn, rut dn 1 so ong ac hoac 7 so uoc xoan a v nhau, m rut dn
uoc bc cch n bng vt u PVC, mt p bc t PVC, mt p bang nhm (e chong trm
n) v p vo bc PVC bo v bn ngo, cap n p cua cp 450/750V hoac 0,6/1kV.
Cp in k rut ng, cch in XLPE (!-CXV)
Cp n k rut ong cch n XLPE cn g cp Muer rut ong cch n XLPE, cp c 2
hoac nheu hon 2 rut dn, rut dn 1 so ong ac hoac 7 so uoc xoan a v nhau, m rut
dn uoc bc cch n bng vt u XLPE mu trang-trong (mu t nhn), mt trong ha c
bang mu hoac sc mu e phn bt pha, mt p bc t PVC, mt p bang nhm (e chong
trm n) v p vo bc PVC bo v bn ngo, cap n p cua cp 0,6/1kV.
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
3
3.3 1y d2n t, in -. .n /0/ thi.t 34 ti5u th in (dy d2n tr)ng nh()
O Vt Nam, hu nhu 2 oan dy e cp muc 3.1 v 3.2 eu do ngnh n c t a chn v
ap at nu chu nh khng c yu cu g rng. Cn cc dy dn t n k n cc tht b} tu thu
n, hu ht do chu nh t quyt }nh o u, y cng vc m hung dn ny cho chu
nh cn tht ph quan tm. Cc dy dn ny uoc e ngh} su dung mt trong cc oa sau y.
3.3.1 1y 6n /7ng (89)
Dy on cng (VC) dy c rut dn 1 so ong, bc cch n PVC. Cap n p cua dy
600V.
Ngo ra, cn c Dy on cng khng ch (LF-VC), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m trung bng
cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC), ph hop quy }nh RoHS (Restrcton of Hazardous
Substances) cua chu Au.
3.3.2 1y 6n ":" (89")
Dy on mem (VCm) dy c rut dn gom nheu so ong uoc xoan v nhau, bc cch n
bng vt u PVC. Cap n p cua dy 250V.
Ngo ra, cn c Dy on mem khng ch (LF-VCm), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m trung
bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).
3.3.3 1y i ":" d;t (89"d)
Dy mem det (VCmd) dy c 2 rut dn, m rut dn gom nheu so ong xoan a v nhau,
2 rut dn ny uoc bc cch n PVC v phn cch n cua 2 rut dn dnh v nhau tao ra mt
dy det c 2 rut dn cch n song song v nhau. Cap n p cua dy 250V.
Ngo ra, cn c Dy mem det khng ch (LF-VCmd), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m trung
bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).
3.3.4 1y i ":" <)=n (89"<)
Dy mem xoan (VCmx) dy uoc xoan a t 2 dy on mem (VCm) rng bt. Cap n p
cua dy 250V.
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
4
Ngo ra, cn c Dy mem xoan khng ch (LF-VCmx), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m
trung bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).
3.3.5 1y i ":" tr>n (89"t)
Dy mem xoan trn (VCmt) dy gom 2 dy on mem (VCm) rng bt uoc xoan a hoac at
song song ro bc bn ngo mt p vo bo v bng PVC. Dy ny cng uoc g cp CVVm. Cap
n p cua dy 250V.
Ngo ra, cn c Dy mem trn khng ch (LF-VCmt), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m
trung bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).
3.3.? 1y i ":" +an (89"))
Dy mem van (VCmo) dy gom 2 dy on mem (VCm) rng bt uoc xoan a hoac at
song song ro bc bn ngo mt p vo bo v bng PVC. Dy ny cng uoc g cp CVVm
van. Cap n p cua dy 250V.
Ngo ra, cn c Dy mem van khng ch (LF-VCmo), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m
trung bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).
3.3.@ 1y 6n /7ng% ruAt nh" (8B)
Dy on cng, rut nhm (VA) dy c rut dn 1 so nhm, bc cch n PVC. Cap n p
cua dy 600V.
Ngo ra, cn c Dy on cng rut nhm khng ch (LF-VA), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m
trung bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).
3.3.C 1y in DE/ ruAt ng% /0/h in F89 (98)
Dy n c rut ong, cch n PVC (CV) dy c rut dn gom 7 (hoac 19) so ong xoan ong
tm, bc mt p cch n PVC. Cap n p cua dy 450/750V hoac 0,6/1kV.
Ngo ra, cn c Dy n c rut ong, cch n PVC khng ch (LF-CV), khng tc ha cho con
ngu v m trung bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-PVC).
