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Li ni u ........................................................................................................................................... 2
Phn 1: CC BI VI!T " T#AO $%I KINH N&HI'M ()* V+T ,- ................. .
A.1. &I/I THI'0 M1T S2 BI T+P PH3N T4NH $I'N C5 TH6 &I7I B8N& PH9:N&
PHP (;N& CC $<NH ,0+T B7O TON .............................................................................. .
A.2. M1T S2 KI!N TH=C N>N& CAO V? C: HC V+T #@N ......................................... A
Phn 2: BI T+P C: HC THEO CHB $? ........................................................................... CD
ChE FG 1: CHng " CHng IJKL " NMng NOPng .......................................................................... CD
ChE FG 2: ,Qc hKR STn. VU LVnh .................................................................................................. DC
ChE FG .: CWc FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ................................................................................................ A1
ChE FG ]: T^nh h_c ............................................................................................................................... A`
Phn .: $? THI (O CC T#9aN& $? N&H< ...............................................................b]
$G 1: TrOcng THPT chJden Lfnh H\ &Vang .......................................................................... b]
$G 2: TrOcng THPT chJden Lfnh ,gng Shn .......................................................................... bA
$G .: TrOcng THPT chJden Lfnh Shn ,a ............................................................................. 1i1
$G ]: TrOcng THPT chJden Lfnh V^nh Phjc ..................................................................... 1iA
$G C: TrOcng THPT chJden Lfnh Cao Bkng ....................................................................... 111
Phn ]: $? O,*MPIC T#)I Hl H;N& V9:N& ,mN TH= NnM ............. 11C
1
Soo on VIETMATHS.COM " TrJng Lpm gVWo Sqc LrQc LJdrn VIETMATHS.COM
KINH TON HC www.VIETMATHS.com
Li ni u
Khoa h_c mJHn m\Js Lrt LJU Zao gVc cung FOPc FWnh gVW v Lm cao nhKL. BvV Lrt LJU
chtnh N\ c[m hwng cEa Nxng Fam mes nhVUL hJdrL y\ IQ Iz chVa. Trong VYL N{ h|n F} N\ N^nh
yQc m\ IQ LhWch Lhwc y~V Lrt LJU nhpn NogV n}V chJng y\ nhng nh\ VYL N{ n} rVeng chwa FQng
nhVGJ chHng gaV nhKL. $Vm NgV nhng nh\ hoa h_c cho F}ng g}R nhVGJ nhKLs [nh hOvng
nhVGJ nhKLs nV LVrng nhKL hHng Lh LhVrJ nhng nh\ yYL N{ LhVen L\V L c cht Vm. Cho S N\
LhVen L\V had y^ FgVs hoc mL nh\ yYL N{ y~V mL cWV Wo Ih mV Znh LhOcng FV Lren Rhs had
LhYm cht N\ mL gVWo yVen yYL N{ F}ng yaV Lrx nhO mL Lh\d LJ gV[ng yYL N{ cho cWc h_c IVnh
cEa mnh Lh h_ FGJ c} chJng mL Fc FVm nVGm yJV hV FOPc N\m yYL N{s IQ Iz chVa cWc {
LhOvng m\ h_ gR Rh[V y\ hhn Lhr N\ LKL c[ h_ FGJ Lr[V Ja mL LhcV h_c IVnh nhO chtnh cWc
h_c IVnh cEa chjng La yYd. TKL c[ h_ tL had nhVGJ F Lng LrMn Lrv yG mL yKn FG n\o F}s cho
S ngpd Lhh Frn y^ FgVs FVen r Frn N\m ngOcV hWc Rh[V RhWL cWJs had Fhn gV[n chf N\ nhng
yKn FGs Z\V LoWn v mwc F Rh LhHng m\ hHng Rh[V Njc n\o cpJ Lr[ NcV cung N\ Lho[ FWng.
Khoa h_c n}V chJng hnh Lh\nh Lren ch Iv cEa IQ Iz chVa cWc { LOvngs nVGm yJV cEa
mL { LOvng m~Vs mL hta cgnh m~V FOPc RhWL hVUn. VYL N{ cung yYds v m_V cKR F LKL c[
chjng La FGJ F Lgo ra nhng Ipn chhV cho rVeng mnh. &V~V hgn Lrong cWc hogL Fng cEa yYL N{
Rh LhHngs chjng La F c} cWc cJc LhV v cKR LrOcngs cKR Lfnh Lh\nh Rhs cKR Jc gVas hJ
yQc y\ Jc Lr. Chjng La F c} nhng n NQc rKL N~n Lren con FOcng Lm Frn nVGm Fam mes y\
ht RhWch cEa mL ngOcV deJ yYL N{ cEa chtnh chjng La Zkng cWch Lgo ra cWc cJc gVao NOJ
Zkng hJ. &Vao NOJ cWc LrOcng Rh LhHng Lrong Lfnh gVao NOJ cEa cWc h_c IVnh chJden cWc
Lfnh y~V nhaJ had gVao NOJ cEa cWc LrOcng Rh LhHng Lrong y\ ngo\V nO~c SO~V nhVGJ Len g_V
hWc nhaJ y\ nhVGJ hnh Lhwc gVao NOJ na. TKL c[ FGJ hogL Fng Lren ch Iv IVrL chL Lnh Fo\n
rLs n~V rng yxng Lads y\ chVa Iz cWc { LOvngs Vnh nghVUm Lrong h_c LYR y\ NV Ing. Trong
hJpn h cEa TrgV h Hng VOhng chjng La F c gng rKL nhVGJ Lrong SJd Lr y\ RhWL hJd
Ltnh Ltch cQc mang Lren mnh cWc { nghâ F}.
&}R Rhn N\m cho cWc hogL Fng gVao NOJ cWc LrOcng THPT chJden LrJng SJs mVGn njV
Rhta Bc { nghâs Fa Sgngs y\ Rhong Rhj hhn. TrgV H Vn ZVen LYR mL I cWc Z\V yVrLs FG LhV
cEa cWc LWc gV[s cWc LrOcng chJden cEa cWc Lfnh Lh\nh mL LYR K drJ TrgV h Hng VOhng Nn
Lhw IWJ 2i1i. $} LhQc IQ N\ nhng F}ng g}R Lpm hJdrLs IQ Iz chVa mang Ltnh cng Fng m\
ZKL ngOcV deJ VYL N{ n}V rVengs hoa h_c n}V chJng n\o cung Fng { N\ cn LhVrL. N} LhQc
IQ cung N\ L\V NVUJ Lham h[o LhVrL LhQc cho h_c IVnh n}V chJngs nhng ngOcV deJ y\ mJn Lm
hVJ IpJ hhn yG yYL N{ Rh LhHng n}V rVeng. K drJ I cxn hJ tch hhn nrJ c} Lhem nhng Z\V
yVrL F}ng g}R yG cWc hogL Fng Zen NG y\ nhng Vnh nghVUm chVa Iz Lrong gV[ng Sgd. Mong
mJn n\d Vn S\nh NgV cho LYR Ian v cWc Nn IaJ.
H Ni thng 7/2010
BAN BIN TP
2
Phn 1: CC !I "I#T $ T%&' (I )INH NGHIM *+Y ",T L-
&.1 &I/I THI'0 M1T S2 BI T+P PH3N T4NH $I'N
C/ TH0 GI1I 2NG PH34NG PHP *5NG CC 6NH LU,T 1' T'!N
Th.S Bi Tun Long
Trng THPT chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th
(Bi vit c s dng !t s" t #i$u c%& '(ng nghi$)*
I. 78 9:n ;:
$Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n nMng NOPng N\ mL Lrong nhng FXnh NJYL Fjng Fn nhKL cEa
yYL N{ h_c m\ cho Frn nad cWc nh\ hoa h_c yTn LhKd n} Fjng Lrong nhng FVGJ VUn
ngL ngho nhKL Lrong Rhxng Lht nghVUm.
VVUc WR Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n nMng NOPng Lrong nhVGJ nhVGJ Z\V LoWn Rhwc LgR
y\ nhVGJ hVUn LOPng LQ nhVen N\m cho yKn FG Lrv nen Fhn gV[n hhn rKL nhVGJ.
SaJ Fpd LHV Vn gV~V LhVUJ cng Fng nghVUR mL I Z\V LoWn L^nh FVUn c} Lh gV[V
Zkng RhOhng RhWR Sng cWc FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n.
II. M<8 => ?@i 8ABn BC DEnF:
@i 8ABn 1:
$VUn Ltch FOPc Rhpn Z FGJ Lren mL mL cJ Vm NogV rn LJdUL FV y~V ZWn
tnh #. Hd Wc FXnh NQc LWc Sqng Nen mL Fhn yX SVUn Ltch cEa mL F} L Rhta FVUn
Ltch cxn NgV.
GiGi:
Thoo FVGJ VUn mL cJ rn LJdUL FV nen ZWn tnh LhQc cEa n} hHng Lh Lhad
FV. TJd nhVen chjng La hd LOvng LOPng rkng So NQc Fd cEa cWc FVUn Ltch cng SKJs
ZWn tnh mL cJ LMng Nen chjL tLs cq Lh N\ mL NOPng yH cng nh #. ML cJ Ltch
FVUn c} Ltnh chKL cEa mL Lq FVUn " n} gV ngJden FVUn Ltch m\ ngOcV La LrJdGn cho n}.
$VUn Lhr cEa mL cJ NVen hU y~V FVUn Ltch cEa n} ZvV hU Lhwc:
+
,
V
i
]
. ML hWcs
Lhoo FXnh nghâ FVUn SJng La c} V Cs IJd ra C ]
i
#. NMng NOPng cEa Lq FVUn
n\d
2
2C
2
`
i
#. NhO yYd hV LMng ZWn tnh mL cJs nMng NOPng n\d
gV[m mL NOPng:
"
` ` `
i
2
i
2
i
2
+ + +
+ ,
+ +
,
+
,

Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n nMng NOPngs F ZVrn LhVen nMng NOPng n\d Zkng cHng
Lo\n Rhn A So NQc Fd L^nh FVUn gVa cWc drJ L rVeng r cEa mL cJ LhQc hVUn. &_V
N\ NQc LWc Sqng Nen mL Fhn yX SVUn Ltchs La c}: A .]#
2
.#. (o F}:
.]#
2
.#
`
i
2
+ + +
+ ,

+
. T Fpd NOJ { rkng #. #s La Ltnh FOPc:
.

]
i
2
2
.2 +
,

@i H:
HaV yYL c} tch LhO~c nhs hV NOPng m
1
y\ m
2
s mang cWc FVUn Ltch cng SKJ
1
y\
2
nkm cWch nhaJ mL ho[ng a Lrong chpn hHng. Hd Ltnh cHng cEa NQc FVUn
LrOcng hV Lh[ Fng LhcV c[ haV FVUn Ltch cho chjng LQ So chJdn Fng. L LrOcng hPR
cWc hV NOPng Zkng nhaJ y\ LrOcng hPR cWc hV NOPng hHng Zkng nhaJ.
GiGi:
a Trng h-) .h"i #-ng c/c h0t 12ng nh&u3
(o NQc LOhng LWc nhO nhaJs gVa Lc cWc hgL nhO nhaJ. Chjng Fng LhcV FOPc Lh[
ras nen cWc FVUn Ltch NJHn FV wng Ja hV Lpm chJngs nMm chtnh gVa Fogn a Zan
FJ.
&_V N\ cWc ho[ng cWch Lwc LhcV L mV FVUn Ltch Frn hV Lpm. CHng SXch
chJdn mV FVUn Ltch FV ra Frn yH cng Zkng:
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
i i i 2 2 2
1
] 2 1D `
& & &
4 4 4 4 4 4 d5
6 7d5
5 5 &

_

,

SJd ra cHng Lo\n Rhn cEa NQc FVUn LrOcng hV cho c[ haV FVUn Ltch Fng LhcV chJdn
Fng ra a yH cng Zkng:
1 2
1 2 1
i
2
]
4 4
6 6 6 6
&
+
!* Trng h-) c/c .h"i #-ng
8
9
:
.h/c nh&u3
KhV F} gVa Lc cEa haV yYL N\ hWc nhaJ. TJd nhVen Lhoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n hV
Lpm:
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2
2 1 2 1 2
m m
5
5 5 5 5 5 #

+ +
+ +
y\
1
2
1 2
5 #

+
.
y~V N \ ho[ng cWch Lwc LhcV gVa haV FVUn Ltch.
&_V ho[ng cWch Zan FJ L hV Lpm Frn cWc FVUn Ltch N\ a
1
y\ a
2
s La c} cHng SXch
chJdn FVUn Ltch
1
ra a yH cng Zkng:
1
1 2 2 1 2 2
1 1 1 2
i 1 2 i 1 2
1
] ]
& &
4 4 4 4 d#
6 7d5
# &

+ +

TOhng LQ cHng cho FVUn Ltch
2
:
1 2 1
2
i 1 2
1
]
4 4
6
&
+
Thr nMng LOhng LWc Zan FJ gVa haV FVUn Ltch FOPc chJdn ho\n Lo\n Lh\nh
cHng cEa haV FVUn Ltch ra a yH cng:
]
1 2
1 2
i
1
]
t
4 4
6 6
&
+
NhYn L: S cho mL had c[ haV FVUn Ltch cEa hU SXch chJdn ra a yH cng Lh
cHng cEa NQc FVUn LrOcng cung chf Zkng Lhr nMng cEa mL FVUn Ltch n\d Lrong FVUn
LrOcng cEa mL FVUn Ltch Va hV chjng cWch nhaJ mL ho[ng r.
@i I:
ML LKm c} hkng I FVUn mHV . nkm gVa haV Z[n cEa mL Lq FVUn Rh|ngs
choWn hrL Lh Ltch cEa Lq FVUn. Tq FVUn FOPc mc y\o mL ngJn c}
IJKL FVUn Fng 0 1iiV Ja mL FVUn Lrv. SaJ F} LKm FOPc Fd ra
hV Lq FVUn LhYL nhanhs Frn mwc FVUn Ltch Lren Lq FVUn chOa XR ZVrn
LhVen.
HV Rhn nMng NOPng Lo[ ra Lrong mgch IaJ F} SO~V Sgng nhVUL
Zkng Zao nhVeJ BVrL FVUn SJng cEa Lq FVUn hV chOa c} FVUn mHV Na C
i
1ii.
GiGi:
KhV ya FWnh ZYL LKm FVUn mHV ra hV Lq FVUns FVUn SJng cEa Lq FVUn cxn Zkng
C
i
s nhOng FVUn Ltch Lren Lq yT N\
1
CE
C
i
0. (o F} nMng NOPng cEa Lq FVUn ngad
IaJ hV FVUn mHV ZX FWnh ZYL Zkng:
2 2 2
i i
1
i

2 2
; < ; <
;

SaJ F} FVUn Ltch cEa Lq cxn NgV:
2
C
i
0 F Rh hPR y~V FVUn SJng m~Vs nen c} mL
FVUn NOPng
1
"
2
chgd Ja ngJn ngOPc chVGJ NQc Ngs So F} ngJn LVeJ Lhq mL
cHng:
2
1 2 i
. 1 6 4< 4 4 < ; <
Fng LhcV nMng NOPngcEa Lq FVUn chf cxn Zkng:
2
i
2
2
; <
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n nMng NOPng La LhJ FOPc nhVUL NOPng Lo[ ra Lren mgch IaJ
hV Fd LKm FVUn mHV ra ngo\V:
2 2 2 2
2 i i
1 2 i
1 1
1 2
2 2
; < ; <
, 6 ; < =

M<8 => ?@i 8JC KhBL:
@i M:
ML Lq FVUn Rh|ng c} haV Z[n Lq Zkng Vm NogV SVUn Ltch Ss FVUn mHV hHng ht.
Ttch FVUn cho Lq ZvV hVUJ FVUn Lhr 0. Ttnh NQc hjL gVa haV Z[n Lq
GNi O FiGi:
Bi t>/n ny chng t& /) dng nh 1i t>/n 8?
Ttnh nMng NOPng Zan FJ cEa Lq .
C
&V[ I o haV Z[n Lq ra a nhaJ mL ho[ng rKL nh
Ttnh nMng NOPng cEa Lq hV F SXnh chJdn mL Fogn nh . $ chenh
NUch nMng NOPng v haV yX Lrt " chtnh Zkng cHng SXnh chJdn haV
Z[n Lq ra a nhaJ mL ho[ng y\ Zkng cHng c[n cEa NQc hjL gVa haV Z[n Lq.
T cWc rL J[ Lren La Ltnh FOPc: .
@i P:
ML LKm Fng S\d Z FOPc FOa y\o mL Lq Rh|ng c} SVUn Ltch
Z[n N\ S. ChVGJ S\d LKm Fjng Zkng na ho[ng cWch gVa cWc Z[n.
a HV FVUn SJng IaJ hV FOa LKm Fng y\o
Z HV cHng LhQc hVUn hV FOa LKm Fng y\o TKm ZX hjL y\o
had Rh[V Fd n} y\o
GNi O FiGi:
KhV FOa LKm Fng y\o ga haV Z[n Lq La FOPc Z 2 Lq ghR nV LVrR. H_c IVnh F
S\ng Ltnh FOPc FVUn SJng cEa Z Lq n\d. So IWnh nMng NOPng cEa Lq ghR n\d y~V nMng
NOPng cEa Lq Zan FJ chOa FOa Z[n Fng y\o chjng La I Ltnh FOPc cHng LhQc hVUn F
FOa LKm Fng y\os y\ I ZVrL FOPc LKm Fng ZX hjL y\o had Rh[V Fd n} y\o chj {:
m_V yYL FGJ c} J hO~ng Ln LgV y~V Lrgng LhWV c} mwc nMng NOPng LhKR nhKL mwc ZGn
yng nhKL.
Li KQ8:
Trong hJHn h mL y\V Lrang yVrL hHng Lh n}V hrL FOPc cWc yKn FG. TJd
nhVen chjng LHV hd y_ng rkng F cJng cKR FOPc mL I Z\V LYR cho cWc om h_c IVnh y\
cWc Lhd gVWo F Lham h[o. Mong FOPc IQ g}R {s Lrao FV cEa cWc Zgn.
D
&.H MRT SS )I#N THTC NUNG C&' " C4 HC ",T %VN
TWn "Xn HYnF
Trng THPT chuyn B@c Ai&ng
I. ( T%Z )I#N THTC T'N.
1. T[Lh L h\]nF L^_ h_i 9`L8a:

c a b
r
r r
N\ mL yc Lh c}
PhOhng yJHng g}c y~V mL Rh|ng chwa ( )
a,b
r
r
.
ChVGJ LJpn Lhoo Jd Lc FVnh c: Jad cWV FVnh c Lhoo chVGJ L a
r
Frn
b
r
Lh chVGJ
LVrn cEa cWV FVnh c N\ chVGJ cEa c
r
.
$ N~n
c a.b.sin
r
SVUn Ltch hnh Znh h\nh OA(B.
NrJ a
r

b
r
Lh c
r
i
r
H. Mbc`n L^_ 1 9dL 8a.
MHmon cEa
V
r
FV y~V FVm O N\ Ltch c} hO~ng
cEa ZWn tnh r
r
y~V yc Lh
V
r
:
{ hVUJ :
O
M (V) r V
r r r
r
C} RhOhng mL Rh|ng chwa r
r
y\
V
r
C} chVGJ FOPc Wc FXnh Lhoo Jd Lc FVnh c.
C} F N~n M r.V.sin V.d y~V S OH S: N\
cWnh Lad Fxn cEa
V
r

Ttnh chKL:
NrJ
V
r
r
r
Lh
O
M (V)
r r
i
r

1 2 1 2 O O O
M (V V ) M (V ) M (V ) + +
r r r r r r r

2 O O
M ( V) M (V
r r r r
N\ hkng I
NrJ
1 2
V V +
r r
i
r

1 2 O
M (V V ) +
r r r
i
r
II. C4 Se L- THUY#T " ",T %VN
1. KHI NI'M V+T #@N
VYL rn LJdUL FV N\ yYL m\ ho[ng cWch gVa haV FVm ZKL cEa n} hHng FV. VYL
rn c} Lh om nhO mL hU chKL FVm. VYL rn LJdUL FV LhOcng FOPc om N\ hU chKL
FVm NVen rL chL ch y~V nhaJ.
KhWV nVUm yYL rn chf N\ LOhng FV.
2. ,-I CH CBA KHI NI'M V+T #@N
$ nghVen cwJ mL hU chKL n\o FKds La Rh[V Fc LrOng chJdn Fng cEa Lng FVm
cEa hUs FVGJ n\d hVrn La Rh[V Fqng chgm Frn mL I rKL nhVGJ LhHng I STn Frn nhng
RhR Ltnh rc rV h} g.
A
b
r
A (
B
c
r
a
r
B
uur
O
V
r
H
r
r
P
NrJ hU FOPc om nhO yYL rns I LhHng I Rh[V Ltnh Frn Lrv nen ya Rh[V: NhVGJ nhKL
N\ D LhHng I N\ FE Wc FXnh chJdn Fng cEa yYL rn hoc cEa hU Jd chVrJ gn y~V
yYL rn.
Trong nhVGJ Z\V LoWn c} Lh coV yYn rn nhO mL chKL FVm.
.. CC ()N& CH0*6N $1N& C: B7N CBA V+T #@N
ChJdn Fng LXnh LVrn.
ChJdn Fng Jad Jng Janh mL Lrqc c FXnh.
ChJdn Fng Iong Rh|ng.
]. CC V3N $? CmN CH - T#ON& KH7O ST CH0*6N $1N& CBA V+T
#@N:
M.1. CBL Lhf O 9; <nF hgL 9@ <nF hiL hgL 9J8 Wjn:
CWc FgV NOPng s
i
s s N\ FgV NOPng Fc LrOng cho chJdn Fng Jad cEa yYL
rn. Trong mL hU Jd chVrJs c} gVW LrX nhO nhaJ y~V cWc Lrqc Jad ZKL Iong Iong
y~V nhaJ.
CWc FgV NOPng
v & & &
n t

chf Fc LrOng cho mL FVm Lren yYL rn.
&Va chJdn Fng Jad cEa yYL rn y\ chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn c} cWc FgV NOPng
yYL Nt LOhng FOhng nhaJ: 1
CWc FgV NOPng NVen Jan Frn chJdn Fng cEa mL chKL FVm had chJdn Fng
LXnh LVrn cEa yYL rn FOPc g_V N\ nhng '0i #-ng di?
CWc FgV NOPng NVen Jan Frn chJdn Fng Jad cEa mL yYL rn Janh mL Lrqc
FOPc g_V N\ nhng '0i #-ng gc.
;/c '0i #-ng di3 ;/c '0i #-ng gc3
&Va Lc. &Va Lc g}c.
VYn Lc. VYn Lc g}c.
,Qc. Momon NQc.
$ng NOPng. Momon Fng NOPng.
NrJ FgV NOPng S\V N\ FgV NOPng yocLh Lh cWc FgV NOPng g}c LOhng wng cung N\ FgV
NOPng yocLh.
$Xnh N{ Rhpn Z yYn Lc:
L yYL rn P SXch chJdn Lrong hU Jd chVrJ HC O.
L haV FVm ZKL Lren yYL rn N\ A y\ B. &_V N\ yYn Lc g}c Jad cEa yYL rn Lrong
hU Jd chVrJ O. HU Lhwc Jan Lr_ng gVa cWc yYn Lc cEa A y\ B cEa yYL rn LgV mL
LhcV FVm cho LrO~c N\: 6B v v
6 B
+

1
M.H. 7L ikc L^_ hiL 8BL DEnF hln 9J8 Wjn
,Qc LWc Sqng Nen yYL rn Lh FVm FL N\ Ld { Lren gVW.
HU NQc LWc Sqng Nen yYL rn
1
s
2
s
.
... c} Lh Lm FOPc hPR NQc hoc hHng

Lm FOPc hPR NQc. Cn Rhpn ZVUL hPR NQc y\ Lng yc Lh cWc NQc.
`
,{ LhJdrL y\ LhQc nghVUm cho LhKds c} Lh [d ra mL Lrong Za LrOcng hPR TH SO~V
Fpd:
TH1: VYL chf chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn gVng nhO mL chKL FVm. Trong LrOcng hPR n\d
hU NQc LOhng FOhng y~V mL NQc SJd nhKL FL LgV hV Lpm y\ Lng cWc NQc cung N\ hPR
NQc.
TH2: VYL chf Jad Janh mL Lrqc FV Ja hV Lpm. Trong LrOcng hPR n\d hU NQc
LOhng FOhng y~V mL ngTJ NQc m\ nhO La F ZVrL hHng Lh Lm FOPc hPR NQc cEa n}.
V hU NQc hHng c} hPR NQc nen La Rh[V n}V N\ Lng cWc NQc LWc Sqng y\o yYL Zkng is
cxn Lng cWc momon NQc FV y~V mL Lrqc FV Ja hV Lpm Lh hWc hHng y\ So F} yYL
chf Jad Janh hV Lpm Fwng den nrJ Njc FJ yYL Fwng den.
TH.: VYL ya chJdn Fng LXnh LVrns ya Jad Janh hV Lpm. Trong LrOcng hPR n\ds
hU NQc LOhng FOhng y~V mL NQc FL LgV hV Lpm y\ mL ngTJ NQc. (o F}s NQc LOhng
FOhng FL v hV Lpm hHng Rh[V N\ hPR NQc m\ chf N\ Lng cWc NQc.
CBLh mBL nnh 8onF LBL hiL: Sp DEnF LBL Ch\anF ChBC:
RhOhng RhWR hnh h_c. &V[ I yYL rn chXJ Za
NQc Fng LhcV LWc Sqng N\
1
s
2
y\
.
H.].2a. ,Kd mL
FVm P ZKL Lrong hHng gVan N\m FVm FL cEa NQcs La y
cWc NQc
1
s
2

y\
.

Iong Iongs cng chVGJ y\ cng F

N~n y~V cWc NQc
1
s
2
y\
.
H.].2Z. (ng Jd Lc hnh

Znh h\nh La Lm FOPc hPR NQc cEa hU NQc Fng Jd
1
s
2

y\
.

. HPR NQc n\d N\ Lng cWc NQc cEa hU NQc

1
s
2

y\
.
.
PhOhng RhWR FgV I: Ch_n mL hU Lrqc Log F $GcWc Os Od nkm Lrong mL
Rh|ng cEa yYL rV chVrJ cWc NQc
1
s
2
s
.
Nen cWc Lrqc Log F. Tng cEa cWc NQc N\ mL

NQc
s c} hnh chVrJ Nen cWc Lrqc Log F Zkng Lng FgV I cEa hnh chVrJ cEa cWc NQc
1
s
2
y\
.
Nen cWc Lrqc F}:

1

2

.

V
.
d

1d

2d

.d

Vd
.
T"# $%i& t'ng (( $)( $ #t $)( (h* t+,ng -+,ng ./i h0 $)( .1 t( 23ng g45 6a
(hu57n -ng t8nh ti9n (ho .:t 6;n # th<i.
b
M.I. iku 8hqL 9dL8a cbc`n hiL >i 9]i c<8 8WEL ru_s. t1u
BVJ Lhwc cEa momon NQc FV y~V Lrqc Jad FOPc
yVrL SO~V Sgng yocLh nhO IaJ:
L r M

s Lrong F}s
L
N\ Lh\nh Rhn LVrR LJdrn cEa NQc
y~V J Fgo
chJdn Fng cEa FVm FL M cEa yocLh NQcs cxn
OM
N\ yocLh ZWn tnh cEa FVm FL M H.]...
Thoo Ltnh chKL cEa Ltch c} hO~ng cEa haV yocLh Lh
Za yocLh
r
s
L
y\
M
Lgo Lh\nh mL Lam SVUn LhJYn. Thoo F}s yocLh momon
M
c}
RhOhng yJHng g}c y~V mL Rh|ng chwa
r
y\
L
s Lwc N\ c} RhOhng cEa Lrqc Jad . V

Lhr momon NQc N\ mL FgV NOPng g}c y\ FOPc ZVJ SVn Zkng mL yocLh nkm S_c Lhoo
Lrqc Jad yocLh Lrqc.
NrJ ch_n chVGJ SOhng cho Lrqc Jad Rh hPR y~V chVGJ SOhng cEa chJdn Fng
Jad Lh momon NQc N\ FgV NOPng FgV I. Momon NQc c} gVW LrX SOhng nrJ yocLh
M
cng chVGJ y~V chVGJ SOhng cEa Lrqc Jad y\ ngOPc NgV.
S&K chf Lrnh Z\d momon NQc nhO mL FgV NOPng FgV I gVng nhO F Lrnh Z\d yYn Lc
g}c y\ gVa Lc g}c.
M.M. vnnh hO S8ìn`W 9; Mbc`n ruBn 8[nh Khi Lhuskn 8WEL ru_s.
L y~V Lrqc Jad Iong Iong y~V Lrqc Jad
&
Ja hV Lpm & cEa yYL rns chjng
cWch nhaJ mL ho[ng S. KhV NOPng yYL rn N\ Ms mH mon JWn Ltnh cEa yYL rn FV
y~V Lrqc Jad N\ I FOPc Wc FXnh Ja mH mon JWn Ltnh I
&
FV y~V Lrqc Jad
&
I I
&
MS
2
].]
(CDnh #E FtGn (FtHinHr* h&y 'Dnh #E HuyGghHn (HuyghHns**?
M.P. nnh huJ8 Niuw8an II LhA Lhuskn <nF 8nnh 8iQn 9@ Lhuskn <nF ru_s
].C.1. Trong LrOcng hPR Lng JWLs hV chXJ cWc NQc LWc Sqngs yYL rn ya chJdn Fng
LXnh LVrn ya Jad Janh hV Lpm.
$ Lm gVa Lc
a
cEa chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn cung N\ gVa Lc
a
cEa hV Lpms La WR
Sqng RhOhng Lrnh:
a
s 1
had:
ma
y\
d
ma
d
1.Z
$ Lm gVa Lc g}c cEa chJdn Fng Jad Janh mL Lrqc FV Ja hV Lpms La WR Sqng
RhOhng Lrnh:

M I
&
s 2
had: M I
&
Sgng FgV I.
1i
HInh J?K
].C.2. $VGJ VUn cpn Zkng Lng JWL chf N\ LrOcng hPR rVeng cEa haV RhOhng Lrnh 1 y\
2 hV
i
y\
i
. NrJ Zan FJ yYL Fwng den Lh yYL LVrR Lqc Fwng den. Ta c}
Lrgng LhWV cpn Zkng L^nh.
Cn chj { N\s hV yYL v Lrgng LhWV cpn Zkng L^nh Lh

M
i hHng chf FV y~V Lrqc FV
Ja hV Lpms m\ FV y~V c[ mL trc 1Lt .M.
].C... $V y~V mL yYL rn Jad Janh mL Lrqc c FXnh Lh chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn cEa
yYL ZX h ZvV Rh[n NQc cEa Lrqc Jad.
M.x. NXnF h\NnF L^_ 9J8 Wjn.
=.>.1. Th9 n?ng (@a .:t 6;nA
L y~V yYL rn LJdUL FVs Lrong Lr_ng LrOcng c} gVa Lc gs N\ F cao cEa hV Lpm &
Ltnh L mL mc n\o F}s yYL rn c} Lhr nMng Zkng Lhr nMng cEa hV Lpm mang Lng
hV NOPng cEa yYL rn: 0 Mg. ].C.1
=.>.2. Bng n?ng (@a .:t 6;nA
KhV yYL rn Jad Jng Janh mL Lrqc Jad c FXnh : K I
.
2
].C.2
Chj {: NrJ Lrqc Jad hHng Ja hV Lpm &s cn Wc FXnh I
Ja I
&
ZvV FXnh N{
SLonh ].]
TrOcng hPR Lng JWL: K I
&
.
2
M.V
&
2
N!ng nOng t>n )hPn c%& vQt r@n 12ng tRng '!ng nOng tDnh tin c%& .h"i tS &ng
.h"i #-ng c%& cT vQt v '!ng nOng 4u&y c%& n 5ung 4u&nh trc 'i 4u& .h"i tSU?
=.>.C. B8nh $u:t !Do ton (, n?ngA
KhV cWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen yYL rn N\ NQc Lhrs Lh ch nMng E cEa hU yYL rn FOPc
Z[o Lo\n: K 0 conIL.
NrJ Lrong JW Lrnh ZVrn FV cEa hU L Lrgng LhWV 1 Iang Lrgng LhWV 2s c} NQc ma IWLs NQc
c[n... LWc Sqng m\ La Ltnh FOPc cHng A cEa cWc NQc Kd Lh c} Lh WR Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o
Lo\n nMng NOPng SO~V Sgng: E
2
E
1
A.
M.y. @i 8A@n Lhuskn <nF hXn KhbnF 8W\N8
L mL ZWnh o c} ZWn tnh # c}
Lpm C SXch chJdn Lren mL FKL nkm
ngang c FXnh Lrong hU Jd chVrJ Os LKL c[
NJHn NJHn nkm Lrong mL Rh|ng Lh|ng
Fwng.
&_V FVm A N\ FVm LVrR jc cEa ZWnh o
y~V mL FKL v LhcV FVm L.
C} Lh Rhpn ZVrL Za FVm v nhV LVrR jc:
$Vm A
S
cEa FKL c FXnh Lrong HC O.
11
C
M
O
A A
I
A
#
d

