Chng 11 THIT B PHN CHIA PHA LNG V PHA RN

Cc my dng phn chia cc h khng ng nht trong trng ly tm c gi l my ly tm v my phn ly. Khc vi my ly tm, my phn ly c yu t phn ly cao, b mt kt ta pht trin, mc phn chia cc h phn tn cao nn nng sut rt ln n 300 m3/h. Trong cng nghip vi sinh thng s dng cc my ly tm v phn ly khc nhau phn chia cc h d th. 11.1. CC THIT B LY TM HUYN PH Cc my ly tm c ng dng rng ri tch cc tiu phn n nh trong dung dch cc cht hot ho sinh hc, cc dung dch ru khi ch phm hot ho lm lng etanol, axetol v cc dung mi hu c khc, tch sinh khi khi dung dch canh trng, tch phc hot ho sinh hc (khi kt ta bng mui) t cc dung dch, cng nh phn chia cc hn hp cht lng hay cc huyn ph. Cc h phn tn th thng c phn chia di tc ng ca trng lc. Tuy nhin khi t trng ca cc cu t c chnh lch nh v nht ca cht lng khng ng nht cao th s lng xy ra rt chm. Do ng sut ca trng lc ly tm qun tnh ln hn nhiu ln ng sut ca trng trng lc, cho nn vic phn chia di tc ng ca trng ly tm xy ra rt nhanh v hon ton. Trong cc thit b cng nghip vic phn chia bng phng php ly tm c ng dng tch cc tiu phn c kch thc t 25 mm n 0,5 m. Phng php ly tm da trn c s tc ng ca trng ly tm ti h khng ng nht gm hai hoc nhiu pha. Ly tm cc h cht lng khng ng nht c thc hin bng hai phng php: lc ly tm qua tng t l ca rto, vch lc c t phn trong ca rto (my ly tm lc) v qua rto lng c on ng lin (my ly tm lng). ng thi cc my ly tm tng hp kt hp c hai nguyn tc phn chia lc - lng cng c s dng. Khi tch huyn ph trong cc my ly tm lc trong rto, di tc ng ca lc ly tm cht lng c lc qua vi lc hay li kim loi, ng thi cc tiu phn pha rn b lng xung; cht lng qua sng v sau qua l trong rto, xi mnh vo tng ca my ly tm, cn cn c tho ra trong thi gian rto quay hoc l sau khi my ngng. Khi phn chia cc huyn ph trong cc my ly tm lng, cc tiu phn rn c t trng ln hn t trng cu t cht lng c lng xung (di tc ng ca lc ly tm 223

trong on ng rto) to thnh lp vng khuyn. Cu t lng cng to thnh lp vng khuyn nhng nm gn trc quay hn, cht lng trong c dn ra ngoi qua mp trn hay nh ng ht; cn c tho ra theo hnh trnh x hay sau khi thit b ngng. Vic phn chia nh tng xy ra tng t: tng rto to ra lp cht lng nng, cn gn trc quay - lp cht lng nh. 11.1.1. Phn loi cc my ly tm Cc my ly tm cng nghip c chia ra: Theo nguyn tc phn chia - kt ta, phn chia (phn ly), lc v tng hp. Theo c tnh tin hnh qu trnh ly tm - chu k v lin tc. Theo du hiu v kt cu - nm ngang (c trc nm ngang), nghing (c trc nghing) v ng. Theo phng php thi cn ra khi rto. Khi sn xut cc cht hot ho sinh hc thng s dng cc my ly tm tc ng chu k, thi cn bng c kh ho hay th cng, cn khi sn xut ln - cc my ly tm t ng ho tc ng lin tc. Khi la chn cc my ly tm cn phi da vo cc c tnh cng ngh ca chng v cc tnh cht l hc ca vt liu em gia cng ( phn tn ca pha rn, nht ca pha lng v nng ca n). Nng huyn ph bng t s gia lng pha rn v tng lng huyn ph. Nng huyn ph c th th hin bng phn trm theo khi lng hay phn trm theo th tch. Hiu nng gia pha rn v pha lng cng ln th nng sut ca my ly tm lng cng cao. Lc ly tm Pl (N) l ng lc ca qu trnh ly tm: mv 2 G 2 R GR 2 Pl = = = 2 900 g trong : m - khi lng ca my v cht lng, kg; v - tc bin, m/s; R - bn knh bn trong ca thng quay, m; G - trng lng ca vt th quay, N; - tc gc ca thng quay, /s ( = ); 30 g - gia tc ri t do, m/s2. Yu t phn chia l mt trong nhng chun c bn la chn my ly tm hay my phn ly. Yu t phn chia xc nh gia tc ca trng ly tm c pht trin trong 224

my, c bao nhiu ln ln hn gia tc trng lc. Yu t phn chia c xc nh theo cng thc: f
p

2R 2R = . g 900

Yu t phn chia cng cao th kh nng phn chia ca my cng ln. Yu t phn chia s tng ng k khi tng s vng quay ca rto. K hiu nng sut ca my l ch s c bn ca my hot ng:
= Fl f p