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
5
3.3.G 90p in DE/ ruAt ng% /0/h in F89% +H 3I) + F89 (988)
Cp n c rut ong, cch n PVC, vo bo v PVC (CVV) cp c 1 hoac nheu cp, m
cp c rut dn gom 7 (hoac 19) so ong xoan ong tm v bc mt p cch n PVC. Cp CVV
c mt p vo bo v PVC bn ngo. Cap n p cua cp 450/750V hoac 0,6/1kV.
Ngo ra, cn c Cp n c rut ong, cch n PVC khng ch, vo bo v PVC khng ch (LF-
CVV), khng tc ha cho con ngu v m trung bng cch su dung vt u PVC khng ch (LF-
PVC) cho cch n v vo bc.
*. C$ng su+t ch,u t-i c./ cc loi dy c) in th0ng s dng cho nh
M c dy/ cp (tt dn rut dn) v m oa dy/cp c mc ch}u t khc nhau. o v muc
ch nh , hung dn ny ua ra cc bng m t cng suat ch}u t cua cc oa dy/cp nhu du
y. Cng suat ch}u t nu trong cc bng ny ph hop v nht m trung n 40 C v
cng xem xt n van e sut p nhm m bo chat uong n snh hoat cho nh .
Bng 1: Cng sut chu ti ca cp Duplex Du-CV, Duplex Du-CX
Ji.t din ruAt
d2n
9ng 'ut /h4u
tIi
9hi:u d(i
#$ng dy
Ji.t din ruAt
d2n
9ng 'ut /h4u
tIi
9hi:u d(i
#$ng dy
3 mm
2
5,5 kW 30 m 10 mm
2
12,1 kW 45 m
4 mm
2
6,8 kW 30 m 11 mm
2
12,9 kW 45 m
5 mm
2
7,8 kW 35 m 14 mm
2
15,0 kW 50 m
5.5 mm
2
8,3 kW 35 m 16 mm
2
16,2 kW 50 m
6 mm
2
8,7 kW 35 m 22 mm
2
20,0 kW 60 m
7 mm
2
9,5 kW 40 m 25 mm
2
21,2 kW 60 m
8 mm
2
10,6 kW 40 m 35 mm
2
26,2 kW 70 m
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
6
Chiu di ng dy ngh s dng bng ny c tnh tan theo st ! "h#ng $u
%& iu "i'n (y ti)
o v nguon 1pha 2dy, 220V, sau kh chn uoc tt dn rut dn ph hop v cng suat nhung
chua ph hop v cheu d ung dy mong muon th ch vc tang tt dn n mt cap (v du
tang t 3mm2 n 4mm2) v kem tra a theo cng thc du y (0,187 x P x L / S <= 11), nu
thoa mn th tt dn dy va tang n ph hop, nu chua thoa mn th tang tt dn rut
dn n mt cap na v kem tra a nhu trn cho n kh thoa mn.
Cng thc tnh mua dy dn din
Trong P = Cng sut tnh tan chn dy, k
L = Ch!"u d#! $%ng dy &ong &u'n, &
S = T!(t d!)n ru*t d+n c,a dy, mm
2
Cng !u"t thi#t $% in trong nh
Bng 2: Cng sut chu ti ca cp in !" #-CVV, #-CXV
Ji.t din
ruAt d2n
9ng 'ut /h4u tIi
Ji.t din
ruAt d2n
9ng 'ut /h4u tIi
90/h in
F89(KL988)
90/h in
MNFO(KL9M8)
90/h in
F89(KL988)
90/h in
MNFO(KL9M8)
3 mm
2
6,4 kW 8,2 kW 10 mm
2
13,4 kW 17,0 kW
4 mm
2
7,6 kW 9,8 kW 11 mm
2
14,2 kW 18,1 kW
5 mm
2
8,8 kW 11,2 kW 14 mm
2
16,6 kW 20,7 kW
5,5 mm
2
9,4 kW 11,9 kW 16 mm
2
17,8 kW 22,0 kW
6 mm
2
9,8 kW 12,4 kW 22 mm
2
22,0 kW 27,2 kW
7 mm
2
10,8 kW 13,8 kW 25 mm
2
23,6 kW 29,2 kW
8 mm
2
11,8 kW 15,0 kW 35 mm
2
29,0 kW 36,0 kW
*h#ng thng chiu di s dng C! i'n "+ "h ng,n n-n "h#ng c(n $uan t. +n st
!)
