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jif{ &, c+s #,

@)&) ;fn sflQs @$ ut] cfOtaf/ (Nov. 10, 2013)

Pp6} JolStsf] b'Oj{ 6f dtbftf kl/ro kq

sf7df8f}F . oxL dl;/ $ ut] x'g]
elgPsf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgsf
nflu ;+slnt kmf]6f];lxtsf] dtbftf
gfdfjnLdf lgjf{rg cfof]un] uDeL/ q'l6
u/]sf] e]l6Psf] 5 . /fli6o kl/rokqsf
nflu ;d]t eGb} lgjf{rg cfof]un]
ndh'df ;+sng u/]sf] kmf]6f];lxtsf]
dtbftf gfdfjnLdf q'l6 e]l6Psf] xf] .
lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no ndh'n]
kmf]6f];lxtsf] gfdfjnL ;+sng u/]/
lgjf{rg cfof]udf k7fPsf]df lgjf{rg
cfof]un] Pp6} JolStsf] b'O{j6f
kmf]6f];lxtsf] dtbftf kl/rokq k7fPsf]

5 . lgjf{rg cfof]un] ndh' If]q gDa/

@ cGtu{t ef]6c] f]8f/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt
j8f gDa/ * 3/ ePsf g/]Gb| yfkfsf]
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

clwsf/sf nflu n8\b} k"ju{ f]vf{ ;}lgs

sf7df8f}F . la|l6z uf]vf{ ;}lgsdf

g]kfnL etL{ ePsf] Oltxf; b'O{ ;o
jif{ k'/fgf] eO;s]sf] 5 . of]aLrdf

uf]vf{ ;}lgsn] ljZjd} gfd sdfPsf]

klg 5 . t/, a]nfotL ;xsdL{;/x
;' l jwf lbg] a] n fot ;/sf/sf]
k|lta4tf sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf nfdf]
;dob] l v cfGbf] n g/t k" j { u f] v f{
;}lgsx km]l/ cfGbf]lnt ePsf
5g\ . sf7df8f}Fsf] n}grf}/df /x]sf]
a]nfotL b"tfjf; cufl8 k"j{uf]vf{
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

k|x/L g} t:s/Ldf nfu]kl5

sf7df8f}F . pbok'/sf] ;z:q

k|x/L a];SofDksf k|d'v k|x/L
lg/LIfs eLdaxfb'/ sfsL{ g} sf7
t:s/Ldf ;+nUg ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
pbok'/ lhNnfsf] k"jL{ uflj; /fdk'/
7f]SzLnf / d}gfd}gL ;Ldf:yndf /x]sf]
;z:q k|x/L a];SofDksf lg/LIfs
eLdaxfb'/ sfsL{n] SofDk kl/;/df
/flvPsf] sf7 cGoq n}hfg nfUbf
t:s/Lsf] cfz+ s fdf :yfgLon]

lgoGq0fdf lnP/ k|x/Ldf va/ u/]sf

x'g\ . g]kfn k|x/L, ag k|zf;g /
;z:qsf] 6f]nLn] ljleGg ldltdf
kqmfp u/L ;'/Iffsf nflu a]; SofDk
kl/;/df e08f/0f u/L /flvPsf]
$@=!( So"ljs lkm6 kl/df0fsf] @$
yfg kmG6f ;fFvs
' f lr/fg t:s/L ug{
nu] s f] cfz+ s fdf sf7 af] s ] s f]
uf8L;lxt :yfgLon] lgoGq0fdf
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

k"0f{ c+z k]h # df

d"No ?= &.

cGttM lgjf{rg gx'g]

sf7df8f}F . rf/ bn / ;/sf/n]

Psnf}6L 9n] ug{ nfu]sf] lgjf{rg cGttM
tf]lsPsf] ldltdf gx'g] ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/n] lgjf{rgsf nflu tf]ss
] f] ldlt
ca sl/a Ps ;ftf dfq afFsL 5 .
lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos ;fdu|Lx
cem} tof/ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . oxL
cjlwdf g]skfdfcf]jfbL;lxtsf ##
bnn] ef]ln ;f]daf/b]lv nuftf/ d+l;/
% ut];Dd g]kfn aGbsf] cfXjfg u/]sf
5g\ . rf/ bnsf] /fhgLlts
Psflwsf/af6 ag]sf] ;/sf/n] g]skf
dfcf]jfbLnufotsf ## /fhgLlts
bnxnfO{ g;d]6L u/]sf] lgjf{rg lgsf;
x'g g;Sg] / b]znfO{ Glt/ ws]Ng] sfd
dfq x'g] eGb} cfdg]kfnL hgtf
lgjf{rgsf] ljkIfdf pleg yfln;s]sf
5g\ . b; jif]{ hgo'4 n8]sf] /fhgLlts
bn g]skfdfcf]jfbLnufotsf bnnfO{
afO{kf; u/]/ lgjf{rg u/fpg b]zdf
csf]{ hgo'4 lgDTofpg' xf] eGg] a'emfO{
cfdgful/sdf k/]sf] 5, h;sf sf/0f
hgtfsf] ca lgjf{rgdf hg;xeflutf
g/xg] :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . rf/ bn /

;/sf/n] lgjf{rgsf] hlt;'s} /6 nufP

klg tf]lsPsf] ldlt d+l;/ $ df lgjf{rg
x'g g;Sg] cfwf/x 5tf5'Nn eO;s]sf
5g\ . ;/sf/n] lgjf{rgsf] nflu
cfjZos ;fdu|Lx clxn];Dd tof/

sf7df8f}F . g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf
pkfWoIf ;LkL uh'/]n uf}/an] @%
ut] x'g] g]kfn aGbn] g} ;/sf/nfO{
lgjf{rg ;fg{ afWo kfg]{ 7f]sj' f ub}{
To;kl5 aGbnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]
cfjZostf g} gkg]{ atfPsf 5g\ .
pkfWoIf uf}/an] @% ut] ;fOsn;d]t
u'8fpg glbg] atfpFb} @% ut]sf]
aGbkl5 klg ;/sf/ lgjf{rg ;fg{
tof/ geP To;} lbg ## bnsf] a}7s
a;]/ yk cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd Nofpg]
atfP . pgn] lgjf{rg k|lqmof cl3
a9fOP ;f] ;dodf dtbftnfO{
dtbfg s]Gb|;Dd k'Ug glbg aGb eg]
sfod} /xg] :k:6 kf/] . aGb lkmtf{
gx'g] / ;/sf/ clxn]s} /j}ofdf cl3
a9] aGbn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] pgsf]
egfO lyof] . pgn] g]kfnL hgtfn]
!( lbg] hgcfGbf]ngsf] a]nf !(
lbg;Ddsf] aGb :jLsf/]sfn] clxn]sf]
!) lbg :jLsfb}g{ g\ ls eGg] cfz+sf

gug{ cfu|x u/] . g]kfnL hgtfn] aGb

ul/Psf] ljifodf vf;} cfklQ k|s6
gug{] pgsf] bfaL lyof] . cfk"mxn]

ug{ ;s] s f] 5} g . g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLnufotsf ## bnn] ef]lnb]lv
nuftf/ g]kfn aGbnufotsf sfo{qmdx
cufl8 a9pFb} 5 . o; cj:yfdf
;/sf/sf] Wofg / zlQm g]skf
dfcf]jfbLnufotsf bnxsf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{ /f]Sg / lg:t]h kfg{
s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . lgjf{rgsf]
nflu cfjZos tof/L k"/f ug{
afFsL /x]sf] ;dodf ## bnn]
lg/Gt/ g]kfn aGbnufotsf
lgjf{rg alxisf/sf] lg0ff{os
cfGbf]ng ;'? u/]kl5 ;/sf/
cQflnPsf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf
;/sf/n] h'g gLlt cFufn] klg
;kmn gx'g] :ki6 g} 5 . oxL
eP/ ;/sf/n] cfgf] sdhf]/L
n'sfpg ljleGg ljb]zL /fi6nfO{
psf;L
g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLnufotsf bnxsf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ u/L
jQmJox hf/L ug{ nufof] . t/,
;/sf/sf] of] /0fgLlt klg p;s}
nflu cg'Tkfbs 7xl/Psf] 5 .

cfgf] b]zsf] bnxnfO{ g;d]6L lg/\sz

'
9n] lgjf{rg u/fpg vf]Hg], b]zdf
:yflkt ePsf] zflGtnfO{ etfe' kf/L
k'gM hgo'4 lgDTofpg] u/L Psf]xf]/f] 9n]
lgjf{rgsf] /6 nufpg] clg cfgf]
:jfy{l;l4sf] nflu j}bl] zs zlQmxnfO{
cfgf] b]zsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdfly
x:tIf]k ug{ pS;fpg] ;/sf/L /0fgLltsf]
clxn] rf}tkmL{ cfnf]rgf x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
o:tf] cj:yfdf /fi6, /fli6otf /
:jfwLgtfsf] gf/f;lxt hg;+ljwfg
;'lglZrt x'gk' g]{ dfu lnP/ hgtfdfem
k'us
] f] dfcf]jfbLnufotsf ## bn ;xL
ePsf] ljZn]if0f cfdg]kfnLn] ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ h:tf] dxTjk"0f{
sfo{df b]zsf] kl/jt{gsf] k|dv
' zlQm
g]skfdfcf]jfbL;lxtsf bnnfO{ ;+nUg
gu/L ul/Psf] lgjf{rgsf] s'g} t's 5}g,
of] lgjf{rg gf}6s
+ L dfq xf] . ;/sf/ /
rf/ bnsf] /a}of x]bf{ clGtd cj:yfdf
of] lgjf{rg /f]lsG5 lsgls of] lgjf{rg
b]z / hgtfsf nflu lgsf; geO{ emg\
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

kl/rflnt gePsf] :ki6 kf/]sf]

hfgsf/L lbFb} uf}/an] ;]gfn] aGb's
tfs]/ ;'/Iff lbFbf hgtfdf qf; k}bf
x'g] / To;n] cfk"mxsf] alxisf/
cfGbf]ngnfO{ d2t} k'ofpg] bfaL u/] .
uf}/an] dtbfgsf lbg dtbftfnfO{
s'g} klg xfntdf dtbfg s]Gb|;Dd
cfpg glbg] :ki6 kfb} { eg]
lgjf{wkdf dtbftfnfO{ dtbfg
s]Gb|;Dd eg] cfpg lbFb}gf}F, h]ndf
/fv]sf] s}bLh:tf] hgtfnfO{ aGb'ssf]
e/df dtbfg s]Gb|;Dd Nofpg] /
3/ k' ofpg] ;/sf/sf] egfO
hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}deGbf klg s}bL
aGbL agfpg] sfd dfq} x'g]5 .
cfk"mxsf] lj/f]wsf afah'b lgjf{rg
eP To;n] d'n'sdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
ug{ g;Sg] / ul/xfn] klg To;/L
hf/L ul/Psf] ;+ l jwfg Roft] /
cfk" m xn] cfuf] nufpg] pgn]
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . g]kfnn] cfof]hgf

ug'k{ g]{ blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;xof]u ;+u7g
-;fs{_ sf] lzv/ ;Dd]ng l5} x'g]
;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 . cWoIf /fi6
dfnlbE;n] blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;+u7g ;fs{_ sf] ldlg:6;{ sfplG;n sf]
j}7s cfufdL km]a'|c/L dlxgfdf
cfof]hgfsf nflu k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .
cf7} ;b:o /fi6sf ljb]z dGqLx
;+nUg /xg] ldlg:6;{ sfplG;nsf]
a}7sn] cf;Gg lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf
nflu dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox u5{ .
sfplG;ns} a}7sdf cfof]hs /fi6n]
;Dd]ngsf] ldlt k|:tfj ug{] /
To;dfly ;b:o /fi6xn] cfgf] /fo
lbg] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . pSt a}7sdf
g]kfnn] ;Dd]ngsf] ldltsf] k|:tfj
lnP/ hfg;Sg] k//fi6 dGqfnosf
pRr clwsf/Lx atfpF5g\ . of]
a}7sn] lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf nflu af6f]
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

ljleGg cfGbf]ngdf dfkm{t cleJoQm

efjfgf cg' ; f/ ;+ 3 Lo u0ftGq
g]kfnsf] 3f]if0ff;Dd cfpFbf s:tf]
;+3Lotf eGg] ax; 3lge"t kn]
eO/x]sf] 5 . ljleGg hghflt, If]q,
efiff, pTkfbg ;DaGw / ;fdYo{sf]
cfwf/df ;+3Lotf / d"n kdf
gfddf klxrfg emlNsg] ;+3Lotf g}

g]kfndf ;lqmo /fhgLlts kf6L{xsf]

;+3Lotfsf af/]df Psdt x'g g;Sg'
lj8Dagf g} eGg'k5{ .
v_ zf;sLo :jkaf/] lgDg
wf/0fx 5g\\ -!_ ;+;bjf6 lgjf{lrt
sfo{sf/L k|wfgdGqL / ;+;baf6}

@% ut]sf] g]kfn aGb g} lg0ff{os M uf}/a

xltof/ gp7fpg] / aGb lx+;fTds

gagfpg] atfpF b } uf} / an] eg]
bnx xfdL e"ldut xf]pg\ eGg]
rfxG5g\ t/ xfdL e"ldut x'Fb}gf}F .
g] k fnL ;] g fsf dflyNnf txsf
clwsf/Lx;Fu klg cfk"mxn] s'/f
u/]sf] / pgLxn] ;]gf bdg ug{

t];|f] ;fs{ lzv/

;Dd]ngsf] tof/L x'b}

Dofgkfj/sf] 7uLn] ;Ldf gfof] /fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgf, lgjf{rg / tTsfnLg ;jfnx

sf7df8f} F . j} b ] l zs /f] h uf/

ljefudf o; cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf]
tLg dlxgfdf bnfn / Dofgkfj/
sDkgLn] ljb]z k7fOlbg] eGb} ^ ;o
@@ hgfnfO{ 7u]sf] ph'/L k/]sf] 5 .
o; cjlwleq JolStut / ;+:yfut
u/]/ ljefudf 5 ;o @@ hgfn] @*
s/f]8 !* nfv @ xhf/ # ;o $&
k}ofF bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf
a9L ;+ : yfut ph' / L k/] klg
JolStut ph'/Ldf bfaL /sd w]/}
5 . JolStuttkm{ @ ;o &) /
;+:yfuttkm{ # ;o %@ ph'/L k/]sf

5g\ . ;+:yfuttkm{ % s/f]8 %! nfv

#$ xhf/ $ ;o ** / JolStuttkm{
@@ s/f]8 ^^ nffv & xhf/ * ;o
%( k}ofF bfaL ul/Psf] 5 . ToxL
cjlwdf ljefudf b'O{ kIfaLr ;xdlt
eO{ ph'/L lkmtf{, /sd lt/]sf] /
ldn] s f] u/] / ! ;o !) hgfn]
km/kmf/s u/]sf 5g\ . pgLxsf] ^
s/f]8 %* nfv &) xhf/ $ ;o *^
k}ofF ldnfOPsf] 5 . km/sdf %(
;+:yfut / %! JolStut ph'/L 5g\ .
$) hgflj?4 ljefun] * s/f]8 @%
nfv ^( xhf/ $ ;o %) lauf]

lgikIf ;dfrf/ / k|:6 ljrf/sf nflu

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www.janakha
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x]g{ ge'Ng'xf]nf .

bfaL;lxt cbfntfdf d'2f bfo/

u/]sf] 5 . ljefusf lgb]{zs lbj;
cfrfo{n] kl5Nnf] k6s ljb]z hfg]qmd
al9/x]sf sf/0f ph'/L / 7lug]sf]
;+Vof klg a9]sf] atfP . ljb]z
k7fpg] g]6js{ sf7df8f}bF l] v ufpFsf]
3/;Dd km}lnPsf] 5, xfdLn] klg
hgr]tgf km}nfpg ;s]sf 5}gf}F .
To;}n] 7lug]sf] ;+Vof a9]sf] 5, pgn]
eg], j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] lgod s8f
ePkl5 cGo sf/f]af/ /sd klg
sfuh ldnfO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ g}
agfO/ ph'/L ug{ Nofpg] qmd a9]sf]
5 . o;n] klg ;+Vof / /sd a9L
b]lvPsf] xf] . ljefun] tLg dlxgfdf
&) cled'vLs/0f ;+:yfdf cg'udg
u/L !) tyf tLg Dofgkfj/nfO{
:ki6Ls/0f ;f]ws
] f] hgfPsf] 5 . To:t}
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

g] k fnL ;dfh / /fHosf]

cGt/j:t'df hfbf lgDg ;jfnx
phfuf/ x' G 5g\ . -s_ /fHosf]
k'gM;+/rgf g]kfndf /x]sf jfO;]
rf}lj;] /fHox, k"j{sf] ls/fFt lnDa'
/ klZrdsf] v; ;fdGtL /fHosf]
PsLs/0f eO{ g]kfn clw/fHo ag]sf]
Oltxf; 5 . PsLs[ t /fHo

If]Kof:q ax;
dxfbLk kf]v/]n

alg;s] k l5 oxfF ;+ 3 jf
pk/fHoxsf] cl:tTj 5}g . ;+3Lo
u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] cfhsf]
lbg;Dd cfpFbf klg s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo
cGt/ut kfFr ljsf; If]q, !$ c+rn
/ &% lhNnfdf ljeflht g]kfnsf]
e"efu d'VotM sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t /
oxLaf6 zfl;t 5 . g]kfnsf hgtfn]

g]kfnsf] kl/k]Ifdf nfu' x'g' kg]{xf] .

t/, oxfF ;+3Lotfsf] gfddf Ps ju{
jf hfltn] csf]n
{ fO{ lgif]w ug]{ sljnf
;dfhsf] h:tf] ;f]r / klxrfg
;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf lbg} x'Gg eGg] ;+sL0f{
;fdGtL ;f]rfn] h/f uf8]sf] x'Fbf
;+3Lotf ;dfwfg geO ;d:of xf]
h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfh;Dd klg

lgjf{lrt cfn+sfl/s /fi6klt M of]

;d:ofu|:t Pj+ c;kmn kl/kf6L
ljBdfg g]kfnsf ;d:ofx ;dfwfg
gug]{ xf] ls < ;w} ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf]
kmf]x/L v]ndf ?dlng] tyf emg}
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

s= dfcf]T;] t'

jif{ &, c+s #, sflQs @$ ut] cfOtaf/ @)

&)
@)&)

 ;DkfbsLo

cgfjZos w/ks8 aGb u/

;/sf/n] lgjf{rg alxisf/sf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng
ul//x]sf g]skfdfcf]jfbL;lxtsf ## bnsf
sfo{stf{xdfly cgfjZos w/ks8 ul//x]sf] 5 .
nf]stGqdf zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng ug{ kfpg' gful/ssf]
j}olQms clwsf/ xf] . t/, ;/sf/n] gful/ssf]
o; clwsf/dfly s'7f/f3ft ul//x]sf] 5 . g]skf
dfcf]jfbLnufotsf ## bnsf b]ze/sf sltko
sfo{stf{nfO{ clxn] ;/sf/n] w/ks8 ug]{,
skf]nslNkt cf/f]kx nufpFb} kqmfp ug],{ d'2f
rnfpg] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . of] Hofb} lgGbgLo sfo{
xf] . ;/sf/sf] o; k|sf/sf] sfo{n] cfd;r]t
gful/s ;/sf/k|lt ?i6 aGg k'us
] f 5g\ . ;/sf/n]
cg'dfgsf] e/df, :ofn x'OoF fsf] e/df cyf{t\ s'g}
/fhgLlts bnsf] lgb] { z gdf lgbf] { i f g] k fnL
gful/sdfly cGofo x'g] sfd ug'{ x'bF g} . gful/ssf]
:jtGqtfnfO{ Vofn ug'{ ;/sf/sf] k|dv
' bfloTj klg
xf] . t/, clxn] lgjf{rg alxisf/sf] gfddf lgbf]i{ f
g]kfnL hgtfdfly Hofblt ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . of] kSs}
klg hfoh sfo{ xf]Og . k|x/L k|zf;g / /fhgLlts
bnxn] clxn] oxL ljifonfO{ lgx'F agfP/ sltko
cfk\mgf JolQmut l/l;OaL ;fFWg] oxL df}sf xf] eg]/
nfluk/]sf 5g\ . o; ljifodf klg ;/sf/ ;r]t
x'gk} 5{ . xf] ;/sf/n] zflGt;'/Iffsf nflu plrt sfo{
/ aGbf]a:t ug'k{ 5{, o; ljifodf s'g} klg ;r]t
gful/ssf] lj/f]w x'g' b'Od{ t x'bF g} t/ zflGt;'/Iffsf
gfddf s'g} lgbf]i{ f g]kfnL ;/sf/sf] Hofbltsf] lzsf/
aGg' klg x'bF g} . o;df ;/sf/ ;r]t x'gk} 5{ .

u'unsf] P8efG; EjfO; ;fj{hlgs

sf7df8f}F . u'unn] clxn];Dds}
;a} e Gbf 7" n f] P8efG; EjfO;
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . of] gofF lkmr/
cfh cfOcf]P; l8efo;df pknAw
5 . o;dfkm{t\ cfk"mnfO{ rflxg]
hfgsf/L lng 6fOk gu/L af]n]/ g}
vf]Hg ;lsg] 5 . tkfO{n
+ ] sf7df8f}s
F f]
df};d hfgsf/L dfUg' ef] eg] o;n]
;lhn} atfOlbg]5 . tkfO{n
+ ] u'un
' nfO

;f]Wg] efiff ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] / lzi6

x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . u'un 6]Sgf]nf]lhsf
PS;k6{ dfOsnn] tkfO{ n08gdf eP/
k]l/;df l8s c8{/ ug{ rfxg'x'G5
eg] o;sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] atfPsf
5g\ . ;fy} u'unn] PKknsf] l;/L
PK;eGbf lgs} tLj| / ;a} hfgsf/L
P8efG; EjfO;af6 lng ;lsg] bfaL
u/]sf] 5 .