trong o : Fl - din tch b mt lng ca xilanh, m2. 11.1.2. My ly tm dng lng v dng lc Cc my ly tm thuc dng ny c bt kn, c thit b in an ton v thi cn pha trn bng phng php th cng. Dn ng my ly tm c thc hin t ng c qua truyn ng bng dy ai hnh thang. Trong cc my loi ny c kho lin ng cho ng c v np v khi gim p sut kh tr trong cc khoang v di 1470 Pa. Cc chi tit ca my tip xc vi sn phm c ch to bng thp 12X18H10T. Trong cng nghip vi sinh my ly tm ng c kch thc nh c s dng rng ri do kn v tnh an ton cao. Loi ny rt thun li cho nhiu qu trnh tch v lm sch mt lng va phi cc cht hot ho sinh hc. c tnh k thut ca chng c nu bng 11.1. 11.1.3. My ly tm ng (my ly tm siu tc) lm trong cc huyn ph c cha mt lng khng ng k cc tp cht rn c phn tn cao, tch cc tp cht rn c phn tn cao v cc nh tng thng s dng my ly tm siu tc. Khi lm trong huyn ph c cha pha rn c phn tn cao hn 1% th cc my ly tm siu tc c hot ng theo chu k v tho cn bng phng php th cng. Khi tch nh tng th cc my ly tm siu tc hot ng lin tc. B phn kt cu quan trng ca my ly tm siu tc thuc loi OTP v PTR l loi rto ng. My siu m cao tc (hnh 11.1) c lp t trn b bng gang 8, ng thi cng l v bo v my v n gm rto 9, nh dn ng 2 c ni vi trc, b hm v cc khp ni thu nhn v tho cht lng 4 v 7. u trn ca rto c ni vi nh dn ng qua trc, cn u di th t t do vo ng dn hng, cho php trung tm quay ca rto lun hng trng tm v y rto chuyn di vo v tr trng tm. Bng 11.1. c tnh k thut ca cc my ly tm lng v lc
Cc ch s - 303K - 04 - 403K - 04

225

 - 403K - 04 Rto, mm ng knh trong chiu cao hot ng Yu t phn chia khi s vng quay, vng/pht 1500 2440 3460 4250 Dung tch, m3 Ti trng ln nht, kg Thi gian, s tng tc hm Cng sut ng c, kW S vng quay ca trc, vng/pht Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg 90 9030 3 2850 1160700765 400 90 9030 3 2850 1160700765 420 375 1000 2000 3000 0,05 10 500 1300 2680 0,1 20 300 150 400 200

Kh nng chuyn di t do c gim n ti thiu nhm gim s nguy him khi xut hin ng lc ln trong cc bi v loi tr rung ng gy ra s ph hu cn bng. Bn trong rto lp cnh qut 5 truyn tc gc ca rto cho cht lng. Pht chn 3 di c l trung tm thu nhn cht lng. Ly tm siu tc dng ng lm vic vi s vng quay ca rto t 8000 n 45000 vng/pht. Dn ng my ly tm c thc hin t ng c 1 nm phn trn ca my, qua truyn ng dy ai dt c c cu cng ai dng con ln p 10.

226

Hnh 11.1.My ly tm siu

Khi my hot ng, huyn ph qua vi phun ca ng np liu vo phn di ca rto v khi quay cng rto huyn ph s chy theo tng ca n theo hng dc trc. Theo mc chuyn ng dc theo rto, huyn ph b phn lp tng xng vi t trng ca cc phn trong thnh phn cht lng. Khi tiu phn rn trong trng thi l lng b tch ra khi cht lng, v b lng trn tng rto, cn cht lng qua l trn u rto c a vo ngn rt, v sau vo thng cha. Nh khng xy ra bin i ng k hng chuyn ng ca cht lng v nhng dng xoy ri, nn loi tr c kh nng ti xm nhp ca cc tiu phn vo huyn ph. Khi kt thc s phn chia, my c dng li nh b hm 6, tho rto cng cn, thit lp s an ton v lp li chu k hot ng. Ly tm nh tng c tin hnh nh sau: nh tng theo ng tip liu vo phn di ca rto v theo mc chuyn ng ln, trn c phn ra thnh nhng cu t nng v nh. Cu t nng s qua cc l c phn b tng rto ri vo a rt di v tip tc qua on ng a ra ngoi. Cc b phn tip xc trc tip vi sn phm u c ch to bng thp 12X18H10T v 20X13. Khoang bn trong ca khung bng gang c ph lp sn chu axit. Cc my ly tm siu tc rt gn, tin li cho thao tc v c s vng quay ln, mc du ng knh rto nh (bng 11.2). Bng 11.2. c tnh k thut ca my ly tm siu tc
Cc ch s OTP- 101K-1 PTP -101K-1 105 15000 13200 10 2,2 8507301720 560 OTP-151K-1 PTP- 151K-1 150 13530 15250 20 7,5 10707402050 850

ng knh trong ca rto, mm S vng quay ln nht ca rto, vng/pht Yu t phn chia ln nht Ti trng ln nht, kg Cng sut ng c in, kW Kch thc c bn ca my vi ng c, mm Khi lng, kg

Khi tng s vng quay ca rto ln bao nhiu ln, ng thi gim ng knh ca n xung by nhiu ln th tc bin v ng sut trong trng l khng i. Yu t phn chia i vi cc my siu tc 12000 51000. Nhc im ca cc my ly tm siu tc: tnh hot ng chu k, cn thit phi tho v lp thng xuyn, tho cht lng v ra rto bng phng php th cng, s tn ti truyn ng bng dy ai.