Bng $: Cng sut chu ti ca %&' VC, CV, CVV
Ji.t din ruAt d2n 9ng 'ut /h4u tIi Ji.t din ruAt d2n 9ng 'ut /h4u tIi
0,5 mm
2
0,8 kW 3 mm
2
5,6 kW
0,75 mm
2
1,3 kW 4 mm
2
7,3 kW
1,0 mm
2
1,8 kW 5 mm
2
8,7 kW
1,25 mm
2
2,1 kW 6 mm
2
10,3 kW
1,5 mm
2
2,6 kW 7 mm
2
11,4 kW
2,0 mm
2
3,6 kW 8 mm
2
12,5 kW
2,5 mm
2
4,4 kW 10 mm
2
14,3 kW
C#ng su/t n-u t0ong bng t0-n !h1 h! cho chiu di dy +n 23.4 56i st ! "h#ng $u
%& iu "i'n (y ti
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
7
Bng (: Cng sut chu ti ca %&' )i *+* VC*, VC*%, VC*x, VC*t, VC*,
Ji.t din ruAt d2n 9ng 'ut /h4u tIi Ji.t din ruAt d2n 9ng 'ut /h4u tIi
0,5 mm
2
0,8 kW 2,5 mm
2
4,0 kW
0,75 mm
2
1,2 kW 3,5 mm
2
5,7 kW
1,0 mm
2
1,7 kW 4 mm
2
6,2 kW
1,25 mm
2
2,1 kW 5,5 mm
2
8,8 kW
1,5 mm
2
2,4 kW 6 mm
2
9,6 kW
2,0 mm
2
3,3 kW - -
Cng sut n-u trong ./ng tr-n 0h1 h20 cho ch!"u d#! dy (n 34&, 56! * s7t 80 khng 9u8 :; <
!"u k!)n =y t/!
Bng -: Cng sut chu ti ca %&' V.
Ji.t din ruAt d2n 9ng 'ut /h4u tIi Ji.t din ruAt d2n 9ng 'ut /h4u tIi
1,0 mm
2
1,0 kW 5 mm
2
5,5 kW
1,5 mm
2
1,5 kW 6 mm
2
6,2 kW
2,0 mm
2
2,1 kW 7 mm
2
7,3 kW
2,5 mm
2
2,6 kW 8 mm
2
8,5 kW
3 mm
2
3,4 kW 10 mm
2
11,4 kW
4 mm
2
4,2 kW 12 mm
2
13,2 kW
Cng sut n-u trong ./ng tr-n 0h1 h20 cho ch!"u d#! dy (n 34&, 56! * s7t 80 khng 9u8 :; <
!"u k!)n =y t/!
1. Cch t'nh ton v l2/ ch3n dy d&n
Tnh ton v a chn dy dn cn ph thc hn theo cc buc sau y.
L Xc }nh nguon n s dng
L Tnh tong cng suat tht b} tu thu n
L La chn dy dn cho tng phn cua nh , bao gom ba buc nho:
La chn an dy ngo tr
La chn an cp n k
La chn dy cho tng nhnh v dy n tng tht b} tu thu n.
5.1 M0/ 4nh ngun in 'P dQng
Can c vo tht b} n trong nh m ngu dng s dng tht b} 1 pha hay 3 pha, ong th
cng ph can c vo nguon cung cap cua n c }a phuong mnh c nhng oa nguon n
no. Hu ht nguon n dng cho nh hn nay Vt Nam nguon 1 pha 2dy.
uc ny thung b} phu thuc vo nguon cung cap tng }a phuong, nu ngu dng ch x tht
b} n 1 pha v nguon }a phuong cua n c ch c 2 dy (1 nng, 1 ngu) hoac 4 dy (3 nng,
1 ngu) th ch c nguon "1pha 2dy" (nhu nu muc 1.1) p dung uoc. Trong trung hop
ny vn c the chn nguon "1pha 3dy" (nhu nu muc 1.2) e dng, nhung ph tht k
thm h thong no at cho h thong n trong nh, pha sau ong ho o n.
5.2 Jnh tng /ng 'ut thi.t 34 ti5u th in
Tht b} tu thu n nhng tht b} hat ng bng nang uong n. Cc tht b} tu thu n
trong nh c the ke ra nhu: n n, quat n, no com n, bn u, tu anh, my gat, nung
v sng, my eu ha nht , my bom nuc Trn m tht b} tu thu n, hu ht eu c gh
tr} so cng suat, c on v} W (Woat) hoac kW (-Woat) hoac HP (Horse Poer- Sc nga). Mt
cch gn ng, c the xem tat c cc tr} so cng suat gh trn cc tht b} cng suat tu thu
n. Tnh tong cng suat tht b} tu thu n t k v cng a tat c tr} so cng suat cua cc
tht b} tu thu n trong nh nhm xc }nh cng suat tu thu n tong cua c ng nh.
