CIVIL CODE PRELIMINARY TITLE (ARTICLES 1-18) ARTICLE 2 Tanada vs. Tuvera No.

L-63915 December 29, 1986 Ponente: Justice Cruz F cts: !"e #etitioners sou$"t t"e %isc&osure o' number o' #resi%enti & %ecrees, ("ic" t"e) c& ime% " % not been #ub&is"e% s re*uire% b) & (. !"e $o+ernment,s contention t" t t"e #"r se -ot"er(ise #ro+i%e%. me ns t" t %ecree (i&& become e''ecti+e imme%i te&) 'ter t"eir ##ro+ &. !"e tri & court ''irme% t"e %ecision o' " +in$ t"e necessit) 'or t"e #ub&ic tion o' t"e s i% %ecrees. !"e #etitioners no( sou$"t 'or t"e reconsi%er tion or c& ri'ic tion o' t"e s i% %ecision. !"e #r )er constitutes o' or%erin$ t"e res#on%ents to #ub&is" in t"e /''ici & 0 zette && t"e un#ub&is"e% Presi%enti & %ecrees o' $ener & ##&ic tion n% un&ess #ub&is"e% t"e) s" && not be bin%in$. 1ssue: 2"et"er or not t"e c& use -un&ess it is ot"er(ise #ro+i%e%. re'ers to t"e % te o' e''ecti+it) o' & (s or to t"e re*uirement o' #ub&ic tion. 3e&%: !"e c& use -un&ess it is ot"er(ise #ro+i%e%. re'ers to t"e % te o' e''ecti+it) n% not to t"e re*uirement o' #ub&ic tion itse&', ("ic" c nnot be omitte%. Pub&ic tion is in%is#ens b&e in e+er) c se, but t"e &e$is& ture in its %iscretion #ro+i%e t" t t"e usu & 'i'teen % ) #erio% s" && be s"ortene% or e4ten%e%. !"e omission o' t"e s i% #ub&ic tion (ou&% run $ inst t"e %ue #rocess c& use n% (ou&% %en) t"e #ub&ic 5no(&e%$e o' t"e & (s. !"e court "e&% t" t && st tutes, inc&u%in$ t"ose o' &oc & ##&ic tion n% #ri+ te & (s, s" && be #ub&is"e% s con%ition 'or t"eir e''ecti+it). !"e #ub&ic tion must be in 'u&& since its #ur#ose is to in'orm t"e #ub&ic o' t"e contents o' t"e & (. Petition $r nte%. Pe !"e vs. #ue P La$ No. 6691, 7 rc" 29, 1958 7ontem )or, J. F9C!:: ;ue Po L ) is ccuse% o' +io& tin$ Circu& r No. 2< o' t"e Centr & = n5 re*uirin$ t"ose ("o re in #ossession o' 'orei$n currenc) to se&& t"e s me to t"e Centr & = n5. ;ue Po L ) &&e$es t" t s i% circu& r ( s not #ub&is"e% in t"e /''ici & 0 zette be'ore "e committe% t"e ct n% t"ere'ore, it " % no 'orce n% e''ect. 1::>?: 2"et"er or not Centr & = n5 Circu& r No. 2< " s no 'orce n% e''ect 3?LD: @es, t"e s i% Circu& r " s no 'orce n% e''ect bec use it ( s not #ub&is"e%. 9rtic&e 2 o' t"e ne( Ci+i& Co%e #ro+i%es t" t & (s s" && t 5e e''ect 'ter 'i'teen % )s 'o&&o(in$ t"eir #ub&ic tion in t"e /''ici & 0 zette, un&ess ot"er(ise #ro+i%e%. 2"i&e Centr & = n5 Circu& r No. 2< is not o' st tute or & ( but bein$ issue% 'or t"e im#&ement tion o' t"e & ( ut"orizin$ its issu nce, it " s t"e 'orce n% e''ect o' & ( ccor%in$ to sett&e% Auris#ru%ence. Bu&es n% re$u& tions ("ic" #rescribe #en &t) 'or its +io& tion s"ou&% be #ub&is"e% be'ore becomin$

e''ecti+e. !"e #ub&ic c nnot be "e&% &i b&e 'or +io& tions o' & (s or re$u& tions un&ess t"e) re in'orme% o' its contents n% #en &ties 'or +io& tion. ARTICLE % &ar'(a v. Re'( 0. B. No. 138322 /ct. 2, 2<<1 P n$ nib n, J. F9C!: Be%eric5 Becio, Fi&i#ino, m rrie% n 9ustr &i n citizen n me% ?%it" : mson in 1986. !(o )e rs & ter %ecree o' %i+orce ( s re&e se% b) t"e 9ustr &i n $o+ernment. /n June 26, 1992, Becio bec me n 9ustr &i n citizen n% m rrie% cert in 0r ce 0 rci in 1998 in C b n tu n Cit) (it" t"e 'ormer %ec& rin$ t" t "e ( s sin$&e n% Fi&i#ino. 0 rci 'i&e% %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' m rri $e on t"e $roun% o' bi$ m) &&e$in$ t" t Becio " % #rior subsistin$ m rri $e t t"e time "e m rrie% "er n% on&) " % 5no(&e%$e o' it in 1996. Becio countere% (i'e,s c& im ssertin$ t" t "e %isc&ose% t"e #re+ious m rri $e to "er in 1993. 7oreo+er, "e conten%e% t" t "is 'irst m rri $e " % been + &i%&) %isso&+e% b) %i+orce %ecree obt ine% in 9ustr &i in 1989 m 5in$ "im &e$ &&) c # cit te% to m rr). 1::>? 2"et"er or not t"e tri & court $r +e&) erre% in 'in%in$ t" t t"e %i+orce %ecree obt ine% in 9ustr &i b) Becio i#so ' cto termin te% "is 'irst m rri $e to : mson t"ereb) c # cit tin$ "im to contr ct secon% m rri $e (it" 0 rci . 3?LD !"e :u#reme Court ru&e% t" t t"e %i+orce %ecree obt ine% b) Becio %oes not i#so ' cto termin te% "is 'irst m rri $e to : mson on t"e ccount t" t #resent tion so&e&) o' t"e %i+orce %ecree is insu''icient. 9rtic&e 15 n% 16 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e est b&is" t"e ru&e t" t m rri $e bet(een t(o Fi&i#inos c nnot be %isso&+e% e+en b) %i+orce obt ine% bro %. 1n mi4e% m rri $es in+o&+in$ Fi&i#ino n% 'orei$ner, 9rtic&e 26 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e &&o(s t"e 'ormer to contr ct subse*uent m rri $e in c se t"e %i+orce is -+ &i%&) obt ine% bro % b) t"e &ien s#ouse c # cit tin$ "im or "er to rem rr).. 9 %i+orce obt ine% bro % b) cou#&e, ("o re bot" &iens, m ) be reco$nize% in t"e P"i&i##ines, #ro+i%e% it is consistent (it" t"eir res#ecti+e n tion & & (s. !"e Court "i$"&i$"ts t" t be'ore 'orei$n %i+orce %ecree c n be reco$nize% b) our courts, t"e # rt) #&e %in$ it must #ro+e t"e %i+orce s ' ct n% %emonstr te its con'ormit) to t"e 'orei$n & ( &&o(in$ it. ARTICLE ) DM C nsun*(+ In'. Vs CA F cts: /n 7 ) 9, 1991, #ri+ te res#on%ent 7 ri Jue$o 'i&e% in t"e P si$ Be$ion & !ri & Court

com#& int 'or % m $es $ inst #etitioner 'or t"e t"e %e t" o' "er "usb n% Jose Aue$o. Jose ( s em#&o)e% b) #etitioner s construction (or5er. 2"i&e (or5in$ on No+ember 2, 199<, Jose 'e&& 18 '&oors 'rom t"e Ben iss nce !o(er in P si$. 3e %ie%. 7 ri + i&e% o' t"e %e t" bene'its 'orm t"e :t te 1nsur nce Fun%. Petitioner is c& imin$ t" t s"e c n no &on$er reco+er % m $es un%er t"e Ci+i& Co%e bec use "er #rior + i&ment o' t"e bene'its 'orm t"e :t te 1nsur nce Fun%. !"e tri & court n% C9 %eci%e% in ' +our o' m ri . 1ssue: 2"et"er 7 ri ,s + i&ment o' t"e %e t" bene'its #ro+i%e% un%er t"e L bor Co%e mounts to ( i+er o' "er ri$"ts to c& im 'or % m $es 'rom #etition un%er t"e Ci+i& Co%eC 3e&%: No bec use m ri ( s not on&) i$nor nt o' t"e ' ct but o' "er ri$"ts s (e&&. 7 ri ,s e&ection o' t"e %e t" bene'its %oes not b r n) ction inconsistent (it" t"e e&ecte% reme%). For ( i+er to become + &i%, t"ere must be n intention & re&in*uis"ment o' 5no(n ri$"t. 2"ere one & c5s 5no(&e%$e o' ri$"ts, t"ere is no b sis u#on ("ic" ( i+er o' its c n rest. 2 i+er re*uires 5no(&e%$e o' t"e ri$"t ( i+e% (it" n ( reness o' its conse*uences. !"us i$nor nce o' m teri & ' ct ne$ tes ( i+er. Cu( vs. Are""an ,n(vers(-$ (2 SCRA 2./) F cts: P& inti'' ?meterio Cui, stu%)in$ & (, recei+e% sc"o& rs"i# $r nts 'or sc"o& stic merit t 9re&& no >ni+ersit). Durin$ "is & st semester o' "is 'ourt" )e r, "e &e't t"e %e'en% nt uni+ersit) n% enro&&e% t 9b % : ntos >ni+ersit), ("erein "e 'inis"e% "is & ( %e$ree. 9'ter $r %u tin$, "e ##&ie% 'or t"e b r e4 min tions. !o secure to t 5e t"e b r e4 min tions, "e nee%e% t"e tr nscri#t o' recor%s 'rom t"e %e'en% nt uni+ersit). De'en% nt re'use% to $i+e "im tr nscri#t unti& "e # i% b c5 t"e tuition t" t t"e uni+ersit) returne% ("en "e ( s $r nte% sc"o& rs"i#. 9ccor%in$ to t"e contr ct si$ne% b) t"e #& inti'', sc"o& rs"i#s re $oo% on&) i' t"e stu%ent s"ou&% continue in t"e s me sc"oo&. !"is contr ct ( s 'o&&o(e% 'rom 7emor n%um No. 38 m %e b) t"e Director o' Pri+ te :c"oo&s. 1ssue: 2"et"er or not t"e contr ct bet(een #& inti'' n% %e'en% nt, ("ereb) t"e 'ormer ( i+e% "is ri$"t to tr ns'er to not"er sc"oo& (it"out re'un%in$ to t"e & tter t"e e*ui+ &ent o' "is sc"o& rs"i# in c s" + &i% or notC 3e&%: !"e contr ct bet(een #& inti'' n% %e'en% nt is not bin%in$ since t"e memor n%um m %e b) t"e Director o' Pri+ te :c"oo&s is not & (. !"e #ro+isions re on&) %+isor) n% not m n% tor) in n ture. Furt"ermore, t"e s i% o''icer " % not ut"orit) to issue suc" memor n%um n% t" t #ro+isions (ere not #ub&is"e% in t"e /''ici & 0 zette. ARTICLE 1/-1) M(n'(an vs. 0r(1 5< P"i&. 866, No+ember 1, 1928 J. Bomu &%ez F cts: Jose#" 0. =rimo, citizen o' !ur5e), %ie% n% &e't # rtition o' t"e est te. Ju n 7ici no, t"e Au%ici & %ministr tor o' t"e est te &e't 'i&e% sc"eme o' # rtition. 3o(e+er, 9n%re =rimo, one o' t"e brot"ers o' t"e %ece se%, o##ose% it. =rimo,s o##osition is b se% on t"e ' ct t" t t"e # rtition in *uestion #uts into e''ect t"e #ro+isions o' Jose#" =rimo,s (i&& ("ic" re not in ccor% nce (it" t"e & (s o' "is !ur5is" n tion &it), 'or ("ic" re son t"e) re +oi% s bein$ in +io& tion o' 9rtic&e 1< o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e.

1ssue: 2"et"er or not t"e n tion & & ( o' t"e test tor is t"e one to $o+ern "is test ment r) %is#osition. 3e&%: Jose#" =rimo, !ur5is" citizen, t"ou$" "e %ec& re% in "is (i&& t" t P"i&i##ine & (s must $o+ern t"e %is#osition o' "is est teD "o(e+er, it must not #reAu%ice t"e "eir or &e$ tee o' t"e test tor. !"ere'ore, t"e test tor,s n tion & & ( must $o+ern in ccor% nce (it" 9rtic&e 1< o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e. P("a!(" VS. I2a$-S 1era 0.B No. 8<116 June 3<, 1989 /n :e#tember 6, 1969, #etitioner 1me&% 7 n & )s ) Pi& #i&, Fi&i#ino citizen, n% #ri+ te res#on%ent ?ric" ?55e" r% 0ei&in$, 0erm n n tion &, (ere m rrie% be'ore t"e Be$istr r o' =irt"s, m rri $e n% %e t"s in Frie%ens(ei&er in t"e Fe%er & Be#ub&ic o' 0erm n). !"e cou#&e &i+e% to$et"er 'or some time in 7 & te, 7 ni& ("ere t"e) " % % u$"ter. 9'ter t"ree n% " &' )e rs o' %is" rmonic m rri $e, #ri+ te res#on%ent 0ei&in$ initi te% %i+orce #rocee%in$s $ inst #etitioner in "is n ti+e 0erm n). 3e c& ime% t" t t"ere ( s ' i&ure o' t"e m rri $e n% t"e) " % been &i+in$ # rt since 1982.2"i&e #etitioner 'i&e% n ction 'or Le$ & se# r tion, su##ort n% se# r tion o' #ro#ert) be'ore t"e Be$ion & !ri & Court in 7 ni& . /n J nu r) 15, 1986, t"e :c"oneber$ &oc & Court o' 0erm n), #romu&$ te% %ecree o' %i+orce on t"e $roun% o' ' i&ure o' m rri $e o' t"e s#ouses. /n June 26, 1986, 'i+e mont"s 'ter t"e issu nce o' t"e %i+orce %ecree, #ri+ te res#on%ent 'i&e% t(o com#& ints 'or %u&ter) be'ore t"e Cit) Fisc & o' 7 ni& &&e$in$ t" t %urin$ t"e m rri $e Pi& #i& " % n '' ir (it" cert in 2i&&i m C"i n% not"er m n n me% Jesus C"u . 9'ter corres#on%in$ in+esti$ tion, t"e ssist nt 'isc & recommen%e% t"e %ismiss & o' t"e c ses on t"e $roun% o' insu''icienc) o' e+i%ence. 3o(e+er u#on re+ie( o' t"e res#on%ent Cit) 'isc & reso&ution ( s ##ro+e% n% t"e c ses (ere r ''&e% to t(o br nc"es o' t"e B!C o' 7 ni& . /n 7 rc" 18, 1986, #etitioner 'i&e% #etition (it" t"e :ecret r) o' Justice t" t t"e c ses be %ismisse%. !"e :ecret r) o' Austice, t"rou$" t"e C"ie' :t te Prosecutor, $ +e %ue course to bot" #etitions n% %irecte% cit) 'isc & to in'orm t"e D/J -i' t"e ccuse% " +e &re %) been rr i$ne% n% i' not, to mo+e to %e'er 'urt"er #rocee%in$s. n% to e&e+ te t"e entire recor% o' t"e c ses to "is o''ice 'or re+ie(. Pi& #i& 'i&e% motion in bot" crimin & c ses to %e'er rr i$nment n% to sus#en% 'urt"er #rocee%in$s. 9s resu&t, one o' t"e crimin & c ses ( s sus#en%e%, ("i&e t"e % te o' rr i$nment o' t"e ot"er ( s mere&) reset. Durin$ t"e rr i$nment o' t"e crimin & c se, t"e 2i&&i m C"i #&e %e% not $ui&t) ("i&e t"e #etitioner re'use% not to be rr i$ne%. !"e #etitioner ( s t"en "e&% in contem#t n% ( s %et ine% unti& s"e submitte% "erse&' 'or rr i$nment. :"e & ter entere% #&e o' not $ui&t). /n /ctober 26, 1986 #etitioner 'i&e% s#eci & ci+i& ction 'or certior ri on t"e $roun% t" t t"e court is (it"out Auris%iction to %eci%e n% tr) t"e c se. /n 7 rc" 29, 1988, t"e :ecret r) o' Justice issue% reso&ution %irectin$ t"e res#on%ent cit) 'isc & to mo+e 'or t"e %ismiss & o' t"e com#& ints $ inst t"e #etitioner. 1ssue: 2"et"er or not t"e %i+orce %ecree is + &i% in t"e P"i&i##ines n% i' t"e #ri+ te res#on%et c n 'i&e com#& int o' %u&ter) $ inst t"e #etitioner. Bu&in$: @es, t"e %i+orce %ecree is + &i% in t"e P"i&i##ines. 1n t"e #resent c se, t"e ' ct t" t t"e

#ri+ te res#on%ent obt ine% + &i% %i+orce in "is countr) is %mitte%. : i% %i+orce n% its &e$ & e''ects m ) be reco$nize% in t"e P"i&i##ines inso' r s #ri+ te res#on%ent is concern in +ie( o' t"e n tion &it) #rinci#&e on our ci+i& & ( on t"e m tter o' t"e st tus o' #ersons. >n%er t"is consi%er tion, #ri+ te res#on%ent, bein$ no &on$er t"e "usb n% o' t"e #etitioner, " % no &e$ & st n%in$ to commence t"e %u&ter) c se un%er t"e im#osture t" t "e ( s t"e o''en%e% s#ouse t t"e time "e 'i&e% t"e suit. !"e &&e$ tions o' t"e #ri+ te res#on%ent t" t "e cou&% not " +e brou$"t t"is c se be'or t"e %ecree o' %i+orce 'or & c5 o' 5no(&e%$e e+en i' true, is o' no &e$ & si$ni'ic nce or conse*uence in t"is c se. !"e se+er nce o' t"e m rit & bon% " % t"e e''ect o' %issoci tin$ t"e 'ormer s#ouses 'rom e c" ot"er. R e3r vs. R dr(4ue5 0B No. 18282< June 2<, 2<<3 F cts: Petitioner 2o&'$ n$ Boe"r, 0erm n citizen, m rrie% Fi&i#in , C rmen Bo%ri$uez in 0erm n). !"e m rri $e ( s r ti'ie% in ! ) s n, Ne$ros /rient &.. Pri+ te res#on%ent 'i&e% #etition 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' m rri $e be'ore t"e B!C o' 7 5 ti. Petitioner 'i&e% motion to %ismiss but ( s %enie% b) t"e tri & court. !"e #etitioner obt ine% %ecree o' %i+orce 'rom t"e Cout o' First 1nst nce o' 3 mbur$-=& n5enese n% $r ntin$ t"e custo%) o' t"e c"i&%ren to t"e ' t"er. 1ssue: 2"et"er or not t"e &e$ & e''ects o' %i+orce obt ine% 'rom 'orei$n countr) suc" s su##ort n% custo%) o' t"e c"i&%ren c n be %etermine% in our courts 3e&%: @es. 1n or%er to t 5e e''ect, 'orei$n Au%$ement must c&e r&) s"o( t" t t"e o##osin$ # rt) " s been $i+en m#&e o##ortunit) to %o so un%er t"e Bu&es o' Ci+e& Proce%ure. 9ccorin$&), t"e res#on%ent ( s not $i+en t"e o##ortunit) to c" &&en$e t"e Au%$ement o' t"e 0erm n Court, t"ere'ore, &e$ & e''ects o' %i+orce must be %etermine% in our courts. !"e court "e&% t" t t"e tri & court " s Auris%iction o+er t"e issue bet(een t"e # rties s to ("o " s # rent & custo%). 6,MAN RELATIONS (ARTICLES 17-%)) ARTICLE 17-22 TITLE: N(88 6 -e" Man("a vs. Re$es CITATION: GR No. 154259, February 28, 2005 9ACTS: Petitioners Ni55o 3ote& 7 ni& n% Bub) Lim ss i&e% t"e %ecision o' t"e Court o' 9##e &s in re+ersin$ t"e %ecision o' B!C o' ;uezon Cit). C9 "e&% #etitioner &i b&e 'or % m $es to Boberto Be)es 5 -9m n$ =is ) ., n entert inment rtist. !"ere re t(o +ersions o' t"e stor): 7r. Be)es: /n t"e e+e o' /ctober 13, 1998, 7r. Be)es ("i&e " +in$ co''ee t t"e &obb) o' Ni55o 3ote& ( s ##ro c"e% b) Dr. Eio&et Fi& rt, 'rien% se+er & )e rs b c5. 9ccor%in$ to 7r. Be)es, Dr. Fi& rt in+ite% "im to Aoin birt"% ) # rt) t t"e #ent"ouse 'or t"e "ote&,s 'ormer 0ener & 7 n $er, 7r. !suruo5 . P& inti'' $ree% s Dr. Fi& rt $ree% to +ouc" 'or "im