227

11.1.4. My ly tm lng nm ngang c b tho cht lng bng vt ti My ly tm lng nm ngang c ng dng phn chia huyn ph c hm lng th tch pha rn t 1 n 40%, c kch thc cc tiu phn ln hn 2 5 m v sai khc gia t trng pha rn v lng ln hn 200 kg/m3. Theo chc nng cng ngh, cc my ly tm c chia ra lm ba nhm: lm trong v phn cp, lng vn nng v lng bng phng php kh nc. Ly tm lm trong c ng dng tinh ch huyn ph c pha rn phn tn cao vi nng thp, tinh ch huyn ph khi cc tiu phn c kch thc ln hn 5 m trc khi np chng n cc my phn ly kiu a v my phn ly siu tc v ng thi lm gim nng pha rn trong huyn ph. Cc my ly tm lm trong v phn cp c yu t phn chia ln hn 2500 v t s gia chiu di hot ng ca rto v ng knh l 1,6 2,2. Cc my ly tm lng vn nng c ng dng phn chia huyn ph c nng pha rn nh v trung bnh. Khi nhn c cht lng nguyn cht v cht lng c m khng ln. Yu t phn chia bng 2000 3000, t s gia chiu di hot ng ca rto v ng knh 1,6 2,2. Ly tm lng bng phng php kh nc c ng dng phn chia cc huyn ph th c nng cao. Tnh theo cht rn loi ny c nng sut ln, ng thi cht rn nhn c c m khng ln lm. Yu t phn chia nh hn 2000, t s chiu di hot ng ca rto v ng knh khng ln hn 2. My ly tm lng nm ngang (hnh 11.2) c rto nm ngang hnh xilanh - nn 8, bn trong c lp vt ti 7. Vt ti v rto cng quay mt chiu, nhng vi s vng quay khc nhau.

Hnh 11.2. My ly tm lng nm ngang: 1- C cu ngng my khi qu ti; 2- Ca tho; 3-V c cc vch bn trong, 4- Cng np liu; 5, 10- B ta rto; 6- Khoang tho cht lng nguyn cht; 7- Vt ti; 8- Rto xilanh- nn; 9- Khoang tho cn; 11- B truyn ng 228

Vt ti vn chuyn cht lng dc theo rto n ca tho 2 nm trong phn tht li ca rto. Rto c lp c nh trn hai b ta 5 v 10 v c quay nh ng c v truyn ng bng ai hnh thang. Dn ng vt ti c thc hin t rto ca my ly tm qua b truyn ng 11. V bao ph ly rto, c cc vch ngn 3 to ra cc khoang tho cht lng 9 ra khi khoang, tho cht lng nguyn cht 6. Trong trng hp qu ti th c cu an ton 1 s hot ng lm ngng my ng thi np cc tn hiu nh sng v bo ng. Khi my hot ng, huyn ph np theo ng 4 vo khoang trong ca vt ti ri qua ca tho 2 vo rto. Di tc ng ca lc ly tm, huyn ph c phn chia v cc tiu phn ca pha rn c lng trn tng ca rto. Cht lng trong chy vo ca rt, trn qua ngng rt v c tho ra khi rto. ng knh ca ngng trn c iu chnh bi van iu tit. c tnh k thut ca my ly tm dng lng nm ngang c nu bng 11.3. Bng 11.3. c tnh k thut ca cc my ly tm h lng nm ngang
Cc ch s 202K - 3 v 202K - 5 321K - 5 352K -3

ng knh trong ln nht ca rto, mm S vng quay ln nht ca rto vng/pht Yu t phn chia ln nht T s gia chiu di hot ng ca rto v ng knh Cng sut ng c, kW Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg

200

325

350

6000 4000

3500 2230

4000 3140

3 5,5 1455 1080740 637

1,66 7,5 1560970650 660

2,85 30 253018501075 2240

Tip bng 11.3

Cc ch s 352K - 5 v 202K - 6 501K - 6 v 502K-4 802K -4

ng knh trong ln nht ca rto, mm S vng quay ln nht ca rto vng/pht

350

500

800

229

Yu t phn chia ln nht T s gia chiu di hot ng ca rto v ng knh Cng sut ng c, kW Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg

4000 3140

2650 1960

1850 1500

1,8 22 2160 18501075 1550

1,86 30 258522001080 3400

1,61 75 395026601370 7835

Hot ng ca my ly tm c iu chnh bi s vng quay ca rto bng cch thay i ng knh bnh ai, thay i tc np huyn ph v thay i gi tr ng knh ca ngng trn. 11.1.5. Cc my ly tm lng t ng c dao tho cn tch cc huyn ph kh lc c pha rn gm nhng ht nh vi kch thc 5 40 m khng ho tan v c nng th tch 10% thng s dng cc my ly tm lng dng kn c dao tho cn. My ly tm dng lng t ng (hnh 11.3) c rto ngang c lp c nh trong cc bi lc. Trn np ly tm c lp ng np liu, c cu ct cht cn, phu tho liu, b iu chnh mc lp cht liu v chuyn hnh trnh ca dao. My ly tm c trang b thm cc c cu tho cht lng c lm trong, gm ng tho c xi lanh thu lc v van tit lu iu chnh tc quay ca ng tho. C th phn chia huyn ph bng hai phng php. Phng php u l ch: huyn ph c np y vo rto, sau phn chia hn hp, tho pha rn qua ng tho, ri sau tho pha lng c lm trong. Vic np huyn ph s c dng li mt cch t ng sau khi t c mc cn quy nh, tip theo tin hnh vt. Dng dao quay trn hay chuyn ng tnh tin ct cht cn c vt kh v cho qua phu cha thi khi thit b. Phng php hot ng th hai ca my ly tm lng nh sau: huyn ph cho vo rto mt cch lin tc, pha rn c gom li trong rto, cn pha lng c lm trong ri cho chy trn qua mp v c tho ra khi my. S np liu cho my ly tm c tip tc cho n khi rto cha y cn. Pha lng cn li s qua ng tho tho ra khi rto. Khi phn chia cc sn phm d n cn phi np kh tr vo v my ly tm. Bng 11.4. c tnh k thut ca my ly tm lng t ng
Cc ch s ng knh trong ca rto, mm S vng quay ln nht ca rto, vng/pht 903K - 1 900 1700 2003K - 1 2000 760