$Vm A
#
cEa ZWnh os hV ZWnh o Jad Lh v LhcV FVm IaJ FKd FVm n\d hHng
LVrR jc y~V FKL na.
$Vm hnh h_c A Wc FXnh ch LVrR jc.
# r\ng v LhcV FVm Ls Za FVm c} nhng yYn Lc hWc nhaJ Lrong HC O.
VYn Lc cEa FVm A
S
cEa FKL r r\ng N\ Zkng hHng.
VYn Lc cEa FVm hnh h_c A Zkng yYn Lc cEa Lpm C cEa ZWnh o y C y\ A
NJHn Lren cng mL FOcng Lh|ng Fwng.
VYn Lc cEa FVm A
#
cEa ZWnh o Lha mn:
;6 v v
; 6
+
+

VYn Lc
+
6
v
g_V N\ yYn Lc LrOPL cEa ZWnh o Lren mL FKL chj { mL FKL N\ c FXnh.
Bnh m` Fgi h@ hXn KhbnF 8W\N8 Khi
i
+
6
v
.
$Vm A
#
cEa ZWnh o LVrR jc y~V mL FKL hV F} c} yYn Lc Zkng i v LhcV FVm
LVrR jc. Trong nhng FVGJ VUn n\d m_V yVUc [d ra nhO N\ gVa haV LhcV FVm gn
nhaJ L y\ L SL ZWnh o Jad Janh mL Lrqc Ja A y\ yJHng g}c y~V mL Rh|ng Ods
Lrqc n\d FOPc g_V N\ Lrqc Jad Lwc LhcV cEa ZWnh o. A g_V N\ Lpm Jad Lwc LhcV.
KhV NMn hHng LrOPLs c} cWc hU Lhwc NVen hU: y
&
# Jng FOcng SXch chJdn FOPc
cEa Lpm C Lren mL FKL y\ cJng cong A
#
A
#
Lren chJ yV ZWnh o N\ Zkng nhaJ.
III. H THSNG !I T,P )INH I0N " CHUY0N RNG Cz& ",T %VN
@i 1. )hGA =B8 Lhuskn <nF L^_ c<8 9@nh 8W{n 8Wln c78 Ch|nF
ML y\nh Lrxn m[nh ZWn tnh # hV NOPng M Rhpn
Z FGJ. Tren y\nh v mL Lrong c} gn mL yYL nh hV
NOPng m hnh y. Ko cho y\nh NMn hHng LrOPL Lren mL
ngang Iao cho Lpm cEa y\nh c} yYn Lc y
i
. HV y
i
Rh[V Lho[
mn FVGJ VUn g F y\nh hHng n[d Nen ,Qc LWc Sqng Nen
y\nh F o y\nh chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc hHng FV nhO gV[ LhVrL hHng c} Lh\nh
Rhn Lh|ng Fwng
Bi giDi
KhV m v yX Lrt ZKL s NQc LWc Sqng y\o m c} P y\
NQc m\ y\nh LWc Sqng y\o m. C} Lh Rhpn Ltch NQc
Lh\nh haV Rhn: V c} RhOhng Lrng y~V ZWn tnh y\nh
Lrxns chVGJ hO~ng Lpms , c} RhOhng LVrR LJdrn y~V
yxng hnh y.
$Xnh NJYL II: m V , P & + + 1
12
N P

ChVrJ 1 Lhoo , y\ Lhoo
V

'
+
v
V P
P ,
2
i
coI
IVn
Th\nh Rhn NQc LWc Sqng y\o m Lhoo RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng:
d
IVn N coI . .
T 2 y\ . La c}:
coI coI coI IVn
2
i
2
i 2
+
v
P P
+
v
P 7
y

,
_
ma
hV i yYL v yX Lrt cao nhKLs
d
hO~ng Jng y~V
d
ma
P
+
v
2
i
.
Thoo FXnh NJYL III NQc LWc Sqng L m y\o y\nh M c} RhOhng ngOPc y~V
d
s
d
hO~ng
Jng:
ma

d
ma

+
v
2
i
P . V\nh hHng nd Nen hV:
g+
B
v Bg P
+
v
Bg 7
y

,
_
+ 1
i
2
i
ma
@i H. EhDo Ft (hu57n -ng (@a GhHi t63 t6ong t+,ng t( ./i hai #It JhKng
ML hnh Lrq c} hV M FOPc Z} Lrt Lh\nh ch hU nhO hnh ys hU I ma IWL cEa
hnh Lrq y~V mL Rh|ng ngang N\
1
s y~V mL Rh|ng ngang N\
2.
mL Rh|ng ngang
chJdn Fng FGJ yG Rhta LrWVs cn Rh[V LWc Fng y\o mL Rh|ng ngang mL NQc nh
nhKL N\ Zao nhVeJ F [d ra FVGJ Lren.
LLi giDiA
Hnh Lrq c} haV h[ nMng Jad had hHng Jad.
&V[ I Lrq Jad:
KhV mL Rh|ng ngang chJdn Fng
FGJ Lh Lrq Jad FGJ y\ gVa Lc cEa
hV Lrq Zkng hHng
Ta c}: Tng cWc MomonL NQc FV
y~V Lrqc Jad Ja hV Lpm Zkng i:
1

2

Thoo RhOhng ngang:
NIVn
2
coI
1
i 1
Thoo RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng:
N
1
" Mg " N
2
coI
2
IVn i 2
1.
#jL g_n ZVJ Lhwc La LhJ FOPc:
N
N Mg N
:
8 :
sin
8 c>s

+
'
.
VhQn 5Wt s N
1
s N
2
Rhq LhJc y\o
1
s
2
s y\ c} haV LrOcng hPR c} Lh [d ra:
TrOcng hPR 1.
1
N
1

2
N
2
s hnh Lrq Jads
2
N
2

KhV S} L .:
2 2 2
coI 1
IVn
V V
+
1.a
coI 1
IVn
+

2
N
2
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1
N
1

2
N
2
y~V m_V gVW LrX cEa
1
s
2
.
1.Z
coI 1
IVn
+

2
s hV F} hnh Lrq ZX Ls FVGJ VUn
1
N
1

2
N
2
[d ra y~V
1

2
.
TrOcng hPR 2.
1
N
1

2
N
2
s hnh Lrq hHng Jad FOPc
1
N
1
.
T . IJd ra:
1 1 2
coI 1
IVn
V V
1
Mg N
2
N
2
coI 1
IVn
+
. Tm ra N
2

1
1
coI 1
IVn
+
Bg
2.a
coI 1
IVn
1
+
s hV F} Lrq ZX Ls FVGJ VUn

1
N
1

2
N
2
hV
1

2
.
2.Z
coI 1
IVn
1
+
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s hV F}
1
N
1

1
N
2
Mg. Had:
IVn
coI 1
1
1
1
+
Bg
$VGJ VUn
1
N
1

2
N
2
[d ra hV
coI 1
IVn
2
+
>
2
N
2

1
N
2
Mg
$Wnh gVW:
BVJ SVn rL J[ Ja F LhXs F LhX
ZVJ SVn mL Rh|ng
1
s
2
chVa N\m .
mVGn
MVGn 1: wng y~V LrOcng hPR 1.a
MVGn 2: wng y~V LrOcng hPR 1.Z y\ 2.a hnh Lrq ZX L nen
MVGn .: wng y~V LrOcng hPR 2.Zs

IVn
coI 1
1
1
1
+
Bg
1]

coI 1
IVn
+
@i I. M:t 6;n (" $iNn G9t 6Ong 6P(
C} haV rxng r_c N\ haV Fâ Lrxn gn Fng Lrqc . #xng r_c N~n c} hV NOPng m
2iigs ZWn tnh #
1
1icm. #xng r_c nh c} hV NOPng m 1iigs ZWn tnh #
2
Ccm.
Tren rnh haV rxng r_c c} haV Spd chf JKn ngOPc chVGJ nhaJ F hV m
1
FV Jng m
2
FV
Nen hoc ngOPc NgV. $J Spd cEa rxng r_c N~n mang hV NOPng m
1
.iigs FJ Spd
cEa rxng r_c nh mang hV NOPng m
2
2Cig. Th[ cho hU chJdn Fng L Lrgng LhWV
Fwng den ,Kd g 1imI
2
.
a. Ttnh gVa Lc cEa cWc yYL m
1
y\ m
2
.
Z. Ttnh NQc cMng cEa mV Spd Lroo.
LLi giDi
P
1
m
1
g P
2
m
2
gs nen m
1
FV Jngs m
2
FV
Nen. PhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fng cEa m
1
y\ m
2
:
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
& T P & T P + + 1
ChVrJ 1 Lhoo chVGJ N\ chVGJ chJdn Fng
cEa m
1
y\ m
2
:
2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
'

& g T
& T g
V~V rxng r_c T
1
#
1
T
2
#
2
I ..
I 2 1
2
2
1
1 2
2
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1
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1
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+
&
+
&
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.
Nhpn 2a y~V #
1
s 2Z y~V #
2
s rV cng haV yr 2 y\ .:
m
1
g#
1
m
2
g#
2
m
1
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1
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1
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2
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2

2
+
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+ +
g + +
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+
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+ +
+ +
+

,
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+ +

Lhad I La FOPc:
a
2
1s`]2 mI
2
a
1
2a
2
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2
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1s
a
2
y\o 2 La FOPc
T
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2
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@i M. Bng $)( hP( .:t 6;n (" $iNn G9t 6Ong 6P( giDi !Qng
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1
y\ P
2
FOPc ZJc y\o haV Spd JKn y\o
haV Lang cEa mL LcV ZWn tnh r y\ # hnh y. $ npng yYL
nng P
1
Nen ngOcV La cxn LWc Sqng y\o LcV mL mHmon Jad M.
1C
1
A
B
2
# r
#
i
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y~V Lrqc Jad N\
.
LLi giDi
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Lr_ng NQc
1
P
r
s
2
P
r
s Q
r
.
MHmon
M
r
y\ Rh[n NQc
i
R
r
s Lrong F} Rh[n NQc
i
R
r
c} mHmon FV y~V Lrqc Jad O Zkng
hHng.
P Sqng FXnh N{ ZVrn LhVen mHmon Fng NOPng FV y~V Lrqc Jad Ja FV Ja O cEa
LcV La c}:
1 2 z
d
L Pr P R M
dt
+ +
1
ML hWc La NgV c} : ,
A ,
B ,
C
MHmon Fng NOPng cEa yYL A N\: ,
A
2
1 1
A
P P
r. v r
g g

MHmon Fng NOPng cEa yYL B N\: ,
B
2
2 2
B
P P
R. v R
g g

MHmon Fng NOPng cEa LcV C N\: ,
C
2
z
Q
g

P
1
r
2
P
2
#
2

2

g
2
Thad 2 y\o 1 La FOPc:
2 1
2 2 2
1 2
M P R Pr d
dt Pr P R Q
+

+ +

VYd
2 1
2 2 2
1 2
M P R Pr
g
Pr P R Q
+

+ +
C}u P. Bng $)( hP( .:t 6;n (" $iNn G9t 6Ong 6P( FR 23ng WLBT (,
HaV Z[n Rh|ng Iong Iong y\ Lh|ng Fwng 1 Lrong
I chjng ho\n Lo\n Lrhns cWV cxn NgV rKL nhWms FOPc Rhpn
Z cWch nhaJ ho[ng (. &Va chjng c} FL mL ng chf
y~V FOcng tnh ngo\V Z kng (s hV NOPng chJng Zkng M
mHmon JWn Ltnh FV y~V Lrqc N\ I. %ng chf ZX R chL
ZvV 2 Z[n Rh|ng Iao cho c} Lh chJdn Fng Jng SO~V
hV Jad nhOng hHng LrOPL Io y~V Z[n Rh|ng nhWm. ML
IPV chf nh FOPc ZJc y~V yYL nng hV NOPng ma y\
FOPc JKn y\o hnh Lrq Lrong cEa ng chf c} FOcng tnh
S. Tm gVa Lc cEa yYL nng
LLi giDi
1D
&V[ I Lrong LhcV gVan L hV Lpm cEa ng chf FV Jng FOPc mL Fogn (H. ,jc n\d
ng chf Jad Janh hV Lpm g}c:
Y
H
+
H
.
KhV m ZX cJn Nen mL Fogn:
Y
d
H
d

2
Io y~V hV Lpm cEa cJn chf. VYd hV m

FV Jng mL Fogn:
t
Y
d Y
H
Y
d
H H h

. &_V a N\ gVa Lc cEa hV Lpm ng
chfs Lh gVa Lc cEa yYL m N\:
a
i
a
2
2 2
t
Y
d Y
& h
t
& H
Y
d Y

.
VYn Lc cEa ng chf y\ cEa yYL m: y aLs y
i
a
i
L a
t
(
S (
. VYn Lc g}c cEa Lrqc
chf
Y
t &
Y
v
2 2
.
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng:
MgH mgh
2 2 2
2 2
i
2
X v Bv
+ + . Mga
2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
(
S (
2

2 (
S (
2

,
_
Y
t & X
t &
t & B t
g&
t
IJd ra a g
2
2
]
(
M
(
Y
X
d Y
d Y
B
+
,
_
.
@i x EhDo Ft (hu57n -ng $?n (@a #t .:t 6;n t6Nn #It JhKng nghiNng
T mwc cao nhKL cEa mL mL Rh|ng nghVengs mL hnh Lrq Fc y\ mL J[ cJ
Fc c} cng hV NOPng y\ ZWn tnhs Fng LhcV ZL FJ NMn hHng LrOPL Jng SO~V.
Tm L I cWc yYn Lc cEa haV yYL LgV mL mL mwc ngang n\o F}.
LLi giDi
&_V y
c
N\ yYn Lc cEa J[ cJ IaJ hV NMn Jng
FOPc F cao h.
y
T
N\ yYn Lc cEa hnh Lrq IaJ hV NMn Jng
FOPc F cao h.
KhV J[ cJs hnh Lrq NMn hHng LrOPL Jng SO~Vs
Lh FVm FL cEa NQc ma IWL L^nh nkm Lren Lrqc Jad Lwc LhcVs m\ LgV F} yYn Lc cEa cWc
FVm LgV Zkng hHng y\ hHng [nh hOvng L~V ch nMng Lo\n Rhn cEa yYL.
1A
A
B
O
x
y
ms
F
C
P
N

VaV Lrx cEa NQc ma IWL v Fpd N\ F[m Z[o cho yYL NMn LhJn LJ hHng LrOPL y\ F[m
Z[o cho F gV[m Lhr nMng ho\n Lo\n chJdn Lh\nh F LMng Fng nMng LXnh LVrn y\
chJdn Fng nMng Jad cEa yYL.
V cWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen hnh Lrq Fc y\ J[ cJ FGJ N\ :
p
r
NQc Lhr s
r
Lhoo RhOhng
RhWR LJdrn y\ NQc ma IWL L^nh
ms
F
r
. Ta c}
r
y\
ms
F
r
hHng IVnh cHng

A
cWc NQc hHng Lhr
i
ch nMng cEa hU FOPc Z[o Lo\n.

NhO yYd La c} Lh WR Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng cho chJdn Fng cEa J[ cJ
y\ hnh Lrq:
V~V J[ cJ: mgh
2 2
2 2
c c c
mv
+ 1
V~V hnh Lrq: mgh
2 2
2 2
mv

+ 2
Trong F}:
2
2
C
c
mR

c
c
v
R

2
2
mR

v
R

Thad y\o 1 y\ 2 La c}: mgh
2
A
1i
c
mv
mgh
2
.
]
mv

2
2
1C 1C
1] 1]
c c
v v
v v

@i y: EhDo Ft (hu57n -ng $?n (@a #t .:t t63 6;n t6Nn #It JhKng nghiNng
ML hnh Lrq Fng chKL hV Lpm Cs ZWn Vnh #s momon JWn Ltnh I
2
2
1
+
FV
y~V Lrqc cEa n}. $OPc FL hHng yYn Lc FJ Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng g}c
. &_V N\
hU I ma IWL LrOPL gVa hnh Lrq y\ mL Rh|ng nghVeng.
1 Wc FXnh gVa Lc hnh Lrq. Chwng L rkng c} LrOPL had hHng N\ LJ Lhoo gV[ LhVrL
cEa
Io y~V gV[ LhVrL
i
n\o F} cn Wc FXnh.
2 Tm IQ ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng gVa cWc LhcV FVm Ls i. L haV LrOcng hPR
i
y\
i
1`
LLi giDi
1 Wc FXnh gVa Lc hnh Lrq
&V[ I Lrq NMn hHng LrQhL:
PIVn
mI
ma

mI
.# I
+
&
+
2
2
1

SJd ra:
mI

&
2
1
a
IVn
.
2
g
$VGJ VUn

mI
IVn
.
2
g Z tg Zg . coI
Twc N\

i
y~V Lg 0
. Lh Lrq
NMn hHng LrOPL.
TrOcng hPR
i

mI
N\ ma IWL LrOPL . Ta c}:
mI
mgcoI
.
a
2

7 g
s
IVn
gIVn
coI
.

. 2
cs
ms
F R fg
I R

2 SQ ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng.
TrOcng hPR
i
v LhcV FVm L:

y aL
IVn
.
2
g
.L

t g
+
t . IVn
.
2
.
$ng nMng: E
F

2 2
2 2
mv I
+ B[o Lo\n nMng NOPng i [
TrOcng hPR
i
v LhcV FVm L:
y gIVn
coI
.L

t
+
Zg
coI 2
BVrn LhVen nMng NOPng:

( )
2
2
2
coI . IVn
2
1
. coI
2
t Z g Zg F
t &
7 6 [
4 s s

,
_

V~V S4
( ) + t .
2
1

( )
2 2 2
coI . IVn coI
2
1
t Z g [

1b
1 2
F F F
V~V S
2
N\ F SXch cEa Cs S
1
N\ Jng FOcng Lrq Jad.
@i ~. EhDo Ft (hu57n -ng $?n (" t6+Vt X Gh<ng t6+Vt
NgOcV La Sng gYd LWc Fng y\o J[ ZV a ZWn
tnh #s mL Jng NQc nkm ngang cWch mL Z\n ZV a
mL ho[ng h.
a Wc FXnh hU Lhwc gVa
y\ yYn Lc hV
Lpm y
i
cEa ZVa.
Z NghVen cwJ chJdn Fng cEa ZV a IaJ hV
NQc ngng LWc Fng Lrong cWc LrOcng hPR:
1 h
A
C
r

2 h
A
C
r

. r h
A
C
r
LLi giDi
a &Yd LWc Sqng y\o J[ ZV a mL Jng NQc N\
\
uur
. TgV FVm LVrR jc I NQc ma IWL cung
gpd ra Jng NQc
\
uur
c[n IQ Jad Janh O cEa J[ ZV a.
mI
N\ nh So hHng c}
Lhem NQc nn nen s La c} Lh Z Ja.
Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n momon Fng NOPng La c}:
h # I
i
1
V\ my
i
had y
i

\
2
T 1 IJd ra
2
2
C
+
h +
Lhad y\o 2 La FOPc:

y
i

2
2
C
+
h +
.
Z NghVen cwJ chJdn Fng:
h
A
C
+
: y
i
+
Ta c}
i i i
v v v v v
4
X X d&t
+ +
uur uuuuur uuuuuuur uur uur

v +
4

V
I
y
y
i
s chVGJ cEa
v
X
uur
hO~ng ra IaJ. NhO yYd v I I JKL hVUn NQc ma IWL
N\m cho
gV[m Sn cho L~V hV
Lh y
I
is J[ ZV a LhHV hHng LrOPL y\
chJdn Iang chJdn Fng NMn hHng LrOPLs chJdn Fng chYm Sn rV Sng h|n.
h
A
C
+
: y
i
y
+ s y
I
i.
J[ ZV a NMn hHng LrOPLs chJdn Fng chYm Sn rV Sng NgV.
2i
# h
A
C
+
: y
i
y
+ .
y
I
y
i
+ s hO~ng yG Rhta LrO~c.
mI
hO~ng ra IaJ c[n chJdn Fng nhOng N\m LMng
Frn hV
: y
i

# Lh
Njc F} J[ ZVa NMn hHng LrOPL rV chJdn Fng chYm Sn rV Sng NgV.
@i . EhDo Ft .a (h%# $Y t+Zng gi[a #t .:t 6;n $Y t+Zng ./i #J ngang
ML J[ Z}ng IVeJ F\n hV Fcs hV NOPng ms ZWn tnh #. B}ng Zad L~V ya chgm
y\o mL I\n ngang y~V yYn Lc y y\ yYn Lc g}c
. Ch m\ J[ Z}ng LVrR jc y~V I\n

c} ma IWL gV cho FVm LVrR jc hHng LrOPL. (o c} ma IWL nen ya chgm N\ hHng F\n
hV LJd nhVen c} Lh Z Ja IQ ZVrn LhVen cEa Lh\nh Rhn RhWR LJdrn y
d
y\ F ZVrn
LhVen Fng nMng Z}ng.
a Wc FXnh Lh\nh Rhn LVrR LJdrn y
cEa y y\
cEa J[ Z}ng IaJ ya chgm Lhoo y
y\

LrO~c ya chgm BVUn NJYn
Z Ttnh yYn Lc FVm LVrR jc A cEa Z}ng
LrO~c y\ IaJ ya chgm &V[V Lhtch rL J[
c L
i y\ y
i.
LLi giDi
Thoo FXnh NJYL ZVrn LhVen momon Fng NOPng La c}:
S, MSL
mI
#SL SP
#
IS
m#Sy
v
5
d + dv
v
5
m#y
1
Ta c} y
d
y
d
Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng nMng La c}:

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2
v X v X
+ +
m
2 2 2 2
v v X
5 5
2
Thad 1 y\o 2 rjL ra
1
. 1i
A
v
5
+
_
+

,
y

. ]
A
v +
5

BVUn NJYn:

i IVeJ Z}ng Jad ngOPc NgV y~V chVGJ Jad

Zan FJ IaJ ya chgm.
21
y
i y

]
.
+
y
i y

]
.
+
y
i y

]
.
+
Ban FJ LrO~c ya chgm:
y
A
y
+
y
Ad
y
d
SaJ ya chgm:
y
A
y

+
y
y
Ad
y
d
y
d

v v
6 6

uuur uuur
NhO yYd: VYn Lc FVm A LrO~c y\ IaJ ya chgm c} F N~n Zkng nhaJs chVGJ ngOPc
nhaJ.
@i 1. EhDo Ft (hu57n -ng $?n (@a #t $?ng t63 t6Nn #It JhKng nghiNng
ML NMng Lrqc Nqc gVWc FGJ cgnh as hV NOPng m Rhpn Z FGJ. MHmon JWn
Ltnh cEa NMng Lrq N\ I
12
C
ma
2
cWc mL cEa NMng Lrq hhV Nm F hV NMn Lren mL Rh|ng
nghVeng NMng Lrq LVrR jc mL Rh|ng nghVeng Zkng cWc cgnh coV N\ yYL rn. &_V
2 1
s

Nn NOPL N\ yYn Lc g}c cEa NMng Lrq ngad LrO~c y\ IaJ ya chgm. Tm Lf I
1
2
ZVrL ma
IWL FE N~n F hV Lrq NMn nhOng hHng n[d Nen.
LLi giDi
Ngad LrO~c ya chgm NMng Lrq Jad y~V
s
1
mHmon
Fng NOPng FV y~V Lrqc Jad i N\ :

2
0 ! ! 0
"
#
2
L I ma v OB
r
So LrO~c ya chgms
NMng Lrq Jad Janh B
$V y~V Lrqc Jad A: Ngad LrO~c ya chgm :

0 2 0
0 0 !
"
. sin$0 .
!2 2
A
mav
L L amv ma + +

2 2 2
! ! !
" ! !!
!2 2 !2
A
L ma ma ma +
1
Ngad IaJ ya chgm NMng Lrq Jad Janh A y~V
s
2
FV y~V A:
22
i
v
uur
A
B
a
C
(
E
O

% 2 2 2
2 2
" !&
. ( ).
!2 !2
A A
L I ma ma ma +
2
MHmon Fng NOPng Z[o Lo\n y coV nhO c} Rh[n NQc N ya chgm y\
mI
Ja Lrqc Jads
IJd ra mHmon Zkng i mHmon cEa yocLh )
ur
Lrong LhcV gVan rKL nh La Z Ja

2
1
11
1A

6 6
] ]
@i 11. EhDo Ft (hu57n -ng (@a #t .:t $iNn G9t 6Ong 6P( !Qng FR 23ng -8nh $u:t
!Do ton (<ng . 2%ng .i Jh4n (@a -8nh $u:t !Do ton (,.
ML yYL A c} Lr_ng NOPng P FOPc o Nen L Lrgng LhWV Fwng den nhc LcV B N\ Fâ
Lrxn Fng chKL c} ZWn tnh #s Lr_ng NOPng y\ chXJ LWc Sqng ngTJ NQc c} mHmon M
hHng FV hnh y . Tm yYn Lc yYL A hV n} FOPc o Nen mL Fogn N\ h. Tm gVa
Lc cEa yYL A.
LLi giDi
Ch hU h[o IWL gm yYL A chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn LcV B Jad
Janh mL Lrqc c FXnh.
CWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen hU gm cWc Lr_ng NQc P,Q
r r
s ngTJ NQc
M
r
s
Rh[n NQc
i
R
r
y\ cWc nV NQc.
NhJn md8: Lr_ng NQc LWc Sqng chf c} ngTJ NQc
M
r
y\ Lr_ng NQc
P
r
IVnh cHng cxn Rh[n NQc
i
R
r
y\ Lr_ng NQc Q
r
hHng IVnh
cHng y cWc FVm FL cEa chjng c FXnhs cWc nV NQc cung
hHng IVnh cHng.
V c} Lh Ltnh cHng hJ hgn cEa ngTJ NQc
M
r
y\ Lr_ng NQc
P
r
F Lm yYn Lc
A
v
r
cEa yYL
A La WR Sqng FXnh N{ ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng:
( ) ( )
i
A P A M +
r r
1
Lrong F} T
i
N\ Fng nMng cEa hU LgV LhcV FVm Zan FJ T \ Fng nMng cEa hU LgV LhcV
FVm L .
Ta c}: T
i
i y Zan FJ hU Fwng den . 2
Ta c}: T T
A
T
B
.
VYL A chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn nen T
A

2
1
2
A
P
v
g
]
VYL B Jad Janh Lrqc c FXnh nen
2
1
2
B O
'

2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2 ] ]
A
B A
v Q Q Q
R R v
g g R g
_
_

,
,
C
2.
#
i
#
P
A
M
O
B
Thad ] s C y\o . La c}:
( )
2
2
2 2
A
P Q v
g
+

D
Ta c}: ( ) ( )
A P A M +
r r
M
P.h M
P.#.
y~V h #.
( ) ( )
A P A M +
r r

M
P (
R
_

,
A
Thad 2 s D s A y\o 1 La FOPc:
( )
2
2
2 2
A
P Q v
g
+

M
P (
R
_

,
( )
( )
]
2
A
M P(
v g (
R P Q

+
$ Lm gVa Lc a
A
cEa yYL A La I Sqng FXnh N{ ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng Sgng yV Rhpn
i )
* *
d dA dA +

( ) 2
2
P Q
g
+
y
A
.a
A

M
P
R
_

,
y
A

a
A
2g
( )
( ) 2
M PR
R P Q
+
VYd
( )
( )
]
2
A
M P(
v g (
R P Q
+
a
A
2g
( )
( ) 2
M PR
R P Q
+
@i 1H
ML ZWnh F\ c} Sgng N\ mL hnh Lrq Fng nhKL hV NOPng Ms ZWn tnh #
Jad Janh Lrqc c FXnh nkm ngang. ML IPV Spd JKn Janh ZWnh F\s FJ Va cEa IPV
Spd ZJc mL yYL nng c} hV NOPng m. J[ nng FOPc npng Nen rV ZJHng ra cho rhV
Jng. SaJ hV rhV FOPc F cao hs J[ nng ZL FJ N\m cMng IPV Spd y\ Jad ZWnh
F\. Tm yYn Lc g}c cEa ZWnh F\ LgV LhcV FVm F} hnh y .
LLi giDi
VYn Lc cEa yYL nng m LgV cJV F cao h Ltnh FOPc nhc WR Sqng
FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng : y
1
2g( 1
KhV yYL nng ZL FJ N\m cMng Spds JKL hVUn LOhng LWc gVa yYL
nng y\ ZWnh F\. V LOhng LWc [d ra Lrong LhcV gVan FOPc om N\
rKL ngn nen La c} gn Fjng Z[o Lo\n mH mon Jng NOPng FV
y~V Lrqc Jad:
,
ngad LrO~c LrO~c LOhng LWc
,
ngad LrO~c IaJ LOhng LWc

m.y
1
.# m.y
2
.# I .
2
Trong F} y
2
N\ yYn Lc cEa yYL m ngad IaJ LOhng LWcs I N\ mHmon
JWn Ltnh cEa ZWnh F\ FV y~V Lrqc Jads
N\ yYn Lc g}c cEa

ZWnh F\ ngad IaJ LOong LWc.
2]
h
M
m
Ta c}: I
1
2
.M.#
2
.
y
2
.R ]
T 1s 2 s . s ] La Ltnh FOPc :
( )
2 2
2
m g(
m M .R
+

@i 1I
ML IPV Spd yL Ja rxng r_cs v haV FJ IPV Spd c} haV ngOcV FJ y\o. BVrL hV
NOPng cEa mV ngOcV N~n gKR ] Nn hV NOPng rxng r_c. NgOcV A ZL FJ Noo Lhoo Spd
y~V yYn Lc LOhng FV y~V Spd N\ J. Ttnh yYn Lc cEa ngOcV B Io y~V mL FKL coV nhO
hV NOPng rxng r_c RhKn Z FGJ Lren y\nh .
LLi giDi
&_V v
r
B
N\ yYn Lc cEa Spd FV y~V FKLs y\ cng N\ yYn Lc cEa
ngOcV B FV y~V FKL . Thoo cHng Lhwc cng yYn Lc La c} yYn Lc
cEa ngOcV A FV y~V FKL N\:

A B
v u v +
r r r

1
ChVrJ 1 Jng RhOhng chJdn Fng cEa A La FOPc :
A B
v u v
2
Ban FJ ch hU Fwng den nen mHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU FV y~V Lrqc rxng r_c Zkng
hHng:

i L
r
. .
KhV ngOcV A ZL FJ Noo Nen Spd Lh mHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU gm mHmon Fng
NOPng cEa ngOcV As ngOcV B y\ mHmon Jad cEa rxng r_c:

%
A B
L R.m.v R.m.v +. y~V
B
v
R
Ta c} Lh WR Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n mHmon Fng NOPng cho hU :

,
L L

i
A B
R.m.v R.m.v +.