n% c rrie% b s5et o' 'ruits, t"e & tter,s $i't. 3e 3e &ine% u# t t"e bu''et t b&e s soon s it ( s re %) but to "is $re t s"oc5, s" me n% emb rr ssment, Bub) Lim, 3ote&,s ?4ecuti+e :ecret r), s5e% "im to &e +e in &ou% +oice enou$" to be "e r% b) t"e #eo#&e roun% t"em. 3e ( s s5e% to &e +e t"e # rt) n% 7 5 ti #o&icem n ccom# nie% "im to ste#-out t"e "ote&. 9&& t"ese time, Dr Fi& rt i$nore% "im %%in$ to "is s" me n% "umi&i tion. 7s. Bub) Lim: :"e %mitte% s5in$ 7r. Be)es to &e +e t"e # rt) but not in t"e m nner c& ime% b) t"e #& inti''. 7s. Lim ##ro c"e% se+er & #eo#&e inc&u%in$ Dr. Fi& rt,s sister, 7s. Fen i% Fruto, i' Dr. Fi& rt %i% in+ite "im s t"e c #t in ( iter to&% 7s. Lim t" t 7r. Be)es ( s (it" Dr. Fi& rt,s $rou#. :"e ( sn,t b&e to s5 it #erson &&) (it" Dr. Fi& rt since t"e & tter ( s t &5in$ o+er t"e #"one n% %oesn,t ( nt to interru#t "er. :"e s5e% 7r. Be)es to &e +e bec use t"e ce&ebr nt s#eci'ic &&) or%ere% t" t t"e # rt) s"ou&% be intim te consistin$ on&) o' t"ose ("o # rt o' t"e &ist. :"e e+en s5e% #o&ite&) (it" t"e #& inti'' to 'inis" "is 'oo% t"en &e +e t"e # rt). Durin$ t"e #& inti'',s cross-e4 min tion, "e ( s s5e% "o( c&ose ( s 7s. Lim ("en s"e ##ro c"e% "im t t"e bu''et t b&e. 7r. Be)es ns(ere% -+er) c&ose bec use (e ne r&) 5isse% e c" ot"er.. Consi%erin$ t"e c&ose #ro4imit), it ( s 7s. Lim,s intention to re& ) t"e re*uest on&) be "e r% b) "im. 1t ( s 7r. Be)es ("o m %e scene c usin$ e+er)bo%) to 5no( (" t " ##ene%. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not #etitioners cte% busi+e&) in s5in$ 7r. Be)es to &e +e t"e # rt). 6ELD: :u#reme Court "e&% t" t #etitioners %i% not ct busi+e&) in s5in$ 7r. Be)es to &e +e t"e # rt). P& inti'' ' i&e% to est b&is" n) #roo' o' i&&-moti+e on t"e # rt o' 7s. Lim ("o %i% && t"e necess r) #rec utions to ensure t" t 7r. Be)es (i&& not be "umi&i te% in re*uestin$ "im to &e +e t"e # rt). Consi%erin$ &most 2< )e rs o' e4#erience in t"e "ote& in%ustr), 7s. Lim is e4#erience% enou$" to 5no( "o( to " n%&e suc" m tters. 3ence, #etitioners (i&& not be "e&% &i b&e 'or % m $es brou$"t un%er 9rtic&e 19 n% 2< o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e. TITLE: S!s. #u(su12(n4 vs. MERALCO CITATION: GR No. 142943, Apr ! 3, 2002 9ACTS: !"e #& inti'', s#ouses 9ntonio n% Lorn ;uisumbin$ re t"e o(ners o' "ouse &oc te% t G98 0reenme %o(s 9+enue, ;uezon Cit). 9roun% 997 on 7 rc" 3, 1995, %e'en% nt,s ins#ectors "e %e% b) ?mm nue& C. /r&ino (ere ssi$ne% to con%uct routine on t"e s#ot ins#ection o' && sin$&e #" se meters t t"e "ouse n% obser+e% s st n% r% o#er tin$ #roce%ure to s5 #ermission n% ( s $r nte% b) t"e #& inti'',s secret r). 9'ter t"e ins#ection, it ( s 'oun% t" t t"e meter " % been t m#ere% (it". !"e resu&t ( s re& )e% to t"e secret r) ("o con+e)e% t"e in'orm tion to t"e o(ners o' t"e "ouse. !"e ins#ectors %+ise% t" t t"e meter be brou$"t in t"eir & bor tor) 'or 'urt"er +eri'ic tions. 1n t"e e+ent t" t t"e meter ( s in%ee% t m#ere%, %e'en% nt " % to tem#or ri&) %isconnect t"e e&ectric ser+ices o' t"e cou#&e. 9'ter n "our, ins#ectors returne% n% in'orme% t"e 'in%in$s o' t"e & bor tor) n% s5e% t"e cou#&e t" t un&ess t"e) # ) t"e mount o' P168,865.<1 re#resentin$ t"e %i''erenti & bi&& t"eir e&ectric su##&) (i&& be %isconnecte%. !"e #& inti'' 'i&e% com#& int 'or % m $es (it" #r )er 'or t"e issu nce o' (rit o' #re&imin r) inAunction %es#ite t"e imme%i te reconnection. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not 7?B9LC/ cte% m &icious&) n% m &e+o&ent m nner %one (it"out

%ue #rocess, & c5 o' re$ r% 'or ;>1:>7=1N0,s ri$"ts, 'ee&in$s, soci & n% business re#ut tion n% t"ere'ore "e&% t"em ccount b&e n% #& inti'' be entit&e% 'or % m $es. 6ELD: :u#reme Court # rt&) $r nte% t"e #etition n% or%ere% #& inti'' to # ) res#on%ent t"e bi&&in$ %i''erenti & o' P193,332.96 ("i&e & tter is or%ere% to # ) #etitioners mor & n% e4em#& r) % m $es inc&u%in$ ttorne),s 'ees. 7or & % m $es m ) be reco+ere% ("en ri$"ts o' in%i+i%u &s inc&u%in$ ri$"t $ inst t"e %e#ri+ tion o' #ro#ert) (it"out %ue #rocess o' & ( re +io& te%. ?4em#& r) % m $es on t"e ot"er " n% re im#ose% b) ( ) o' e4 m#&e or correction 'or #ub&ic. :C reco$nize% t"e e''ort o' 7?B9LC/ in #re+entin$ i&&e$ & use o' e&ectricit). 3o(e+er, n) ction must be %one in strict obser+ nce o' t"e ri$"ts o' t"e #eo#&e. ->n%er t"e & (, t"e 7 ni& ?&ectric Com# n) H7er &coI m ) immediately %isconnect e&ectric ser+ice on t"e $roun% o' &&e$e% meter t m#erin$, but on&) i' t"e %isco+er) o' t"e c use is #erson &&) (itnesse% n% tteste% to b) n o''icer o' t"e & ( or b) %u&) ut"orize% re#resent ti+e o' t"e ?ner$) Be$u& tor) =o r%.. Durin$ t"e ins#ection, no $o+ernment o''ici & or ?B= re#resent ti+e ( s #resent. Petitioner,s c& im 'or ctu & % m $es ( s not $r nte% 'or ' i&ure to su##&) #roo' n% ( s #remise% on&) u#on Lorn ,s testimon). !"ese re com#ens tion 'or n inAur) t" t (i&& #ut t"e inAure #osition ("ere it ( s be'ore it ( s inAure%. &as3e1 S3 8a- 0a8s3 vs C ur- ; A!!ea"s 219 scr 115 Article 21 of the Civil Code !"is is n ##e & b) certior ri. /n /ctober 26, 1986, (it"out t"e ssist nce o' counse&, #ri+ te res#on%ent 'i&e% (it" t"e 'ores i% tri & court com#& int 'or % m $es $ inst #etitioner 'or t"e &&e$e% +io& tion o' t"eir $reement to $et m rrie%. :"e &&e$es in s i% com#& int t" t s"e is 2< )e rs o&%, sin$&e, Fi&i#ino n% #rett) & ss o' $oo% mor & c" r cter n% re#ut tion %u&) res#ecte% in "er countr)D ot"er #etitioner, on t"e ot"er " n%, is n 1r ni n citizen resi%in$ t Loz no 9# rtments, 0ui&i$, D $u# n Cit), n% is n e4c" n$e stu%ent, be'ore 9u$ust 2<, 1986 t"e & tter courte% n% #ro#ose% to m rr) "er, s"e cce#te% "is &o+e on t"e con%ition t" t t"e) $et m rrie%D t"e) t"ere'ore $ree% to $et m rrie%. !"e #etitioner 'orce% "er to &i+e (it" "im in t"e Loz no # rtments. :"e ( s +ir$in t t" t timeD 'ter (ee5 be'ore t"e 'i&in$ o' com#& int, #etitioner,s ttitu%e to( r%s "er st rte% to c" n$e. 3e m &tre te% n% t"re tene% to 5i&& "erD s resu&t o' t"e com#& int. Petitioner re#u%i te% t"e m rri $e $reement n% s5e% "er not to &i+e (it" "im n)more n% t" t t"e #etitioner is &re %) m rrie% to someone in = co&o% Cit). Pri+ te res#on%ent t"en #r )e% 'or Au%$ment or%erin$ #etitioner to # ) "er % m $es. /n t"e ot"er " n%, #etitioner c& ime% t" t "e ne+er #ro#ose% m rri $e to or $ree% to be m rrie% (it" t"e #ri+ te res#on%ent n% %enie% && &&e$ tions $ inst "im. 9'ter tri & on t"e merits, t"e &o(er court or%ere% #etitioner to # ) t"e #ri+ te res#on%ent % m $es. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not 9rtic&e 21 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e ##&ies to t"e c se t b r. 6ELD: !"e e4istin$ ru&e is t" t bre c" o' #romise to m rr) #er se is not n ction b&e (ron$. Not(it"st n%in$, 9rtic&e 21, ("ic" is %esi$ne% to e4# n% t"e conce#ts o' torts n%

*u si-%e&icts in t"is Auris%iction b) $r ntin$ %e*u te &e$ & reme%) 'or t"e unto&% number o' mor & (ron$s ("ic" is im#ossib&e 'or "um n 'oresi$"t to s#eci'ic &&) enumer te n% #unis" in t"e st tute boo5s. 9rtic&e 2166 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e, ("ic" %e'ines *u si-%e&icts t"us: -2"oe+er b) ct or omission c uses % m $e to not"er, t"ere bein$ ' u&t or ne$&i$ence, is ob&i$e% to # ) 'or t"e % m $e %one. :uc" ' u&t or ne$&i$ence, i' t"ere is no #re-e4istin$ contr ctu & re& tion bet(een t"e # rties, is c &&e% *u si-%e&ict n% is $o+erne% b) t"e #ro+isions o' t"is C" #ter.. 1n t"e &i$"t o' t"e bo+e & u% b&e #ur#ose o' 9rtic&e 21, t"e court "e&% t" t ("ere m n,s #romise to m rr) in ' ct t"e #ro4im te c use o' t"e cce#t nce o' "is &o+e b) (om n n% "is re#resent tion to 'u&'i&& t" t #romise t"ere 'ter becomes t"e #ro4im te c use o' t"e $i+in$ o' "erse&' unto "im in se4u & con$ress, #roo' t" t "e " %, in re &it), no intention o' m rr)in$ "er n% t" t t"e #romise ( s on&) subt&e sc"eme or %ece#ti+e %e+ice to entice or in+ei$&e "er to cce#t "im n% obt in "er consent to se4u & ct cou&% Austi') t"e ( r% o' % m $es #ursu nt to 9rtic&e 21 not bec use o' suc" bre c" o' #romise o' m rri $e but bec use o' t"e 'r u% n% %eceit be"in% it, n% t"e (i&&'u& inAur) to "er "onor n% re#ut tion ("ic" 'o&&o(e% t"ere 'ter. 1t is essenti & "o(e+er, t" t suc" inAur) s"ou&% " +e been committe% in m nner contr r) to mor &s, $oo% customs, or #ub&ic #o&ic). C9:? D10?:! /N &LO0E MAC<AY V. CA J166 : 668 H1989IK - 2"i&e n em#&o)er " s t"e ri$"t to %ismiss n em#&o)ee ("o ( s in+o&+e% in nom &ous tr ns ctions, t"e ri$"t o' %ismiss & s"ou&% not be e4ercise% in n busi+e m nner, suc" s b) m 5in$ ccus tions o' bein$ croo5, 'orcin$ "im to t 5e 'orce% &e +e, t"re tLenin$ to 'i&e "un%re% suits $ inst "im. 3ence, t"e em#&o)er is &i b&e 'or % m $es. 9rt. 21 ( s %o#te% to reme%) t"e count&ess $ #s in t"e st tutes, ("ic" &e +e so m n) +ictims o' mor & (ron$s "e&#&ess, e+en t"ou$" t"e) " +e ctu &&) su''ere% m teri & n% mor & inAur). !"is rtic&e s"ou&% +ouc"s 'e %e*u te &e$ & reme%) 'or t" t unto&% number o' mor & (ron$s ("ic" it is im#ossib&e 'or "um n 'oresi$"t to #ro+i%e 'or s#eci'ic &&) in t"e st tutes. ,n(vers(-$ ; -3e Eas- vs =ader 327 scra 804 Article 19 of the Civil Code Petitioner ( s enro&&e% in t"e %e'en% nt,s Co&&e$e o' L (. 3e ' i&e% to t 5e t"e re$u& r e4 min tion in Pr ctice Court 1 'or ("ic" "e ( s $i+en n incom#&ete $r %e. 3e enro&&e% 'or t"e secon% semester s 'ourt" )e r stu%ent, n% 'i&e% n ##&ic tion 'or t"e remo+ & o' t"e incom#&ete $r %e ("ic" ( s ##ro+e% b) t"e De n. 1n t"e me ntime, t"e ' cu&t) members n% t"e De n met to %e&iber te ("o mon$ t"e 'ourt" )e r stu%ents s"ou&% be &&o(e% to $r %u te. !"e #& inti'',s n me ##e re% on t"e tent ti+e &ist, "e &so tten%e% t"e in+estiture ceremonies to ("ic" "e ten%ere% b&o(out 'ter( r%s. 3e t"ere 'ter #re# re% "imse&' 'or t"e b r e4 min tion n% too5 re+ie( c& sses. 3o(e+er, "e ( s not b&e to t 5e t"e b r e4 min tion bec use "is c %emic re*uirements is not com#&ete. Conse*uent&), res#on%ent sue% #etitioner 'or % m $es &&e$in$ t" t "e su''ere% mor & s"oc5 besmirc"e% re#ut tion, (oun%e% 'ee&in$s, s&ee#&ess ni$"ts, ("en "e ( s not b&e to t 5e t"e 1988 b r e4 min tions risin$ 'rom t"e & tter,s ne$&i$ence. 3e #r )e% 'or n ( r% o' mor & % m $es, unre &ize% income, ttorne),s 'ees n% cost o' suit.

ISS,E: 2"et"er or not n e%uc tion & institution be "e&% &i b&e 'or % m $es 'or mis&e %in$ stu%ent into be&ie+in$ t" t t"e & tter " % s tis'ie% && t"e re*uirements 'or $r %u tion ("en suc" is not t"e c se. 6ELD: !"e :u#reme Court "e&% t" t >? is &i b&e 'or % m $es. 1t is t"e contr ctu & ob&i$ tion o' t"e sc"oo& to time&) in'orm n% 'urnis" su''icient notice n% in'orm tion to e c" n% e+er) stu%ent s to ("ere "e or s"e " % &re %) com#&ie% (it" t"e entire re*uirement 'or t"e con'erment o' %e$ree or ("et"er t"e) s"ou&% be inc&u%e% mon$ t"ose ("o (i&& $r %u te. !"e sc"oo& c nnot be s i% to " +e cte% in $oo% ' it". 9bsence o' $oo% ' it" must be su''icient&) est b&is"e% 'or success'u& #rosecution b) t"e $$rie+e% # rt) in suit 'or buse o' ri$"t un%er 9rtic&e 19 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e. Pe e- a" vs Pe+ / SCRA 2.. De'en% nt is m rrie% M se# r te% n% corre& ti+e o' t"e #& inti'' unm rrie% (om n, 28 )e rs o' $e. De'en% nt 're*uent&) +isite% t"e $ir&,s "ouse on t"e #rete4t o' te c"in$ "er "o( to #r ) t"e ros r). !"e) 'e&& in &o+e n% " % c& n%estine trust unti& t"e) %is ##e re%. 3e&%: No conc&usion c n be %r (n 'rom t"e ' ct t" t %e'en% nt, not on&) %e&iber te&), but t"ru c&e+er str te$), succee%e% in (innin$ t"e ''ection n% &o+e to t"e (om n to t"e e4tent o' " +in$ i&&icit re& tions (it" "er. !"e (ron$ c use% to "er n% "er ' mi&) is contr r) to mor &s etc s contem#& te% in 9rt 21. ARTICLE 2) Ten'3ave5 vs Es'a> 5 Phil 355 Torts and Dama es ! "hen #ia$ility for %&asi Delict Arises ! 'nfo&nded (&it 1n Febru r) 1988, !enc" +ez n% ?sc No secret&) m rrie% e c" ot"er n% o' course (it"out t"e 5no(&e%$e o' ?sc No,s # rents ("o (ere o' #rominent soci & st tus. !"e m rri $e ( s ce&ebr te% b) mi&it r) c" #& in. 2"en ?sc No,s # rents &e rne% o' t"is, t"e) insiste% c"urc" (e%%in$ to be "e&% but ?sc No (it"%re( 'rom " +in$ rece&ebr tion bec use s"e "e r% t" t !enc" +ez ( s " +in$ n '' ir (it" not"er (om n. ?+entu &&), t"eir re& tions"i# (ent sourD 2 )e rs & ter, ?sc No (ent to t"e >: ("ere s"e c*uire% %ecree o' bso&ute %i+orce n% s"e subse*uent&) bec me n 9meric n citizen n% &so m rrie% n 9meric n. 1n 1955, !enc" +ez initi te% c se 'or &e$ & se# r tion n% 'urt"er &&e$e% t" t ?sc No,s # rents %issu %e% t"eir % u$"ter to $o bro % n% c usin$ "er to be estr n$e% 'rom "im "ence "e,s s5in$ 'or % m $es in t"e mount o' P1,<<<,<<<.<<. !"e &o(er court %i% not $r nt t"e &e$ & se# r tion bein$ sou$"t 'or n% t t"e s me time ( r%e% P85,<<<.<< (ort" o' counterc& im b) t"e ?sc Nos. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not % m $es s"ou&% be ( r%e% to eit"er # rt) in t"e c se t b r