/fatOfc t]u $@ sQlfs nf; )&)@

stf/df g]kfn, n'df, e'mdf / z'qmaf/

xfd|f] d'Vo ;d:of ul/jL xf] eg]
ul/jLaf6 pJhLPsf ;d:ofx dWo]
a} b ] l zs /f] h uf/ klg Ps xf] .
a}bl] zs /f]huf/ ul/jLaf6 RoflkPsf
g]kfnL o"jfxsf] nfuL afWotf xf]
eg] ljleGg ;dodf pTkflbt g]kfnL
>d ahf/df cj;/sf] vf]hL ub}{
ef} t fl//x] s f g] k fnLxsf] nfuL
cj;/sf] vfgL klg xf] cfkmgf] Jofkf/
Jofj;fonfO{ klg lj:tf/ ug{sf] nfuL
t];|f] d'ns 5f]8g] k|j[ltdf a[l4
eO/x]sf] 5 . oxfFg/] a}bl] zs /f]huf/
afWotf dfq geO{ cj;/ / cfkmgf]
Jofkf/ Jofj;fonfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ ynf]
klg ePsf] 5 rfx] afWotfn]
lgDtfPsf] a}bl] zs /f]hfuf/L xf];\ rfx]
cj;/sf] vf]hL xf];\ rfx] Jofkf/
Jofj;fosf] nfuL cfkmgf] b]zaf6
stf/ k|jz
] u/]sf cfd g]kfnLxsf]
Pp6} kL8f k|jf;sf] a;fO{ xf] . cfkmgf]
3/ ;DklQnfO{ ;d]t aGwsL /fv]/
afWotfn] a}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf cfPsf
g]kfnL >ldsxsf lbgx slDt
lk8fbfos 5}gg\ ljb]zdf . cfgf]
3/ kl/jf/ / b]znfO{ r6Ss} 5f]8]/
cfPsf tL g]kfnLxn] ljb]zL e"lddf
cfkmgf] kl;gf aufpFbf aufpFb} klg
cfk"mn] rfx]sf] / ;f]r] cg'ksf]
k|ltkmn kfpg ;s]sf 5}Gg s;}sf]
sfd km/s kg]{ s;}sf] sDklg km/s
kg],{ s;}sf] tnj km/s kg{,] s;}sf]
;8s b'36{ gfdf k/]/ cu+eu Pj d[To'
x'g,' s;}sf] sfo{:yn Pj+ af;:yfgd}
crfgs d[To' x'g' t st} st} sDkgL
dflns Pj+ 3/ dflnsaf6 g} oftgf
lbg' / $% l8lu|sf] rsf]{ 3fddf
stf/sf /f]8xdf /f]8 lgdf{0fdf
h'6]sf slnnf snsnfpbf pd]/sf
g]kfnL o'jfx dfl;s Go'g tnjdf
sfd ul//x]sf k|z:t kfOG5g ofjt
;d:ofx cufNg g]kfnLx afWo
5g\ . g] k fnLxsf] rfk /x] s f]
stf/df sl/j % nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf
g]kfnLx /x]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfn nufot
ljZjel/sf dflg;xsf] nfuL stf/
cfs{if0fsf] s]Gb| ag]sf] 5 . stf/
cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] b[li6sf]0fdf
ljZjsf] gDj/ Psdf klg k/]sf] 5 .
oxfF k| z :t dfqfdf vlgh
k|HjngzLn kbfy{sf] e08f/ /x]sf]
5 / To;sf] clwstd pkof]un] ubf{
o;nfO{ cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] l:yltdf
k'ofpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . cfh eGbf
sl/j !) jif{ klxnf stf/ k|jz
]
u/]sf Ps g]kfnLn] cfkmgf] cg'ej
atfpb} stf/df cfk"m cfpbfsf]
cj:yf / clxn] s f] cj:yfdf
ct'nlgo kl/jt{g ePsf] atfp5g\ .
csf] { t km{ lta| kdf eO/x] s f]
g] k fnLxsf] c:jefljs lgwg
h;nfO{ x[bo3ftsf] klg ;+1f lbOG5
of] klg Ps c1ft ;d:of ag]sf] 5
;'Gb/ ;kgf af]s]/ vf8Lsf] ljleGg
d'n'sdf uPsf g]kfnLx ;'t]sf]
cj:yfdf d} d[To'j/0f ul//x]sf
36gfx a9\bf] 5g\ . b}lgskdf
sf7sf] aGb afs;df d[To'ePsf

g]kfnLxsf] zj g]kfn cfpg] qmd

a[l4 ePsf] 5 of] ljifodf s;} /
st}af6 7f]; cg';Gwfg / /f]syfd
Pj+ r] t gfTds sfo{ q md ePsf]
kfOFbg} . ;'Gb/ ;kgfx af]s/] stf/
k;]sf g]kfnLxn] oxfFsf] ljleGg
;d:of Pj+ sl7gfO{sf ljr klg s]xL
g]kfnLxn] ;kmntf klg k|fKt u/]sf
5g\ . tL dWo] sltko g]kfnLxn]
cfkmg} Jofj;fosf] kdf ljleGg
vfnsf sDkgLx ;~rfng ul/ ;of}
hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L klg lbPsf 5g\ .
vf;ul/ vf8L b]zdf dWood:t/sf]
hgzlStdfq xf] O g oxfF pRr
lsl;dsf] g]kfnL hgzlSt klg
kfOG5 . OGhLlgo/, lrlsT;s Pj+
:yf:YosdL{x, s'zn Joj:yfks,
PsfpG6] G 6, a} l s+ u tyf xf] 6 n
nufotdf pRr:t/sf hgzlStx
klg oxfF pRr tnjdfgdf sfo{/t
5g\ . cfkmg} Jofkf/ Jofj;fo
ul//x] s f] Pp6f hdft, csf] {
pRr:t/df sfo{/t hdft 5 eg]
t];|f] hdft eg]sf] lgDg tnjdf
clws d]xgt / hf]lvdo'St sfo{
ul//x]sf g]kfnLxnfO{ lng ;lsG5
$% l8lu|sf] rsf]{ 3fddf ;8s lgdf{0f
b]lv ljleGg 3/fgf ;f]lku+dfnx Pj+
oxfFsf b'u{d 7fFpxdf p6F r/fpg]
/ s[lif sfo{df klg Jo:t 5g\ sltko
g]kfnLx, oL g]kfnLxsf] d]xgtsf]
p2]Zo eg]sf] cfkmgf] kl/jf/ / ;'Gb/
eljio lgdf0f{sf] nfuL xf] . o;/L
ljleGg hf]lvdk"0f{ d]xgtk"js
{ u/]sf]
sfdaf6 k|fKt ePsf] tnjaf6 klg
plrt art u/]/ sltkon] pGglQ
u/]sf 5g\ eg] clwstd lgDg:t/sf]
sfo{ ug{ g]kfnLxn] Ifl0fs cfgGbsf]
nfuL lkpgnfO{ alGrt ul/Psf] dfgj
zl//sf] nfuL cToGt} 3fts k]o
dfbs kbfy{ k|of]u ug{] u/]sf 5g\
hg' kbfy{ lkpgsf nfuL geO{ 3/df
;kmfO{sf] nfuL k|of]u ul/g] Ps
k|sf/sf] /;folgs dfbs kbfy{ xf]
h;sf] ;]jgkl5 g]kfndf :yfgLo
efiffdf af]lng] /S;L jf cGo dftnfUg]
tTjn] h:tf] gzf lbG5 Tof] h:t}
gzf o;af6 klg k|fKt x'G5 . km/s
olt xf] of] dflg;sf] nfuL geO{ 3/sf
zf}rfnox tyf cGo ;kmfO{sf]
sfo{df k|of]u ug{sf] nfuL agfOPsf]
/;folgs tTj xf] . h;sf] ;]jgn]
dflg;sf] zl//nfO{ cGtGt} a]kmfObf
u5{ . o:tf dfbs kbfy{sf] kdf
oxfF n'df, vh'/af]66], >Ln+s] cflb
cflb gfdx k|Voft 5g\ hf] oxfFsf
sltko dfs{ ] 6 tyf k;nxdf
kfOG5g . oxfFsf sltko g]kfnLxn]
o;nfO{ vfg] lrh xf]Og eGg] klg
/fd|/L lrGb5g km]l/ klg pgLxn]
Ifl0fs cfgGb / ljnfl;tfsf nfuL
clg ;:tf] klg ePsfn] o:tf dfbs

kbfy{sf] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . n'df

tyf cGo dfbs kbfy{sf] Jofkf/ s]lx
g]kfnLxn] klg n'lsl5kL ub}{ cfPsf
5g\ cfk"m a:g] sf]7fdf -?d_df
n'sfP/ /fVg] / dx+uf] efpdf a]Rg]
klg u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 h'g cToGt}
oxfFsf] sfg'g ljkl/tsf] lqmofsnfk
xf] . Psflt/ n'dfsf] k|of]u a9\bf] 5
eg] ;"tL{hGo kbfy{sf] Jofkf/ klg
plQs} kdf a9\bf] 5 g]kfndf kfpg]
k'sf/ tyf cGo u'6vf hGo kbfy{ /
;' t L{ s f] kdf k| o f] ] u ug{ cGo
lrhx klg oxfF v'nc
] fd a]rljvg
ul//x]sf] kfOG5 k|fo z'qmaf/sf]
hd36df j]rljvg ul/g] oL ljleGg
lel8of]sf l;8L / ;'tL{hGo kbfy{
dfbs kbfy{ tyf cGo hd36nfO{
oxfFsf] k|zf;gn] aGb]h u/]sf] 5 /
oxfFsf] :yflgo k'ln;n] z'qmaf/sf]
pSt hd36df oL lrhxsf] ;fydf
lx/f;tdf lnbfF sltko g]kfnxn]
h]nsf] xfjf ;d]t vfO/x]sf5g\ .
zqmaf/sf] lbg pSt kfs{df g]kfnL
;d'bfosf ljleGg ;+3;+u7gxsf e]nf
tyf a}7sx a;]sf] klg kfOG5
stf/df ;+3;:yf tyf o"lgogx vf]Ng
k|ltjGw 5 km]l/ klg oxfF !)) eGbf
w]/} ljleGg p2]Zon] :yfkgf ul/Psf
g]kfnL ;+3;:yfx ;lqmo 5g\ .
u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnLxsf] 5ftf
;+u7g elgg] u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnL ;+3
stf/ RofK6/sf] ev{/} ;DkGg kfrf}F
dxflwj]zgn] klg Jofks rxnkxn
kfof] . h:sf] g]t[Tj k|fKtLsf] nfuL
xf]8afhL g} ePsf] lyof] Pskbsf]
nfuL rf/ rf/ hgf;Ddsf] bfjL
kg{uPkl5 clGtd ;xdlt kZrft
lgjf{ r gaf6 g] k fnL d' l Znd
;d'bfoaf6 g]kfnL ;dfhsf cu'jf
Pj+ ;dfh;] j L dS;' b cfnd
u}/cfjfl;o g]kfnL ;+3 stf/sf]
cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] x'g\ . sl/j
!^ ;o eGbf w]/} ;b:o ePsf] Pgl;l;
stf/ tyf cGo cj} w flgs
;+3;:yfxsf lgjf{rg / lqmofsnfk
klg stf/sf] sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf ljrdf
r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ xf] .
vf;u/L stf/df g]kfndf zlgjf/
ljbf eP h:t} z'qmaf/ ljbf x'g] ub{5
t/ sltko sDkgLxdf ljlxjf/af6
g} ljbf x'g] ub{5 . ljlxjf/sf] /ftnfO{
oxfF e'mdf cyjf e'mdf/ft eGg] ul/G5
eg] of] lbg klg ;fyLefO{x Ps
csf{sf] SofDk jf sf]7fdf uO{ a:g]
vfg] ub{5g eg] csf]{ lbg z'qmaf/
vf;ul/ stf/sf] /fhwfgL bf]xfsf s]lx
kfs{ d Wo] tnjf/u] 6 kfs{ d f
g]kfnLxsf] hd38 x'g] ub{5 .
/fhwfgL b]lv 6f9f 6f9faf6 klg
;jf/L;fwg4f/f g]kfnLx pStkfs{df
hDdf x'G5g\ pgLx ToxfF hDdf x'gs
' f
s]lx sf/0fx 5g\ h:d dWo] e]63f6

d'Vo sf/0f xf] eg] y'kf| ] dflg;xsf]

ljrdf s]lx g]kfnLxn] cfkmgf]
cfkmgf] wGbf klg ul//x]sf b]lvG5g\
h'g b]Vbf g]kfndf s'g} d]nfdf ePsf]
efg x'G5, xl/of] rp/df a;]sf
g]kfnLx x'G5g st} Pp6f ;d'xn]
l;l8 a]lr/x]sf] x'G5 eg] sltn]
r6k6] h:tf vfBa:t' klg a]rs
] f]
b]Vg ;lsG5, st} s'g} ;d'x jf
;+u7gsf] a}7s klg a;]sf] b]Vg
;lsG5 t st} kfgL / h'; xftdf
lnP/ kl;gf k'5b} a]Rg lxF8]sf
b]lvG5g\ stf/af6 k|sflzt x'g]
sflGtk'/ tyf /fhwfgL ;fKtflxs
klqsfx klg sltn] xftdf lnP/
a]Rg lxF8s
] f] b]lvG5 . $),$% l8u|Lsf]
3fddf klg tL g]kfnLx 3fd gegL
pSt kfs{df hDdf ePsf] b]Vg ;lsG5
o:tf kfs{df vf;ul/ tnjf/u]6,
j/jf a}ssf] kfs{ tyf g]zgn If]q,
h}bfkfs{ d'Gthf kfs{df Hofbf dfqfdf
kfOG5 eg] cf}wf]lus If]q ;g}ofsf
s]lx kfs{df klg o:tf lqmofsnfk
b]Vg ;lsG5 .
stf/nfO{ /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs,
hflto Pj+ ;du| lx;fjn] d"Nof+sg
ubf{ sl/j % nfv g]kfnLxsf]
hg3gTj /x]sf] stf/nfO{ ldlg g]kfn
eg]/ c+lst ul/G5 g]skf Pdfn]
eft[;+u7g g]kfn nf]stflGqs dGr
stf/, Pg] s kf dfcf] a fbLsf]
eft[;u+ 7g g]kfn hgk|ultlzn d+r,
g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; sf] eft[ ;+ u 7g
hg;Dk{s ;ldlt stf/ nufot cGo
/fhg}lts, hflto, wfld{s ;d'xxsf
eft[;u+ 7gx klg ;lqmo 5g\ eg]
oxfFsf] :yflgo ;/sf/;Fu k|ToIf
;Dk{sdf /lx stf/sf] ;fdflhs
lqmofsnfkdf ;xefuLtf hgfpg] >]o
g]kfnL ;d'bfosf cu'jf lrtjg
lgjf;L ;fu/ g]kfnHo"nfO{ lng
;lsG5 pxfFn] stf/n] cfof]hgf ug{]
x/] s k| s f/sf ;fd' b flos
lqmofsnfkdf g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{
;lqmo ;xeflutf u/fpg e'ldsf
v]ln/xg'ePsf] 5 .
oxfFsf g]kfnLxsf] k|ltlglwTj
Pj+ cleefjssf] kdf g]kfnL
b'tfjf;n] ;d:ofxnfO{ ;Djf]wg
ug{ Pj+ g]kfnL ;d'bfodf ;dGjosf/L
e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] 5 . o;/L
;+If]kdf eGg] xf] eg] stf/ cj;/sf]
vfgL xf] oxfF cfpg] g]kfnLxsf]
;VofTds lx;fjn] a[l4 ePtf klg
u'0ffTds lx;fjn] a[l4 ePsf] 5}g\ h;n]
ubf{ oxfF ;kmn g]kfnLx eGbf ;d:of
/ lk8fdf k/]sf g]kfnLx w]/} 5g\ . oL
;j} ;d:ofx Pj+ eljiodf a}bl] zs
/f]huf/LnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nfuL
b'tfjf; Pj+ ;3;:yfx ljrdf
;dGjo, hgr]tgf, ;d:ofxsf]
cWoog u/L ;dfwfgsf] nfuL :yflgo
;/sf/ Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu kxn ul/g'
h?/L 5 .
-n]vs, c3f{vfFrL ;]jf ;dfh stf/
/ dft[el" dsf nfuL o"jf cleofg
stf/sf k|yd pkfWoIf x'g ._

sf7df8f}F . ?;df ;+ljwfg hf/L

ePsf] @)cf}F jif{ k'us
] f] pknIodf ?;L
;f+:s[lts s]Gb| sdn kf]v/Ldf ;~rf/
dfWod / gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf
ljifodf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . ?;L ;f+:s[lts s]Gb| / g]kfn
kqsf/ d~rsf] ;+oS' t cfof]hgfdf pSt
sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmdsf]
k|dv
' cltlydf dlg:6/ sfpG:o'n/
efnf]/L cflgl:sg /x]sf lyP eg] cGo
cltlydf ?;L sNr/ ;]G6/sf lgb]z
{ s
:tflg:nef l;dfsf]e, cGtf]g df:nf]e,
k"j{?;sf nflu g]kfnsf /fhb"t
lx/0onfn >]i7, jl/i7 /fhgLlt1
s[i0f/fh adf{ / g]kfn kqsf/ d~rsf
cWoIf lg/~hg cf]emf /x]sf lyP .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;~rf/ dfWod /

gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf ljif]s

sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k"j/{ fhb"t
>]i7n] ljZjdf ;a}eGbf w]/} nueu Ps
nfveGbf klg clws ;~rf/sdL{ ePsf]
b]z ?; xf] eGg] s'/fsf] lhls/ u/]sf
lyP . o;} dfldnfdf clws ;~rf/sdL{
ePsf] b]z rLg / t];f| d] f cd]l/sf /x]sf]
klg hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fdf ;~rf/ dfWodsf] / gful/s
;dfhsf] 7"nf] e"lds /x]sf] klg atfPsf
lyP . jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfndf
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f
rrf{sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . t/, ;a}
s'/fsf] ljifodf olb cfFsng u/]/ eGg'
kg{] xf] eg] g]kfndf Ps ;oeGbf klg
a9L hghflt /x]sf 5g\, To;}n] pgL
;a}nfO{ hftLotfsf] lx;fadf /fHo lbg

;Sg] ;Defjgf ;d]t klg g/x]sf] >]i7sf]

egfO{ /x]sf] lyof] . w]/} /fHon] d'ns
'
wfGg g;Sg] ;d]t pgsf] ts{ lyof] .
To;}u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
/fhgLlt1 adf{n] g]kfnsf] cfly{s,
;dflhs / /fhgLlts ljsf;df
ljutb]lv nuftf/ ?;sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg
/lxcfPsf] / efjL lbgxdf klg Tof]
of]ubfg cem emg\ k|uf9 aGb} hfg] ljZjf;
JoSt u/]sf lyP . ;~rf/ dfWod /
gful/s ;dfh :jtGq / ljikIf x'g' kg]{
ts{ adf{n] /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf k|dv
'
cltly cflgl:sgn] ?;df !((# df
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf
lyP . ;+ljwfgn] g} d'ns
' sf] efUo lgdf{0f
ug{] ePsf]n] ;a} g]kfnLnfO{ rf8} ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu clu|d z'esfdgf lbPsf

lyP . sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]kfn

kqsf/ d~rsf cWoIf cf]emfn] g]kfn
kqsf/ d~r /fhgLltaf6 d'St /x]sf]
kqsf/xsf] ;femf ;+u7gsf] kdf g]kfn
kqsf/ d~r /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf
lyP . g]kfn kqsf/ d~rsf] ljifodf
;+lIfKtdf s'/f ub}{ cf]emfn] d~rsf]
clxn];Dd w]/h} ;f] d'Vo lhNnfxdf g]kfn
kqsf/ d~rs RofK6/ u7g eO;s]s /
cfufdL lbgdf g]kfnsf krxQ/}
lhNnfxdf o;sf RofK6/x u7g ug{]
sfo{ eO/xsf] atfpFb} clxn];Dd o;
d~rdf nueu ;ft ;oeGbf klg a9L
kqsf/x ;+ul7t eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fPsf lyP . ;fy} ?;df ;+ljwfg hf/L
ePsf] @) cf}F jif{ k'us
] f] pknIodf ?;L
hgftnfO{ z'esfdgf JoSt u/]sf lyP .

;ftfsf] ax;
e'jg s];L, stf/

;a}eGbf w]/} ;~rf/sdL{ ePsf] b]z ?;

/fatOfc t]u $@ sQlfs nf; )&)@

r'gfjnfO{ ;8saf6
vf/]h u5f}+{
xfdL qmflGtnfO{ arfpg rfxG5f}F . qmflGtnfO{ arfpg slyt ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjnfO{ /f]sf}F eg]/ 6]andf
eg]sf lyof},F To;sf] ;'gj' fO{ ePg, ca xfdL o;nfO{ ;8saf6 vf/]h u5f}+{ .
6]anaf6, jftf{, ;+jfb / ;xdltaf6 hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] Ph]08fnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{ bnfnx tof/ ePgg\ .
;+3if{ / hgtfsf] kxnsb\dLaf6 of] r'gfjsf] l8hfOg/x / Tof] l8hfOgnfO{ g]kfndf
nfu" ug{ vf]Hg] gf]s/x eo+s/ cft+lst ePsf 5g\ .
logLx ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ub}{ 5}gg\ . slyt ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] gfddf of] b]zdf pgLxsf]
lglxt :jfy{ k"/f ug{sf] lglDt, dflnssf] ;]jf ug{sf] lglDt / cfgf] ;Qf:jfy{l;4 ug{sf] lglDt b]z /
hgtf efF8df hfcf];\ eGb}5g\ . g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6sf lj?4df G yf]kg],{ o'4 yf]kg]{ d"vt{ f ub}{5g\ .

;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) tkfO{+xn] lj/f]w ubf{ub}{ klg
r'gfj t x'g] g} eof], xf]Og
/ <
r'gfj x'g] g} eof] eGg] xf]Og
r'gfj t gx'g] eof] . clxn]sf] /fli6o
/fhgLlts dfxf]n x]ge
'{ of] eg] r'gfj
gx'g] kl/j]z tof/ eO;s]sf] 5 .
;'?df rf/ bnLo ;+oGq / ;/sf/n]
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ug]{ gf6s
ul/;s]kl5 To;n] Pp6f 7"nf] k|Zg
g]kfnL /fhgLltdf pAhfof] . o;sf]
af/]df dfcf]jfbL kf6L{]sf] wf/0ff s]
x'G5, s] gLlt clVtof/ u5{, s]
k|ltlqmof lbG5 eGg] cfdg]kfnL
hgtfsf] rf;f] lyof] . xfdLn] kf6L{sf]
kf]v/f a}7saf6 of] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
r' g fj xf] O g gf6s xf] . o;n]
k|ltqmflGtsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{5 .
o;n] /fi63ftsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}5
{ .
b]znfO{ k"/f bnfnLs/0fdf nfg]
k| k ~rsf] k| l tlglwTj ub} { 5 .
To;sf/0f of] r'gfj g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf]
k|lqmofsf lj?4df k|ltqmflGtsf]
k|ltlglwTj u/]/ cfPsf] x'gfn] of]
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjnfO{ kf6L{n]
alxisf/ ug'k{ 5{ / ;+3if{af6 o;nfO{
Wj:t kfg'{k5{ eGg] gLlt kf6L{n]
lnPsf] xf] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] o; gLltaf6
cfdg] k fnL hgtfn] ca
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'Fb}g eg]/
elg;s]sf 5g\ .
To;kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf]
gf6s ub}{ ut c;f]h !& ut]
;+ljwfg;ef pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gog
ug]{ sfd u/] . k"jl{ gwf{l/t c;f]h (
/ !) ut]sf] pDd]bjf/ dgf]gogsf]
ldlt xfd| f ] ;+ 3 if{ / hgtfsf]
kxnsb\dLaf6 cft+lst eP/ !&
ut]sf] nflu ;f/] . o; ;do bz}Fsf]
;+3f/ lyof] . cfdg]kfnL hgtfsf]
rf8 / dgf]lj1fgnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/
xfdLn] k"jl{ gwf{l/t sfo{qmdnfO{ s]xL
;'wf/, uof}F . xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf]
sfo{qmddf ;'wf/ b]v/] oL bnfnx
r'gfj x'G5 eGg]df yf]/yf]/} pT;flxt
x'g] d"vt{ f ul//x]sf 5g\ . r'gfj x'G5
x' G 5 eGb} logsf ldl8ofsf
ljuxfp;x w]/} k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\
ls dfgf}F clxn]sf] of] r'gfj ldl8ofn]
ul/lbg] xf] h:tf] . h'gdf hgtfsf]
;xeflutf rflxFb}g, kf6L{sf] e"ldsf
rflxFb}g, ldl8ofn] r'gfj ul/lbg]
h:tf] u/]/ k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psf] 5 .
o;n] hgtfdf yf]/} lljwf l;h{gf
ul/lbPsf] lyof] . ha xfdLn] ut
sflQs ! ut]b]lv nuftf/ o;sf]
/fhgLlts b[ l i6n] hgtfsf]
kxnsb\dLaf6 ;+3if{sf] b[li6n] h;/L
k|ltjfb ub}{ uPsf 5f}F, hgtfn]
r'gfjnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{ uPsf 5g\,
o;af6 ca r'gfj x'bF g} eGg] kSsf

ePsf] 5 . To;}n] r'gfj x'G5 eGg]

xf]Og, r'gfj x'bF g} .
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+3if{
/ hgtfsf] kxnsb\ d Laf6 of]
r' g fjsf] l8hfOg/x / Tof]
l8hfOgnfO{ g]kfndf nfu" ug{ vf]Hg]
gf]s/x eo+s/ cft+lst ePsf
5g\ . o;sf/0f klg r'gfj eo+s/
;+s6df k/]sf] 5 . csf]{ s'/f, of]
r'gfjsf] /fhgLlts cf}lrTo k"/f ug{
g;s]kl5 g]kfnL hgtfsf] hg;+ljwfg
aG5 eGg]af6 cft+lst eP/ g]kfnL
;]gf k|of]u / kl/rfng ug]{ d"v{tf
u/] . lsg of] d"v{tf u/] < g]kfnL
;]gf oL bnfnx h:tf] a]as'km 5}g
t/ lsg ;]gfsf] ;xf/f lng k'u]eGbf
logsf] ;+ l jwfg;ef r' g fjkL
/fhgLlts sfo{qmd h'g 5, Tof] clxn]
/fi6, hgtf / /fli6o :jfwLgtfsf
lj?4 lyof] . To;sf/0f ;]gfsf] ;xf/f
lng afWo x'gkof] . g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff
lgsfon] /fi6 / hgtflj/f]wL xs{tdf
;fy lbFbg} / lbg' klg x'bF g} . oL ;a}
36gfnfO{ x]g{] xf] eg] klg r'gfj ;+s6df
kl/;s]sf] k|:6 x'G5 . cem} csf]{ s'/f,
xfdL t lg/Gt/ hgtfsf] kxnsb\dLsf]
g]tT[ j ub}{ hfG5f}F . ca cfufdL lbgx
cfFwLx"/Lsf lbgx x'g5
] g\ . o;sf/0f
klg of] r'gfj ;+s6df kl/;s]sf] 5,
r'gfj ;Dej 5}g .
) r' g fj x' F b } g t eGg' e of] t/
tkfO{ + n ] cfGbf] n g klg
cufl8
7 f ] ;;k
kk ddff c
uufl8
f l 8 aa9fpg
9fpg
;Sg'ePsf] 5}g elgG5 lg <
of] ;To xf]Og, xfd|f] cfGbf]ng
7f];kd} cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f]
kf6L{ s f] kf] v /f a} 7 sn] alxisf/
sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g >fj0f !) ut]af6
ug]{ lg0f{o lnPsf] lyof] . xfdLn] tLg
r/0fdf sfo{qmd cufl8 nfg] gLlt
lnPsf lyof}F . klxnf] / bf];f| ] r/0fsf]
sfo{qmdx ;kmn eO;s]sf 5g\ .
clxn] xfdL t];f| ] r/0fsf] sfo{qmddf
5f}F . sflQs ! ut]bl] v of] sfo{qmd
;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . sflQs ! ut]bl] v
clxn];Ddsf] l:ylt x]g'{eof] eg]
hgtfdf pT;fx a9]sf] 5 . hgtf
cfkm}n
F ] cfGbf]ng ug{ kfpFbf / To;sf]
g]tT[ j dfcf]jfbLn] lnOlbFbf hgtfdf
pT;fx a9] s f] 5 . kf6L{ l eqsf
qmflGtsf/L / Odfgbf/ sfo{stf{df
pT;fx k}bf ePsf] 5, ;lqmotf a9]sf]
5 . hgtf cfkm}n
F ] kxn u/]/ of] r'gfj
xfd|f] qmflGtsf] lj?4df cfof] eg]/
k|ltjfb ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;/L x]bf{
cfdkl/jt{g rfxg], qmflGt rfxg]x
clxn]sf] of] u8a9Lsf lj?4 cfk"mnfO{
;dlk{t ug{ rfxg]xnfO{ pT;flxt
agfPsf] 5 . of] kxnsb\dL lg/Gt/
cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . ca xfdL l5}
k"j3{ f]lift sfo{qmdadf]lhd b; lbg]