230

Yu t phn chia ln nht Sc cha, m3 Ti trng ln nht, kg Cng sut ng c, kW Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg

1450 0,3 150 30 31803702100 9593

640 1,25 1500 75 420046604550 19300

231

232
1000 - 1500 Hng A H B F I K M C G L D E

Hnh 11-3. My ly tm lng t ng: B- Np huyn ph; C- Tho cht lng c lm trong; D- Tho cht lng nguyn cht; E- Thi nc r r; F- Thi hi ra khi v; G- Thi cht lng; H- Np kh tr; I- Np cht lng ra cn; k- Thi kh; L- Np nc vo m kn; M- Thi nc ra khi m kn

11.1.6. My ly tm lc v ly tm lng kiu treo c dn ng trn Loi ny c s dng gia cng huyn ph c pha rn ho tan v khng ho tan, c bit l gia cng axit ascorbic. Dng dao ct cht cn trong my khi gim s vng quay ca rto. Cc b phn kt cu chung ca my ly tm kiu treo gm rto ng v trc cc si, u trn ca trc c lp vo gi hnh cu. Gi hnh cu c t cao hn trng tm ca h quay v l h ca cc lc nm trong cc, c ta t do trn b mt cu ca v bc b dn ng. Lp v ca b dn ng trn thanh thp dc hnh ch U. Dn ng c thc hin t ng c ni vi trc my ly tm qua khp n hi. Np huyn ph t trn vo my ly tm lc khi s vng quay ca rto gim, sau tng s vng quay n tr s ln nht, vt, ra v li vt cht lng. Trong cc my ly tm lng, huyn ph c np vo khi tc quay ca rto hot ng. Dng phanh ai gn trong m ca b dn ng hm my ly tm, cng nh dng ng c in c kt cu cho php hm khi quay ngc chiu. V cng l thng ng phn lc, t c tho ra qua khp ni nm di y thng. My ly tm dng khng c bt kn, chng c trang b rto c g trn t l, b iu chnh mc ti trng rto. My ly tm c trang b thm o hi un nng. Cht liu cho rto lng mt cch lin tc qua ng np liu c vi phun. Cht lc c tho ra khi rto mt cch lin tc qua ng thi di ng, cn cn (t c lp b dy ln nht) th tho gin on vo thng cha khi gim s vng quay ca rto n 100 vng/pht. Bng 11.5. c tnh k thut ca my ly tm
Cc ch s ng knh trong ca rto, mm S vng quay ln nht vng/ pht Yu t phn chia ln nht Sc cha, m
3

- 10054- 1 1000 1500 1250 0,215 320 30 200013804200 2700

Ti trng ln nht, kg Cng sut ng c, kW Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg

233

11.1.7. My ly tm dng Loi ny c s dng phn chia cc huyn ph m pha rn ca chng khng th tch c bng phng php c hc. Tho cn qua y rto. Cc ca tho cn c ng kn nh cn kho hay y kn bng a phn phi.

Hnh 11.4. My ly tm dng -120 (-1200): 1- ng ni di ca v; 2- Cc trc ; 3- C cu hp; 4- C cu ra; 5- C cu kho chuyn ca np; 6- Np v; 7- Khu cc trc; 8- Khu dn ng; 9- ng c in; 10- Khp ni bng cao su; 11- Phanh ai; 12- B gim xc bng cao su; 13- Khu dn ng; 14- Trc; 15- Kho iu khin; 16V; 17- Rto; 18- Cn kho; 19y v; 20- Khp tho; 21- B phn t

Huyn ph c np vo khi np trn ng kn (hnh 11.4), c s vng quay ca rto 333 vng/pht, cn kho h xung v huyn ph c y n a phn phi lm tng kh nng phn b u huyn ph trong rto. Sau khi tho liu th tng dn s vng quay ca rto n 1000 vng/pht. Kt thc qu trnh vt v ra cn th cho my ngng li, nng cn kho v cn c tho ra qua y rto. Ti trng ln nht ca my ly tm 450 kg vi yu t phn chia cc i 670. 11.1.8. My ly tm kiu chng n Khi sn xut cc cht hot ho sinh hc trong cc giai on tch, thng s dng cc dung mi hu c. Cho nn s phn chia cc h nh th cn phi tin hnh trong cc my ly tm c sn xut dng chng n. Cc my ly tm thuc cc dng , v c s dng rng ri nht. Cc my ly tm thuc cc dng -353K-2 v 353K-9 c ch to bng thp khng g 12X18H10T rt thun tin tch cc huyn ph d chy v d n. 234

Bng 11.6. c tnh k thut ca my ly tm -353K-2 v 353K-9 tch cc huyn ph d chy v d n

Cc ch s ng knh trong ca rto, mm S vng quay ln nht, vng/pht Yu t phn chia ln nht T s gia chiu di hot ng ca rto v ng knh Ap sut kh tr trong v my, Pa Cng sut ng c, kW Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg -353K- 2 v 353K- 9 350 3600 2500 2,85 4900 30 253018501076 2500

My ly tm t ng dng -1254K-7 c dng tch cc hot ho sinh hc b kt ta bi cc dung mi hu c. Chng c s dng trch ly huyn ph trong mt khong rng ca phn tn v nng ca pha rn vi kch thc khc nhau ca cc ht. My ly tm hot ng di p sut 3,8 kPa c thi kh tr.