6ELD: @es. /n t"e # rt o' !enc" +ez: 3is m rri $e (it" ?sc No ( s secret one n% t"e ' i&ure o' s i% m rri $e %i% not resu&t to #ub&ic "umi&i tionD t" t t"e) ne+er &i+e% to$et"er n% "e e+en consente% to nnu&&in$ t"e m rri $e e r&ier Hbec use ?sc No 'i&e% 'or nnu&ment be'ore s"e &e't 'or t"e >: but t"e s me ( s %ismisse% %ue to "er non- ##e r nce in courtID t" t "e ' i&e% to #ro+e t" t ?sc No,s # rents %issu %e% t"eir % u$"ter to &e +e !enc" +ez n% s suc" "is P1,<<<,<<<.<< c& im c nnot be ( r%e%. 3/2?E?B, b) re son o' t"e ' ct t" t ?sc No &e't (it"out t"e 5no(&e%$e o' !enc" +ez n% bein$ b&e to c*uire %i+orce %ecreeD n% !enc" +ez bein$ un b&e to rem rr), t"e :C ( r%e% P25,<<<.<< on&) b) ( ) o' mor & % m $es n% ttorne),s 'ees to be # i% b) ?sc No n% not "er # rents. /n t"e # rt o' ?sc No,s # rents: 1t is true t" t t"e P1,<<<,<<<.<< 'or % m $es suit b) !enc" +ez $ inst t"e ?sc Nos is un'oun%e% n% t"e s me must " +e (oun%e% t"eir 'ee&in$s n% c use% t"em n4iet), t"e s me cou&% in no ( ) " +e serious&) inAure% t"eir re#ut tion, or ot"er(ise #reAu%ice% t"em, & (suits " +in$ become common occurrence in #resent societ). 2" t is im#ort nt, n% " s been correct&) est b&is"e% in t"e %ecision o' t"e court be&o(, is t" t t"e) (ere not $ui&t) o' n) im#ro#er con%uct in t"e ("o&e %e#&or b&e '' ir. !"e :C re%uce% t"e % m $es ( r%e% 'rom P85,<<<.<< to P5,<<<.<< on&). TITLE: S-. L u(s Rea"-$ C r!. vs. CA CITATION: 133 "CRA 1#9 9ACTS: Dr. Conr %o 9r mi&, neuro#s)c"i trist n% member o' t"e ' cu&t) o' >? B mon 7 $s )s ) 7e%ic & Center, see5 to reco+er % m $e 'or (ron$'u& %+ertisement in t"e :un% ) !imes ("ere :t Louis Be &t) Cor#. misre#resente% "is "ouse (it" 7r. 9rc %io. :t. Louis #ub&is"e% n % on December 15, 1968 (it" t"e "e %in$ -("ere t"e "e rt is.. !"is ( s re#ub&is"e% on J nu r) 5, 1969. 1n t"e %+ertisement, t"e "ouse 'e ture% ( s Dr 9r mi&,s "ouse n% not 7r. 9rc %io (it" ("om t"e com# n) s5e% #ermission n% t"e inten%e% "ouse to be #ub&is"e%. 9'ter Dr 9r mi& notice% t"e mist 5e, "e (rote &etter to :t. Louis %em n%in$ n e4#& n tion 1 (ee5 'ter suc" recei#t. No recti'ic tion or #o&o$) ( s #ub&is"e% %es#ite t" t it ( s recei+e% b) ?rnesto 7 $toto, t"e o''icer in c" r$e o' t"e %+ertisement. !"is #rom#te% Dr. 9r mi&,s counse& to %em n% ctu &, mor & n% e4em#& r) % m $es. /n 7 rc" 18, 1969, :t Louis #ub&is"e% n % no( (it" 7r. 9rc %io,s re & "ouse but not"in$ on t"e #o&o$) or e4#& n tion o' t"e error. Dr 9r mi& 'i&e% com#& int 'or % m $es on 7 rc" 29. Durin$ t"e 9#ri& 15 %, t"e notice o' recti'ic tion ( s #ub&is"e%. ISS,E: 2"et"er :t. Louis is &i b&e to # ) % m $es to Dr. 9r mi&. 6ELD:

:t Louis ( s $ross&) ne$&i$ent in mi4in$ u# resi%ences in (i%e&) circu& te% #ub&ic tion. Furt"ermore, it ne+er m %e n) (ritten #o&o$) n% e4#& n tion o' t"e mi4-u#. 1t Aust contente% itse&' (it" c + &ier Orecti'ic tion O. !"e tri & court ( r%e% 9r mi& P8,<<< s ctu & % m $es, P2<,<<< s mor & % m $es n% P2,<<< s ttorne)Ps 'ees. 2"en :t. Louis Be &t) ##e &e% to t"e Court o' 9##e &s, C9 ''irme% t"e Au%$ement 'or t"e re son t" t -:t. Louis Be &t) committe% n ction b&e *u si%e&ict un%er rtic&es 21 n% 26 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e bec use t"e *uestione% %+ertisements #icture% be uti'u& "ouse ("ic" %i% not be&on$ to 9rc %io but to Doctor 9r mi& ("o, n tur &&), ( s nno)e% b) t" t contretem#s.. 23?B?F/B?, t"e Au%$ment o' t"e 9##e&& te Court is ''irme%. Costs $ inst t"e #etitioner.

Court %ismisse% t"e com#& int, C rmen men%e% it but t"e tri & court %is &&o(e% it. Issue: 2"et"er or not, t"e CF1 erre% in %ismissin$ C rmen,s com#& int. 6e"d: @es. 9 concei+e% c"i&%, &t"ou$" s )et unborn is $i+en b) & ( #ro+ision & #erson &it) o' its o(n 'or && #ur#oses ' +or b&e to it. &EL,A vs. CO,RT O9 APPEALS 2 SCRA 8.1

ARTICLE %) $o%a&o '( Lu%a 1)0 scra 441 Pre*&dicial %&estion Leoni&o C. Don to ( s m rrie% to Bos &in% 7 &u#i$ n% (it"out suc" m rri $e " +in$ been &e$ &&) %isso&+e%D "e contr cte% secon% m rri $e (it" P z 9b ) n. F cin$ bi$ m) c" r$es b) t"e & tter, #etitioner &&e$e% 'orce, intimi% tion n% un%ue in'&uence em#&o)e% b) P z ("ic" 'orce% "im into m rri $e. 9 com#& int o' nnu&ment o' t"e secon% m rri $e ( s institute% on t"e $roun% t" t "er consent ( s obt ine% t"rou$" %eceit. 3e is r isin$ t"e issue o' #reAu%ici & *uestion. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e ction to nnu& t"e secon% m rri $e is #reAu%ici & *uestion to t"e #rosecution 'or bi$ m). 6ELD: !"e court +erre% t" t t"e re*uisites o' #reAu%ici & *uestion %o not obt in in t"e c se t b r. !"e nu&&it) o' t"e secon% m rri $e is not %etermin ti+e o' #etitioner Don to,s $ui&t or innocence in t"e crime o' bi$ m). CIVIL PERSONALITY (ARTICLES %?-@?) ARTICLE %?-@1 #u(1(4u(n4 vs. I'a %@ SCRA 1%2 9a'-s: C rmen ;uimi$uin$, stu%ent, n% Fe&i4 1c o, m rrie%, (ere nei$"bors. !"e) " % c rn & intercourse se+er & times unti& C rmen bec me #re$n nt. 9ssiste% b) "er # rents, s"e 'i&e% c& im 'or su##ort t P12<Qmont" #&us % m $es. 1c o 'i&e% motion to %ismiss 'or & c5 o' c use o' ction since t"e c"i&% is )et unborn. !"e !ri & 9a'-s: Nit Ei&& nue+ c me to 5no( 0e&uz in 1988 t"rou$" "er unt. 1n 195<, Nit bec me #re$n nt b) "er t"en bo)'rien% no( "usb n% but s"e " % b b) borte%. 9'ter $ettin$ #re$n nt, 'ter t"eir m rri $e, s"e $ in borte% t"e 'etus bec use o' (or5. Less t" n 2 )e rs & ter, s"e bec me #re$n nt n% borte% it $ in. 1t is t"is & st bortion t" t is t"e b sis o' t"is ction. Issue: 2"et"er or not, t"e "usb n% o' (om n, ("o +o&unt ri&) #rocure% "er bortion, cou&% reco+er % m $es 'rom #")sici n ("o c use% t"e s me. 6e"d: !"e &o(er court erre% in ( r%in$ % m $es. !"e 'etus is not en%o(e% (it" #erson &it) s re*uire% b) t"e & (. P rents o' unborn 'etus c nnot sue 'or % m $es on its be" &'. 9 "usb n% o' (om n ("o +o&unt r) borte% c"i&% c nnot reco+er % m $es 'rom t"e bortionist since % m $es must be in'&icte% u#on t"e # rents so s to co&&ect % m $es t &&. :imi& r&), n ction 'or #ecuni r) % m $es on ccount o' #erson & inAur) or %e t". Pert ins #rim ri&) to t"e inAure%. DE =ES,S vs. SY#,IA /8 P3(" 8)) 9a'-s: /ut o' morous re& tions, b b) ( s be$otten b) Ces r :)*ui (it" 9ntoni %e Jesus. Durin$ t"e #re$n nc), Ces r (rote #riest to n me t"e b b) 'ter "im 'or it ( s "is. :)*ui too5 t"em to "ouse ("ere t"e) &i+e% in re$u& r ' mi&) st)&e, unti& 9ntoni " % "er secon% #re$n nc) n% :)*ui &e't n% m rrie% not"er (om n. :)*ui %iso(nin$ t"e c"i&% sto##e%

$i+in$ su##ort. !"us 9ntoni 'i&e% t"is c se to Com#e& :)*ui to c5no(&e%$e t"e c"i&% usin$ t"e &etters (ritten b) "im s e+i%ence. Issue: 2"et"er or not &etters re su''icient to #ro+e c5no(&e%$ement o' # ternit). 6e"d: @es, t"e (or%s o' reco$nition -Aunior., cont ine% in t"e note re'er to b b) t"en concei+e% ( s e4#ecte% to be born in June. 9&t"ou$" t"e c"i&% ( s $i+en n me o' 1sm e& Lo nco inste % o' Ces r :)*ui Jr., "is i%entit) s t"e c"i&% ("o :)*ui inten%e% to c5no(&e%$e is c&e r. ARTICLE @% LIM=OCO vs. INTESTATE O9 9RA&RANTE 9a'-s: Pe%ro /. Fr $r nte ##&ie% 'or certi'ic te o' #ub&ic con+enience to inst &&, m int in, n% o#er te n ice #& nt in : n Ju n, Biz &, ("ere t"e Pub&ic :er+ice Commission "e&% t" t t"e #ub&ic interest n con+enience (i&& be #rom#te% in #ro#er n% suit b&e m nner. b) ut"orizin$ t"e o#er tion n% m inten nce o' not"er ice #& nt o' t(o n% one-" &' tons in t"e munici# &it) o' : n Ju n, t" t t"e ori$in & ##&ic nt Fr $n nte ( s Fi&i#ino citizen t t"e time o' "is %e t"D n% t" t "is intest te est te is 'in nci &&) c # b&e o' m int inin$ t"e #ro#ose% ser+ice. !"e commission issue% certi'ic te o' #ub&ic con+enience to 1ntest te ?st te o' t"e %ece se% Fr $n nte, ut"orizin$ s i% 1ntest te ?st te t"rou$" its s#eci & or Ju%ici & 9%ministr tor, ##ointe% b) t"e #ro#er court o' com#etent Auris%iction, to m int in n% o#er te s i% #& nt. Petitioners c& im t" t t"e $r ntin$ o' certi'ic te ##&ie% 'or t"e est te is contr +ention o' & (. Issues: 2"et"er or not t"e est te o' Fr $n nte c n be consi%ere% s #erson (it"in t"e me nin$ o' t"e Pub&ic :er+ice 9ctC 2"et"er or not citizens"i# o' %ece%ent e4ten%e% to "is est teC 6e"d: !"e :u#reme Court "e&% t" t t"e est te o' P./.F. s"ou&% be consi%ere% n rti'ici & or Auri%ic & #erson 'or t"e #ur#ose o' t"e sett&ement n% %istribution o' "is est te ("ic", o' course, inc&u%es t"e e4ercise

%urin$ t"e Au%ici & %ministr tion o' t"ose ri$"ts n% t"e 'u&'i&&ment o' t"ose ob&i$ tions o' "is ("ic" sur+i+e% 'ter "is %e t". !"e :u#reme Court 'urt"ere% t" t i' b) &e$ & 'iction t"e #erson &it) o' P./.F is consi%ere% e4ten%e% so t" t n) %ebts or ob&i$ tions &e't b), n% sur+i+in$ ri$"ts m ) be e4ercise% 'or t"e bene'it o' "is cre%itors n% "eirs, t"ere is no soun% n% co$ent re son 'or %en)in$ t"e ##&ic tion o' t"e s me 'iction o' "is citizens"i#, n% 'or not consi%erin$ it s &i5e(ise e4ten%e% 'or t"e #ur#oses o' t"e 'ores i% un'inis"e% #rocee%in$ be'ore t"e Pub&ic :er+ice Commission. D,MLAO vs. 9AMILY PLASTIC PROD,CTS 9a'-s: /n Febru r) 28, 1962, CF1 o' P n$ sin n issue% Au%$ment or%erin$ %e'en% nts :o&i+en, /ri , L urencio, :um &b $ n% D r n$ to # ) so&i% rit) *u &it) #& stics #ro%ucts, 1nc. t"e sum o' P3666.<3 #&us t"e &e$ & r te o' interest 'rom No+ember o' 1958. >#on t"e %e'en% nts ' i&ure to # ) s i% mount, &o(er Court or%ere% u#on motion o' ;u &it) P& stics Pro%ucts, 1nc. t"e 'orec&osure o' t"e suret) bon% n% t"e s &e t #ub&ic uction t"e & n% o' Pe%ro /ri ("ic" "e " s $i+en s securit) un%er t"e bon%. /n :e#tember 28, 1962 /ri ,s & n% ( s so&% n% ( s con'irme% b) t"e &o(er court on No+ember 2<, 1962. 3o(e+er, /ri %ie% on 9#ri& 23, 1959, n% on 7 rc" 1, 1963 "eirs o' /ri sue% ;u &it) P& stics Pro%ucts, 1nc. 'or t"e nnu&ment o' Au%$ment $ inst /ri n% e4ecution $ inst "is & n%. Issue: C n /ri ,s "eirs c& im 'rom ;u &it) P& stics. 6e"d: Ju%$ment $ inst /ri ( s +oi% n% s &e o' "is & n% is &so +oi%. 3o(e+er, /ri ,s "eirs re not entit&e% to c& im 'rom t"e cor#or tion. 1t is 'or t"e re son t" t t"e cor#or tion is un ( re o' /ri ,s %e t" bec use so&i+en %i% not ##r ise t"e Court or t"e cor#or tion o' /ri ,s %emise. CITIAENS6IP AND DOMICILE MOY YA LIM YAO V. CIR1

Digest available at http://berneguerrero.com/node/119 (last accessed

1

&.R. NO. L-21287+ @ OCTO0ER 17?1 9ACTS: /n 8 Febru r) 1961, L u @uen @eun$ ##&ie% 'or # ss#ort +is to enter t"e P"i&i##ines s non-immi$r nt. 1n t"e interro$ tion m %e in connection (it" "er ##&ic tion 'or tem#or r) +isitorPs +is to enter t"e P"i&i##ines, s"e st te% t" t s"e ( s C"inese resi%in$ t Ro(&oon, 3on$5on$, n% t" t s"e %esire% to t 5e #&e sure tri# to t"e P"i&i##ines to +isit "er $re t$r n%unc&e L u C"in$ Pin$ 'or #erio% o' one mont". :"e ( s #ermitte% to come into t"e P"i&i##ines on 13 7 rc" 1961, n% ( s #ermitte% to st ) 'or #erio% o' one mont" ("ic" (ou&% e4#ire on 13 9#ri& 1961. /n t"e % te o' "er rri+ &, 9s"er @, C"en$ 'i&e% bon% in t"e mount o' P1,<<<.<< to un%ert 5e, mon$ ot"ers, t" t s i% L u @uen @eun$ (ou&% ctu &&) %e# rt 'rom t"e P"i&i##ines on or be'ore t"e e4#ir tion o' "er ut"orize% #erio% o' st ) in t"is countr) or (it"in t"e #erio% s in "is %iscretion t"e Commissioner o' 1mmi$r tion or "is ut"orize% re#resent ti+e mi$"t #ro#er&) &&o(. 9'ter re#e te% e4tensions, L u @uen @eun$ ( s &&o(e% to st ) in t"e P"i&i##ines u# to 13 Febru r) 1962. /n 25 J nu r) 1962, s"e contr cte% m rri $e (it" 7o) @ Lim @ o &i s ?%i&berto 9$uin &%o Lim n &&e$e% Fi&i#ino citizen. =ec use o' t"e contem#& te% ction o' t"e Commissioner o' 1mmi$r tion to con'isc te "er bon% n% or%er "er rrest n% imme%i te %e#ort tion, 'ter t"e e4#ir tion o' "er ut"orize% st ), s"e brou$"t n ction 'or inAunction (it" #re&imin r) inAunction. 9t t"e "e rin$ ("ic" too5 #& ce one n% " &' )e rs 'ter "er rri+ &, it ( s %mitte% t" t L u @uen @eun$ cou&% not (rite eit"er ?n$&is" or ! $ &o$. ?4ce#t 'or 'e( (or%s, s"e cou&% not s#e 5 eit"er ?n$&is" or ! $ &o$. :"e cou&% not n me n) Fi&i#ino nei$"bor, (it" Fi&i#ino n me e4ce#t one, Bos . :"e %i% not 5no( t"e n mes o' "er brot"ersin-& (, or sisters-in-& (. !"e Court o' First 1nst nce o' 7 ni& HCi+i& C se 896<5I %enie% t"e #r )er 'or #re&imin r) inAunction. 7o) Lim @ o n% L u @uen @eun$ ##e &e%. ISS,E: 2"et"er L u @uen @eun$ i#so ' cto bec me Fi&i#ino citizen. Fi&i#ino citizen u#on "er m rri $e to

%ec& re% to " +e become Fi&i#ino citizen 'rom n% b) +irtue o' "er m rri $e to 7o) @ Lim @ o & s ?%i&berto 9$uin &%o Lim, Fi&i#ino citizen o' 25 J nu r) 1962. 9RIVALDO vs. COMELEC 9ACTS: Ju n 0. Fri+ &%o ( s #roc& ime% $o+ernor-e&ect o' t"e #ro+ince o' :orso$on on 22 J nu r) 1988, n% ssume% o''ice in %ue time. /n 26 /ctober 1988, t"e &e $ue o' 7unici# &ities, :orso$on C" #ter re#resente% b) its Presi%ent, : &+ %or ?stu)e, ("o ( s &so suin$ in "is #erson & c # cit), 'i&e% (it" t"e Come&ec #etition 'or t"e nnu&ment o' Fri+ &%o,s e&ection n% #roc& m tion on t"e $roun% t" t "e ( s not Fi&i#ino citizen, " +in$ been n tur &ize% in t"e >nite% :t tes on 2< J nu r) 1983. Fri+ &%o %mitte% t" t "e ( s n tur &ize% in t"e >nite% :t tes s &&e$e% but #&e %e% t"e s#eci & n% ''irm ti+e %e'enses t" t "e " % sou$"t 9meric n citizens"i# on&) to #rotect "imse&' $ inst Presi%ent 7 rcos. 3is n tur &iz tion, "e s i%, ( s -mere&) 'orce% u#on "imse&' s me ns o' sur+i+ & $ inst t"e unre&entin$ #ersecution b) t"e 7 rti & L ( Dict tor,s $ents bro %.. 3e &so r$ue% t" t t"e c" &&en$e to "is tit&e s"ou&% be %ismisse%, bein$ in re &it) *uo ( rr nto #etition t" t s"ou&% " +e been 'i&e% (it"in 1< % )s 'rom "is #roc& m tion, in ccor% nce (it" :ection 253 o' t"e /m"ibus ?&ection Co%e. ISS,E: 2"et"er Ju n 0. Fri+ &%o ( s citizen o' t"e P"i&i##ines t t"e time o' "is e&ection on 18 J nu r) 1988, s #ro+inci & $o+ernor o' :orso$onC 6ELD: !"e Commission on ?&ections " s t"e #rim r) Auris%iction o+er t"e *uestion s t"e so&e Au%$e o' && contests re& tin$ to t"e e&ection, returns n% *u &i'ic tions o' t"e members o' t"e Con$ress n% e&ecti+e #ro+inci & n% cit) o''ici &s. 3o(e+er, t"e %ecision on Fri+ &%o,s citizens"i# " s &re %) been m %e b) t"e C/7?L?C t"rou$" its counse&, t"e :o&icitor 0ener &, ("o c te$oric &&) c& ims t" t Fri+ &%o is 'orei$ner. !"e :o&icitor,s st nce is ssume% to " +e bben t 5en b) "im 'ter consu&t tion (it" C/7?L?C n% (it" its ##ro+ &. 1t t"ere'ore re#resents t"e %ecision o' t"e C/7?L?C itse&' t" t t"e :u#reme Court m ) re+ie(. 1n t"e certi'ic te o' c n%i% c) 'i&e% on 19 No+ember 1986, Fri+ &%o %escribe% "imse&' s -n tur &-born. citizen o' t"e P"i&i##ines, omittin$ mention o' n) subse*uent &oss o' suc" st tus. !"e e+i%ence s"o(s, "o(e+er, t" t "e ( s n tur &ize% s citizen o' t"e >nite% :t tes in 1983 #er t"e certi'ic tion 'rom t"e >nite% :t tes District Court, Nort"ern District o' C &i'orni , s %u&) ut"entic te% b) Eice Consu& 9m %o P. Cortez o' t"e P"i&i##ine Consu& te 0ener & in : n Fr ncisco, C &i'orni , >.:.9. !"ere (ere m n) ot"er Fi&i#inos in t"e >nite% :t tes simi& r&) situ te% s Fri+ &%o, n% some o' t"em subAect to $re ter ris5 t" n "e, ("o %i% not 'in% it necess r) S nor %o t"e) c& im to " +e been coerce% S to b n%on t"eir c"eris"e% st tus s Fi&i#inos. :ti&&, i' "e re &&) ( nte% to %is +o( "is 9meric n citizens"i# n% re c*uire P"i&i##ine citizens"i#, Fri+ &%o s"ou&% " +e %one so in ccor% nce (it" t"e & (s o' our countr). >n%er C9 No. 63 s men%e% b) C9 No. 863 n% PD No. 625, P"i&i##ine citizens"i# m ) be re c*uire% b) %irect ct o' Con$ress, b) n tur &iz tion, or b) re# tri tion. 3e ' i&e% to t 5e suc" c te$oric & cts. B"e nom &) o' #erson sittin$ s #ro+inci & $o+ernor in t"is countr) ("i&e o(in$ e4c&usi+e &&e$i nce to not"er countr) c nnot be #ermitte%. !"e ' ct t" t "e ( s e&ecte% b) t"e #eo#&e o' :orso$on %oes not e4cuse t"is # tent +io& tion o' t"e s &ut r) ru&e &imitin$ #ub&ic o''ice n% em#&o)ment on&) to t"e citizens o' t"is countr). !"e (i&& o' t"e #eo#&e s e4#resse% t"rou$" t"e b &&ot c nnot cure t"e +ice o' ine&i$ibi&it). ;u &i'ic tions 'or