v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ k|sf08, kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:og]skfdfcf]jfbL

cfdx8\ t fn / cfdg] k fnaGb
sfo{qmddf cufl8 a9\5f}F . cfdg]kfnL
hgtfn] dfcf] j fbLn] 7Ls uof]
elg/x]sf 5g\ . b; lbg] cfdx8\tfnsf]
nflu cfdg]kfnL hgtfx tTk/
eO;s]sf 5g\ . t/, klg b]ze/sf
hgtfaf6 ;'emfj cfpFbf b; lbg]
g] k fn aGb / cfdx8\ t fnsf]
sfo{qmdnfO{ cem kl/:s[t / kl/dfh{g
ug'k{ g]{ h?/L ePsf] 5 .
) tkfO{ + x cfGbf] n g 3f] i f0ff
ug' { x ' G 5, km] l / hgtfsf] gfd
lnF b } lkmtf{ lng' x ' G 5, o;n]
t hgtfdf lg/fzf k}bf
u/fPsf] 5 elgG5 lg <
of] ;To xf]Og . sltko ;Gbe{df,
;+3if{sf] bf}/fgdf, qmflGtsf] bf}/fgdf
kl/l:yltdf cfpg] km] / abnsf]
cfwf/df hgtfsf] kf6L{n] cfgf
sfo{ q mdxdf klg kl/dfh{ g
ul//xg'k5{ . gq Tof] oflGqs x'g],
h8\ x'g] / Tof] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdn]
kmfObfeGbf a9L a]kmfObf x'g] x'G5 .
o;df klg Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . csf]{
s'/f sltko 6]lSgsn s'/fdf Wofg
gk'ofpFbf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf sfo{qmd
hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff efjgf;Fu st}
aflemPsf x'G5g\, To;df hgtfsf]
;Nnfx / ;'emfjnfO{ klg hgtfsf]
kf6L{ x'g'sf gftfn] uDeL/tfk"j{s
lng'kg]{ x'G5 / cfgf sfo{qmdnfO{
To;nfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
o;/L ul/g] kl/dfh{gn] hgtfsf]
;xeflutf g} h'65
\ . o;af6 kf6L{ /
hgtfsf] ;DaGw yk k|uf9 x'Fb}
hfG5 .
) tkfO{ + x n] ;/sf/, ljb] z L
/fi6xsf] bafa y]Ug g;s]/
cfGbf] n gsf ] sfo{ q mdx
km]/abn ug'{ePsf] xf] elgG5
lg, jf:tljstf s] xf] <
of] unt s'/f xf] . /fi6 / hgtfsf]
lglDt Oltxf;df s;}n] yfDg g;s]sf]
ef/ g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] yfld/x]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s;}n] e'msfpg ;S5
eg], o;nfO{ s;}n] uDeL/ agfpg
;S5 eg] Tof] Pp6f dfq zlQm 5,
Tof] eg]sf] g]kfnL hgtf xf] . c?
s;}n] rfx]/ klg Tof] /fli6o zlQm
xf] ; \ jf cGt/f{ l i6 o zlQm
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ e'msfpg ;S5f}F eGg]
d"v{tf gu/] x'G5, g;f]r] x'G5 . Tof]
w[i6tf dfq x'G5 .
) ;/sf/ h:tf ] ; ' s } d" N o
r'sfP/ klg r'gfj u/fO5f8\g],
tkfO{+x h;/L klg alxisf/
u/]/ g} 5f8\g] atfpg' x'G5,
b]z t km]l/ Glt/ hfg] g}
eof] xf]Og t <
of] ;/sf/;Fu d"No r'sfpg]
x}l;ot g} 5}g, s] d"No r'sfpg] <

of] a]sf/sf] jflxoft s'/f xf] . of] t

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts hLjgdf g]kfnL
/fhgLlts cfGbf] n gdf kl5Nnf]
lbgdf 8/nfUbf] 9n] k|ltqmflGt /
k|ltudgsf] g]t[Tj u/]/ cfPsf]
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj 5, To;nfO{
h;/L klg ;DkGg u5f} { + eg] /
/fhgLlts bnfnx plk|m/x]sf 5g\ .
To;nfO{ h;/L eP klg ;DkGg u5f}+{
eg]/ lgj[Q ePsf k|zf;sxsf]
r'Tyf] ;/sf/ klg s'ln{/x]sf] 5 .
logLx ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ub}{
5}gg\ . slyt ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf]
gfddf of] b]zdf pgLxsf] lglxt
:jfy{ k"/f ug{sf] lglDt, dflnssf]
;] j f ug{ s f] lglDt / cfgf]
;Qf:jfy{l;4 ug{sf] lglDt b]z /
hgtf efF8df hfcf];\ eGb}5g\ .
g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6sf lj?4df G
yf]kg],{ o'4 yf]kg]{ d'vn] ub}5
{ g\ . xfd|f]
r'gf}tL of] d"v{tf gu/, of] d"v{tf
ul//fVof} eg] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
;+ul7t u/]/ /fli6o :jfwLgtfsf]
d'2fdf / g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fhgLlts
:jtGqtfsf] cfGbf]ng / hgtfsf]
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf cfdg]kfnL hgtfsf]
df]rf{ agfP/ xfdLn] of] G y'kfg{
vf]Hg]xlj?4df xfdL lg/Gt/ k|ltjfb
u5f}{+, of] s'/f ltgLxn] /fd|f];Fu
a'lem/fv] x'G5 .
) eg] k l5 tkfO{ + x k' g M
hgo'4sf] tof/Ldf nfUg'ePsf]
h:tf] b]lvG5 lg <
g]kfnsf] qmflGt lg/Gt/ k|lqmofdf

5 . qmflGt k"/f ePsf] 5}g, qmflGtsf]

k|lqmof hf/L 5 . !) jif]{ hgo'4 o;sf]
;z:q :jk lyof] . @)^# b]lv
oxfF;Dd of] 6]andf cfof], 6]andf
cfpFbf jftf{, ;+jfb, /fhgLlts
r/0fdf cufl8 a9\ g ' e Gbf
k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf] if8\oGqsf] 3]/fdf
k/]sf] 5, clxn] g]kfnL qmflGt . xfdL
qmflGtnfO{ arfpg rfxG5f} F .
qmflGtnfO{ arfpg slyt
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjnfO{ /f]sf}F eg]/
6]andf eg]sf lyof},F To;sf] ;'gj' fO{
ePg, ca xfdL o;nfO{ ;8saf6
vf/]h u5f}{+ . o; slyt r'gjfnfO{
;8saf6 vf/]h ul/;s]kl5 /fli6o
;xdltsf] jftfj/0f agfO{ ToxL
;xdltaf6 hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg aGg]
;'lglZrt jftfj/0f agfpg] xfd|f]
p2]Zo xf] . o;}nfO{ clxn] pgLxn]
r'gfjlj/f]wLtTj eg]/ eGg vf]lh/x]sf
5g\ , asaf;k" 0 f{ cleJolQmx
;fj{hlgs ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfdLnfO{
bdg ug]{, xfdLdfly logLxsf]
k|ltlqmofjfbL, o'4 yf]kg]{ d"v{tf
ub}{5g\ . xfdL To;sf] k"0f{ k|ltjfb
u5f}{+ . Tof] k|ltjfb eg]sf] g]kfnL
qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tf xf] .
) To;f] eP g] k fnL hgtf /
/fi6 n ] rflxF slxn] lgsf;
kfpg] t <
ca l5} lgsf; lg:sG5 . ls
t 6]anaf6 l5} lgsf; kfOG5, of]
r'gfj /f]lsG5 . ls t hgtfn] cfgf]
clGtd zlQm k| o f] u ug' { k 5{ .

;8saf6 km};nf x'G5, ca w]/} lbg

kv{g' kb}g{ .
) hgtfnfO{ cfZjf:t kfl/lbg';\
g s;/L ;+s6d'Qm eOG5 <
clxn] g]kfnL hgtfn] cfgf] kxn
cfgf] kf6L{ g]skfdfcf]jfbLdfkm{t\
ul//x]sf 5g\ . 6]anaf6, jftf{, ;+jfb
/ ;xdltaf6 hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fsf] Ph]08fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{
bnfnx tof/ ePgg\ . logsf
dflnsxn] klg lognfO{ tof/ x'g
lbPgg\, ;/sf/ klg tof/ ePg . ca
g]kfnL hgtfn] oL tdfd if8\oGqlj?4
;8saf6 k|ltjfb u/]/, ;8saf6
To;nfO{ vf/]h u/]/ g]kfnL /fhgLltdf
gofF kxnsb\dL lng'k5{ / Tof]dfkm{t\
hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg ;'lglZrt x'G5 . ;w}F
b]znfO{ Gdf ws]n/] cfgf] :jfy{l;l4
ug{ rfxg] tTjx klg c;kmn x'G5g\
/ kfvf nfU5g\ . hgtf To;s} tof/Ldf
h'l6;s]sf 5g\ .
) cGTodf
s]xL
eGg
rfxg' x ' G 5 <
clxn] b]z Oltxf;s} cToGt
r'gf}tLk"0f{ df]8df 5 . of] a]nfdf
hgtfsf] kf6L{ x'gn
' ] g]skfdfcf]jfbLn]
b[9tfsf ;fy kxnsb\dL lng'k5{ /
g]kfnL hgtfn] klg clGtdkdf
kxnsb\dL lng'k5{ . lht ;'lglZrt
5, dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] g]tT[ j / g]kfnL
hgtfsf] Pstf / kxnsb\dLdf ca
l5} of] b]zn] gofF :jk u|x0f u5{ .
To;sf] lglDt Ps k6s ;fy lbg
cfdg]kfnL hgtfnfO{ clkn ub{5' .

/fi6 / hgtfsf] lglDt Oltxf;df s;}n]

yfDg g;s]sf] ef/ g]skfdfcf]jfbLn]
yfld/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s;}n]
e'msfpg ;S5 eg], o;nfO{ s;}n]
uDeL/ agfpg ;S5 eg] Tof] Pp6f dfq
zlQm 5, Tof] eg]sf] g]kfnL hgtf xf] . c?
s;}n] rfx]/ klg Tof] /fli6o zlQm xf];\ jf
cGt/f{li6o zlQm dfcf]jfbLnfO{ e'msfpg ;S5f}F eGg] d"vt{ f gu/] x'G5,
g;f]r] x'G5 . Tof] w[i6tf dfq x'G5 .
xfdLn] kf6L{sf] kf]v/f a}7saf6 of] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj xf]Og gf6s xf] .
o;n] k|ltqmflGtsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}5
{ . o;n] /fi63ftsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}5
{ .
b]znfO{ k"/f bnfnLs/0fdf nfg] k|k~rsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}5
{ . To;sf/0f of]
r'gfj g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf] k|lqmofsf lj?4df k|ltqmflGtsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/
cfPsf] x'gfn] of] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjnfO{ kf6L{n] alxisf/ ug'k{ 5{ / ;+3if{af6
o;nfO{ Wj:t kfg'k{ 5{ eGg] gLlt kf6L{n] lnPsf] xf] .

/fatOfc t]u $@ sQlfs nf; )&)@

gf]lsofsf] 6\ofAn]6 ahf/df

sf7df8fF} . gf]lsofsf cwf]ultsf

lbg psf:g dfOqmf];6 cfPsf] 5 .
ljZjsf bf];f| ] wgf9\o lanu]6;
\ sf]
sDKo'6/ cf]P;df Psnf}6L ahf/
lnPsf] rlr{t sDkgL dfOqmf];6n]
lsg]kl5 gf]lsofn] cfqmfds kdf
ahf/df cfgf pTkfbg ptfg{ yfn]sf]
5 . x' g tM cem} gf] l sof
dfOqmf];6nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmof
6'lu+Psf] 5}g . gf]lsofn] cl3Nnf]
;ftfdfq ^ OGrsf] l8:Kn] ePsf b'O{
:df6{ k mf] g -6\ o fAn] 6 _ Ps} ;fy
ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . n'ldof !%@)
/ n'ldof !#@) df]8nsf ofAn]6df
ljG8f] * ck/]l6 l;:6dsf] k|of]u
ePsf] 5 . gf]lsofn] klxnf] k6s olt
7"nf] l:qmg ePsf :df6{kmf]g ahf/df
NofPsf] xf] . lubf]{ dfs]6{ z]o/n] lg/f;
gf]lsofn] clGtd c:q k|of]u u/]/
p;n] s]xL aif{cl3 dfOqmf];6;Fu
xft a9fPsf] lyof] . dfOqmf];6sf]
df]jfOn cf]P; ljG8f]h P6 k|of]u
u/]kl5 s]xL aif{b]lv 3f6f a]xf]b}{
cfPsf] gf]lsofn] ;g\ @)!@ sf]
clGtd rf}dfl;sdf gfkmf sdfPsf]
lyof] . cfgf] 36\bf] lx:;fnfO{ n'ldof
l;l/hdf ljG8f]h k|of]u u/]/ :df6{kmf]g
l;ud] G 6sf] ljZj ahf/ lx:;f
gf]lsofn] a9fPsf] 5 . ;+;f/sf]
;a}eGbf a9L Ifdtf $! d]uflkS;]n_
sf] Sofd]/f ePsf] !)@) b]lv sl/j
!% xhf/ kg{ n'ldof %@) ;Dd o;sf
pTkfbg 5g\ . ahf/df cfPsf]
ofAn]6 n'ldof !%@) df !(@) u'0ff
!)*) lkS;]nsf] l/hf]No';g ePsf]
^ OGrsf] cfk"mn Pr8L l8:Kn] 5 .
o;df @=@ luufxh{sf] Sjf8sf]/
Snfjsd :Gofk8ofug *)) k|f;
] ;
] /

5 . To;}n] df]jfOn u]d v]Ng, c?

PlKns];G; rnfpg lgs} kmf:6 5 .
o;df Kof]/ Eo' 6]Sgf]nf]hLo'St @)
d]uflkS;]nsf] Sofd]/f 5 . o;df
clK6sn Pd]h :6]anfOh];g klg 5 .
o; ;]6df $ j6f dfOqmf]kmf]g 5g\ .
;]6df gofF Pk gf]lsof :6f]l/ 6]n/
5 . h;n] x]o/ Dofk OGkmd{;g;u
df]jfOn k|of]ustf{sf] tl:a/nfO{
hf]8\5 . o;df ePsf] lad/ gfdsf]
lkmr/n] Pp6f P;PdP;Od]ndf
Pp6f ln+s k7fP/ df]jfOnsf] l:qmg
z]o/ ug{;lsG5 . o;sf] :6f]/]h #@
lhlj 5 . n'ldof l;l/hdf la/n} x'g]
PS;6{n d]df]/L sf8{/fVg] :n6 ePsfn]
o;df ^$ lhlj;Ddsf] d]df]/L /fVg
;lsG5 . ;]6;u} dfOqmf];6n] k|bfg
ug{ :sfO 8fOe Snfp8 :6f]/]hdf &
lhlj :k]; l;Q}df pknAw x'G5 .
csf]{ n'ldof !#@) :df6{kmf]gdf
!@*) u'0ff &@) lkSn]n l/Hof]n';g
ePsf] ^ OGr ePsf] Pr8L l8:n]
5 . o;df @$% lklkcfO lkS;]n OGrlkS;]n_ 8]lG;6L 5 . ;]6df !=&
luufxh{ s f] Sjf8sf] / Snfjsd
:Gofk8ofug P; $ k|f];];/ 5 .
o;sf] ofd ! lhlj OG6/gn d]df]/L
* lhlj / ^$ lhlj;Dd a9fpg
ldNg] d]df]/L sf8{:n6 5 . o;df %
d]uflkS;]nsf] Sofd]/f;lxt lel8of]
s'/fsfgL ug{ ldNg] cu|efudf klg
Sofd]/f 5 . o;sf] Jofl6 #$))
PdPPsf] ePsfn] nfdf] ;do rfh{
gu/L rnfpg ;lsG5 . gf]lsofn]
oltv]/} 7"nf] l:qmg ePsf] 6\ofAn]6
klg NofPsf] 5 . ljG8f]h cf/6L
elgg] o; 6ofAn]6n] ljG8f]h cf]P;df
cEo:t
8] : s6k N ofK6k

rnfpg]xnfO{ ;d]t tfGg] ck]Iff

k|ljlwlj1n] u/]sf 5g\ .
6\ofA6]neGbf ;fgf] 6\ofAn]6sf]
:lqmg :df6{kkmf]gsf eGbf 7"nf] /
6\of{An]6sf] eGbf ;fgf] x'G5 . :df{6k{ mf]g
/ 6\ofAn]6 b'js
} f] ljz]iftf o;df kfOg]
ePsfn] la:n];sxn] ;g @)!# nfO{
6\ofan]6sf] aif{ x'g] bfjL u/]sf lyP .
xftdf /fv]/ cf}+nf grfpFb} o;df
ePsf PK;x rnfpg, lel8of] x]g{
u]d v]Ng lgs} ;xh x'g] ePsfn]
ldgL sDKo'6/sf kdf ;d]t o;nfO{
k|of]u ug{;lsG5 . XofG8L ePsfn]
o;sf] nf] s lk| o tf a9\ b f] 5 .
6\ o fAn] 6 n] df] j fOn, sDKo' 6 /,
6\ o fAn] 6 nufotsf l8efO;nfO{
lj:yflkt ub}5
{ . Pp6} l8efO;n] ;a}
sfd ug{ rfxgf 6\ofAn]6n] k'/f u5{ .
ToxL ahf/ x]/]/ gf]lsofn] klxnf]
k6s kmofAn]6 NofPsf] xf] . ljZjsf]
gDa/ Ps df]jfOn ;]6 pTkfbs
sDkgL ;fd;' 6\ofAn]6 pTkfbgdf
cufl8 lyof] . p;n] ;g\ @)!! sf]
cGtlt/ %=# OGrsf] 7"nf] l:qmg
ePsf] Uofn]S;L gf]6 ;fa{hlgs u/]sf]
lyof] . pkef]Qmfn] o:tf ;]6k|lt lgs}
?lr b]vfPkl5 p;n] o;sf] t];|f]
;+:s/0f ahf/df NofO;s]sf] 5 .
ev{/} cfPsf] Pl/S;g df]laln6L
l/kf]6{sf cg';f/ ;+;f/df cfufdL
tLg aif{leq ofan]6sf] ahf/ $
u'0ff a9\g]5 . To;sf] cfsf/ ! va{
#% ca{ 8n/sf] x'g5
] . cfkmgf] k|dv
'
k|lt:kwL{ ;fd;u;usf] ahf/ cfgf]
agfpg gf]lsofn] kmofAn]6 pTkfbgdf
xft xfn]sf] xf] . PG8f]O8 Kn]6km{ jf
PKknsf] cfOcf] O ; Kn] 6 km{ s f]
ljsNkdf /x] s f] ljG8f] Kn] 6 km{

vf]Hg]xsf nflu gf]lsofsf n'ldof

l;l/h pTs[ i 6 5g\ . kl5Nnf]
glthfcg';f/ :df6{kmf]gdf PG8f]O8
/ PKknnfO{ lg/f; kfg] { u/L
ljG8f]hk|d
] Lx a9]sf 5g\ ljG8f]hsf]
nf]slk|otfn] o;sf] Kn]6km{df k|of]u
x'g] PlKns];G; -PK;_ 8]enk/nfO{
klg cfslift{ u/]sf] 5 .
ljG8f]hsf] nf]slk|otf a9\b} hfFbf
o; cf]P;o'St kmf]gn] ;g\ @)!^ ;Dd
ljZj ahf/df cfOcf]P; -cfOkmf]gsf]
cf]P;_ nfO{ pl5Gg] OG6/g]zgn 8f6f
sk{-cfOl8;L_ n] eljioaf0fL u/]sf]
5 . To; cjlwdf PG8fO] 8 g} klxnf]
gDa/df /xg]5 . cfOl8;Lsf cg';f/
Toltv]/ ljZj ahf/df clxn]sf] ahf/
lx:;f @ k|ltztdf /x]sf] ljG8f]hsf]
nf]slk|otfsf sf/0f !( k|ltzt ahf/
lng] 5 . cfOcf]P;sf] ahf/ lx:;f
@)=% af6 !( k|ltztdf emg{5
] .
dfOqmf];6sf] gf]lsof k|j]zn]
df]jfOn Uofh]6k|d
] LnfO{ kSs} kmfObf
lbg] 5 . To;sf] ;+s]t o;sf gofF
pTkfbgn] b]vfPsf 5g\ . clxNo} eg]
ljG8f] h lt/ cfslift{ x' g ' xtf/
x'g;S5 . ljG8f]h kmf]gdf s'g} ;fdu|L
cknf]8, 8fpgnf]8 ug{ 5'} ;6j]o/
cfjZos k5{ . PG8fO] 8df h:tf] l;Fw}
sDKo'6/df hf]8]/ ;fdu|L slkk]:6
ug{;lsGg . lj:tf/} ahf/ lng yfn]sf]
ljG8f]hsf] :6f]/df sl/j kf}g] @ nfv
PK; dfq 5g\ . of] PG8f]O8sf] Knf]
:6f]/ / PKknsf] PK; :6f]/sf] t'ngfdf
lgs} sd xf] . oBlk kl5Nnf] lbgdf
ljG8f]hsf] nf]slk|otf a9\b} uPsfn]
dfOqmf];6n] 7"n} /sd nufgL u/]/
ljG8f]h Kn]6km{sf nflu PK;sf] ;+Vof
a9fpg] ;Defjgf eg] 5 .

sf7df8f}F . /fi6 a}+sn] c;f]h

d;fGtleq d]l;gn] :jrflnt kd}
k9\g ;Sg] r]s k|of]udf Nofpg a}s
+
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] lgb]z
{ g
kfng geP kl5 tLg dlxgf ;do
yk u/]sf] 5 . c;f]hleq a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] d]l;gn] k9\g ;Sg]
r]s k|of]udf Nofpg g;s]kl5 k';
d;fGt;Ddsf] ;do lbOPsf] xf] .
;dod} r]s /fkm;fkm ug{sf nflu
/fi6 a}s
+ n] ;fdfGo r]s k|rngaf6
x6fP/ d]l;gn] k9\g ;Sg] r]s
k|of]udf Nofpg nfu]sf] xf] . ;fdfGo
r]s k|of]u ul//x]sf a}s
+ tyf ljQLo
;+:yfxn] c;f/kl5 DofUg]l6s Og
Sof/]S6/ l/8/ -PdcfOl;cf/_ r]s
k|of]udf Nofpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
gofF k|ljlwsf] r]s :Sofg ug{]
lalQs} d]l;gn] ;a} tYof+s k9\g] 5 .
dflg;n] cfgf] xftn] l6Kg'kg]{ tYof+s
d]l;gn] kl9lbg] ePsfn] uNtL x'g]
;Defjgf lgs} sd x'G5 . o;af6

t'?Gt} r]s /fkm;fkm eP/ ;dosf]

klg art x'g] 5 . PdcfOl;cf/ r]s
clxn];Dd nIdL a}+s, :6\o{G88{
rf6{\8nufot d'l:snn] Ps bh{g
a}+sn] dfq k|of]udf NofPsf 5g\ .
ljsf; a}s
+ / kmfOgfG; sDkgLn] cem}
klg k|of]udf Nofpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
ToxL eP/ /fi6 a}+sn] tLg dlxgf
;do ylklbPsf] xf] . ljB' t Lo
k|ljlwdfkm{t\ r]s /fkm;fkm ug{ ;]jf
;'? eO;s]sfn] PdcfOl;cf/ r]s
cfjZos k5{ clxn] dfgj ;+zfwg
k|of]u u/L ;fdfGo r]ssf tYof+s
k|0ffnL -a}+ssf] l;:6d_df l6Kg] sfd
eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn lSnol/ xfp;
lnld6]8 -Pgl;PrPn_ af6 ljB'tLo
k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ r]ssf] /fkm;fkm ;]jf
;'? eO;s]sf] 5 .
PdcfOl;cf/ r]sdf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf 7]ufgf, u|fxssf]
gfd, 7]ufgf / vftf gDa/ d]l;gn]
cfkm}+ k9\g] 5 . u|fxsn] ldlt;lxt

x:tfIf/ / /sd k5fl8 eg]{ ePsfn]

o;nfO{ eg] k9\g ;Sb}g . /sd
sd{rf/Ln] k|0ffnLdf cWofjlws ug'{
k5{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o:tf]
r]s 5fKg yfln;s]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo
r]ssf] eGbf PdcfOl;cf/sf] d"No
dxFuf] k5{ dxFuf] ePsf] sf/0f o:tf]
r]s k|of]udf NofPsf a}s
+ xn] s]lGb|o
sfof{nodfkm{t\ r]s hf/L ug{] 5g\ .
zfvfaf6 r]s rfxg]n] dfu]sf] s]xL
lbgkl5 dfq kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
d]l;gn] clwsf+z tYof+s kl9lbg]
ePsfn] r]s /fkm;fkm ug{ ;lhnf]
x' G 5 . ;fwf/0f r] s df ljB' t Lo
k|0ffnLaf6 k9\g ;Sg] u/L -Pl6Pd
sf8{df h:t}_ Pp6f sfnf] nfOg
sf]l/Psf] x'G5 . of] nfOgdf u|fxssf]
ljj/0f / r]s hf/L ePsf] zfvfsf]
gfd pNn]v x'G5 . clxn] Pp6f
r] s sf] ;a} ljj/0f k| 0 ffnLdf
cWofjlws ug{ sDtLdf ^ ldg]6
nfU5 . of] r]saf6 ;'? ePkl5 8]9

ldg]6df r]ssf] ljj/0f k|0ffnLdf k'Ug]