235

Hnh 11.5. My ly tm t ng dng - 1254 K- 7 kiu chng n: 1- ng np liu ; 2- B iu chnh mc cn; 3- Phu tho; 4- ng ghp; 5- C cu ti sinh cc li lc; 6- Np pha trc; 7- C cu tho cn; 8- Rto; 9- Bn chi (chi); 10- Khoang sau ca v My ly tm -1254K-7 (hnh 11.5) lp t trn b gang v gm c v, cm van chnh v ng c thu lc. Bn trong v c rto 8, c lp trn trc chnh, trc chuyn ng c nh ng c v b truyn dn ai hnh thang, ca 6 c kp cht bn l trn b ng kn v. phn trn ca v c cc on ng x hi v thi kh tr, cn phn di - cc on ng tho cht lc v van tho dung dch ra. Trn np c gn dao quay, b iu chnh ti trng rto, cc on ng ra cn v cc thit b lc. Van np liu v ng h o chuyn ng ca huyn ph c ni vi ng np liu, cn van ra my v van ra li lc th ni vi ng ra. S vng quay ca rto khi ra bng 70 80 vng/pht v c m bo bi b dn ng ph, gm thit b dn ng thu lc c khp trc mt chiu v trm bm du. M dn ng ph ch sau khi ngng dn ng chnh. Huyn ph np vo rto qua van np liu v c iu chnh nh b iu chnh ti trng. Sau khi tch pha lng khi sn phm rn, c th tin hnh ra sn phm bng cht lng c a qua van v ng ra. Dng dao c c cu ct ct cn v sau cho qua mng vo thng nhn. Thi gian thao tc lc, vt, ra v ti sinh cc li lc c xc nh nh rle thi gian. Bng 11.7. c tnh k thut ca my ly tm t ng kiu chng n
Cc ch s ng knh trong ca rto, mm S vng quay ca rto, vng/pht Yu t phn chia ln nht Ti trng ln nht, kg Cng sut ng c, kW ca my ly tm ca trm bm Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg 40 2,2 456035603090 6730 20 0,6 313019651570 1352 -1254K-7 1250 1000 710 400 -633K-2 630 2390 2000 40

236

My ly tm dng -603-2 l thit b kn, chng n, tc ng tun hon vi ng c c lp ng trc vi trc ca rto. Tt c cc cm c bn ca my u c lp trn khung treo nh cc thanh trn ba tr. Rto quay c nh ng c ni vi trc qua khp ni ly hp khi ng. dng rto mt cch nhanh chng v m, my cn lp b hm t ng. Np v v c cu ng kn c t ng ho v c th m ra ch sau khi dng hn. Np huyn ph theo ng qua c cu p nn phn b u. Sc cha ca rto 0,08 m3, ti trng ln nht 100 kg. Ap sut hot ng ca kh tr 2,94 KPa. S vng quay ln nht ca rto 1450 vng/pht, yu t phn chia cc i 945. Cng sut ca ng c 5,5 kW. Kch thc c bn 13751415 1635 mm. Vt liu ca cc b phn tip xc vi sn phm - thp cacbon c ph cht do. My c trang b b iu khin. 11.2. CC MY PHN LY Vic phn chia cc h ra thnh cc phn c t trng khc nhau c tin hnh c hiu qu nht khi phn ly. Phn ly c s dng rng ri khi tuyn tinh nm men gia sc v nm men bnh m, khi phn chia cc nh tng v lm trong cc dung dch cc cht hot ho sinh hc trc khi c trong cc thit b c v trong cc thit b siu lc. ng dng cc my phn ly cho php gia cng mt khi lng ln cc loi huyn ph kh lc, cho php tng cng vic tch v c cc vi sinh vt v cc tiu phn rn c kch thc ln hn 0,5 m. Theo mc ch ca cng ngh, cc my phn ly cht lng theo phng php ly tm c chia ra lm nm nhm: - Cc my phn ly tch hai cht lng khng ho tan vi nhau (v d nc v parafin) ng thi loi cu t l lng khi cht lng; - B lc loi cc cu t l lng (cc t bo ca huyn ph vi sinh) khi cht lng; - B lc - b phn chia c hot ng ch yu ph thuc vo s lp rp rto; - My c c tng nng cc cu t l lng hay cc cu t keo ca huyn ph vi sinh, ng thi vi vic phn chia sn phm trong trng hp nh tng; - My phn cp phn loi cc cu t l lng ca huyn ph theo kch thc hay theo t trng cc ht. Theo phng php thi cht lng t rto, cc my phn ly c chia ra loi my phn ly tho bng xung ng ly tm (t tho liu), loi my phn ly tho bng ly tm lin tc (c ng thi thng) v loi my phn ly tho cn bng phng php th cng khi dng rto. Nng sut ca my phn ly ph thuc vo cc tnh cht ho l ca vt liu gia cng, cng nh vo mc c c c yu cu.

237

Yu t phn chia ca my phn ly ph thuc vo cc ch s kt cu v c tnh theo cng thc:

f
p 3 3 = i 2tg Rmax Rmin

trong : i - s a;

- tc gc ca trng, /s; - gc nghing to ra gia a v mt phng ngang, ;

