PHN I I: PHN TCH S KHI IN THOI DI NG Ni dung: S khi ca in thoi di ng, Nguyn l hot ng, Cc linh kin t ong

ng in thoi di ng !
1. S ! "#$i %&' i(n )#*+i di ng

,. Ngu-.n /0 #*+) ng

"in thoi di ng c# $ khi ch%nh # l& ' (hi ngun ' (hi i)u khi*n ' (hi +hu , -ht t%n hiu

,.1 K#$i ngu!n

12C#3% n4ng , "i)u khi*n t.t /0 ngun , Chia ngun th&nh nhi)u /1c ngun khc nhau , 2n 3nh ngun cung c45 cho cc t6i tiu th7 "in 5 5.61T c45 ngun t 8c ti95 :&o ;a IC # l& IC ngun, IC c<ng =u4t 5ht :& IC dung chu<ng l>d! (hi ta ;?t c<ng t.c ngun @A tc ng :&o IC ngun Bua chCn -DE,FN @A G0 a cc in 5 kh0i ng c45 cho khi i)u khi*n ;ao g/ : H 5K1 I in 5 kh0i ng J K L,MN c45 cho C-O H 5K, , J,MN c45 cho C-O, G>/o y :& IC /P C/ tQn H 5K7 , L,MN c45 cho /ch dao ng LRGST Sau khi UVc c45 ngun, khi :i WX l hot ng, C-O =Y t ao Zi d[ liu :\i G>/o y * l4y a 5hQn /)/ i)u khi*n cc hot ng ca /y, t ong # c# cc lnh Buay li i)u khi*n khi ngun * /0 a cc in 5 c45 cho khi thu 5ht t%n hiu g]i l& cc in 5 i)u khi*n ;ao g/ : H 5K1 Iin 5 i)u khi*n JK C45 cho ; dao ng ni NCF H 5K, C45 cho /ch cao tQn 0 ch9 thu H 5K7 C45 cho /ch cao tQn 0 ch9 5ht 62i8u "#i9n n+: ;< =ung2 ^_ng in t` ; Wc i :&o IC n5 :& UVc C-O i)u khi*n th<ng Bua lnh CSa,bN * n5 :&o -in, khi -in Qy th<ng Bua chCn ;o -in cSI Ua :) C-O /& C-O ;i9t :& ng.t d_ng n5 !

C2S> #*+) ng %&' "#$i ngu!n ?@% Ain# #*+ n#? B'u

cU\cJ : d.5 -in :&o /y , /y UVc c45 ngun N!ca+ , cU\c L : c?t c<ng t.c FN,Fee , chCn -DE,FN chuy*n t` /1c cao Wung /1c th45 ! , cU\c $ : IC ngun hot ng :& cho a cc in 5 N(" cung c45 cho khi i)u khi*n ;ao g/ dao ng J$GST, C-O :& G>/o y , cU\c f : (hi i)u khi*n hot ng :& t uy c?5 :&o ; nh\ G>/o y * l4y a chUng t gnh i)u khi*n /y ! , cU\c h : C-O Ua a cc lnh Buay li IC ngun * i)u khi*n /0 a cc in 5 cung c45 cho khi thu 5ht =#ng hot ng D2NHIC 5D CE1 KHI NGFN ' C45 ngun N!ca+ INgun -inK cho $ IC in d_ng l\n l& IC khu9ch i H

IC ^ung,Chu<ng,d>d!