6ELD: >n%er :ection 15 o' Common(e &t" 9ct 863, n &ien (om n m rr)in$ Fi&i#ino, n ti+e born or n tur &ize%, becomes i#so ' cto Fi&i#in #ro+i%e% s"e is not %is*u &i'ie% to be citizen o' t"e P"i&i##ines un%er :ection 8 o' t"e s me & (. Li5e(ise, n &ien (om n m rrie% to n &ien ("o is subse*uent&) n tur &ize% "ere 'o&&o(s t"e P"i&i##ine citizens"i# o' "er "usb n% t"e moment "e t 5es "is o t" s Fi&i#ino citizen, #ro+i%e% t" t s"e %oes not su''er 'rom n) o' t"e %is*u &i'ic tions un%er s i% :ection 8. 2"et"er t"e &ien (om n re*uires to un%er$o t"e n tur &iz tion #rocee%in$s, :ection 15 is # r &&e& #ro+ision to :ection 16. !"us, i' t"e (i%o( o' n ##&ic nt 'or n tur &iz tion s Fi&i#ino, ("o %ies %urin$ t"e #rocee%in$s, is not re*uire% to $o t"rou$" n tur &iz tion #rocee%in$s, in or%er to be consi%ere% s Fi&i#ino citizen "ereo', it s"ou&% 'o&&o( t" t t"e (i'e o' &i+in$ Fi&i#ino c nnot be %enie% t"e s me #ri+i&e$e. !"is is #& in common sense n% t"ere is bso&ute&) no e+i%ence t" t t"e Le$is& ture inten%e% to tre t t"em %i''erent&). 9s t"e & (s o' our countr), bot" subst nti+e n% #roce%ur &, st n% to% ), t"ere is no suc" #roce%ure H substitute 'or n tur &iz tion #rocee%in$ to en b&e t"e &ien (i'e o' P"i&i##ine citizen to " +e t"e m tter o' "er o(n citizens"i# sett&e% n% est b&is"e% so t" t s"e m ) not " +e to be c &&e% u#on to #ro+e it e+er)time s"e " s to #er'orm n ct or enter into tr ns ction or business or e4ercise ri$"t reser+e% on&) to Fi&i#inosI, but suc" is no #roo' t" t t"e citizens"i# is not +este% s o' t"e % te o' m rri $e or t"e "usb n%Ps c*uisition o' citizens"i#, s t"e c se m ) be, 'or t"e trut" is t" t t"e situ tion obt ins e+en s to n ti+e-born Fi&i#inos. ?+er)time t"e citizens"i# o' #erson is m teri & or in%is#ensib&e in Au%ici & or %ministr ti+e c se, 2" te+er t"e corres#on%in$ court or %ministr ti+e ut"orit) %eci%es t"erein s to suc" citizens"i# is $ener &&) not consi%ere% s res %Au%ic t , "ence it " s to be t"res"e% out $ in n% $ in s t"e occ sion m ) %em n%. L u @uen @eun$, ( s

September 16, 2010).

#ub&ic o''ice re continuin$ re*uirements n% must be #ossesse% not on&) t t"e time o' ##ointment or e&ection or ssum#tion o' o''ice but %urin$ t"e o''icer,s entire tenure. /nce n) o' t"e re*uire% *u &i'ic tions is &ost, "is tit&e m ) be se son b&) c" &&en$e%. Fri+ &%o is %is*u &i'ie% 'rom ser+in$ s $o+ernor o' :orso$on. R 1ua"de5-Mar' s vs. COMELEC &.R. N .1177?) Se!-e12er 18+ 177/ 9a'-s: Petitioner 1me&% Bomu &%ez-7 rcos 'i&e% "er Certi'ic te o' C n%i% c) 'or t"e #osition o' Be#resent ti+e o' t"e First District o' Le)te. Pri+ te res#on%ent Ciri&o Bo) 7onteAo, c n%i% te 'or t"e s me #osition, 'i&e% #etition 'or c nce&& tion n% %is*u &i'ic tion (it" t"e C/7?L?C &&e$in$ t" t #etitioner %i% not meet t"e constitution & re*uirement 'or resi%enc). Pri+ te res#on%ent conten%e% t" t #etitioner & c5e% t"e Constitution,s one-)e r resi%enc) re*uirement 'or c n%i% tes 'or t"e 3ouse o' Be#resent ti+es. Issue: 2"et"er or not #etitioner " s s tis'ie% t"e resi%enc) re*uirement s m n% te% b) 9rt. E1, :ec. 6 o' t"e Constitution. Ru"(n4: 23?B?F/B?, " +in$ %etermine% t" t #etitioner #ossesses t"e necess r) resi%ence *u &i'ic tions to run 'or se t in t"e 3ouse o' Be#resent ti+es in t"e First District o' Le)te, t"e C/7?L?C,s *uestione% Beso&utions % te% 9#ri& 28, 7 ) 6, 7 ) 11, n% 7 ) 25, 1995 re "ereb) :?! 9:1D?. Bes#on%ent C/7?L?C is "ereb) %irecte% to or%er t"e Pro+inci & =o r% o' C n+ ssers to #roc& im #etitioner s t"e %u&) e&ecte% Be#resent ti+e o' t"e First District o' Le)te. For e&ection #ur#oses, resi%ence is use% s)non)mous&) (it" %omici&e. !"e Court u#"e&% t"e *u &i'ic tion o' #etitioner, %es#ite "er o(n %ec& r tion in "er certi'ic te o' c n%i% c) t" t s"e " % resi%e% in t"e %istrict 'or on&) 6 mont"s, bec use o' t"e 'o&&o(in$: H I minor 'o&&o(s t"e %omici&e o' "er # rentsD ! c&ob n bec me #etitioner,s %omici&e o' ori$in b) o#er tion o' & ( ("en "er ' t"er brou$"t t"e ' mi&) to Le)teD HbI %omici&e o' ori$in is &ost on&) ("en t"ere is ctu & remo+ & or c" n$e o' %omici&e, $ona fide intention o' b n%onin$ t"e 'ormer resi%ence n% est b&is"in$ ne( one, n% cts ("ic" corres#on% (it" t"e #ur#oseD in t"e bsence o' c&e r n% #ositi+e #roo' o' t"e concurrence o' && t"ese, t"e %omici&e o' ori$in s"ou&% be %eeme% to continueD HcI t"e (i'e %oes not utom tic &&) $ in t"e "usb n%,s %omici&e bec use t"e term -resi%ence. in Ci+i& L ( %oes not me n t"e s me t"in$ in Po&itic & L (D ("en #etitioner m rrie% Presi%ent 7 rcos in 1958, s"e 5e#t "er %omici&e o' ori$in n% mere&) $ ine% ne( "ome, not domicili&m necessari&mD H%I e+en ssumin$ t" t s"e $ ine% ne( %omici&e 'ter "er m rri $e n% c*uire% t"e ri$"t to c"oose ne( one on&) 'ter "er "usb n% %ie%, "er cts 'o&&o(in$ "er return to t"e countr) c&e r&) in%ic te t" t s"e c"ose ! c&ob n, "er %omici&e o' ori$in, s "er %omici&e o' c"oice. 9AMILY CODE RE#,ISITES O9 MARRIA&E (ARTICLES 1-2)) ARTICLE 1 PTBT vs. NLRC 2#2 "CRA 59) 9ACTS: P!T! HP"i&i##ine !e&e$r #" T !e&e#"one Com# n)I initi &&) "ire% 0r ce %e 0uzm n s#eci'ic &&) s -:u#ernumer r) ProAect 2or5er., 'or 'i4e% #erio% 'rom No+ember 21, 199<

unti& 9#ri& 2<, 1991 s re&ie+er 'or C.F. !enorio ("o (ent on m ternit) &e +e. :"e ( s $ in in+ite% 'or em#&o)ment s re#& cement o' ?r&in F. Dizon ("o (ent on &e +e on 2 #erio%s, 'rom June 1<, 1991 to Ju&) 1, 1991 n% Ju&) 19, 1991 to 9u$ust 8, 1991. /n :e#tember 2, 1991, %e 0uzm n ( s $ in s5e% to Aoin P!T! s #rob tion r) em#&o)ee ("ere #rob tion r) #erio% (i&& co+er 15< % )s. :"e in%ic te% in t"e #ortion o' t"e Aob ##&ic tion 'orm un%er ci+i& st tus t" t s"e ( s sin$&e &t"ou$" s"e " % contr cte% m rri $e 'e( mont"s e r&ier. 2"en #etitioner &e rne% & ter bout t"e m rri $e, its br nc" su#er+isor, De&i 7. /'ici &, sent %e 0uzm n memor n%um re*uirin$ "er to e4#& in t"e %iscre# nc). 1nc&u%e% in t"e memor n%um, ( s remin%er bout t"e com# n),s #o&ic) o' not cce#tin$ m rrie% (omen 'or em#&o)ment. :"e ( s %ismisse% 'rom t"e com# n) e''ecti+e J nu r) 29, 1992. L bor 9rbiter " n%e% %o(n %ecision on No+ember 23, 1993 %ec& rin$ t" t #etitioner i&&e$ &&) %ismisse% De 0uzm n, ("o " % &re %) $ ine% t"e st tus o' re$u& r em#&o)ee. Furt"ermore, it ( s ## rent t" t s"e " % been %iscrimin te% on ccount o' "er " +in$ contr cte% m rri $e in +io& tion o' com# n) #o&icies. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e &&e$e% conce &ment o' ci+i& st tus c n be $roun%s to termin te t"e ser+ices o' n em#&o)ee. 6ELD: 9rtic&e 136 o' t"e L bor Co%e, one o' t"e #rotecti+e & (s 'or (omen, e4#&icit&) #ro"ibits %iscrimin tion mere&) b) re son o' m rri $e o' 'em &e em#&o)ee. 1t is reco$nize% t" t com# n) is 'ree to re$u& te m n#o(er n% em#&o)ment 'rom "irin$ to 'irin$, ccor%in$ to t"eir %iscretion n% best business Au%$ment, e4ce#t in t"ose c ses o' un& ('u& %iscrimin tion or t"ose #ro+i%e% b) & (. P!T!,s #o&ic) o' not cce#tin$ or %is*u &i')in$ 'rom (or5 n) (om n (or5er ("o contr cts m rri $e is 'ou& o' t"e ri$"t $ inst %iscrimin tion #ro+i%e% to && (omen (or5ers b) our & bor & (s n% b) our Constitution. !"e recor% %isc&oses c&e r&) t" t %e 0uzm n,s ties (it" P!T! (ere %isso&+e% #rinci# &&) bec use o' t"e com# n),s #o&ic) t" t m rrie% (omen re not *u &i'ie% 'or em#&o)ment in t"e com# n), n% not mere&) bec use o' "er su##ose% cts o' %is"onest). !"e $o+ernment b"ors n) sti#u& tion or #o&ic) in t"e n ture %o#te% b) P!T!. 9s st te% in t"e & bor co%e: -9B!. 136. :ti#u& tion $ inst m rri $e. S 1t s" && be un& ('u& 'or n em#&o)er to re*uire s con%ition o' em#&o)ment or continu tion o' em#&o)ment t" t (om n s" && not $et m rrie%, or to sti#u& te e4#ress&) or t cit&) t" t u#on $ettin$ m rrie%, (om n em#&o)ee s" && be %eeme% resi$ne% or se# r te%, or to ctu &&) %ismiss, %isc" r$e, %iscrimin te or ot"er(ise #reAu%ice (om n em#&o)ee mere&) b) re son o' m rri $e.. !"e #o&ic) o' P!T! is in %ero$ tion o' t"e #ro+isions st te% in 9rt.136 o' t"e L bor Co%e on t"e ri$"t o' (om n to be 'ree 'rom n) 5in% o' sti#u& tion $ inst m rri $e in connection (it" "er em#&o)ment n% it &i5e(ise is contr r) to $oo% mor &s n% #ub&ic #o&ic), %e#ri+in$ (om n o' "er 'ree%om to c"oose "er st tus, #ri+i&e$e t" t is in"erent in n in%i+i%u & s n int n$ib&e n% in &ien b&e ri$"t. !"e 5in% o' #o&ic) 'o&&o(e% b) P!T! stri5es t t"e +er) essence, i%e &s n% #ur#ose o' m rri $e s n in+io& b&e soci & institution n% u&tim te&), ' mi&) s t"e 'oun% tion o' t"e n tion. :uc" #o&ic) must be #ro"ibite% in && its in%irect, %is$uise% or %issemb&e% 'orms s %iscrimin tor) con%uct %ero$ tor) o' t"e & (s o' t"e & n% not on&) 'or or%er but &so im#er ti+e&) re*uire%.

ESTRADA VS. ESCRITOR C@72 SCRA 1 D AM NO P-.2-1)/1D 22 =,N 2..)E 9a'-s: ?scritor is court inter#reter since 1999 in t"e B!C o' L s Pin s Cit). :"e " s been &i+in$ (it" ;ui& #io, m n ("o is not "er "usb n%, 'or more t" n t(ent) 'i+e )e rs n% " % son (it" "im s (e&&. Bes#on%ent,s "usb n% %ie% )e r be'ore s"e entere% into t"e Au%ici r) ("i&e ;ui& #io is sti&& &e$ &&) m rrie% to not"er (om n. Com#& in nt ?str % re*ueste% t"e Ju%$e o' s i% B!C to in+esti$ te res#on%ent. 9ccor%in$ to com#& in nt, res#on%ent s"ou&% not be &&o(e% to rem in em#&o)e% t"erein 'or it (i&& ##e r s i' t"e court &&o(s suc" ct. Bes#on%ent c& ims t" t t"eir conAu$ & rr n$ement is #ermitte% b) "er re&i$ionSt"e Je"o+ ",s 2itnesses n% t"e 2 tc" !o(er n% t"e =ib&e !r ce :ociet). !"e) &&e$e%&) " +e UDec& r tion o' P&e%$in$ F it"'u&ness, un%er t"e ##ro+ & o' t"eir con$re$ tion. :uc" %ec& r tion is e''ecti+e ("en &e$ & im#e%iments ren%er it im#ossib&e 'or cou#&e to &e$ &ize t"eir union. Issue: 2"et"er or Not t"e :t te cou&% #en &ize res#on%ent 'or suc" conAu$ & rr n$ement. 6e"d: No. !"e :t te cou&% not #en &ize res#on%ent 'or s"e is e4ercisin$ "er ri$"t to 'ree%om o' re&i$ion. !"e 'ree e4ercise o' re&i$ion is s#eci'ic &&) rticu& te% s one o' t"e 'un% ment & ri$"ts in our Constitution. 9s Je''erson #ut it, it is t"e most in &ien b&e n% s cre% o' "um n ri$"ts. !"e :t te,s interest in en'orcin$ its #ro"ibition c nnot be mere&) bstr ct or s)mbo&ic in or%er to be su''icient&) com#e&&in$ to out(ei$" 'ree e4ercise c& im. 1n t"e c se t b r, t"e :t te " s not e+ince% n) concrete interest in en'orcin$ t"e concubin $e or bi$ m) c" r$es $ inst res#on%ent or "er # rtner. !"us t"e :t te,s interest on&) mounts to t"e s)mbo&ic #reser+ tion o' n unen'orce% #ro"ibition. Furt"ermore, %istinction bet(een #ub&ic n% secu& r mor &it) n% re&i$ious mor &it) s"ou&% be 5e#t in min%. !"e Auris%iction o' t"e Court e4ten%s on&) to #ub&ic n% secu& r mor &it). !"e Court 'urt"er st tes t" t our Constitution %"eres t"e bene+o&ent neutr &it) ##ro c" t" t $i+es room 'or ccommo% tion o' re&i$ious e4ercises s re*uire% b) t"e Free ?4ercise C& use. !"is bene+o&ent neutr &it) cou&% &&o( 'or ccommo% tion o' mor &it) b se% on re&i$ion, #ro+i%e% it %oes not o''en% com#e&&in$ st te interests. 9ssumin$ r$uen%o t" t t"e /:0 " s #ro+e% com#e&&in$ st te interest, it " s to 'urt"er %emonstr te t" t t"e st te " s use% t"e &e st intrusi+e me ns #ossib&e so t" t t"e 'ree e4ercise is not in'rin$e% n) more t" n necess r) to c"ie+e t"e &e$itim te $o & o' t"e st te. !"us t"e conAu$ & rr n$ement c nnot be #en &ize% 'or it constitutes n e4em#tion to t"e & ( b se% on "er ri$"t to 'ree%om o' re&i$ion. & (-(a vs. Ca1! s-Rueda 35 *+ ! 252 9ACTS: Luis 0oiti ) %e & C m r , #etitioner, n% Jose C m#os ) Bue% , res#on%ent, (ere m rrie% on J nu r) 6, 1915 n% " % resi%ence t 115 C &&e : n 7 rce&ino 7 ni& . !"e) st )e% to$et"er 'or mont" be'ore #etitioner returne% to "er # rent,s "ome. 0oiti 'i&e% com#& int $ inst res#on%ent 'or su##ort outsi%e t"e conAu$ & "ome. 1t ( s &&e$e% t" t res#on%ent %em n%e% "er to #er'orm unc" ste n% & sci+ious cts on "is $enit & or$ ns. Petitioner re'use% to #er'orm suc" cts n% %em n%e% "er "usb n% ot"er t" n t"e &e$ & n% + &i%