5 . clxn] ljB'tLo k|ljlwdfkm{t\ a}s
+
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] b}lgs !@ xhf/
% ;oeGbf a9L r] s /fkm;fkm
x'G5g\ . ljB'tLo k|ljlwaf6 r]s
/fkm;fkm ug{ Pgl;PrPnsf] ;b:otf
lng' k 5{ Pgl;PrPndf #@ j6}
jfl0fHo a}+s;lxt ;oeGbf a9L
ljQLo ;+:yf ;b:o ePsf 5g\ .
clxn] sf7df8f} + , jL/uGh /
lj/f6gu/af6 r] s sf] ljB' t Lo
k|0ffnLaf6 /fkm;fkm ;]jf ;~rfngdf
5 . j}zfv;Dd g]kfnuGh, kf]v/f,
hgsk'/nufotsf 7fpFaf6 klg r]s
/fkm;fkm ;'? x'g5
] . clxn] sf7df8f},+
jL/uGh / lj/f6gu/afx]s afFsL
:yfgdf /fi6 a} + s n] dfgj
;+zfwgdfkm{t\ r]s /fkm;fkm ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . ljB'tLo k|ljlwaf6 Ps}
lbgdf r]ssf] /fkm;fkm x'g] u5{
o;cl3 r]ssf] /fkm;fkm x'g tLg
lbg nfUYof] .

ca

d]l;gn] k9\5 r]s

dflg;sf] 6fpsf] g} k|Tof/f]k0fsf] tof/L

dflg;sf] z/L/sf c+ u x
k|Tof/f]k0f ul/Psf] ;'Ggdf cfpF5 .
k|foM d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f, d'6'df eNe
k|Tof/f]k0f ul/G5 . t/, lrlsT;f
lj1fgn] cljZj;gLo nfUg] k|Tof/f]k0f
;Dej agfpg] hdsf]{ ub}{5 . xf],
dflg;sf] 6fpsf] g} k|Tof/f]k0f ul/g]
tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu
x]egh]ldgL sf]8 gfdaf6 Ps
kl/of]hgf ;+rflnt 5 . h;n] b'O{
jif{leq :kfOgn sf]8;
{ uF ;DaGw /fVg]
u/L dflg;sf] 6fpsf] k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{
5 . ut h'gsf] ;lh{sn Go'/f]nf]hL
OG6/g];gn hg{ndf O6fnLsf :gfo'
j}1flgs 8f= ;lu{of] sfgfef/f]n] o;
kl/of]hgfsf] p4]Zo / sfo{ k|ult
af/]df hgfsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf
cg';f/ dflg;sf] 6fpsf] k|Tof/f]k0f
ug{ ;o hgf zNolrlsT;sn] #^

306f ;do nufpg] 5g\ / o;df

nueu Ps s/f]8 @^ nfv cd]l/sL
8n/ nfut nfUg] 5 . ;g\ !(&) df
cd] l /sL Go' / f] ; h{ /f] a 6{ h f] ; ] k m
XjfO6n] Ps afFb/sf] 6fpsf] csf]{
afFb/df k|Tof/f]k0f ug'{ePsf] lyof]
t/ pxfFn] cfjZos k|ljlwsf] cefjdf
s}of}F :kfOgn sf]8s
{ f] dd{t ug{;Sg'ePg .
h;n] ubf{ afFb/nfO{ kIf3ft eof] / s]xL
lbgd} dof] . t/, sfgfef/f]n] clxn]sf]
k|ljlwn] To; ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{
ljZjf; lng'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] o;cl3sf]
Ps cg';Gwfgdf j}1flgsxn] d';fsf]
:kfOgn sf]8{ k'gM hf]8s
] f] atfpg'
ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf cg';f/ k|Tof/f]k0fsf]
;a} kIf l7s7fs ePdf :gfo' sf]ifxn]
Go'/f]g, dfFzk];L / u|GyLx;Fu ;+bz
]
cfbfg k|bfg ug{] 5g\ .
cfgf] sfo{kqdf sfgfef/f]n]

pNn]v ug'e
{ Psf] 5 o; cleofgdf
;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of eg]sf] bftf /
u|x0fstf{sf] :kfOgn sf]8{nfO{ k'gM
;Dks{df Nofpg' g} xf], d]/f] ljrf/df
clxn]sf] k|ljlwn] o;nfO{ ;Dej
agfpg] 5 . dflg;sf] 6fpsf]
k|Tof/f]k0f ubf{ u|x0fstf{ 6fpsf]nfO{
nueu $% ldg]6 ;Dd !@ b]lv !%
l8lu| ;]lN;o; tfkqmd xfOkf]yld{of
-lr;f]_ sf] cj:yfdf /flvg] 5 .
h;nfO{ x]eg k|f];]; elgPsf] 5 .
To; cjlwdf s'g} klg :gfo'tGqdf
Iflt gk'Ug] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .
h] l dgL k| l qmofdf u| x 0fstf{ s f]
6fpsf]nfO{ bftfsf] z/L/df hf]8\g'
klxn] zNolrlsT;sn] a6fl/Psf]
:kfOgn sf]8n
{ fO{ lgs} 3fl/nf] rSs'n]
sf6\g] 5g\ . :kfOgn sf]8{nfO{ s'g}
Iflt gk'Ug] u/L sf6\g' r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf]

egfO sfgfef/f] 5 . olt dfq xf]Og

dfFzk];L tlGqsf / xL;Fu hf]l8Psf
dfFzk];LnfO{ klg s'g} Iflt gk'Ug] u/L
sfl6Pdf dfq :gfo' sf] 8 { ; F u
ltgLxsf] ;xL ;DaGw :yflkt
ug{;lsg] 5 . sfgfef/f]sf cg';f/
pNn]lvt df]6f]/Go'/f]gn k'nsf nflu
clxn] k|efjsf/L k|ljlw pknAw 5 .
h;n] :kfOgn sf]8{df rf]6 nfu]sf]
pkrf/ ul/G5 . csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f
dflg;sf] dl:tis clS;hg ljgf Ps
306f dfq afF R g ;Sg] ePsfn]
zNolrlsT;sn] To; ;dojlwdf b'j}
6fpsf] n fO{ z/L/af6 5' ofP/
Pscsf{ s f] z/L/df k' g M hf] 8 ] /
/St;~rf/ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;lqmo kfg{' kg]{
5 . t/, o; lj:dosf/L k|Tof/f]k0fdf
g}lts / wfld{s kIfaf6 k|Zg p7\g]
vt/f /x]sf] 5 . Ph]G;L

ko{6g ljz]if
;'? eof] sflt{s gfr
sf7df8f}F . k|l;4 sflt{s gfr cfhb]lv nlntk'/df ;'? x'bF 5} . l;l4 g/l;+x
dNnsf] kfnfb]lv grfOFb} cfPsf] #&# jif{ k'/fgf] ;fF:s[lts sflQs gfr dnahf/l:yt
sflt{s 8jnLdf grfOG5 . sflt{s gfr k|jGw ;ldltsf Joj:yfks xl/dfg >]i7sf
cg';f/, d+l;/ @ ut];Dd -!) lbg_ b]vfOg] sflt{s gfr x]g{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zLsf]
3'OF rf] nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . k|To]s lbg a]ns
' L ;ft ah] k|bz{g ul/g] sflt{s gfrdf g[l;+x
cjtf/, lx/0osZok' jw, j/fx cjtf/, af}4 cjtf/nufot wfld{su|Gysf kfqx
k|:t't ul/G5 . sflt{s gfr k|jGw ;ldltn] hgfPcg';f/, afMy KofvF, sf}nflvrf,
bfh'lk+ ldo]u,' dxfd"v{ o'4snf, lztHj/, ljidHj/, s[i0f, dxfb]j, b]jL KofvF, Bf]nf,
VofM sj+, e}/j, s'df/L, dxfnIdL, hnzo0f, dw' s}6jjw, lx/0ofIf jw, j:qx/0f
nLnf k|:t't ul/g] 5 . dNnsfnLg /fhf l;l4g/l;+x dNnn] x/]s jif{ sflt{s
dlxgfdf g[l;Fx gfrsf kdf kf6g b/af/sf] klZrddf /x]sf] 8anLdf b]vfpg]
u/]sfn] o;nfO{ sflQs gfr elgPsf] atfOG5 . ljqmd ;Djt\ !^(& df /fhf
l;l4g/l;+x dNnn] cfgf u'? tyf Hof]ltifxsf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ b]z tyf hgtfsf]
sNof0fsf nflu sflQs dlxgf kf/]/ ;f] gfr rnfPsf lyP . ;'?df ;f] gfr
s[i0flnnfdf cfwfl/t ePsf] atfOG5 . Tolta]nf >L a/fx / >L g/l;+x gfrsf
;fydf cGo gfrx ;dfj]z u/L k|To]s jif{ sflQs dlxgf sflQs 8anLdf cf7
lbg;Dd ;~rfng ug]{ ul/GYof] . kl5 l;l4g/l;+xs} 5f]/f >L lgjf; dNnsf] kfnfdf
lj=;+= !&#) df ;ft lbg c? yk]/ g}lts ;Gb]z lbg] vfnsf nf]s gf6sx ;d]t
b]vfO{ kGw| lbg;Dd gfr rnfPsf] Oltxf;df kfOG5 . To;kl5 >L lgjf;sf 5f]/f
of]ug/]Gb| dNnn] piffx/0f tyf dfwjg/ nufotsf zf:qLo gfr;lxt kGw| lbg ykL
Ps dlxgf;Dd ;f] gfr ;~rfng u/fPsf] Oltxf;sf/x atfpF5g\ .
of] qmd lj=;+= @))^ ;fn;Dd rNof] . @))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGtsf sf/0f of]
gfr Ps jif{ ;~rfng x'g ;s]g . To;kl5 @))* ;fnb]lv @)#& ;fn;Dd
sflQs dlxgfsf] b'O{ lbg dfq ;f] gfr ;~rfng ul/GYof] . Tolta]nf >L a/fx
gfr / >L g/l;+x gfr dfq ;~rfng ul/Psf] atfOG5 . lj=;+= @)#* ;fndf
sflQs gfr k|aGw ;ldltsf] u7g ePkl5 k|To]s jif{ sflQs gfr ;~rfng x'bF }
cfPsf] kfOG5 . sflQs dlxgfel/ ;~rfng ul/g] ePsfn] gfrsf] gfd g} sflt{s
gfr /xg uPsf] atfOG5 . g]kfnsf] ;fF:s[lts Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf nfdf] gf6\o
dxf]T;jsf kdf o; gfrnfO{ lnOG5 . ;f+:s[ltsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 klg of] gfr
dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . of] gfrn] P]ltxfl;s dNnsfnsf] ;+:s[lt emNsfPsf] 5 . o;
gfrn] l;l4g/l;+x dNn, >L lgjf; dNn / of]ug/]Gb| dNnsf zf;gsfnnfO{ klg
;Demgf u/fPsf] 5 .

cflbgfy d]nf ;'?

sf7df8f}F . sLlt{k/' gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !$ rf]ef/df /x]sf] cflbgfy

dlGb/df Psdlxg] cflbgfy d]nf ;'? ePsf] 5 . dlGb/df k|To]s jif{
cflZjg z'Sn k"l0f{dfb]lv sflQs z'Sn k"l0f{df;Dd Ps dlxgf d]nf nfUg]
u5{ . d]nfsf cj;/df dlGb/df bz{g u/]sf s'i7/f]usf ;fy} ljleGGf
dxf/f]uaf6 d'lSt ldNg] k|frLg hgljZjf; /lxcfPsf] :yfgLojf;L rGb|
dxh{gn] hfgsf/L u/fP . d]nfsf cj;/df sf7df8f},F nlntk'/, eStk'/sf
;fy} b]zsf ljleGg ::yfgaf6 bz{gfyL{ cfpg] u5{g\ . d]nfnfO{ nIo u/L
:yfgLo ;+3;+:yfsf] ;lqmotfdf dlGb/ kl/;/df ;/;kmfO{ ul/Psf] 5 .

olt efn'sf] k|hflt

sf7df8f}F . lxdfno If]qdf kfOg] elgPsf] /x:odoL hLj olt efn'sf] k|hflt
ePsf] Ps a]nfotL cg';Gwfgstf{n] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . cS;kmf]8{ ljZjlaBfnosf
cfg'jl+ zssf k|fWofks a|fog :sfO{hn] k|frLg w|j' Lo efn' / v}/f] efn'sf] k|hflt ePsf]
bfaL u/]sf x'g\ . lxdfndf e]l6g] /x:odoL olt v}/f] efn' / w|j' Lo efn'sf] xfO{la|8
k|hflt ePsf] pgn] atfPsf 5g\ . gj{d] f kfOg] k|frLg w|j' Lo efn' / v}/f] efn'sf] qm;
g} olt x'g;Sg] pgsf] ts{ 5 . lxdfnL If]qdf dfgjh:t} hLj kfOg] elgP tfklg
o;sf] jf:tljstf aflx/ cfPsf] 5}g . oltsf] cl:tTjsf] af/]df ljjfb 5 .
cg';Gwfgstf{ :sfO{hn] eg]sf 5g\, /x:odL olt jf:tljs hLj x'g;S5 . k|fWofks
:sfO{hn] lxdfnog If]qsf] klZrdL If]qdf kg{] pQ/ ef/tsf] n2fv / e'6fgaf6
xhf/ lsnf]ld6/ k"jL{ If]qdf e]l6Psf] c1ft hgfj/sf] /f}sf] 8LPgP k/LIf0f u/]sf
lyP . To;af6 k|fKt glthfnfO{ pgn] cfk"m;Fu ;'/lIft ;a} 8LPgP k/LIf0fsf
glthf;Fu t'ngf u/]sf lyP . o:tf] ubf{ lxdfnL If]qdf e]l6Psf] /f}sf] 8LPgP gj{s
] f]
k|frLg w|j' Lo efn'sf] lrp8f]sf] 8LPgP glthf;Fu d]n vfPsf] pgsf] k|ltj]bgdf
elgPsf] 5 . w|j' Lo efn' $) xhf/b]lv Psnfv @) xhf/ aif{ lxnf];Dd cl:tTjdf
lyP . Tof] a]nf w|j' Lo efn' / v}/f] efn' leGg k|hflt aGb} lyP . n2fvdf e]l6Psf] /f}F
$) aif{cl3 lzsf/ ul/Psf] hgfj/sf] cjz]ifsf] ?kdf km]nf k/]sf] / e'6fgdf
e]l6Psf] /f}F eg] Ps rnlrq lgdf{tfn] !) aif{] af;sf] emf/Ldf km]nf kf/]sf lyP .
:sfO{hn] of] glthf Psbd} cfZro{hgs ePsf] atfpFb} glthfnfO{ JofVof ug{sf]
nflu yk cg';Gwfgsf] vfFrf] /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn / ltAatsf] lxdfnog
If]qdf kfOg] dflg;h:t} zf/Ll/s agf}6 ePsf] hLjsf] kfOtf ;g\ !(%! df cf/f]xL
Pl/s l;K6f]gn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP . P8\d08 lxnf/L / t]lGh z]kf{n] klg
;u/dfyf r9\g] qmddf dflg;sf] eGbf 7"nf7"nf kfOnf b]vs
] f] atfPsf lyP .
a]nfotLd"nsf k|sl[ tljb aLPr xf]8S\ ;gn] klg g]kfnL lxdfn cf/f]x0fsf] qmddf
cfgf] ufO{8n] dflgh:t} cfs[lt ePsf] 7"nf] hLj b]vs
] f] eg]/ Ps hg{ndf pNn]v
u/]sf lyP . pgn] nfdf] / sfnf] /f}F ePsf] / 8/fP/ bf}l8/x]sf] pSt hLj afb/s} Ps
k|hflt x'g;Sg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf lyP . Ph]G;L

Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] k|lta4tf

sf7df8f}F . Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g]kfnsf @%
j6f lhNNff -wg'iff, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, lrtjg, wflb, sf7df8f},F
nlntk'/, sfe]kn| f~rf]s, gjnk/f;L, tgxF,' ndh', sf:sL, :ofhf, kfNkf, kGb]xL,
slknj:t', bf, ;'vt{] , afFs,] alb{of, s}nfnL / s~rgk'/_ lglb{i6 s[lif pkhxsf]
d"No z[v
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Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{' /x]sf] 5 . of] cfof]hgf @)^% >fj0faf6 ;~rflnt 5 . of]
p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ cfof]hgfaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{x lgDg s'/fdf s]lGb|t x'g5
] g\
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x'g ;xof]u ug{] . ;fy} cfjZos k|ljlw, ;"rgf, ;]jf / ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/sf]
Joj:yfdfkm{t\ ahf/df kxFr
' / s[lif Joj;fo cfa4tfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .
@_ d"No z[v
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;d]t ;d]6L pBf]udf cfwfl/t ;fem]bf/Ltfsf] ljsf; ug{] .
#_ s[lif / vfB Jofkf/df ljBdfg afwf Jojwfg 36fpg] Pj+ s[ifsx / s[lif
Joj;foLxsf] bIftf clej[l4 ub{} cfGtl/s Pj+ cGt/f{li6o ahf/sf] u'0f:t/
cg'ksf] :jR5 / :j:y vfB j:t'xsf] pTkfbg ug{ ;xof]u ug{] .
;Nnf3f/L, dxf/fhuGh , sf7df8f}F
kmf]g M (&&)!$)!&&^%, ofS; M (&&)!$#&#@#^
Email:mail@pact.gov.np,Website:www.pact.gov.np

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n}hfg] /0fgLltdf nfu]sf 5g\ .
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/fi6nfO{ lb3{sflng lgsf; lbgsf

rsf]{ lj/f]w h:tf] u/] tfklg cGtt

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ub{} uO{/x]sf] 5 .
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pk]Iff ub}{ ljb]zL zlQmsf]
cf8df jgfPsf] c;+jl} wlgs
lvn/fh /]UdLsf] ;/sf/n]
jfwf c8sfp cfk"msfp cfb]zsf] e/df ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
ul/ ;]gf kl/rfng u/]/ d+l;/ $ df slyt lgjf{rg u/fpg]
3f]if0ff ul/P klg rf/ bnn] g} ljlwsf] pk]Iff ub}{ ck/flws
k[i7e'ldsf JolQmxnfO{ pDd]bjf/ jgfpg], lgjf{rg
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k|lt:klw{ k|dv
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x'g g;Sg] jftfj/0f t}of/ ug]{ cfzodf cfwfl/t 5 eGg]
cfz+sf /x]sf] 5 .
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k'lt{ ug]{ k|k~r /Rb}5g\ . /fhgLlts
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nflu nf]stflGqs blno Joj:yf,

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cfwf/Lt ljlwsf] zf;gdf sfof{Gjog
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;s]g eGg] s'/f /c sf e"ldsf,
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k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . cnf]stflGqs /
c;} j } w flgs tj/n] zlQm
k[ylss/0fsf] dfGotf ljkl/tsf
s[ofsnfknfO{ sfFu;
]| Pdfn]n] z'?df

kIfLxsf] aw ug{] tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug{] k|jl[ Qdf kl/jtg{ u/f+} .
a8{km\n' h:tf k+IfLhGo /f]uxsf] lgoGq0fdf
;xefuL agf},+
cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{{ klg arfcf}+ .
kG5Lxsf] aw 3/ aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|ft] eGbf 6f9f ug{] u/f}F .
s'v/' f sf6]kl5 e'O{ /fd|f;
] uF kvfNg]k'5g\ ] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}+ .
aw ul/;lsPsf] s'v'/f tyf sfrf] df;'sf] nkk;af6
afnaflnsfxnfO{{ 6f9} /fvf}+ .
df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfv cflbnfO{{ hyfefjL
gkmfnL vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}+ .
s'v/' f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g
kfgLn] /fd|f;
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ksfP/ vfg] u/f}+ .

u/L Ps ltxfO{ pDd]bjf/ lbg kg{]

k|i6 JofVof u/]sf] 5 . pQm Joj:yf
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ljb]zLsf] O{zf/fdf rf/ bnnfO{ xltof/ agfO{ d+l;/ $ df u/fpg
nflu/x]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj alxisf/df k|ToIf ;xefuL x'gsf] nflu
g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf ljb]zl:yt hgjuL{o ;+u7gxaf6 g]kfn lelqg] / ;zQm
alxisf/df ;xefuL x'g] qmd a9]/ uPsf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf k'j{
sDkgL sdf08/ ;d]t /x]sf g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn df]rf{, s'jt] sf dxf;lrj
lbks lji6n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ df]rf{sf ;b:ox ho/fd cfk"mnf/f,
pbL/fd cf]nL s'df/ rkfu', Zofd dx/f nufotsf JolQmx cfcfkm\gf
lhNnfdf vl6O/x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf dxf;lrj afbn;Fu jt{dfg
kl/l:ytLsf] af/]df 5nkmn eO{/x]sf] / cfcfk"mklg rf8} g} d+l;/ $ nfO{
nlIft u/]/ g]kfn kmls{g nfu]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . dfcf]jfbL sfof{no a'4gu/af6
;Dks{df cfPsf g]kfnL hgk|ltzLn df]rf{ o'PO{sf pkfWoIf ;fx; Gof}kfg]n]
u[x lhNnf /;'jfsf] alxisf/ sfo{qmdxdf ;lqmotfk'js
{ ;xeflutf hgfO{
/x]sf] atfP . pgsf] ts{ lyof] lvn/fh /]UdLsf] ;/sf/ cfkm\g} 5fofFbl] v
klg cft+lst eP/ t;{g yfn]sf] 5 h;sf] kl/0ffd ;+s6sfn lj;f{pg] ul/
;]gf kl/rfng u/]/ w/ks8df plqPsf] 5. lhNnf ;+u7g gjnk/f;Ln]
lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ o'PO{ df]rf{sf s]lGb|o ;b:o /fdz/0f s8l/of / od
;f? du/ lhNnf kf6L{;uF hf]l8P/ alxisf/ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO/x]sf
5g\ . ;lxb kl/jf/ tyf g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn df]rf{, o'PO{sf s]lGb|o ;fF:s[lts
ljefusf ;+of]hs dgf]h sfprf klg Pdfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf a'jf nufosf
zlxbxsf] efjgfdfly s'NrL ;+;bLo ef;df 8'a/] lab];Lsf] u'nfd aGb}
b]znfO{ l;lSsdLs/0f ug]{ x]tn
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r'gfjnfO{ Wj+; ug's
{ f] ljsNk gePsf]n] cfcfk"m klg lhNnf kf6L{ kGb]xLsf]
;fydf cleofgdf xf]ldPsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf
l;nl;nfdf stf/df /x]sf e/t e6\6 klg g]skfdfcf]jfbL nufot ##
bnLo df]rf{n] ;'? u/]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj alxisf/df ;lqmo 9+un]
;xefuL x'gs
] f] nflu g]kfn kms]/{ kf]v/faf6 cleofgdf hf]l8;s]sf] atfP .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ hfkfgsf cWoIf tyf g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r, hfkfgsf
;x;lrj cdf]g kf08] nufotsf JolQmx d+l;/ $ df d~rg x'g uO{/x]sf]
gf6s Wj+; ug]{ pT;fxsf ;fy alxisf/ sfo{qmdxdf ;xefuL eO/x]sf]
hfgsf/L d~rsf cWoIf xs{ yfkfn] lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} d~rsf ;Dk'0f{
;b:oxnfO{ ljleGg dfWodxaf6 :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf /x]sf cfkmGt Pj+
Oi6ldqxnfO{ r'gfj jlxisf/sf] kIfdf ;';l' rt / hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{sf]
nflu kl/rfng ul/Psf] atfP .
g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn df]rf{, ;fpbLsf cWoIf ljqmd kf}8]nn] cfd
:jfledfgL tyf b]zeQm g]kfnL gful/sxnfO{ uf]naGb ub}{ ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbsf] u|f08 l8hfOgdf x'g nfu]sf] of] r'gfjn] g]kfnnfO{ ef/tsf]
k'0f{ pklgj]z agfpg] x'bf tkfO{xsf] ef]6 b]z a]Rg] nfO;]G; gagf];\ eg]/
;hu agfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf] atfpb} ;fpbLsf] df]rf{af6 k|ToIf tyf
ck|ToIf kdf w]/} ;fyLx hf]l8Psf] / cem sltko JolQmx lgjf{rg
lj?4sf] cleofgsf nflu g} g]kfn kmls{g nfu]sf] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . ;fy}
cfcfk"m :jo+klg g]kfn hfg] tof/Ldf /x]sf] hgfp lbP . g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn
df]rf{, ax/fOgsf pkfWoIf k~r r]dhf]n] s]lGb|o sf]iffWoIf s[i0f ;'Aaf
nufotsf JolQmx alxisf/ cleofgdf df]/ nufot ljleGg lhNnfdf
hf]l8P/ ;lqmotfk'j{sf nflu/x]sf] atfP . pgn] eg] xfdL cfkm} klg
km];a's, 6\jL6/, kmf]g Od]n nufot ljleGg dfWodxaf6 slyt lgjf{rg
alxisf/sf] cleofgdf ;fd]n 5f} .
g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn df]rf{, o'PO{sf cWoIf /d]z lu/Ln] s]lGb|o ;b:o ljv{
lnDa' nufotsf ;b:ox g]kfn kms{g] tof/Ldf /x]sf]n] pgLx klg rf8}
cleofgdf hf]l8g] atfpg'sf ;fy} /fli6o o'jf hg:jo+;j] s o'PO{sf lbn tfdf
nufotsf o'jfx ;d]t s]xL ;do klxn]bl] v g} cleofgdf hf]l8O/x]sf] hfgsf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . ha/h:tL kdf hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngaf6 cfPsf] d'Vo zlQm
g]skfdfcf]jfbL nufotsf bnxnfO{ k|lqmofaf6 aflx/ /fv]/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
x'g g;Sg] atfpb} k|jf;af6 klg k|rf/k|;f/sf ;fy} k|ToIf kdf ;xefuL x'g]
qmd d+l;/ $ glhlsb} ubf{ a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
xl/ g]kfnL ,o'PO{