Cc IC in d_ng l\n UVc c45 t 8c ti95 ngun -in I N!ca+ K, khi ta l.5 -in :&o /y, ngun H -in l?5 t1c i 9n c45 ngun cho cc IC: (" c<ng =u4t 5ht, IC Ngun, IC ^ung,Chu<ng,d>d, tuy nhin ;an Qu chUa ;?t ngun, cc IC n&y 0 t ng thi chUa hot ng nn chjng in d_ng 4t nhk I :&i /a K
,.,K#$i i8u "#i9n

12 CPF. I C>nt> - oc>==o Onit , "n :3 WX l t ung tC/ K! C-O th8c hin cc ch1c ning , "i)u khi*n t.t /0 ngun ch%nh, chuy*n ngun gi[a ch9 thu :& 5ht , "i)u khi*n ng ; =8 hot ng gi[a cc IC , "i)u khi*n khi thu 5ht =#ng ! , lu6n l cc chUng t gnh t ong ; nh\ , "i)u khi*n t uy c?5 SIG Ca d , "i)u khi*n /&n hgnh dC^ , mX l /P Bunt t` ;&n 5h%/ , "i)u khi*n =8 hot ng ca Ca/> a , "Ua a t%n hiu dung chu<ng :& chi9u =ng on d>d !

62 CGA*H- I c nh\ K ;ao g</: - ROM :I E>ad Flly G>/o y K Cy l& ; nh\ chp ]c lUu cc chUng t gnh Bu6n l thi9t ;3, Bu6n l cc IC, Bu6n l = IGbI, ni dung t ong EFG do nh& =6n Wu4t n5 :&o t U\c khi in thoi UVc Wu4t WU0ng ! - SDRAM :I Syncho ^yna/ic Eado/ acc>== G>/o y K Ea/ ng , l& ; nh\ lUu t/ cc chUng t gnh 5h7c :7 t 8c ti95 cho Bu t gnh WX l ca C-O! - FLASH :Cy l& ; nh\ c# tc t uy c?5 nhanh :& c# dung lUVng kh l\n dqng * n5 cc chUng t gnh 5hQn /)/ nhU h i)u h&nh :& cc chUng t gnh 1ng d7ng t n in thoi , khi hot ng C-O =Y t uy c?5 :&o edaSS * l4y a 5hQn /)/ i)u khi*n /y hot ng! , G>/o y Ca d : +hr nh\ dqng cho cc in thoi si cao * lUu cc chUng t gnh 1ng d7ng , t?5 tin 6nh, :id>o, ca nhc !!! C2NHIC 5D CE1 KHI IIF KHIJN ' C45 ngun kh0i ng cho khi i)u khi*n hot ng!

Ngun kh0i ng c45 cho khi i)u khi*n l& ngun Wu4t hin =au khi ta ;?t c<ng t.c FN, Fee I C<ng t.c t.t /0 /y K ngun kh0i ng l& ngun gin ti95 i a t` IC ngun ;ao g/ :

, N("J : "in 5 kh0i ng J @A C45 cho ; dao ng LRGST hotc J$GST * to Wung Clock cho C-O ! , N("L : "in 5 kh0i ng L @A C45 ngun cho IC Ni WX l IC-OK , N("$ : "in 5 kh0i ng $ @A C45 ngun cho C-O :& G>/o y (hi UVc c45 ngun, khi i)u khi*n hot ng, C-O =Y t uy c?5 :&o ; nh\ edaSS * l4y a 5hQn /)/ i)u khi*n /]i =8 hot ng ca /y nhU , "Ua a lnh duy t g cc in 5 kh0i ng ! , Cho 5hn5 /&n hgnh hi*n th3 , "i)u khi*n c45 ngun cho khi thu 5ht =#ng , (i*/ t a d[ liu t n SIG Ca d Ng :?y n9u C-O hkng hay ; nh\ edaSS hkng hotc /4t dao ng J$GST thg khi i)u khi*n =Y kh<ng hot ng :& kh<ng Ua a UVc cc lnh t n @A k9t Bu6 l& /y kh<ng /0 UVc ngun ! + Usng hV5 C-O :& edaSS kh<ng hkng nhUng lui 5hQn /)/ thg /y c# th* /4t =#ng hotc kh<ng Ua a UVc giao din t n /&n hgnh !
,.7 K#$i )#u :#K) )Ln #i(u