2
i
]
B
B B
v m
R.m.(, V ) R.m.v .R .
R

.
Ta Lm FOPc:
]
b
B
u
v

VYd yYn Lc cEa ngOcV B FV y~V FKL Zkng :
]
b
B
u
v
C}u 1M. Ma (h%# -n h\i (@a nhi1u .:t 6;n $Y t+Zng X M:n 23ng BLBT -ng
$+Vng
2C
u
r
A
B
Ba yxng FUm nh gVng nhaJ As BsCs nkm den Lren mL mL Rh|ng ngangs
nhns ngOcV La LrJdGn cho yxng A yYn Lc y y\ n} Frn y\ chgm Fng LhcV y~V c[ haV
yxng Bs C hnh y. Kho[ng cWch gV haV Lpm cEa cWc yxng Bs C LrO~c hV ya chgm
Zkng N Nn FJcng tnh mV yxng. &V[ I cWc ya chgm N\ ho\n Lo\n F\n hV. Wc FXnh
yYn Lc cEa yxng A IaJ ya chgm. Ttnh gVW LrX cEa N F yxng A: ZYL ngOPc NgVs Sng NgVs
LVrR Lqc LVrn Nen.
LLi giDi
V hU c} Ltnh FV wng nen A chJdn Fng
Lren FOcng Lh|ng c FXnh B y\ C c} J Fgo
FV wng nhaJ Ja J Fgo cEa A.
V cWc yxng FUm Lrxn nen ya chgm N\ Jden
Lpm So F} cWc yxng B y\ C I chJdn Fng
Lhoo cWc RhOhng 12 y\ 1.. &_V
; B
v v v Nn NOPL N\ cWc yoc Lh cEa yxng Lrxn As Bs C
IaJ ya chgm.
Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng:
; B
v v v v + + .
SJd ra: my my 2my
B
coI 1
Trong F} y
B
y
C
s N\ g}c gVa J Fgo cEa A y\ RhOhng cEa chJdn Fng B hoc C.
Ta c}: coI
2
]
2
]
2 2
V
+
V+ +
y~V O
A
O
B
2# 2
Thad 2 y\o 1 y y V
B
.
2
] V
V y\ chgm N\ F\n hV nen:
2
2
v

2
2
v

2
2
B
v

2
2
;
v

2
v y
2

2 2
; B
v v +
]
T . y\ ] Lm FOPc y y C
hoc y v
V
V
2
2
D
2
D
V~V rL J[ C IJd ra y
B
y
C
i. So F} NogV LrOcng hPR n\d.
VYd yYn Lc A IaJ ya chgm N\ y v
V
V
2
2
D
2
$ A ZYL ngOPc Lrv NgV Lh y i had

i
D
2
2
2
<
V
V

y\ F A ya y\o c[ B y\ C Lh N 2.
(o F} N
2
2 i IJd ra i N 2 .
$ A Fwng den Lh y i IJd ra N 2 .
$ A LVrR Lqc LVrn Nen Rhta LrO~c 2 N 2 .
@i 1P. Ma (h%# -n h\i (@a nhi1u .:t 6;n $Y t+Zng X M:n 23ng BLBT -ng $+Vng
. !Do ton (,
2D
HaV J[ cJ gVng nhaJ rKL nhTn ya chgm F\n hV y\o nhaJ y~V yYn Lc Iong
Iong c} F N~n y y\ 2y. $Ocng Lh|ng FV Ja Lpm cEa J[ cJ n\d y\ c} RhOhng cEa
yYn Lc N\ LVrR LJdrn cEa J[ cJ Va. Ttnh g}c m\ IaJ ya chgm yYn Lc cEa mV J[
cJ y~V hO~ng Zan FJ cEa n}.
LLi giDi
Ch_n hU Log F Od nhO hnh y.
&_V
B 6
V V N\ yYn Lc cEa mV J[
cJ ngad IaJ ya chgm y
1
s y
1ds
y
2d
s y
2
N\ Lh\nh yYn Lc IaJ ya chgm cEa A
y\ B Lhoo cWc Lrqc Os Od.
Jng NQc LWc Sqng hV ya chgm:
P
A

1
Ls P
B

2
L.
V
1

2
P
A
P
B
P.
L J[ cJ A: my
1
m2y PcoI y
1
2y
P
2
.
1
my
1d
PIVn y
1d

P
2
2
L J[ cJ B: my
2
PcoI my y
2

P
2
.
y .
my
2d
PIVn y
2d

P
2
]
$Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng: ELrO~c EIaJ

2
1

2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
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y 5 y 5
v v v v v v + + + +
C
T 1 ] y\o C IaJ hV ZVrn FV: `P
2

.
2
.
v
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Thad D y\o 1 ] La FOPc:
]
. .
]
C
]
. .
]
2 2 1 1
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
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A
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i
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1
1
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C
. .
Ab . .
5
y
5
y
v
v
tg
v
v
tg
&}c gVa
B
v y\ 2 v N\ : 1ì
i
Ab
i
1i1
i
. &}c gVa
B
v y\ v N\: 1ì
i
]D
i
1.]
i
@i 1x
ML IPV Spd JKn Lren ng Spd N\ hnh Lrq Fng chKL Vm NogV ms ZWn tnh #s
2
1
m#
2
Io y~V Lrqc. Hnh Lrq SV chJdn Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng g}c
s gV[ LhVrL Spd FE

m[nh F mTJ Spd AB NJHn ZX cMng Iong Iong y~V mL Rh|ng nghVeng. HU I ma IWL
gVa ng Spd y\ mL Rh|ng nghVeng N\ . Ban FJ ng Spd Fwng den.
1.V~V gV[ LhVrL n\o cEa
s ng Spd cxn Fwng den.

2.Trong LrOcng hPR chJdn FHng:
2A
N
x
y
O
F
m
s
T
mg
C
A
B
I
as Ttnh gVa Lc Lpm C cEa ng Spd.
Zs Ttnh ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng gVa L i y\ L.
LLi giDi
1s KhV ng Fwng den
(o ng hHng Jad nen: T 7
s
ur uuuur

$VGJ VUn cpn Zkng:
i P V T 7
s
+ + +
ur uur ur uuuur
1

mI
.N 2
ChVrJ Nen Lrqc is id La FOPc:
N mgcoI

mI
T
IVn
2
1
g
Thr y\o 2 rjL ra: Lg
2
VYd y~V
Lho[ mn : Lg
2 Lh ng Spd cxn Fwng den.

2s KhV ng chJdn Fng Lg
2 : Lrq LrOPL Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng y\ NMn hHng

LrOPL Lren Spd AB.
Ta c}:
mI
mgcoI
mgIVn
mgcoI
T ma .
T
mI
#
2
1
m#
2
+
&
]
T . y\ ] IJd ra: a
( ) coI 2 IVn
.
2
Z g

BVrn LhVen Fng nMng ga LhcV FVm L y\ L
i
i N\:
2 2
0
2 2
d t
mv J
E E E

+
Trong F} : y a.L

+
t &
+
v .

Ta Lm FOPc:
( )
2 2 2
. coI 2 IVn
]
.
t Z g [
d

@i 1y. Bi1u Gi0n (4n !Qng (@a .:t 6;n
2`
I
B
A
C
ML J[ cJ ZWn tnh #s hV NOPng m FL Lren mL Rh|ng hHng nhn nghVeng
mL g}c Io y~V mL Rh|ng ngang. J[ cJ FOPc gV cpn Zkng nhc IPV Spd AC Iong
Iong y~V mL Rh|ng nghVeng nhO hnh y. BVrL J[ cJ cxn nkm cpn Zkng y~V g}c
N~n nhKL
i
. Hd Ltnh:
a. HU I ma IWL gVa J[ cJ y~V mL Rh|ng nghVeng
Z. ,Qc cMng T cEa Spd AC hV F}.
LLi giDi
a. Tm hU I ma IWL: $VGJ VUn cpn Zkng cEa J[ cJ:
2 1 i
6 7s 6 P
s B B 7 T V P + + +
ChVrJ 1 Nen Os Od: PIVn T
mI
i .. PcoI N i .
T 2 La c}: P#IVn
mI
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mI
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V J[ cJ hHng LrOPL
mI
N
V
7
s
C
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tg
P
P
.
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i
. T . T PIVn
mI
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T PIVn
i
PcoI
i
.
@i 1~. Bi1u Gi0n -7 #t .:t 6;n $?n ]ua #t -i7# (Dn
ML hV g hnh Lrq Fng chKL hV NOPng
m 1igs ZWn tnh # 1icm FOPc FL Lren mL
hV M nhO hnh y. &}c Lgo ZvV ZWn tnh OA y\
OB y~V RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng Nn NOPL N\ Di
i
y\ .i
i
B Ja ma IWL. Ttnh WR NQc F Nen M LgV A y\ B
hV M Fwng den y\ hV M chJdn Fng y~V gVa
Lc a
i
2mI
2
Lren RhOhng nkm ngang hO~ng L
LrWV Iang Rh[V.
NrJ c} ma IWL Lm a
i
cEa M F hV g NMn Janh
A. Cho g 1imI
2
.
LLi giDi
a. KhV hU Fwng den.
VYL chXJ LWc Sqng cEa Za NQc.Tr_ng NQc Ps Rh[n NQc N
A
s Rh[n NQc
B
V nhO hnh y:
R Sqng Jd Lc momon NQc FV y~V Lrqc Jad Ja B: N
A
# P.#.IVn
Had N
A
mgIVnDi
i
1i.2i.isC Ci N
Z. KhV m nkm den Lren M m\ M chJdn Fng
L Lrong hU Jd chVrJ gn y~V M. VYL chXJ LWc Sqng Lhem ZvV NQc JWn Ltnh
L
.
2b
R Sqng Jd Lc mHmon FV y~V Lrqc Jad FV Ja B. N
A
# P.#IVn ma
i
coI
N
A
mgIVn ma
i
coI.
N
A
1i.1i.isC 1i.2. V . s DA . . 1i Ci
2
.
+
R Sqng Jd Lc mHmon FV y~V Lrqc Jad FV Ja A: N
B
#
L
#IVn R#coI.
N
B
mgcoI ma
i
IVn 1i.1i.
2
.
1i.2.isC Ci . 1i ADsD N
c. KhV m NMn Ja A
$ m NMn Ja A Lh Rh[V c}:
L
. #. IVn P. #coI
2
i
. s 1A . 1i
IVn
coI
s
g
& >
@i 1
ML Lhanh Fng chKL c} chVGJ S\V N Fang v yX Lrt Lh|ng Fwng Lh ZX F Jng.
H}d c FXnh :
as VYn Lc S\V cEa Ffnh Lhanh hV n} chgm FKL
Zs VX Lrt cEa FVm M Lren Lhanh Iao cho hV M chgm FKL Lh yYn Lc cEa nj Fjng
Zkng yYn Lc chgm FKL cEa mL yYL rhV LQ So L yX Lrt M
LLi giDi
as KhV Lhanh F Jng c} Lh om Lhanh Jad Janh FVm O y~V yYn Lc g}c w .
KhV Lhanh v yX Lrt Lh|ng Fwng Lh Lhanh cj Lhr nMng Lhad Lhanh
Zkng chKL FVm nkm LgV hV Lpm & cWch O mL Fogn N2
0
2
mgl
KhV chgm FKL Lh Lhr nMng cEa Lhanh ZVrn ho\n Lo\n Lh\nh Fng
nMng Jad cEa Lhanh :
K
Jad

2
!
2
I

2
2
!
2 $
ml

2
mgl
T F} : w
.g
#
VYn Lc S\V cEa Ffnh Lhanh FOPc Ltnh Lhoo cHng Lhwc y w N .g#
Zs Ta ZVrL rkng yYL rhV LQ So v F cao h hV chgm FKL Lh c} yYn Lc N\ y
2gh
.
R Sqng cHng Lhwc n\d y~V FVm M c} F cao
M
: y
M

2
B
g5
Thoo FJ Z\V : 2
B
g5
M
w
M

.g
#

T F} Lm FOPc :
M

2
$
l
.i
@i H. Wng -8nh $u:t !Do ton Uung $+Vng GhDo Ft
(hu57n -ng ]ua5 (@a thanh -\ng (ht
ML Lhanh AB Fng chKL LVrL SVUn FGJs hV NOPng m chVGJ
S\V Ns FL Lren mL Rh|ng ngang y\ S S\ng Jad Janh Lrqc
Jad c FXnh FV Ja Lr_ng Lpm & y\ yJHng g}c mL Rh|ng
nkm ngang.
Ban FJ nkm den. ML hxn ZV hV NOPng m chJdn Fng
y~V yYn Lc y
i
Lhoo RhOhng nkm ngang y\ c} hO~ng yJHng
g}c y~V Lhanh AB FYR y\o FJ A cEa Lhanh. Va chgm N\
ho\n Lo\n F\n hV. BVrL hU I ma IWL gVa Lhanh y\ mL
Rh|ng nkm ngang N\ . Tm g}c Jad cQc FgV cEa Lhanh IaJ ya chgm.
LLi giDi
SaJ hV ya ya chgm yYL c} yYn Lc ys Lhanh c} yYn Lc g}c
B[o Lo\n mHmon Fng NOPng: my
i
# v v # v
#
#
D
1
12
1
2 2
i
2
+ +

1
B[o Lo\n nMng NOPng
2 2 2 2
i
2 2 2 2
i
12
1
2
1
12
1
2
1
2
1
v # v v # v + +
2
T 1 y\ 2
#
v
i
.

..
R Sqng FXnh N{ Fng nMng:
& mI
I A
:
8
:

y N
mN mg
N
: ^
K 8 8
: 8: J
_

,
. VYd:
y
gN
:
^
K
:

@i H1. Wng -8nh $u:t !Do ton Uung $+Vng GhDo Ft (hu57n -ng ]ua5 (@a h0 .:t
$iNn G9t !Zi thanh $Y t+Zng
ML Lhanh cwng AB hV NOPng hHng
FWng chVGJ S\V Ns v haV FJ c} gn 2 yVen ZV
gVng nhaJs mV yVen c} hV NOPng m. Ban FJ
Lhanh FOPc gV Fwng den v Lrgng LhWV Lh|ng Fwngs
yVen ZV 2 v Lren s ZV 1 v SO~V LVrR jc y~V mL
Rh|ng ngang Lrhn.
ML yVen ZV Lhw . c} hV NOPng m chJdn Fng
y~V yYn Lc y
i
hO~ng yJHng g}c y~V AB Frn ya chgm Jden Lpm y\ Stnh y\o ZV 1. Hd
Lm FVGJ VUn y
i
F hU 2 J[ cJ 1 y\ . hHng rcV mL Rh|ng ngang VYn L}c cEa J[
cJ 2 Zkng Zao nhVeJ hV IR chgm y\o mL Rh|ng ngang.
Li FiGi
SaJ hV ya ya chgm hU J[ cJ 1 y\ . c} yYn Lc: y
1.

2 2
i i
v
.
.1
KhV Lpm C hU . J[ cJ c} yYn Lc: y
c

.
i
v
.
L Lrong hU Jd chVrJ h U JWn Ltnh c} yYn Lc
.
i
v
Io y~V I\n Lh C Fwng dens cxn
J[ cJ 1s. c} yYn Lc: y
1.

D . 2
i i i
v v v

.
&Va Lc hO~ng Lpm yYL 1s . FV y~V Lpm C:
( )
#
v
#
v
&
ht
,
12
.
D
2
i
2
i
1.

,
_
&Va Lc hV Lpm C cEa hU Lren c} RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng a

i
g.
&Va Lc yYL 1s. FV y~V FKL Lren RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng N\: a
1.
a
1.
hL
a
c
. g
#
v
&
12
2
i
1.
$ yYL 1 y\ . npng Nen a
1.
i IJd ra y
i
2
12gN
VYd F yYL 1s . hHng ZX npng Nen Lh y
i
2
12gN.
L Lrong hU Jd chVrJ gn y~V I\n:
V yYL 1s . hHng npng Nen nen LrO~c hV yYL 2 y\ chgm I\n Lh yYn Lc Lhoo RhOhng
ngang . yYL N\:
.
i
. 2 1
v
v v v
n n n

. Thoo $,BTCN:
g#
v
v g#
v v v v v
d
d n n n
2
.
2
2 2

2 2
2
i 2
2
2
i
2
2
2
2
2
.
2
1
+ +
+
+ +
VYd yYn Lc yYL LrO~c hV chgm I\n: y
2
g# v v v
d n
2
b
A
2
i
2
2
2
2
+ +
V~V s
i 2
v v Lh Lg
g#
v
v
v
g#
v
v
v
n
d
2
.
2 .
.
2
.
2
2
i
i
i
2
i
2
2
+
+
.2
@i HH. Wng -8nh $u:t !Do ton #o#Tt Uung $+Vng GhDo Ft (hu57n -ng ]ua5 (@a
thanh -\ng (ht
ML Lhanh hV NOPng M chVGJ S\V
N c} Lh Jad LQ So Janh Lrqc c FXnh O
nkm ngang FV Ja mL FJ Lhanh. T hV
yX Lrt nkm ngang FJ Lhanh Va FOPc Lh[
ra. KhV rhV Frn yX Lrt Lh|ng Fwng Lh n} ya
chgm ho\n Lo\n F\n hV y~V mL yYL nh
hV NOPng m nkm Lren mL Z\n. B Ja
Iwc c[n cEa hHng ht y\ ma IWL v Lrqc
Jad cEa Lhanh.
a. Wc FXnh yYn Lc cEa yYL m ngad IaJ ya
chgm.
Z. Wc FXnh ho[ng cWch I m\ yYL m FV FOPc IaJ ya chgm nrJ hU I ma IWL gVa yYL y\
mL Z\n N\ hHng Rhq LhJc y\o yYn Lc cEa yYL. BVrL rkng ngad IaJ ya chgm Lhanh
Fwng NgV y\ yYL chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn Lren Z\n.
LLi giDi
a. VYn Lc cEa yYL m ngad IaJ ya chgm.
KhV Lhanh rhV Jng ch nMng cEa n} FOPc Z[o Lo\n. Ch_n gc Ltnh Lhr nMng LgV mL Z\n
La c}:
i
Mg
Bg# X
# #
+
2
2 2

Lrong F} I 1. MN
2
&V[V RhOhng Lrnh La FOPc
#
g .
. L ya chgm gVa Lhanh y\ yYL m.
Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n mHmon Fng NOPng La c}: , ,
i
I my.N I
Va chgm N\ ho\n Lo\n F\n hV nen Fng nMng cEa hU Z[o Lo\n.
F

oF
12I
2
12my
2
12 I
2
2
&V[V hU RhOhng Lrnh 1 y\ 2 La FOPc: g#
B
B
v
#
g
B
B
.
.
2
.
.
.

Z. Jng FOcng m\ yYL m FV FOPc Lren Z\n
&Va Lc cEa m Lren Z\n N\ a g.
Jng FOcng yYL FV Lhem FOPc cho Frn hV Sng NgV N\:
I
2
2
2
2
.
D
2
. .
.
]
2 B
# B
g
g#
B
B
&
v
+
+

@i HI
..
ML chKL FVm chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc y L~V ya chgm y\o FJ A cEa Lhanh Vm
NogV Ms chVGJ S\V N FOPc Lroo y\o O v mL FJ cEa Lhanh. CoV ya
chgm F\n hV. VYn Lc cEa chKL FVm IaJ ya chgm y cEa chJdn
Fng cng RhOhng chVGJ y~V v
r
y\ NVen rL N\ ho\n h[o.
ay y\
t
Z &}c NUch cQc FgV
cEa Lhanh hV RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng

c SQ mKL mWL Fng nMng LOhng FV cEa chJdn Fng Lhoo Lf
I n
B
s hV n\o Lh
ma
LLi giDi
a Trong IJL JW Lrnh ya chams monmo cEa ngogV NQc LWc Sqng Nen hU chKL FVm
Lhanh Zkng i FV y~V Lrqc Jad Ja O. Nen
i

uuuuur r
] c>nst .
Ta c}: B[o Lo\n momon Fng NOPng: myN myN I
1
B[o Lo\n Fng nMng: m
2
2
v
m
2
2
v
2
2
X
2
MHmon JWn Ltnh cEa Lhanh: I
2
.
B#
.
mNy y I
my
2
y
2

2
I

v v
#
+
mNy y
2
.
B#

SJd ra y
.
.
.
B
v
B
+
]
La Lm FOPc:

D
.
.
v
B # +
C
SaJ ya chgm v
ur
cng RhOhng chVGJ y~V v
r
nen La c} y i
. B

Z Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng:

2
2
X
Mg
1 coI
2
#
IVn
2
2
2
D
2 .
X v
g# B g#
_

,
IVn

D
.
.
v
B
g#
+

c SQ mKL mWL nMng NOPng LOhng FV

2
I 2
2
2 2
2
X
v v

12 12
2 b
.
D
B
B
B

+
+ +
M\
b
2 b D
B
B
+
. (KJ Zkng [d ra hV y\ chf hV
1
.
B

.]
Nen
ma
12 1
1
D D .
B

+

@i HM. EhDo Ft (hu57n -ng (@a h0 .:t t6Nn hai #It JhKng !Qng BLBT (,
Thanh AB cwngs nh chVGJ S\V N mV FJ gn
mL J[ cJ nh hV NOPng Zkng nhaJs LQa y\o
LOcng Lh|ng Fwng Hnh y. TrJdGn cho J[ cJ B
mL yYn Lc rKL nh F n} LrOPL Lren mL I\n nkm
ngang. &V[ LhVrL rkng Lrong JW Lrnh chJdn Fng
Lhanh AB NJHn nkm Lrong mL Rh|ng yJHng g}c y~V
LOcng y\ I\n. B Ja ma IWL gVa cWc J[ cJ y~V
LOcng y\ I\n. &Va Lc Lr_ng LrOcng N\ g.
a. Wc FXnh g}c hPR ZvV Lhanh y~V I\n y\o LhcV FVm m\ J\ cJ A ZL FJ rcV hV
LOcng.
Z. Ttnh yYn Lc cEa J[ cJ B hV F}.
LLi giDi
a. V\o LhcV FVm FJ A cxn LQa y\o LOcng. AB hPR y~V
RhOhng ngang mL g}c . VYn Lc cEa A y\ B N\
6
v y\
B
v Njc F} A FV Jng mL Fogn N1
IVn
Z. $Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng: mg

2
1
IVn 1
2
1
2 2 2 2
B 6 B 6
v v g# v v + +
1
V Lhanh AB cwng nen Lhoo FXnh Nt yG hnh chVrJ cEa haV FVm As B Lren yYL rn:
B 6 B 6
v v v v

IVn
coI
coI IVn
T 1 y\ 2 La IJd ra gN1IVn

2 2
2
2
IVn . IVn 1 2
IVn
1
2
1
g# v v
B B
KhV A chOa rcV LOcng Lh NQc gpd ra gVa Lc y\ yYn Lc Lhoo RhOhng ngang nkm ngang
N\ Rh[n NQc cEa LOcng LWc Sqng Nen A Lhoo RhOhng ngang. ,Qc n\d N\ y
&
LMng Sn. Nen
hV FJ A rcV LOcng Lwc N is a
&
i y\ y
&
FgL cQc FgV
M\ y
B
2y
&
nen y
B
FgL gVW LrX cQc FgV
L RhOhng Lrnh:
2
IVn
.
2
IVn
IVn 1 ` IVn . IVn 1 2
2 2

g# g# v
B
Ta LhKd : c>nst
1
]
1
+ +
.
2
IVn
2
IVn
IVn 1
2A
1
2
IVn
.
2
IVn
IVn 1

Nen y
B
FgL cQc FgV hV
i
]2
.
2
IVn
2
IVn
IVn 1
.C
Z. Thad IVn 2. y\o . La FOPc y
B
g#
2A
`
@i HP
Thanh ABC hV NOPng Ms chVGJ S\V 2,s gKR NgV LgV LrJng FVm B FL Lren mL
Rh|ng nkm ngang. VYL m chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc
i
v
uur
Lren mL Rh|ng nkm ngang Lhoo
RhOhng yJHng g}c y~V BCs ya chgm y~V Lhanh LgV C. CoV ya chgm N\ F\n hVs Z Ja
ma IWL. Tm FVGJ VUn cEa m F IaJ ya chgm yYL ZX ZYL ngOPc Lrv NgV .
LLi giDi
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng y\ mHmon Fng NOPng FV y~V &:
my
o
my
1
My
2
1

X
#
v
#
v
>
+
]
.
.
]
.
.
1

2
WR Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng:

2 2 2 2
0 ! 2
2 2 2 2
mv mv Mv I
+ +
.
V~V :
2
2
2

2
2
12 2
C
2
] 2]
1
1
+
1
1
]

A
A
B
]
B
X VA
]
VA X B]

&V[V hU RhOhng Lrnh
2 2
i 1 2
1 2
C 1`
1` C
C
2]

>
v ] ] v
v v v
v v Bv

+

$VGJ VUn m ZX ZYL ngOPc Lrv NgV N\ y
1
i. #jL ra:
2b
C
<
B
.
@i Hx
Thanh AB y~V chVGJ S\V N FOPc Lroo Zkng h~R y\o FVm
A hnh y . Cho rkng Z Ja FOPc ma IWL v h~Rs hd Wc FXnh
yYn Lc g}c
i
Z nhKL cn Rh[V LrJdGn cho Lhanh F Lhanh c} FgL

L~V yX Lrt nkm ngang.
.D
A
B
,
,
N
C
m
M
&
i
v
uur
B
1
A
B
i
LLi giDi
CWc FgV NOPng F ZVrL N\ :
1
i
y\ F ScV cEa hU Wc FXnh ZvV g}c B
i
AB
1
. (o F} F
gV[V Z\V LoWn n\d LVUn hhn c[ N\ I Sqng FXnh N{ ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng.
V Fpd N\ hU hHng ZVrn hnhs La c} RhOhng Lrnh ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng N\:
1 i i1
ng
A 1
&_V m N\ hV NOPng cEa Lhanhs La hd Wc FXnh cWc FgV NOPng Lham gVa RhOhng Lrnh.
Ta c} Fng nMng cEa hU v yX Lrt Zan FJ N\:

2 2 2
i i i
1 1
2 D
A
m-
2
V ypn Lc cEa Lhanh v yX Lrt cJV cung Zkng hHng
1
i
.
,Ven rL h~R A N\ N{ LOvngs nen chf c} NQc chE Fng P mg LhQc hVUn cHng y\
Zkng:
A P.h
c
mg
2
-
]
Thad 2 s . y\ ] y\o 1 La FOPc :
2 2
i
1
D
m-
mg
2
-

i
.g
-

VYd Rh[V Lgo cho Lhanh mL yYn Lc g}c nh nhKL
i
.g
-
F Lhanh c} Lh FgL Frn yX
Lrt nkm ngang.
C}u Hy. M:t 6;n (hu57n -ng t6Nn #t #It
(û
ML hV Lrq Fc c} hV NOPng m y\
ZWn tnh r ZL FJ NMn hHng LrOPL Zen Lrong
mL mL Lrq c} ma IWL ZWn tnh # L mL yX Lrt
Wc FXnh ZvV g}c
i
. Hd Wc FXnh Wh NQc cEa
hV Lrq LgV mL yX Lrt LJ { Wc FXnh ZvV g}c
.
LLi giDi
R NQc cEa hV Lrq L\V mL yX Lrt LJ { Wc
FXnh ZvV g}c .
PhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fng cEa hV Lrq: & 7 V P + + 1.
HPR NQc LWc Sqng y\o yYL hO~ng Lpm J Fgo N\ NQc hO~ng Lpm.
ChVrJ 1 Nen RhOhng RhWR LJdrn La FOPc:
coI

2
P V
r +
v

2
Ch_n mc Ltnh Lhr nMng LgV yX Lrt cpn Zkng cEa hV Lpm Lrq
L yYL LgV yX Lrt Zan FJ g}c
i
:
.A
Ch nMng:
N

N

L
mg# r1coI
i
.
L yYL LgV yX Lrt g}c ZKL .
Ch nMng:
2
mg# r1coI
2 2
2
1
2
1
X v +
Trong F} I 12m#
2
N\ mHmon JWn Ltnh cEa hV Lrqs
r
v

N\ yYn Lc g}c cEa hV
Lrq Jad Janh hV Lpm.
2
mg#r1coI
2
2
2
2
2 2
]
.
coI 1
2
1
2
1
2
1
v r + g
r
v
r v + + ]
V
1

2
mg# r coI coI
i
.]my
2

coI coI
.
]

i
2

g
r +
v
C
Thad C y\o 1 La Lm FOPc: N P. AcoI ]coI
i
_4u 2`.
Hnh Lrq Fng chKL hV NOPng m ZWn tnh r NMn hHng LrOPL Lren mL ZWn Lrq c
FXnh ZWn tnh # L Ffnh y~V yYn Lc FJ V
i
i
1. Wc FXnh yYn Lc hV Lpm hnh Lrq Lhoo g}c N\ g}c hPR ZvV FOcng Lh|ng Fwng y\
FOcng Lh|ng nV Lpm haV Lrq.
2. $Xnh yX Lrt hnh Lrq r rcV mL Lrq #. B Ja ma IWL
LLi giDi
1. Wc FXnh yYn Lc hV Lpm hnh Lrq Lhoo g}c N\ g}c hPR ZvV FOcng Lh|ng Fwng y\
FOcng Lh|ng nV Lpm haV Lrq
R Sqng FXnh N{ Fng nMng:
F

Fi
A
R
1
V~V
Fi
i
2
2
1
2
1
2 2
S
X v
;
+
y
C
# r
N\ yYn Lc g}c cEa hV Lpm C Lrq nh FV y~V Lpm O cEa Lrq N~n
2
\ yYn Lc g}c cEa Lrq nh Janh hV Lpm C
,Mn hHng LrOPL nen: r # r 2
2 2
S

]
.
r + +
.
.`
A
R
mg# r1coI ]
T 1s 2s .s ] coI 1
.
]
+ r +
g
v
c
C
2. T yX Lrt hnh Lrq r rcV mL Lrq #:
R Sqng FXnh NJYL II NVJ Lhn cho hnh Lrq:
V P &
c
+
ChVrJ hU Lhwc yoc Lh Nen Lrqc hO~ng Lpm:
r +
v
g n V g
r +
v
; ;
+

+
2 2
coI coI D
KhV F} N i. T C y\ D IJd ra:
A
]
arccoI
A
]
coI
@i H Bi ton FR 23ng -8nh $u:t !Do ton
#o#Tnt Uung $+Vng
ML Fâ Lrxn Fng chKLs Lr_ng NOPng N\ s
ZWn tnh # Jad FOPc Janh mL Lrqc Lh|ng Fwng
AB FV Ja Lpm Fâ y\ yJHng g}c y~V Fâ. Tren
y\nh Fâ c} mL chKL FVm M c} Lr_ng NOPng N\ P.
$â Jad Janh Lrqc y~V yYn Lc g}c
i
. TgV mL
LhcV FVm n\o F} chKL FVm M chJdn Fng Lhoo
y\nh Fâ y~V yYn Lc LOhng FV Io y~V Fâ N\ J.
Tm yYn Lc g}c cEa Fâ Njc F}.
LLi giDi
Kh[o IWL ch hU gm Fâ y\ chKL FVm M. $â c} Lh Jad Janh Lrqc c FXnh Lh|ng
Fwngs cxn chKL FVm M chJdn Fng Lren mL Fâ Lhoo FOcng Lrxn Lpm Os ZWn tnh
OM chJdn Fng LOhng FV y~V yYn Lc J y\ cng Jad y~V Fâ Janh Lrqc chJdn
Fng Lhoo
CWc ngogV NQc LWc Sqng Nen hU gm cWc Lr_ng NQc Q
r
s
P
r
y\ cWc Rh[n NQc
A
R
r
s
B
R
r
LgV cWc
Lrqc A y\ B.
V hU ngogV NQc gm cWc NQc Iong Iong y\ cL Lrqc La c} :

i
)
z
z *
dL
M (F )
dt

conIL

i 1
Trong F}: ,
N\ MHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU Lhoo Lrqc LgV LhcV FVm ZKL . ,
i N\
MHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU Lhoo Lrqc LgV LhcV FVm Zan FJ.
.b
#
A
P
r
B
#
B
i
O
A
&V[ I rkng LgV LhcV FVm FJ chKL FVm nkm den Lren Fâ y\ cng y~V Fâ Jad Janh
Lrqc Lhoo chVGJ SOhng y~V yYn Lc g}c
i
MHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU Lhoo Lrqc LgV LhcV FVm Zan FJ N\:
,
i ,
1
i ,
2
i
Trong F}: ,
1
i
i z

2
i
2
Q
R
g

N\ mHmon Fng NOPng cEa Fâ Lhoo Lrqc LgV LhcV
FVm Zan FJ.
,
2
i #.
P
.v
g

i
P
R R
g

2
i
P
R
g

N\ mHmon Fng NOPng cEa chKL FVm
Lhoo Lrqc LgV LhcV FVm Zan FJ.
i
( )
2
i
2
2
Q P
R
g
+
2
KhV chKL FVm chJdn Fng FV Fâ y~V yYn Lc J Lhoo chVGJ SOhng cEa Lh Fâ I
Jad Janh Lrqc y~V yYn Lc g}c N\
cng Lhoo chVGJ SOhng.

SJd ra La c} mHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU Lhoo Lrqc LgV LhcV FVm ZKL N\:
,
,
1
,
2

Trong F}: ,
1

z

2
2
Q
R
g

N\ mHmon Fng NOPng cEa chKL FVm Lhoo Lrqc LgV LhcV
FVm ZKL .
,
2
#.
,
P
.v
g

P
R ( R u)
g
+
N\ mHmon Fng NOPng cEa chKL FVm Lhoo Lrqc
LgV LhcV FVm ZKL .