co" bit tion. :ince 0oiti 5e#t on re'usin$, res#on%ent m &tre te% "er b) (or% n% %ee%, in'&ictin$ inAuries u#on "er &o#s, ' ce n% %i''erent bo%) # rts. !"e tri & court ru&e% in ' +or o' res#on%ent n% st te% t" t 0oiti cou&% not com#e& "er "usb n% to su##ort "er e4ce#t in t"e conAu$ & "ome un&ess it is b) +irtue o' Au%ici & %ecree $r ntin$ "er se# r tion or %i+orce 'rom res#on%ent. 0oiti 'i&e% motion 'or re+ie(. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not 0oiti c n com#e& "er "usb n% to su##ort "er outsi%e t"e conAu$ & "ome. 6ELD: !"e ob&i$ tion on t"e # rt o' t"e "usb n% to su##ort "is (i'e is cre te% mere&) in t"e ct o' m rri $e. !"e & ( #ro+i%es t" t t"e "usb n%, ("o is ob&i$e% to su##ort t"e (i'e, m ) 'u&'i&& t"e ob&i$ tion eit"er b) # )in$ "er 'i4e% #ension or b) m int inin$ "er in "is o(n "ome t "is o#tion. 3o(e+er, t"is o#tion $i+en b) & ( is not bso&ute. !"e & ( (i&& not #ermit t"e "usb n% to e+ %e or termin te "is ob&i$ tion to su##ort "is (i'e i' t"e (i'e is %ri+en ( ) 'rom t"e conAu$ & "ome bec use o' "is (ron$'u& cts. 1n t"e c se t b r, t"e (i'e ( s 'orce% to &e +e t"e conAu$ & bo%e bec use o' t"e &e(% %esi$ns n% #")sic & ss u&t o' t"e "usb n%, s"e c n t"ere'ore c& im su##ort 'rom t"e "usb n% 'or se# r te m inten nce e+en outsi%e t"e conAu$ & "ome. 0a" 42 4 vs. CA GR No. 83598, ,ar-+ #, 199# 9ACTS: B monito n% 0eneroso = &o$bo$ 'i&e% n ction 'or # rtition n% ccountin$ $ inst t"eir 9unt Leonci n% >nc&e 0 u%ioso 'or # rtition n% ccountin$ o' t"eir $r n%# rents, est te t t"e Court o' First 1nst nce o' Cebu Cit) ("ic" ( s $r nte% b) t"e & tter. Leonci n% 0 u%ioso ##e &e% to t"e Court o' 9##e &s but t"e & tter ''irme% t"e &o(er court,s %ecision. = si&io = &o$bo$ n% 0eno+e+ 9rnib & %ie% intest te in 1951 n% 1961 res#ecti+e&). !"e) " +e t"ree c"i&%ren, Leonci , 0 u%ioso n% 0 +ino, t"eir o&%er brot"er ("o %ie% in 1935. B moncito n% 0eneroso ( s c& imin$ t" t t"e) (ere t"e &e$itim te c"i&%ren o' 0 +ino b) C t &in >b s n% t" t, s suc" t"e) (ere entit&e% to t"e one-t"ir% s" re in t"e est te o' t"eir $r n%# rents. 3o(e+er, Leonci n% 0 u%ioso c& ime% t"e) re not ( re t" t t"eir brot"er " s 2 sons n% t" t "e ( s m rrie%. !"e) st rte% to *uestion t"e + &i%it) o' t"e m rri $e bet(een t"eir brot"er 0 +ino n% C t &in %es#ite "o( 0 u%ioso "imse&' %mitte% %urin$ #o&ice in+esti$ tion #rocee%in$ t" t in%ee% B monito is "is ne#"e( s t"e & tter is t"e son o' "is e&%er brot"er 0 +ino. 1n t"e e''orts o' B moncito n% 0eneroso to #ro+e t"e + &i%it) o' t"eir # rent,s m rri $e, t"e) #resente% Prisci&o !r zo, 81 )e rs o&% t"en m )or o' 9sturi s 'rom 1928 to 1938 n% 7 ti s Po$o) ("o bot" testi'ie% t" t "e 5ne( 0 +ino n% C t &in to be "usb n% n% (i'e n% t" t t"e) " +e t"ree c"i&%ren. C t &in "erse&' testi'ie% t" t s"e ( s " n%e% -recei#t. #resum b&) t"e m rri $e certi'ic te b) Fr. Jom o- s but it ( s burne% %urin$ t"e ( r. /n t"e ot"er " n%,Leonci c& ime% t" t "er brot"er 0 +ino %ie% sin$&e t t"e ' mi&) resi%ence in 9sturi s. :"e obt ine% certi'ic te 'rom t"e &oc & Ci+i& Be$istr r o' 9sturi s to t"e e''ect t" t t"e o''ice %i% not " +e recor% o' t"e n mes o' 0 +ino n% C t &in ("ic" ( s #re# re% b) 9ssist nt 7unici# & !re surer Ju n 7 r n$ ("o testi'ie% in t"e "e rin$ s (e&&.

Leonci n% 0 u%ioso conten%e% t" t t"e m rri $e o' 0 +ino n% C t &in s"ou&% " +e been #ro+en in ccor% nce (it" 9rts. 53 n% 58 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e o' 1889 bec use t"is ( s t"e & ( in 'orce t t"e time o' t"e &&e$e% m rri $e ( s ce&ebr te%. 9rt. 53 #ro+i%es t" t -m rri $es ce&ebr te% un%er t"e Ci+i& Co%e o' 1889 s"ou&% be #ro+en on&) b) certi'ie% co#) o' t"e memor n%um in t"e Ci+i& Be$istr), un&ess t"e boo5s t"ereo' " +e not been 5e#t or " +e been &ost, or un&ess t"e) re *uestione% in t"e courts, in ("ic" c se n) ot"er #roo', suc" s t" t o' t"e continuous #ossession b) # rents o' t"e st tus o' "usb n% n% (i'e, m ) be consi%ere%, #ro+i%e% t" t t"e re$istr tion o' t"e birt" o' t"eir c"i&%ren s t"eir &e$itim te c"i&%ren is &so submitte% in e+i%ence.. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not 0 +ino n% C t &in ,s m rri $e is + &i%. 6ELD: :u#reme Court ''irme% t"e %ecisions o' t"e tri & court n% Court o' 9##e &s in ren%erin$ 0 +ino n% C t &in ,s m rri $e s + &i% n% t"us entit&e B monito n% 0eneroso one t"ir% o' t"eir $r n%# rents, est te. !"e court 'urt"er st tes t" t 9rts. 82 to 1<6 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e o' 889 o' :# in %i% not t 5e e''ect, " +in$ been sus#en%e% b) t"e 0o+ernor 0ener & o' t"e P"i&i##ines s"ort&) 'ter t"e e4tension o' t" t co%e o' t"is countr). !"ere'ore, 9rts. 53 n% 58 ne+er c me into 'orce. :ince t"is c se ( s brou$"t in t"e &o(er court in 1968, t"e e4istence o' t"e m rri $e must be %etermine% in ccor% nce (it" t"e #resent Ci+i& Co%e, ("ic" re#e &e% t"e #ro+isions o' t"e 'ormer Ci+i& Co%e, e4ce#t s t"e) re& te% to +este% ri$"ts, n% t"e ru&es o' e+i%ence. >n%er t"e Bu&es o' Court, t"e #resum#tion is t" t m n n% (om n con%uctin$ t"emse&+es s "usb n% n% (i'e re &e$ &&) m rrie%. 9&beit, m rri $e contr ct is consi%ere% #rim r) e+i%ence o' m rri $e, ' i&ure to #resent it (ou&% not me n t" t m rri $e %i% not t 5e #& ce. /t"er e+i%ence m ) be #resente% ("ere in t"is c se e+i%ence consistin$ o' t"e testimonies o' (itnesses ( s "e&% com#etent to #ro+e t"e m rri $e o' 0 +ino n% C t &in in 1929, t" t t"e) " +e t"ree c"i&%ren, one o' ("om, Petroni&o, %ie% t t"e $e o' si4 n% t" t t"e) re reco$nize% b) 0 +ino,s ' mi&) n% b) t"e #ub&ic s t"e &e$itim te c"i&%ren o' 0 +ino. ARTICLE 2-) Eu.e% o '( /e!e0 18) scra 425 C&stody of a Dead +ody !"e #etitioner c& ims &e$ & custo%) o' t"e %e % bo%) on t" t b sis t" t s"e ( s "is common & ( (i'e. /n t"e ot"er " n%, t"e ne4t o' 5in c& im t"e) re &e$ & custo%i n o' t"e %e % bo%) o' t"eir sister, ( ntin$ o' %ecent buri &.

ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e &e$ & ri$"t to custo%) o' t"e %e % bo%) be c& ime% b) mere common & ( "usb n%. 6ELD: Petitioner ' i&e% to su''icient&) est b&is" c&e r &e$ & ri$"t to t"e custo%) o' t"e %e % bo%) o' Eit &i n E r$ s sim#&) bec use t"e) re not & ('u&&)-(e%%e%. Custo%) o' t"e %e % bo%) Eit &i n ( s ri$"t'u&&) ( r%e% to "er sur+i+in$ brot"ers n% sisters. C s'a vs. Pa"a$!a$ n 23# "CRA 249 9ACTS: !"e 'o&&o(in$ re t"e com#& in nts: Ju+) N. Cosc H:teno$r #"er 1I, ?%mun%o =. Per &t H1nter#reter 1I, B mon C. : mbo HC&er5 11I n% 9#o&&o Ei&& mor HProcess :er+erI. Bes#on%ents re Ju%$e Lucio P & )# )on Jr., t"e #resi%in$ Au%$e, n% Ne&i =. ?smer &% = ro), c&er5 o' court 11. 9&& (or5 in 7!C-!in mb c, C m rines :ur. Com#& in nts &&e$e% t" t P & )# )on so&emnize% m rri $es e+en (it"out t"e re*uisite o' m rri $e &icense. 3ence, t"e 'o&&o(in$ cou#&es (ere b&e to $et m rrie% Aust b) # )in$ t"e m rri $e 'ees to res#on%ent = ro): 9& no P. 9be&& no T Ne&&) ?%r &inD Fr ncisco :e&#o T Ju&iet C rri%oD ?%%ie !errobi s T 7 ri 0 cerD Ben to 0 m ) T 7 ricris =e&$ D 9rsenio : b ter T 7 r$ rit N c rioD : mm) =oc ) T 0in =ismonte. 9s conse*uence, t"e m rri $e contr cts o' t"e 'o&&o(in$ cou#&es %i% not re'&ect n) m rri $e &icense number. 1n %%ition, P & )# )on %i% not si$n t"e m rri $e contr cts n% %i% not in%ic te t"e % te o' so&emniz tion re sonin$ out t" t "e &&e$e%&) " % to ( it 'or t"e m rri $e &icense to be submitte% b) t"e # rties ("ic" " ##ens usu &&) se+er & % )s 'ter t"e m rri $e ceremon). P & )# )on conten%s t" t m rri $e bet(een 9be&& no T ?%r &in ' &&s un%er 9rtic&e 38 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e t"us e4em#te% 'rom t"e m rri $e &icense re*uirement. 9ccor%in$ to "im, "e $ +e strict instructions to com#& in nt : mbo to 'urnis" t"e cou#&e co#) o' t"e m rri $e contr ct n% to 'i&e t"e s me (it" t"e ci+i& re$istr r but t"e & tter ' i&e% to %o so. 1n or%er to so&+e t"e #rob&em, t"e s#ouses subse*uent&) 'orm &ize% t"e m rri $e b) securin$ m rri $e &icense n% e4ecutin$ t"eir m rri $e contr ct, co#) o' ("ic" ( s t"en 'i&e% (it" t"e ci+i& re$istr r. !"e ot"er 'i+e m rri $es (ere not i&&e$ &&) so&emnize% bec use P & )# )on %i% not si$n t"eir m rri $e contr cts n% t"e % te n% #& ce o' m rri $e re not inc&u%e%. 1t ( s &&e$e% t" t co#ies o' t"ese m rri $e contr cts re in t"e custo%) o' com#& in nt : mbo. !"e &&e$e% m rri $e o' :e&#o T C rri%o, !errobi s T 0 cer, 0 m ) T =e&$ , : b ter T N c rio (ere not ce&ebr te% b) "im since "e re'use% to so&emnize t"em in t"e bsence o' m rri $e &icense n% t" t t"e m rri $e o' =oc ) T =ismonte ( s ce&ebr te% e+en (it"out t"e re*uisite &icense %ue to t"e insistence o' t"e # rties to +oi% emb rr ssment (it" t"e $uests ("ic" "e $ in %i% not si$n t"e m rri $e contr ct. 9n i&&e$ & so&emniz tion o' m rri $e ( s c" r$e% $ inst t"e res#on%ents. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e m rri $e so&emnize% b) Ju%$e P & )# )on (ere + &i%. 6ELD: =oc ) T =esmonte,s m rri $e ( s so&emnize% (it"out m rri $e &icense &on$ (it" t"e ot"er cou#&es. !"e testimonies o' =oc ) n% Pom#eo 9rio& inc&u%in$ t"e #"oto$r #"s t 5en s"o(e% t" t it ( s re &&) Ju%$e P & )# )on ("o so&emnize% t"eir m rri $e. =oc ) %ec& re%

t" t t"e) (ere %+ise% b) Au%$e to return 'ter 1< % )s 'ter t"e so&emniz tion n% brin$ (it" t"em t"eir m rri $e &icense. !"e) &re %) st rte% &i+in$ to$et"er s "usb n% n% (i'e e+en (it"out t"e 'orm & re*uisite. 2it" res#ect to t"e #"oto$r #"s, Au%$e e4#& ine% t" t it ( s simu& te% so&emniz tion o' m rri $e n% not re & one. 3o(e+er, consi%erin$ t" t t"ere (ere #ictures 'rom t"e st rt o' t"e (e%%in$ ceremon) u# to t"e si$nin$ o' t"e m rri $e certi'ic tes in 'ront o' "im. !"e court "e&% t" t it is " r% to be&ie+e t" t it ( s simu& te%. /n t"e ot"er " n%, Ju%$e P & )# )on %mitte% t" t "e so&emnize% m rri $e bet(een 9be&& no T ?%r &in n% c& ime% it ( s un%er 9rtic&e 38 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e so t"e m rri $e &icense ( s %is#ense% (it" consi%erin$ t" t t"e contr ctin$ # rties e4ecute% Aoint ''i% +it t" t t"e) " +e been &i+in$ to$et"er s "usb n% n% (i'e 'or &most 6 )e rs &re %). 3o(e+er, it ( s s"o(n in t"e m rri $e contr ct t" t 9be&& no ( s on&) 18 )rs 2mont"s n% 6 % )s o&%. 1' "e n% ?%r &in " % been &i+in$ to$et"er 'or 6 )e rs &re %) be'ore t"e) $ot m rrie% s (" t is st te% in t"e Aoint ''i% +it, 9be&& no must " +e been &ess t" n 13 )e rs o&% ("en t"e) st rte% &i+in$ to$et"er ("ic" is " r% to be&ie+e. P & )# )on s"ou&% " +e been ( re, s it is "is %ut) to scert in t"e *u &i'ic tion o' t"e contr ctin$ # rties ("o mi$"t " +e e4ecute% ' &se Aoint ''i% +it in or%er to +oi% t"e m rri $e &icense re*uirement. 9rtic&e 8 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e #ertinent&) #ro+i%es t" t -in t"e bsence o' n) o' t"e essenti & or 'orm & re*uisites s" && ren%er t"e m rri $e +oi% b initio ("ere s n irre$u& rit) in t"e 'orm & re*uisite s" && not ''ect t"e + &i%it) o' t"e m rri $e but t"e # rt) or # rties res#onsib&e 'or t"e irre$u& rit) s" && be ci+i&&), crimin &&), n% %ministr ti+e&) &i b&e.

customs 'or ("ic" %e'en% nt must be "e&% ns(er b&e in % m $es in ccor% nce (it" 9rtic&e 21 'ores i%. !"e &o(er court,s Au%$ment is "ereb) ''irme%. ARTICLE ? Navarr vs D 1a4- $ -res&m-tive death - family code N + rro is t"e 7unici# & 7 )or o' D # , :uri$ o %e& Norte. 3e " s submitte% e+i%ence in re& tion to t(o s#eci'ic cts committe% b) 7unici# & Circuit !ri & Court Ju%$e 3ern n%o Dom $to), ("ic", "e conten%s, e4"ibits $ross miscon%uct s (e&& s ine''icienc) in o''ice n% i$nor nce o' t"e & (. First, on :e#tember 26, 1998, res#on%ent Au%$e so&emnize% t"e (e%%in$ bet(een 0 s# r ! $ % n n% 9r&)n =or$ , %es#ite t"e 5no(&e%$e t" t t"e $room is mere&) se# r te% 'rom "is 'irst (i'e. Dom $to) c& ime% t" t "e mere&) re&ie% on n ''i% +it c5no(&e%$e% be'ore "im ttestin$ t" t ! $ % n,s (i'e " s been bsent 'or se+en )e rs. !"e s i% ''i% +it ( s &&e$e% to " +e been s(orn to be'ore not"er Au%$e. :econ%, it is &&e$e% t" t "e #er'orme% m rri $e ceremon) bet(een F&ori no D %or :um )&o n% 0emm 0. %e& Bos rio outsi%e "is court,s Auris%iction on /ctober 26, 1998. Dom $to) counters t" t "e so&emnize% t"e m rri $e outsi%e o' "is Auris%iction &-on the re.&est of the -arties/ ISS,E: 2"et"er or not Dom $to) cte% (it"out Auris%iction. 6ELD: Dom $to),s %e'ense is not ten b&e n% "e %i% %is#& ) $ross i$nor nce o' t"e & (. ! $ % n %i% not institute summ r) #rocee%in$ 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' "is 'irst (i'e,s #resum#ti+e %e t". 9bsent t"is Au%ici & %ec& r tion, "e rem ins m rrie% to 1"is 'ormer (i'e. 2"et"er (ittin$&) or un(ittin$&), it ( s m ni'est error on t"e # rt o' Dom $to) to " +e cce#te% t"e Aoint ''i% +it submitte% b) t"e $room. :uc" ne$&ect or i$nor nce o' t"e & ( " s resu&te% in bi$ mous, n% t"ere'ore +oi%, m rri $e. /n t"e secon% issue, t"e re*uest to "o&% t"e (e%%in$ outsi%e Dom $to),s Auris%iction ( s on&) %one b) one # rt), t"e bri%e N/! b) bot" # rties. 7ore im#ort nt&), t"e e&ement r) #rinci#&e un%er&)in$ t"is #ro+ision is t"e ut"orit) o' t"e so&emnizin$ Au%$e. >n%er 9rtic&e 3, one o' t"e 'orm & re*uisites o' m rri $e is t"e - ut"orit) o' t"e so&emnizin$ o''icer.. >n%er 9rtic&e 6, m rri $e m ) be so&emnize% b), mon$ ot"ers, - n) incumbent member o' t"e Au%ici r) 0ithin the co&rt1s *&risdiction.. 9rtic&e 8, ("ic" is %irector) #ro+ision, re'ers on&) to t"e +enue o' t"e m rri $e ceremon) n% %oes not &ter or *u &i') t"e ut"orit) o' t"e so&emnizin$ o''icer s #ro+i%e% in t"e #rece%in$ #ro+ision. Non-com#&i nce "ere(it" (i&& not in+ &i% te t"e m rri $e. Ara>es vs. =ud4e O''(an A.M. N . MT=-.2-1%.7 A!r(" 11+ 2..2 F cts: Petitioner 7erce%it 7 t c" r$e% res#on%ent Au%$e (it" 0ross 1$nor nce o' t"e L (, +i s(orn Letter-Com#& int, 'or so&emnizin$ t"e m rri $e bet(een #etitioner n% "er & te $room HBet.I Commo%ore Domin %or =. /robi (it"out t"e re*uisite m rri $e &icense, mon$ ot"ers. :ince t"e m rri $e is nu&&it), #etitioner,s ri$"t, u#on /robi ,s %e t", to in"erit t"e -+ st #ro#erties. &e't b) /robi ( s not reco$nize%. Petitioner ( s &i5e(ise %e#ri+e% o' recei+in$ t"e #ensions o' /robi . Petitioner #r )s t" t s nctions be im#ose% $ inst