(hi thu 5ht t%n hiu ;ao g/ , Em l& knh thu , +m l& knh 5ht t%n hiu 12K.n# )#u (nh thu c# hai Usng =ong =ong dqng cho L ;ing =#ng , cing vSG wxxGST c# tQn = thu t` w$hGST 9n wRxGST

, cing ^CSJMxxGST c# tQn = thu t` JMxhGST 9n JMMxGST y :it na/ chp =X d7ng ;ing vSG wxxGST :g :?y tg/ hi*u :& =Xa ch[a in thoi ta chp Buan tC/ 9n ;ing =#ng n&y, ;ing ^CS JMxxGST 0 nU\c ngo&i =X d7ng ! (hi thu ;ing vSG wxxGST , t%n hiu thu :&o ant>n i Bua Chuy*n /ch ant>n #ng :&o Usng vSGwxxGST @A "i Bua ; l]c thu * l]c ;k cc t%n hiu nhizu @A "i Bua ; khu9ch i nCng ;in t%n hiu @A "i Bua ; ghn5 hu c6/ * to a t%n hiu cCn ;{ng i :&o IC Cao t ung tQn ! Gch t ng tQn t n t%n hiu cao tQn :\i tQn = dao ng ni to a t` ; dao ng NCF @A to th&nh t%n hiu t ung tQn Ie @A Ua Bua /ch khu9ch i t ung tQn khu9ch i ln ;in l\n cung c45 cho /ch tch =#ng i)u 5ha! Gch tch =#ng l4y a L d[ liu thu EmI :& Eml AA +%n hiu EmI :& Eml UVc Ua =ang IC /P C/ tQn * WX l :& tch l&/ hai t%n hiu @A +%n hiu thoi UVc Ua 9n ; Zi ^ , a l4y a t%n hiu C/ tQn @A khu9ch i :& Ua a loa ! @A Cc t%n hiu khc UVc Ua Wung IC :i WX l th>o hai Usng I^a+ :& l^a+ * l4y a cc tin hiu ;o dung chu<ng, tin nh.n !! 62K.n# :#K) , +%n hiu thoi thu t` Gic o UVc Ua :&o IC /P C/ tQn! , Cc d[ liu khc I th<ng Bua giao ti95 ;&n 5h%/ K Ua :&o C-O WX l :& Ua ln IC /P C/ tQn th>o hai Usng I^a+ :& l^a+ , IC /P C/ tQn th8c hin /P ho , chuy*n Zi a , ^ :& WX l cho a f t%n hiu +mI-, +mIN, +ml-, +mlN Ua ln IC cao t ung tQn ! , IC cao t ung tQn =Y tZng hV5 cc t%n hiu li =au # i)u ch9 ln =#ng cao tQn 5ht ! , ^ao ng ni NCF cung c45 dao ng cao tQn cho /ch i)u ch9

, Gch i)u ch9 th>o nguyn l i)u ch9 5ha @A to a t%n hiu cao tQn t ong kho6ng tQn = t` MwxGST 9n wJhGST @A t%n hiu cao tQn UVc Ua Bua /ch ghn5 hu c6/ @A Ua Bua /ch l]c 5ht @A khu9ch i Bua tQng ti)n khu9ch i @A Ua 9n IC khu9ch i c<ng =u4t khu9ch i i Ua Bua ; c6/ 1ng 5ht @A Bua chuy*n /ch ant>n @A i a ant>n 5ht =#ng :) t / c+S ! , IC c<ng =u4t 5ht UVc i)u khi*n thay Zi c<ng =u4t 5ht th<ng Bua lnh a-C a t` IC cao t ung tQn ! , Gt 5hQn t%n hiu 5ht UVc l4y a t n ; c6/ 1ng 5ht @A hi ti95 :) IC cao t ung tQn Bua Usng ^b+ * gij5 /ch a-C t8 ng i)u chpnh c<ng =u4t 5ht ! a-C I auto -o|> Cont ol K C2NHIC 5D CE1 KHI THF PHMT ' C45 ngun cho khi thu 5ht =#ng hot ng!