( ) 2 2
2
R Q P PRu
g
+ +
.
Thad 2 y\ . y\o 1 La FOPc:
( )
i
2
2
Pu
Q P R

+
$â Jad Janh Lrqc Lhoo chVGJ pm had SOhng Rhq LhJc y\o
( )
i
2
2
Pu
Q P R

+

SOhng had pm.
@i I
HaV Fâ cng FOPc gn y\o Lrqc Jad hnh y. NgOcV La cho Lrqc hhV on rV
Lh[ ra. Hd Wc FXnh hU Lhwc gVa cWc yYn Lc g}c y\ cWc g}c Jad cEa cWc Fâ hV
chjng Sao Fng on. Cho rkng hV NOPng cEa Lrqc Z hHng FWng s cxn mHmon
JWn Ltnh cEa cWc Fâ FV y~V Lrqc N\ I
1
y\ I
2
N\ cWc FgV NOPng F ZVrL.
LLi giDi
]i
I
2
I
1

$ Z Ja cWc NQc F\n hV chOa ZVrL y\ c} LWc Sqng gpd ra Sao Fng v cWc Fâs La om
Lrqc y\ cWc Fâ nhO mL hU.
CWc NQc ngo\V LWc Sqng Nen hU gm: Rh[n NQc cEa cWc gV F y\ Lr_ng NQc FGJ cL Lrqc
y yYd:

i
. *
M (F )
conIL.
VYd mHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU Z[o Lo\n.
Ta c} mHmon Jng NOPng Zan FJ cEa hU N\: ,
1
i 1
Ta c} mHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU hV Sao Fng N\: ,
2
I
1
.
1
I
2
.
2
2
y mHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU FV y~ Lrqc Zkng Lng mHmon Fng NOPng cEa cWc Fâ
FV y~V cng Lrqc F}. T 1 y\ 2 La c}:
2
1 2
1
+
+

.
Ttch Rhpn 2 yr . L i cho Frn L La c}:
2 2
1 2 1 2
i i 1 1
t t
+ +
dt dt
+ +

Trong F}
1
y\
2
N\ cWc g}c on cEa cWc Fâ L yX Lrt Zan FJ. BvV yYds Sao Fng I
[d ra ngOPc chVGJ nhaJs ZVen F Sao Fng g}c L NU nghXch y~V mHmon JWn Ltnh cEa
cWc Fâ.
@i I1
ML con gVWn hV NOPng m Zx ngOPc chVGJ Vm Fng h Lhoo mR mL cWV
had nhVGJ H mL cWV Fâ Lrxn NR Lren mL Lrqc Lh|ng
Fwng s ZWn tnh #s mHmon JWn Ltnh Is y~V Lrqc hHng
ma IWL. VYn Lc cEa con gVWn FV y~V LrWV FKL N\ ys cxn
had Jad Lhoo chVGJ Vm Fng h y~V yYn Lc g}c
i
.
Con gVWn Lm FOPc mJ yqn ZWnh m v mR had y\ Sng
NgV.
a VYn Lc g}c cEa had IaJ hV con gVWn Sng NgVs N\
Zao nhVeJ
Z Ch nMng cEa hU c} Z[o Lo\n hHng
LLi giDi
MHmon JWn Ltnh
g
+
cEa con gVWn FV y~V Lrqc Jad N\:
g
+
m.#
2
.
VYn Lc g}c cEa con gVWn FV y~V Lrqc Jad N\:
g
v
R

.
MHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU hV con gVWn Zx N\:
i g g
L
m
2
v
R
R

i

m
i
Rv
1
]1
v
r
i
r
i
r
g
r
#
mg
T
m
O
R
Trong
M
M to
g
MHmon Fng NOPng cEa hU hV con gVWn Sng NgV N\:
( ) ( )
2 ,
g
L mR + +
2
Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n mHmon Fng NOPng Lh :
,
L L
( )
2
i
mR mRv +
i
2
mRv
mR

+
.
$ng nMng cEa hU hV con gVWn Fang Zx N\:
K
1
K
g
K
i

2 2
i
1 1
2 2
mv +
]
$ng nMng cEa hU hV con gVWn Sng NgV N\:
K
2
( ) ( )
2 2
i
2
1 1
2 2
g
mRv
mR
mR
_
+ +

+
,
C
$ ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng Lrong JW Lrnh ZVrn LhVen F} N\:

2 1

D
Thad ] s C y\o D y\ ZVrn FV La c}:

2 1

( )
( )
2
i
2
2
m v R
mR
+
+
i
K
2
K
1
: $ng nMng ch nMng cEa hU ZX gV[m hHng FOPc Z[o Lo\n.
@i IH
ML cWV LcV Lrng Jad om nhO hnh Lrq Lpm O cung N\ hV Lpm c} ZWn tnh #s
momon JWn Ltnh I FV y~V Lrqc cEa n}. ML Spd cWR hV NOPng hHng FWng s ho\n
Lo\n mGm FOPc JKn Janh Lrng FJ SO~V cEa Spd cWR nV y~V L[V hV NOPng m.
Trng c} Lh Jad hHng ma IWL Janh Lrqc c
FXnh nhc Fng ch LWc Fng mL ngTJ NQc c}
momon M conIL. Wc FXnh gVa Lc Lh|ng
Fwng cEa L[V Lr_ng.
LLi giDi

CBLh 1: S Sqng RhOhng RhWR Fng NQc h_c
&_V T N\ NQc cMng Spds
N\ gVa Lc g}c cEa

Lrng. a
d
N\ gVa Lc cEa L[V m
M T# I
Ta c}: T mg ma
d
a
d

#
]2
Lm FOPc T
2
mRM mgI
mR I
+
+
a
d

2
2

+
T g B+ + g
+ X
CBLh H: S Sqng
B
dt
d]
ngogV

L

2
( )
v
I mRv I mR
R
+ +

g+ B B
ng>&i

SJd ra I m#
2
+
&
M " mg# La Lm FOPc
2
( ) M mgR R
a
I mR
+
@i II Wao -ng (@a .:t 6;n
$ Fo gVa Lc Lr_ng LrOcng gs ngOcV La c} Lh Sng con Nc rJngs gm mL NW
LhR Rh|ng chVGJ S\V Ns hV NOPng ms mL FJ cEa NW LhR gn chL y\o FVm O cEa
gVWs cxn FJ Va gn mL chKL FVm hV NOPng M. v yX Lrt cpn Zkng NW LhR Lh|ng Fwng.
KhV N\m NW LhR NUch hV yX Lrt cpn Zkng mL g}c nh raSVan Lh IVnh ra momon
NQc c. c N\ mL hU I hHng FV o NW LhR Lrv yG yX Lrt Kd om hnh y. Tr_ng Lpm
cEa NW LhR nkm LgV LrJng FVm cEa n} y\ momon JWn Ltnh cEa rVeng NW LhR FV y~V
Lrqc Jad Ja O N\ .
2
# .
as Ttnh chJ T cWc Sao Fng nh cEa con Nc.
Zs Cho N is2ims m isi1gs M is1ig. $ con Nc c} Lh Sao Fngs hU I c Rh[V
N~n hhn gVW LrX n\o BVrL g hHng yOPL JW
2
b s b s .
cs Cho Ns ms M c} cWc gVW LrX nhO v mqc Zs c is2i`. NrJ Fo FOPc T 1iI Lh g c} gVW
LrX Zkng Zao nhVeJ
Ss Cho Ns ms Ms c c} cWc gVW LrX cho v mqc c. Ttnh F nhgd cEa con Ncs Wc FXnh ZvV
dg
dT
s ST N\ ZVrn LhVen nh cEa T wng y~V ZVrn LhVen nh Sg cEa g Janh gVW LrX LrJng
Znh
2
i
` s b s g
. NrJ v gn
i
g
s gVa Lc
g
LMng
2
i1 s i s Lh T LMng had gV[m Zao
nhVeJ
os L mL con Nc Fhn c} chVGJ S\V , 1m cung Sng F Fo g. Ttnh F nhgd cEa con
Nc Fhn v gn gVW LrX LrJng Znh
i
g
g LMng
2
i1 s i s Lh chJ T cEa con Nc Fhn LMng
had gV[m Zao nhVeJ So IWnh F nhgd cEa haV con Nc. T6a(h -1 thi (hPn hP( Finh
.o -i tu57n 2) o$5#Ji( .:t $Y (h4u n?# 200=
].
LLi giDi
a Momon JWn Ltnh cEa con Nc I
.
2
#

2
B#
2
# B
.
Momon NQc M
g
2
#
IVn
IVn Bg#
c

1
]
1
+ c
B g#
2

PhOhng Lrnh
=
..
M
2
#
..
B +

1
]
1
+ c
B g#
2

had

2
..
B #
B g# c
+
+
+
i
&V[ LhVrL
B g# c + >
s con Nc Sao Fng nh y~V chJ :
T
2
2
B g# c
B #
+
+
1
Z $VGJ VUn
B g# c + >
s y~V
2
ma
b s b s g
cho
1iC s i . 2 s i . b s b > c
had
2iAb s i > c
.
c $L
s ii]1.2 s i
.
2
+
B # &

i21 s i
2
+
B # 1
Fhn yX SI.
1
1g c
&
T
2
2s had
1g c
& T
2
2
]
s y~V T 1i I Ltnh FOPc
2
`. s b s g .
S ,Kd Nn haV yr cEa 2
Nn
2
1
Nn
2
1
2 Nn Nn 1g c & T +
,Kd Fgo h\m FV y~V
g
s y~V T N\ h\m cEa
g
:
2
1
1g c
1
dg
dT
T
F nhgd
2 1g c
1T
dg
dT
.
V~V
i21 s i 1
s
2i` s i c
Lh y~V
` s b g g
2
s y\ s T 1i s La c}
]`
dg
dT
.
g
LMng
2
i1 s i s Lh T LMng
s ]` s i
s S S\ng Fo FOPc.
_hb YA NrJ Ltnh LrQc LVrR
dg
dT
L 2s hHng Ja Nn Lh Rhwc LgR. Cung hHng cn
Lhad T Lrong . Zkng 2s y La F ZVrL y~V
i
g g
Lh s T 1i .
]]
k
g
O
R
C
02
T
T
01
x
mg
02
T
C
01
T
o V~V con Nc Fhn
g
]
T 2
s N\m LOhng LQ:
g ] T Nn
2
1
Nn
2
1
2 Nn Nn +
. ,Kd Fgo
h\m FV y~V
g

g dg
dT
T 2
1 1

g
T
dg
dT
2

.
Con Nc Fhn c} ] 1 Lh s T 2 . V~V
2
` s b s g Lh
1 s i
dg
dT

g
LMng
2
i1 s i s
Lh T gV[m
s ii1 s i
s hHng Fo FOPc. VYd con Nc rJng nhgd hhn con Nc Fhn N\:
( )
IVn
.
.
i
t
# B
v
y~V
.
2
2
.
B #
B g
+
+

s Ln I
2
T
y\ g}c NUch cQc FgV
# B
v

.
.
i
i ma
+

@i IM
Ttnh chJ Sao Fng Lh|ng Fwng cEa Lpm C cEa hnh Lrq Fng nhKL hV NOPng
ms ZWn tnh #s c} momon JWn Ltnh FV y~V Lrqc N\
2
2
1
+
. SPV Spd hHng Sns hHng
hV NOPngs hHng LrOPL Nen rxng r_c. ,x o c} hU I F\n hV N\
LLi giDi
CBLh 1 RhOhng RhWR Fng h_cs Fng NQc h_c
TgV yX Lrt cpn Zkng La c}:
T
i1
T
i2

2
g
s T
i2
. #
2
g
mg 2 . # i
TgV NV F cEa C Nx o Sn # 2.
Ta c} RhOhng Lrnh Fng NQc h_c:
T
1
T
2
# I
I
+
5
T
1

2
2
1
T 5 +

M\ T
2

F
# 2
PhOhng Lrnh Fng NQc II NowLon:
T
2
T
1
mg m
rjL ra
i
.
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5
.
y~V
.
.
`

ChJ Sao Fng cEa hV Lpm C N\ : T
2 .
2
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CBLh H: PhOhng RhWR nMng NOPng
Ta c}: hV C v NV F s Nx o Sn Lhem 2.
]C
E
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2 2
k x
I mv
const
+ +

+
5
+
v

$go h\m ] Lhoo LhcV gVan rV Lhad C y\o La FOPc:
m
i ]
2
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+
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ChJ Sao Fng cEa hV Lpm C N\ : T
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Bi Cc
ML hnh Lrq Fc Fng chKLs Lr_ng NOPng Ps ZWn tnh r FL Lrong mL mL Nm
ZWn tnh cong # hnh y. FVm Lren cEa hnh Lrq ngOcV La gn 2 Nx o y~V F cwng
nhO nhaJ. Tm chJ Sao Fng nh cEa hnh Lrq y~V
gV[ LhVrL hnh Lrq NMn hHng LrOPL.
LLi giDi
$Xnh NJYL II NowLon:
2 Mg
mI
Ma 1
2
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#
r
#
A
A
B
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C
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Chj { N\:
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i

]A
I". H THSNG !I T,P TH&M )H1'
@i 1
ML J[ Z}ng ZWn tnh # c} Lh Jad Janh mL Lrqc c
FXnh nkm ngang OO. ML S[V ZMng gVWR cwng FOPc N\m Lh\nh
mL na hnh Lrq ZWn tnh # sWR SQa y\o J[ Z}ng L Zen SO~V
chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc y hO~ng nkm ngang y\ yJHng g}c y~V
Lrqc OOhnh y. Hd Ltnh yYn Lc g}c cEa IQ Jad cEa Z}ng.
@i H
Tren ZG mL nkm ngang hHng ma IWL c} haV
cWV Fâ gVng nhaJhy. K{ hVUJ cWc FOcng y\ yYn
Lc g}c nhO Zens tch LhO~c # y\ r # rsya chgm N\
F\n hV. Wc FXnh yYn Lc Fâ IaJ ya chgm.
@i I
2ng Lh\nh mng hV NOPng m Jad Jng Janh Lrqc cEa n} y\ Zen cgnh n} c}
mL ng nhO Lhr Zan FJ Fwng den Lren nGn nkm
nganghy.HU I ma IWL gVa LKL c[ cWc ZG mL LVrR gVWR nhaJ
y\ Zkng
2
. Ttnh gVa Lc chJdn Fng cEa ng Zan FJ
Jad
@i M
ML hnh Lrqc JKn Janh mnh mL IPV Spd FOPc
c FXnh mL FJs mL FJ Lren mL Rh|ng nghVengs
nghVeng mL g}c
y~V RhOhng ngang hy. v mL LhcV

FVms hV Spd Lh|ng Fwng Lh yYn Lc g}c cEa hnh Lrq N\
. Ttnh LgV LhcV FVm F}:

a VYn Lc cEa Lrqc hnh Lrq
Z VYn Lc cEa mL FVm Lren hnh Lrq N\ LVrR FVm y~V
RhOhng ngang. BWn tnh hnh
Lrq N\ #.
@i P
V~V gVW LrX cEa g}c
nhO Lhr n\o Lh 2 hV NYR

RhOhng gVng nhaJ c} Lh nkm
cpn Zkng nhO hnh y. HU I ma IWL gVa hV y\ gVW LrX N\
s
gVa cWc hV y~V nhaJ coV nhO N\ rKL nh.
@i x
ML Lhanh AB Fng nhKL chVGJ S\V 2Zs mL FJ LQa
Lren mL FKL nkm ngangs FJ Va LQa y\o LOcng Lh|ng
]`
Fwng. VX Lrt cEa Lhanh FOPc Wc FXnh Lhoo g}c OsO&. B Ja m_V ma IWL.
LhcV FVm Zan FJ
i
s Lhanh Fwng den. Ttnh Rh[n NQc N
B
cEa LOcng Nen Lhanh L F}
IJd ra g}c nghVeng
1
m\ LgV F} Lhanh rcV hV LOcng.
@i y
ML hnh Lrq rng hV NOPng m NMn Jng Lhoo mL mL Rh|ng nghVengy~V g}c
o
]C NMn hHng LrOPL. ZG mL Rhta Lrong cEa hnh Lrq LJdUL FV nhn c} mL yYL
nh hV NOPng m M2. HV g}c
a
hV hnh Lrq Fang NMn.
@i ~
ML Lhanh hHng hV NOPng nV y~V mL
J[ nng v FJ Lren ZL FJ rhV L yX Lrt Lh|ng
Fwng hHng yYn Lc FJ. $J SO~V ZX chn mL
Rhta nhO hnh y. HV g}c gVa yc Lh yYn Lc y\
RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng v LhcV FVm n} chgm mL
Rh|ng ngang
@i
ML hnh Lrq Fc hV NOPng m ZWn tnh r c} Lh NMn hHng
LrOPL Lhoo mL Lrong cEa mL hnh Lrq rng hV NOPng Ms ZWn tnh #.
Hnh Lrq N~n n\d c} Lh Jad Jng Janh Lrqc cEa n} Lhoo RhOhng
ngang. CWc Lrqc cEa cWc hnh Lrq Iong Iong y~V nhaJ. B Ja m_V ma
IWL. Ban FJ hnh Lrq Fc v yX Lrt m\ FOcng nV Lpm haV hnh Lrq NUch mL g}c nh Io
y~V RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng. Th[ cho cWc hnh Lrq Sao Fng. VVrL RhOhng Lrnh Sao Fng
cEa cWc hnh Lrq.
@i 1
VYL rn c} hV NOPng M c} Lh Jad Janh Lrqc c FXnh nkm ngang SV Ja
FVm O nkm Lren yYLs mH mon JWn Ltnh cEa yYL y~V Lrqc Jad n\d N\ I. v FVm A cWch
O mL Fogn Zkng S La nV mL yYL m Zkng Lhanh AB hHng hV NOPng c} chVGJ S\V N
y\ c} Lh Jad Janh A Lrong mL Rh|ng Jad cEa yYL rn. Tm chJ Sao Fng nh
cEa cWc yYL.
@i 11
VYL A c} hV NOPng M nV y~V yYL B hV NOPng m Zkng Lhanh AB c} hV
NOPng hHng FWng . VYL A nkm Lren mL Rh|ng ngang nhn y\ ZJc y~V FJ mL Nx
o c} F cwng s FJ cxn NgV cEa Nx o chL c FXnh LgV O Lren mL Rh|ng ngang. KhV
yYL B Sao Fng Lrong mL Rh|ng Lh|ng Fwng F o yYL A Sao Fng Lhoo FOcng Lh|ng
o nkm ngang. VVrL RhOhng Lrnh Sao Fng cEa cWc yYL ZVrL v LhcV FVm Zan FJs yYL B
v yX Lrt c} g}c NUch
i
Io y~V RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng Od y\ yYn Lc y
i
hO~ng yJHng g}c
y~V AB yG yX Lrt cpn Zkng.
]b

@i 1H
ML y\nh o ZWn tnh # NMn hHng LrOPL Lren mL Z\n nkm ngangs yYn Lc cEa
hV Lpm & N\ V
i
. &_V I N\ mL FVm Lren y\nhs Zan FJ I LVrR jc y~V Z\n. Wc FXnh
RhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fngs yYn Lc y\ gVa Lc cEa I.
@i 1I
ML J[ cJ ZWn tnh # NMn hHng LrOPL Lren mL mL Rh|ng nghVeng yhV gVa Lc
hHng FV N\ a. mL LhcV FVm L yX Lrt cEa cWc FVm nhO hnh
y. Hd Wc FXnh yYn Lc y\ gVa Lc cEa As B y\ O.
@i 1M
ML J[ cJ ZWn tnh # NMn hHng LrOPL Lren mL mWng
hnh ch V y~V g}c mv N\ . VYn Lc cEa hV Lpm O N\ y
i
. Hd Wc FXnh yYn Lc g}c
cEa J[ cJ.
@i 1P
ML hnh n}n Lrxn oad c} na g}c v Ffnh N\ s
ZWn tnh FWd N\ rs NMn hHng LrOPL Lren mL Rh|ng ngang
nhO hnh y: $fnh cEa n}n FOPc h~R y\o mL FVm O c}
cng F cao y~V Lpm C cEa FWd. VYn Lc cEa C N\ y
i
. Hd
Wc FXnh yYn Lc g}c y\ gVa Lc g}c cEa hnh n}n.
@i 1x
Tren mL mL Rh|ng ngang c} mL y\nh FaV Fwng den ZWn tnh #. ML y\nh FaV
hWc gVng hUL nhO Lhr chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc y. Tm IQ Rhq LhJc yYn Lc J cEa
gVao FVm 2 y\nh FaV y\o ho[ng cWch S gVa haV Lpm. CWc y\nh FaV FGJ m[nh y\ NJHn
chgm nhaJ Lrong JW Lrnh chJdn Fng.
@i 1y
NgOcV La pJ 2 chVrc yxng OsO y\o haV Lrqc Iong Iong
cWch nhaJ mL ho[ng S. ML IPV Spd FOPc ZJc c FXnh v A
rV NJn Ja 2 yxng. Vxng O FV Jng y~V yYn Lc y hHng FV.
Tm gVa Lc cEa yxng O hV Spd Lgo y~V AB g}c .
@i 1~
HaV Lhanh LhR c} chVGJ S\V OA ,
1
s BO ,
2
NVen rL nhaJ Zkng mL h~R nV
O. NgOcV La o haV FJ AsB cEa haV Lhanh F} Lhoo mL RhOhng ngang yG haV Rhta
ngOPc chVGJ nhaJ y~V yYn Lc hHng FV y
1
sy
2
. Wc FXnh gVa Lc cEa h~R nV O Njc haV
Lhanh yJHng g}c nhaJs ZVrL haV Lhanh NJHn nkm Lrong cng mL mL Rh|ng.
@i 1
Ci
A
B
O
S
O
O
A
ML J[ cJ Fc Fng chKL hV NOPng ms ZWn tnh # NMn hHng LrOPL Lren mL
mL Rh|ng nghVeng hPR y~V RhOhng ngang g}c . Tm:
a. &VW LrX cEa hU I ma IWL F IQ LrOPL hHng [d ra.
Z. $ng nMng cEa J[ cJ IaJ L gVpd L Njc ZL FJ chJdn Fng.
@i H
ML cWV Fâ Fng chKL c} ZWn tnh #s Jad LgV ch y~V yYn Lc g}c Zan FJ Q
i
.
HU I ma IWL gVa Fâ y\ mL Rh|ng ngang N\ . Tm I yxng m\ Fâ Jad Lhem FOPc
cho Frn hV Sng NgV.
@i H1
Cho mL ch hU nhO hnh y. HU I ma IWL gVa m
1
y\ Z\n N\ . #xng r_c coV nhO
mL Fâ Lrxn Fc hV NOPng M ZWn tnh # c} Lh Jad hHng ma IWL Janh Lrqc. VYL
m
2
Zan FJ v cWch mL FKL mL ho[ng h. Th[ cho hU
chJdn Fng L nghf.
1. Tm gVa Lc cEa cWc yYL y\ L I cEa haV NQc cMng
Spd LrO~c hV m
1
chgm FKL.
2. SaJ hV m
1
chgm FKL yYL m
2
chJdn Fng nhO Lhr
n\o
@i HH
ML hnh Lrq Fc Fng chKL ZWn tnh #s hV NOPng M c} Lh Jad LQ So Janh
mL Lrqc nkm ngang FV Ja Lpm. Tren Lrq c} cJn mL IPV Spd m[nh c}
F S\V N y\ hV NOPng m. Tm gVa Lc g}c cEa hnh Lrq Rhq LhJc y\o
chVGJ S\V cEa Fogn Spd FOPc Z Lhng Jng. &V[ LhVrL rkng Lr_ng Lpm
cEa Rhn Spd cJn nkm Lren Lrqc cEa Lrq .
@i HI
ML hnh Lrq Fc Fng chKL c} hV NOPng ms ZWn tnh # FOPc N\m Jad Jng
Janh Lrqc cEa n} y~V yYn Lc g}c
i
. Hnh Lrq FOPc FL Nen mL Rh|ng ngang. HU I
ma IWL gVa hnh Lrq y\ mL Rh|ng ngang N\ . Tm:
a. ThcV gVan Lrong F} chJdn Fng cEa hnh Lrq N\ c} LrOPL.
Z. CHng Lo\n Rhn cEa NQc ma IWL LWc Sqng Nen hnh Lrq.
@i HM
ML hnh Lrq Fng nhKL hV NOPng ms ZWn tnh # FOPc FL hHng yYn Lc FJ
Lren mL mL Rh|ng nghVeng hPR y~V RhOhng ngang g}c s hU I ma IWL .
1. Wc FXnh gVa Lc cEa hnh Lrq. CM#: c} LrOPL had hHng cxn Ld y\o gVW LrX cEa g}c
Io y~V mL gVW LrX
i
n\o F} cn Lm.
2. Tm Lng nMng NOPng cEa hnh Lrq v LhcV FVm L i y\ L ZKL . L haV LrOcng hPR:

i
y\
i
.
C1
m
1
M
m
2
h
@i HP
ML hnh NYR RhOhng hV NOPng M y\ mL hnh Lrq Fc m ZWn tnh #. SPV Spd
hHng Sn hHng hV NOPng mL FpJ ZJc y\o Ms
mL FJ cJn y\o hnh Lrq. Hnh NYR RhOhng
chJdn Fng hHng ma IWL Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng
nghVeng g}c . #xng r_c hHng hV NOPng y\
Jad hHng ma IWL Janh Lrqc. HU FOPc Lh[ LQ So
hHng yYn Lc FJs Spd hHng ZX Lrng m\ cung hHng ZX cMngs Rhn Spd Zen hnh Lrq
Lh|ng Fwngs Rhn ZJc y\o M Iong Iong y~V mL Rh|ng nghVeng. Wc FXnh gVa Lc cEa
cWc yYLs ZVUn NJYn Lhoo cWc gVW LrX cEa .
@i Hx
ML hnh Lrq Fc Fng chKL c} ZWn tnh # 1Ccm nkm Lren mL Rh|ng ngang
rV mL Rh|ng nghVeng Lgo mL g}c .i
i
y~V mL Rh|ng ngang. Tm yYn Lc cQc FgV
y
i
cEa hnh Lrq F n} hHng ZV n[d Nen. &V[ LhVrL hHng c} IQ LrOPL.
@i Hy
ML F chhV hnh Lrq Fc Fng chKL hV NOPng ms
ZWn tnh # Zan FJ nkm v cgnh mL cWV gVW cgnh n\d Iong
Iong y~V FOcng IVnh cEa hnh Lrq. (O~V [nh hOvng cEa
yYn Lc Zan FJ hHng FWng s F chhV rhV Jng. HU I
ma IWL LrOPL gVa F chhV y\ gVW N\ . v F nghVeng
i
n\o
F chhV ZL FJ rcV hV gVW. R Sqng: is2.
@i H~
ML hnh Lrq Fng chKLs hV NOPng ms ZWn tnh as hV Lpm &. v LhcV FVm Zan
FJ hnh Lrq Jad y~V yYn Lc g}c Q
i
cxn hV Lpm & Fwng den Lren mL Z\n nkm
ngang. HU I ma IWL LrOPL gVa Lrq y\ Z\n N\ .
1. Wc FXnh v LhcV FVm L: yYn Lc cEa & y\ yYn Lc g}c .
2. LhcV FVm L
1
n\o Lh hrL LrOPL Wc FXnh y
1
s
1
cung nhO Jng FOcng S
1
m\ n}
FV FOPc.
.. Ttnh cHng cEa NQc LVrR jc.
]. SaJ F} hnh Lrq chJdn Fng nhO Lhr n\o BVUn NJYn y\ y FOcng cong ZVJ SVn
ZVrn LhVen cEa y y\ Lhoo LhcV gVan.
@i H
ML y\nh FaV mng rn c} ZWn tnh # FOPc FL Lh|ng
Fwng Lren I\n y\ v gn FVm LVrR jc y~V I\n ngOcV La gn
y\o y\nh FaV mL yYL nh A c} hV NOPng Zkng hV NOPng
C2

cEa y\nh FaV. SaJ F} ngOcV La LrJdGn cho Lrqc cEa y\nh FaV mL yYn Lc nkm ngang y
i
.
V~V cWc gVW LrX n\o cEa y
i
y\nh FaV I hHng nh[d Nens nrJ IQ NMn [d ra hHng LrOPL.
@i I
ML yYL rn hV NOPng ms hV Lpm & nkm Lren mL FKL
nkm ngang AsB. TVrR jc B hHng c} ma IWLs cxn LVrR jc A c}
ma IWL y~V hU I . v LhcV FVm FJ ngOcV La Fd yYL rn y~V yYn
Lc FJ y
i
nkm ngang. Wc FXnh ho[ng cWch S m\ yYL FV
FOPc cho Frn hV Sng NgV.
@i I1
ML ngOcV FV o FgR hvV Fng Lren mL con
FOcng nkm ngang. NgOcV FV o FgR n\d FOPc om nhO
yYL rn NVen rL y~V o FgR Z Ja hV NOPng cEa FHV chpn chJdn Fng cEa ngOcV.
&_V m N\ hV NOPng cEa ngOcV o FgRs haV ZWnh o
gVng nhaJ c} ZWn tnh # y\ hV NOPng hHng FWng .
KhV Lpm & cEa hU chJdn Fng FOPc Wc FXnh ZvV cWc
chVGJ S\V as Zs h. &_V n N\ L I rMng gVa Fâ y\ NtR v ZWnh
IaJs N\ hU I ma IWL LrOPL gVa ZWnh o y\ FOcng. HV
mH mon ngTJ NQc M cEa ngOcV Rh[V LWc Sqng Nen Fâ N\ Zao nhVeJ F cWc ZWnh o
hHng LrOPL Lren mL FOcng.
@i IH dB1 thi HSefe n?# gchg>.
ML hV Lrq Ts gm haV nas mV na c} LVrL SVUn N\ mL na hnh Lrxns ZWn tnh #s
chVGJ cao hs c} hV NOPng rVeng Nn NOPL N\ (
1
y\ (
2
y~V (
1
(
2
. KhV Lrq FOPc FL Lren
mL LKm Rh|ng P. HU I ma IWL gVa T y\ R FE N~n F T chf NMn hHng LrOPL Lren P.
1. Tm hV Lpm cEa mV na hnh Lrxn Fc Fng Ltnh.
2. Cho mL P nghVeng mL g}c Io y~V FOcng nkm ngang. Ttnh g}c m\ mL Rhpn
cWch N\m y~V mL ngang hV Lrq cpn Zkng.
.. TMng Sn g}c nghVeng . $rn gVW LrX n\o cEa Lh hnh Lrq ZL FJ NMn Jng ,jc
F} Zkng Zao nhVeJ
]. P ho\n Lo\n nkm ngang y\ hnh Lrq Fang nkm cpn Zkng. $d nh cho T NMn mL g}c
nh rV ZJHng ra. ChJdn Fng cEa hV Lpm hnh Lrq c} Lh coV N\ Sao Fng FVGJ hxa
FOPc hHng NrJ c} Ltnh chJ Sao Fng
@i II
ML yxng Spd tch tn A c} hV NOPng m is.Dgs FOPc nV Ja mL Spd y\o
FJ mL Lrqc Lh|ng Fwng cEa mL mWd Jad NV Lpm y\ Jad y~V yYn Lc g}c hHng FV
.CraSI. SPV Spd N\m g}c ]C
i
y~V FOcng Lh|ng Fwng. Wc FXnh ho[ng cWch L
hV Lpm yxng Spd tch Frn Lrqc Jad y\ Iwc cMng cEa Spd tch.
@i IM
C.
A B
h
Z a
&
ML hnh n}n Lrxn oad A hV NOPng m .s2g c} na g}c v Ffnh 1i
i
s NMn
hHng LrOPL Lren mL mL n}n B Iao cho n} ZKL Fng. KhV Lpm cEa hnh n}n A v cng
F cao y~V Ffnh Os cWch Ffnh mL ho[ng , 1Acm y\ chJdn Fng Lhoo mL FOcng
Lrxn y~V yYn Lc g}c . Hd Wc FXnh:
a. ,Qc ma IWL L^nh LWc Sqng y\o hnh n}n A hV 1raSI.
Z. &VW LrX cEa Q F cho chJdn Fng cEa hnh n}n A LVrn h\nh hHng LrOPLs hU I ma
IWL gVa cWc mL Zkng is2C.
@i IP:d-1 thi HSefe n?# 200>.
ML yYL hnh cJ ZWn tnh # Fang Fwng den Lren LKm g mng C(. MYL F hV
NOPng cEa yYL Rhq LhJc y\o ho[ng cWch r Frn Lpm cEa n} Lhoo Jd NJYL:
J
)
R
r
/ ! (
&
m $
R
$
m N\ mL hkng I SOhng.
TKm g FOPc o Lren mL Z\n nkm
ngang Lhoo chVGJ C( y~V gVa Lc hHng
FV a hnh y. KrL J[ N\ yYL NMn hHng
LrOPL yG Rhta ( FOPc mL Fogn N y\ rhV
Jng Z\n. HU I ma IWL LrOPL gVa yYL y\ mL Z\n N\ .
1. Ttnh hV NOPng y\ mHmon JWn Ltnh cEa yYL FV y~V Lrqc Jad Ja Lpm cEa n}.
2. Hd Wc FXnh LhcV gVan yYL NMn Lren LKm g y\ gVa Lc Lpm O cEa yYL FV y~V mL Z\n.
.. TgV LhcV FVm yYL rhV hV LKm g yYn Lc g}c cEa yYL Zkng Zao nhVeJ
]. CM# Lrong IJL JW Lrnh chJdn Fng Lren mL Z\n yYL NJHn NMn c} LrOPL.
C. VYL chJdn Fng FOPc mL Jng FOcng I Zkng Zao nhVeJ Lren Z\n
@i Ix
ML Lhanh AB Fng chKL hV Lpm &s hV NOPng ms
chVGJ S\V N. Thanh FOPc Lroo y\o FVm O Zkng haV Spd hHng
Sns hHng hV NOPng cng chVGJ S\V N.
1. HU cpn Zkng Ltnh NQc cMng T
i
cEa cWc Spd.
2. CL Spd OB Ltnh gVW LrX m~V cEa T ngad hV ya cL. Ttnh
L I TT
i
.
@i Iy
ML Lhanh AB Fng chKL chVGJ S\V 2Z hV Lpm & FL Lh|ng Fwng Lren mL FKL.
Nh nh\ng N\m mKL LhMng Zkng hVrn Lhanh ZX F. &V[ LhVrL FJ A cEa Lhanh LrOPL
hHng ma IWL Lren I\n. Tm yYn Lc y
i
cEa & hV Lhanh chgm FKL.
C]
A B
O
@i I~
ML Spd tch AB Fng nhKL c} chVGJ S\V N y\ hV
NOPng ms FL v mR cEa mL cWV Z\n nkm ngangs FJ B cEa
tch cWch mR Z\n ho[ng h. (pd FOPc Lh[ LQ So hHng yYn
Lc Zan FJ. B Ja m_V ma IWL.
1. Wc FXnh RhOhng Lrnh yV Rhpn Log F cEa B Lhoo LhcV gVan.
2. Wc FXnh v LhcV FVm L Rh[n NQc # m\ Z\n LWc Sqng Nen Spd tch.
@i I
ML IPV Spd tch Fng chKLs hHng F\n hVs hV NOPng ms chVGJ S\V N yL Ja
rxng r_c hV NOPng Ms ZWn tnh #. #xng r_c c} Lh Jad hHng ma IWL Janh Lrqc. v
LhcV FVm Zan FJs hU Fwng dens haV FJ mjL cEa Spd chenh NUch nhaJ mL Fogn h. Wc
FXnh chJdn Fng cEa hU IaJ F}. gV[ LhVrL Spd hHng LrOPL Lren rxng r_c.
@i M
ML Fâ nng Jad Janh Lrqc Lh|ng Fwng y~V yYn Lc g}c Q. $ng J hV
NOPng ms ZWn tnh r FOPc Lh[ Jng Fâ y\ Lrqc cEa n} Lh|ng Fwng hnh y. Kho[ng
cWch gVa haV Lrqc N\ S S r. HU I ma IWL gVa Fâ y\ Fng J N\ . Tm
yYn Lc g}c n FXnh cEa Fng J &VW LrX mHmon NQc FL y\o Lrqc Fâ N~n
F gV cho yYn Lc cEa n} hHng FV KhHng c} ma IWL v Lrqc.
@i M1
ML cJn Spd hHng F\n hVs hV NOPng hHng FWng JKn Ja
mL Lhanh hnh Lrq ZWn tnh # nkm ngang Fwng den yL Ja Fjng na
yxng hnh Lrq. Ttnh gVW LrX cQc LVJ
i
cEa cn Rh[V LWc Sqng v FJ mjL
A cEa Spd F ngMn hHng cho L[V Lr_ng rhV Jng. &V[ LhVrL rkng hU I ma
IWL LrOPL gVa Spd FV y~V Lhanh N\ y\ Lr_ng NOPng cEa Spd hHng FWng
.
@i MH
ML o HLH Zan FJ Fwng dens hV hvV Fng c} FOPc gVa Lc a Lren FOcng nkm
ngang. ML cWnh ca cEa o yTn mv y\ Lgo nen g}c
i
bi
i
.
Ttnh LhcV gVan cn LhVrL F cWnh ca LQ F}ng NgV. B Ja m_V
ma IWLs g_V N\ mHmon JWn Ltnh cEa ca Io y~V Lrqc Z[n NG
gV[ LhVrL N\ Lh|ng Fwngs Z N\ ho[ng cWch L hV Lpm &
cEa ca Frn Lrqc Z[n NG y\ m N\ hV NOPng cEa ca.
@i MI dB1 thi fT ij n?# ``
$â MawoNN. ML Fâ Fng chKL hnh Lrq hV NOPng M is]gs ZWn tnh #
isiDms ZG S\d S isi1m FOPc Lroo Zkng haV Spd S\V Zkng nhaJ JKn y\o Lrqc ZWn
CC
A
B
O d