1a((2er '( /e!e0 12 scra )48 +reach of Promise to ,arry Fr nciso Ee&ez n% =e triz 2 ssmer, 'o&&o(in$ t"eir mutu & #romise o' &o+e, %eci%e% to $et m rrie% n% set :e#tember 8, 1958 s t"e bi$ % ). /n :e#tember 2, 1958 Ee&ez &e't note to "er t" t t"e) " +e to #ost#one t"eir (e%%in$ bec use "is mot"er o##ose% it. 9n% on t"e ne4t % ) "e sent "er t"e 'o&&o(in$ te&e$r m -Not"in$ c" n$e% rest ssure% returnin$ +er) soon #o&o$ize m m # # &o+e P 5in$.. !"ere 'ter Ee&ez %i% not ##e r nor ( s "e "e r% 'rom $ in, sue% b) =e trice 'or % m $es, Ee&ez 'i&e% no ns(er n% ( s %ec& re% in %e' u&t. !"e recor% re+e &s t" t on 9u$ust 23, 1958, #& inti'' n% %e'en% nt ##&ie% 'or &icense to contr ct m rri $e, ("ic" ( s subse*uent&) issue%. 1n+it tions (ere #rinte% n% %istribute% to re& ti+es, 'rien%s n% c*u int nces. !"e bri%e-to-be,s trousse u, # rt) %resses n% ot"er ## re& 'or t"e im#ort nt occ sion (ere #urc" se%. Dresses 'or t"e m i% o' "onor n% t"e '&o(er $ir& (ere #re# re%, but t(o % )s be'ore t"e (e%%in$ "e ne+er returne% n% ( s ne+er "e r% 'rom $ in. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not in t"e c se t b r, is c se o' mere bre c" o' #romise to m rr). 6ELD: :ure&) t"is is not c se o' mere bre c" o' #romise to m rr). 9s st te%, mere bre c" o' #romise to m rr) is not n ction b&e (ron$. =ut to 'orm &&) set (e%%in$ n% $o t"rou$" && t"e bo+e-%escribe% #re# r tion n% #ub&icit), on&) to ( &5 out o' it ("en t"e m trimon) is bout to be so&emnize%, is *uite %i''erent. !"is is # &# b&) n% unAusti'i b&) contr r) to $oo%

res#on%ent 'or "is i&&e$ & cts n% unet"ic & misre#resent tions, ("ic" c use% "er so muc" " r%s"i#s, emb rr ssment n% su''erin$s. !"e c se ( s re'erre% b) t"e /''ice o' t"e C"ie' Justice to t"e /''ice o' t"e Court 9%ministr tor, ("ic" re*uire% t"e res#on%ent to comment on t"e com#& int. Bes#on%ent +erre%, mon$ ot"ers, t" t be'ore st rtin$ t"e ceremon), "e e4 mine% t"e %ocuments submitte% to "im b) t"e #etitioner n% "e %isco+ere% t" t t"e # rties %i% not #ossess t"e re*uisite m rri $e &icense so "e re'use% to so&emnize t"e m rri $e. 3o(e+er, %ue to t"e e rnest #&e s o' t"e # rties, t"e in'&u4 o' +isitors, n% t"e %e&i+er) o' t"e #ro+isions 'or t"e occ sion, "e #rocee%e% to so&emnize t"e m rri $e out o' "um n com# ssion. 9'ter t"e so&emniz tion, res#on%ent reiter te% t"e nee% 'or t"e m rri $e &icense n% %monis"e% t"e # rties t" t t"eir ' i&ure to $i+e it (ou&% ren%er t"e m rri $e +oi%. Petitioner n% /robi ssure% t"e res#on%ent t" t t"e) (ou&% $i+e t"e &icense to "im, but t"e) ne+er %i%. 3e ttribute% t"e " r%s"i#s n% emb rr ssment #etitioner su''ere% s %ue to "er o(n ' u&t n% ne$&i$ence. 1ssue: 2"et"er or not res#on%ent,s $ui&t) o' so&emnizin$ &icense n% outsi%e "is territori & Auris%iction. Bu&in$: Bes#on%ent Au%$e s"ou&% be ' u&te% 'or so&emnizin$ m rri $e (it"out t"e re*uisite m rri $e &icense. 1n Peo-le vs/ #ara, t"e :u#reme Court "e&% t" t m rri $e, ("ic" #rece%e% t"e issu nce o' t"e m rri $e &icense, is +oi%, n% t" t subse*uent issu nce o' suc" &icense c nnot ren%er or e+en %% n iot o' + &i%it) to t"e m rri $e. ?4ce#t in c ses #ro+i%e% b) & (, it is t"e m rri $e &icense t" t $i+es t"e so&emnizin$ o''icer t"e ut"orit) to con%uct m rri $e. Bes#on%ent Au%$e %i% not #ossess suc" ut"orit) ("en "e so&emnize% t"e m rri $e o' t"e #etitioner. Ju%$es, ("o re ##ointe% to s#eci'ic Auris%ictions, m ) o''ici te in (e%%in$s on&) (it"in s i% re s n% not be)on%. 2"ere Au%$e so&emnizes m rri $e outsi%e "is courtPs Auris%iction, t"ere is resu&t nt irre$u& rit) in t"e 'orm & re*uisite, ("ic" ("i&e it m ) not ''ect t"e + &i%it) o' t"e m rri $e, m ) subAect t"e o''ici tin$ o''ici & to %ministr ti+e &i bi&it). ARTICLE 22 L(1 Tan3u vs. Ra1 "e-e )) "CRA 425 9ACTS: Pri+ te res#on%ent ! n Put &&e$e% t" t s"e is t"e (i%o( o' !ee 3oon Lim Po C"u n, ("o ( s # rtner n% #r ctic &&) t"e o(ner ("o " s contro&&in$ interest o' 0&or) Commerci & Com# n) n% C"inese Citizen unti& "is %e t". De'en% nt 9ntonio Lim ! n"u n% 9&'onso Leon r%o N$ :u (ere # rtners in n me but t"e) (ere mere em#&o)ees o' Po C"u n n% (ere n tur &ize% Fi&i#ino Citizens. ! n Put 'i&e% com#& int $ inst s#ouses-#etitoner Lim ! n"u n% D) /c" ) inc&u%in$ t"eir son !ec" C"u n n% t"e ot"er s#ouses-#etitoner N$ :u n% Co /)o inc&u%in$ &so t"eir son ?n$ C"on$ Leon r%o, t" t t"rou$" 'r u% n% m c"in tion too5 ctu & n% cti+e m n $ement o' t"e # rtners"i# n% t" t s"e &&e$e% entit&ement to s" re not on&) in t"e c #it & n% #ro'its o' t"e # rtners"i# but &so in t"e ot"er ssets, bot" re & n% #erson &, c*uire% b) t"e # rtners"i# (it" 'un%s o' t"e & tter %urin$ its &i'etime.O 9ccor%in$ to t"e #etitioners, 9n$ :io5 !in is t"e &e$itim te (i'e, sti&& &i+in$, n% (it" ("om !ee 3oon " % 'our &e$itim te c"i&%ren, t(in born in 1982, n% t(o ot"ers born in 1989 n% m rri $e (it"out m rri $e

1965, && #resent&) resi%in$ in 3on$ Ron$. !ee 3oon %ie% in 1966 n% s resu&t o' ("ic" t"e # rtners"i# ( s %isso&+e% n% (" t corres#on%e% to "im (ere && $i+en to "is &e$itim te (i'e n% c"i&%ren. ! n Put #rior o' "er &&e$e% m rri $e (it" !ee 3oon on 1989, ( s en$ $e% in t"e %ru$store businessD t" t not &on$ 'ter "er m rri $e, u#on t"e su$$estion o' t"e & tter so&% "er %ru$store 'or P125,<<<.<< ("ic" mount s"e $ +e to "er "usb n% s in+estment in 0&or) Commerci & Co. sometime in 195<D t" t 'ter t"e in+estment o' t"e bo+e-st te% mount in t"e # rtners"i# its business '&ouris"e% n% it emb r5e% in t"e im#ort business n% &so en$ $e% in t"e ("o&es &e n% ret i& tr %e o' cement n% 01 s"eets n% un%er "u$e #ro'its. De'en% nts inter#ose t" t ! n Put 5ne( n% ( s re t" t s"e ( s mere&) t"e common-& ( (i'e o' !ee 3oon. ! n Put n% !ee 3oon (ere c"i&%&ess but t"e 'ormer " % 'oster c"i&%, 9ntonio Nunez. ISS,E: 2"et"er ! n Put, s s"e &&e$e% bein$ m rrie% (it" !ee 3oon, c n c& im 'rom t"e com# n) o' t"e & tter,s s" re. 6ELD: >n%er 9rtic&e 55 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e, -t"e %ec& r tion o' t"e contr ctin$ # rties t" t t"e) t 5e e c" ot"er s "usb n% n% (i'e Os" && be set 'ort" in n instrumentO si$ne% b) t"e # rties s (e&& s b) t"eir (itnesses n% t"e #erson so&emnizin$ t"e m rri $e. 9ccor%in$&), t"e #rim r) e+i%ence o' m rri $e must be n ut"entic co#) o' t"e m rri $e contr ct.. 2"i&e m rri $e m ) &so be #ro+e% b) ot"er com#etent e+i%ence, t"e bsence o' t"e contr ct must 'irst be s tis' ctori&) e4#& ine%. :ure&), t"e certi'ic tion o' t"e #erson ("o &&e$e%&) so&emnize% m rri $e is not %missib&e e+i%ence o' suc" m rri $e un&ess #roo' o' &oss o' t"e contr ct or o' n) ot"er s tis' ctor) re son 'or its non-#ro%uction is 'irst #resente% to t"e court. 1n t"e c se t b r, t"e #ur#orte% certi'ic tion issue% b) 7ons. Jose 7. Beco&eto, =is"o#, P"i&i##ine 1n%e#en%ent C"urc", Cebu Cit), is not, t"ere'ore, com#etent e+i%ence, t"ere bein$ bso&ute&) no s"o(in$ s to un + i& bi&it) o' t"e m rri $e contr ct n%, in%ee%, s to t"e ut"enticit) o' t"e si$n ture o' s i% certi'ier, t"e Aur t &&e$e%&) si$ne% b) secon% ssist nt #ro+inci & 'isc & not bein$ ut"orize% b) & (, since it is not # rt o' t"e 'unctions o' "is o''ice. =esi%es, in smuc" s t"e bis"o# %i% not testi'), t"e s me is "e rs ). 9n $reement (it" !ee 3oon ( s s"o(n n% si$ne% b) ! n Put t" t s"e recei+e% P8<,<<< 'or "er subsistence ("en t"e) termin te% t"eir re& tions"i# o' common-& ( m rri $e n% #romise% not to inter'ere (it" e c" ot"er,s '' irs since t"e) re incom# tib&e n% not in t"e #osition to 5ee# &i+in$ to$et"er #erm nent&). 3ence, t"is %ocument not on&) #ro+es t" t "er re& tion ( s t" t o' common-& ( (i'e but " % &so sett&e% #ro#ert) interests in t"e # )ment o' P8<,<<<. 1N E1?2 /F 9LL !3? F/B?0/1N0, t"e #etition is $r nte%. 9&& #rocee%in$s "e&% in res#on%ent court in its Ci+i& C se No. 12328 subse*uent to t"e or%er o' %ismiss & o' /ctober 21, 1968 re "ereb) nnu&&e% n% set si%e, # rticu& r&) t"e e23-arte #rocee%in$s $ inst #etitioners n% t"e %ecision on December 2<, 1968. Bes#on%ent court is "ereb) or%ere% to enter n or%er e4ten%in$ t"e e''ects o' its or%er o' %ismiss & o' t"e ction % te% /ctober 21, 1968 to "erein #etitioners 9ntonio Lim ! n"u, D) /c" ), 9&'onso Leon r%o N$ :u n% Co /)o. 9n% res#on%ent court is "ereb) #erm nent&) enAoine% 'rom t 5in$ n) 'urt"er ction in s i% ci+i& c se $ +e n% e4ce#t s "erein in%ic te%. Costs $ inst #ri+ te res#on%ent. Vda. De C3ua vs. CA

&.R. N . 11)8%/ Mar'3 /+ 1778 F cts: Boberto C"u ( s t"e common-& ( "usb n% o' F&orit 9. E &&eAo n% " % t(o i&&e$itim te sons (it" "er. /n 28 7 ) 1992, Boberto C"u %ie% intest te in D + o Cit). >#on t"e %e t" o' Boberto, E &&eAo 'i&e% (it" t"e Be$ion & !ri & Court o' Cot b to Cit) #etition 'or t"e $u r%i ns"i# n% %ministr tion o+er t"e #ersons n% #ro#erties o' t"e t(o minors. 3erein #etitioner 'i&e% 'or its %ismiss &, c& imin$ t" t s"e ( s t"e so&e sur+i+in$ "eir o' t"e %ece%ent bein$ "is (i'eD n% t" t t"e %ece%ent ( s resi%ent o' D + o Cit) n% not Cot b to Cit), ("ic" me ns t" t t"e s i% court ( s not t"e #ro#er 'orum to sett&e s i% m tters. !"e #etitioner ' i&e% to submit t"e ori$in & co#) o' t"e m rri $e contr ct n% t"e e+i%ences t" t s"e use% (ere: #"otoco#) o' s i% m rri $e contr ct, !r ns'er Certi'ic te o' !it&e issue% in t"e n me o' Boberto L. C"u m rrie% to 9ntoniett 0 rci , n% resi%ent o' D + o Cit)D Besi%ence Certi'ic tes 'rom 1988 n% 1989 issue% t D + o Cit) in%ic tin$ t" t "e ( s m rrie% n% ( s born in Cot b to Cit)D 1ncome ! 4 Beturns 'or 199< n% 1991 'i&e% in D + o Cit) ("ere t"e st tus o' t"e %ece%ent ( s st te% s m rrie%D # ss#ort o' t"e %ece%ent s#eci')in$ t" t "e ( s m rrie% n% "is resi%ence ( s D + o Cit). !"e tri & court ru&e% t" t s"e ' i&e% to est b&is" t"e + &i%it) o' m rri $e, n% e+en %enie% "er #etition. !"is ( s & tter ##e &e% to t"e ##e&& te court, but it %eci%e% in ' +or o' "erein res#on%ents.

itse&' st tes t" t m rri $e &icense no. 3196182 ( s issue% in t"e n me o' t"e contr ctin$ # rties on June 28, 196< in P si$, 7etro 7 ni& . !"e cou#&e %i% not imme%i te&) &i+e to$et"er s "usb n% n% (i'e since t"e m rri $e ( s un5no(n to C stro,s # rents. !"us, it ( s on&) in 7 rc" 1961, ("en C stro %isco+ere% s"e ( s #re$n nt, t" t t"e cou#&e %eci%e% to &i+e to$et"er. 3o(e+er, t"eir co" bit tion & ste% on&) 'or 'our H8I mont"s. !"ere 'ter, t"e cou#&e # rte% ( )s. /n /ctober 19, 1961, C stro $ +e birt". !"e b b) ( s %o#te% b) C stro,s brot"er, (it" t"e consent o' C r%en s. 1ssue: 2"et"er or not t"e %ocument r) n% testimoni & e+i%ences #resente% b) #ri+ te res#on%ent re su''icient to est b&is" t" t no m rri $e &icense ( s issue% b) t"e Ci+i& Be$istr r o' P si$ #rior to t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"e m rri $e o' #ri+ te res#on%ent to ?%(in F. C r%en s.

Bu&in$: !"e & ( #ro+i%es t" t no m rri $e s" && be so&emnize% (it"out m rri $e &icense 'irst issue% b) &oc & re$istr r. =ein$ one o' t"e essenti & re*uisites o' + &i% m rri $e, bsence to t"e # rties is not %e*u te to #ro+e its non-issu nce. !"e bo+e ru&e ut"orize% t"e custo%i n o' %ocuments to certi') t" t %es#ite %i&i$ent se rc", # rticu& r %ocument %oes not e4ist in "is o''ice or t" t # rticu& r entr) o' s#eci'ie% tenor ( s not bein$ 'oun% in re$istr r. 9s custo%i ns o' #ub&ic %ocuments, ci+i& re$istr rs re #ub&ic o''icers c" r$e% (it" t"e %ut), inter &i , o' m int inin$ re$ister boo5 ("ere t"e) re re*uire% to enter && ##&ic tions 'or m rri $e &icense, inc&u%in$ t"e n mes o' t"e ##&ic nts, t"e % te t"e m rri $e &icense ( s issue% n% suc" ot"er re&e+ nt % t . !"e certi'ic tion o' %ue se rc" n% in bi&it) to 'in% issue% b) t"e ci+i& re$istr r o' P si$ enAo)s #rob ti+e + &ue, "e bein$ t"e o''icer c" r$e% un%er t"e & ( to 5ee# recor% o' && % t re& ti+e to t"e issu nce o' m rri $e &icense. >n ccom# nie% b) n) circumst nce o' sus#icion n% #ursu nt to :ection 29, Bu&e 132 o' t"e Bu&es o' Court, certi'ic te o' %ue se rc" n% in bi&it) to 'in% su''icient&) #ro+e% t" t "is o''ice %i% not issue m rri $e &icense no. 1396182 to t"e contr ctin$ # rties. !"ere bein$ no m rri $e &icense, t"e m rri $e o' 9n$e&in n% ?%(in is +oi% b initio. ARTICLE 2) Van D rn vs. R 1("" =r. 1%7 SCRA 1%7 F cts:

1ssue: 2"et"er or not t"e tri & n% ##e&& te court is correct on t"eir ru&in$ on t"e + &i%it) o' m rri $e o' 9ntoniett 0 rci to Boberto C"u . Bu&in$: !"e :u#reme Court "e&% t" t t"e &o(er court n% t"e ##e&& te court re correct in "o&%in$ t" t #etitioner "erein ' i&e% to est b&is" t"e trut" o' "er &&e$ tion t" t s"e ( s t"e & ('u& (i'e o' t"e %ece%ent. !"e best e+i%ence is + &i% m rri $e contr ct ("ic" t"e #etitioner ' i&e% to #ro%uce. !r ns'er Certi'ic tes o' !it&e, Besi%ence Certi'ic tes, # ss#orts n% ot"er simi& r %ocuments c nnot #ro+e m rri $e es#eci &&) so ("en t"e #etitioner " s submitte% certi'ic tion 'rom t"e Loc & Ci+i& Be$istr r concerne% t" t t"e &&e$e% m rri $e ( s not re$istere% n% &etter 'rom t"e Au%$e &&e$e% to " +e so&emnize% t"e m rri $e t" t "e " s not so&emnize% s i% &&e$e% m rri $e. !"e &o(er court correct&) %isre$ r%e% t"e P"otost t co#) o' t"e m rri $e certi'ic te ("ic" s"e #resente%, t"is bein$ +io& tion o' t"e best e+i%ence ru&e, to$et"er (it" ot"er (ort"&ess #ieces o' e+i%ence. 9 + &i%, ori$in & m rri $e contr ct (ou&% be t"e best e+i%ence t" t t"e #etitioner s"ou&% " +e #resente%. F i&ure to #resent it s e+i%ence (ou&% m 5e t"e m rri $e %ubious. ARTICLE 2/ Re!u2"(' ; -3e P3("(!!(nes vs. CA and Cas-r &.R. N . 1.%.@? Se!-e12er 12+ 177@ F cts: /n June 28, 196<, 9n$e&in 7. C stro n% ?%(in F. C r%en s (ere m rrie% in ci+i& ceremon) #er'orme% b) Ju%$e P b&o 7. 7 &+ r, Cit) Court Ju%$e o' P s ) Cit). !"e m rri $e ( s ce&ebr te% (it"out t"e 5no(&e%$e o' C stro,s # rents. De'en% nt C r%en s #erson &&) tten%e% to t"e #rocessin$ o' t"e %ocuments re*uire% 'or t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"e m rri $e, inc&u%in$ t"e #rocurement o' t"e m rri $e &icense. 1n ' ct, t"e m rri $e contr ct

9&ice Be)es, Fi&i#in , m rrie% Bic" r% >#ton, n 9meric n, in 3on$5on$ in 1962. !"e) est b&is"e% resi%ence in t"e P"i&i##ines n% " % t(o c"i&%ren. 1n 1982, t"e (i'e sue% 'or %i+orce in Ne+ % , >.:.9., on t"e $roun% o' incom# tibi&it). :"e & ter m rrie% !"eo%ore E n Dorn in Ne+ % in 1983. >#ton sue% "er be'ore B!C, =r nc" LVE in P s ) Cit) s5in$ t" t s"e be or%ere% to ren%er n ccountin$ o' "er business, ("ic" >#ton &&e$e% to be conAu$ & #ro#ert). 3e &so #r )e% t" t "e be %ec& re% (it" ri$"t to m n $e t"e conAu$ & #ro#ert). !"e %e'en% nt (i'e mo+e% to %ismiss t"e com#& int on t"e $roun% t" t t"e c use o' ction ( s b rre% b) #re+ious Au%$ment in t"e %i+orce #rocee%in$s ("erein "e " % c5no(&e%$e% t" t t"e cou#&e " % no -communit) #ro#ert).. 1ssue:

2"et"er or not bso&ute %i+orce %ecree $r nte% b) >.:. court, bet(een Fi&i#in (i'e n% 9meric n "usb n% "e&% bin%in$ u#on t"e & tter. Bu&in$: !"e #i+ot & ' ct in t"is c se is t"e Ne+ % Di+orce o' t"e # rties. !"ere c n be no *uestion s to t"e + &i%it) o' t" t Ne+ % %i+orce in n) st tes o' t"e >.:. !"e %ecree is bin%in$ on >#ton s n 9meric n citizen. 3ence, "e c nnot sue #etitioner, s "er "usb n%, in n) st te o' t"e >nite% :t tes. 1t is true t" t o(in$ to t"e n tion &it) #rinci#&e un%er rtic&e 15 o' t"e ci+i& co%e, on&) P"i&i##ine n tion &s re co+ere% b) t"e #o&ic) $ inst bso&ute %i+orce bro %, ("ic" m ) be reco$nize% in t"e P"i&i##ines, #ro+i%e% t"e) re + &i% ccor%in$ to t"eir n tion & & (. 1n t"is c se, t"e %i+orce in Ne+ % re&e se% >#ton 'rom t"e m rri $e 'rom t"e st n% r%s o' 9meric n & (. !"us, #ursu nt to "is n tion & & (, "e is no &on$er t"e "usb n% o' t"e #etitioner. 3e (ou&% " +e no st n%in$ to sue in t"e c se s #etitioner "usb n% entit&e% to e4ercise contro& o+er conAu$ & ssets. 3e is &so esto##e% b) "is o(n re#resent tion be'ore t"e Ne+ % court 'rom ssertin$ "is ri$"t o+er t"e &&e$e% conAu$ & #ro#ert). 3e s"ou&% not continue to be one o' "er "eirs (it" #ossib&e ri$"ts to conAu$ & #ro#ert). REP,0LIC O9 T6E P6ILIPPINES v. CIPRIANO OR0ECIDO III 0B. No. 15838<, 5 /ctober 2<<5, First Di+ision H;uisumbin$, J.I 0i+en + &i% m rri $e bet(een t(o Fi&i#ino citizens, ("ere one # rt) is & ter n tur &ize% s 'orei$n citizen n% obt ins + &i% %i+orce %ecree c # cit tin$ "im or "er to rem rr), c n t"e Fi&i#ino s#ouse &i5e(ise rem rr) un%er P"i&i##ine & (C /n 28 7 ) 1981, Ci#ri no /rbeci%o 111 m rrie% L %) 7)ros 7. Ei&& nue+ n% t"eir m rri $e ( s b&esse% (it" son n% % u$"ter, Rristo''er :imbortriz E. /rbeci%o n% L %) Rimber&) E. /rbeci%o. 1n 1986, "is (i'e &e't 'or t"e >nite% :t tes brin$in$ &on$ t"eir son Rristo''er. 9 'e( )e rs & ter, Ci#ri no %isco+ere% t" t "is (i'e " % been n tur &ize% s n 9meric n citizen n% sometime in 2<<<, &e rne% 'rom "is son t" t "is (i'e " % obt ine% %i+orce %ecree. 3is (i'e t"en m rrie% 1nnocent :t n&e) n% is no( current&) &i+in$ in : n 0 brie&, C &i'orni (it" "er c"i&% b) "im. Ci#ri no t"ere 'ter 'i&e% (it" t"e tri & court #etition 'or ut"orit) to rem rr) in+o5in$ P r $r #" 2 o' 9rtic&e 26 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e HFCI. No o##osition ( s 'i&e%. Fin%in$ merit in t"e #etition, t"e court $r nte% t"e s me. !"e Be#ub&ic, "erein #etitioner, t"rou$" t"e /''ice o' t"e :o&icitor 0ener & H/:0I, sou$"t reconsi%er tion but it ( s %enie%. 3ence, t"is #etition. 1::>?: 2"et"er or not res#on%ent c n rem rr) un%er 9rt. 26 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e 3?LD: !"e #etition is $r nte%. !"e /:0 conten%s t" t # r. 2 9rt. 26 o' FC is not ##&ic b&e to t"e inst nt c se bec use it on&) ##&ies to + &i% mi4e% m rri $eD t" t is, m rri $e ce&ebr te% bet(een Fi&i#ino citizen n% n &ien. Furt"ermore, t"e /:0 r$ues t"ere is no & ( t" t $o+erns t"e res#on%ent,s situ tion. !"e /:0 #osits t" t t"is is m tter o' &e$is& tion n% not o' Au%ici & %etermin tion.

!"e res#on%ent %mits t" t 9rt. 26 is not %irect&) ##&ic b&e to "is c se, but insists t" t since "is n tur &ize% &ien (i'e obt ine% %i+orce %ecree ("ic" c # cit te% "er to rem rr), "e is &i5e(ise c # cit te% b) o#er tion o' & ( #ursu nt to :ection 12, 9rtic&e 11 o' t"e Constitution. !"e Court note% t" t t"e #etition 'or ut"orit) to rem rr) 'i&e% be'ore t"e tri & court ctu &&) constitute% #etition 'or %ec& r tor) re&ie'. !"e re*uisites o' #etition 'or %ec& r tor) re&ie' re: H1I t"ere must be Austici b&e contro+ers)D H2I t"e contro+ers) must be bet(een #ersons ("ose interests re %+erseD H3I t" t t"e # rt) see5in$ t"e re&ie' " s &e$ & interest in t"econtro+ers)D n% H8I t" t t"e issue is ri#e 'or Au%ici & %etermin tion. !"is c se s tis'ies && t"e re*uisites 'or t"e $r nt o' #etition 'or %ec& r tor) re&ie'. 9rtic&e 26 %oes not ##e r to $o+ern t"e situ tion #resente% b) t"e c se t " n%. 1t seems to ##&) on&) to c ses ("ere t t"e time o' t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"e m rri $e, t"e # rties re Fi&i#ino citizen n% 'orei$ner. !"e inst nt c se is one ("ere t t"e time t"e m rri $e ( s so&emnize%, t"e # rties (ere t(o Fi&i#ino citizens, but & ter on, t"e (i'e ( s n tur &ize% s n 9meric n citizen n% subse*uent&) obt ine% %i+orce $r ntin$ "er c # cit) to rem rr), n% in%ee% s"e rem rrie% n 9meric n citizen ("i&e resi%in$ in t"e >:9. Becor%s o' t"e #rocee%in$s o' t"e FC %e&iber tions s"o(e% t" t t"e intent o' P r $r #" 2 o' 9rtic&e 26, ccor%in$ to Ju%$e 9&ici :em#io-Di), member o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e Be+ision Committee, is to +oi% t"e bsur% situ tion ("ere t"e Fi&i#ino s#ouse rem ins m rrie% to t"e &ien s#ouse ("o, 'ter obt inin$ %i+orce, is no &on$er m rrie% to t"e Fi&i#ino s#ouse. P r $r #" 2 o' 9rtic&e 26 tr ces its ori$in to t"e 1985 c se o' E n Dorn +. Bomi&&o, Jr., ("ic" in+o&+e% m rri $e bet(een Fi&i#ino citizen n% 'orei$ner ("ere t"e Court "e&% t" t %i+orce %ecree + &i%&) obt ine% b) t"e &ien s#ouse is + &i% in t"e P"i&i##ines, n% conse*uent&), t"e Fi&i#ino s#ouse is c # cit te% to rem rr) un%er P"i&i##ine & (. 1n t"e 1998 c se o' ;uit +. Court o' 9##e &s, t"e # rties (ere Fi&i#ino citizens ("en t"e) $ot m rrie%. !"e (i'e bec me n tur &ize% 9meric n citizen in 1958 n% obt ine% %i+orce in t"e s me )e r. !"e Court t"erein "inte%, b) ( ) o' obiter %ictum, t" t Fi&i#ino %i+orce% b) "is n tur &ize% 'orei$n s#ouse is no &on$er m rrie% un%er P"i&i##ine & ( n% c n t"us rem rr). !"us, t 5in$ into consi%er tion t"e &e$is& ti+e intent n% ##&)in$ t"e ru&e o' re son, t"e Court "o&%s t" t P r $r #" 2 o' 9rtic&e 26 s"ou&% be inter#rete% to inc&u%e c ses in+o&+in$ # rties ("o, t t"e time o' t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"e m rri $e (ere Fi&i#ino citizens, but & ter on, one o' t"em bec me n tur &ize% s 'orei$n citizen n% obt ine% %i+orce %ecree. !"e Fi&i#ino s#ouse s"ou&% &i5e(ise be &&o(e% to rem rr) s i' t"e ot"er # rt) (ere 'orei$ner t t"e time o' t"e so&emniz tion o' t"e m rri $e. !o ru&e ot"er(ise (ou&% be to s nction bsur%it) n% inAustice. 1n +ie( o' t"e 'ore$oin$, t"e t(in e&ements 'or t"e ##&ic tion o' P r $r #" 2 o' 9rtic&e 26 re s 'o&&o(s: H1I !"ere is + &i% m rri $e t" t " s been ce&ebr te% bet(een Fi&i#ino citizen n% 'orei$nerD n% H2I 9 + &i% %i+orce is obt ine% bro % b) t"e &ien s#ouse c # cit tin$ "im or "er to rem rr). !"e rec5onin$ #oint is not t"e citizens"i# o' t"e # rties t t"e time o' t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"e m rri $e, but t"eir citizens"i# t t"e time + &i% %i+orce is obt ine% bro % b) t"e &ien s#ouse c # cit tin$ t"e & tter to rem rr).

1n t"is c se, ("en Ci#ri no,s (i'e ( s n tur &ize% s n 9meric n citizen, t"ere ( s sti&& + &i% m rri $e t" t " % been ce&ebr te% bet(een "er n% Ci#ri no. !"en t"e n tur &ize% &ien (i'e subse*uent&) obt ine% + &i% %i+orce c # cit tin$ "er to rem rr). C&e r&), t"e t(in re*uisites 'or t"e ##&ic tion o' P r $r #" 2 o' 9rtic&e 26 re bot" s tis'ie%. !"us Ci#ri no, t"e -%i+orce%. Fi&i#ino s#ouse, s"ou&% be &&o(e% to rem rr). 3o(e+er, t"e Court notes t" t t"e recor%s re bere't o' com#etent e+i%ence %u&) submitte% b) res#on%ent concernin$ t"e %i+orce %ecree n% t"e n tur &iz tion o' res#on%ent,s (i'e. 1t is sett&e% ru&e t" t one ("o &&e$es ' ct " s t"e bur%en o' #ro+in$ it n% mere &&e$ tion is not e+i%ence. For "is #&e to #ros#er, t"e res#on%ent must #ro+e "is &&e$ tion t" t "is (i'e ( s n tur &ize% s n 9meric n citizen, must #ro+e t"e %i+orce s ' ct n% %emonstr te its con'ormit) to t"e 'orei$n & ( &&o(in$ it, n% t" t suc" 'orei$n & ( must &so be #ro+e% s our courts c nnot t 5e Au%ici & notice o' 'orei$n & (s. Furt"ermore, t"e res#on%ent must &so s"o( t" t t"e %i+orce %ecree &&o(s "is 'ormer (i'e to rem rr) s s#eci'ic &&) re*uire% in 9rtic&e 26. /t"er(ise, t"ere (ou&% be no e+i%ence su''icient to %ec& re t" t "e is c # cit te% to enter into not"er m rri $e. Ne+ert"e&ess, t"e Court is un nimous in "o&%in$ t" t P r $r #" 2 o' 9rtic&e 26 o' t"e FC s"ou&% be inter#rete% to &&o( Fi&i#ino citizen, ("o " s been %i+orce% b) s#ouse ("o " % c*uire% 'orei$n citizens"i# n% rem rrie%, &so to rem rr). 3o(e+er, %ue to & c5 o' su''icient e+i%ence submitte% n% on recor%, t"e Court is un b&e to %ec& re, b se% on t"e res#on%ent,s b re &&e$ tions t" t "is (i'e, ("o ( s n tur &ize% s n 9meric n citizen, " % obt ine% %i+orce %ecree n% " % rem rrie% n 9meric n, t" t t"e res#on%ent is no( c # cit te% to rem rr). :uc" %ec& r tion cou&% on&) be m %e #ro#er&) u#on t"e res#on%ent,s submission o' t"e 'orecite% e+i%ence in "is ' +or. MARRIA&ES EFEMPT 9ROM LICENSE RE#,IREMENT (ARTICLE 2?-%@) N(na" vs. 0a$ad 4 328 "CRA 122 9ACTS: Pe#ito Nin & ( s m rrie% (it" !eo%u&' =e&&ones on :e#tember 26, 1968. !"e) " % 3 c"i&%ren n me&) = b)&ine, 1n$ri% n% 9rc"ie, #etitioners. Due to t"e s"ot in'&icte% b) Pe#ito to !eo%u&' , t"e & tter %ie% on 9#ri& 28, 1985 &e +in$ t"e c"i&%ren un%er t"e $u r%i ns"i# o' ?n$r ce Nin &. 1 )e r n% 8 mont"s & ter, Pe#ito n% Norm = % )o$ $ot m rrie% (it"out n) m rri $e &icense. !"e) institute% n ''i% +it st tin$ t" t t"e) " % &i+e% to$et"er 'or t &e st 5 )e rs e4em#tin$ 'rom securin$ t"e m rri $e &icense. Pe#ito %ie% in c r cci%ent on Febru r) 19, 1966. 9'ter "is %e t", #etitioners 'i&e% #etition 'or %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' t"e m rri $e o' Pe#ito n% Norm &&e$in$ t" t s i% m rri $e ( s +oi% 'or & c5 o' m rri $e &icense. ISS,ES: 1. 2"et"er or not t"e secon% m rri $e o' Pe#ito ( s +oi%C 2. 2"et"er or not t"e "eirs o' t"e %ece se% m ) 'i&e 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' t"e nu&&it) o' Pe#ito,s m rri $e 'ter "is %e t"C 6ELD:

!"e m rri $e o' Pe#ito n% Norm is +oi% 'or bsence o' t"e m rri $e &icense. !"e) c nnot be e4em#te% e+en t"ou$" t"e) institute% n ''i% +it n% c& ime% t" t t"e) co" bit 'or t &e st 5 )e rs bec use 'rom t"e time o' Pe#ito,s 'irst m rri $e ( s %isso&+e% to t"e time o' "is m rri $e (it" Norm , on&) bout 2< mont"s " % e& #se%. 9&beit, Pe#ito n% "is 'irst (i'e " % se# r te% in ' ct, n% t"ere 'ter bot" Pe#ito n% Norm " % st rte% &i+in$ (it" e c" ot"er t" t " s &re %) & ste% 'or 'i+e )e rs, t"e ' ct rem ins t" t t"eir 'i+e-)e r #erio% co" bit tion ( s not t"e co" bit tion contem#& te% b) & (. 3ence, "is m rri $e to Norm is sti&& +oi%. Eoi% m rri $es re %eeme% to " +e not t 5en #& ce n% c nnot be t"e source o' ri$"ts. 1t c n be *uestione% e+en 'ter t"e %e t" o' one o' t"e # rties n% n) #ro#er intereste% # rt) m ) tt c5 +oi% m rri $e. ,a%0a%o '(. "a%-+e0 A, No. ,T34001329, ,ar-+ 8, 2001 9ACTS: 3ermini =orA -7 nz no ( s t"e & ('u& (i'e o' t"e & te D +i% 7 nz no " +in$ been m rrie% on 7 ) 21, 1966 in : n 0 brie& 9rc" n$e& P ris" in C &ooc n. !"e) " % 'our c"i&%ren. /n 7 rc" 22, 1993, "er "usb n% contr cte% not"er m rri $e (it" Luz+imin% P ) o be'ore res#on%ent Ju%$e. !"e m rri $e contr ct c&e r&) st te% t" t bot" contr ctin$ # rties (ere -se# r te%. t"us, res#on%ent Ju%$e ou$"t to 5no( t" t t"e m rri $e ( s +oi% n% bi$ mous. 3e c& ims t" t ("en "e o''ici te% t"e m rri $e o' D +i% n% P ) o, "e 5ne( t" t t"e t(o " % been &i+in$ to$et"er s "usb n% n% (i'e 'or se+en )e rs s m ni'este% in t"eir Aoint ''i% +it t" t t"e) bot" &e't t"eir ' mi&ies n% " % ne+er co" bit or communic te% (it" t"eir s#ouses %ue to const nt *u rre&s. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e so&emniz tion o' m rri $e bet(een t(o contr ctin$ # rties ("o bot" " +e n e4istin$ m rri $e c n contr ct m rri $e i' t"e) " +e been co" bit tin$ 'or 5 )e rs un%er 9rtic&e 38 o' F mi&) Co%e. 6ELD: 9mon$ t"e re*uisites o' 9rtic&e 38 is t" t # rties must " +e no &e$ & im#e%iment to m rr) e c" ot"er. Consi%erin$ t" t bot" # rties " s subsistin$ m rri $e, s in%ic te% in t"eir m rri $e contr ct t" t t"e) re bot" -se# r te%. is n im#e%iment t" t (ou&% m 5e t"eir subse*uent m rri $e nu&& n% +oi%. Just &i5e se# r tion, 'ree n% +o&unt r) co" bit tion (it" not"er #erson 'or t &e st 5 )e rs %oes not se+ere t"e tie o' subsistin$ #re+ious m rri $e. C&e r&), res#on%ent Ju%$e : nc"ez %emonstr te% $ross i$nor nce o' t"e & ( ("en "e so&emnize% +oi% n% bi$ mous m rri $e. ,ar a&e.u '(. CA GR NO. 5#0)2, 3a%uary 24, 1992 9ACTS: Lu#o 7 ri te$ui %ie% (it"out (i&& on June 26, 1953 n% contr cte% 3 m rri $es %urin$ "is &i'etime. 3e c*uire% t"e 7untin&u# ?st te ("i&e "e ( s sti&& b c"e&or. 3e " % 8 c"i&%ren (it" "is 'irst (i'e ?usebi 7onte&& no, ("o %ie% in 19<8 n me&) = &%omer , 7 ri %e& Bos rio, >rb no n% 1reneo. = &%omer " % 6 c"i&%ren n me&) 9ntero, Bu'in , C t &ino, 7 ri , 0er r%o, Eir$ini n% Fe%erico, && surn me% ?s#in . 1reneo on t"e ot"er " n% " % son n me% Bu#erto. /n t"e ot"er " n%, Lu#o,s secon% (i'e is F& +i n 7onte&& no ("ere

t"e) " % % u$"ter n me% Cresenci n . Lu#o $ot m rrie% 'or t"e t"ir% time in 193< (it" Fe&i# Ee& sco n% " % 3 c"i&%ren n me&) J cinto, Ju&i n n% P u&in . J cinto testi'ie% t" t "is # rents $ot m rrie% be'ore Justice o' t"e Pe ce o' ! $ui$ Biz &. !"e s#ouses %e#orte% t"emse&+es s "usb n% n% (i'e, n% (ere 5no(n in t"e communit) to be suc". Lu#o,s %escen% nts b) "is 'irst n% secon% m rri $es e4ecute% %ee% o' e4tr Au%ici & # rtition ("ereb) t"e) %Au%ic te% t"emse&+es Lot N/. 163 o' t"e 7untin&u# ?st te n% ( s subAecte% to +o&unt r) re$istr tion #rocee%in$s n% %ecree or%erin$ t"e re$istr tion o' t"e &ot ( s issue%. !"e sib&in$s in t"e t"ir% m rri $e #r )e% 'or inc&usion in t"e # rtition o' t"e est te o' t"eir %ece se% ' t"er n% nnu&ment o' t"e %ee% o' e4tr Au%ici & # rtition % te% Dec. 1966. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e m rri $e o' Lu#o (it" Fe&i# is + &i% in t"e bsence o' &icense. 6ELD: m rri $e

m rri $e on No+ember 1986. Fin%in$s o' ' cts o' t"e Court o' 9##e &s re bin%in$ in t"e :u#reme Court. !"e so&emniz tion o' m rri $e (it"out #rior &icense is c&e r +io& tion o' t"e & ( n% in+ &i% tes m rri $e. Furt"ermore, -t"e ' &sit) o' t"e &&e$ tion in t"e s(orn ''i% +it re& tin$ to t"e #erio% o' Jose n% Fe&is ,s co" bit tion, ("ic" (ou&% " +e *u &i'ie% t"eir m rri $e s n e4ce#tion to t"e re*uirement 'or m rri $e &icense, c nnot be mere irre$u& rit), 'or it re'ers to *uintessenti & ' ct t" t t"e & ( #recise&) re*uire% to be %e#ose% n% tteste% to b) t"e # rties un%er o t".. 3ence, Jose n% Fe&is ,s m rri $e is +oi% b initio. !"e court &so ru&e% t" t n ction 'or nu&&it) o' m rri $e is im#rescri#tib&e. !"e ri$"t to im#u$n m rri $e %oes not #rescribe n% m ) be r ise% n) time. VOID AND VOIDA0LE MARRIA&ES (ARTICLE %/-/@) ARTICLE %/