"# l& cc in 5 i)u khi*n ;ao g/ , N"(J "in 5 i)u khi*n J , C45 cho /ch +hu =#ng , N"(L "in 5 i)u khi*n L , C45 cho /ch -ht =#ng , N"($ "in 5 i)u khi*n $ , C45 chung cho /ch +hu } -ht =#ng

(hi khi i)u khi*n hot ng :& 5hQn /)/ ;gnh thUsng, C-O =Y Ua a cc in 5 i)u khi*n Buay li IC Ngun * i)u khi*n /0 a cc in 5 i)u khi*n cung c45 cho khi thu 5ht =#ng ! N9u khi i)u khi*n chUa hot ng thg =Y kh<ng c# lnh Buay li i)u khi*n IC ngun /0 a cc in 5 t n !
7. CK% /in# "i(n )H.n i(n )#*+i di ng

IC 5i =N /0 2

IC ngu!n 2

IC SDO1C 6 n#P QR1SH

IC %'* )Hung )Sn IC "#uT%# +i %Ung BuV) :#K)

C#u-9n A+%# 1n)Gn 6 d'* ng ni 5CO

T#'n# 'n# d'* ng ,WCHX Y i(n )#*+i BN dZng ,[CHX\

C'AGH' ]u'- :#iA %#Z: ^n#

C#uUng

CU ) Hung

C_n #`n# RCD

CK: )Ln #i(u

II2TLn Hi(u 5_ CVu T+* Rin# Ki(n TH*ng i(n T#*+i Di ng

Ni dung2 c6n ch4t ca "in thoi di ng, c6n ch4t t%n hiu t ong in thoi di ng, c chuy*n Zi t%n hiu analog , ^igital, Gch i)u ch9 :& tch =#ng t ong IC cao t ung tQn, C4u to ca IC khu9ch i c<ng =u4t 5ht, C4u to ca chuy*n /ch ant>n!

1. 6^n %#V) %&' i(n )#*+i di ng

' "in thoi di ng ng&y nay l& =8 k9t hV5 ca nhi)u thi9t ;3 , Gt chi9c Eadio , Gt chi9c /y 5ht =#ng cao tQn , Gt /y :i t%nh , Gt Ca/> a k~ thu?t = @A +4t c6 UVc g#i g]n :& thu nhk t ong /t thi9t ;3 nhk W%u n{/ g]n t ong l_ng ;&n tay ! ' N9u ;n P hi*u UVc Eadio, n9u ;n P hi*u UVc Gy :i t%nh t1c l& ;n P ti9n gQn t\i chi9c in thoi di ng, :g :?y chjng t<i khuyn ;n * dz d&ng ti95 c?n chUng t gnh n&y ;n hPy kh/ 5h chi9c Eadio :& chi9c /y :i t%nh t U\c !
,. 6^n %#V) )Ln #i(u )H*ng i(n )#*+i di ng

Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng ' TLn #i(u aA )Sn "Cy l& t%n hiu C/ thanh =au khi Zi th&nh t%n hiu in, t%n hiu n&y c# tQn = t` LxST 9n Lx(ST, l& t%n hiu thu UVc =au Gic o hotc t%n hiu t n Usng a loa, t%n hiu C/ tQn l& t%n hiu analog! ' TLn #i(u B$ "Cy l& t%n hiu chp c# hai /1c in 5 kh<ng c# in , ;i*u dizn ;{ng = x :& c# in ;i*u dizn ;{ng = J , t%n hiu C/ tQn =au khi i Bua /ch chuy*n Zi a , ^ =Y cho a t%n hiu = I ^igital K! + ong in thoi t%n hiu = l& t%n hiu lin lc gi[a IC cao tQn :\i IC /P C/ tQn, ngo&i a t%n hiu = l& t%n hiu WX l ch%nh ca C-O :& ; nh\ G>/o y ! ' TLn #i(u %'* )Sn