Rmax v Rmin - bn knh ln nht v bn knh b nht ca a, mm. 11.2.1. My phn ly - my lm lng trong My phn ly lm lng dng a c s dng trong cng ngh vi sinh lm trong cht lng v tch cc hp cht ca cc cht lng hay ca cc huyn ph. Thuc loi ny bao gm cc my phn ly kn dng -, -637, c b tho cn bng xung ng ly tm. My phn ly dng - (hnh 11.6) gm khung my 2 c c cu dn ng, trng quay c van tho cht lng gia cc a, c cu nhn v tho 18, thu trm 7 v b hm .Bn trong v my phn ly lp cc c cu dn ng, tc k vng 5, b hm v thu trm. phn trn ca v c u 8, bn trong n c thng 9 cha cht lng gia cc a. u 8 c lp thm hai on ng np v tho cht lng lnh trong qa trnh phn ly. Trng quay l b phn hot ng c bn, di tc ng ca lc ly tm trong khng gian gia cc a xy ra hin tng tch cc ht l lng t cht lng canh trng. Trong v 11 ca trng quay c lp b gi a 14, b a 15, pittng 13 v van 10. Thu trm c t trong u iu khin ng, tho trng quay v m cc van. Trng quay c nh ng c ring bit. ng c ni vi trc ngang 4 qua khp ni, do nhng bin i ng k ca momen xon b trit tiu. Khp ly hp ma st bo m cho truyn ng quay khng i v nhp nhng. Cht lng canh trng theo ng np trung tm 19 vo khoang trong ca b gi a, sau vo khoang khng gian cha bn 23 ca trng. Di tc dng ca lc ly tm, nhng ht nng v ln nht ca sinh khi b bn ti ngoi vi ca trng, cn cht lng c cc ht sinh khi nh hn th vo ti ca cc a hnh nn. mng ca lp v tnh phn tng ca dng chy s bo m tch nhng ht sinh khi nh nht trong khng gian gia cc a trn b mt trong ca cc a. Cht lng c lm trong chy ngc ln theo cc rnh ngoi ca b gi a vo khoang ca a p lc 17 v c tho ra khi trng, cn cc ht sinh khi c tch ra chuyn xung theo b mt cc a vo khong khng cha bn. Khi khong khng cha bn y th ngng np canh trng cht lng v nh hai c cu van rt m cht lng c lm trong t khong khng gia cc a vo thng cha. Nh c cu tho m sinh khi c y vo thng cha bn 22. Sau khi ngng np nc m 238

vo khoang trn pittng, ng kn trng quay v chu k cng ngh c lp li. bt kn khong khng gian cha bn trong my phn ly kiu ly tm c b tho cn bng xung ng cn phi to chnh lch p sut gia cht lng bn trong trng v p sut ca phn t a vo b mt kn. thc hin c iu c th s dng cht m ph, khng kh, cng c th l l xo hay cc phn t n hi khc. ng knh trng quay 600 mm, khe h gia cc a 0,5 mm, s vng quay ca trng 5000 vng/pht.

20

17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 1 4 3 2 1

21

22 23

24 25 26

27

Hnh 11.6. My phn ly dng -: 1,6- Cc nt; 2- Khung my; 3- B ch mc du; 4- Trc ngang; 5- Tc k vng; 7Thu trm; 8- u; 9- Thng thu nhn; 10- Van; 11- V trng quay; 12- y trng; 13; Pittng; 14- B gi a; 15- a; 16- Np trng; 17- a p lc; 18- C cu nhn v tho; 19- ng trung tm; 20,21- Cc vng cng; 22- Thng cha bn; 23Khong khng gian cha bn; 24- trc trn; 25- L xo trc trn; 26- Trc ng; 27- Gi ta 239

Bng 11.8. c tnh k thut ca my phn ly c b tho cn ly tm xung ng

Cc ch s Nng sut , l/h S a Th tch khng gian cha bn, l Cng sut ng c, kW Kch thc c bn, mm Khi lng, kg 2000 135 155 16 13 145010701560 1440 2000 100 9 14 156011601870 1412 1600 91 14 124510901520 1122

11.2.2. Cc my phn ly c b tho cn lin tc bng ly tm phn chia cc huyn ph nm men, trong cng ghip vi sinh thng s dng my phn ly c tho cn lin tc. l loi my phn ly - c c kn bng a c b tho cn lin tc bng phng php ly tm v tho chy t do cu t lng. My phn ly (hnh11.7) gm khung 1 vi c cu dn ng, trng quay 2 vi cc a v trc, b phn cha cht c nm men 4 v on ng tho cht lng canh trng x l 3. Dn ng my phn ly c thc hin t ng c ring bit qua khp ni ly hp ma st v b truyn trc vt bnh vt c tc cao. Trng quay c lp t t do trn trc con v c lp vo cc rnh x ca trc bng thanh ging, nh m bo vic t iu chnh tm ca trng quay. Bn trong trng c lp cc a hnh nn c cc g trn b mt ngoi, khong cch gia cc a bng 0,8 mm. Gia c cc ti trong ng quay nm trong b gi a. phn di ca my theo vng trn phn b cc rnh xuyn qua c t cc ng tho cht c nm men. Huyn ph nm men np qua ng phn phi vo khoang trong ca b gi a, ti y nh cc g ca n m chuyn ng quay c truyn n. Huyn ph chy qua gia b gi a v y trng. Di tc ng ca lc ly tm, cc t bo nm men ln hn bn vo ngoi vi ca trng quay. Huyn ph t khoang cha nm men vo ti ca cc a hnh nn v trong ch chy tng th b trn ra thnh lp mng u nhau. Di tc ng ca lc ly tm cc t bo nm men, khi c t trng ln so vi pha lng, lng trn b mt trong ca cc a v c chuyn o theo b mt vo khng gian cha bn ca trng. Cht c nm men qua ming phun ngoi vo thng cha. C th iu chnh nng nm men trong huyn ph c c bng phng php thay i ng knh cc l trong ming phun, tuy nhin t s cc ng knh l trong v bn ngoi ca ming phun ln hn 1:1/7. Khi gim lng ming phun th mc c huyn ph nm men tng ln lm cho nng sut ca my gim. Cht lng c phn ly khi qua ti ca cc a, chy ngc ln dc theo b mt ngoi ca b gi a v chy vo khoang ri c tho ra ngoi nh a p lc. Mc c huyn ph ph thuc vo nng nm men trong huyn ph ban u. Khi nng ca nm men c 75% nc, bng 20 30 g/l, mc c l 8 10%, cn 240