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
8
h gap cc on v} cng suat khc nhau th quy o sang cng mt on v} nhu sau:
1kW = 1.000W
1HP = 750W
5.3 NEa /hRn dy d2n /h) t,ng ph&n /Sa nh( T
y buc cuo cng tm ra cc c dy cn ph dng. Ty theo cng suat ch}u t cua tng nhnh
trong so o n, ngu dng c the chn nheu oa dy, c dy khc nhau.
45' d6 7'nh ton l2/ ch3n dy d&n cho 8t nh c th9.
" #$i%
Cn tnh tan chn a dy dn cho h thong n cua mt ng nh 1 trt 1 u, dy m tung,
khoang cch t nh n u n }a phuong 30m, tat c tht b} n trong nh su dung n
1pha 220V, v c cng suat uoc nu trong bng sau.
J&ng trt J&ng D&u
J5n thi.t 34U 9ng
'ut
VW
D#Xng
Jng /ng 'ut J5n thi.t 34U 9ng
'ut
VW
D#Xng
Jng /ng 'ut
ng n hynh
quang 1,2m/ 40W
8 40 x 8 = 320W ng n hynh
quang 1,2m/ 40W
5 40 x5 = 200W
n trang tr/ 20W 5 20 x 5 = 100W n trang tr/ 20W 3 20 x 3 = 60W
uat n/ 100W 4 100 x 4 = 400W uat n/ 100W 3 100 x 3 = 300W
No com n/ 600W 1 600 x 1 = 600W My eu ha/ 1,5HP 1 1,5 x 750 x 1 =
1125W
Tv/ 150W 1 150 x 1 = 150W Tv/ 150W 1 150 x 1 = 150W
u my amp/
150W
150 x 1 = 150W my v tnh/ 500W 1 500 x 1 = 500W
L nung v sng/
1000W
1 1000 x 1 =
1000W
My say tc/ 1000W 1 1000 x 1 =
1000W
n u/ 1000W 1 1000 x 1 =
1000W
- - -
My eu ha/ 1,5HP 2 1,5 x 750 x 2 =
2250W
- - -
My gat 7kg/ 750W 1 750 x 2 = 1500W - - -
M-to bom nuc/
750W
1 750 x 1 = 750W - - -
B/i gii:
&'(c )% Xc *nh l+,i ngun in -. /0ng% V tat c tht b} n trong nh su dung n 1pha,
220V nn ta chn nguon n thng dung nhat nguon 1pha 2 dy.
&'(c 1% 23nh t4ng c5ng -u6t thit #* ti7u th8 in% Cng tat c cng suat cua cc tht b} cua
tng trt, tng u v cng suat tong cua c nh ta c so u sau.
Tong cng suat tng trt: 7.470W
Tong cng suat tng u: 3.335W
Tong cng suat c nh: 10.805W
B01c $: 23a ch4n %&' %5n ch, t6ng ph7n ca nh/ 8
9 23a ch4n )4an %&' ng,/i t:;i
oan dy ngo tr an dy dn n vo nh nn n ph ch}u uoc tong cng suat c nh
10.805W. Tuy nhn, hu nhu khng c th em no m tat c cc tht b} n trong nh hat
ng ong th cng mt c, cho nn ngu ta c the gm cng suat tnh tan xuong cn khong
80 cng suat tnh tan ro m chn a dy dn theo cng suat uoc gm. h gm xuong
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
9
80 nhu vy ngu ta c cch g khc chn h so ong th (kt) = 0,8. Trong v du ny hung
dn ny cng chn kt = 0,8 v cng suat sau kh gm :
P = 10.805 x 0,8 = 8644W = 8,644kW
oan dy ngo tr thng thung uoc su dung oa dy Dupex rut ong, cch n PVC (Du-
CV). Can c vo cng suat 8,644kW ta tra bng e tm c (tt dn rut dn) cp cho thch hop.