+%n hiu = UVc i)u ch9 :&o =#ng cao tQn th>o 5hUng 5h5 i)u 5ha * to a t%n hiu cao tQn 5ht, t%n hiu cao tQn 5ht c# tQn = t` MwxGST 9n wJhGST! +%n hiu cao tQn 5ht I+mK i a t` =au /ch i)u ch9 t n IC cao t ung tQn, chjng UVc khu9ch i ting c<ng =u4t t U\c khi Ua a ant>n 5ht :) tZng &i th<ng Bua cc t / thu 5ht! 7. 6 %#u-9n <i 1bD c_ Db1 Ianalog @A^igital cn t ong IC /P C/ tQn: ' TLn #i(u )?ng )> , analog +%n hiu analog l& t%n hiu t ong t8 nhin =au khi Zi a t%n hiu in nhU t%n hiu C/ tQn, t%n hiu th3 tQn !!! t%n hiu tUng t8 c# dng hgnh =in !

Tn hiu Analog dng hnh sin ' TLn #i(u B$ , ^igital +%n hiu = kh<ng c# t ong t8 nhin /& Cy l& t%n hiu do con ngUsi to a, t%n hiu = chp c# hai t ng thi: , C# in ;i*u dizn ;{ng = J
, (h<ng c# in ;i*u dizn ;{ng = x

' <i )Ln #i(u 1n'/*g B'ng Digi)'/ Gch l4y /u :

' +%n hiu C/ tQn UVc l4y /u 0 tQn = kho6ng Jx(ST, t ung ;gnh t%n hiu thoi c# tQn = t` J(ST 9n L(ST :g :?y /ui chu k t%n hiu UVc l4y /u kho6ng h 9n Jx i*/! ' Cc i*/ l4y /u =Y o UVc cc gi t 3 t` nhk nh4t l& x 9n l\n nh4t l& Lhh /1c! N% d7 0 t n o UVc gi t 3 ti cc i*/ l&:

a @ Jhx c @ Lfx C @ LLh ^ @ Mx b @ hx e @ Jfx

Cc t%n hiu n&y =Y UVc Zi th&nh t%n hiu = Icn W>/ li cch Zi t ong chUng +Zng Buan chUng t gnh -hQn c1ng /y t%nhK!

a @ Jhx @ JxxJ xJJx c @ Lfx @ JJJJ xxxx C @ LLh @ JJJJ xJxJ ^ @ Mx @ xJxJ xxxx b @ hx @ xxJJ xxJx e @ Jfx @ Jxxx JJxx ' Gch in Zi t%n hiu analog @A ^igital

' Gch in Zi t%n hiu ^igital @A analog

d. C+%# i8u %#T c_ )K%# Beng ;.n )H*ng IC %'* b )Hung )Sn.

' C+%# i8u %#T %'* )Sn Sau khi Zi t` t%n hiu analog th&nh t%n hiu ^igital, k9t hV5 :\i cc t%n hiu i)u khi*n t` C-O =au # t%n hiu = UVc Ua :&o /ch i)u ch9 cao tQn! Gch i)u ch9 th>o 5hUng th1c i)u 5ha, ti thsi i*/ t%n hiu = Zi t ng thi @A =Y ;i9n iu l&/ cho t%n hiu cao tQn Zi 5ha JMxo!

iu ch theo ph !ng th"c iu pha ' i8u %#T )#_n# )Ln #i(u %'* )Sn :#K)

Gch i)u ch9 cao tQn th>o 5hUng th1c i)u 5ha n{/ t ong IC cao t ung tQn @A to a =#ng cao tQn 5ht ' C+%# )K%# Beng i8u :#'

Gch tch =#ng i)u 5ha n{/ t ong IC cao t ung tQn l4y a cc t%n hiu =

f. CVu )+* IC "#uT%# +i %Ung BuV) :#K).