tnh r FV Ja Lpm cEa Fâ. B Ja hV NOPng cEa Spd y\ Lrqcs y\ ZG S\d cEa Spd.
JKn Spd F npng hV Lpm cEa Fâ Nen F cao H 1m rV Lh[ ra. $â Jad y\ LqL
Jng yX Lrt LhKR nhKL rV NgV FV Nen. $ Fhn gV[n La gV[ I Lpm Jad Lwc LhcV NJHn nkm
Lren FOcng Lh|ng Fwng FV Ja FVm Lroo P.
1. Ttnh yYn Lc g}c cEa Fâ Njc hV Lpm & F
LqL FOPc Jng FOcng I.
2. Ttnh Fng nMng LXnh LVrn E
L
cEa Fâ Njc F LqL
IisCm. Ttnh L I gVa nMng NOPng n\d y\ cWc
Sgng nMng NOPng hWc cEa Fâ cung v LhcV FVm
F}s nrJ ZVrL r isii.m.
.. Ttnh NQc cMng cEa mV Spd T
1
hV Fâ FV Jng.
]. Ttnh yYn Lc g}c cEa Fâ Lhoo g}c Jad Lrong gVaV Fogn FV chVGJ.
V Lrong L_a F $GcWc Lhtch hPR Sgng cWc FOcng cong ZVJ SVn cWc Lh\nh Rhn cEa
FOcng FV y\ yYn Lc cEa hV Lpm Fâs coV nhO nhng h\m cEa g}c Jad s cho c[ .
gVaV Fogn.
C. ,Qc cMng LV Fa m\ mV Spd chXJ FOPc N\ T
m
1iN. Ttnh chVGJ S\V LV Fa S
m
cEa Spd
c} Lh gV[V Rh}ngs hHng JKn y\o Lrqc Njc FV chVGJs m\ Spd hHng ZX FwL.
CD
Phn H: !I T,P C4 HC TH' CHz
Ch^ ; 1: CNG w CNG SUT w NNG L3ZNG
TW\nF THPT Chusln HA@nF "Xn ThE 8nh H{_ nh.
1.`.. NghVen cwJ mL LaV ngn Lren FOcngs c[nh IWL gVao LhHng Fo FOPc chVGJ S\V yUL
ZWnh o Lren mL FOcng So Rhanh gKR o c} chVGJ S\V , Dim. Tm yYn Lc
Zan FJ cEa os nrJ hU I ma IWL gVa ZWnh o y\ mL FOcng N\ isC
H\]nF Dn FiGi
&_V yYn Lc Zan FJ cEa o N\ y.
VUL ZWnh o Lren mL FOcng N\ , Dim nen Jng FOcng o LrOPL N\ Dim.
R Sqng FXnh N{ Fng nMng cho JW Lrnh Rhanh La c}:
2
1
i
2
v .g]
C s 2] 2 s .g] v
1.`]. Tm Jng FOcng o LrOPL FV FOPc Lren mL Rh|ng nkm ngang nrJ n} LrOPL
Jng Lhoo Sc nghVeng g}c .i
i
Io y~V RhOhng nkm ngang L F cao H
1Cm HU I ma IWL gVa o LrOPL y\ FOcng N\ is2.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
SQ ZVrn LhVen ch nMng cEa 2 FVm A y\ B:

s 6 B
6 b b

IVn
. coI
2
2
H
.g gH
v
B

coL 1 2
2
. gH v
B

SQ ZVrn LhVen ch nMng cEa 2 FVm B y\ C:

s B ;
6 b b
.g]
v

2
i
2
CA
mI
P
P
mI
,
H
A
B
C
V
B

.g
v
]
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2
2

]b coL
1

.
H ]
1.`C. VYL chJdn Fng hHng yYn Lc FJ Jng hs Lh\nh h nhn y\ Lho[V Sn Iang
FWd h nkm ngang Hnh 1.]`. ChVGJ S\V
Rhn FWd N 2m. HU I ma IWL gVa yYL y\ FWd
h N\ is.. ChVGJ IpJ cEa h N\ H Cm.
Tm ho[ng cWch L yX Lrt yYL Sng NgV L~V
FVm gVa cEa h
H\]nF Dn FiGi
Tng chVGJ S\V Lren FOcng ngang cEa FWd h m\ yYL FV FOPc N\ S:
mgS mgH
c
.
H
F DA 1D DA s 1D
. s i
C
+
V chVGJ S\V cEa Rhn FWd h N\ - 2m nen chVGJ S\V m\
yYL FV FOPc Lren FWd h:
S ` Nn Ja FWd DAcm
Kho[ng cWch L yX Lrt yYL Sng NgV L~V FVm gVa cEa h
N\:

c
#
5 .. DA
2

.
1.`D. Tm cHng cn LhQc hVUn F FOa mL chVrc o LrOPL mang Lhoo yYL Nen Sc c} F
cao H 1im KhV NOPng Lng cng cEa o y\ yYL N\ m .ig. &}c nghVeng
cEa Sc .i
i
. HU I ma IWL gVa o LrOPL y\ mL Sc gV[m FGJ L
1
isC LgV
chpn Sc Frn
2
is1 LgV Ffnh Sc.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
HU I ma IWL LrJng Znh gVa o LrOPL y\ mL Rh|ng nghVeng N\ :
2
2 1
. . +
C`
P
mI
H
N
H
Hnh 1.]`.
I

Trong LrOcng hPR n\ds Lr_ng NQc y\ NQc ma IWL IVnh cHng c[ns y yYd cHng cn
LhQc hVUn Rh[V N\ cHng SOhng Zkng F N~n cEa cHng cEa Lr_ng NQc y\ NQc ma IWL.
IVn
. coI
H
.g gH 6 +

1i . C s ] coL
2
1
. 2 1
=
. .
gH 6
+
+
1.À. ,\m yVUc y~V cHng IJKL hHng FVs FJ mWd o Na c} Lh o Fo\n L\J Nen Sc
c} g}c nghVeng
1
C.1i
.
raS y~V yYn Lc y
1
Cimh. V~V g}c nghVeng
2
2sC.1i
.
raS Lh cung Lrong FVGJ VUn F} Fo\n L\J chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc y
2
Dimh. Wc FXnh hU I ma IWLs coV n} N\ nhO nhaJ Lrong c[ haV LrOcng hPR.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
(o cHng IJKL hHng FV y conIL
2 2 1 1
v 7 v 7
M\ So o chJdn Fng FGJ nen:
1 1 1
coI IVn .g g 7 +
2 2 2
coI IVn .g g 7 +

( ) coI IVn coI IVn
2 2 2 1 1 1
. gv . gv + +

( ) coI IVn coI IVn
2 2 2 1 1 1
. v . v + +

i1 s i
coI coI
IVn IVn
1 1 2 2
2 2 1 1

v v
v v
.
1 2

N\ nhng g}c nh nen
i1 s i
y y
y y
1 2
2 2 1 1
1.``. ML H LH c} hV NOPng m 1iiig LL Fng ch hV Jng Sc c} g}c nghVeng

y~V RhOhng ngang D
i
Lh LMng Lc Frn yYn Lc cQc FgV y A2 mh rV IaJ
F} Lh chJdn Fng FGJ. Tm cHng IJKL cEa HLH F n} FV Nen Sc n\d y~V yYn Lc
F}
H\]nF Dn FiGi
Thoo FG Z\Vs o LL Fng ch rV Jng Sc y~V y A2mh conIL.
,Qc ma IWL Lren Sc
coI .g 7
s

cpn Zkng y~V Lh\nh Rhn NQc o
IVn g 7
c

IVn coI g .g
Cb
P
mI

KhV Nen Sc Lh NQc o cE Fng ch
IVn 2 coI IVn g .g g 7 +
CHng IJKL cEa H LH F n} Nen Sc y~V yYn Lc y A2mh 2imI N\:
1i . ]i IVn 2 .
.
b gv v 7 P
1.`b. ML chVrc o con hV NOPng M 1iii g chJdn Fng FGJ Lren mL Jng
FOcng nghVengs cw mV VNHmL Lh Nen cao Lhem h 1i m. Tm NOPng Mng cn
Ln nhVGJ hhn Io y~V hV chJdn Fng y~V cng yYn Lc Lren FOcng nkm ngang
,OPng Mng FOPc Ltnh FV y~V Jng FOcng S\V , 1iim. Cho nMng IJKL La
nhVUL cEa Mng N\ ]sD.1i
A
g. HVUJ IJKL Fng ch 1i.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
&_V m
1
N\ hV NOPng Mng cn FV Lrong LrOcng hPR c} LMng F caos m
2
N\ hV
NOPng Mng cn Sng Lrong LrOcng hPR hHng LMng F cao. N\ hU I ma IWL
Lrong m_V LrOcng hPR.
Ta c}: ,

1iim 1i
C
ms H

h.,1i
.
m
TH1: o chgd Lren FOcng nghVeng.
(o chJdn Fng FGJ nen cHng cn LhQc hVUn F o chJdn Fng Lren Jng
FOcng ,
1
N\:
gH ].g 6 6 6
P s
+ + coI
1
(o
i1 s i IVn
]
H
rKL nh coI 1
gH .g] 6 +
1
Ta c}:

+

4
gH g.]
,
6
1 1
1

4
gH g.]
+

1
TH2: o chgd Lren FOcng Lh|ng
(o chJdn Fng FGJ nen cHng cn LhQc hVUn chtnh Zkng cHng cEa NQc ma IWL:
.g] 6 6
s

2 2
Ta c}:

4
g.]
,
6
2 2
2

4
g.]
2
2

Di
H
,

2 s 2
1i . D s ] . 1 s i
1i . 1i . 1iii
A
.
2 1
.g
4
gH
4
g.] gH g.]

+

1.bi. Ttnh NQc c[n cEa nO~c Nen LJ Fang chJdn Fngs ZVrL rkng hV n} chgd y~V yYn
Lc y 1imh Lrong . ng\d Lh cn Sng hrL M DsC LKn Lhan HVUJ IJKL Fng
ch is1. Cho nMng IJKL La nhVUL cEa Lhan N\ ..sC.1i
D
g.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
&_V NQc c[n cEa nO~c Nen LJ N\
c
.
Jng FOcng L\J FV Lrong . ng\d N\ : S 1i...2] A2i m A2iiii m
(o LJ chJdn Fng FGJ nen
o

c

F 7 6
; i
.
M\: M
Ta c}:
i ;
6 7 F
, B4

]
..1i
;
B4
7 V
F

1.b1. KhV FV Lrong cWc Lh\nh Rh N~ns o H LH LhOcng Rh[V Sng NgV LgV cWc nhV c} hU
Lhng Fn hVUJ. Vt Sqs mL chVrc LaV LgV MaLchya LrJng Znh cw chgd 1ii m
Rh[V Sng NgV 1ii Nn. &V[ Is IaJ mV Nn Sng o NgV LMng Lc L~V yYn Lc y
Di mh. ,Qc c[n NgV chJdn Fng cEa HLH .iiN y\ tL Rhq LhJc y\o yYn
Lc. ,OPng Mng m\ o F} Sng hV chgd Lrong Lh\nh Rh Ln hhn hV chgd v
FOcng ngogV H nhV hJ nhO hHng Rh[V Sng NgV N\ Zao nhVeJ Nn KhV NOPng
cEa LaV M 1sC LKn. HVUJ IJKL Fng ch hHng Rhq LhJc y\o yYn Lc.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
K{ hVUJ:
H N\ hVUJ IJKL cE Fng ch y Ci. mI
M
1
N\ hV NOPng Mng chgd Lrong LR
M
2
N\ hV NOPng Mng chgd ngo\V ngogV H
AV
1
N\ cHng c} tch Lrong TH chgd Lrong LR
AV
2
N\ cHng c} tch Lrong TH chgd Lrong LR
, 1iim1iiiiims V Dimh Ci. mIs M 1Ciig
Ta c}:
A
V1
A
c
nALMng Lc
c
., My
2
2. n 1ii
A
LR1
m
1
. A
V2
A
c

c
., A
LR2
m
2
.
D1
A s 1
1iiiii . .ii . 2
.
Ci
. 1Cii . 1ii
1
2c.,
My . 2
.
2
.
2
2
2
1
2 1
2
2
2
1
1
,
_
+
+

n ] 7c
4
] 7c
4
nBv
] 7c
6
6
6
6
H
t)
i
t)
i
1.b2. $o\n L\J FV y~V yYn Lc y A2 mh Lren FOcng IL nkm ngang. $J LJ cn
LMng cHng IJKL Lhem Zao nhVeJ F L\J gV ngJden yYn Lc F} hV c} mOa N~n
CoV rkngs Lrong mL Fhn yX LhcV gVan c} mL NOPng nO~c mOa N\ m
L
1ii gI
rhV Jng L\J rV ch[d L Lh\nh Loa LJ Jng FKL. B Ja IQ Lhad FV NQc ma IWL
hV LrcV mOa.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
$V: y 2imI
Ta c}: P
L
My P
I
Mmy
R Sqng FXnh Nt ZVrn LhVen Fng NOPng:
nN
.L P
I
" P
L
Mmy " My my
,Kd L 1I
,Qc m\ FJ L\J cn LMng Nen Fhn yX LhcV gVan N\ my Ls y\ m m
L

1iig
Cn LMng cHng IJKL Nen
2
]i
t
V 7v v .
1.b.. ChVrc Zja cEa mWd F}ng c_c nng m Cii g FOPc Lh[ rhV LQ So L F cao n\o
F} FYR y\o c_c y\ F}ng n} IpJ Jng FKL N 1 cm. Wc FXnh NQc c[n cEa FKL
coV N\ hHng FVs nrJ ngad LrO~c hV ya chgms Zja c} yYn Lc N\ y 1i mI.
B Ja hV NOPng cEa c_c.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
T FXnh Nt yG Fng nMng
2
1
i
2
v g 7 - -

( ) N 1i . C s 2 g
N 2
y
m
D
2
,
_
+
1.b]. ChVrc o LrOPL Fang LrOPL Lren mL ZMng y~V yYn Lc y DmI Lh ZL FJ LrOPL
y\o Rhn FOcng nhQa. ChVGJ S\V cEa yWn LrOPL N\ , 2ms ma IWL gVa yWn LrOPL
y~V mL FOcng nhQa N\ 1. Tm Jng FOcng o LrOPL FV FOPc Lren FOcng
nhQa cho Frn hV Sng NgV ho\n Lo\n
D2
H\]nF Dn FiGi
$ng nMng Zan FJ:
F
2
1
2
v
1`m
i 5 ] < :
s
5
7 .g
]
&V[ I o LrOPL FV FOPc Jng FOcng y\o FOcng nhQa Lh

cHng cEa NQc ma IWL c} F N~n:
A
mI1
SL Lam gVWc 12mg, bs`m
A
mI1

F
Lo\n Z chVGJ S\V o LrOPL y\o FOPc FOcng nhQas IaJ F} o cxn LrOPL
Lhem Jng FOcng c} chVGJ S\V S na Lh Rhn Fng nMng cxn NgV m~V LVUL LVeJ ho\n
Lo\n.
F
A
mI1
mgS 1`mbs`mbs`mS Sis`]m
Tng Jn FOcng o LrOPL FOPc Lren FOcng nhQa:
- ,S2s`]m
1.bC. Tm NQc cn LhVrL F nh mL chVrc FVnh S\V , ì mm hV LKm Z[ngs nrJ n}
FOPc F}ng ZvV IWJ nhWL Zja c} hV NOPng m isC g y\ yYn Lc Zja LrO~c hV
ya chgm y 2mI B Ja hV NOPng FVnh.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
CHng F rjL chVrc FVnh Nen hV mL Z[ng Zkng Fng nMng cE D nhWL Zja.
] 7
v
t1
.
2
D
2
]
v
7
t1
2
.

Ta c}:
2
ma
7
7
t1
y NQc F rjL FVnh gV[m LJdrn Ltnh L
ma
Frn i
,Qc cn LhVrL N\ NQc N~n nhKL. ma 2 LZ
]
v
7 7
t1
2
ma
D
2
VYd NQc cn LhVrL F nh chVrc FVnh N\:
]
v
2
D
1.bD. Tm cHng cn LhQc hVUns F Jad mL chVrc LKm yWn nkm Lren mL FKL Janh
mL FJ cEa n} FV mL g}c TKm yWn c} chVGJ S\V ,s hV NOPng Ms hU I ma
IWL gVa n} y\ mL FKL N\ .
H\]nF Dn FiGi
CHng cn LhQc hVen c} F N~n
Zkng cHng cE NQc ma IWL LhQc
hVen Lren cJng &&.
$ S\V cJng && N\:
2
]
+ 5
D.
,
&
&

mI
mg
,
O

2
] .Bg
6

1.bA. Thng nO~c FOPc o L SO~V gVrng IpJ H2i m. Ban FJ Lhng Fd nO~c. (o
c} mL N LhEng nh v SO~V FWd nen hV o Nen nO~c ZL FJ ch[d ra hV
Lhng. CoV rkng JW Lrnh o Lhng Nen FGJ Fns NOJ NOPng nO~c ch[d hV
Lhng hHng FV. Tm cHng o Lhng nO~cs nrJ hV o Lhng Nens Lrong Lhng
cxn NgV 2. NOPng nO~c Zan FJ. Thng rng c} hV NOPng m2gs Lh Ltch
Lhng V1Cl.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
V JW Lrnh o Lhng nO~c Nen FGJ Fn nen
NQc cn o Lhng nO~c Zkng Lr_ng NOPng cEa Lhng
cng Lr_ng NOPng cEa nO~c.
V NOPng nO~c Lrong Lhng gV[m FGJ L Lh Ltch V
Jng 2.V nen NQc o Lhng nO~c cung gV[m L
gV g 7 +
i
Frn
gV g 7
.
2
+
CHng cn LhQc hVUn F o Lhng nO~c chtnh Zkng
SVUn Ltch cEa hnh Lhang.

1
]
1
+ + +
.
2
2
1
g gV g gV H 6

2
2
.
C
gH
V
6 +

Thad I A 2sb
1.b`. ML dNanh FL Lh|ng Fwngs FJ SO~V chm Lrong nO~c.
Trong dNanh c} mL RVLLHng FL nkm Lren mL nO~c.
Ko chYm RVLLHng Nen F cao H 1Cm Hnh 1.]b. Tm
cHng o RVLLHng (VUn Ltch LVrL SVUn cEa RVLLHng N\ S
1Sm
2
s WR IJKL ht Jdn P
i
1i
C
Pa. B Ja hV NOPng
RVLLHng.
H\]nF Dn FiGi
KhV o RVLLHng Nens nO~c Lrong RVLLHng Spng Nen Lhoo. $rn
hV WR IJKL cL nO~c Zkng WR IJKL ht Jdn Lh cL nO~c hHng
Spng Nen na. KhV F} Lrong V Nanh Ln LgV mHV LrOcng chpn hHng.
NrJ LVrR Lqc o RVLLHng Nen Lh cn Rh[V LWc Sqng y\o RVLLHng 1 NQc F Lhng FOPc WR
NQc cEa ht Jdn LWc Sqng Nen RVLLHng.
ChVGJ cao LV Fa cEa cL nO~c c} Lh Spng Nen Lrong VNanh:

i
) gh
D]
h
O
H
mg
2.mg
g gV +
Hnh 1. ]b.
H

g
)
h 1i
1i . 1i
1i
.
C
i

H <
VYd cHng cn LhQc hVUn FOPc Ltnh Zkng Lhr nMng cEa cL nO~c c} chVGJ cao h y\ cHng
F o RVLLHng L F cao h Frn F cao H h

2
i
2
h H F )
gFh
6 +

Thad I La c}: A 1i
]
1.bb. ML con Nc LoWn h_c hV NOPng ms chVGJ S\V N FOPc N\m Sao Fng Zkng cWch
mV Nn n} FV Ja yX Lrt cpn Zkng Lh NgV LWc Fng mL NQc Lrong ho[ng LhcV
gVan ngn L Lhoo RhOhng Iong Iong y~V yYn Lc. SaJ Zao nhVeJ chJ con Nc
FgL L~V g}c bi
i
H\]nF Dn FiGi
$ ZVrn LhVen Fng NOPng cEa con Nc IaJ mV Nn FV Ja yX Lrt cpn Zkng N\:
7t )
SaJ n Nn Ja yX Lrt cpn Zkng:
v ) n7t
$ con Nc FgL Frn g}c bi

i
Lh yYn Lc cn c} v yX Lrt cpn Zkng cEa con Nc N\:
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng: g#
v
2
2
g# v 2
S Nn con Nc cn Rh[V FV Ja yX Lrt cpn Zkng N\:
7t
g#
7t
v
n
2

S chJ cn Lm:
7t
g# n
V
2
2
2

1.1ii. HaV Len Na gVng nhaJs mL cWV Fang chJdn Fng cxn cWV Va Fwng dens FOPc
cho Fng ch hogL Fng Lrong mL LhcV gVan ngn. Trong LhcV gVan F}s chjng
RhqL ra hV NOPng ht FL nhO nhaJ nh Io y~V hV NOPng Len Na y~V yYn Lc
LOhng FV Io y~V Len Na nhO nhaJ. $ng nMng Zan FJ cEa Len Na chJdn Fng
N\ Ks IaJ hV Fng ch hoL Fng Lh LMng Lhem ]. Tm Fng nMng cEa Len Na
cxn NgV
H\]nF Dn FiGi
Ta c}:
2
2
Bv
c v Bv c
v
v
Bv
v Bv
c
c
2 2
2
$V y~V Len Na Fang chJdn Fng:
i] s i
c
c

i2 s i
v
v
&_V ys y
1
s J Nn NOPL N\ yYn Lc cEa Len Na LrO~c hV RhqL hts yYn Lc cEa Len Na IaJ
hV RhqL hts yYn Lc cEa ht Io y~V Len Na.
M y\ m Nn NOPL N\ hV NOPng cEa Len Na y\ ht.
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng La c}:
v B Bv u v
1
+ +
DC

u
B
v v v
1

i2 s i
v
u
B
v
v
$V y~V Len Na Fang Fwng den:
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng La c}:
2
Bv u

u
B
v
2
Ta c}:
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
1
2 2
u
B
u
B
B Bv
c
]
2
2
2
2
2
2
1i . ]

,
_

v
v
v
u
B
c
c
c c
]
2
1i . ]

Ch^ ; H: LC HP *N. " TINH

TW\nF THPT Chusln 8nh L@A C_i
1.1i1. ML yU LVnh nhpn Lgo Sng Lrong hU Lhng yVn LhHngs Rh}ng Nen L tch Fgo cEa
TrWV $KLs y\ Lrong IJL LhcV gVan chJdn Fng IaJ F} NJHn nkm Rhta Lren mL
FVm c FXnh Lren mL FKL yU LVnh FXa L^nh. HV ZWn tnh J Fgo cEa yU LVnh
N~n hhn ZWn tnh TrWV $KL #
E
D]ii m Zao nhVeJ Nn BVrL gVa Lc rhV LQ So
Lren ZG mL FKL N\ g bs` mI
2
.
1.1i2. VU LVnh nhpn Lgo cEa TrWV $KL FOPc Rh}ng Nen L tch Fgo y\ chJdn Fng Lren
J Fgo Lrxn Lrong mL Rh|ng tch Fgo Lhoo chVGJ Jad cEa TrWV $KL. Tm Lf I
gVa ZWn tnh J Fgo cEa yU LVnh y\ ZWn tnh TrWV $KL nrJ LhcV gVan gVa haV
Nn NVen LVrR n} FV Ja Rhta Lren cEa FVm Rh}ng N\ haV ng\d
1.1i.. VU LVnh nhpn Lgo cEa TrWV $KL FOPc Rh}ng Nen L tch Fgo y\ chJdn Fng Lren
J Fgo Lrxn Lrong mL Rh|ng tch Fgo Lhoo chVGJ Jad cEa TrWV $KL. BWn tnh
J Fgo cEa yU LVnh # .#
E
y~V #
E
D]ii m N\ ZWn tnh TrWV $KL. ThcV gVan
gVa haV Nn NVen LVrR yU LVnh FV Ja Ffnh FJ LgV FVm Rh}ng Zkng Zao nhVeJ
1.1i]. CoV J Fgo cEa TrWV $KL y\ ML TrMng N\ Lrxns Lm Lf I hV NOPng TrWV $KL y\
ML TrcV. BVrL ML TrMng FV FOPc 1. yxng Janh TrWV $KL Lrong mL nMm y\
ho[ng cWch L TrWV $KL Frn ML TrcV N~n hhn .bi Nn ho[ng cWch L TrWV $KL
Frn ML TrMng.
1.1iC. Wc FXnh Lf I hV NOPng TrWV $KL y\ Sao Ha Lhoo cWc Lham I J Fgo cEa
Lrgm LQ Fng Sao Ha 2: ho[ng cWch N~n nhKL Frn mL FKL yVn FVm a
2Ciii ms nh nhKL cYn FVm N\ R 1.ì ms chJ Jad T 1` h. BWn tnh
Sao Ha #
M
.]ii ms ZWn tnh TrWV $KL #
E
D]ii m.
1.1iD. ML Lrong cWc yU LVnh Sao Mc chJdn Fng Lren J Fgo Lrxn ZWn tnh #
1

]s22.1i
C
m y\ chJ Jad T
1
1sAA ng\d. KhV NOPng Sao Mc N~n hhn hV
NOPng TrWV $KL Zao nhVeJ Nn BVrL rMng ML TrMng chJdn Fng Lren J Fgo
ZWn tnh #
2
.s`.1i
C
m y~V chJ T
2
2As. ng\d.
DD
1.1iA. Ttnh yYn Lc yu Lrq cKR I hV Rh}ng L ZG mL Sao Mcs I Sqng cWc LhHng I
J Fgo yU LVnh HanVmoL cEa Sao Mc: J Fgo Lrxn ZWn tnh # 1.1i
D
m y\
chJ T As1C ng\d. BWn tnh Sao Mc #
Aiiii m.
1.1i`. Tm ho[ng cWch a nhKL L Lpm ML TrcV Frn Iao chV HarNods ZVrL chJ
Jad Janh ML TrcV cEa n} N\ T AD nMms ho[ng cWch nh nhKL L Iao chV
Frn ML TrcV N\ #
mVn
1s`.1i
`
m. BWn tnh J Fgo TrWV $KL #
i
1sC.1i
`
m.
1.1ib. VU LVnh chJdn Fng Jng Janh TrWV $KL Lren J Fgo Lrxn y~V ZWn tnh #
.#
E
y~V #
E
D]ii m N\ ZWn tnh TrWV $KL. VU LVnh hvV Fng Z RhYn hm
Lrong LhcV gVan ngn N\m cho yYn Lc cEa n}
gV[m FV y\ chJdn Iang J Fgo oNVR LVrR
LJdrn y~V mL FKL Hnh 1.Ab. HV IaJ F}
Zao NpJ Lh yU LVnh hg cWnh Jng mL FKL
1.11i. HaV ngHV Iao hjL NTn nhaJ y\ cng chJdn
Fng Lhoo J Fgo Lrxn Jad Jng Janh
hV Lpm cEa chjng y~V chJ T 2 nMm
hU Iao FHV. Tng hV NOPng cEa cWc ngHV
Iao m
1
m
2
2M
S
y~V M
S
N\ hV NOPng ML
TrcV. Tm ho[ng cWch gVa cWc ngHV Iao nrJ
ZVrL ho[ng cWch L TrWV $KL Frn ML TrcV #
i
1sC.1i
`
m. KhV NOPng TrWV
$KL nh hhn hV NOPng ML TrcV rKL nhVGJ Nn.
1.111. $ Lgo ra Lr_ng NOPng nhpn Lgo Lren hoang h\nh hWchs haV Rhn cEa L\J yu Lrq
c} Lf NU hV NOPng N\ 1:2 FOPc FOa ra cWch nhaJ mL ho[ng , y\ nhc Fng ch
N\m cho chjng Jad Janh hV Lpm chJng cEa chjng. Tm chJ Jads nrJ
ZVrL Fng h J[ Nc FL Lren Rhn L\J nng hhn chgd chYm hhn haV Nn Io y~V
hV n} FL Lren TrWV $KL
1.112. (o chJdn Fng LQ Jad cEa h\nh LVnhs Lr_ng NOPng LgV tch Fgo nh hhn LgV cWc
cQc. Tm F cao h Io y~V ZG mL h\nh LVnh LgV cWc cQc Iao cho Lr_ng NQc LgV F}
Zkng Lr_ng NQc Lren ZG mL h\nh LVnh LgV tch Fgo CoV rkng h\nh LVnh c} Sgng
cJ ZWn tnh #. ChJ LQ Jad cEa h\nh LVnh N\ Ts hV NOPng rVeng LrJng Znh
cEa yYL chKL cKJ Lh\nh n} N\ .
1.11.. ML LVJ h\nh LVnh c} Sgng hnh cJ ZWn tnh N\ #
i
C m. &V[ I hV NOPng
rVeng cEa LVJ h\nh LVnh N\
i
CsC gcm
.
s Lm gVa Lc rhV LQ So g
i
Lren ZG mL
cEa n}. $ cao m\ mL ngOcV Fwng Lren ZG mL LVJ h\nh LVnh nh[d Nen FOPcs
nrJ y~V cng mL Iwc ZYL nhd nhO yYd Lh ngOcV F} chf nhd Nen Frn F cao C
cm Lren TrWV $KL.
1.11]. Tm gVa Lc rhV LQ So Lren ZG mL ML TrcV nrJ ZWn tnh ML TrcV N~n hhn ZWn
tnh TrWV $KL 1i` Nn y\ Lf NU hV NOPng rVeng cEa ML TrcV y\ TrWV $KL N\ 1:].
DA
Hnh 1. Ab.
1.11C. Ttnh gVa Lc rhV LQ So Lren ZG mL ML TrcV nrJ ZVrL ZWn tnh J Fgo TrWV $KL
N\ #
i
1sC.1i
`
ms ZWn tnh ML TrcV #
S
A.1i
C
m y\ chJ Jad cEa TrWV
$KL Janh ML TrcV N\ T 1 nMm.
1.11D. Wc FXnh chJ Jad nh nhKL cEa yU LVnh Iao nhLron. KhV NOPng rVeng cEa n}
N\ 1i
1A
gm
.
.
1.11A. VU LVnh c} hV NOPng M 2ii g chJdn Fng Lren J Fgo Lrxn Janh TrWV
$KL. Kho[ng cWch L mL FKL Frn yU LVnh N\ nh Io y~V ZWn tnh TrWV $KL. C} Lh
Lhad FV ZWn tnh J Fgo Zao nhVeJ nrJ Zn mL RhWL Fgn L yU LVnh KhV
NOPng yVen Fgn m Cgs yYn Lc Fgn N\ J 1 mI Lhoo RhOhng ngOPc chVGJ yYn
Lc yU LVnh.
1.11`. Tng Lhw Za cEa Len Na Zao gm Rhn hoang mang nhVen NVUJ c} hV NOPng
M Ci g y\ Rhn FJ Z[o yU hnh n}n c} hV NOPng m 1i g. Phn FJ c}
Lh ZYL yG Rhta LrO~c nhc mL Nx o nn. KhV Lh Lren TrWV $KLs hV Len Na FOPc
gV c FXnh Lh Nx o Fd Rhn FJ hV Len Na y~V yYn Lc y
i
Cs1 mI. Tm
yYn Lc LOhng FV cEa Rhn FJ Io y~V Len Na hV n} rcV ra Lrong hV Zad Lren
J Fgo
1.11b. VU LVnh FOPc Rh}ng Nen J Fgo Lrxn LgV F cao H Cii m Io y~V ZG mL TrWV
$KL ZX c[n ZvV cWc N~R ht Jdn TrWV $KL v Lren cao. &Va Lc g}c cEa yU LVnh
..1i
1.
raSI
2
. Tm F cao cEa yU LVnh IaJ mL LhWng BWn tnh TrWV $KL #
E