Tra bng 1 (cp Du-CV v Du-CX), chn g tr n hon gn nhat ta thay cp tt dn rut dn
6mm2 c cng suat ch}u t ph hop. Cheu d ap at cua cp c tt dn rut dn 6mm2 cho
trong bng 1 cng thoa mn v cheu d ap at m u b yu cu 30m, v vy ta c the chn
oan cp ngo tr cp Du-CV 26mm2 hoac Du-CX 26mm2
9 23a ch4n )4an cp )in !"
oan cp n k no t an dy ngo tr vo n nh nn n cng ph c cng suat ch}u t n
hon hoac bng 8,644kW. Tra bng 2 ta thay cp -CVV tt dn rut dn 5mm2 hoac cp -CXV
tt dn rut dn 4mm2 ph hop. oan cp n k thung kh ngan (< 10m) nn khng cn
quan tm n n p ro theo cheu d. Nhu vy, ngu dng c the su dung -CVV 2 x 5mm2
hoac -CXV 2 x 4mm2.
9 23a ch4n %&' ch, t6ng nhnh </ %&' %5n )"n t6ng thi"t = )in
Ng nh c tng trt v 1 tng u, ha tng c cng suat tu thu khc nhau nheu, do e tt
km ngu dng c the phn m 2 nhnh. ung dy cho 2 nhnh ny ngu dng nn chn oa
dy on cng (VC).
9hnh ) ch+ t:ng trt%
Tng trt c cng suat tong 7.470W = 7,47kW. Tuong t nhu e cp trn, hu nhu cc tht
b} khng hat ng ong th nn c the chn h so ong th kt = 0,8, c cng suat e chn
dy dn 7,47 x 0,8 = 5,976kW. Tra bng 3 ta thay dy VC tt dn rut dn 4mm2 ph hop,
nhu vy ngu dng c the chn dy VC 4mm2 cho nhnh 1 (tng trt).
9hnh 1 ch+ t:ng l:u%
Tng u c cng suat tong 3.335W = 3,335kW. Tuong t nhu e cp trn, hu nhu cc
tht b} khng hat ng ong th nn c the chn h so ong th kt = 0,8, c cng suat e
chn dy dn 3,335 x 0,8 = 2,668kW. Tra bng 3 ta thay dy VC tt dn rut dn 2mm2 ph
hop, nhu vy ngu dng c the chn dy VC 2mm2 cho nhnh 2 (tng u).
D;< ch+ t=ng thit #*%
Theo thuyt th m tht b} c cng suat khc nhau s cn mt c dy khc nhau. Vc chn
tng c dy rng cho tng tht b} nhu vy c uu em tt km uoc ch ph dy dn, nhung a
rat phc tap cho vc mua dy cng nhu dy, s phc tap ny nheu kh cng rat ton km. V
vy, kh trong nh khng c tht b} no c cng suat n c bt th ngu dng c the chn mt c
dy v dng chung cho tat c cc tht b}.
Cng suat su dung cc o cam thung khng co }nh, khng bt truc chac chan, v kh c ha
hay nheu tht b} su dung chung mt o cam, do , e bm bo, ngu dng nn chn dy cho o
cam hon mt cap so v c dy d }nh dng chung cho tat c cc tht b}.
Ty theo cch ap at, ngu dng c the chn oa dy on cng hoac dy mem, ng nh
trong v du ny c yu cu dy m tung nn ta chn dy on VC cho tat c cc tht b}. Nhn
vo bng cng suat ta thay cng suat cua my eu ha nht 1,5HP (1,125kW) n nhat, tra
bng 3 ta thay cp VC tt dn rut dn 0,75mm2 ph hop, tuy nhn cn chn dy cho o cam
hon mt cap cho nn ngu dng c the chn dy VC 1,0mm2 cho tat c cc tht b} v o cam.
T& >?!@ Cc oa dy, c dy uoc tnh ton a chn cho ng nh trn nhu sau:
- oan dy ngo tr: cp Dupex Du-CV 26mm2 hoac Dupex Du-CX 26mm2
- oan cp n k: cp -CVV 2 x 5mm2 hoac -CXV 2 x 4mm2
- Dy cho nhnh tng trt: dy VC 4mm2
- Dy cho nhnh tng u: dy VC 2mm2
- Dy cho cc tht b} n v o cam: dy VC 1,0mm2
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
10
Ah! chB@ Cg$%! d1ng c th >Da chn >E0 Ft c8c >o?! dy G c80 khng chH 56! t!(t d!)n ru*t d+n
g!'ng nh$ I >Da chn < tr-nJ
:. Cc lu ; cho h thng in nh
- Nn cha ung n phn pho trong nh thnh nheu nhnh e thun tn cho vc ngat n
kh cn sua cha, thay th.