#u to c$a %# &huch i c'ng sut ph(t )* tr+n ch, -. cho /t 0ng 1234 ' IC khu9ch i c<ng =u4t 5ht l& /ch t%ch hV5 nhi)u + an=i=to , n9u ;n P h]c 5hQn c<ng =u4t

C/ tQn ca Eadio t ong "in tX c ;6n thg :ic 5hCn t%ch nguyn l ca /ch t n =Y kh<ng c# gg kh# khin!, ' IC khu9ch i c<ng =u4t 5ht l& linh kin c# t l hkng cao nh4t t ong = cc IC ca in thoi di ng, khi hkng chjng thUsng l&/ ch?5 ngun N!ca+ I ch?5 ngun -in K

[. CVu )+* %&' %#u-9n A+%# 1n)Gn

#u to c$a chu56n /ch Anten ' Chuy*n /ch ant>n c# /t Qu :&o chung l& ant>n thu 5ht, Qu a c# th* #ng =ang cc Usng , +m,vSG Cy l& Usng 5ht cho ;ing =#ng wxxGST , +m,^CS Cy l& Usng 5ht cho ;ing =#ng JMxxGST , Em,vSG Cy l& Usng thu cho ;ing =#ng wxxGST , Em,^CS Cy l& Usng thu cho ;ing =#ng JMxxGST

' Chuy*n /ch =Y UVc i)u khi*n * #ng =ang /t t ong f Usng t n, c# hai lnh i)u khi*n chuy*n /ch l& NaN+J :& NaN+L Wu4t 5ht t` IC cao t ung tQn !

' (hi hkng chuy*n /ch c# th* gCy /4t =#ng, khi # ta c# th* 4u t.t Bua chuy*n /ch * thX !
III2CK% A+%# % ;^n )H*ng TD Ni dung2 +%n hiu :& /ch analog, +%n hiu :& /ch ^igital ! 1. TLn #i(u c_ A+%# 1n'/*g

12 TLn #i(u 1n'/*g .It%n hiu tUng t8K ' +%n hiu analog l& cc t%n hiu t ong t8 nhin =au khi Zi a t%n hiu in nhU , +%n hiu C/ tQn , audio , +%n hiu th3 tQn , Nid>o Cc t%n hiu n&y c# dng hgnh Sin

+%n hiu audio :& Nid>o l& t%n hiu analog +%n hiu dao ng :& t%n hiu cao tQn cng l& t%n hiu analog 62 C+%# i(n 1n'/*g. I/ch tUng t8K Gch in * WX l cho t%n hiu analog t ong "in thoi di ng ;ao g/:

' C+%# /g% Gch l]c thUsng =X d7ng cc linh kin d, C hotc E, C hotc =X d7ng thch anh hay ; l]c Sa| Gch l]c UVc =X d7ng * l]c ;k cc t%n hiu kh<ng /ong /un, :& cho t%n hiu cQn thi9t i Bua ! + ong in thoi /ch l]c UVc l.5 ngay =au Chuy*n /ch ant>n 0 knh thu hotc l.5 t U\c IC khu9ch i c<ng =u4t 5ht 0 knh 5ht !

#(c /ch l7c 8-# 9 Thch anh9 87c 2a: ' C+%# g#h: #i %^A Gch ghn5 hu c6/ UVc =X d7ng * chia /t t%n hiu th&nh nhi)u Usng hotc tZng hV5 nhi)u Usng th&nh /t Usng! + ong in thoi /ch ghn5 hu c6/ UVc =X d7ng * tch t%n hiu cao tQn t U\c khi i :&o IC cao t ung tQn!

3ch gh;p h< c/ ' C+%# "#uT%# +i ;i.n Gch khu9ch i ;in UVc =X d7ng * khu9ch i cc t%n hiu y9u th&nh t%n hiu khor hn, t%n hiu UVc Ua :&o chCn c :& l4y a t n chCn C! + ong in thoi /ch khu9ch i ;in UVc dqng * khu9ch i t%n hiu cao tQn 0 knh thu ngay =au cc ; l]c hotc khu9ch i t%n hiu cao tQn 0 knh 5ht t U\c khi Ua :&o IC khu9ch i c<ng

=u4t !