khi nng 80 120 g/l l 5 6%. C huyn ph n hm lng nm men 550 600 g/l c tin hnh trong khong 2 3 mc phn ly lin tc. Cht lng cn phi t do cho n khng th chy ra khi vi phun, khng bt vi v khng to vm bn trong rto. Lin quan vi iu vic lc s b c nh hng tt ti hot ng ca my phn ly. Loc s b qua b lc li loi cc tp cht c hc, lm bn khong khng gian gia cc a v lm bn cc l trong ming phun. S dng cc my phn ly trn thu nhn cc cht cn c m nh nht l khng cn thit.

Hnh 11.7. My ly tm COC 501K 3

241

Hin nay nhiu nc sn xut cc my phn ly c nm men gia sc v cc sn phm vi sinh khc c nng sut n 200.000 l/h (loi FEUX), trng quay c lp ng p lc thi cc ht rn. Di tc ng ca lc ly tm, trong t hp gm cc a hnh nn ca trng quay, huyn ph c phn ra cc ht rn v pha lng. Cc ht nng bn vo thnh ng v xa hn n ngoi vi, ri theo mt lot ng (nh vi phun) u trong vo khoang y trng. ng p lc c nh bn trong c kt cht c v di p lc c tho qua ng vo phn trn ca trng. Cht lng trong c tho ra khi trng qua ca thot. Bng 11.6. c tnh k thut ca my phn ly c huyn ph nm men
FEU X-420 T31C (Thu in) FEUX - 412 (Thu in) COC - 501K -3( - 50)

Nng sut tnh theo huyn ph ban u, m3/h ng knh trng, mm Cng sut ng c, kW Tiu th nng lng ring, kW/kg

1525 516 20

2035 516 30

4050 650 75

Cc ch s

7080 900 132

200 900 150

8090 900 135

100 800 55

0,19

0,064

0,084

0,09

0,06

11.2.3 My phn ly vi khun tc cao dng AX - 213 My phn ly vi khun tc cao dng AX-213 thuc my phn l mi nht v hin i. Yu t phn chia ca n bng 142000, nh c th tch cc ht c ng knh n 0,0005 mm. Nng sut ca my t 36 m3/h. Cc ht rn c phn ly tp trung ngoi vi ca trng quay - ngoi vng phn ly - v trong khong thi gian 4 5 pht th tho ra ngoi nhm trnh s ngn cn dng tip theo. My phn ly vi khun lm vic lin tc, khng cn phi ngng lm sch, c h thng iu khin qu trnh tho d cc ht rn, qu trnh ra khng cn phi tho trng quay v hon ton c t ng ho. My phn ly vi khun (hnh11.8) c lp t trn b 13 c bn chn gim xc 10, m bo tnh n nh v loi tr dao ng ca my khi hot ng. Bn trong v c trc ng, trng quay 2 c lp cht trn trc hnh thnh dng li - ng. Cc trc trn 242

TA - 205 - 01167 (c)

COC - 501K -1(-35)

901; -01

v di c lp trong cc b gim xc bng cao su loi tr rung ng. H bi trn bng phun du to sng m c tin hnh khi trc quay. Trng ca my phn ly vi khun c trang b cc ti 3 gom ht rn. Cc mt bn ca ti c xp thnh gc hng cc ht rn vo cc ng x. S b tr cc ng x theo dc trc cho php m gi s hon chnh tng ngoi ca trng, v lm cho n c bn c hc ln. S tn ti vng hm lm cho ng knh nh li nhm gim khi lng v tng bn thit b nhng cho php t tc cao. ng c 12 c lp trn b. Truyn ng quay ti trc trng nh ai n dt. Khp ni t tnh 11 bo m vic m v dng trc mt cch m thun. My phn ly vi khun c trang b b hm bng th cng tc ng ti tang ca thng cha du t trong y v trc.

Hnh 11.8. My phn ly vi khun c tc cao AX - 213 ca Hng -Lavale: 1- ng np cht lng lm trong; 2- Trng; 3- Cc ti cha cc ht rn; 4- a p lc; 5- Vt m kn; 6- Vi x cc ht rn; 7- Cc a; 8- V trc; 9- B tra du; 10- B gim xc; 11- Khp ni t tnh; 12- ng c; 13- B my

243

Np cht lng canh trng ban u vo trng t trn theo ng tm c nh 1, ri qua b phn phi vo b a 7, ti y cc ht rn c tch ra. Cc ht rn c bn xuyn tm theo hng tc ng ca cc lc ly tm v c tho xung a, ri xung mp a v c y ra khi khong gia cc a vo ngoi vi c phn b ca ti, ti y cc ht c gom li. Cht lng trong chy ln ming trng v c tho ra nh a p lc 4. Trn a p lc c vt m kn 5. Tin hnh phun gin on cc ht rn, c 4 5 pht phun mt ln trong khi cht lng c np lin tc v khng c ngng hot ng. Cc ng x dc trc 6 c ni vi cc van. Trong iu kin bnh thng, cc van c ng li nh tm chn l xo. y cc ht rn, tm chn h xung nh thi t ngt khng kh vo trc rng ca trng. Khi cc van c m ra v cc ht rn c tho vo vng gom. Cc ht rn c tho ra t vng gom vo xiclon, sau c tho ra ngoi di p sut ca lc ly tm. Thit b phn ly vi khun (hnh 11.9) gm my phn ly 3, trm iu khin 2, t 1 c thit b chuyn mch v b van 4. Tt c cc cng on u c tin hnh ch t ng.
Np dung dch ban u Tho cht lng c phn ly