D]ii m.
1.12i. BVrL rkng LgV LhcV FVm hVUn LgVs ML TrMng rcV a hV TrWV $KL y~V Lc F y
.s. cmnMm. Tm gVa Lc g}c cEa ML TrMng. Kho[ng cWch LrJng Znh L TrWV
$KL Frn ML TrMng # .s`].1i
C
ms yYn Lc g}c cEa ML TrMng Janh TrWV $KL
2sCD.1i
D
raSI.
1.121. Ten Na Rh}ng Nen L ZG mL TrWV $KL Lhoo RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng y~V yYn Lc yu
Lrq cKR I y\ rhV Lrv NgV TrWV $KL cWch hHng a FVm Zn. Tm LhcV gVan Zad cEa
Len Na BWn tnh TrWV $KL N\ #
E
D]ii m.
1.122. CWc nh\ SJ h\nh yu Lrq F hg cWnh Jng ZG mL ML TrMngs cn Jad Lrv yG
Lrgm yu Lrq Fang chJdn Fng Lren J Fgo Lrxn LgV F cao Zkng ZWn tnh ML
TrMng #
M
1Aii m. Tm yYn Lc FJ y cEa caZVn LgV ZG mL ML TrMngs F cho
hV LVrR nV y~V Lrgm hHng cn FVGJ chfnh yYn Lc cEa caZVn &Va Lc rhV LQ So
LgV ZG mL ML TrMng N\ g
M
1sA mI
2
.
1.12.. T\J yu Lrq hV NOPng M 12 LKn chJdn Fng Janh ML TrMng Lren J Fgo
Lrxn LgV F cao h 1ii m. $ chJdn Iang J Fgo hg cWnh Jng ML TrMngs
ngOcV La cho Fng ch Rh[n NQc hogL Fng Lrong LhcV gVan ngn. VYn Lc ht RhqL
ra hV ng N\ J 1i
]
mI. BWn tnh ML TrMng #
M
1Aii ms gVa Lc rhV LQ So
Lren ZG mL ML TrMng N\ g
M
1sA mI
2
.
D`
a Tm hV NOPng nhVen NVUJ cn Sng F Fng ch hoL Fng LgV FVm A N\m
L\J FWR Jng ML TrMng LgV FVm B Hnh 1.ì a
Z Tm hV NOPng nhVen NVUJ cn Sng F LrJdGn cho LJ mL Jng NOPng Lhoo
RhOhng nV Lpm ML TrMng F LJ chJdn Iang J Fgo oNVR LVrR jc y~V ZG mL
ML TrMng LgV FVm C Hnh 1.ì Z
LI GI1I
@i 1.1~ .
Thoo FXnh NJYL KoRNor La c}
1
Ts T
1
: ChJ Jad cEa yU LVnh Lren J Fgo Lrxn y\ ENVR
a: BWn tnh Jad Lren J Fgo Lrxn a .#
E
a
1
: BWn tnh N~n Lren J Fgo ENVR a
1
2#
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L cF cEa yU LVnh Lren J Fgo Lrxn
2
C}
.
T 1s 2s . La IJd ra
ThcV gVan hg cWnh Jng mL FKL: L T2 A1b1sDI 2 gVc.
@i 1.1~1
Db
A

B
a
C
A

bi
i

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Hnh 1. ì.
V~V chJdn Fng cEa haV ngHV Iao had LrWV FKL Lh NQc hKR STn F}ng yaV Lrx N\ NQc
hO~ng Lpm
V~V LrWV FKL
i
2
2
i
+
v
+
AB
1
V~V haV ngHV Iao:
( )
2
2
2
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1
2
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1
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+
v
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T 1 y\ 2 La c}:
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+
v
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.
( )
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2 1
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2
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2
2 1
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,
_
+ + +
+
T
+ + + +
+
v
+ +
+ +
B A
]
T . y\ ] ZVrn FV FOPc
( )
c + + + T
T
+
+
+ +
`
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1i . i s . 2
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T

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ML hWcs NQc gpd ra Sao Fng Lren L\J N\ NQc JWn Ltnh:
2 2
2 2
. .
# #
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2
1 . 1 2
2 ] 2 2
.
.
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<> >
@i 1.1~I
V Lr_ng NOPng Zkng Lng hPR cEa NQc hKR STn y\ NQc JWn Ltnh NV Lpm nen Lhoo FJ Z\V
Lh NQc hKR STn cEa LrWV FKL LWc Sqng Nen yYL v F cao h Lren FXa cQc Zkng Lng hPR cEa
NQc hKR STn cEa NQc hKR STn y\ NQc JWn Ltnh NV Lpm LWc Sqng Nen yYL F} LgV tch Fgo
( )
,
_
,
_

+
1
.
2
2
2
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T A
A
T + h
T
+
+
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&
+
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h +
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ht
@i 1.1~M.
&Va Lc rhV LO So Lren LVJ h\nh LVnh : g &M#
2
M: hHt NOPng h\nh LVnh #: BWn tnh h\nh LVnh.
M
i
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i
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.
.
Ai
yYd g &.
i
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.
mI
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.
KhV cng mL ngOcV nh[d Lh F ZVrn LhVen Lhr nMng N\ nhO nhaJ nen La c}:
Mgh mgh y\ h ghg D]m.
@i 1.1~P
BVJ Lhwc Ltnh gVa Lc rhV LQ So Lren ZG mL mL yYL hnh cJ
+
+
AB
g
.
]
2

Tf I gVa Lc rhV LQ So Lren ZG mL ML TrcV y\ TrWV $KL
( )
2
2DC 1i` .
]
1
s g
+
+
g
g
BT
TY TY
BT BT
TY
BT

@i 1.1~x.
,Qc hKR STn cEa TrWV $KL y\ ML TrcV F}ng yaV Lrx N\ NQc hO~ng Lpm. CoV hV Lpm hU
TrWV $KL y\ ML TrcV Lrng ML TrcV.
2
2 2 . .
i i i 2 2
i
. ]
F
F
B B
A B + AB + +
+ T
<>
ML hWc:
2 .
i
2 2 2
]
F
F
F F
AB +
g
+ T +

@i 1.1~y
Trong yVUc Jad cEa yU LVnh Janh h\nh LVnh Lh NQc hKR STn F}ng yaV Lrx N\ NQc
hO~ng Lpm nen pd SQng FOPc ZVJ Lhwc Ltnh chJ nhO IaJ
2
.
2
2
2
2 2
,
_

,
_

T +
AB
T
+ +
+
AB
VYd chJ nh nhKL hV ZWn tnh J Fgo nh nhKL LOhng wng y~V ZWn tnh cEa Iao #
i
1i . 2 s 1
. 2 .
]
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mVn
2
.
.
s
A
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@i 1.1~
L Lrong hU Jd chVrJ hV Lpm cEa hU gm hoang mang nhVen NVUJ y\ FJ Z[o yU
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng: m
S
y
S
m
L
y
L
KhV Lh Lren LrWV FKL La Ltnh FOPc Lhr nMng F\n hV cEa Nx o
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng:
2
2
i
v
d
Tren J Fgo Lh Lhr nMng n\d cung chJdn hrL Lh\nh Fng nMng cEa haV hoang y\
FJ Z[o yU hV haV Rhn LWch nhaJ ra
A1
d t
t
t
d
t
d d
t
d t
t
d d
t
d
t
d
d d d d
t t d d

v
v

v v v
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v v
+

+

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i
2
2 2 2
i
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D s C 1
i i i
s
v v v
t
d
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t
t
d
d t
t
t d
+
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Ch^ ; I: CC 6NH LU,T 1' T'!N
TW\nF THPT Lhusln 8nh Tusln u_nF
1.12]. ML Lhng o c} hV NOPng m
2
1Di gs chVGJ S\V , . m nkm Lren mL
FOcng rad nhn. ML ngOcV c} hV NOPng m
1
Di g FV L FJ n\d Frn FJ Va
cEa Lhng o. Tm F SXch chJdn cEa Lhng o
1.12C. TKm yWn hV NOPng m LrOPL LQ So Lren mL ZMng nkm ngang y~V yYn Lc y
1
. ML
ngOcV hV NOPng m
2
nh[d Nen LKm yWn y~V yYn Lc y
2
Lhoo RhOhng yJHng g}c
y~V yYn Lc LKm yWn. Tm yYn Lc y cEa hU yWn y\ ngOcV. B Ja NQc ma IWL gVa
yWn y\ mL ZMng.
1.12D. ML Loa chv Lc nO~c c} Lh chJdn Fng hHng ma IWL S_c Lhoo FOcng rad.
KhV NOPng Lc N\ Ms hV NOPng nO~c Lrong Z N\ m. ML yYL hV NOPng m
i
FOPc Lh[ rhV Lh|ng Fwng y\o Z LgV yX Lrt cWch Lpm Z mL Fogn N. Tm RhOhng
y\ F SXch chJdn cEa Z nO~c hV chJdn Fng cEa nO~c F LL h|n y\ yYL nV
&V[V Lhtch ch chr hVUn LOPng.
1.12A. VVen Fgn FOPc Zn ra L hJ Ijng FL Lren mL FKLs n Lh\nh haV m[nh gVng
nhaJ hV Nen Frn FVm cao nhKL cEa J Fgo cWch Ijng Lhoo RhOhng ngang mL
Fogn N\ a. ML Lrong haV m[nh Zad Lhoo RhOhng ngOPc NgV y~V yYn Lc Zkng yYn
Lc cEa yVen Fgn ngad LrO~c hV n. Tm ho[ng cWch L Ijng Frn FVm rhV cEa
m[nh Fgn Lhw haV B Ja Iwc c[n cEa hHng ht.
1.12`. ML yVen Fgn hV NOPng m Zad Lhoo RhOhng ngang y~V yYn Lc y gMm y\o hV
g hV NOPng M Fang Fwng den Lroo y\o IPV Spd c} chVGJ S\V N. Tm g}c NUch
cEa Spd hV RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng.
1.12b. (ng Ijng hhV Zn y\o mL hR SVem FL Lren Z\ns cWch mR Z\n mL ho[ng N
.icm. VVen Fgn c} hV NOPng m 1gs Zad Lhoo RhOhng ngang y~V yYn Lc y
i
1Ci mIs Jden Ja hR SVem y\ Zad LVrR y~V yYn Lc y
i
2. KhV NOPng hR
SVem N\ M Ci g. HU I ma IWL gVa hR SVem y\ mL Z\n Rh[V nhO Lhr n\o F
n} rhV hV Z\n
1.1.i. HaV hgL c} hV NOPng m y\ 2ms c} Fng NOPng R y\ R2s chJdn Fng Lhoo cWc
RhOhng yJHng g}c y~V nhaJ Frn ya chgm y~V nhaJ. SaJ ya chgms haV hgL Lrao
FV Fng NOPng cho nhaJ. Tm ch nMng mKL FV So ya chgm.
1.1.1. VYL hV NOPng m
1
chJdn Fng y~V yYn
Lc y Frn ya chgm F\n hV y~V mL yYL
Fwng den. SaJ ya chgms n} chJdn Fng
Lhoo RhOhng hPR y~V RhOhng chJdn Fng
Zan FJ mL g}c bi
i
y~V yYn Lc y2. Tm
hV NOPng yYL Lhw haV.
A.
m y
m2
m
m2

TrO~c ya chgm
SaJ ya chgm
Hnh 1. CA.
1.1.2. HgL hV NOPng m chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc y Frn ya chgm y~V mL hgL Fwng den
hV NOPng m2 y\ IaJ ya chgm F\n hV Lh Zad ra Lhoo RhOhng hPR y~V RhOhng
chJdn Fng Zan FJ mL g}c .i
i
Hnh 1.CA. Tm yYn Lc chJdn Fng
cEa hgL Lhw haV
1.1... HaV J[ cJ cao IJ FOPc ZJc y\o cWc IPV Spd m[nh y\ FL cgnh nhaJ Iao cho
chjng c} cng F cao y\ LVrR jc y~V nhaJ. ChVGJ S\V cWc IPV Spd N\ N
1
1i cm
y\ N
2
D cm. KhV NOPng cWc J[ cJ LOhng wng N\ m
1
`g y\ m
2
2i g. J[
cJ hV NOPng m
1
FOPc o NUch hV RhOhng
Lh|ng Fwng mL g}c Di
i
y\ Lh[ ra. Wc FXnh
g}c NUch cQc FgV cEa cWc J[ cJ Io y~V RhOhng
Lh|ng Fwng IaJ ya chgm. Va chgm coV N\ ho\n
Lo\n F\n hV.
1.1.]. Ba J[ cJ c} cng ZWn tnhs c} hV NOPng
hWc nhaJs FOPc ZJc y\o cWc IPV Spd c} chVGJ
S\V gVng nhaJ y\ LVrR jc y~V nhaJ. J[ cJ
m
1
FOPc o NUch Nen Frn F cao H rV Lh[ ra
Hnh 1.C`. CWc hV NOPng m
2
y\ m
.
Rh[V nhO
Lhr n\o F IaJ cWc ya chgm gVa J[ Lhw nhKL
y~V J[ Lhw haV y\ gVa J[ Lhw haV y~V J[ Lhw
Za Lh c[ Za J[ c} cng Fng NOPng Chjng
Nen Frn F cao n\o CWc ya chgm N\ ho\n Lo\n F\n hV.
1.1.C. HaV J[ cJ " mL Zkng IL hV NOPng m y\ mL Zkng ch hV NOPng m] "
Lroo y\o cng mL FVm Zkng cWc IPV Spd m[nh. Ko NUch J[ cJ Zkng ch Nen
Frn F cao H rV Lh[ ra. SaJ ya chgm n} Nen FOPc Frn F cao h. Va chgm N\
Jden Lpm. Tm Rhn Fng nMng chJdn Lh\nh nhVUL.
1.1.D. &Va haV J[ cJ hV NOPng m
1
y\ m
2
c} mL Nx o Fang nn. NrJ gV ngJden
mL J[ cJ J[ c} hV NOPng m
2
y\ Lh[ LQ So J[ Va Lh n} I Zad FV y~V
yYn Lc y
i
. Tm yYn Lc cEa J[ cJ hV NOPng m
1
nrJ Lh[ Fng LhcV haV J[
cJ SQ ZVrn Sgng cEa Nx o Lrong haV LrOcng hPR N\ nhO nhaJ.
1.1.A. VYL hV NOPng M nV y~V mL Nx o Fang Sao Fng y~V ZVen F A
i
Lren mL Z\n
nkm ngang nhn. TgV LhcV FVm yYL FV Ja yX Lrt cpn Zkng Lh n} c} mL mVrng
chKL Szo hV NOPng m rhV Lh|ng L Lren Jng y\ Stnh y\o yYL. BVen F Sao
Fng cEa hU Lhad FV nhO Lhr n\o
1.1.`. HaV J[ cJ c} cng hV NOPng ms nV y~V
nhaJ Zkng Nx o hHng hV NOPng c} chVGJ
S\V N y\ F cwng Fang nkm den Lren mL
Z\n nkm ngang nhn. ML J[ cJ Lhw Za
A]
m m m
. 2 1
N
Hnh 1. Cb.
m
1
m
.
m
2
Hnh 1. C`.
hV NOPng m chJdn Fng y~V yYn Lc y
i
Lhoo RhOhng nV Lpm haV J[ cJs ya
chgm F\n hV y~V J[ cJ Zen Rh[V Hnh 1.Cb. Wc FXnh ho[ng cWch N~n nhKL
y\ nh nhKL gVa cWc J[ cJ nV nhaJ ZvV Nx os ZVrL rkng LgV cWc LhcV FVm F}s
cWc J[ cJ c} cng yYn Lc.
LI GI1I
B\V 1.11D
&_V N N\ Jng FOcng Lhng o FV FOPcs y
1
N\ yYn Lc cEa ngOcV Io y~V FOcng
rads y
2
N\ yYn Lc cEa Lhng o Io y~V FOcng rad Lh y
1
y
12
y
2
.
$Xnh NJYL Z\o Lo\n Fng NOPng: m
1
y
1
m
2
y
2
m
1
y
12
y
2
m
2
y
2

,
m m
m
N , m m m N
L
N
m
L
N
L
,
m
2 1
1
1 2 1 2 1
+
+
,
_
Thad I: N is`2m
B\V 1.11A
$Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng cho hU ngOcV " yWn:
y m y m y m
2 2 1 1

+ y~V m m
1
m
2
T hnh y La c} my
2
m
1
y
1
2
m
2
y
2
2

( ) ( )
2 1
2
2 2
2
1 1
m m
y m y m
y
+
+
B\V 1.11`
&_V N\ ho[ng cWch L Lr_ng Lpm m~V cEa hU Frn Lr_ng Lpm & cEa Lc nO~c.
Thoo Jd Lc hPR NQc Iong Iong La c}:
( )
( )
( )

> >
> >
>
P B g P B g
g 5 #
5
# 5 B g B
+ + + +

' '

+ + + +

Tr_ng Lpm cEa hU F SXch chJdn mL Fogn:
( )
>
>
#
5
B
+ +
VYd N\ c} IQ SXch chJdn LOhng FV cEa Lr_ng Lpm FV y~V Znh. V yYds F
gV ngJden yX Lrt cEa Lr_ng Lpm Lh Znh Rh[V SXch chJdn Iang Rhta Lh[ yYL
m
o
mL ho[ng Fjng Zkng
( )
>
>
#
5
B
+ +
Ch chr hVUn LOPng: VYL rhV Jng Z Lgo I}ng nO~c gpd nen NQc LWc Sqng
Lhoo RhOhng ngang N\m cho Loa o Sao Fngs LhVrL NYR NgV yX Lrt cpn Zkng m~V
cho o hV Sao Fng cEa nO~c LL h|n.
B\V 1.11b
AC
m
1
y
1

my
m
2
y
2
y i
N
h
O
A
H
O

$Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng cho hU Lhoo RhOhng ngang LgV yX Lrt cao nhKL:
y
2
m
y
2
m
my +
y.y.
V hHng c} NQc LWc Sqng Lhoo RhOhng ngang nen
Lhoo RhOhng ng\d cWc m[nh chJdn Fng Lh|ng FGJ
y~V LhcV gVan Zkng LhcV gVan yVen Fgn Zad Nen L~V yX
Lrt cao nhKL : L ay
Jng FOcng m[nh 2 Zad FOPc yL .y.ay .a.
ho[ng cWch L Ijng Frn FVm rhV cEa m[nh Fgn Lhw
haV: , a ]a.
B\V 1.12i
$Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng cho hU Fgn hV g Lhoo RhOhng ngang LgV
FVm O: my mMy

y
M m
m
y
+
1
$Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng cho hU LgV O y\ A FVm cao nhKL:
coI 1 gN M m gh M m y M m
2
1
2
+ +
2
T 1 y\ 2 IJd ra
( ) gN 2 . m M
y m
1 coI
2
2 2
+

B\V 1.121
my
i
myMV Vmy
i
2M
MV
2
2 MgN
gN M `
my
MgN 2
MV
2
2
i
2

B\V 1.222
&_V y N\ yYn Lc yYL m LrO~c ya chgm Rmy.
R
2
2my
2
R2 my2 y
2
y]
SaJ hV ya chgm:
o R
1
R
2
my2my] y
1
y2
o R
2
R
1
2my
2
my y
2
y2
$ng nMng LrO~c y\ IaJ ya chgm:
o
FL
my
2
2 my
2
1D bmy
2
1D
o
FI
my
2
2 my
2
] .my
2
`
Ch nMng mKL:
F
.my
2
1D
B\V 1.12.:
AD
CHng Lhwc NVen hU Fng nMng y\ Fng NOPng: R
2
2mK
Thoo FJ Z\V:
1 1 2 2
2
1 2
1
2
2
K m
]
C
K m
]
R
R R + 1
B[o Lo\n ch nMng:
K
1
K
2
K
1
] K
2
.K
1
] 2
T 1 y\ 2 m
2
Cm
1
..
B\V 1.12]:
B[o Lo\n Fng NOPng:
v v u +
r ur r
T hnh y IJd ra:
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2
2 oI.i
2
2 oI.i . 1
]
>
u
v v vv c
u
v v v v c v v vv
_
+

,
+ +
B[o Lo\n ch nMng:
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
2
2 2 2 2 2
u
v v u v v + +
T 1 y\ 2 La c} hU RhOhng Lrnh
2
2 2
2
2 2
.
.
]
2
. 2
v
u
v
v v vv
v
u
u
v v

' '

B\V 1.12C:
VYn Lc cEa yYL m
1
ngad LrO~c ya chgm:
( ) ( )
2
2 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 oI 2 1 oI
2
v
g # c v g # c
v g #

VYn Lc cWc J[ cJ ngad IaJ ya chgm:
( ) ( )
( )
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
1
1 2 1 2
2 v v g #
v

+ +

+ +
( )
( )
2 1 2 1 1 1 1
2
1 2 1 2
2 2 v v g #
v

+

+ +
B[o Lo\n ch nMng cho cWc J[ cJ IaJ ya chgm:
AA
my
my
mJ2

( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 2
1 2 1 2
1
1 oI 1 oI
2
2.
2
2 1 `b
oI is b1
2 b`
2
g #
v g # c g # c

+
+
+
+ +
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
2
1 1
2 2
2 1 2
] 1 1
1 oI 1 oI
2 2
2 1iA
oI 1 is A2A
1]A
g #
v g # c g # c

#
c
#

+

+
B\V 1.12D:
L ya chgm J[ cJ 1 y\ 2: IaJ ya chgm J[ cJ 1 c} yYn Lc y.s J[ cJ 2 c}
yYn Lc y
2
o B[o Lo\n Fng NOPng: m
1
y m
1
y. m
2
y
2
1
o B[o Lo\n ch nMng: m
1
y
2
m
1
y
2
b m
2
y
2
2
2
y
2
]y. m
2
m
1
2
L ya chgm J[ cJ 2 y\ .: IaJ ya chgm J[ cJ 2 c} yYn Lc y
2
2s J[ cJ .
c} yYn Lc y
.
.
o B[o Lo\n Fng NOPng: m
2
y
2
m
2
y
2
2 m
.
y
.
.
o B[o Lo\n ch nMng: m
2
y
2

2

m
2
y
2

2
] m
.
y
2
.
2
y
.
1sCy
2
m
.
m
2
. m
1
D
( S\ng Ltnh FOPc H
1
Hb H
2
]Hb H
.
]H
B\V 1.12A:
&_V y
i
y\ y N\ yYn Lc ZV ch ngad LrO~c y\ IaJ ya chgm Lh y
i
2
2gH y\ y
2
2gh.
B[o Lo\n Fng NOPng: my
i
] my] my y N\ yYn Lc ZV IL ngad IaJ ya
chgm.
y y
i
" y ]
Ch nMng LrO~c ya chgm: mgH]
Ch nMng IaJ ya chgm: mgh] my
2
2 mgh] mg H hH h1D
Phn Fng nMng chJdn Lh\nh nhVUL:

( ) Hh 2 h C H . mg
1D
1
+
B\V 1.12`:
&V J[ cJ m
2
:
2
2
y m
2 2
i 1
1
Th[ Fng LhcV 2 J[:
2
2
y m
2
y m
2 2
2 2
2
1 1
+ 2
A`
ML hWc: m
1
y
1
m
2
y
2
y
2
m
1
y
1
m
2
.
Thad 1 y\ . y\o 2 La FOPc
( )
2 1 2
2
1
i 2
2 1
2
i 1
m m m
m
y y
m m
m
y y
+
B\V 1.12b:
ChOa rhV yYL Jng:
My
A
2
A
2
My
2
i 2
i
2
i
2
i
1.
VYL rhV Jng:
y m M
A
2
A
2
y m M

2
2
2 2
+

+
2.
ML hWc: Mmy My
i
i
y
m M
M
y
+
..
T 1s 2 y\ .:
m M
M
A A
i
+
B\V 1.1.i:
L ya chgm gVa m
.
y\ m
2
:
y m y m y m
. 2 i .
+
1
2
.
2
2
2
i .
y m
2
1
y m
2
1
y m
2
1
+
2
&V[V 1 y\ 2 La c} y y
i
y\ yi J[ cJ . Lrao FV yYn Lc y~V J[ cJ 2.
B[o Lo\n Fng NOPng cho 2 J[ cJ 1 y\ 2: my
i
my
1
my
2
y
i
y
1
y
2
conIL
KhV Lpm & cEa hU 2 J[ cJ 1 y\ 2 nkm v LrJng FVm cEa Nx o y\ chJdn
Fng y~V yYn Lc y
&
y
i
2. NrJ L Lrong hU Jd chVrJ gn y~V & Lh & Fwng dens
2 J[ cJ Sao Fng Janh & y~V yYn Lc cQc FgV y
i
2. KhV F} c} Lh coV nhO mV
J[ cJ gn y~V mL Nx o c} chVGJ S\V N2s F cwng 2.
KhV haV J[ cJ c} cng yYn Lc Lh y
1
y
2
y
i
2 Lrong hU Jd chVrJ hV Lpm
hV n\d haV J[ cJ Fwng den chf c} Lhr nMngs hHng c} Fng nMng. $ ZVrn
Sgng cWc Nx o hV n\d FOPc Ltnh Lhoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng:
`
m
y A A 2
2
1
2
y
m
2
1
i
2
2
i

,
_
,x o ngn nhKL hV ZX nn 2A:

2
m
y N A 2 N N
i mVn

,x o S\V nhKL hV gVn 2A:
2
m
y N A 2 N N
i ma
+ +
Ab
Chusln ; M: TNH HC
TW\nF THPT Chusln 8nh jL Gi_nF
1.1.b. ML hnh cJ FOPc ZJc y\o mL IPV
Spd y\ LQa y\o LOcng nhO hnh y 1.b.
Tpm hnh cJ C nkm Lren cng FOcng
Lh|ng Fwng FV Ja FVm Lroo O g}c gVa
Spd y\ RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng N\ s gVa
ZWn tnh FV Ja FVm nV y~V Spd A y\
RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng N\ . Tm FVGJ VUn
cEa hU I ma IWL gVa J[ cJ y\ LOcng
F hU c} Lh cpn Zkng BVrL:
2.
1.1]i. ML chVrc Lhang c} hV NOPng m 1Cg y\ chVGJ S\V N .m FOPc FL LQa FJ
Lren F FOPc m\V Lrxn y\o LOcngs FJ SO~V FL Lren I\n nh\. &}c nghVeng cEa
Lhang Io y~V RhOhng nkm ngang N\ Di
i
. Tren Lhang c} mL ngOcV hV
NOPng M Di g Fwng LgV yX Lrt cWch FJ Lren cEa Lhang mL ho[ng a 1m.
Tm F N~n y\ RhOhng cEa NQc m\ I\n LWc Sqng Nen Lhang hV cpn Zkng
1.1]1. ML Lhanh c} hV NOPng m y\ chVGJ S\V N FOPc gn FJ SO~V y\o mL Z[n NG
Hnh 1.1i. Troo mL rxng r_c nkm Lren Lrqc Lh|ng Fwng FV Ja Z[n NG y\ cWch
Z[n NG mL Fogn N\ H. BJc FJ Lren cEa Lhanh y\o mL IPV Spd y\ yL Ja rxng
r_c. Tm hV NOPng nh nhKL cn ZJc y\o FJ Va cEa Spd F cho Lhanh nkm
cpn Zkng ZGn Lrong mL Rh|ng Lh|ng Fwng
1.1]2. HaV yYL c} hV NOPng N\ m y\ M
FOPc nV y~V nhaJ Zkng mL Nx o.
KhV hU FOPc Lroo nhO Hnh 1.11as
F S\V cEa Nx o N\ N
1
. KhV hU FOPc
FL Lren gVW F nhO Hnh 1.11s Zs
F S\V cEa Nx o N\ N
2
. Tm F S\V
LQ nhVen cEa Nx o
1.1].. Ta Rh[V o IPV Spd Lhng nh
SO~V g}c nhO Lhr n\o F o yYL
nng chJdn Fng hHng gVa Lc
Lren mL Rh|ng nkm ngang Hnh
1.12s a BVrL rkng yYL ZL FJ LQ LrOPL hV FL Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng c} g}c
nghVeng Hnh 1.12s Z.
ì
O
C
A

Hnh 1.b.
Hnh 1.1i.
H
N
1
m
M
N
2
m
M
Hnh 1.11.
a
Z
1.1]]. Tm NQc nh nhKL LWc Sqng Lhoo RhOhng nkm ngang y\o yYL c} hV NOPng m
1gs Fang nkm Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng c} g}c nghVeng .i
i
F cho n}
Fwng den Hnh 1.1. HU I ma IWL gVa yYL y\ mL Rh|ng nghVeng N\ is2.
1.1]C. Tm NQc nh nhKL LWc Sqng Lhoo RhOhng nkm ngang y\o yYL c} hV NOPng m
2gs Fang nkm Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng c} g}c nghVeng .i
i
F cho n}
chJdn Fng FGJ Nen Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng Hnh 1.1. HU I ma IWL gVa
yYL y\ mL Rh|ng nghVeng N\ is..
1.1]D. ML hV hnh hR ch nhYL c} LVrL SVUn Lh|ng aZ Hnh 1.1] FOPc o LrOPL
FGJ Lren mL Rh|ng ngang Zkng mL chVrc Spd Lhng y~V g}c o c} Lh Lhad
FV FOPc. HU I ma IWL gVa yYL y\ mL Rh|ng ngang N\ . Tm g}c hV yYL ZL
FJ ZX nhKc Nen
1.1]A. VYL hV NOPng m c} tch LhO~c aZ Hnh 1.1C nkm Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng
c} g}c nghVeng . BL FJ LWc Sqng NQc Iong Iong y~V mL Rh|ng nghVeng.
V~V NQc nhO Lhr n\o Lh yYL ZX NYL F BVrL rkng hV F} yYL hHng ZX LrOPL
Jng mL Rh|ng nghVeng.
1.1]`. ML hV NYR RhOhng nh hV NOPng m 1iig FL Lren mL Rh|ng nhWm
nghVeng y~V RhOhng nkm ngang mL g}c .i
i
Hnh 1.1D. HU I ma IWL gVa
hV NYR RhOhng y\ mL nhWm N\ is`. Tm NQc nh nhKL LWc Sqng y\o hV
`1
Z
Hnh 1.12.
Hnh 1.1..
Z
a

a2
Hnh 1.1].
Hnh 1.1C.
a
Z
Hnh 1.1D.
NYR RhOhng Lhoo RhOhng ngang F cho n} ZL FJ chJdn Fng ,Qc nkm Lren
mL Rh|ng nghVeng.
1.1]b. ML chVrc ZjL ch c} LVrL SVUn hnh Nqc gVWc ZX Fd S_c Lhoo mL Rh|ng ngang
Hnh 1.1A. Tm hU I ma IWL gVa ZjL ch y\ mL Rh|ng ngang F n} LrOPL Lren
mL Rh|ng ngang m\ hHng Jad
1.1Ci. ML chVrc HLH hV NOPng M 1 LKn chJdn Fng Nen Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng
c} g}c nghVeng 12
i
. Tm hVUJ cWc WR NQc cEa ZWnh LrO~c y\ ZWnh IaJ cEa o
Jng mL FOcng BVrL rkngs ho[ng cWch gVa cWc Lrqc N\ ,2sCms hV Lpm
cEa o v cWch FGJ cWc Lrqc y\ nkm v F cao H isACm Io y~V mL FOcng.
1.1C1. o L[V c} hV NOPng M ` LKn Fang yOPL Sc Hnh 1.1`. o L[V o Lhoo mL
mo}c c} hV NOPng m ] LKn. (pd nV nkm v F cao h 1m. KhV Lpm & cEa
o L[V nkm v F cao H 2m ho[ng cWch gVa cWc Lrqc ZWnh o N\ , ]m. KhV
FV Lren FOcng nkm ngang Lh cWc ZWnh IaJ R Nen mL FOcng mL NQc Zkng .]
Lo\n Z Lr_ng NOPng cEa o. V~V g}c nghVeng cEa Sc nhO Lhr n\o Lh o ZX F
yG IaJ ThQc Lr c} ngJd hVm had hHngs nrJ cHng IJKL cEa Fng ch chf FE F
yOPL Sc c} g}c nghVeng hHng yOPL JW 1i
i
1.1C2. Tm IQ Lhad FV WR NQc Nen ZWnh LrO~c cEa mL H LH hV NOPng m 1Cii g