cGtl/Ifaf6 k[YjLdf 7"nf] rfg v:g]

sf7df8f} F . j} 1 flgsxn]
cGtl/Ifaf6 lgs} 7"nf] rfg k[YjLdf
v:g] vt/f a9]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
la1fg klqsf g]r/df 5flkPsf] Ps
cWoogcg';f/ ?;sf] SoflaG:sdf o;}
jif{sf] km]ac
'| /Ldf v;]sf] P:6]/f]O8
rfgeGbf lgs} 7"nf] rfg km]l/ k[YjLtkm{
tLj| ultdf cfO/x]sf] aLaL;Ln] hgfPsf]
5 . o;} aif{ SoflaG:sdf v;]sf]
cGtl/Ifsf] rfg laikmf]6 x'bF f k/df0f'
xltof/ laikmf]6 ePeGbf vt/gfs phf{
pTkGg ePsf] lyof] . pSt rfg
SoflaG:s ;x/eGbf ;f9] !* dfOn
6f9f laikmf]6 x'bF f klg 7"nf] Iflt ePsf]
lyof] . ^& xhf/ & ;o lsnf]ld6/

k|l t306fsf] ultdf cGtl/Ifaf6

k[YjLdf v;]sf] rfgsf sf/0f !^ ;o
dflg; 3fOt] ePsf lyP eg] &)
hgfsf] cfFvfsf] Hof]lt s]xL lbgsf]
nflu u'ds
] f] lyof] . pSt 36gfdf xhf/f}F
3/sf ofn9f]sfsf l;;f k'm6]sf]
lyof] . km]l/ k[YjLdf v:g yfn]sf] rfg
o;cl3 v;]sf] rfgeGbf lgs} 7"nf]
/x]sf] j}1flgsxn] atfPsf 5g\ .
pSt rfg k[YjLdf v:bf 7"nf] b/f/
pTkGg x'g;Sg] / dfgj a:tLsf]
5]p5fpdf v;] 7"nf] Iflt x'g;Sg]
a}1flgsxn] r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ .
pSt rfg k[YjLdf cfOk'Ug] ldltaf/]
eg] cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] 5 .

u'uunsf] lel8of] ;]ol/ ;fO6

o'6\o'an] ;g\ @)!$ b]lv cfgf]
;]jfdf z'Ns nfUg] Joj:yf ug{ nfu]sf]
5 . ;+uLt ;b:otf ;]jfdfkm{t\
o'6\o'an] uLt ;'g]sf], lel8of] x]/]sf]
k};f ltg{k' g]{ Joj:yf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .
o'6o\ a' df afgL kl/;s]sfxn] k] u]6
df uP/ qm]l86 sf8{ jf k]kfnaf6
k};f ltg{] l;:6d o'6o\ a' n] agfPsf]
5 . k};f lt/]kl5 k|of]ustf{n] Do'lhs
d]Da/;Lk ;le{;sf] Knfg 5fGg
;Sg]5g\ . k};f lt/]sf u|fxsnfO{
o'6o\ a' n] lj1fkg lagfsf ;fdu|Lsf]
PS;] ; lbg] 5 . tkfOF { ; F u k} ; f

ltg{ ; Sg' x ' G g < lrGtf gug{ x f] ; \

o'6o\ a' n] k};f ltg{ g;Sg]xsf nflu
lj1fkg ;lxtsf ;fdlu| pknAw
u/fpg]5 . o'6\o'asf] of] sbdn] kk
ufos hl:6g laa/sf] nufgL /x]sf]
Do'lhs l:6ld sDkgL :kf]6LkmfOnfO{
c;/ kg]{ atfOPsf] 5 . ;'?df
df]afOn k|of]ustf{sf nflu dfq
NofOg nfu]sf] of] of]hgfdf Ps
dlxgfsf] !) 8n/ kg]{5 . To;sf
nflu o'6\o'an] gofF df]afOn Pksf]
l8hfOg ul//x]sf] 5 . o'6\o'asf ^)
k|ltzt k|of]ustf{ df]Oafndf ePsf]
sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . Ph]G;L

o'6\o'an] z'Ns lng]

/fatOfc t]u $@ sQlfs nf; )&)@

efiff;flxTodf pbok'/sf] rrf{#

gf/L xsclwsf/sf nflu Ps h'6

x'g cfx\jfg u/]sL l5g\ . ;+:s[ltnfO{ ljs[t
t'Nofpg'xG' g eg]/ kljq ;f+:s[lts kIf;Fu
pgL ;/f]sf/ /fVg ?rfpFl5g\ . lzIfsn]
k9fpg] t/ ljBfyL{n] gk9L lbg] h:tf
hLjgsf tLtf cg'ej ;d]t sljtfdf
cfPsf 5g\ . 3/sfnfO{ af; / dfofn'
xft rflxPsf] / jg k;]sfnfO{ 3/ kmsf{pg
df]xgL dGq rflxPsf] s'/f ug{ klg pgL
kl5 k/]sL 5}gg\ . kfl/jfl/s k|;\u,
r'nf]rf}sfsf] lk/nf], n}l\ us lyrf]ldrf]sf]
j]bgfh:tf kIfxn] ;d]t sfJofTds k
kfPsf 5g\ pgsf sljtfdf . o; b];df
>dhLlj eP klg zf]if0fn] r/df]Tsif{tf
k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . sfg'g eP klg 8n/df
las]sf] 5 . kof{Kt 8fS6/, g;{ eP klg
ufpF /f]uL 5 . ls;fgn] xnf] h'6fpg ;s]
klg kmfnL h'6fpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;bfrf/sf]
dGq kf7 eP klg e|i6rf/ df}nfPsf] 5 .
g]tfg]tx[ sf] ;\Vofn] cfsf; 5f]P klg
u'0ffTdstfsf] s;Ldf 3f]6/] x]bf{ Kofh gvfg]
afx'g kfpg'em} b'ne{ ePsf] 5 . d"ntM
b]; ljb];L O;f/f / O/fbfdf rn]sf] 5
cyf{t\ eg;'gdf g} rn]sf] 5 . To;f] eP
klg hLjgsf tLtf cg'ej / /fli6otf,
k|hftGq / ;d[l4sf kIfdf v/f / b/f
efjgf oqtq kfOG5g\ . pgsf cGo
sfJofTds ljz]iftfx x'g\ zflGtsfdL
aGg cfx\jfg, k|hftGqsf] hu alnof]
agfpg jlnbfgL lbg klg kl5 gkg{
cfu|x, lj;\ult jf]w, n}l\ us c;dfgtf
lj?4 j}rfl/s cfjfh, g]kfnL :jfledfgsf]
ufyfufog, z}lIfs hut\sf] ljs[ltk|lt
Jo\Uo, dw]; cfGbf]ngn] pdfg{ vf]hs
] f]
r]tgf k|i] f0f, hgtf hufP dfq g]kfn hfUg]
efjgf k|:t't .
-*_ k'Go sfsL{ -)@&_ sljsf]
5}6f}F OlGb|o lgaGw s[lt k|sfzg ul/;s]sf
k'Go sfsL{sf] csf]{ lgaGw ;\ux| ;femf
k|sfzgaf6 k|sfzg x'g uO/x]sf] 5 .
pgn]] lzIffdf qmflGt -)^&_ /
cf]zf]sf syfx -df6f]sf] lbof]_ gfds
b'O{ s[lt cg'jfb u/]sf 5g\ . af3n] 3fF;
vfof] -)%$_, c;n aG5' -)^#_ /
cf:yfsf] clUgky -)^%_ u/L tLg
sljtf ;\ux| k|sfzg ul/;s]sf k'Go
sfsL{ -)@&_sf sfJofTds ljz]iftfx x'g\
-!_ ;dfhjfbL, oyfy{jfbL wf/fdf snd
rnfpg', -@_ juL{o r]tgfn] cf]tk|ft] eO{
dfS;{jfbL bz{g c+lusf/ ug{,' -#_ lk5l8Psf
ju{sf] d'lQmdfu{ klxNofpg', -$_ hgo'4sf
qmddf b]v,] ef]us
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k|:t't ug{,' -%_ jt{dfgsf] hu alnof]
kf/]/ eljio ;kfg{ vf]Hg', -^_ ;flxTo,
snfaf6 klg ;dfh kfGt/0f u/L gjLg
cWofo yKg ;lsg] ljrf/ /fVg', -&_
hgo'4sf] ;hLj lrq ptfg',{ -*_ /fli6o
:jfledfgnfO{ cfkm\gf] cfbz{k~' h 7fGg', (_ sd/]8x ;'ljwfef]uL geO{ lg:jfyL{
dgn] hg;]jfdf ;dlk{t x'gk' g]{ cfjfh
p7fpg', -!)_ nf]s sNof0fdf zxfbt
x'gx] k|lt >4f / cf:yf vGofpg', -!!_
oyfl:yltjfbL / kZrudgjfbLxsf] emfFsf]
emf/L cu|udgsf] lbzfdf nfUg pS;fpg',
-!@_ /fHocft\ssf] v'n/] eT;{gf ug',{ !#_ /fi6kd]| L / /fi6;w' f/sf] :j/ u'~hfpg',
-!$_ >dhLljxsf] ljho lglZrt /x]sf]
cfzfjfbL ljrf/ k|i] f0f ug{,' -!%_ lgDg
ju{sf] cfjfh a'nGb kfg{,' -!^_ g]kfnLx
aLrsf] cv08 /fli6o Pstf / d]nldnfksf]
k|z;
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pleP/ r]tgf 5g',{ cflb .
cfVofgfTds kmfF6df eg] pgsf]
hLjgofqf gfds pkGof; k|sflzt 5 .
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afnnf]ssyf ;\ux| _ u/L tLg syf ;\ux|
k|sflzt 5g\ . pgL hgo'4sfdLxk|lt
>4fefj k|bz{g ug]{ syfsf/ x'g\ . pgsf
syfsf jf/]df ;flxTosf/ /fdk|;fb 1jfnL
n]V5g\ ax';\Vos zf]liftkLl8tk|ltsf]
uDeL/ rf;f], /fi6 / /fli6otfk|ltsf] uDeL/
;+jb] gzLntf, ;dfhk|ltsf] bfloTj af]w /
k|ultzLn /fhg}lts ;r]tgf syfsf/
sfsL{sf k|d'v ljz]iftf x'g\ . pgsf
syfxn] ;fdGtL;+:sf/, bf;dgf]jl[ Q /
;fdflhs zf]if0fn] nf6f] kfl/Psf dgxdf
ljb|fx] ;~rf/ u5{g,\ c1fgtf / clzIffn]
;' i f' K t dgxdf hfu[ l t e5{ g \ /
dfgjf]ifLxf/f ul/Psf] c;Xo cTofrf/n]
knfog ePsf dgxdf cfF6 / pT;fx
55{g\ .
pgsf cGo cfVofgfTds
ljz]iftfxnfO{ o; k|sf/ ;d]6g\ ;lsG5
-s_ hgo'4sf] ljifoj:t'df s]Gb|Lt, -v_
o'lug oyfy{sf] k|ltlaDjg, -u_ cu|ufdL
kfqdf cfwfl/t, -3_ ljs[t /fhg}lts
v]nk|lt 3f]/ ljt[i0ff, -_ kfqxsf] jfx\o
/ cfGtl/s b'a} hut\sf] lrq0fdf vlKk;,
-r_ cf~rlnstf / :yfgLotfsf] k|efj
u|x0f, -5_ u|fdL0f lgDg / dWod kl/jf/sf]
lrq0f, -h_ cGwljZjf; / l9jfbL
k/Dk/fk|lt ljb|fx] L efjgf, -em_ lj;\ult
/ ljs[ltd"ns kl/j]zk|lt Jo\Uo, -~f_
afndgf]lj1fg / dgf]lj1fgdf cfwfl/t
cleJolSttkm{ lr .
-(_ sf}zn r]dhf] -)@*_ pgsf]
e"t -)%^_ n3'syf ;\ux| k|sflzt 5 .
pgsf cfVofgfTds ljz]iftfx x'g\ -s_
ul/aLsf] lrq0fdf lr, -v_ dfgjtfsf]
kIfdf jsfnt, -u_ ;fdflhs Pstf /
efOrf/fsf] ;DaGw ;'b9[ Ls/0fdf hf]8, -3_

;fdflhs j]dn
] nfO{ d]ndf kl/0ft ug]{ rfx
JoQm, -_ g}ltstf / cfbz{tfsf] :yfkgfdf
hf]8, -r_ u|fdL0f hghLjgef]ufOnfO{ b'?:t
ptfg',{ -5_ ;f+:s[lts ;DklQsf] ;'/Iffdf
s]Gb|Lt x'g cfx\jfg\ -h_ >dk|lt >4fefj
hufpg'kg]{ efjgf cleJoSt, -em_ ;fdflhs
oyfy{nfO{ c\lusf/ ub}{ syf n]vgdf ;lqmo,
-~f_ l;sfkgsf k|z:t cj:yf b]lvg' .
-!)_ slkn 7s'/L -)@(_ pgsf]
Pp6L a]:of / d -)^!_ syf ;\ux|
k|sflzt 5 . lqo'uf hgtf ax'd'vL
SofDk;sf c\uh
]| L ljifosf pkk|fWofks
/ljGb|/fhf zfxL 7s'/Lsf syfsf af/]df
n]Vg'x'G5 7s'/Lsf] syfTds ;dfh
ax'cfoflds 5, ax'kL 5 . oxfF ;dfhsf]
Pp6f rf]O6f dfq 5}g . hLjg ef]ufO Ps}
vfn] klg 5}g . Ps} kf/fsf] oyfy{ 5}g .
pgsf syfxdf g t efiffsf] :jtGq
klxrfg ug]{ lg/y{s nfn;f e]l6G5 g t
ljDa / k|tLsxsf] hyfefjL k|of]u u/]/
kf7snfO{ cgfjZos kn] rdTs[t kfg{
vf]Hg] b'ik|jl[ t g} kfOG5 .
pgsf cfVofgfTds ljz]iftfx x'g\
-s_ of}g dgf]ljZn]if0fdf lr, -v_
hgo'4sfnsf ljifoj:t'sf] p7fg u/L
u[xo'4sf] ;dflKtsf] rfx JoSt, -u_
l9u|:t k/Dk/fk|lt ljdlt k|s6, -3_
dgf]j1} flgs oyfy{sf] lrq0fdf cu|;/, -_
lgDg ju{kl| t >4fefj k|s6 u/L sf?l0fs
lrq0fdf ;kmn, -r_ kfqfg'k plrt
;+jfbsf] ;+of]hg, -5_ gf/Lju{sf] ljjztfsf]
lrq0f, -h_ x8a8df lg0f{o ug]{ / km';b{ df
k5'tfpg] dfgjLo k|jl[ tsf] e08fkmf]/, -em_
u|fdL0f / ;x/Lof b'j} kl/j]zsf] k|of]udf
lr b]vfpg', -~f_ cfnf]sfFrf] efiff /
ckl/kSj efiffz}nL k|of]u, cflb .
-!!_ gGbnfn cfrfo{ -)#)_
pgsf] o' u prfNg] cIf/sdL{ s f]
cj;fg -)^&_ k|sflzt gf6\os[lt xf] .
6'Ss] lbbL / pvfg] bfO -afnPsf\sL
;\u|x_ ;d]t k|];df /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
gf6sPsf\sLsf/ gGbnfn cfrfo{sf
gf6\out ljz]iftfsf jf/]df ;dLIfs
gf6sdf ljljwtfsf] vf]hL zLif{sdf
s[i0f zfx ofqLn] cfrfo{sf] gf6\o s[ltsf
jf/]df eg]sf 5g\ g]kfnL gf6sdf kl5Nnf]
bzsdf b]lvPsf] ;lqmo gfd xf] gGbnfn
cfrfo{ . pgn] gf6s;Fu} sljtf, syf /
lgaGwdf klg snd rnfpFb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
df]km;ndf /xL lg/Gt/ ;flxTo;fwgf
ul//x]sf cfrfo{sf] klxnf] gf6s;\ux| xf]
o'u prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf] cj;fg . o;df
!% j6f ;d;fdlos Psf\sLgf6sx
;\ul| xt 5g\ . gf6sxaf6 yfxf nfU5,
pgL j}rfl/s gf6s n]Vg ?rfpF5g\ . pgL
cfkm"n] b]ve] f]us
] f oyfy{nfO{ gf6sdf 9fNg
;Sg] v'aL /fVb5g\ .
zLif{ gf6s o'u prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf]
cj;fgdf slj s[i0f ;]g OR5'snfO{
Gsfndf /fHon] lbPsf] s7f]/ oftgf /
xTofsf] sxfnLnfUbf] b[ZonfO{ bzf{OPsf] 5 .
o; gf6sdf slj OR5'ssf sljtfx klg
gf6ssf/n] ;fk6L lnPsf 5g\ . tLg b[Zodf
ljeflht o; gf6sn] w]/} j6f P]ltxfl;s
tYox af]ss
] f] 5 . gf6s b]z x/fPsf]
;"rgfdf ;+qmd0fsfnsf] g]kfnsf] b'bz
{ fnfO{
lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . b]z qmdzM lvOFb} /
6'lqmFb} hfg yfn]sf] lrGtfn] u|:t ;"qwf/sf]
jl/kl/ gf6s 3'D5 . oL afx]s ;\ux| leq
kL8f Ps M efsf cg]s / kl/ro gf6sx
klg /fhgLltnfO{ d"n ljifo agfOPsf] 5 .
b'a} gf6sn] ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts a]lyltsf]
d'2f p7fPsf] 5 . kl/rodf eg] gf6ssf/n]
kf7snfO{ k/Dk/fxsf] hfgsf/L lbg vf]Hbf
ljifo /fd|f] x'bF fx'bF } klg gf6ssf] k|:t'lt
lkmtnf] aGg k'us
] f] 5 . o;df gf6sLo
tTj sd 5 .
cfrfo{n] ;fdflhs s'/Llt / ;+:sf/
lj?4 n]lvPsf s]xL gf6sx klg ;\ux| df
;dfj]z 5g\ . s/f/ ljjfx, cfwf d]/f] M
cfwf ltd|f] , h:tf] dlt p:t} ult, gd|
lgj]bg, bfOhf] o:t} vfnsf s]xL gf6s
x'g\ . oL gf6sxdf k|d] , ljjfx, cl:tTj,
O{iof{, cledfg nufotsf ;d:ofxdf
s]lGb|t 5g\ . pgsf s]xL ;fdflhs
gf6sxdf xfF:o / Jo\Uosf] k|of]u ePsf]
b]lvG5 eg] r]tgf clej[l4 / ;'wf/sf
ck]Iffx klg e]l6G5 . n]vsLodf g]kfnL
ljifosf] lzIfssf] gftfn] ljBfnosf]
jflif{sf]T;jdf ljBfyL{xnfO{ gf6s u/fpgsf
nflu sltko gf6sx n]lvPsf] s'/f pNn]v
5 . s]xL gf6sx gf6ssf/ cfkm}n+ ] k|:t't
u/]sf] klg a'lemG5 . o; ;\ux| df k/]sf
clwsf+z gf6sx ljleGg kqklqsfxdf
klxn] g} k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . o;af6
gf6s ljwfdf cfrfo{sf] /fd|} df]x b]lvG5 .
g] k fnL ;flxTodf gf6s ljwfdf
k|lta4tfk"js
{ nfUg] n]vsxsf] sdL 5 .
cem} klg c ljwfsf] t'ngfdf gf6ssf
k':tsx sd} 5flkG5g\ . o; cy{sf pgsf]
pkl:ylt cfzfnfUbf] dfGg ;lsG5 .
gf6s >Jo / b[Zo ljwf xf] . gf6s
k|ljlw;Fu hf]l8Psf] ljifo klg xf] . gf6sdf
;a} s'/f ;+jfbn] dfq JoQm gu/L kfqsf]
xfpmefpm, 36gfqmd / kl/l:yltaf6 klg
ptf/r9fj cfpg'k5{ . o;df clns ljrf/
k'ofPsf] eP j]z x'GYof] . ;du|df o;
;\ux| sf gf6sxdf ;+jfb, efiffz}nL /
ljrf/ ;'Gb/ 5 . ljifo 5gf]6df ljljwtf
\ %@!, sflQs @)^(_
b]lvG5 . -dw'ks{, k"0ff{s
To:t} sfnhoL ;h{ s 3gZofd
9sfnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf]