- Cc dy pha (dy nng) c cng mu v tot nhat mu o, mu cam hoac mu vng. h c
nheu nhnh chung mt tuyn m kch c gong nhau th mu cua tng nhnh nn khc nhau e
d phn bt.
- Dy cho h thong no at nn c mu rng bt v tat c cc dy khc v nn chn dy mu
xanh- sc- vng hoac vng- sc- xanh.
- h uon dy trong ong hoac trong nep, ph chn kch thuc ong, nep u rng sao cho d uon, d
rt m khng hu ha n dy dn.
- hng nn dy no m thap hoac qu gn cc nguon nht, ha chat.
- Mo no dy ph chat, tp xc tot e khng gy ra m-ve nac ua kh mang t.
- hng uoc no trc tp rut dn ong v nhm v nhau.
- oan dy trong ong khng nn c mo no.
- hng nn dy m trong nen cua tng trt nu nen khng m bo co }nh v tung kh nen
b} n.
- hng nn su dung dy c tt dn nho hon 0.5mm2.
<. =h>ng tc hi ?hi d@ng dy A c) in ?B8 ch+t l(ng
#hi :u>t )?ng !@* cht l0Ang h,Bc !hng ) ti"t %in cC thD g&' :a cc tc hEi sau
- Dn n km, gy sut p trn ung dy m cho tht b} hat ng khng hu qu, tuo th
tht b} gm nhanh.
- Pht nng qu mc trn ung dy, gy hu ha p cch n, gy cham chp chy no.
- Rut ong km chat uong rat d gy, kh no, kh ap vo cc phu kn n khc.
#hi l1p cch )in !@* cht l0Ang cC thD g&' :a cc tc hEi sau
- Nt cch n, h rut dn, gy n gt cho ngu.
- Ran nt cch n sau mt th gan ngan, gy r n, ton that n nang, cham chp chy no.
- hng ch}u uoc nht cho php cua rut dn, chy nho gy ra cham chp chy no.
- hng t tat kh b} pht chy b tc nhn bn ngo.
- Mat mu sau mt th gan ngan, gy nhm n cc dy v nhau kh sua cha, thay th.
C. =h>ng ?inh nghi8 l2/ ch3n dy din cho nh
Nhng knh nghm uoc nu y chu yu hung t cc oa dy dng trong nh (nhu muc 3.1
e cp).
V rat nheu cc oa dy n trn th} trung hn nay, tot c, xau c, tht c, g c, thm ch c
kh gap dy chng c nhn mc, tn nh sn xuat g c. V vy, mt ngu khng chuyn th vc
a chn dy no, nhn hu no m c the tn cy uoc mt vc khng d dng g. ng mt
v knh nghm cua ngu bn soan, hung dn ny ua ra mt so khuyn ngh} v nhng ch dau
e hy vng rng ngu dng c the trnh uoc cc sn phm dy/ cp n km chat uong.
- hng nn chn dy khng c nhn mc trn bao b, khng c tn nh sn xuat, khng }a ch r
rng.
- hng nn chn dy m trn dy khng c cc thng tn co bn nhu: nhn hu, tn oa dy, tt
dn, cau trc rut dn (so so v ung knh m so), tu chun sn xuat.
- Dy tot thung c be ngo cua vo nha bng, ng.
- Lp nha cch n cua dy tot rat do, kh tuot ra kho rut dn, c the ko gn gap , gap ba
cheu d ban u m chua b} t. Dy c the b gp nheu n hoac xoan gt nhung be mat cch
n khng b} rang nt.
- C the kem tra rut dn, bng cch m so so nho bn trong so v so so uoc gh bn ngo.
ung knh cua cc so nho bn trong rat kh kem tra, v ph c thuc chuyn dng m o uoc.
Tuy nhn, v mt thuong hu uy tn, trn dy c gh cu the cau trc rut dn (so so v ung
knh m so) th c the tn tung uoc.
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh
11
- Dy tot th c rut dn sng, bng, nu dy ong th rut dn rat mem do. o v dy rut
dn ong c nheu so nho th c the dng ha ngn tay xoan rut dn d dng m cc so nho
khng bung, khng gy, khng m vo tay. o v dy rut dn c mt so th c the b gp rut
ong n v chuc n m khng gy.
- Thng thung, dy tot c g cao hon dy dom v cng c oa.
no!thatdonghanJc
Hng dn la chn dy in trong xy dng nh