Fang chJdn Fng Lren mL FOcng nkm ngang c} hU I ma IWL is]s hV
hm ZWnh IaJ mL cWch LV Fa m\ hHng N\m [d ra IQ LrOPL KhV Lpm H LH
nkm cWch FGJ cWc Lrqc o y\ nkm v F cao N\ h Di cm Io y~V mL FKL ho[ng
cWch gVa Lrqc LrO~c y\ Lrqc IaJ cEa o N\ S .sC m.
`2
&
,
Hnh 1.1`.
Hnh 1.1A.
a
Hnh 1.1b. Hnh 1.2i.
Hnh 1.21.
a
r
#
1.1C.. ML chVrc nem c} g}c nghVeng chJdn Fng y~V gVa Lc a Lren mL Z\n nkm
ngang Rh|ng Hnh 1.1b. V~V gVa Lc a nhO Lhr n\o Lh yYL nkm Lren mL nem
ZL FJ LrOPL Nen Lren HU I ma IWL gVa yYL y\ nem N\ .
1.1C]. ML Fâ Lrxn mng Fng nhKL ZWn tnh #s ZX cL mKL mL mVrng hnh Lrxn c}
ZWn tnh nh hhn 2 Nn y\ LVrR jc y~V y\nh Fâ Hnh 1.2i. KhV Lpm cEa Rhn
cxn NgV nkm v FpJ
1.1CC. Ko IPV chf ZJc Janh cJn chf FL Lren mL Z\n nhO Lrong Hnh 1.21s Iao cho
gVa Lc cEa cJn chf gV hHng FV y\ Zkng a. HU I ma IWL gVa Z\n y\ y\nh
cJn chf Rh[V nhO Lhr n\o F cJn chf LrOPL m\ hHng Jad BWn tnh y\nh y\
NV cJn chf Nn NOPL N\ # y\ r.
1.1CD. CJn chf I NMn yG Rhta n\os nrJ La o IPV chf
SO~V cWc g}c nghVeng hWc nhaJ Hnh 1.22 L
cWc LrOcng hPR IaJ: a RhOhng Spd FV Ja FVm O
FVm LVrR jc gVa y\nh cJn chf y\ mL Z\n Z
g}c o Spd nh hhn Lrong LrOcng hPR a c g}c
o Spd N~n hhn Lrong LrOcng hPR a. Trong c[ Za
LrOcng hPR cJn chf hHng LrOPL.
1.1CA. Tren mL hnh Lrq ZWn tnh #s LgV yX Lrt cWch Lrqc
mL ho[ng 2#.s ngOcV La hoan mL N hnh Lrq
c} ZWn tnh #]s Lrqc cEa N y\ cEa hnh Lrq Iong
Iong y~V nhaJ Hnh 1.2.. $ y\o Lrong N F} mL
chKL c} hV NOPng rVeng N~n gKR 11 Nn hV NOPng
rVeng cEa chKL N\m hnh Lrq. Hnh Lrq FOPc FL nkm
Lren mL LKm yWn nh. NhKc chYm mL FJ cEa LKm
yWn Nen. Tm g}c nghVeng cQc FgV cEa LKm yWn
y~V RhOhng ngang F cho hnh Lrq cxn nkm cpn
Zkng HU I ma IWL gVa LKm yWn y\ hnh Lrq N\
is..
1.1C`. Trqc Jad 1 LrJdGn chJdn Fng Jad cho Lrqc 2 nhc ma IWL gVa haV hnh n}n
gVng nhaJs R FGJ Nen nhaJ S_c Lhoo FOcng IVnh cEa chjng Hnh 1.2]. Tm
yYn Lc g}c
2
cEa Lrqc 2 hHng L[Vs nrJ yYn Lc g}c cEa Lrqc 1 N\
1
.
`.
Hnh 1.22.
a
Z
c
Hnh 1.2..
`]
Hnh 1.2].
Trqc 2
2
Trqc 1
1
LI GI1I
@i 1.1~
Ch_n hU Lrqc L_a F Od nhO hnh y.
Phpn Ltch NQc:
s
P V T 7
ur uur ur uuuur
.
$VGJ VUn cpn Zkng : i
s
P V T 7 + + +
ur uur ur uuuur r
ChVrJ Nen id :
N TIVn 1

mI

P " TcoI
.N 2
$VGJ VUn cpn Zkng mHmon y~V Lrqc Jad B :
T.# 1 coI P.#
SJd ra :
IVn
1 c I 1 c I
P P
T V
> >

+ +
.
Thad . y\o 2 rjL ra :
1
IVn
.
@i 1.1
CWc NQc LWc Sqng y\o Lhang FOPc Rhpn Ltch
nhO hnh y.
$VGJ VUn cpn Zkng mHmon y~V Lrqc Jad A :
N
2
.NIVn P
1
.
2
coI coI
2
#
P # & +
Lrong F} a N. P
1
mg P
2
Mg.
IJd ra :
2
2
. Lan
2 .
B
V g c + 1
$VGJ VUn cpn Zkng NQc :
N
1
M mg 2
N
2

mI
.
T 1s . :
mI

2
. Lan
2 .
B
g c + ]
VYd NQc m\ I\n LWc Sqng Nen Lhang N\ :
2 2
1
7 V 7
s
+
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
ìi
2 .
B
g ctg B V
_
+ + +

,
&}c hPR ZvV
7
ur
Io y~V RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng : Lan
1
. ]
. Lan
D
s
7 B
c
V B

+
+
i
. ]
2i
D D
B
&rctg ctg
B

+
_

+
,
`C
(
C
A

Hnh 1.b.
T
ur
P
ur
V
uur
s
7
uuur
B
d
1
V
uur
s
7
uuur
1
P
ur
2
P
uur
2
V
uur
A
B
O
d

@i 1.H.
Ch_n mc Lhr nMng LgV Z[n NG.
Thr nMng cEa hU : 0 mg.
2
#
IVn MgH " a
2
Trong F} a
2
N\ chVGJ S\V Fogn Spd v Zen LrWV rxng r_c
ChVGJ S\V Fogn Spd v Zen Rh[V rxng r_c Zkng :
a
1

2 2
2 IVn H # H# + Z Ja tch LhO~c rxng r_c
&_V a a
1
a
2
N\ chVGJ S\V Spd Lh
2 2
1
IVn 2 IVn
2
< g# Bg H & H # H# + + +
V LgV yX Lrt cpn Zkng ZGn nen Fgo h\m 0 Lhoo IVn Rh[V
Zkng is La c} :
2 2
2
2 2
S0
. i
SIVn 2
2 IVn
2
IVn 1
2
.
2
g# H#
Bg
H # H#
BH
H #
H]
H #
B
H

+
_
+

,

@i 1.H1
L hnh 1.11 a: NQc LWc Sqng Nen yYL M gm haV NQc
Tr_ng NQc
P
r
s NQc F\n hV
dh
7
r

M v Lrgng LhWV cpn Zkng: i
dh
P 7 +
r r r
dh
P 7
r r
Tr_ng NQc hO~ng Jng Nx o ZX Sn
1 i

dh
P 7 Bg . # #
1
L hnh 21.a: NQc LWc Sqng Nen yYL m gm haV NQc
Tr_ng NQc
)
r
s NQc F\n hV
dh
Z
r
m v Lrgng LhWV cpn Zkng: i
dh dh
) Z ) Z +
r r r
r r
Tr_ng NQc hO~ng Jng Nx o ZX nn
i 2

dh
) Z g . # #
2
T 1 y\ 2
1 i 1 2
i
i 2

. # # # B# Bg
#
g . # # B
+

+
@i 1.HH:
L hnh 1.12 a NQc LWc Sqng Nen yYL
nng gm
`D
M
Hnh 1.1i.
H
a
2
a
1
m
N
m
M
P
Sh
m
M
P
Sh
Tr_ng NQc
P
r
s NQc o
7
r
s Rh[n NQc
V
r
y\ NQc ma IWL
s
7
r
.
V yYL chJdn Fng hHng
gVa Lc nen La c} RhOhng Lrnh
IaJ: i
s
P 7 V 7 + + +
r r r r r
1
Ch_n hU Lrqc od nhO hnh y.
ChVrJ RhOhng Lrnh 1 Nen
haV Lrqc o y\ od La FOPc:
Trqc o: coI

mI
i 2
Trqc od: IVn
N P i
. N P IVn
Lhad y\o
RhOhng Lrnh 2 La FOPc:
coI
P IVn
i
oI IVn
g
7
c

]
BVrL rkng yYL ZL FJ LrOPL hV FL yYL Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng c} nghVeng
nen
Ta c}: Lan

Lhad y\o RhOhng Lrnh ]

. Lan
oI Lan .IVn
g
7
c

So mg.Lan
coIL nen FL

oI Lan .IVn c

IVn Lan . oI Z c
+
yYd

FgL gVa LrX cQc LrX hV

i IVn Lan . oI i Lan Lan Z c
+
VYd La Rh[V o yYL SO~V g}c

Lh yYL LrOPL hHng gVa
Lc.
@i 1.HI:
VYL LWc Sqng Nen m gm c}: Tr_ng NQc
P
r
s Rh[n NQc V
r
s
NQc ma IWL
s
7
r
y\ NQc
7
r
. VYL Fwng cpn Zkng Nen NQc ma
IWL v Fpd N\ NQc ma IWL nghf.
L LrOcng hPR Lhw nhKL: yYL c} J hO~ng FV Jng
PhOhng chVGJ cWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen m nhO hnh y:
Ta c} RhOhng Lrnh: i
s
P V 7 7 + + +
r r r r r
1
chVrJ Nen cWc Lrqc Log F o y\ od La FOPc:
Trqc o:
mI
IVn oI i P 7c
2
Trqc od:
oI IVn i V Pc
.

oI IVn V Pc

Thad y\o RhOhng Lrnh 2
À
Z
01n(
!.!2.
o
d
P
mI
01n(
!.!$.
P
mI
N
d
01n(
!.!$.
mI
P
N
d
o

PIVn oI oI IVn i 7c . Pc 7 +
IVn oI Lan
coI IVn 1 . Lan
g .c g .
7
.

+
.s. N.
L LrOcng hPR Lhw nhKL: yYL c} J hO~ng FV Nen
PhOhng chVGJ cWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen m nhO hnh y:
Ta c} RhOhng Lrnh: i
s
P V 7 7 + + +
r r r r r
]
chVrJ Nen cWc Lrqc Log F o y\ od La FOPc
chVrJ Nen cWc Lrqc Log F o y\ od La FOPc:
Trqc o:
mI
IVn oI i P 7c +
C
Trqc od:
oI IVn i V Pc
D
oI IVn V Pc

Thad y\o RhOhng Lrnh C

PIVn oI oI IVn i 7c . Pc 7 + +
IVn oI Lan
coI IVn 1 . Lan
g .c g .
7
.

+ +

`.` .s.
VYd NQc nh nhKL LWc Sqng y\o yYL m F n} Fwng den N\:
Lan
1 . Lan
g .
7
.

+
.s. N.
@i 1.HM.
CWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen yYL gHm c}: Ps Ns y\
mI
.
S Sqng FXnh NJYL II NowLon La c}:
7 7 V P &
s

+ + +
ma coI PIVn
mI
coI PIVn N i
V chJdn Fng Lh|ng FGJ
i PcoI IVn N IJd ra N PcoI IVn :
Thad y\o RhOhng Lrnh LrUn La LhJ FOPc:
coI PIVn PcoI IVn i rjL ra:
( ) V g
tg .
. tg
7 ] s 21
. 1

@i 1.HP.
( S\ng c} FOPc FVGJ VUn F yYL chJdn Fng
Lh|ng FGJ N\: coI P " IVn

IVn coI .
.P
+
1
$VGJ VUn F yYL ZX npng Nen: Momon cEa FV
y~V Lrqc Jad Ja Rh[V N~n hhn hoc Zkng
momon cEa P
Ta c}: P.
coI .
2
IVn
2

&
1 7
1

2
``
mI

Z
a

a2
N
P
Thad 1 y\o 2 La c}: Z.coI Z.IVn 2Z.IVn .a.coI
BVrn FV La LhJ FOPc rL J[ :
1
Z
a
Lg +
.
VY F npng FOPc yYL Nen La cn LWc Sqng y\o yYL mL NQc y~V g}c LV LhVJ N\ Lha
mn .
@i 1.Hx.
$ c} Lh NYL FOPc hV hR Lh momon LV LhVJ
cEa NQc Rh[V N~n hhn momon c[n NgV cEa P.

Lan .
2 2
coI . .
1 &
P 1 7
had
IVn coI .
2

1
& g
7

@i 1.Hy
Chon hU Lrqc L_a F Od nhO hnh y.
Phpn Ltch NQc:
s
P V 7 7
ur uur ur uuuur
.
KhV yYL ZL FJ chJdn Fng Lren I\n Lh NQc
ma IWL LWc Sqng Nen yYL N\ NQc ma IWL LrOPLs La c}:
mIL
.N 1
KhV LWc Sqng NQc nh nhKL y\o yYL F N\m yYL
ZL FJ chJdn Fngs Lh yYL chJdn Fng FGJs La
c}: i
s
P V 7 7 + + +
ur uur ur uuuur r
2
ChVrJ 2 Nen cWc Lrqc L_a F La FOPc:
Tren O:
mI
P
mg.IVn .
Tren Od: N P
d
mg.coI ]
Tren O:
2 2
mVn sd s s5
7 7 7 7 C
Thad 1s .s ] y\o C La FOPc:
( )
2
2
mVn
. . oI IVn 7 g . c D
Thad I: m 1iig is1g g bs`mI
2
is`
.i
o
y\o D La FOPc:
mVn
is]A N
`b

a
Z
5
O
y
P
d
P
P
ur
V
uur
s5
7
uuuuur
Hnh chVrJ Lren Od
P
s5
7
uuuuur
sd
7
uuuuur
s
7
uuuur
mVn
7
uuuuur
5
d
O
Hnh chVrJ Lren O
@i 1.H~
Phpn Ltch NQc:
s
P V 7 7
ur uur ur uuuur
Lrong F}: gVW cEa Rh[n NQc V
uur
c} RhOhng Lh|ng
Fwng cL mL chpn F cEa chVrc ZjL ch
KhV chVrc ZjL ch ZL FJ ZX Jad Lh Rh[n NQc V
uur

c} gVW FV Ja FVm LQa Bs hV F}:

i i
s
V B 7 B
B B
uur uuuur
s La c}:
7 B P B
B B
ur ur
.
. .
2 2 .
& & g
7 g 7
$ chVrc ZjL ch hHng ZX Jad Janh FVm B Lh:
.
g
7
1
$ chVrc ZjL ch ZX LrOPL Lh Lhoo RhOhng ngang:
( )
sn
&5
7 7 . . 7 . V . g 2
T 1s 2 La c}:
1
. is C`
. .
g
. g .
@i 1.H
Phpn Ltch NQc:
1 2 1 2

sn sn
P V V 7 7
ur uur uuur uuuuuur uuuuuur
o chJdn Fng Nen Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng
nen cWc NQc ma IWL LWc Sqng Nen cWc ZWnh o N\
ma IWL nghfs F}ng yaV Lrx NQc RhWL Fng Lrong
chJdn Fng cEa o
V o chJdn Fng Nen Lren mL Rh|ng
nghVeng hHng ZX NYLs WR Sqng Jd Lc
mHmon:
$V y~V Lrqc Jad Ja A:
1 1 2

i i i
sn sn
V 6 7 6 7 6
B B B
uur uuuuuur uuuuuur
s La c}:
2

2
. oI . .IVn . .
2
P 6 V 6
B B
]
Bg c Bg H V ]

ur uuur
2
1
. oI . .IVn
2
H
V Bg c Bg
]

1
$V y~V Lrqc Jad Ja B:
2 2 1

i i i
sn sn
V B 7 B 7 B
B B B
uuur uuuuuur uuuuuur
s La c}:
bi
A B
P
ur
V
uur
7
ur
s
7
uuuur
H
A
B
&
1
V
uur
2
V
uuur
P
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1 s
7
uuuur
2 s
7
uuuuur
1

1
. oI . .IVn . .
2
P B V B
B B
]
Bg c Bg H V ]
+
ur uur
1
1
. oI . .IVn
2
H
V Bg c Bg
]
+
2
T 1s 2 La c}:
1 2
2 . .IVn
H
V V V Bg
]

Thad I: M 1 LKn 1iiig g bs`mI
2
H isACm , 2sCm 12
o
La c}:
N 1s2.1i
.
N
@i 1.I
Phpn Ltch NQc nhO hnh y:
o L[V:
s
P T V 7
ur ur uur uuuur
Rh[n NQc cEa o c} Lh Rhpn Z Lren c[ ZWnh LrO~c y\ ZWnh IaJ
o mooc:
s
P T V 7
uur uur uur uuuuur
KhV o ZL FJ ZX F yG Rhta IaJ Lh:
Lo\n Z Lr_ng NQc cEa o Sn hrL cho ZWnh IaJs hV F} Rh[n NQc V
uur
c} gVW FV Ja As
nghâ N\:
i
V 6
B
uur
$V y~V Lrqc Jad Ja As La c}:

T 6 P 6
B B
ur ur
1
o mooc Fang FOPc o Nen Scs nen:
.IVn T g
.IVn .
T 6
B g h
ur
2
$V y~V o L[V hV FV Lren mL FOcng nkm ngangs .] Lr_ng NOPng cEa o R Nen cWc
ZWnh IaJ nen Lr_ng Lpm & cEa o ZX NUch yG Rhta ZWnh IaJ y\ cWch Lrqc ZWnh IaJ Lhoo
RhOhng Iong Iong y~V mL Sc mL Fogn ,]s La c}:

y 5
P 6 P 6
P 6
B B B
ur
b1
&
,
P
ur
V
uur
sn
7
uuuuur
H
T
ur
T
uur
h
P
P
d
A
,
. oI . .IVn .
]
P 6
B Bg c Bg H
ur
.
Thad 2s . y\o 1 La c}:
( )
,
.IVn . . oI . .IVn .
]
.
. . .IVn . oI
]
g h Bg c Bg H
B ]
h B H c

+
M,]
Lan
m.hM.H

]
Thad I: M ` LKns m ] LKns , ]ms H 2ms h 1ms La c}: Lan is].
CHng IJKL cEa Fng ch chf [nh hOvng Frn IQ chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn cEa o L[Vs So F}
hHng gpd ngJd hVm g hV o L[V Nen Sc.
@i 1.I1.
KhV chOa Rhanh WR NQc LWc Sqng Nen ZWnh LrO~c N\
2
mg
N
2i

KhV Rhanh ZWnh IaJs ZWnh IaJ chXJ LWc Sqng NQc ma IWL 1 mI
N
s La c}
RhOhng Lrnh cpn Zkng momon Janh hV Lpm cEa o:
h
2
S
N
2
S
N
mI 1 2
+
1
Ta c}: N
1
N
2
" mg i 2
T 1 y\ 2s IJd ra:
h S
h 2 S
2
mg
N
2
+
+
$ ZVrn LhVen WR NQc Nen ZWnh o LrO~c:

]ì
h S
h
2
mg
N N N
2i 2

+

N
@i 1.IH.
PhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fng cEa yYL m:
a m N P
mI
+ +

'

ma coI IVn N
i IVn coI N mg
mI
mI
SJd ra:
'

+
coI a IVn g m
IVn a coI g m N
mI
BVrL:
N
mI

Nen:
IVn a coI g coI a IVn g +
VYL ZL FJ LrOPL Nen Lren hV:

+
Lg 1
Lg
. g a
s y~V FVGJ VUn Lg
1.
b2
a
N
mI
P
2
N
1
N
mI
P
@i 1.II.
Ch_n Lpm O N\m gc Log Fs La c}:
i
is
1

2
#
KhV Lpm & v Lren Lrqc O:
2
#
.
m m
m
m m
m m
1
1
1
1 1 i
&
1
ML hWc
]
1
#
r
S
S
m
m
2
2
1 1 1
2
T 1 y\ 2s IJd ra:
D
#
&

VYds hV Lpm & v ngo\V OO
1
yG Rhta Os cWch O mL ho[ng
D
#
.
@i 1.IM.
HInh 8?:8A
V cJn chf hHng Jad La c} RhOhng Lrnh cpn Zkng
momon Janh Lrqc FV Ja Lpm cJn chf:

. .
s
7 + 7 r
1
CJn chf LrOPL y~V gVa Lc a La c} RhOhng Lrnh
chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn:

s
7 7 &
2
T RhOhng Lrnh 2 IJd ra
s
7 & 7 +
Lhad y\o RhOhng Lrnh 1:

. .
s s
7 + & 7 r +
y~V
s
7 .g

SJd ra

r&
.
+ r g
@i 1.IP.
HInh 8?::A
PhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn:
coI
sn
7 7 &
1
PhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fng Jad Janh Lrqc i:
i
. .
sn
7 + 7 r X
2
Ta c}:
&
+

2
i
X +
y~V
i >
N\ hU I
T RhOhng Lrnh 1 y\ 2s IJd ra:
b.
O
O
1
&
Hnh 1.21&
a
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ht IaJ hV ht F cpn Zkngs ZVrL rkng hV F} Rhn Lren cEa
RVLLHng Lrong V Nanh 2 yTn cxn ho[ng Lrng. Cho M is1s y~V N\ I moN ht ma
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ht Lrong V Nanh T IaJ hV ht Lrong V Nanh F cpn Zkng.
B Ja nhVUL NOPng hKR Lhq ZvV VNanhs RVLLHngs Nx o y\
ma IWL gVa RVLLHng y\ V Nanh.
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ngang. &}c hPR ZvV mL Rh|ng nghVeng y\ mL Rh|ng
ngang cEa nem N\ Hnh .. ML yVen ZV hV NOPng
m Zad y~V yYn Lc y
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Va FOPc NJn Ja mL ho v mL Z\n y\ nV y~V mL yYL nng
hV NOPng m Hnh ]. V~V gVW LrX n\o cEa m Lh hU cpn Zkng
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P
r
1
P
r
2
V
r
s
m
Hnh C
; I: T%3NG THPT CHUYN TNH S4N L&
C}u 1:
ML ZWnh o c} ZWn tnh #s FL cWch mL FKL mL
Fogn hs Jad FGJ y~V yYn Lc g}c
. T FVm A Lren
ZWnh o Zn ra mL gV_L nO~c y\ n} rhV chgm FKL LgV FVm
Bs ngad SO~V Lpm cEa ZWnh o. Wc FXnh yX Lrt FVm A y\
LhcV gVan rhV cEa gV_L nO~c.
C}u H:
ML ngOcV hV NOPng m Fwng v FJ o LrOPL c}
hV NOPng M chVGJ S\V ,. NgOcV F} Rh[V nh[d y~V yYn Lc nh nhKL Zkng Zao nhVeJ y\
Lhoo hO~ng n\o F Frn FJ Va cEa o LrOPL nrJ:
a o LrOPL FOPc gV chL
Z o LrOPL FOPc Lh[ LQ So Lren mL ZMng
C}u I:
ML Lhanh AB Fng chKL hV NOPng m 2ig SQa y\o LOcng Lrhn nhn SO~V g}c
nghVeng
. HU I ma IWL gVa Lhang y\ I\n N\

is D
a Thang Fwng den cpn Zkngs Lm cWc NQc LWc
Sqng Nen Lhanh hV ]C
Z Tm cWc gVW LrX
F Lhang Fwng den hHng

LrOPL Lren I\n
c ML ngOcV c} hV NOPng m ]ig Noo Nen
Lhang hV ]C . HV ngOcV n\d Nen L~V yX Lrt M n\o
Lren Lhang Lh Lhang I ZX LrOPL. BVrL rkng Lhang S\V N 2m. ,Kd g 1imI
2
.
C}u M:
ML Znh hnh Lrq tn FL Lh|ng Fwngs c} mL RVLLHng nng cWch nhVUL chVa Znh
Lh\nh haV Rhn. Phn Lren chwa 1moN y\ Rhn SO~V chwa 2moN cEa cng mL chKL ht.
KhV nhVUL F haV Rhn N\ T
i
.iiK Lh WR IJKL cEa ht v Rhn SO~V Zkng Za Nn WR IJKL
ht v Rhn Lren. Tm nhVUL F T cEa ht v Rhn
SO~V F RVLHng nkm ngad chtnh gVa Znh hV
nhVUL F Rhn Lren hHng FV
C}u P:
Cho n moN ht Nt LOvng ZVrn FV Lrgng LhWV FOPc
ZVJ SVn nhO hnh y. CWc JW Lrnh 1
2 y\
2 . ZVJ LhX Zkng cWc Fogn Lh|ng. JW Lrnh
. 1 ZVJ LhX Zkng cHng Lhwc:
1i]
m
M
A
B
A
T
i V
2T
1
T
1
2
.
1
O
B
h
( )
1
.
2
T
T 1V 1V .
Trong F} T
1
AACs Z N\ hkng I chOa ZVrL.
Tm cHng cEa hV ht LhQc hVUn Lrong mL chJ Lrnh.
P N:
C}u 1:
$ gV_L nO~c rhV chgm FKL LgV B Lh n} Rh[V Zn ra L FVm A LhJc na SO~V y\ Zen
LrWV cEa ZWnh o
&_V
3
6eB
s ch_n hU Lrqc Log F Od nhO hnh ys La c} RhOhng Lrnh Log F cEa gV_L
nO~c:
( )
2
.coI .
1
.IVn .
2
5 v t v +
y v t gt

+
KhV gV_L nO~c chgm FKL LgV B La c}:
( )
2
2 2 2
] 2 2 2
2 ] 2 2 2
2
2 ] 2 2 2
2
2
IVn coI
IVn Lan
1 .
coI
Lan 1 Lan
2s . IVn coI
2
2 coI 2 coI i
2 i
2
coI
2
2
IVn 1 coI 1
2
5 + y h +
+
t
+
+ g h +
g h + g
+ gh g
+ + gh g
g h
+ + gh g
g h

_
+

,
+
+ + >
+ + +

+
+ + +

+
( )
2
2 2 2 2 ] 2 2 2
2
2 2 2

2
h gh + + + gh g
g h

_

,
+ + +
+
ThcV gVan rhV:
( )
2 2 2 2 ] 2 2 2
2 ] 2 2 2
2 2 2
Lan
2
h gh + + + gh g
t
+ + gh g

+ + +

+ + +
1iC
O
B
h
A
d

C}u H:
a Ch_n hU Lrqc Log F nhO hnh ys gc Log F LgV yX Lrt Zan FJ cEa ngOcV nh[d
PhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fng cEa ngOcV Lhoo cWc Lrqc L_a F N\:
2
i i
1
coI . IVn .
2
5 v t y v t gt
i
1 2
2y IVn
d i L i L chi
g

$ ngOcV F} nh[d Frn cJV o LrOPL Lh:

i 2 i
i mVn
coI .
IVn2
: IVn2 1 ]C
g]
5 v t ] v
H&y v v g]

VYd ngOcV F} Rh[V nh[d y~V yYn Lc nh nhKL N\ g] y\ y~V g}c nh[d hPR y~V o
LrOPL g}c ]C
i mVn
i mVn
coI]C
2
IVn]C
2
5
y
g]
v v
g]
v v

1
Z $ng NOPng cEa hU Lhoo RhOhng ngang FOPc Z[o Lo\n hV o LrOPL FOPc Lh[ LQ Sos
y yYd yYn Lc Lhoo RhOhng ngang cEa ngOcV N\ y
1
s cEa o y
2
Rh[V Lho[ mn:
1 2 2 1
i
v Bv v v
B
+
Trong hU Jd chVrJ gn y~V os yYn Lc cEa ngOcV Lhoo RhOhng ngang cEa ngOcV N\:
1 2 1

5 5
B
v v v h&y v v
B
+
2
Trong hU Jd chVrJ n\ds cWc hnh chVrJ yYn Lc cEa ngOcV Lho[ mn FVGJ VUn 1 nhO
cpJ a.
Thad 1 y\o 2:
1
2
B g]
v
B
+
VYd yYn Lc cQc LVJ cEa ngOcV FV y~V hU Jd chVrJ gn y~V FKL:
( )
2
2 2
mVn 1 2
1
2
y
g] B
v v v
B
+ +
+
&}c nh[d
cEa ngOcV Lho[ mn:

1
Lan
y
v
B
v B
+

1iD
C}u I:
a Thang cpn Zkng:
1 2
i sn P V V 7 + + +
ur uur uur ur r
ChVrJ Nen Os Od hnh y:
2
1
2ii
sn
7 V
V P V
'

ML hWc:
2
P 6 V 6
B B
ur uuur
2
2
. .coI . .IVn
2
1ii
sn
6B
g V 6B
V V 7

Z Ttnh
F Lhang hHng LrOPL Lren I\n:

Ta c}:
2 2
. .coI . .IVn
2 2Lan
6B P
P V 6B V

V
2
2Lan
sn sn
P
V 7 7

ML hWc:
1 sn
7 V P
2Lan
1 1
Lan
2 1s 2
]i
P
P

c $L AM
Ta c}:
1 1 2
i sn P P V V 7 + + + +
ur ur uur uur ur r
ChVrJ Nen Os Od hnh y:
2
1 1
sn
7 V
V P P
'
+
ML hWc:
1 2
P 6 P 6 V 6
B B B +
ur uur uuur
1 2
1
2
. .coI coI . .IVn
2
1
2
sn
6B
g P5 V 6B
P P5
V 7
6B
+
+
Thang ZL FJ LrOPL hV: ( )
1 1 sn
7 V P P +
2
T 1 y\ 2: 1s.m
1iA
A
B
A
P
ur
sn 7
ur
1
V
uur
2
V
uur
e
y
5
A
B
A
P
ur
sn 7
ur
1 V
uur
2 V
uur
e
y
5
1 P
ur
B
C}u M:
&_V R
1
s V
1
y\ R
2
s V
2
R
1
s V
1
y\ R
2
s V
2
LOhng wng N\ Lh Ltch y\ WR IJKL cEa Rhn Lren
y\ Rhn SO~V LrO~c y\ IaJ hV Lhad FV nhVUL F
KhV chOa Lhad FV nhVUL F:
1 1 2 2
i
1 2 2 1 2 1 1
2 1 2 1
2 C
. .
. 2
)V ) V
+T
V V V V V V
) )

+
;

ML hWc:
1 2 1 1
. 2
P P
) ) ) )
F F
+ PsS : Lr_ng NOPng y\ LVrL SVUn cEa RVLLHng
SaJ hV Lhad FV nhVUL F Rhn SO~Vs RVLLHng v chtnh gVa:

1 2 1
C
2 D
V
V V V
Phn Lren nhVUL F hHng FV:

1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
D
C
)V
)V )V ) )
V

Phn SO~V nhVUL F Lhad FV L T
i
Frn T:

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 1
i 2 i i i
12 12
.
1C C
) V ) V ) V T T T
) ) )
T T V T T T

Ta yTn c}:

1 2
P
) )
F
+
1 1 1
i
i
D 12
2
C C
1D
]ii
12
T
) ) )
T
T T c
+

C}u P:
T RhOhng Lrnh :
( )
( )
1
1
2
1
1
.
.
2
2
.