gGbnfn cfrfo{

dfS;{jfbL ;flxTo /
hgo'4sf] ;f}Gbo{
g f d s
;f}Gbo{zf:q;dfnf]rgf
ljwfsf] u|Gydf v]d
yklnof pgsf jf/]df n]V5g\ gGbnfn
cfrfo{ ;dfhjfbLoyfy{jfbL ;flxlTos
wf/fdf snd rnfpg] ;zQm k|ltef x'g\ .
Tofu / alnbfgsf] pRrQd sLlt{dfgLx
dWo] slj s[i0f ;]g OR5's sf] ;xfbt Ps
kl/36gf xf] . ToxL k| l tlglwd" n s
kl/36gfnfO{ cfrfo{n] gf6sLs/0f u/]sf
5g\ . zf;sk|zfsxsf xhf/f}+ hf]/
h'n'dxsf] lg/Gt/ a]jf:tf ub}{ oxfF
qmflGtsf/Lxsf] ;xL kl/ro lbOPsf] 5 .
oxfF qmlGtsf/Lx ;lt;fn x'G5g\, pgLx
t :kftn] ag]sf dfG5] x'g\ eGg] efj JoQm
ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] ljrf/n]
/fli6o :jfledfgsf] lzv/ r'ds
] f] 5 eg]
qmflGtsf/L cfzfjfbsf] efjnfO{ kl/kfsdf
k'ofOPsf] 5 . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbnfO{ b'Tsfg{;Dd b'Tsfl/Psf] 5 .
af/Daf/ c;kmn k|of; bf]xf]ofO/xg]
k|ltlqmofjfbLsf] d'v0' 8f] p3fl/Psf] o;
gf6sdf ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx d[To'nfO{ ;xif{
:jLsfg{ tof/ x'G5g\ t/ hgtfsf] u2f/
aGg sbflk tof/ x'bF g} g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{
oxfF dd{:kzL{ 9\un] JoQm ePsf] 5 . To:t},
k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{leq klg hgtfnfO{ dfof
ug]x{ /x]sf x'G5g\ clg qmflGtsf/L ju{leq
klg k|ltlqmofjfbL rl/q af]ss
] f dflg;x
x'g ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f klg k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 . ;fy}, hgtfsf] xTof u/]/ k|df];g x'g]
k| l tlqmofjfbL k/Dk/fnfO{ klg oxfF
g\UofOPsf] 5 . cfrfo{sf] o; gf6sn]
Ps bzssf] dxfg\ hgo'4 / To;n] p3f/]sf]
;+;f/sf] gjLg lIflthsf] pb\3f6g tyf
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyLo cfnf]sdf ;lxbL
;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0fdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg
k'ofPsf] tYonfO{ lj;{g ;lsFbg} . -k[=*&%
/ *&^_
pgsf af/]df ;dLIfs /fdljqmd yfkfn]
n]vs
] f 5g\ @)^#@)^^ df l;lh{t /
@)^$@)^& df zAbf\s/' , bfloTj, dw'ks{,
ul/df, ldld{/] / snddf k|sflzt ( cf]6f
/ ck|sflzt ^ cf]6fu/L s"n !% cf]6f
gf6sPsf\sL ;\ux[ Lt ;B k|sflzt o'u
prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf] cj;fg cfrfo{sf]
k|yd k':tsfsf/ s[lt xf] / g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
gf6s ljwfdf pgsf] ;fy{s / ;zQm
pkl:ylt klg xf] . k|yd kfOnf g} pmWj{ufdL
ePsfn] gf6s ljwfdf lognfO{ pbLodfg
k|ltef gegL ;'v} 5}g . klxnf] jfbljjfb
Psf\sLdf ef}ltsjfbL klt / cWofTdjfbL
kTgLaLrsf] ts{ljts{, bf];|f] s/f/
ljjfx df kfFrjif]{ Dofbsf] c:yfoL ljjfx,
t];f| ] bb{ df pk]lIft / kl/Toflut dlxnfsf]
dfld{s kL8f, rf}yf] cfwf d]/f] cfwf
ltd|f] df ;Gtfgn] cfdf / afa' b'ja} f6
;+oQ' m y/ lng] ;dfgtfsf] jsfnt 5 eg]
kfFrf}F h:tf] dlt p:t} ult df klt /
kTgLaLrsf] wg / cfh{gsf] cxd\ 5 .
] f] pNn]Vo / k|ltlglw
k':tss} gfd af]ss
5}6f}F gf6s xf] o'u prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf]
cj;fg . k|ultjfbL slj Pjd\ lgeL{s
kqsf/ s[i0f;]g OR5'snfO{ k'ln; k|zf;gn]
aa{ / oftgfsf;fy ;lxb agfPsf]
x[boljbf/s zAblrq oxfF 5 . tLgcf]6f
b[Zodf ljeQm of] P]ltxfl;s gf6s snd
/ aGb' s aLrsf] sf?l0fs o' 4 xf] /
;]gxTofsf08nfO{ kbf{kmf; ug]{ hgo'4sfnLg
hLjGt b:tfj]h klg xf] . ;ftf}F Psf\sL
kL8f Ps efsf cg]s df u0ftflGqs
cfhsf] g]kfndf klg hgck]Iffdf t';f/fkft
ePsf] s'/f, cf7f}F Pstf df lxdfn, kxf8
/ t/fO{sf] Pstf / ;dembf/Ldf hf]8, gjf}F
gd|
gd| ljgd| df k|d] / ljjfxsf] ;d:ofsf]
;Gt'lnt ;dfwfg, bzf}F gf6s gfd ltd|f]
sfd xfd|f] df af]l8{ :s'nsf] e|i6frf/ /
ljs[ltlj;\ult 5 eg] P3f/f}F kl/jt{g
df kl/jt{gsf] gfddf ufpFdf dfgjLo ;+jb] gf
x/fPsf] w/f;foL ;Gbe{ 5 . o;}u/L afx|fF}
Psf\sL 5n5fd 5fQ] 5 kf6L{ k|ltufdL
tTjxsf] rnv]n b]vfpg] xf:oJo\UofTds
gf6s xf] eg] t]xf| F} bfOhf] df bfOhf]kLl8t
cleefjssf] 6L7nfUbf] -eofjx_ dgf]bzf
5 . rf}wf}F gf6s b]z x/fPsf] ;"rgf
df ;Ldf ldlrPsf], b]z 6'lqmg] ;Defljt
vt/f / ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj k6sk6s
;/]sf] kL8f 5 . kGw|fF} / clGtd gf6s
kl/ro sf !& hgf kfqxn] ;\3Lotfsf]
cf}lrTo k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . x/]s gf6ssf
kfqxn] cfgf] cl:tTj vf]h]sf 5g\
] f
,kl/ro vf]hs
] f 5g\, xs / clwsf/ vf]hs
5g\ . gf6ssf/n] ;dtfd"ns / cu|ufdL
;dfh vf] h ] s f 5g\ . kqklqsf /
k':tsxaf6 ;d;fdlos / hNbfaNbf
s'/fxsf] hfgsf/L lnP/ gf6sPsf\sLsf]
lgdf{0f ePsfn] gf6ssf/ gGbnfn cfrfo{sf]
cWoog, lrGtg / dGygsf] If]q Jofks /
pHofnf] 5 . pvfg, t'Ssf / uxlsnf plQm
/ ;"lQm;lxtsf] sljtfTds efiffn] ;DJffb
hLjGt eP/ gf6s uf9f / k|efjsf/L ePsf
5g\ . cg';Gwfg / cg'ejsf] Jofkstfn]
gf6sx bfz{lgs, jf}l4s / ;fy{s ePsf
5g\ . s'k|yf, s';+:sf/, ljs[lt, kL8f,
lj;\ult / c;dfgtfsf lj4df wfjf
af]Ng] oL gf6\ojf0fLx ljifoj:t'sf] ulx/fOdf
k'Ub} / s'/fsf] h/f] -r'/f]_ kqm]/ cleJolQm

lbg ;kmn 5g\ . gGbnfnsf gf6sdf

afndgf]lj1fg, G, cGt/G, cfqmf]z, u|fdL0f
kl/j]z, 3[0ff, kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0f cflbsf]
afx'Notf kfOG5 . lgDgjuL{o / ;LdfGts[t
kfqxsf] pGd'lQmsf] lgrf]8 5 . kl/jt{gsf]
kIfdf jsfnt ug]{ cfrfo{sf] wf/0ff
gsf/fTds / kfv08 xf]Og, ;sf/fTds /
ljj]s;Ddt kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf ;Gb]z lbg'
/x]sf] 5 . k|To]s gf6ssf] cGTo ;xh, ;'vb
/ /dfOnf] ePsfn] logL ;+ o f] u fGt
gf6ssf/sf kdf plePsf 5g\ . gf6s
kl9;s]kl5 kf7ssf] dgdf ;fgfGbsf] km"n
km'nfpg ;Sg' logsf] gf6\olzNksf] rft'o{
gofF sf]zLL, k"= #&, d\l;/ )^*, k[i7
xf] . -gofF
$$_
cfrfo{sf] 6'Ss] lbbL / pvfg] bfO
-afnPsf\sL ;\u|x, k|];df_ df eg]
afnclwsf/ ;+/If0fdf afnaflnsf g} ;r]t
eP ;dfhsf s'tTjn] 3'8F f 6]Sg jfWo x'g]
s'/f hfx]/ ug]{ cleofg
cleofg, rflxFbfeGbf
crflxFbf s'/fdf nxl;Psfn] ;+;f/ b'Mvk"0f{
ePsf] b]vfpg] ljnf;L ljZj
ljZj, ;+;f/sf
x/]s s'/fn] xfdLnfO{ r]tgf lbg] ePsfn]
u'? g} u'?sf aLrdf xfdL /x]sf] bfz{lgs
r]t lbg] ;fgf u'?x
x, j}1flgs k|ljlw
unt 5}gg\ b'kof]u ug]{ xfd|f] dfgl;stf
g} unt ePsf] b]vfpg] df]jfOnufyf
fOnufyf,
d'ns
' sf] ;jf{u\ L0f lxtsf nflu Psh'6 x'gk' g]{
ljrf/ ;Dk|i] f0f ug]{ /fli6o Pstf
Pstf, sd{n]
;+;f/ ;f3'/F f] kf/] klg dxfg\ sd{af6 cfkm"
clUng'kg]d{ f lgr efjgfsf sf/0fn] xf]rfsf]
xf]r} ePsf] b]vfpg] ;fgf] ;+;f/ / xf]rf
dfG5]x
, sd{n] dfG5] k'Ho x'g] s'/f b]vfpg]
;Lk
;Lk, dfG5]n] cnfO{ ;d]t xF;fP/
cfgGbk"js
{ afFRg ;Sg'k5{ eGg] r]tgf lbg]
6'Ss] lbbL
lbbL, l9u|:t ljrf/n] b'Mvk"0f{ Pj+
c/fhs If0f lgDTofpg] s'/f hfx]/ ug]{
6\jfOn]6 e"t, kl/>d ug]n
{ ] kfl/>lds
kfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f hfx]/ ug]{ pvfg] bfO
u/L hDdf b; afnPsf\sLx ;dflji6
5g\ .
To;} u/L ;flxTosf/ lbn ;fxgLn] pgsf
' sf
gf6ssf/ jf/] eg]sf 5g\ cfrfo{n] d'ns
] f
hNbfaNbf ljifodf Psf+sLgf6s n]vs
5g\ . pgsf k|To]s gf6sdf gofF ljrf/,
gofF efiffz}nL tyf gofF k|of]u 5 . pgsf]
lrGtgdf ulx/fO / cleJolStdf pmhf{ 5 .
pgsf gf6s /f]rs, ljrf/f]Qh
] s, oyfy{k/s,
k| u ltzLn, qmflGtsf/L, lzIffd" n s,
;d:ofd"ns, ;dfwfgd"ns / ;dfhnfO{ gofF
r]tgf lbg] vfnsf 5g\ . pgsf s]xL gf6s
xf:oJo\UofTds 5g\ eg] s]xL gf6s uDeL/
/ bfz{lgs klg 5g\ . pgsf s]xL gf6s
;fdflhs 5g\ eg] s]xL /fhgLlts klg .
pgsf s]xL gf6s dgf]j1} flgs 5g\ eg]
s]xL P]ltxfl;s klg . ;fdfGo ljifonfO{
uDeL/tf / /f]rstfsf ;fydf k|:t't ug'{
pgsf] ljz]if v'aL xf] . n]vsn] olta]nfsf
g]kfnsf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs,
wfld{s, /fhgLlts, hftLo juL{o, If]qLo,
/fli6o cflb ;a} k|sf/sf ;d:ofnfO{ cfkm\gf
gf6ssf ljifoj:t' agfPsf 5g\ . pgn]
gf6sdf ;d:ofsf ;fy} ;dfwfg klg lbPsf
5g\ . pgsf gf6s ;fy{s / af}l4s 5g\ .
cWoog / cg'ejsf] Jofkstf emlNsG5 .
pgsf] k| s fzf] G d' v ul/df syf
;\ux| df ljz]iftM kqfTds syf ;d]l6Psf
5g\ . To;df ;d]l6Psf syfsf cfwf/df
b]lvPsf ljz]iftfx o; k|sf/ 5g\ -s_
lgDg ju{kl| t cg'/fu / zf]ifs ju{kl| t cfqmf];
JoSt, -v_ k|ultzLn r]tgfsf] tLj|tf, -u_
cfzfjfbL b[li6sf]0f JoSt, -3_ ;xL 9\un]
;f+:s[lts kfGt/0fdf hf]8, -_ kfqxsf]
dgf] b zf / ljj;tfsf] lrq0f, -r_
36gfk|wfgeGbf a9L rl/qk|wfg syf n]vgdf
cu|;/, -5_ kfqfg'sn" ;+jfb k|of]udf ;hutf,
-h_ cf~rlnstf / :yfgLotfsf] k|efj u|x0f,
-em_ ;dfhsf] oyfy{ lrq0fdf cu|;/, -~f_
kqfTds z}nL c\lusf/, cflb .
;Kt/Lsf lzjs'df/ ofbj pgsf af/]df
n]V5g\\ pbok'/ lhNnfsf] 7f]lS;nf uflj;,
hxf8fdf lj=;+= @)#) ;fndf hGd]/ d"nt
lzIf0f, kqsfl/tf tyf n]vg sfo{df ;+nUg
;flxTo ;fws gGbnfn cfrfo{ b]vs
] f] n]Vg]
;h{s x'g\ . ljz]if u/L lgaGw, ;dLIff, syf,
sljtf / gf6s ljwfdf snd rnfpg]
cfrfo{sf] snd gf6s / lgaGw ljwfdf
a9L vfl/Psf] kfOG5 . pgL;Fu d]/f] @)$&
;fnb] l vsf] xfn;Ddsf] lgs6tf /
;xsfo{ t fnfO{ d" N of\ s g ubf{ pgL
Jojxfl/skdf nlrnf] afgL ePsf JolQm
x'g\ t/ n]vgsf b[li6n] ;Demf}tf g?rfpg]
;h{s x'g\ . pgL ;kmn JolSt t/ c;kmn
;h{s x'g\ . sf/0f ;fwgfcg'k pgn]
;kmntf kfPsf 5}gg\ . o;df pgsf] dg{
klg grfxg] / dfg{ klg g?rfpg] afgL g}
jfws x'gk' 5{ . cem};Dd bh{gf}+ sljtf, syf,
n3'syf, lgaGw, uhn, gf6sPsf\sL,
;dLIff;dfnf]rgf tof/ kfbf{ klg / /fli6o
cGt//fli6o If]qdf k'u] klg rrf{sf] lzv/df
s'g} /rgf k'us
] f] 5}g\ . cf};t n]vgdf g}
pgL ;Lldt 5g\ . -dem]/L 86 sd_
xf:oJo\Uo kmfF6df ;d]t cfrfo{sf]
snd ltvfl/Fb} uPsf] kfOG5 . xfF:oeGbf
klg Jo\Uo kmfF6df pgsf lgaGwx vfl/Psf]
e]l6G5 . To:t} cfrfo{sf] ;fIffTsf/ gfds
k|sfzgsf] nx/df plePsf] lgaGw ;\ux| df
kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs, ;f+:s[lts
d' 2 fx p7fP/ ;dfwfg;lxtsf]

;flxTol;h{gfdf cu|;/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . pgL

ljz]ift pHofnf] lbgsf] rfxgf / sfdgfnfO{
;fj{hlgs ug{] k|oTg:jk lgaGw n]vgdf
h'6s
] f 5g\ . To;df klg pgn] kqfTds
z}nLnfO{ c\lusf/ u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf
lgaGwdf ljifo p7fg ubf{ klxn] j}olSts
d'2fxsf kdf b]lvg] / ulx/fOdf k'Ubf
gk'Ub} ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf kl/0ft
x'g] k|jl[ t kfOG5 . d"No;lxtsf] ;flxTo
n]vgdf ;lqmo /xg] rfxgf af]ss
] f ;h{s
gGbnfn cfrfo{sf] ;flxTo;+;f/df pkl:ylt
lg/Gt/ eP klg snd vfg{ cem k|oTg
ug'k{ g]{ b]lvG5 . ;flxTo ;+;f/df pgsf]
prfO a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 t/ pNn]vgLo
pknAwL km]nf kfg{ ;lsGg . ;flxTodf l;s]/
g;lsg] cgluGtL s'/fx x'G5g\ . ;flxTo
;d'b| xf] . o;nfO{ l5rf]Ng] ;fdYo{ s;}sf]
5}g . s;}n] 5]p5fp l5rf]Ng ;s]sf xf]nfg\
t/ ulx/fOdf k'u/] df]lt lng ;Sg] eg]
lj/n} 5g\ . o; cy{df cfrfo{ ;flxTosf
OdfGbf/ kf7s aGg ;s]sf 5g\ t/ n]vs
x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgn] k|oTgsf w]/}
;f]kfgx pSng'5 . z}nL kIf vfl/Fb} cfP
klg gjLgtd\ ljifoj:t'sf] cefj v6\lsPsf]
b]lvG5 . n]lvPsf] ;flxTo k'gn]v
{ g u/]/
;flxTosf/ aGg ;lsGg . ;flxTosf/n] t
gn]lvPsf] ;flxTo n]Vg ;Sg'k5{ . l;h{gf
gePsf] s'/f l;h{gf ug{ ;s] dfq Tof]
;h{s aG5 . gq Tof] Ps 9f]u+ afx]s cyf]s
{
x'Gg eGbf cltzof]lSt gxf]nf .
-!@_ s[ i 0f zfx ofqL -)#@_
syfsf/ ofqLsf ;"Id lzvfx -)%^_
/ cf0fljs c:q -)^@_ u/L b'O{ syf
;\ux| k|sfzg ePsf b]lvG5g\ . pgsf gf}
cf]6f afnsyf ;\ux| k|sflzt 5g\ . tL
x'g\ ;x/df 8d?, e"tsf] afF;'/L,
dl;g] d';f] / c syfx, hfb'sf]
6f]kL, ltv]sf] l;, u'G6] u}8F f, ;fyL
e"t, cgf}7f] k'tnL, / r\v] / k\v] .
ljz]if u/L pgL -s_ dfgjLo / dfgj]Q/
kfqxsf] ;kmn ;+of]hg, -v_ lemgf]
cfVofgfTds k|:t'lt, -u_ ;dfhdf JofKt
ljs[lt lj;\ultsf] ;kmn e08fkmf]/, -3_
dfgjLo d"Nox|f;df lrGtfjf]w, -_ n}l\ us
lje]bk|lt /f]if JoSt, -r_ ljZjjGw'Tjsf]
efjgfdf hf]8, -5_ laDa / k|tLssf]
k|of]uaf6 cd"t{ ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;"qfTds Pjd\
;f\s]ltskdf k|of]u, -h_ j}1flgs
lrGtgo'St syf n]vgdf lr, -em_
hgo'4sf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfsf]
lrq0fdf lr, -~f_ ;/n, ;'jf]w efiffz}nLdf
syfTds cleJolSt lbg vlKk;h:tf
syfut ljz]iftfsf ;fy syf n]vgdf
;lqmo 5g\ .
gf6\ o If] q df eg] pgsf ;do
cj;fg -)^!_, dfG5]dfG5]x -)^$_,
km'Rr] /f]af]6 -)^%, afngf6s ;\ux| _,
lxkfsf] rfF } / L -)^%_, lgjf{ l ;t
dgx, hnk/L, v} / ] v:of]
vf]nfdf,s: / cltl/St
cltl/St ofqf u/L
cf7 cf]6f gf6\os[lt k|sfzg ;fy} k|ltlglw
g] k fnL gf6s / k| l tlglw g] k fnL
afngf6s u/L b'O{ gf6\os[lt ;Dkfbg
;d]t u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pgL d~rgof]Uo /
ljljw ljifoj:t' ;d]6]/ sf}t'xnk"0f{
gf6sPsf\sL l;h{gfdf vlKk; 5g\ .
lj1fgljifos pgsf gf6s pTs[ i 6
dflgG5g\ .
-!#_ OGb| yfkf ldng --)#$_
dftflktf g/dfof / 8fsaxfb'/sf ;'kq' sf
kdf lj=;+= @)#$ ;fn r}q #! ut] ljxLaf/
hGd]sf OGb| yfkf ldngsf] )^! ;fndf
OGb|0] fL Kof/f]8L sljtf, sljtf tyf uLt
;\ux| lg:s]sf] 5 . ;f]?\u 5lj;]$,
pbok'/sf afl;Gbf OGb|sf] OGb|]0fL
fLdf
3/jfnLk;njfnL, 7f]s\ g dfbn 7f]s\
nufotsf @! j6f /rgf ;\ux| Lt 5g\ .
ljz]iftM jt{dfgnfO{ Jo\Uo ug{ k'/fgf
l;h{gfsf] hu vf]hs
] f] :ki6 emNsG5 . pgn]
/fhg}lts, z}lIfs, k|zf;lgs, JolQmuth:tf
x/]s lgsfo / If]qsf sdhf]/Lk|lt s7f]/
Jo\Uo u/]sf 5g\
cfP g]tf g]kfndf xfd|f] zf]if0f ub}{
bfp/] k]6 6Gg eb}{ lrNnf] sf/ r9\b} .
-bfp/] k]6 cfO of] d]/L lhGbuLd]_
-!$_ wg'if /fO{ -)#*_ /fO{sf] ;]tf]
x:tfIf/ -)%(_ n3'syf ;\ux| k|sfzg
ePsf] kfOG5 h;df pgn] ;d;fdlos
ljifoj:t'nfO{ 6kSs lbk]/ syfTdsk lbg]
sfd u/]sf 5g\ . cGo ;flxTosf/sf
;jfndf s[ltsf] pknJwtfsf] cefj /
;"rgfsf] sdLn] ;f\uf]kf\uf] cWoog x'g
afFsL 5 . kmf]g, Od]n, km];a's cflb k|ljlwf/f
;"rgf ;\sng ul/Psf] x'bF f o:tf k|ljlw
aflx/sf w]/} ;h{sxnfO{ oxfF ;d]6g\
g;lsPsf] x'g ;S5 . oxfFxsf] /rgfTds
;xof]u kfpFb} uPdf cfufdL lbgdf cem
kl/isf/ x'bF } hfg] s'/fdf ljZj:t x'g cg'/f]w
ub{5' .
pbok'/af6 k|sflzt kqklqsfx
-!_ ;flxlTos If]qsf kqklqsfx
gjkfn'jf --)@@, q}dfl;s_, o'ujf]w
--)$),$!, dfl;s_, lqo'uf af]lN5g\ -)$#, dfl;s_, gofF ljxfgL --)%%,
q}dfl;s_, gjk|ltef --)%&, ;flxlTos
ljz]iff\s_, pbod~h/L --)%(, c4{jflif{s_,
;xofqL --)%^, q}dfl;s_, ;GWof -)^), xjfO q}dfl;s_, ;u'g --)%*,
q}dfl;s_, lqj]0fL --)^), q}dfl;s_,
a;fxfd~h/L --q}dfl;s_, u9L --)%*,
dfl;s_, lqo'ufs] ;g]; --)^#, yf

efiffsf] q}dfl;s_, h+3f/ --)^%, q}dfl;s_,

s6fIf cflb . l;h{gfsf cfnf]sx )^$_ / Ct'/\u -)^&_ gfds ;flxlTos
k':ts ;\slnt /rgfsf kdf k|sfzg
ePsf b]lvG5g\ . lhNnf aflx/ a;]/ pbok'/]
;|i6fxn] k|sfzg / ;Dkfbg u/]sf /
ul//x]sf ;flxlTos klqsfxdf Hof]lt,
k| f ] T ;fxg, clegj, xjfO;+ u d,
u'~hg, j]bgf, Hof]ltk'~h ljho
zAblaDj, lgxfl/sf h:tf klqsfx
k|sfzg ePsf / w]/} h;f] xfn;Dd k|sfzg
eO/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
-@_ cGo ljljw If]qsf kqklqsfx
lqo' u f, lrq0f, pbok' / cfjfh,
pbo, gj pbo, P]h
F
] , gjkfn'jf,
/f}tf 6fOD;, rf}b08L, va/bf/L,
lqo'uf gu/ ;Gb];, lqo'uf ldng
s] G b| , k~rfjtL, lIflth, gj
d~h/L, xfd|f] /fli6o b}lgs, pbok'/
b}lgs, 6+s]nf, k"0f{k'li6, b'/bzL{,
pbok' / bz{ g , gful/s cfx\ j fg,
hg;DaGw, j]u, gofF k"j{ lIflth,
u[ x u' K tr/, ;u/dfyf va/,
pbok' / kf] i 6,xfd| f ] va/, ls/fF t
6fOD;, blnt bk{0f cflb ;dfrf/d"ns
d'vkq :dfl/sfxsf kdf k|sflzt /
k|sfzg eO/x]sf kqklqsf x'g\ . lqo'uf
hgtf ax'dv
' L SofDk;sf c\uh
]| L ljifosf
pkk|fWofks /ljGb|/fhf zfxL k|wfg ;Dkfbs
x'ge' Psf] pbok'/ lhNnfsf] Ps dfq c\uh
]| L
kflIfs klqsf b Go"h kfs{ xfn;Dd klg
k|sfzg eO/x]sf] 5 . pbok'/df :yflkt k':tsfnox
k':tsfnosf] k|frLg k vf]Hg O{=k"=
%%)) df k'Ug'k5{ . ;'dl] /odx df6fsf]
va6fdf lrq agfO{ vK6\ofP/ /fvL eljiodf
cjnf]sg of]Uo agfpFy] . pgLxn] g}
lrqlnkLkl5 So'lgkm{d lnkL ljsf; u/L
#) xhf/ df6fsf va6fdf n]lvPsf
k':tsx e]nf kf/] . g]kfndf eg] lznfn]v,
tfd|kq, ef]hkq cflbsf] ;\ux| af6 k':tsfno
cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] . k[YjLgf/fo0f
zfxn] x:tlnlvt k':tsxsf] ;'/Iffy{
xg'dfg 9f]sf b/af/ k"hfsf]7fdf kl08t
s]bf/gfy emfnfO{ k':tsfno lg/LIfs lgo'Qm
u/]sf] kfOG5 . To:t} lujf{0fo'4 zfxn] k':ts
lrtfO{ txljn gfds k':tsfno vf]ns
] f]
kfOG5 . nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fxn] !(*&**
lt/ vf]ns
] f] k':tsfno /fdrGb| clwsf/Ln]
e]b vf]lNbgfn] aGb]h ul/of] . o; sf08nfO{
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df nfOa|/] L kj{ gfdn]
lrlgG5 . !(*$ df s] z / zDz] / n]
JolStut k| o f] h gsf nflu s] z /
k':tsfno vf]n] . !((# df kz'kltk|tfk
k':tsfno vf]lnof] . To;kl5 dfq )!^
s]Gb|Lo k':tsfno vf]lnPsf] xf] .
;fndf s]
kl5 dbg k'/:sf/ k':tsfno vf]lnof] .
pbok'/ lhNnfdf eg] pbo k':tsfno
--)@@@#, pbok'/ u9Ldf_, hghfu[lt
k':tsfno --)#@, kf6f/df_, clDasf
k':tsfno --)#*, /fdk'/df_, j;Gt
k' : tsfno --)#(, $) ufO{ 3 f6df_,
1fgf] b o ;fj{ h lgs k' : tsfno -)%#, b]p/Ldf_, /f}tf afnk':tsfno -)%^, /f}tfdf_, gf/bd'lg y'n' :d[lt
k' : tsfno --)$*, a;fxf_, s6f/L
;fd'bflos k':tsfno --)%*, s6f/L
ahf/df_, ;+ud ;fd'bflos k':tsfno
--)^$, ufO{3f6df_ cflb k':tsfnox
vf]lnPsf kfOG5g\ . o;sf cltl/St lqo'uf
hgtf ax'dv
' L SofDk; nufot lhNnfsf
ljleGg df= lj= / pRr df=lj= xdf
k':tsfnox vf]lnPsf 5g\ . o:tf
k':tsfnoxn] ;d]t k|ToIf jf k/f]Ifkdf
;flxTosf] ljsf;df cxd\ e"ldsf v]ns
] f
5g\ .
pbok' / df :yflkt ;flxlTos
;+ u 7gx
!= Hof] l ts' ~ h ;flxTo kl/jf/,
s6f/L, @= ;' ; ] n L ;flxTo kl/jf/
s6f/L, #= cgGt ;flxTo ;bg, r'xf8],
$= lqj]0fL ;flxTo kl/ifb\, s6f/L, %=
pbok' / ;flxTo kl/ifb\ , ^= uDeL/
;flxTo k| l ti7fg, pbok' / , &=
cfsfzu\uf ;flxlTos d~r, pbok'/,
*= k| u ltzLn n] v s ;+ 3 cflb o;
cGtu{t pNn]Vo 5g\ . To;} u/L ;u/dfyf
;flxTo kl/ifb\ ;d]t ;u/dfyf c~rndf
;lqmo 5 . ;flxTosf] >Lj[ l 4df oL
;+:yfxn] 7"nf] :yfg cf]u6]sf 5g\
g]kfnL ;dfhn] ;flxTonfO{ cg'Tkfbs
If]qsf kdf x]l/Psf] 5 . s]xL ;h{safx]s
k|foM h;f] n]v/] afFRg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . Ps t
lstfa lsg]/ kl9lbg] kf7s kfpg d'l:sn
5, csf{lt/ k"/} /rgf jf s[lt kl9lbg]
kf7s e]6g\ ' n]vssf nflu uf}/jsf] ljifo
ag]sf] 5 . s]xL Voflt sdfO;s]sf / lasfp
n]vssf lglDt kf7s 5g\, afFRg] cj:yf 5
t/ clwsf+zsf nflu cleJolSt Ifdtf
x'bF fx'bF } klg k|sfzgsf] ;d:of 5 . ;flxTo
hut\df pbfpg] cj;/sf] ;d]t cefj 5 .
kf7ssf] t s'/} k/ hfcf];\ . laxfga]ns
' fsf]
5fs 6fg{ wf}wf} k/]sf] avt ;flxTo k9\g' /
;flxTodf nfUg' Joy{ ;flat x'g] cj:yf
5 . hLljsf]kfh{gaf6 ar]sf] ;do /x/n]
;flxTodf nufgL ug'{ clwsf+zsf] afWotf
xf] . cf};t g]kfnLsf nflu ;flxTo /x/sf]
v]tL 7xl/Psf] 5 .
tk]Zj/L!, uNkml8of, pbok'/,
nandalalacharya@gmail.com