Tho cn

Nc ra Khng kh nn

Hnh 11.9. S thit b phn ly vi khun tc cao AX - 213 ca Hng -Lavale c tnh k thut ca thit b phn ly vi khun AX - 213 Nng sut, m3/h: ng knh trng quay, mm: Cng sut ng c, kW: Kch thc c bn, mm: di: rng: 244 1770 940 36 430 30/37

cao: Khi lng, kg: my phn ly vi khun: trng quay: 11.2.4. Tnh ton thit b phn ly

1800 1550 460

Hiu sut phn ly t l vi s vng quay ca trng, ng knh ca n, kch thc cc ht, vi s khc bit gia cc pha rn v lng. Khi tng nht ca mi trng th hiu sut phn ly gim. Nng sut phn ly tnh theo th tch huyn ph c np vo trong mt giy (m ,s):
3

Q=

K C
27

2 2 r2 Rmin 4 2itg Rmax

1 2 C c Cc Cd

trong : - hiu sut ca trng quay trong my phn ly (ly bng 0,25); Kc - h s c, c tnh n nh hng hm lng t bo nm men trong huyn ph ban u n qu trinh [ K c f (C d ) ], bng 11.10;

- tc gc ca trng, /s;
i - lng a;

- gc nghing to nn cn a, ( = 45 60);
Rmax v Rmin- bn knh ln nht v bn knh nh nht ca a, m;

1 v 2- t trng pha rn v mi trng, kg/m3; - nht ng hc ca h phn tn; Pas;

r - bn knh quy i ca ht rn, m; Cd v Cc- phn th tch ca cc ht rn (t bo nm men) trong huyn ph ban u v trong cht c, %. Cng thc quy i c s dng tnh cc my phn ly bng phng php phun. H s c tnh n nh hng hm lng pha rn hay ta pha rn (v d, cc t bo nm men) trong huyn ph ban u n qu trnh phn ly, xy ra trong ti cc a. Tr s h s c ph thuc vo nng huyn ph np vo my c nu bng 11.10. Bng 11.10. Tr s h s c ph thuc vo nng huyn ph np vo my
Cd Kc Cd Kc

245

10 20 30

1 0,8694 0,7558

40 50 60

0,6572 0,5712 0,4966

Lc ly tm l ng lc ca qu trnh. Tc lng ca cc ht trong my phn ly (m/s):

v m = d 2 2R( rr l )

trong : d - ng knh ca cc ht rn, m;

- s vng quay ca trng, vng/ph;

R - bn knh trng, m;

r - t trng ca pha rn, kg/m3; l - t trng ca pha lng, kg/ m3; - nht ng hc, Pas.
ng knh cc l phun ca my phn ly (m):
4Q d= Cc Z c K ch R 2 r 2 C 1 d
1 2

trong : Q - nng sut ca my phn ly, m3/s; Zc - s lng cc l; Kch - h s chy, i vi cn (cht lng) thng ly bng 0,7; R - khong cch t trc quay ca trng n l thot ca vi phun; r - khong cch t trc quay ca trng n b mt cht lng, m. T phng trnh ny c th xc nh nng sinh khi trong huyn ph c: Cc = 4QCd

Z c K cbd

R r
2

+ Cd

Trong cc my phn ly ngoi cc vi phun bn ngoi cn c cc vi phun bn trong c ni vi nhau bng cc van. cho my phn ly hot ng bnh thng, t s kch thc gia cc vi trong v vi ngoi cn phi trong gii hn : 1,7dngoi < dtrong < 2d 246

Tng cng sut tiu hao cho dn ng my phn ly (kW): N = Nc +Nl +Nt +Nm trong : Nc v Nl - cng sut tiu hao tho cht c qua vi phun v tho cht lng c lm trong, kW; Nt v Nm - cng sut tiu hao khng kh thng sc cn ca trng v thng ma st trong gi trc, kW. Tiu hao cng sut tho cht c (kW): N c = 1,785 104Qc c v 2 + 1,56 2 R 2 2,5 vR cos trong : c - t trng cht c, kg/m3; v - tc tho cht c qua vi phun, m/s: v = 0,08 R 2 r 2 ;

- gc nghing ca trc tm vi vi ng tip tuyn, ;

Qc - tiu hao cht c qua vi phun, m3/s. Nu cht lng ph thi c tho t do, tiu hao cng sut (kW) tho c th xc nh theo cng thc:
N l = 103Ql r

trong : Ql - Lu lng cht lng c lm trong, m3/h. Nu cht lng trong c tho ra nh a p lc th tiu hao cng sut (kW) c th c cho php xc nh tng t nh hot ng ca bm:

Nl =
trong : - t trng cht lng trong, kg/m3; H - ct p c a to ra, kPa;

Ql H 10223600

- hiu sut ca c cu p lc, c th ly bng 0,5.

Ct p c to bi a p lc:

H = 102

(R 2g

r2

Cng sut (kW) tiu hao thng ma st ca trng vi khng kh:

5 3 N mk = 36,8 10 6 r

trong : r - bn knh ca trng, m.

247

Tiu hao cng sut (kW) thng ma st trong cc trc:

N mo = 0,5 103 m gd n f
trong : m - khi lng ca trng vi sn phm, kg;
dn - ng knh ngng trc, m; f - h s ma st (i vi cc bi bng 0,02 0,03).

248