' C+%# )Hn )Sn Gch t n tQn UVc =X d7ng * t n hai t%n hiu nhU +%n hiu cao tQn IEeK :\i +%n hiu dao ng ni IFSCK * l4y a t%n hiu t ung tQn IIeK! + ong in thoi /ch t n tQn UVc =X d7ng t ong IC cao t ung tQn * t n t%n hiu cao tQn :\i dao ng NCF :& l4y a t%n hiu t ung tQn Ie, tQn = Ie ;{ng hiu hai tQn = t n

3ch

trn t=n

' C+%# "#uT%# +i c8 %?jng Gch khu9ch i cUsng l& khu9ch i :) d_ng cho t%n hiu khor hn, t%n hiu UVc Ua :&o chCn

c :& l4y a 0 chCn b! + ong in thoi /ch khu9ch i :) cUsng UVc =X d7ng t ong /ch khu9ch i ^ung, Chu<ng , d>d, lnh i)u khi*n a t` C-O UVc khu9ch i t U\c khi Ua :&o thi9t ;3 !

3ch

&huch i tn hiu chu'ng

' IC "#uT%# +i )#uk) )*Kn IF-, a/5li> K IC khu9ch i thu?t ton 4t th<ng d7ng t ong cc thi9t ;3 in tX ng&y nay, IC c# hai Usng t%n hiu :&o, /t Usng a, c# /t 9n hai Usng c45 ngun, t ong /t IC thong thUsng c# 4t nhi)u F-, a/5li> ! +u th>o =8 thi9t k9 ;n ngo&i /& IC c# th* UVc =X d7ng * to th&nh /ch dao ng, /ch khu9ch i, /ch cng t%n hiu, /ch Zi t%n hiu ^igital =ang analog :& ngUVc li! + ong in thoi, cc /ch khu9ch i t%n hiu C/ tQn a loa :& khu9ch i t%n hiu Gic o thUsng =X d7ng IC khu9ch i thu?t ton!

2> d?ng %# &huch i thu@t to(n 6 &huch i tn hiu A/ t=n ra loa -B &huch i tn hiu 3icro ' C+%# <i D b 1 =X d7ng IC khu9ch i thu?t ton + ong in thoi , t%n hiu thoi UVc Zi t` analog =ang ^igital khi 5ht :& UVc Zi ngUVc li t` ^igital =ang analog khi thu, cc /ch n&y thUsng =X d7ng 5hQn tX F-, a/5li> * th8c hin t ong cc IC /P C/ tQn !
,. TLn #i(u c_ A+%# Digi)'/ 12TLn #i(u Digi)'/ YTLn #i(u B$\

' l% i9A %&' )Ln #i(u B$2 , +%n hiu = kh<ng c# =n t ong t8 nhin! , d& t%n hiu do thi9t ;3 ;i9n Zi /& th&nh! , +%n hiu = chp c# hai /1c in 5 l& c# Ik hiu l& JK :& kh<ng Ik hiu l& xK , Nic WX l, lUu t [ :& t uy)n t%n hiu = n gi6n hn =o :\i tin hiu analog :& cho ch%nh Wc cao hn 4t nhi)u! , Gt t%n hiu: N% d7 t%n hiu C/ tQn * chuy*n th&nh t%n hiu = ngUsi ta 5h6i Zi t` dng analog =ang ^igital

Tn hiu sC Digita

+ ong in thoi di ng, t%n hiu = l& t%n hiu WX l ca C-O, l& t%n hiu nh\ t ong G>/o y :& l& t%n hiu giao ti95 gi[a hai IC l& IC cao t ung tQn :& IC /P C/ tQn! Gch * WX l t%n hiu = g]i l& /ch =, /ch = thUsng =X d7ng cc cZng dogic! 62 C+%# =N /0 B$ b CK% %<ng R*gi%