;dfKt

/fatOfc t]u $@ sQlfs nf; )&)@

g]kfn aGb lsg <

xfd|f] O{/fbf b'lgofF abNg] xf] . xfdL

gofF ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5f}+ . To;sf]
hu eg]sf] g]kfnL qmflGt g} xf] . To;sf]
g]tT[ jbfoL c+u g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
cu|b:tf g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;a}eGbf
pRr:t/sf] ;+ u l7t /fhgLlts
cu|b:tf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL
/ o;n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ## bnLo
/fhgLlts df]rf{n] oxL @)&) ;fn
sflt{s @% ut] b]lv d+l;/ % ut];Dd
!) lbgsf nflu g]kfnaGb -cfd

a9fO/x]sf 5g\ / /fli6o :jflwgtfnfO{

;dfKt kf/]/ g]kfnnfO{ gofF l;lSsd
agfpg h;/L Hofg kmfn]/ nfu]sf 5g\
To;sf lj?4 g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] g]tT[ j
u/]sf] ## bnLo /fhgLlts df]rf{n] z'?df
!) lbgsf] dfq g]kfnaGb -cfdx8\tfn_
sf] cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] cjlw
emg} a9\g] jf 36\g] eGg] s'/fsf] lgdf{0f
g] k fn l:yt ;fd| f hojfbL tyf
lj:tf/jfbLxsf bnfnx / ltgsf]
s7k' t nL ;/sf/n] ug] { 5 .

ug'k{ bf{ s] s'/f a'em\g' kg]{ x'G5 eg]

zf;s ju{x lg/+sz
' / tfgfzfx aGb}
uPsf] cj:yfdf zf;s ju{n] ;Qfsf]
cf8df hgtfsf kIfw/ /fhgLlts
zlQmxdfly Jofks s'bl[ i6 nufpg
yfn] eg] cfd hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{
/fhgLlts kf6L{, bn jf zlQmx b]z
/ hgtfsf] af/]df cfjfh p7fpFbf ;Dd
/ ;fdfGo efu / bafa jf jftf{ /
5nkmnsf cfwf/df ;dfwfg ug]{ jf
;d:ofxsf] xn ug]{ h:tf af6f /

x:taxfb'/ s];L
clxn] g]skf dfcf]jfbL / o;n]
g]tT[ j u/]sf] ## bnLo /fhgLlts
df]rf{n] h'g !) lbg] g]kfn aGbsf]
cfXjfg u/]sf] of] PSsf;L ul/Psf]
xf]Og . of] s/La ! 8]9 jif{ klxn]bl] v
cyf{t\ ;fd|fHojfbL /
lj:tf/jfbLxsf] lgb]z
{ g/
l8hfOgdf ltgsf g]kfnL
bnfnxn] klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
cj;fg u/fP/ slyt bf]>f] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] gf}6s
+ L gf6s
d~rg ug{ yfn] kZrft @)^( c;f/df k'gul7{t x'g k'us
] f] g]kfn
dfcf]jfbLn] /fli6o ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf] lglDt uf]nd]r ;ef, /fli6o ;+oQ
' m
;/sf/sf] lgdf{0fsf] dfu ;lxt ;8sdf plqof] . bnfnx o; Ph]08df
gcfP/ @)^( r}q ! ut]sf] h'g k|ltudgsf/L / k|ltqmflGtsf/L sbd
rfNg k'u] To;kl5 kl/l:ylt emg} uDeL/ aGg k'us
] f] ;j{ljlbt} 5 .
c8\tfn_sf] cfXjfg u/]kl5 g]kfnsf]
jt{dfg /fhgLlts lIflthdf Ps
k|sf/sf] xnrn k}bf ePsf] 5 .
;fd|fHojfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbL / ltgsf
g]kfnL bnfnx g]skf dfcf]jfbL /
## bnLo /fhgLlts df]rf{sf lj?4
tyf cfd Gofok|d] L tyf d'lQmsfdL
hgtf, b]zeQm hgjfbL tyf k|ultzLn
/ /fli6 o :jflwgtfsf kIfw/
zlQmxsf lj?4 ^@ xhf/ g]kfnL
;]gfnfO{ jof/]saf6 aflx/ lgsfn]/
b] z JofkL ?kdf kl/rfng u/] /
hgtfnfO{ cft+lst t'Nofpg] 1fg]Gb|
z}nLsf] k'g/fj[lQ ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df
!)!) lbgsf] g]kfn aGbsf] cfXjfg
ul/Psf] of] klxnf] 36gf xf] .
@)^@)^# sf] !( lbg] P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ngsf] k|lqmofdf lg/+s'z
/fhtGqsf lj?4 k'/fgf ;+;bjfbL
/fhgLlts bnxn] @)^@ r}q @$
ut]bl] v @* ut];Dd hDdf % lbgsf
nflu dfq g]kfn aGbsf] cfXjfg u/]sf
lyP . t/ 1fg]Gb| zfxn] g]tT[ j u/]sf]
lg/+sz
' /fhtGqn] g]kfnL hgtfdfly
eLif0f bdgrqm rnfP/ g/;+xf/
dRrfP/ skm\o{' ;d]t hf/L uof] . cfd
;+rf/ / 6]nLkmf]g / OG6/g]6nfO{ ;d]t
k|lt aGb nufP/ l;+uf] g]kfnnfO{
sfn/fqLdf kl/0ft u/fpg k'uk] l5
cfGbf]ngsf/Lxn] cfXjfg u/]sf]
g]kfnaGbsf] qmd a9]/ uPsf] lyof] /
!( lbg] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] @)^#
j}zfv !! ut] lg/+sz
' /fhf 1fg]Gb|
zfxnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf ;fd' 3'8f 6]Sg
afWo t'NofPsf] lyof] . of] P]ltxfl;s
kl/36gf / g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljhosf]
lj/f;tsf] 7"nf] cg'ej xfdLl;t
hLjGt g} 5 .
clxn] klg g]skf dfcfjfbLn]
g]tT[ j u/]sf] ## bnLo /fhgLlts df]rf{n]
;fd|fHojfb tyf lj:tf/jfb / ltgsf
g]kfnL bnfnxn] tyfslyt bf]>f]
;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgsf] gf}6s
+ L gf6s
d~rg u/] / h' g g] k fnnfO{
l;lSsdLs/0fsf] lbzflt/ cufl8

cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmxn] h'g efu

cufl8 ;f/]/ !)!) lbgsf] g]kfn
aGbsf] cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\ tL dfu /
Ph]08fxnfO{ ;dod} k'/f ug]l{ t/
bnfnx / ltgsf] s7k'tnL ;/sf/
' n] lgsf; klg
tof/ eof] eg] d'ns
kfpg] 5 d'ns
' sf] /fhgLlts jftfj/0f
;xh 9+un] cufl8 a9\g] 5 . t/
bnfnxn] 1fg]Gb| z}nLdf bdgsf] gLlt
ckgfP :joQ cft+s dRrfP eg] of]
!) lbgsf] g]kfn aGbsf] cjlw c?
clglZrt sfnsf nflu cl3 a9\g] /
d'ns
' eLif0f u[xo'4sf] k|lqmofaf6 cufl8
a9\g ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xg] 5 . o;sf]
lgjf{/0f klg pg} bnfnx / pgLxsf]
s7k'tnL lvn/fh ;/sf/n] g} ug]{ 5 .
bnfnxn] cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmn] cufl8
;f/]sf hfoh dfu / Ph]08fxnfO{
;+zf]wg u/]/ dfu k'/f ug]{ lbzf tL/
cu|;/ eP/ hgtfsf] aLrdf cfP/,
;]kmNof08 x'g] ls 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] af6f]
eP/ ktgsf] vfn6lt/ hfg] eGg] s'/fsf]
lgwf{/0f klg bnfnxs} lqmofsnfk /
Jojxf/n] dfq ug]5
{ .
bnfnxsf] cfkm\gf] b]z klg x'bF g} .
bnfnxl;t hgtf klg x'bF g} g\ . s]an
bnfnxn] t cfkm\gf dflnsxn]
cx|fPsf] / v6gkg u/fPsf] sfd dfq}
ug]{ ub}5
{ g\ . lsgls bnfnx c/f}6] /
e/f}6s
] f] bhf{ leq kb{5g\ . o;f] eP/
bnfnxsf] b]z / hgtf k|lt s'g}
dfof klg x'bF g} , s'g} lhDd]jf/l klg
x'bF g} . To;f] eP/ g]kfnaGbn] s] kl/0ffd
NofP5 < clxn] g} cg'dfgsf] e/df
lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsb}g .
hxfF ;Dd g]kfnaGb eg]sf] s] xf] <
g]kfn aGb lsg ul/b} 5 < o;nfO{
g]kfnL hgtfn] s'g 9+un] x]b5
{ g\ eGg]
s'/f 5, of] Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg xf] .
o;sf] hjfkm klg ;xL / j}1flgs tyf
j:t'jfbL x'g h?/L 5 . g]kfn aGb
eg]sf] Ps /fhgLlts sfo{qmd aGb,
x8tfnn] hgtfsf] lbg b}Tosf] sfd /
Jojxf/nfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ ePtf klg
of] hgtfsf] cfkm\g} sfo{qmd xf] . g]kfn
aGb jf cGo aGbsf] ;Gbe{df s'/f

k4lt tyf pkfox nTofP/ Ps

nf}6L 9+un] cufl8 a9\g] cf6 ug]{ dfq}
xf]Og hgbdgsf] lglDt ;d]t lg/+sz
' ,
tfgfzfxL / kmf;LjfbL rl/q k|bz{g
ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf lj?4, kl/jt{gsf
lj?4 v8f x'g k'Uof] eg] Tolta]nf
ljleGg cfGbf]ng, lj/f]wnfO{ klg ;Fu;Fu}
cufl8 a9fpFb} l;Fu} b]z g} aGb u/fP/
;fzs ju{ / ;Qfwfl/xnfO{ cfGbf]ngs}
dfWodaf6 hgtf;Lt em'Sg afWo]
t'Nofpg / dfu k"/f u/]/ d'ns
' sf]
lgsf; lgsfNg] / TolQ;Dd klg ug{
tof/ gePdf l;Fu} zf;s ju{ /
;Qfwf/L ju{nfO{ hgtfsf] v'nf anaf6
;QfRo" t u/] / hgtfsf] OR5f
adf]lhdsf] cyf{t\ cfGbf]ngsf/L kIfn]
cufl8 ;f/]sf nIo p2]Zox k"/f
u/fpg] p2]Zosf ;fy aGb -cfdx8\tfn_
sf] cfXjfg ul/G5 .
clxn] g]skf dfcf]jfbL / o;n]
g]tT[ j u/]sf] ## bnLo /fhgLlts
df]rf{n] h'g !) lbg] g]kfn aGbsf]
cfXjfg u/]sf] of] PSsf;L ul/Psf]
xf]Og . of] s/La ! 8]9 jif{ klxn]bl] v
cyf{t\ ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbLxsf]
lgb]z
{ g / l8hfOgdf ltgsf g]kfnL
bnfnxn] klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
cj;fg u/fP/ slyt bf]>f] ;+ljwfg
;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] gf}6s
+ L gf6s d~rg
ug{ yfn] kZrft @)^( c;f/df
k'gul7{t x'g k'us
] f] g]kfn dfcf]jfbLn]
/fli6o ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf] lglDt uf]nd]r
;ef, /fli6o ;+oQ' m ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0fsf]
dfu ;lxt ;8sdf plqof] . bnfnx
o; Ph]08df gcfP/ @)^( r}q !
ut] s f] h' g k| l tudgsf/L /
k|ltqmflGtsf/L sbd rfNg k'u] To;kl5
kl/l:ylt emg} uDeL/ aGg k'us
] f]
;j{ljlbt} 5 . o;n] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf]
g]tT[ jdf ## bnLo /fhgLlts df]rf{ aGg]
kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f uof] .
To;kl5 ;fd|fHojfbL tyf
lj:tf/jfbLxsf] lgb]z
{ g / l8hfOgdf
h;/L t;/L klg d+;L/ $ ut] g} slyt
lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug}k{ 5{ eGg] zlQm hf]
Pdfcf]jfbL sfFu;] | Pdfn] / dw]zL df]rf{sf]

rf/ bnLo l;l08s]6 ;d]tsf] kZrufdL

Pp6f lsQf aGg k'Uof] eg] oyfl:yltdf
j}bl] zs zlQmxsf] u|f08 l8hfOgdf
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] slyt lgjf{rg ug{
x'bF g} , uf]nd]r ;eff/f /fli6o ;xdlt
lgdf{0f u/]/ dfq cufl8 a9\g' kb{5
eGg] bf]>f] lsQf hf] cu|ufdL lsQf lgdf{0f
x'g k'Uof] .
## bnLo /fhgLlts df]rf{n] ;8s
cfGbf]ng ubf{;Dd klg oyfl:yltjfbL
tyf kZrufdL lsQf tof/ gePkl5
g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] P]ltxfl;s
kf]v/f a}7saf6 slyt lgjf{rgnfO{
;zQm / ;lqmo alxisf/ ug]{ lg0f{o
uof] . bnfnx;Ltsf] jftf{sf] 9f]sf
v'Nnf /fVof] . jftf{af6 bnfnx cfkm\gf
dxfk|ex' /sf] lgb]z
{ gn] lgsfz lbg tof/
ePgg\ a? g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng u/]/}
ePklg g]sk dfcf]jfbLnfO{ bdg u/]/
l;WofP/} eP klg slyt lgjf{rg ;DkGg
ug]{ lg0f{odf k'u] / @)&) sflt{s #
ut]bl] v ^!(*) hgf g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{
Jof/]saf6 aflx/ lgsfn] b]zJofkL ?kdf
g]kfnL hgtfsf lj?4 kl/rfng ul/Psf]
kl5 g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6sf] /Iffy{ g]skf
dfcf]jfbL / o;n] g]tT[ j u/]sf] ## bnLo
/fhgLlts df]rf{ oxL sflt{s @% ut]bl] v
d+;L/ % ut];Dd hDdf !0 lbgsf] nfdf]
g]kfn aGbsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ afWo ePsf]
xf] .
d'ns
' nfO{ l;lSsdLs/0f ug{sf nflu
g]kfnL ;]gf ;d]t kl/rfng u/]/
d'n'snfO{ u[xo'4 agfpg], g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ t;f{P/ dgf]j1} flgs 8/, qf;,
k}bf ug]{ cft+lst kfg]{ if8\oGqdf j}bl] zs
zlQmxsf] lgb]z
{ gdf bnfnx Hofg
kmfn]/ cufl8 a9]kl5 vf; ul/ b]znfO{
;bfsf nflu Gaf6 hf]ufpg, g]kfnnfO{
l;lSsdLs/0f x'gaf6 arfpg, j}bl] zs
zlQmxsf] l/df]6 sG6fn] Wj:t kfg{,
kmfF;LjfbL tfgfzfxxsf] Jojxf/nfO{
Wj:t kfg{, :jflwg / :jtGq /fHo lgdf{0f
ug{, ljb]zL x:tIf]kaf6 b]z / hgtfnfO{
d'Qm ug{, ef/tLo Ph]06xn] to u/]sf]
b]z a]Rg] nfO;]G; lng] of]hgf vf/]h
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k|zf;lgs bdg, w/ks8, em'f d'2f
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hgtfsf] Ho" wgsf] ;'/Iff ug{, b]zeQm
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lj:tf/jfbLxsf] pS;fx6df nfu]sf
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c? clglZrt aGg] lglZrt 5 . / ?;L
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g]kfnL qmflGtsf] k"j{ a]nfdf eLif0f u[xo'4
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{ gdf tyf pgLxs}
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bf]hn{ ] ] :jtGq l;lSsdnfO{ ef/tdf ufeL
lbP/ cfkm\gf] OdfGbf/ gfs]/ / akmfbf/
rfs/sf] st{Jo k"/f u/]sf] lyof] .
clxn] g]kfn l:yt ;fd|fHojfb /
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ul//x]sf 5g\ / o; lgjf{rgnfO{ h;/L

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hgtfsf] ;fy / tfst x'bF g} . s]an
pgLx ;fd| f HojfbL tyf
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eQf vfP/ hLjg u'hf/f u/]sf x'G5g\ .
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lj:tf/jfbLxsf et'jf gf]s/ klg eGg]
ul/G5 .
clxn] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
dfcf]jfbL / p;n] g]tT[ j u/]sf] ##
bnLo /fhgLlts df]rf{ o; slyt
lgjf{ r gsf ljkIfd 5 . slyt
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ug]{ lg0f{o / 3f]if0ffsf ;fy ;8s
cfGbf] n g rsf{ p F b } cfPsf] o;
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hgtf slxNo} klg d'ns
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a? axfb'l/k"0f{ 9+un] OdfGbf/ eP/
eLif0f /fli6o o'4 n8\g tof/ x'G5g\ /
n8\b} klg cfPsf 5g\ .
b]zeQm, /fi6jfbL hgjfbL tyf
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slyt lgjf{rgdf efu lng] 5}gg\ /
;zQm / ;lqmon] ?kn] alx:sf/ u/]/
cfkm\gf] :jfledfgnfO{ arfO{ /fVg] 5g\ .
g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] h'g P]ltxfl;s
kf]v/f a}7saf6 slyt lgjf{rgnfO{
;zQm / ;lqmo ?kdf alxisf/ u/]/
wj:t} kfg]{ bnfnxnfO{ gf]emf/ kfg]{
lg0f{o u/]kZrft ## bnLo /fhgLlts
of]hgfn] klg o;nfO{ cfTd;fy uof] /
;8s ;+3if{nfO{ c? rsf{pg] lg0f{o u/]
Jofks hgtfsf] cfsif{0f o; alxisf/
k|lt a9\b} uof] . g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] 3f]i] f0ff
u/]sf] slyt lgjf{rgsf] alxisf/sf]
;d:of / :jb]zdf dfq} xf]Og ;+;f/d}
km}lng k'Uof] . o;n] ;fd|fHojfbL tyf
lj:tf/jfbLxsf] SofDkdf ( /]S6/
:s] n sf] e' s Dk uof] . o;af6
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tLgsf g]kfnL bnfnx g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{
b]zJofkL ?kdf kl/rfng u/]/} ePklg
slyt lgjf{rg u/fOP/} 5f]8\g]
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dfcf]jbLxsf lj?4, b]zeQm, hgjfbL,
u0ftGqjfbL tyf k|ultzLn hgtf /
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kl/rfng ug{ k'u] . To;df ;z:q,
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nfv ;'/Iff kmf}h g]kfnL hgtfsf lj?4,
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bnfnxn] afx]s slyt lgjf{rgsf
kIfw/ /fhgLlts zlQmxn] / cfd
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bnfnxn] rnfO/x]sf 5g\ .
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6fpsf]sf] d'No tf]Sg]x / 6fpsf]
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bnnxsf] dgf] a n a9] s f] 5 .
pgLxnfO{ g]kfnL hgtf lj?4, g]kfnL
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ePsf] 5 .
hlt;'s} km't{ nufPklg hlt;'s}
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hgtfsf aLrdf xf/ :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf
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bnfnx g]kfnsf] sfg"g k9fpg] /
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to;af6 u7g ul/Psf] slyt ;+ljwfg
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;+ljwfg agfO{ 5f8\g] 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfn]
cfkm\gf] qmflGtsf/L Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0f ul/
5f8\g] 5g\ . To;}n] bnfnxn] s'g} klg
xfntdf slyt lgjf{rg u/fpg ;Sg]
5}g . slyt ;+ljwfg klg agfpg ;Sg]
5g\ . lsgeg] bnfnxsf] cfkm\gf] eGg]
b]z klg x'bF g} / cfkm\gf] eGg' hgtf klg
x'bF g} . b]z / hgtf ;d]t gePsfn] s]
sf] lgjf{rg gu/fpg] / s] sf] ;+ljwfg
agfpg] . bnfnxsf cfkm\gf dflns /
dxfk|ex' /sf] ;]jf rfs/L ug]{ / ;]jf ug]{
afx]s csf]{ st{Jo x'g] 5}g / x'bF g} klg .
lo dfly pNn]lvt ;d:ofxs]f ;dfwfg
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ul/Psf] xf] .

/fatOfc t]u $@ sQlfs nf; )&)@

al;/x]sf 5g\ . pgLxn] ljxLaf/
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u/]sf x'g\ . ;dfg sfdsf nflu
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cfGtl/s dfldnfdf cGt/f{ l i6 o
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x:tIf] k tyf s' 6 gLlts dof{ b f
ljk/Ltsf cleJolStx glbg xfdL
;+o'St /fi6 ;+3 h:tf] ;Ddflgt
cGt/f{li6o ;+:yf;Fu xflb{s cg'/f]w
ub{5f}F . -%_ a[l6z uf]vf{sf e"k"
;}lgsxn] ;]jf;'ljwfsf nflu
rnfO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
;dy{g / P]Soa4tf 5 . ;fy}, pSt
dfuxnfO{ cljnDa ;Daf]wg ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 oyfzL3| s'6gLlts
kxnsf nflu xfdL dfu ub{5f}F .