2 2
T
T 1V 1V T
P 1V 1 +
)V +T
T
H&y ) T1 + 1 +V

Ta LhKd P N\ h\m ZYc nhKL cEa V y~V hU I a i.
$ LhX cEa n} FOPc ZVJ SVn Lrong hU Lrqc PsV
c} Sgng Fogn Lh|ng . 1 hnh y
T RhOhng Lrnh Lrgng LhWV wng y~V cWc F|ng JW
1i`
R
i V
R
1
R
.
2
.
1
Lrnh La Wc FXnh FOPc:
2 1 2 1 1 2
. 1 . 2 1 2 .
T 2T s V 2Vs R R
T T s V V 2Vs R .R
ChJdn Iang hU Log F PsV nhO hnh y
( ) ( )
12 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
i 6 ) V ) V V + T T +T <
: Kht IVnh cHng
2.
i 6
( ) ( )
.1 1 . 2 1 1
1 .
i
2 ]
6 ) ) V V +T + > : Kht nhYn cHng
VYd cHng So ht LhQc hVUn FOPc Lrong mL chJ Lrnh:
12 2. .1 1 1 1
. 1
] ]
6 6 6 6 +T +T +T + + +
1ib
; M: T%3NG THPT CHUYN TNH "NH PHC
C}u 1: ML yYL nh LrOPL hHng yYn Lc FJ y\ hHng ma IWL
L FVm cao nhKL cEa mL J[ cJ c} ZWn tnh # ZX gV chL
Lren ZG mL nkm ngang cEa mL cWV Z\n Hnh 1. KhV yYL rhV
Frn Z\n Lh hO~ng rhV Lgo y~V ZG mL Z\n mL g}c Zkng Zao
nhVeJ
C}u H: Ba yxng FUm nh gVng nhaJ As Bs C nkm den Lren
mL mL Rh|ng ngangs nhn. NgOcV La LrJdGn cho yxng A
yYn Lc y
o
y\ n} Frn ya chgm Fng LhcV y~V c[ haV yxng Bs
C Hnh 2. Kho[ng cWch gVa haV Lpm cEa cWc yxng Bs C
LrO~c hV ya chgm Zkng N Nn FOcng tnh mV yxng. CWc
ya chgm FOPc coV N\ ho\n Lo\n F\n hV. Wc FXnh yYn Lc
cEa yxng A IaJ ya chgm. BVUn NJYn Lhoo N F yxng A: ZYL
ngOPc NgVs Sng NgVs LVrR Lqc LVrn Nen.
C}u I: ML Lhanh nh FOPc gn haV yYL nh A y\ B v haV FJ c} hV NOPng N\ m
A

1g y\ m
B
. Thanh FOPc FL Lrong Nxng mWng Lrxn c} ZWn tnh # Hnh .s ZVrL AB #
2 . HU cpn Zkng hV Lhanh AB Lgo y~V RhOhng ngang mL g}c 1C
o
s Z Ja ma IWLs
NKd g 1imI
2
.
a Wc FXnh hV NOPng m
B
Z Tm WR NQc m\ cWc yYL A y\ B LWc Sqng Nen mWng hV Lhanh

cpn Zkng.
C}u M: Cho haV mVrng g hV NOPng m
1
y\ m
2
FL chng Nen
nhaJ LrOPL Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng g}c . HU I ma IWL gVa
chjng N\ s gVa m
1
y\ mL Rh|ng nghVeng N\
1
. HV Lrong
JW Lrnh LrOPLs mVrng g n\d c} Lh LrOPL nhanh hhn mVrng
g Va hHng Tm FVGJ VUn F haV yYL LrOPL nhO mL yYL
LrOPL.
C}u P: Trong mL VNanh cWch nhVUL hW S\V nkm
ngang c} nhL 1 moN ht Nt LOvng Fhn ngJden L c}
hV NOPng m nhc haV RVLLHng cWch nhVUL c} hV
NOPng Zkng nhaJ y\ Zkng M c} Lh chJdn Fng
hHng ma IWL Lrong VNanh Hnh ]. ,jc FJ haV RVLLHng Fwng dens nhVUL F cEa ht
Lrong VNanh N\ T
o
. TrJdGn cho haV RVLLHng cWc yYn Lc y
1
s y
2
cng chVGJ y
1
.y
o
s y
2
y
o
.
Tm nhVUL F cQc FgV m\ ht Lrong VNanh FgL FOPcs ZVrL Zen ngo\V N\ chpn hHng.
C}u x: Trnh Z\d RhOhng Wn Lht nghVUm Wc FXnh hU I ma IWL gVa mL mJ g y~V
mL Rh|ng nghVengs ZVrL rkng F nghVeng cEa mL Rh|ng N\ hHng FV y\ hHng FE N~n
11i
Hnh 1
M M
m
V
1
V
2
Hnh ]
A
B
#
Hnh .
A B
C
Hnh 2
y
o
F cho mJ g LQ LrOPL Jng. (qng cq cho: ,Qc rs mJ gs mL Rh|ng nghVengs IPV
chf FE S\V.
P N
C}u 1
TrO~c hV rcV hV J[ cJ Lh chJdn Fng cEa yYL N\ chJdn Fng Lrxn hHng FGJs
LrO~c hrL La Lm g}c y\ yYn Lc y cEa yYL v LhcV FVm
n} rcV J[ cJ.
PhOhng Lrnh Fng NQc h_c cho RhOhng Jden Lpm:
mgcoI N ma
n
my
2
#
v LhcV FVm yYL rcV J[ cJ Lh N i nen:
y
2
g#coI 1
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng La c}: my
2
2 mg#1coI 2
T 1 y\ 2 La c}: coI 2.s
.
2g+
v .
Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng La c}s yYn Lc cEa yYL hV chgm Z\n N\ y
1
Lho[ mn:
g+ v g+
v
2 2
2
1
2
1
.
SaJ hV rcV J[ cJs yYL Lham gVa chJdn Fng nm Ven Jng nen Lh\nh Rhn yYn
Lc Lhoo RhOhng ngang N\ hHng FV. (o F}: ycoIy
1
coI
>
A]
b
D
coI .
C}u H
V hU c} Ltnh FV wng nen A chf chJdn Fng Lren FOcng Lh|ng c FXnhs B y\ C c}
J Fgo FV wng nhaJ Ja J Fgo cEa A. &_V y y\ y
o
N\ yYn Lc cEa A y\ B C IaJ
ya chgm B y\ C c} cng F N~n yYn Lc N\ y
o
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng La c}: mymy2my

o
coI 1
V~V N\ g}c gVa RhOhng chJdn Fng cEa A y~V RhOhng chJdn Fng cEa B C
(o hU c} Ltnh FV wng nen La c}:
2
2
]
2
2
coI
2 2 2
V
+
V+ +

Thad 2 y\o 1 La c}: y yy
o
2
] V

.
(o ya chgm N\ ho\n Lo\n F\n hV nen La c}:
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
>
v v v
+ ]
T . y\ ] La c}: y y hoc v
V
V
v
2
2
D
2
NrJ yy Lh y
o
i NogV.
111
mg
y
N
y
1
$ A ZYL ngOPc NgV Lh yi 2 < V So F A ya chgm Fng LhcV y\o Bs C Lh N2
nen DN
2
i.
$ A Fwng den Lh yi 2 V .
$ A LVrR Lqc LVrn Nen Lh yi 2 2 < < V .
C}u I
a &_V & N\ hV Lpm cEa hU haV yYLs Lhoo FVGJ VUn cpn Zkng Lh cWc NQc N
A
s N
B
s P Rh[V
Fng Jd LgV O nen & nkm Lren FOcng Lh|ng Fwng OH
Tam gVWc AOB yJHng cpn nen g}c OAB g}c OBA]C
o
s g}c AOHbi
]C1C.i
o
.
AH#2s A&AHcoI1C
o
isC2#
B&1s]1isC2#is`b#.
V & N\ hV Lpm nen A&.m
A
B&.m
B
m
B
isC`g.
Z L FVGJ VUn cpn Zkng FV y~V Lrqc Jad FV Ja A:
6 V 6 P
B
B B

V g V + V 6H g
B 6 B B B 6
b s A 2 . + +
L FVGJ VUn cpn Zkng FV y~V Lrqc Jad Ja B La c}:
B V B P
6
B B

+ V Bc g
6 B 6
+ .
s y~V BK&B.coI1C
o
is`D#
N
A
1.sDN.
C}u M
&_V a
1
s a
2
N\ gVa Lc cEa cWc yYL 1 y\ 2
&V[ I yYL 1 LrOPL nhanh hhn yYL 2s cWc NQc
LWc Sqng Nen cWc yYL c} chVGJ nhO hnh y.
PhOhng Lrnh chJdn Fng cEa haV yYL N\:
VYL 1:
1 1 1 1 1
& 7 7 V V P
s s
+ + + +
VYL 2:
2 2 2 2
& 7 V P
s
+ +
ChVrJ haV RhOhng Lrnh Lren Jng mL Rh|ng nghVeng La c}:
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
IVn IVn
7 7
g & & 7 7 P
s s
s s
+

2
2 2 2 2
IVn IVn
7
g & & 7 P
s
s
+ +
Ta LhKd a
2
a
1
s yYd mVrng g SO~V hHng Lh LrOPL nhanh hhn mVrng g Lren.
&V[ I yYL 2 LrOPL nhanh hhn yYL 1s cWc NQc
mI
y\
mI
c} chVGJ ngOPc NgV. TOhng LQ
Lren La c}:
2
2
1
1
1
IVn s
IVn
7
g &
7 7
g &
s s s

112
m
A
m
B
#
N
B
N
A
K
&
H
P
m
2
P
2
N
2
mI
P
1
N
1
N
mI
mI1
$ a
2
a
1
Lh
1
. Chj {:
mI1
1
m
1
m
2
gcoIs
mI
m
2
gcoI
T}m NgV: NrJ
1
Lh yYL 2 LrOPL nhanh hhn yYL 1. NrJ
1
Lh haV yYL cng LrOPL nhO
mL yYL.
C}u P
$V y~V RVLLHng 1: NQc LWc Sqng y\o RVLLHng Lhoo RhOhng ngang N\ NQc Fd
1
ngOPc
chVGJ y
1
nen RVLLHng 1 chJdn Fng chYm Sn FGJ.
$V y~V RVLLHng 2: LOhng LQs NQc Fd
2
cng chVGJ y
2
nen RVLLHng 2 chJdn Fng
nhanh Sn FGJ.
Trong JW Lrnh haV RVLLHng chJdn Fngs hV
ht nhL Lrong V Nanh chJdn Fng Lhoo.
Ch_n hU Jd chVrJ gn y~V RVLLHng 2s yYn Lc
cEa RVLLHng 1 FV y~V RVLLHng 2 N\:
2 1 12
v v v RVLLHng 1 chJdn Fng yG Rhta
RVLLHng 2 chYm Sn rV Sng NgV Njc L
o
s IaJ F} LL
o
Lh RVLLHng 1 chJdn Fng a Sn
y~V RVLLHng 2 y\ ht NgV gVn nv.
&_V & N\ hV Lpm cEa hV ht Lrong V Nanh Njc LL
o
: ht ZX nns & chJdn Fng yG
Rhta RVLLHng 2.
,jc LL
o
: ht ZX gVns & chJdn Fng ra a Sn RVLLHng 2. VYd v nhVUL F L
o
Lh y
&
i
c[ haV RVLLHng cng hV ht chJdn Fng cng yYn Lc y.
$Xnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng La c}:
M.y
o
My
o
2Mmy y]My
o
2Mm.
$ng nMng cEa hU Njc FJ:
F1
2 2
2
2
1
C
2
1
>
Bv v v B +
.
$ng nMng cEa hU Njc v L
o
N\:
F2
2
2
2
1
v B +
.
$ ZVrn LhVen Fng nMng:
F2
F1
B
B Bv
>
+
+
2
C 2
2
.
NV nMng cEa ht:

2
.
2
.
2
.
2
ma >
T T n+ T n+ < n+T n+T
i
<
.
V 0 nen
B
B Bv
+
T T
>
>
+
+
+
2
C 2
.
2
2
ma
So n1
C}u x
M}c NQc r y\o mJ g y\ o n} LrOPL FGJ FV Nen mL Rh|ng nghVengs hV F} La c}:
1
PcoI PIVn 1s
1
N\ I chf cEa NQc r hV F}.
TOhng LQs o yYL chJdn Fng FGJ FV Jng La c}:
2
PcoI PIVn 2.
Tr yr y~V yr cEa 1 cho 2 La c}:
1
2
2PIVn
P
7 7
2
IVn
2 1

..
11.
M M
m
V
1
2
1
H
V
2
1
Cng yr y~V yr RhOhng Lrnh 1 y\ 2 La c}:
P
7 7
2
coI
2 1
+

].
(o IVn
2
coI
2
1 nen La c}:
2
2 1
2
2 1
2
2 1
2
2 1
]
2

2
1
7 7 P
7 7
.
.P
7 7
P
7 7

+

+
+
CWc NQc FGJ FOPc Fo Zkng NQc rs nen ho\n Lo\n Fo FOPc.
11]
; P: T%3NG THPT CHUYN TNH C&' 2NG
C}u 1:
Thang SQa y\o LOcng hPR y~V I\n g}c
. BVrL hU I ma IWL gVa Lhang y~V

LOcng N\:
1
is.s y~V I\n N\
2
is]. KhV Lpm v gVa Lhang. Tm gVW LrX nh nhKL cEa
m\ Lhang hHng LrOPL.

C}u H:
HaV J[ cJ gVng nhaJs Lroo canh nhaJ Zkng haV Spd Iong Iong Zkng nhaJ. Ko
haV J[ cJ hV RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng yG haV Rhta y~V cng g}c
rV Lh[ ra cng Njc.

CoV ya chgm gVa haV J[ cJ N\ ho\n Lo\n F\n hV. Ttnh NQc LWc Sqng NUn gVW Lroo.
a. TgV Njc ZL FJ Lh[ cWc J[ cJ.
Z. TgV cWc LhcV FVm FJs cJV cEa JW Lrnh ya chgm gVa cWc J[ cJ.
c. TgV cWc LhcV FVm cWc J[ cJ ZX ZVrn Sgng nhVGJ nhKL.
C}u I:
ML yYL hV NOPng m FOPc nm Ven L mL mL Rh|ng ngang. N} FgL F cao
cQc FgV N\ H y\ Lpm a N\ S. Ttnh cHng cEa NQc nm.
C}u M:
ML yVen Fgn c} hV NOPng 1iig Fang Zad ngang y~V yYn Lc Ciis] mI Lh
Jden Ja mL J[ cJ c} hV NOPng 2g FL den Lren gVW F v F cao Cs1m Io y~V
mL FKL. J[ cJ chJdn Fng y\ rhV Jng FKL LgV FVm cWch gVW F mL ho[ng 2im
Ltnh Lhoo RhOhng nkm ngang.
Hd Wc FXnh FVm chgm FKL cEa Fgn y\ Lf NU ch nMng F chJdn hoW Lh\nh nhVUL
nMng Lrong JW Lrnh Fgn Jden Ja J[ cJ. Cho g 1imI
2
.
C}u P:
ML Znh chwa ht i
2
nn h WR IJKL P& P
A
1
1i C s 1 y\ nhVUL F ; t
i
1
.A c}
hV NOPng Znh y\ ht
.g B Ci
1

. (ng ht mL LhcV gVans WR r chf
P& P
D
2
1i C v nhVUL F ; t
i
2
A . KhV NOPng cEa Znh y\ ht:
.g B ]b
2

.
HV cxn Zao nhVeJ g ht Lrong Znh Ttnh Lh Ltch cEa Znh
Cho O 1Ds # `s.1moN.K
11C
P N
C}u 1
V hnhs Fd FE cWc NQc LWc Sqng y\o Lhang
NeJ FVGJ VUn cpn Zkng cEa Lhang N\ Lng cWc NQc Zkng hHng
i
2 1

+ + + +
s s B 6
7 7 V V P
Ch_n hU Lrqc Log F i id y\ Wc FXnh cWc NQc Lhoo hU Lrqc
mI1
N
A
mI2
P N
B

mI1
K
1
N
A

mI2
K
2
N
B
N
B

2 1
1 c c
P
+
L Lrqc Jad FV Ja FJ A cEa Lhang: M
R

mI2

P
V
B
Wc FXnh F N~n mHmon cEa cWc NQc rL J[: Lg

2
2 1
2
1
c
c c

Lg
1 s 1
gVW LrX nh nhKL cEa
i
] s ]A
C}u H
y hnhs neJ Fd FE cWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen yYLs Nen gVW Lroo

1 2 1
T 7 T T 7 +

coI
2
T +
coI
y~V T
1
T
2
_. TgV LhcV FVm ZL FJ Lh[ 2 J[ cJ cWc NQc LWc Sqng y\o J[ cJ y\ gVW Lroo FOPc
Wc FXnh Lhoo RhOhng cEa Spd Lroo
R
2
coI
R
1
coI
RcoI
y~V P mg
KrL J[ : 2mgcoI
2

?. TgV LhcV FVm LrO~c Njc ya Lrgm Wc FXnh Njc yYL Ja yX Lrt cpn Zkng
y
1
y
2
y
coI 1 2 g#
,Qc cMng LWc Sqng y\o Spd Lroo : T mg. " 2CoI
VYds NQc LWc Sqng Nen gVW Lroo : T

1
T
2
2mg. " 2CoI
L. TgV LhcV FVm cWc J[ cJ ZX ZVrn Sgng nhVGJ nhKL

T
1
T
2
mg yYd NQc F\n hV LWc Sqng Nen gVW Lroo N\ : T
1
T
2
2mg
C}u I
VYL nm Ven yYL Lham gVa Fng LhcV y\o 2 chJdn Fng
ChJdn Fng FGJ Lhoo RhOhng i y~V y
o
L
ChJdn Fng ZVrn FV FGJ Lhoo RhOhng id y~V d
y
v gt
i
2
2
1
+
L
TgV yX Lrt H yYL c} F cao cQc FgV y
d
i
R Sqng 2 ZVJ Lhwc : y
od
gL i

gh v
>y
2
2
L
g
h 2
N\ LhcV gVan L Njc nm L~V F cao cQc FgV
11D
t t 2
s
N\ LhcV gVan L Njc nm L~V Njc yYL chgm FKL
g
h
t
2
2
s

Thoo RhOhng i :
h
g F
v
t
F
v t v s
5 5 5
2 2
i
s
i
s
i

VYn Lc nm cEa yYL g
h
h s
v v v v
y 5 >
`
1D
2 2
2
i
2
i
2
i
2
+
+
CHng cEa NQc nm: g
h
h s v
6
1D
1D
2
2 2 2
i
+

C}u M
R Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n Fng NOPng :
BV v v +
i
SaJ LOhng LWc J[ cJ y\ Fgn N\ chJdn Fng nm ngang. ThcV gVan rhV N\ :
s
g
h
t i1 s 1
2

Thoo RhOhng ngang yYL chJdn Fng FGJ :
s
t
s
v ` s 1b
VYn Lc cEa Fgn IaJ LOhng LWc : s
BV v
v . s 1i]
i
Tm a cEa Fgn :
vt F 1iC i1 s 1 . . s 1i]
$ng nMng cEa Fgn LrO~c LOhng LWc
2
i i
2
1
v c
Fng nMng cEa Fgn IaJ LOhng LWc :
2
1
2
1
v c
.
$ng nMng cEa J[ cJ IaJ ya chgm :
2
2
2
1
BV c
Phn Fng nMng cEa Fgn chJdn h}a Lh\nh nhVUL nMng :
= c c c c 1A s 11CÀ
2 1 i
+
Tf NU Rhn LrMm Fng nMng cEa Fgn chJdn hoW Lh\nh nhVUL nMng :
b.
i

c
c
H
C}u P
&_V m N\ hV NOPng Znh rng Lh hV NOPng hHng ht Lrong Znh LrO~c y\ IaJ N\ :
B B
2 2 1 1
R Sqng RhOhng Lrnh Lrgng LhWV :

T
PV
. Ta c} :
V
+
T
P
T
P

2 2
2
1 1
1
BVrn FV LoWn h_c L cWc ZVJ Lhwc Lren. KrL J[ N\ :
1 2 2 1
2 1 1 2
2

T P T P
B B T P
Lhad I
.g C`C s i
2

KhV NOPng hHng ht LrO~c hV Sng :
.g B B C`C s 1 1 C`C s i
2 1 2 1
+ +
11A
Th Ltch cEa Znh :

2
2 2
1
1 1
P
+T
P
+T
V
Thad I :
.
A
ii`C s i
i.2 s i 1i C s 1
C`C s 1 .1i .1 s `
V

11`
Phn M: 'LYMPI&* T%+I H H5NG "34NG $ PH TH H
MN ",T L-
dThLi gian $# !i 1`0 Jhbt
dB1 g\# 02 t6ang
C}u 1:
C} 1 g ht HoNV coV N\ ht N{ LOvng Fhn ngJden L LhQc hVUn mL chJ Lrnh 1 "
2 " . " ] " 1 FOPc ZVJ SVn Lren gV[n F PT nhO hnh
1. Cho P
i
1i
C
Pa T
i
.iiK.
1 Tm Lh Ltch cEa ht v Lrgng LhWV M.
2 Hd n}V r chJ Lrnh n\d gm cWc F|ng JW
Lrnh n\o. V NgV chJ Lrnh n\d Lren gV[n F PV
y\ Lren gV[n F VT cn ghV r gVW LrX Zkng I
y\ chVGJ ZVrn FV cEa chJ Lrnh.
. Ttnh cHng m\ ht LhQc hVUn Lrong Lng gVaV
Fogn cEa chJ Lrnh.
C}u H:
HaV yYL c} cng hV NOPng m nV nhaJ ZvV mL Nx o FL Lren mL Z\n nkm
ngang. HU I ma IWL gVa cWc yYL y~V mL Z\n N\ . Ban FJ Nx o hHng ZVrn Sgng. VYL
1 nkm IWL LOcng.
1 TWc Sqng mL NQc hHng FV hO~ng Lhoo RhOhng ngang FL y\o yYL 2 y\ hO~ng
S_c Lhoo Lrqc Nx o ra a LOcng hnh 2a. S
Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n nMnLg NOPngs Lm FVGJ
VUn yG F N~n cEa NQc F yYL 1 SV chJdn
FOPc
2 KhHng LWc Sqng NQc nhO Lren m\ LrJdGn
cho yYL 2 yYn Lc y
i
hO~ng yG Rhta LOcng hnh 2Z.
$ cwng cEa Nx o N\ .
a Tm F nn cQc FgV
1
cEa Nx o.
Z SaJ hV FgL F nn cQc FgVs yYL 2 chJdn Fng
ngOPc NgV N\m Nx o ZX gVn ra. BVrL rkng yYL 1
hHng chJdn Fng. Ttnh F gVn cQc FgV
2
cEa
Nx o.
c HV Rh[V LrJdGn cho yYL 2 yYn Lc y
i
LV LhVJ N\ Zao nhVeJ F yYL 1 ZX Nx o o
ra hV LOcng
C}u I:
ML Lhanh Fng chKL c} hV NOPng m c} Lh Jad LQ So Jng Janh mL Lrqc
nkm ngang FV Ja mL FJ cEa Lhanh. Npng Lhanh F n} c} RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng rV Lh[
11b
1 2
y
i
HInh :1
1 2
HInh :&
P
T
i
T
i
2P
i
1 H
I
M
2T
i
P
i
HInh 8
nh Lh Lhanh F Jng y\ Jad Janh Lrqc. Cho momon JWn Ltnh cEa Lhanh Fng chKL
c} hV NOPng ms chVGJ S\V , FV y~V mL Lrqc FV Ja mL FJ cEa Lhanh y\ yJHng g}c
y~V Lhanh N\ I m,
2
.. TgV LhcV FVm hV Lhanh c} RhOhng ngangs hd Lm:
1 Tc F g}c y\ gVa Lc g}c cEa Lhanh.
2 CWc Lh\nh Rhn NQc Lhoo RhOhng ngang y\ Lhoo RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng m\ Lrqc
Jad LWc Sqng Nen Lhanh.
C}u M:
ML dNanh FL Lh|ng Fwngs ZXL tn haV FJs FOPc chVa N\m haV Rhn ZvV mL
RVLLHng nng cWch nhVUL. C[ haV Zen RVLLHng FGJ chwa cng mL NOPng ht N{ LOvng.
Ban FJ hV nhVUL F ht cEa haV Rhn nhO nhaJ Lh Lh Ltch Rhn ht v Lren RVLLHng gKR
n 2 Nn Lh Ltch ht v Rhn SO~V RVLLHng. HV nrJ nhVUL F cEa ht v Rhn Lren RVLLHng
FOPc gV hHng FV Lh cn Rh[V LMng nhVUL F ht v Rhn SO~V RVLLHng Nen Zao nhVeJ
Nn F Lh Ltch ht v Rhn SO~V RVLLHng I gKR n 2 Nn Lh Ltch ht v Rhn Lren
RVLLHng B Ja ma IWL gVa RVLLHng y\ dNanh.
H#T
12i
P N
C}u 1:
a JW Lrnh 1 " ] c} P L NU LhJYn y~V T nen N\ JW Lrnh F|ng Ltchs yYd Lh Ltch v
Lrgng LhWV 1 y\ ] N\ Zkng nhaJ: V
1
V
]
. S Sqng RhOhng Lrnh CM v Lrgng LhWV
1 La c}:
! ! !
m
PV RT
s IJd ra:
!
!
!
RT m
V
P
Thad I: m 1g ]gmoN # `s.1 moN.K T

1
.iiK y\ P
1
2.1i
C
Pa La
FOPc:
$ $
! "
!4,$!.$00
$,!2.!0
5 2.!0
V m

Z T hnh y La Wc FXnh FOPc chJ Lrnh n\d gm cWc F|ng JW Lrnh IaJ:
1 " 2 N\ F|ng WR 2 " . N\ F|ng nhVUL
. " ] N\ F|ng WR ] " 1 N\ F|ng Ltch.
V Lhr c} Lh y NgV chJ Lrnh n\d Lren gV[n F PV hnh a y\ Lren gV[n F VT
hnh Z nhO IaJ:
c $ Ltnh cHngs LrO~c hrL I Sqng RhOhng Lrnh Lrgng LhWV La Ltnh FOPc cWc Lh
Ltch: V
2
2V
1
Ds2].1i
" .
m
.
V
.
2V
2
12s]`.1i
" .
m
.
.
CHng m\ ht LhQc hVUn Lrong Lng gVaV Fogn:
" $ $ 2
!2 ! 2 !
( ) 2.!0 (6,25.!0 $,!2.!0 ) 6,25.!0 A p V V J

" $ 2
$
2$ 2 2
2
-n 2.!0.6,25.!0 -n2 4,6".!0
V
A p V J
V

" $ $ 2
$5 $ 5 $
( ) !0 ($,!2.!0 !2,54.!0 ) 7,$6.!0 A p V V J

121
P1i
C
Pa
HInh &
V#
i
.s12
2
1 H
I
M
12s]`
1
Ds2]
V#
HInh 1
Tc
i
.s12
1
H
I
M
12s]`
Ds2]
.ii Dii 1Ci
5!
0 A
y Fpd N\ JW Lrnh F|ng WR.
C}u H:
1. $ yYL 1 SXch chJdn Lh Nx o cn gVn ra mL Fogn N\:
mg
x
k
.
,Qc nh nhKL cn Lm wng y~V LrOcng hPR hV Nx o gVn ra mL Fogn N\ Lh
yYn Lc yYL 2 gV[m yG i. CHng cEa NQc Lrong JW Lrnh n\d c} Lh yVrL Zkng Lng cHng
mKL FV So ma IWL y\ Lhr nMng cEa Nx o:
2
. .
2
kx
F x mgx +
VYd:
$
2
F mg .
2. TrJdGn cho yYL 2 yYn Lc y
i
yG Rhta LOcng.
as B[o Lo\n ch nMng:

1
2
1
2
i
mg
2
2
my
+
i y
mg 2
2
i 1
2
1

+
NghVUm SOhng cEa RhOhng Lrnh n\d N\:
2
2
0
!
mv mg mg
x
k k k
_
+ +

,
Zs &_V
2
N\ F gVn cQc FgV cEa Nx o:

2
mg
2
2
2
2 1
2
1
+ +
2
2
0
2 !
2 $ mv mg mg mg
x x
k k k k
_
+

,
cs $ yYL 1 ZX o hV LOcng Lh Nx o Rh[V gVn ra 1 Fogn
.
Iao cho:

mg
.

1
VYn Lc y
i
nh nhKL N\ wng y~V LrOcng hPR hV Nx o ZX gVn
.
nhO Lren Lh yYL 2 Sng
NgV. PhOhng Lrnh Z[o Lo\n nMng NOPng:
Cho JW Lrnh Nx o ZX nn
1
:

1
2
1
2
i
mg
2
2
my
+ 2
Cho JW Lrnh Nx o chJdn L nn
1
Iang gVn
.
:

2
mg
2
2
.
. 1
2
1
+ + .
T .
mg 2

. 1

122
KrL hPR y~V 1s La FOPc:
mg .
1

. Thad y\o 2s La FOPc:
0
!"m
v g
k
.
C}u I:
1 Thoo FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n ch nMng:
2
2
1
2
X
]
g
. Thad
2
.
1
] X
La LhJ FOPc Lc F g}c cEa Lhanh:
]
g .
.
CWc NQc LWc Sqng Nen Lhanh gm Lr_ng NQc P y\ NQc N m\ NQc m\ Lrqc Jad LWc Sqng
Nen Lhanh. MHmon cEa NQc N FV y~V Lrqc Jad Zkng i
nen FXnh NJYL II NVJLhn cho chJdn Fng Jad cEa
Lhanh Janh Lrqc O c} Sgng:
X B
P

. Thad
2
.
1
] X
y\
2
]
g B
P

La FOPc gVa
Lc g}c cEa Lhanh:
]
g
2
.

.
2 Thoo FXnh II NVJLhn cho chJdn Fng LXnh LVrn:
& V P

+ 1
ChVrJ RhOhng Lrnh 1 Nen RhOhng ngang:
2
2
]
& & V
n 5 5

Thad gVW LrX Lc F g}c Lm FOPc v Rhn 1 y\o La Lm FOPc Lh\nh Rhn nkm
ngang cEa NQc m\ Lrqc Jad LWc Sqng Nen Lhanh:
$ 8 2
x
N mg
.
ChVrJ RhOhng Lrnh 1 Nen RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng:
2
]
& & V P
t y y

Thad gVW LrX gVa Lc g}c Lm FOPc v Rhn 1 y\o La Lm FOPc Lh\nh Rhn Lh|ng
Fwng cEa NQc m\ Lrqc Jad LWc Sqng Nen Lhanh:
8 5
y
N mg
.
C}u M:
,OPng ht v 2 Rhn dNanh N\ nhO
nhaJ nen:
2
2
1
1
1
2 2
1
1 1
T
V P
T
V P
T
V P
T
V P
# .
m

V
! 2
V nV
nen
2 !
P nP

Thoo gV[ LhVrL:
% %
! 2
8 V V n s IJd ra:
12.
P
N
N
m
N
s
'
V
1
s P
1
V
2
s P
2
V
1
s P
1
V
2
s P
2
%
2 2
%
! !
T P
n
T P
1
$ Ltnh
1
2
P
P
La SQa y\o cWc nhYn L IaJ:
1. HVUJ WR NQc haV Rhn ht Nen RVLLHng Zkng Lr_ng NOPng Mg cEa RVLLHng:
S P P Mg S P P
1 2
2

% %
2 ! 2 ! !
( !) P P P P n P
% %
2 ! !
( !) P P n P + 2
2. T RhOhng Lrnh Lrgng LhWV cEa ht Nt LOvng v Rhn Lren cEa RVLLHng:
P
1
V
1
P
1
V
1
1 1
V
V
. P P
Thad y\o 2s La IJd ra:

% %
2 !
%
! !
! ( !)
P V
n
P V
+
.
.. $ Lm
1
1
V
V
La chj { N\ Lng Lh Ltch 2 Rhn ht N\ hHng FV:
V
1
V
2
V
1
V
2

% %
!
! ! !
V
V V nV
n
+ +
%
!
!
! V
V n
Thad y\o . La FOPc:

%
2
%
!
! 2 !
! ( !)
P n
n
P n n
+
Thad y\o 1 La c} rL J[:
%
2 2
%
! !
2 ! $
T P
n n
T P

.
H!T
12]

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KINH TON HC www.VIETMATHS.

... c} Lh Lm FOPc hPR NQc hoc hHng

Iong Iongs cng chVGJ y\ cng F

H.].2Z. (ng Jd Lc hnh

. HPR NQc n\d N\ Lng cWc NQc cEa hU NQc

Nen cWc Lrqc Log F. Tng cEa cWc NQc N\ mL

Nen cWc Lrqc F}:

N\ Lh\nh Rhn LVrR LJdrn cEa NQc

s Lwc N\ c} RhOhng cEa Lrqc Jad . V

KINH TON HC www.VIETMATHS.com

KINH TON HC www.VIETMATHS.com

s hV F} Lrq ZX Ls FVGJ VUn

Io y~V hV Lpm cEa cJn chf. VYd hV m

KINH TON HC www.VIETMATHS.com

ch nMng cEa hU FOPc Z[o Lo\n.

Io y~V gV[ LhVrL

BVrn LhVen nMng NOPng:

Lhad y\o 2 La FOPc:

gV[m Sn cho L~V hV

. Ch m\ J[ Z}ng LVrR jc y~V I\n

cEa J[ Z}ng IaJ ya chgm Lhoo y

i IVeJ Z}ng Jad ngOPc NgV y~V chVGJ Jad

N\ yYn Lc g}c cEa

Ta c} Lh WR Sqng FXnh NJYL Z[o Lo\n mHmon Fng NOPng cho hU :

$ A ZYL ngOPc Lrv NgV Lh y i had

s gV[ LhVrL Spd FE

s ng Spd cxn Fwng den.

2 Lh ng Spd cxn Fwng den.

2 : Lrq LrOPL Lren mL Rh|ng nghVeng y\ NMn hHng

&Va Lc hV Lpm C cEa hU Lren c} RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng a

Z &}c NUch cQc FgV

cEa Lhanh hV RhOhng Lh|ng Fwng

Z nhKL cn Rh[V LrJdGn cho Lhanh F Lhanh c} FgL

cng Lhoo chVGJ SOhng.

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