Cc cZng dogic l& th&nh 5hQn to nn cc IC WX l t%n hiu = nhU C-O, IC /P C/ tQn :& /t 5hQn t ong IC cao t ung tQn, ;ao g/ cc cZng =au : ' C<ng 1ND CZng aN^ c# t%n hiu a ;{ng t%ch cc t%n hiu :&o

H CZng aN^ nhi)u ng :&o

Ng a c# gi t 3 ;{ng t%ch cc ng :&o ' C<ng OO

CZng FE c# t%n hiu a ;{ng tZng cc t%n hiu :&o H CZng FE nhi)u ng

' C<ng N1ND

CZng NaN^ c# t%n hiu a ;{ng t%ch cc t%n hiu :&o :& 6o li

' C<ng NOO

CZng NFE c# t%n hiu a ;{ng tZng cc t%n hiu :&o :& 6o li ' C<ng NOT

CZng NF+ c# t%n hiu a 6o li :\i t%n hiu :&o I52CK% Am ;L Ak) )#?jng BN dZng Ni dung: Cc /P ;% /?t t n /y NF(Ia ! Cc /P tc ;it t n /y in thoi di ng

' + ong /t = t Usng hV5 /y ca ;n :n c# =ong nhUng ;n kh<ng th* g]i hay kh<ng th* nhCn cuc g]i, ;n hPy =X d7ng cc /P tc ;it * t 6 :) c&i tt gc ca nh& =6n Wu4t, n9u kh<ng UVc ;n /\i Buy9t 3nh chy li 5hQn /)/ ! ' (hi ;n /ua /y c, chp :\i /t :&i thao tc n gi6n l& ;n ;i9t ngay /y ;n 3nh /ua c_n nguyn ;6n hay kh<ng, P ;3 =Xa ch[a chUa , =6n Wu4t t` ;ao gis c# 5h6i l& /y ch%nh hiu kh<ng !!! ' S IGbI /& ;n ki*/ t a hPy =o :\i = IGbI t n nhPn =au -in ca /y 5h6i t qng nhau, n9u khc nhau l& /y ca ;n P ;3 thay th9 =Xa ch[a !

Cm ngha 1,7df GP c&i tt chun ca NF(Ia nop[o Si*n th3 = IGbI Ica t4t c6 cc loi /yK noppppo +h<ng ;o 5hin ;6n 5hQn /)/ no,q,po Si*n th3 3a chp thi9t ;3 clu>tooth nor,Wp,[qro GP ki*/ t a = S> i>= ca =6n 5h/, n9u /y ;3 thay ;o /ch thg khi ;4/ /P n&y =Y kh<ng hi*n th3 UVc = S> i>=! Sau khi W>/ /P n&y ;n 5h6i t.t ngun :& ;?t li

noWWqpo hotc noW7Wpo GP = cho 5hn5 ;n kh<i 5h7c cc c&i tt /tc 3nh ca nh& =6n Wu4t, khi nh4n /P n&y ;n 5h6i nh?5 /?t /P ca ;, th<ng thUsng /?t /P /tc 3nh ca NF(Ia l& JL$fh, n9u ;n =X d7ng /y c&i h i)u h&nh Sy/;ial nhU $L$x, RJx, Rhx ;n c# th* nh?5 /P $x * t 6 li to&n ; /y :) t ng thi ;an Qu!

C#s 02 khi nh?5 /P n&y , ^anh ; in thoi =Y ;3 Wo !

noW7Wpr,ff7qo mo to&n ; cc th<ng tin ;% /?t t n /y UVc ;6o : ;{ng /?t khu /& kh<ng cQn ;i9t /?t khu, n9u /y hki thg ;n nh?5 /?t /P ca /y * ng Wo!

no[WWpf[d[o GP = cho 5hn5 ;n Wo ;i*u tUVng ca nh& cung c45 d3ch :7 nhU Nina5hon> hotc

Go;ion>, ch1c ning n&y chp c# hiu l8c :\i /y c# /&n hgnh >n t .ng !