/fHosf] = ===

cl:y/ c;kmn /fi6 aGg] vt/f

b]lvg] x'bF f of] kl/kf6L pko'Qm xFb' g}
eGg] nfU5 . -@_ hgtfjf6 lgjf{lrt
k|wfgdGqL / ;+;bjf6 lgjf{lrt
cfn+sfl/s /fi6klt M of] kl/kf6L
kdf k|ultzLn b]lvPklg ;f/df
hfbf emg ;d:ofu|:t b]lvG5 .
g]kfnh:tf] jlu{o ;d:ox xn
geO;s]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf o;n]
b'O{ j6f zlQms]Gb| / cg]sf} pks]Gb|
lgdf{0f ug]{5g\ . ;fdGtL clehflto
ju{, bnfn tyf k"Flhklt ju{sf]
s]Gb|sf] /fi6klt / dWod, lgDg
k"lF hklt tyf dtbftf hgtfsf] s]Gb|
k|wfgdGqL h:tf] b]lvg uO{ k|wfgdGqL
/ /fi6 k ltaLr zlQm ;+ 3 if{
a9fpg] 5 . ;fy} ;] g f, k| x /L /
Jo"/f]qm];Lsf] sdf08 elTsg uO{ cg]sf}
zlQm s]Gb| aGg] hfg] vt/fnfO{
gh/cGbfh ug{ ;lsb} g . -#_
hgtfaf6 lgjf{ l rt sfo{ s f/L
/fi6 k lt / ;+ ; baf6 lgjf{ l rt
cfn+sfl/s k|wfgdGqL M of] kl/kf6Ldf
/fHosf] zf;lso zlQm /fi6kltdf
/xg] / k|wfgdGqL ;fdGo k|zf;lgs
sfd ug]{ dfq x'G5g\ . /fi6klt d'Vo
x'Fbf ;/sf/ t l:yt/ x'G5 t/
k|wfgdGqLdf vf; clwsf/ gx'g'n]
p;nfO{ lxgtfaf]wsf] cg'e"lt x'g
;S5 . h;n] l7s kl/0fd Nofpb}g .
t;y{ lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/L /fi6klt
cGt/ut ;/sf/ ;+rfng x'g] x'Fbf
k|wfgdGqL cfjZos 5}g . g]kfndf
jfdkGyLxsf] af]naf]nf ePsf] x'Fbf
g]kfnL sf+u;
]| nufot s]xL /fhgLlts
zlQmn] tfgfzfxL x'G5 klg eg]sf
klg 5g\ . t/, s'g} /fi6klt tfgfzfxL
eof] eg] hgtfn] csf]{ lgjf{rgdf
7]ufg nufpg ;S5g\, 8/ dfGg'kg]{
5}g . s]xL kl/dfh{g ;lxt g]kfndf
of] ljlw pko'\Qm x'G5 .

u_ Gofonosf] af/] d f M
GofononfO{ hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfn]
cg' u dg / d" N of+ s g ug] { ul/
k'gM;+/rgf ubf{ :jtGq Gofonosf]
dd{ dfl;G5 eGg] klg 5g\ . t/,
:jtGqtfsf] gfddf Gofono hgtfsf]
kx'Fr eGbf aflx/, Gofolw;x hlt
uNtL / e|i6frf/ u/]klg s;}n] 5'g
g;Sg] k/d]Zj/ h:tf clg Gofonon]
hlxn] klg wlgdfgL ju{s} lxt ug]{
k'/fgf] kl/kf6L s;/L cGTo ug]{ ax;
x'g'k5{ ls k|b}g < xf] cg'udg /
d"Nof+sgsf] gfddf cbfnt s'g}
kf6L{sf] sfof{no h:tf agfOg' x'bg} .
dfly pNn]lvt s'gk} lg d'4fdf
/fi6o ;xdlt aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ljgf
;xdlt x'g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgn]
s] kl/l0ftL Nofpnf < km]/L l3gnfUbf]
;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] v]n 5b}5 .
b]zsf] d'Vo /fhgLlts zlQm g]skf
dfcf] j fbL nufot ## bn of]
lgjf{rgsf] k|lqmof eGbf aflx/ 5g\ .
olb of] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg agfof]
eg] k lg Tof] /fhgLlts zlQmn]
;+ljwfgnfO{ cfkgf]Tj u|x0f ug'{sf]
;6\6f hnfpg] lglZrt k|ofM 5 . s'/f
Tolt dfq xf]Og, g]kfn cgfjZos
j} b ] l zs rnv] n / x:tIf] k n]
lynf]lynf] k/]sf] 5 . oxfFsf rf/
kf6L{x ltgsf g]tfxn] cfkm\gf]
lg0f{o Ifdtf u'dfO{;s]sf 5g\ . nfU5
pgLx s7k'tnL x'g / k|e'sf]
Oz/fdf gfrL/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnnfO{
gofF ;+:s/0fsf] l;lSdLs/0fsf] tkm{
n}hfg lj:tf/jfbLxsf] of]hgf
cGt/ut ug{ nfu]sf] lgjf{rgsf]
gf}6s
+ LnfO{ /fi6jfbLxn] :jLsf/ ug{
;Sb}gg\ . lgjf{rg cfkm}df c;n jf
v/fa x'Fb}g . kl/l:yltn] c;n jf
v/fa agfpg] ub{5 . o;af6 c;n
kl/l:yltdf hgtf :jtGq / clwsf/
aGg] u5{g eg] v/fa kl/l:yltdf
aGws / bf; aGg] vt/f klg Tolts}
x'G5 . clxn]sf] lgjf{rgaf6 d'VotM
b'O{ j6f kl/0fd cfpg] vt/f 5 .
klxnf] M ljBfdfg b]zsf ;d:ofx
;dfwfg gx'g] tyf u[xo'4sf] vt/f
/ bf];f| ] j}bl] zs x:tIf]k a9]/ g]kfnL
hgtfx gofF bf;Qfsf] r/0fdf k|jz
]
x' g ] . b] z df ePsf u0ftflGqs,
/fi6jfbL / hgjfbL zlQmxsf]
Pstfa4 k|;fon] dfq} of] vt/fnfO{
ca;/df kl/0ft ug[ ;Sb5g\ .
/fi6jfbL zlQmxn] ;Qf sAhf jf
tSt kntsf] ljsNk 5}g . ;Dk"0f{
/fi6jfbLxn] Ps k6s ;f]Rg] ls <
-n] v s M /fli6 o sd{ r f/L
;+u7gsf cWoIf x'g ._

Dofgkfj/sf]
= ===
ljefun] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] tLg dlxg]

k|ult ljj/0fdf Ps nfv g]kfnL

sfdsf] vf]hLdf ljb]lzPsf 5g\ . rfn'
cfly{s jif{ c;f]h;Dd (& xhf/ !
;o *) g]kfnL ljb]z k'us
] f x'g\ .
tYof+scg';f/ ;fpgdf $% xhf/ #
;o (&, ebf} @$ xhf/ ! ;o @$ /
c;f] h df @& xhf/ @( g] k fnL
ljb]lzPsf 5g\ . tLdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L
dn]l;of uPsf 5g\ . ToxfF dfq @#
xhf/ ! ;o @& hgf uPsf 5g\ .
To:t} stf/df !$ xhf/ @ ;o @*,
;fpbL c/a & xhf/ &#, ;+o'St
c/a Old/]6\; -o'PO{_ ^ xhf/ $
;o *, s'at] @ xhf/ * ;o *!,
blIf0f sf]l/of ! xhf/ @ ;o #@,
ax/fOg ^ ;o *^ / cf]dfgdf #
;o &$ hgf uPsf 5g\ . k'gM >d
:jLs[lt lng]sf] ;+Vof @% xhf/ %
;o ^# 5 . o;}aLr, Dofgkfj/
Ph]G;L / ltgsf Ph]G6n] /f]huf/Lsf
nflu dn]l;of tyf vf8L d'ns
' hfg]
o'jfnfO{ b}lgs #! nfv k}ofFeGbf
a9L 7Ug] u/] s f] kfOPsf] 5 .
tYof+scg';f/ Dofgkfj/ / Ph]G6n]
sfdbf/;F u a9L /sd c;' N g] ,
gSsnL ;Demf}tfkq agfpg] / :jb]z
tyf ljb]zdf cnkq kf/]/ 7uL ug{]
u/]sf x'g\ . rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf]
# dlxgfdf g]kfnL sfdbf/n] @*
s/f]8 !* nfv @ xhf/ # ;o $&
k} o fF a/fa/sf] 7uL ePsf]
bfaL;lxt Dofgkfj/ Ph]G6lj?4
ph'/L bfo/ u/]sf 5g\ . tLg dlxgfsf]
cjlwnfO{ () lbg dfGbf b}lgs 7uL
#! nfv #! xhf/ ! ;o #& k}ofF

x'g cfpF5 . ljb]lzg] o'jfn] ;fx";Fu

dxFuf] Aofhdf C0f lng] / 3/hUuf
laqmL u/]/ Dofgkfj/, Ph]G6nfO{ lbg]
/sd h'6fpg] u5{g\ . j}bl] zs /f]huf/
ljefusf cg';f/ JolStut -Ph]G6_
n] @@ s/f]8 ^^ nfv ^& xhf/ *
;o %( / ;+:yfut -Dofgkfj/_
tkm{af6 % s/f]8 %! nfv #$ xhf/
$ ;o ** k}ofF 7uL ePsf] 5 .
7uL ug{]df Ph]G6 @ ;o &) /
Dofgkfj/tkm{ # ;o %@ 5g\ .
To;dWo]df ljefun] %! Ph]G6af6 #
s/f]8 $( nfv ** xhf/ / %(
Dofgkfj/af6 # s/f]8 * nfv *@
xhf/ k}ofF c;'n u/L sfdbf/nfO{
lkmtf{ u/]sf] 5 . $) hgflj?4 *
s/f] 8 @% nfv k} o fF bfaL
/sd;lxt j} b ] l zs /f] h uf/
GofofwLs/0fdf d'2f bfo/ ePsf] 5 .
ljefusf lgb{]zs lbj; cfrfo{n]
sfdbf/nfO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;]jf
;'ljwf glbg], cnkq kfg]{ / a9L
/sd c;'Ng] u/]sf] eGb} Dofgkfj/
Ph]G;L / Ph]G6lj?4 ph'/L kg]{ u/]sf]
hfgsf/L lbP . ph'/Lsf cfwf/df
Dofgkfj/ Ph] G ;L / Ph] G 6nfO{
sfdbf/sf] /sd lkmtf{ ug{] kxn
u5f{}+, pgn] yk], 7"n} 7uL eP
sf/afxL klg u5f}{+ . Dofgkfj/
Ph]G;Laf6 ePsf] 7uLdf sfdbf/n]
;lhn};uF lkmtf{ kfpg ;S5g\ lsgls
Dofgkfj/sf] w/f}6L /sd x'G5, glbP
ToxLFaf6 sf x'G5, lgb]z
{ s cfrfo{n]
eg], ufpFsf Ph]G6 btf{ gx'g] ePsfn]
/sd c;'Ng ;d:of kg]{ u5{ .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf b'O{ kIfaLr ePsf]
cfly{ s n] g b] g ;d] t j} b ] l zs
/f]huf/Ldf 7uLsf kdf ph'/L k/]sf
sf/0f klg ph'/Lsf] rfk a9L ePsf]
ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . 3/hUuf
sf/f]af/, 9's'6L / sG;N6];Lsf] klg
j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf gfddf ph'/L ug{]
ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{ kIf ldn]/ j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] egL /sd lbP,
lnPsf] sfuh agfpF5g\, pgn] eg],
sfuh agfPkl5 ljefun] cg';Gwfg
ug{ kl/xfN5 . ljefun] kLl8t
kIfaf6 d'2f nb\g] ePsfn] j}bl] zs
/f]huf/L;DaGwL sfuh agfpg] rng
a9]sf] xf] .

t]agfpg]
; | f ] =sfd
=== u5{ dGqfnosf k|jStf

bLks lwtfnn] eg] . x/]s jif{ x'gk' g]{

;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng g]kfnsf cfg}
cfGtl/s dfdnf / cGo If]qLo
sf/0fn] b'O{ jif{bl] v x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
;Dd]ng u/fpg lglDt o;cl3 w]/}
k6s sfplG;nsf] a}7s /fVg] sf]l;;
eO;s]sf] 5 . ut ;]K6]Da/ clGtd
;ftf /fi6;3+ dxf;efsf qmddf ;fs{
ljb]z dGqLxsf] cgf}krfl/s a}7s
Go" o f] s { d f x' F b f lzv/ ;Dd] n g
cfof]hgfs} ljifod} 5nkmn s]lGb|t
ePsf] lyof] . g]kfns} cfGtl/s
l:ylt cg'sn
' aGb} cfPsf] kl/k|I] fdf
dfnlbE;n] km]ac
'| /L !&!( sf nflu
sfplG;n a}7s k|:tfj u/]sf] xf] .
g]kfn, dfnlbE; / e'6fgn] of]
k|:tfjdf lnlvt ;xdlt hgfO;s]sf
5g\ . ;a} ;b:o /fi6n] ;xdlt
hgfO;s]kl5 dfq k|:tfljt ldltdf
a}7s x'G5 . g]kfnn] t];f| ] k6s lzv/
;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .
o; k6s ;Dd]ng cfof]hgfsf nflu
dGqfnon] Ps txsf] tof/L
ul/;s] s f] 5 . ;Dd] n g bf} / fg
cfjZos kg{] ;jf/L ;fwg, :yn
Joj:yfkgnufotsf ljifodf u[xsfo{
u/L To; lglDt ah]6 k|:tfj;d]t
tof/ eO;s] s f] clwsf/Lx
atfpF5g\ . ljlzi6 cltlyxsf
nflu em08} b'O{ bh{g lnDaf]lhg uf8L
vl/bsf lglDt cy{dGqfnodf k|:tfj
k7fO;lsPsf] 5 .

k|lnPsf
x /L====
lyP . lhNnf ag clws[t
O{Zj/rGb| uf}tdn] laxfg sl/a $
ah]sf] ;dodf ; ! t #!@% gDa/sf]
6\ofS6/df nf]8 u/]/ SofDkb]lv Ps
lsnf] l d6/ 6f9f ;] t Lvf] n f
k'ofO;s]sf] cj:yfdf :yfgLon] e]6/]
lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] atfP . ag
clws[t uf}tdn] 5fgljgkl5 oyfy{
s'/f hfgsf/L x'g] eP klg xfnnfO{
;'/Iffsf nflu ;z:qnfO{ lhDdf

clwsf/sf
===
clwsf/sf===
;}lgs ;okqL dfnf nfP/ cg;gdf

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

ljB't\ vl/b ;xdltkl5 lghL If]qdf pT;fx

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] lghL If]qn] lgdf{0f ug{nfu]sf] b'O{
dxTjk"0f{cfof]hgf;Fu ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf -lklkP_ ug{ ;}4flGts ;xdlt hgfPkl5
lghL If]q pT;flxt ePsf] 5 . :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbs ;+3 -Okfg_ n] k|flws/0fsf]
kl5Nnf] lg0f{on] lghL If]q pT;flxt ePsf] hgfpFb} ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltIffdf /x]sf c?
cfof]hgf;Fu klg tTsfn k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . k|flws/0f ;~rfng
;ldltn] ut ;ftf b'O{ cfof]hgf;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ ;}4flGts ;xdlt hgfPsf]
lyof] . k|flws/0fn] tNnf] ;f]n' *@ d]ufjf6 / d]jf vf]nf %) d]ufjf6sf k|at{sx;Fu
ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{] ;xdlt hgfPsf] Okfgsf cWoIf 8f ;'j0f{bf; >]i7n]
hfgsf/L lbP . Okfgsf cWoIf >]i7n] nfdf] ;dob]lv ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltIff ul//x]sf
dflyNnf] ;f]n' @#=% d]ufjf6, dfof vf]nf !% d]ufjf6, l;+u6L !^ d]ufjf6, vf/]vf]nf
@$ d]ufjf6sf] klg k|flws/0fn] rfF8} k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] ljZjf; JoSt u/] .
k|flws/0fn] tNnf] ;f]n' / d]jf vf]nfsf k|at{sx;Fu %% k|ltzt cd]l/sL 8n/ /
$% k|ltzt g]kfnL k}ofFdf vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{] ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . tL b'j}
cfof]hgfaf6 pTkflbt lah'nLsf] $% k|ltzt jiff{sfndf ?= $=*) k};f / lxpFbdf
*=$) k};f k|lto'lg6df vl/b ug{] 5 eg] afFsL %% k|ltzt %=! ;]G6df vl/b ug{
;}4flGts ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . tNnf] ;f]n' P:;]n lSng, ;f]n' xfO8f] kfj/n] lgdf{0f
ug{] nfu]sf] xf] eg] d]jf o'gfO6]8, d]jf vf]nf xfO8f] kfj/n] lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . b'j}
cfof]hgfdf j}bl] zs nufgL x'g5] . tL cfof]hgfsf] s"n nfut ?= #@ ca{ /x]sf] 5 .
tNnf] ;f]nd' f hd{g / g]b/Nof08n] ?= !) ca{ ljQLo ;xof]u ug{] o; cl3 g}
hgfO;s]sf] 5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf x'g g;Sbf ;g\ @)!% ;Dd
;Sg] nIo /flvPsf] eP klg tL b'Oj{ 6} cfof]hgf ;g\ @)!* ;Dd k'Ug] ePsf] 5 .
;'k/ l;S; gfd lbOPsf tL cfof]hgfdWo] b'Oj{ 6fsf] vl/b ug{] ljifodf ;Demf}tf eP
klg cGo cfof]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf s]xL lbg leq} k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] cfZjf;g
k|flws/0fn] lbPsf] cWoIf >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP . lghL If]qn] ;/sf/;Fu Eof6
5'6nufotsf] ljifodf klg dfu ub}{ cfPsf] eP klg To; ljifodf eg] s'g} lg0f{o eg]
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] k6s ePsf] ;xdltdf k|at{sxn] k|ltcfof]hgf ?= $%
s/f]8 clu|d /fh:j a'emfpg] ePsf 5g\ . lghL If]q k|ltd]ufjf6 ?= Ps s/f]8sf
b/n] /fh:j a'emfpg / cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf cfPsf] tLg dlxgfkl5 ;/sf/n] ;f]
/fh:j lkmtf{ ug{k' g'{ c8fgdf /x]sf] ;d]t >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP .

kmf:66ofs lgdf{0f cnkq

sf7df8f}F . /fhwfgLnfO{ t/fO{;uF hf]8g\ ] b|t" dfu{ kmf:66ofs lgdf{0f ug{] tLgj6}
ef/tLo lgdf{0f sDkgL k|lqmofaf6 aflxl/Pkl5 cnkq k/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf agfpg
dg;fokq a'em]sf tLgj6} ef/tLo lgdf{0f sDkgL nufgL gp7\g] cfFsng ub}{
aflxl/P kl5 /fli6o uf}/jsf] cfof]hgf agfpg] ljsNk tof/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
dGqfnon] s] ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5}g, k"jf{wf/ lgdf0f{ tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnosf
;x;lrj dfwjs'df/ sfsL{n] eg] . Ps va{ k}ofF nfut cg'dfg ul/Psf] pSt
cfof]hgf cufl8 a9fpg]af/] ltxf/kl5 ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn ug{]
tof/L 5 . @)^^ sflQsdf ;'? ePsf] of] ;8ssf] 6ofs g]kfnL ;]gfn] vf]ln;s]sf]
5 . kfFr jif{cl3 yflnPsf] of] kl/of]hgfdf ;/sf/n] Ps ca{ ^$ s/f]8 k}ofF
6ofs vGg / d'cAhfdf vr{ ul/;s]sf] 5 . of] ;8s lgdf{0f eP sf7df8f},F
nlntk'/, dsjfgk'/ / af/fnfO{ hf]8g\ ] 5 . l;d/fdf lgdf{0f x'g] cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:ynnfO{ hf]8g\ ] cfwf/sf kdf x]l/Psf] pSt ;8ssf] sf7df8f}dF f ;'? laGb'af/]
eg] xfn;Dd 6'u+ f] nfu]sf] 5}g . sf7df8f}+ t/fO{dw]; kmf:66ofs lgdf{0f kl/of]hgfn]
sf7df8f}s
+ f] aNv' jf nlntk'/sf] vf]sgfdWo] Pp6f If]q ;'? laGb' x'g] eg]sf] 5 . pSt
;8s ;~rfngdf cfP sl/a %) nfv nfeflGjt x'g] k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;DefJotf
cWoogn] /fHosf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ vr{df sdL cfpg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] ;8sdf
/fhwfgLaf6 lghu9sf] ofqf 8]9 306fdf k'Ug] cfFsng ul/Psf] 5 . t/ kl/of]hgf
lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf 5flgPsf ef/tLo sDkgL l/nfoG; OGkmf:6Sr/, nf;{ PG8 6af]{ /
OGkmf:6Sr/ lnlh PG8 kmfOgflG;on ;le{; -cfO{Pn PG8 PkmP;_ clGtd r/0fdf
lgdf{0f gug]{ eGb} aflxl/Pkl5 of] kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f clglZrt ag]sf] xf] . cfzokq
vl/b u/]sf tLg sDkgLxn] clGtddf ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} klg kq ga'emfO{ aflxPsf
lyP . cfzokq gk/]kl5 c;f]hsf] klxnf] ;ftf o; kl/of]hgfsf k|dv
' cgGt
cfrfo{n] dGqL 5lj/fh kGt / ;lrj t'n;Lk|;fb l;6f}nfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf
lyP . of] ;8s lgdf{0fdf OR5's sDkgLn] nufgL p7fpg g;Sg] cfFsng ub}{ lgdf{0f
k|lqmofaf6 aflxl/Psf] atfPsf 5g\ .
lbOPsf] sf7 cfk"mxnfO{ vj/} gu/L /0faxfb'/ vqLn] s]xL o:tf] q'l6x x'g
cGoq nfg vf]hs
] f] kfOPsfn] o;df ;Sg] atfP . pgn] yfkfh:t} cGosf]
lgot v/fa b] l vPsf] atfP . klg o:tf] x'g;Sg] atfpFb} lgjf{rg
;b/d'sfdl:yt ;z:qsf] lqo'uf cfof]un] Pp6fnfO{ dfq} dfGotf lbg]
u'Ndsf k|dv
' gfoa pk/LIfs ljdn atfP . kmf]6f];lxtsf] dtbftf gfdfjnL
>]i7n] eg] @)^( c;f/ @@ ut] btf{sf qmddf bf]xf]/f] gfd ePsf ;a}nfO{
;z:qs} u:tL 6f]nLn] kqmfp u/L x6fP/ lgjf{rg cfof]udf k7fPsf] lhNnf
;'/Iffsf nflu /fv]sf] sf7 Onfsf lgjf{rg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . t/,
jg sfof{no ;'Gb/k'/nfO{ a'emfpg lgjf{rg cfof]un] km]l/ ?h' u/]/ k7fP
lxF8fPsf] cj:yfdf :yfgLon] e]6]/ klg Pp6}sf] gfddf b'Oj{ 6f dtbftf
cj/f]w u/]sf] a];SofDkaf6 hfx]/L gfdfjnL e]l6Pkl5 dtbftfxn] eg]
cfPsf] atfP .
cfZro{ AoSt u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnf lgjf{rg
sfof{nodf k7fPsf] kmf]6f];lxtsf]
gfdfjnLdf o; k6s klxnf]k6s gfd
gfddf b'Oj{ 6f kmf]6f];lxtsf] kl/ro bf]xf]l/Psf] e]l6P klg cGosf] klg
k7fPsf] xf] . elSt gd'gf pRr dflj bf]xf]l/Psf] x'g;Sg] lgjf{rg sfof{non]
afn'g] dtbfg s]Gb|sf nflu k7fPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
kmf]6f];lxtsf] dtbftf kl/rokqdf
yfkfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf qmd;+Vof,
dtbftf gDa/, gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] afws x'g5
] , h;sf] ;a}eGbf a9L
gDa/ / cfdfsf] gfd km/s /x]sf] a]kmfObf jt{dfg ;/sf/, rf/ bnnfO{ g}
5 .lgjf{rg cfof]un] qmd;+Vof # ;o x'g5] , To;sf/0f klg of] lgjf{rg /f]lsG5
&^ / # ;o && /fv]/ Pp6} AolStsf] eGg] /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsxsf] 7DofO{
b'Oj{ 6f kmf]6f];lxtsf] dtbftf gfdfjnL 5 . o;}aLr, Pdfcf]jfbLsf k|r08,
lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no ndh'df g]sfFsf ;'zLn sf]O/fnf, Pdfn]sf emngfy
k7fPsf] xf] . lgjf{rg cfof]un] k7fPsf] vgfn / dw]zL dfrf{sf ljho uR5bf/n]
yfkfsf] Pp6f kl/rokqdf gful/stf ;d]t g]skfdfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf
gDa/ $%)!^()!#&* / cs{df ;dfj]z ug'k{ g]{ cleJolQmx lbg yfn]sf
$%)!^()!#&$ pNn]v 5 . 5g\ . o;af6 klg s] k|:6 x'G5 eg] oL
gful/stf eg] ndh' lhNnfdf hf/L rf/ bnsf g]tfxnfO{ klg yfxf 5 ls
ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o:t} cfdfsf] gfd dfcf]jfbLnufotsf bnnfO{ aflx/ /fv]/
Pp6fdf lji0f'sd' f/L / csf]d{ f lji0f'dfof lgjf{rg ;kmn x'bF g} / dfcf]jfbLsf]
/x]sf] 5 . kmf]6f];lxtsf] kl/ro kqdf ;xeflutflagfsf] lgjf{rg lg/y{s 5 .
/flvPsf] ZofdZj]t t:jL/ eg] Pp6} oL tdfd ljifoxnfO{ lgofn]/ x]bf{
JolStsf] eP klg km/s 5 . t/, b'j} cfufdL d+l;/ $ df lgjf{rg gx'g] kSsf
kl/rokqdf hGdldlt eg] Pp6} ePsf] /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsxsf] wf/0ff
/flvPsf] 5 . lhNnf lgjf{rg clwsf/L /x]sf] 5 .

Pp6} = ===

cGttM====

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