9&t"ou$" no m rri $e certi'ic te ( s intro%uce% to #ro+e Lu#o n% Fe&i# ,s m rri $e, no e+i%ence ( s &i5e(ise o''ere% to contro+ert t"ese ' cts. 7oreo+er, t"e mere ' ct t" t no recor% o' t"e m rri $e e4ists %oes not in+ &i% te t"e m rri $e, #ro+i%e% && re*uisites 'or its + &i%it) re #resent. >n%er t"ese circumst nces, m rri $e m ) be #resume% to " +e t 5en #& ce bet(een Lu#o n% Fe&i# . !"e & (s #resume t" t m n n% (om n, %e#ortin$ t"emse&+es s "usb n% n% (i'e, " +e entere% into & ('u& contr ct o' m rri $eD t" t c"i&% born in & ('u& (e%&oc5, t"ere bein$ no %i+orce, bso&ute or 'rom be% n% bo r% is &e$itim teD n% t" t t"in$s " +e " ##ene% ccor%in$ to t"e or%in r) course o' n ture n% t"e or%in r) " bits o' &i'e. 3ence, Fe&i# ,s c"i&%ren re &e$itim te n% t"ere'ore " +e succession & ri$"ts. Re!u2"(' vs. Da$ GR No. 1#5581, ,ar-+ 28, 2008 9ACTS: Jose n% Fe&is D )ot (ere m rrie% t t"e P s ) Cit) 3 && on No+ember 28, 1986. 1n &ieu o' m rri $e &icense, t"e) e4ecute% s(orn ''i% +it t" t t"e) " % &i+e% to$et"er 'or t &e st 5)e rs. /n 9u$ust 199<, Jose contr cte% m rri $e (it" cert in Bu'in P scu &. !"e) (ere bot" em#&o)ees o' t"e N tion & :t tistics n% Coor%in tin$ =o r%. Fe&is t"en 'i&e% on June 1993 n ction 'or bi$ m) $ inst Jose n% n %ministr ti+e com#& int (it" t"e /''ice o' t"e /mbu%sm n. /n t"e ot"er " n%, Jose 'i&e% com#& int on Ju&) 1993 'or nnu&ment n%Qor %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' m rri $e ("ere "e conten%e% t" t "is m rri $e (it" Fe&is ( s s" m n% "is consent ( s secure% t"rou$" 'r u%. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not Jose,s m rri $e (it" Fe&is is + &i% consi%erin$ t" t t"e) e4ecute% s(orn ''i% +it in &ieu o' t"e m rri $e &icense re*uirement. 6ELD: C9 in%ubit b&) est b&is"e% t" t Jose n% Fe&is " +e not &i+e% to$et"er 'or 'i+e )e rs t t"e time t"e) e4ecute% t"eir s(orn ''i% +it n% contr cte% m rri $e. Jose n% Fe&is st rte% &i+in$ to$et"er on&) in June 1986, or b re&) 'i+e mont"s be'ore t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"eir

D 1(n4 vs. CA 22) "CRA 5#2 9ACTS: :o&e% % Domin$o, m rrie% (it" Boberto Domin$o in 1966, 'i&e% #etition 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' m rri $e n% se# r tion o' #ro#ert). :"e %i% not 5no( t" t Domin$o " % been #re+ious&) m rrie% to ?mer&in% %e& P z in 1969. :"e c me to 5no( t"e #re+ious m rri $e ("en t"e & tter 'i&e% suit o' bi$ m) $ inst "er. Furt"ermore, ("en s"e c me "ome 'rom : u%i %urin$ "er one-mont" &e +e 'rom (or5, s"e %isco+ere% t" t Boberto co" bite% (it" not"er (om n n% " % been %is#osin$ some o' "er #ro#erties ("ic" is %ministere% b) Boberto. !"e & tter c& ims t" t bec use t"eir m rri $e ( s +oi% b initio, t"e %ec& r tion o' suc" +oi% nce is unnecess r) n% su#er'&uous. /n t"e ot"er " n%, :o&e% % insists t"e %ec& r tion o' t"e nu&&it) o' m rri $e not 'or t"e #ur#ose o' rem rri $e, but in or%er to #ro+i%e b sis 'or t"e se# r tion n% %istribution o' #ro#erties c*uire% %urin$ t"e m rri $e. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not rem rri $e. 6ELD: !"e %ec& r tion o' t"e nu&&it) o' m rri $e is in%ee% re*uire% 'or #ur#ose% o' rem rri $e. 3o(e+er, it is &so necess r) 'or t"e #rotection o' t"e subse*uent s#ouse ("o be&ie+e% in $oo% ' it" t" t "is or "er # rtner ( s not & ('u&&) m rrie% m rries t"e s me. 2it" t"is, t"e s i% #erson is 'ree% 'rom bein$ c" r$e% (it" bi$ m). 2"en m rri $e is %ec& re% +oi% b initio, & ( st tes t" t 'in & Au%$ment s" && #ro+i%e 'or t"e &i*ui% tion, # rtition n% %istribution o' t"e #ro#erties o' t"e s#ouses, t"e custo%) n% su##ort o' t"e common c"i&%ren n% t"e %e&i+er) o' t"eir #resum#ti+e &e$itimes, un&ess suc" m tters " % been %Au%ic te% in #re+ious Au%ici & #rocee%in$s. :o&e% %,s #r )er 'or se# r tion o' #ro#ert) (i&& sim#&) be t"e necess r) conse*uence o' t"e Au%ici & %ec& r tion o' bso&ute nu&&it) o' t"eir m rri $e. 3ence, t"e #etitioner,s su$$estion t" t 'or t"eir #ro#erties be se# r te%, n or%in r) ci+i& ction " s to be institute% 'or t" t #ur#ose is b se&ess. !"e F mi&) Co%e " s c&e r&) #ro+i%e% t"e e''ects o' t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' m rri $e, one o' ("ic" is t"e se# r tion o' #ro#ert) ccor%in$ to t"e re$ime o' #ro#ert) re& tions $o+ernin$ t"em. #etition 'or Au%ici & %ec& r tion s"ou&% on&) be 'i&e% 'or #ur#oses o'

ARTICLE %) Repub! - '(. CA a%5 ,o! %a G.R. No. 108#)3 February 13, 199# 9ACTS: !"e c se t b r c" &&en$es t"e %ecision o' C9 ''irmin$ t"e m rri $e o' t"e res#on%ent Bori%e& 7o&in to Be)n &%o 7o&in +oi% in t"e $roun% o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). !"e cou#&e $ot m rrie% in 1985, 'ter )e r, Be)n &%o m ni'este% si$ns o' imm turit) n% irres#onsibi&it) bot" s "usb n% n% ' t"er #re'errin$ to s#en% more time (it" 'rien%s ("om "e s*u n%ere% "is mone), %e#en%s on "is # rents 'or i% n% ssist nce n% ( s ne+er "onest (it" "is (i'e in re$ r% to t"eir 'in nces. 1n 1986, t"e cou#&e " % n intense *u rre& n% s resu&t t"eir re& tions"i# ( s estr n$e%. Bori%e& *uit "er (or5 n% (ent to &i+e (it" "er # rents in = $uio Cit) in 1986 n% 'e( (ee5s & ter, Be)n &%o &e't "er n% t"eir c"i&%. :ince t"en "e b n%one% t"em. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e m rri $e is +oi% on t"e $roun% o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). 6ELD: !"e m rri $e bet(een Bori%e& n% Be)n &%o subsists n% rem ins + &i%. 2" t constitutes #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) is not mere s"o(in$ o' irreconci& b&e %i''erences n% con'&iction #erson &ities. 1t is in%is#ens b&e t" t t"e # rties must e4"ibit inc&in tions ("ic" (ou&% not meet t"e essenti & m rit & res#onsibi&ites n% %uties %ue to some #s)c"o&o$ic & i&&ness. Be)n &%o,s ction t t"e time o' t"e m rri $e %i% not m ni'est suc" c" r cteristics t" t (ou&% com#rise $roun%s 'or #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). !"e e+i%ence s"o(n b) Bori%e& mere&) s"o(e% t" t s"e n% "er "usb n% c nnot $et &on$ (it" e c" ot"er n% " % not s"o(n $r +it) o' t"e #rob&em neit"er its Auri%ic & ntece%ence nor its incur bi&it). 1n %%ition, t"e e4#ert testimon) b) Dr :ison s"o(e% no incur b&e #s)c"i tric %isor%er but on&) incom# tibi&it) ("ic" is not consi%ere% s #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). !"e 'o&&o(in$ re t"e $ui%e&ines s to t"e $roun%s o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) & i% set 'ort" in t"is c se: bur%en o' #roo' to s"o( nu&&it) be&on$s to t"e #& inti'' root c uses o' t"e inc # cit) must be me%ic &&) n% c&inic &&) inc&ine% suc" inc # cit) s"ou&% be in e4istence t t"e time o' t"e m rri $e suc" inc # cit) must be $r +e so s to %is b&e t"e #erson in com#&)in$ (it" t"e essenti &s o' m rit & ob&i$ tions o' m rri $e suc" inc # cit) must be embr ce% in 9rt. 68-61 s (e&& s 9rt 22<, 221 n% 225 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e %ecision o' t"e N tion & 7 trimoni & 9##e&& te Court or t"e C t"o&ic C"urc" must be res#ecte% court s" && or%er t"e #rosecutin$ ttorne) n% t"e 'isc & ssi$ne% to it to ct on be" &' o' t"e st te. LEO,EL SANTOS+ Pe-(-( ner+ vs. T6E 6ONORA0LE CO,RT O9 APPEALS AND =,LIA ROSARIO 0EDIA-SANTOS+ Res! nden-s. &.R. N . 112.17 =anuar$ @+ 177/

Leoue&,

member o' t"e 9rm), met Ju&i in 1&oi&o Cit). 1n :e#tember 1986, t"e) $ot m rrie%. son in 1986. !"eir m rri $e,

!"e cou#&e & tter &i+e% (it" Ju&i ,s # rents. Ju&i $ +e birt" to

"o(e+er, ( s m rre% b) t"e 're*uent inter'erence o' Ju&i ,s # rent s +erre% b) Leoue&. !"e cou#&e &so occ sion &&) *u rre&s bout s to, mon$ ot"er t"in$s, ("en s"ou&% t"e) st rt &i+in$ in%e#en%ent&) 'rom Ju&i ,s # rents. 1n 1988, Ju&i (ent to t"e >: to (or5 s nurse %es#ite Leoue&,s o##osition. 6 mont"s & ter, s"e n% Leoue& $ot to t &5 n% s"e #romise% to return "ome in 1989. :"e ne+er (ent "ome t" t )e r. 1n 199<, Leoue& $ot t"e c" nce to be in t"e >: %ue to mi&it r) tr inin$. Durin$ "is st ), "e %es#er te&) trie% to &oc te "is (i'e but to no + i&. Leoue&, in n e''ort to t &e st " +e "is (i'e come "ome, 'i&e% to nu&&i') t"eir m rri $e %ue to Ju&i ,s #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). Leoue& sserte% t" t %ue to Ju&i ,s ' i&ure to return "ome or t &e st communic te (it" "im e+en (it" && "is e''ort constitutes #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). Ju&i tt c5e% t"e com#& int n% s"e s i% t" t it is Leoue& ("o is

incom#etent. !"e #rosecutor scert ine% t" t t"ere is no co&&usion bet(een t"e t(o. Leoue&,s #etition is "o(e+er %enie% b) t"e &o(er n% ##e&& te court. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) is tten% nt to t"e c se t b r. 6ELD: =e'ore %eci%in$ on t"e c se, t"e :C note% t" t t"e F mi&) Co%e %i% not %e'ine t"e term O#s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit)., ("ic" is %o#te% 'rom t"e C t"o&ic C non L (. =ut b sin$ it on t"e %e&iber tions o' t"e F mi&) Co%e Be+ision Committee, t"e #ro+ision in P1, %o#te% (it" &ess s#eci'icit) t" n e4#ecte%, " s been %esi$ne% to &&o( some resi&ienc) in its ##&ic tion. !"e FCBC %i% not $i+e n) e4 m#&es o' P1 'or 'e r t" t t"e $i+in$ o' e4 m#&es (ou&% &imit t"e ##&ic bi&it) o' t"e #ro+ision un%er t"e #rinci#&e o' eAus%em $eneris. B t"er, t"e FCBC (ou&% &i5e t"e Au%$e to inter#ret t"e #ro+ision on c se-to-c se b sis, $ui%e% b) e4#erience, t"e 'in%in$s o' e4#erts n% rese rc"ers in #s)c"o&o$ic & %isci#&ines, n% b) %ecisions o' c"urc" tribun &s ("ic", &t"ou$" not bin%in$ on t"e ci+i& courts, m ) be $i+en #ersu si+e e''ect since t"e #ro+ision ( s t 5en 'rom C non L (. !"e term O#s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit)O %e'ies n) #recise %e'inition since #s)c"o&o$ic & c uses c n be o' n in'inite + riet). 9rtic&e 36 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e c nnot be t 5en n% construe% in%e#en%ent&) o' but must st n% in conAunction (it", e4istin$ #rece#ts in our & ( on m rri $e. P1 s"ou&% re'er to no &ess t" n #")sic &I inc # cit) t" t c uses ment & Hnot # rt) to be tru&) inco$niti+e o' t"e b sic m rit & co+en nts

t" t concomit nt&) must be ssume% n% %isc" r$e% b) t"e # rties to t"e m rri $e ("ic" H9rt. 68I, inc&u%e t"eir mutu & ob&i$ tions to &i+e to$et"er, obser+e &o+e, res#ect n% 'i%e&it) n% ren%er "e&# n% su##ort. !"e inten%ment o' t"e & ( " s been to con'ine t"e me nin$ o' P1 to t"e most serious c ses o' #erson &it) %isor%ers c&e r&) %emonstr ti+e o' n utter insensiti+it) or in bi&it) to $i+e me nin$ n% si$ni'ic nce to t"e m rri $e. !"is #s)c"o&o$ic & con%ition must e4ist t t"e time t"e m rri $e is ce&ebr te%.

!"e :C &so notes t" t P1 must be c" r cterize% b) H I $r +it), HbI Auri%ic & ntece%ence, n% HcI incur bi&it). !"e inc # cit) must be $r +e or serious suc" t" t t"e # rt) (ou&% be inc # b&e o' c rr)in$ out t"e or%in r) %uties re*uire% in m rri $eD it must be roote% in t"e "istor) o' t"e # rt) nte% tin$ t"e m rri $e, &t"ou$" t"e o+ert m ni'est tions m ) emer$e on&) 'ter t"e m rri $eD n% it must be incur b&e or, e+en i' it (ere ot"er(ise, t"e cure (ou&% be be)on% t"e me ns o' t"e # rt) in+o&+e%. 1n t"e c se t b r, &t"ou$" Leoue& st n%s $$rie+e%, "is #etition must be %ismisse% bec use t"e &&e$e% P1 o' "is (i'e is not c&e r&) s"o(n b) t"e ' ctu & settin$s #resente%. !"e ' ctu & settin$s %o not come c&ose to to t"e st n% r% re*uire% to %ecree nu&&it) o' m rri $e. Re!u2"(' vs. #u(n-er -6a1an GR No. 149498, ,ay 20, 2004 9ACTS: Lo&it ;uintero-3 m no 'i&e% com#& int in 1996 'or %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' "er m rri $e (it" !os"io 3 m no, J # nese n tion &, on t"e $roun% o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). :"e n% !os"io st rte% common-& ( re& tions"i# in J # n n% &i+e% in t"e P"i&i##ines 'or mont". !"ere 'ter, !os"io (ent b c5 to J # n n% st )e% t"ere 'or " &' o' 1986. Lo&it t"en $ +e birt" on No+ember 16, 1986. 1n 1988, Lo&it n% !os"io $ot m rrie% in 7!C-= coor, C +ite. 9'ter mont" o' t"eir m rri $e, !os"io returne% to J # n n% #romise% to return b) C"ristm s to ce&ebr te t"e "o&i% )s (it" "is ' mi&). !os"io sent mone) 'or t(o mont"s n% 'ter t" t "e sto##e% $i+in$ 'in nci & su##ort. :"e (rote "im se+er & times but ne+er res#on%ent. 1n 1991, s"e &e rne% 'rom "er 'rien% t" t !os"io +isite% t"e countr) but %i% not bot"er to see "er nor t"eir c"i&%. !os"io ( s no &on$er resi%in$ t "is $i+en %%ress t"us summons issue% to "im rem ine% unser+e%. Conse*uent&), in 1996, Lo&it 'i&e% n e4 # rte motion 'or &e +e to e''ect ser+ice o' summons b) #ub&ic tion. !"e motion ( s $r nte% n% t"e summons, ccom# nie% b) co#) o' t"e #etition, ( s #ub&is"e% in ne(s# #er o' $ener & circu& tion $i+in$ !os"io 15 % )s to 'i&e "is ns(er. !os"io 'i&e% to res#on% 'ter t"e & #se o' 6< % )s 'rom #ub&ic tion, t"us, Lo&it 'i&e% motion to re'er t"e c se to t"e #rosecutor 'or in+esti$ tion. ISS,E: 2"et"er !os"io ( s #s)c"o&o$ic &&) inc # cit te% to #er'orm "is m rit & ob&i$ tion. 6ELD: !"e Court is min%'u& o' t"e 1986 Constitution to #rotect n% stren$t"en t"e ' mi&) s b sic utonomous soci & institution n% m rri $e s t"e 'oun% tion o' t"e ' mi&). !"us, n) %oubt s"ou&% be reso&+e% in ' +or o' t"e + &i%it) o' t"e m rri $e.

!os"io,s ct o' b n%onment ( s %oubt&ess&) irres#onsib&e but it ( s ne+er &&e$e% nor #ro+en to be %ue to some 5in% o' #s)c"o&o$ic & i&&ness. 9&t"ou$" s ru&e, ctu & me%ic & e4 min tions re not nee%e%, it (ou&% " +e $re t&) "e&#e% Lo&it " % s"e #resente% e+i%ence t" t me%ic &&) or c&inic &&) i%enti'ie% !os"io,s i&&ness. !"is cou&% " +e been %one t"rou$" n e4#ert (itness. 1t is essenti & t" t #erson s"o( inc # bi&it) o' %oin$ m rit & ob&i$ tion %ue to some #s)c"o&o$ic &, not #")sic & i&&ness. 3ence, !os"io ( s not consi%ere% s #s)c"o&o$ic &&) inc # cit te%. C3 a vs. C3 a GR No. 14#33#), No'e2ber 2), 2002 9ACTS: Leni C"o n% 9&'onso C"o $ot m rrie% in 1981. !"e) " +e 2 c"i&%ren n me&) C"er)& L)nne n% 9&br) n. 1n 1993, 9&'onso 'i&e% n nnu&ment o' "is m rri $e to Leni. 9'ter( r%s, "e 'i&e% n men%e% com#& int 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' t"eir m rri $e b se% on #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). !"e c se (ent to tri & n% t"e tri & court 'urt"er "e&% t" t 9&'onso #resente% *u ntum e+i%ence t" t Leni nee%s to contro+ert 'or t"e %ismiss & o' t"e c se. 9&'onso c& ime% t" t Leni c" r$e% "im (it" #erAur), concubin $e n% %e#ort tion ("ic" s"o(s & tter,s #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) bec use ccor%in$ to "im it c&e r&) s"o(e% t" t "is (i'e not on&) ( nte% "im be"in% b rs but &so to b nis" outsi%e t"e countr). ISS,E: 2"et"er or not 9&'onso C"u #resente% *u ntum e+i%ence 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' "is m rri $e (it" Leni on t"e $roun% o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). 6ELD: !"e court "e&% t" t %ocuments #resente% b) 9&'onso %urin$ t"e tri & o' t"e c se %o not in n) ( ) s"o( t"e &&e$e% #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) o' "is (i'e. !"e e+i%ence ( s insu''icient n% s"o(s $r +e buse o' %iscretion bor%erin$ on bsur%it). 9&'onso testi'ie% n% com#& ine% bout t"ree s#ects o' Leni,s #erson &it) n me&) & c5 o' ttention to c"i&%ren, imm turit), n% & c5 o' n intention o' #rocre ti+e se4u &it) n% none o' t"ese t"ree, sin$&) or co&&ecti+e&), constitutes #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). Ps)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) must be c" r cterize% b) $r +it), Auri%ic & ntece%ence, n% incur bi&it). 1t must be more t" n Aust %i''icu&t), re'us & or ne$&ect in t"e #er'orm nce o' m rit & ob&i$ tions. 9 mere s"o(in$ o' irreconci& b&e %i''erences n% con'&ictin$ #erson &ities %oes not constitute #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). Furt"ermore, t"e testimoni & e+i%ence 'rom ot"er (itnesses ' i&e% to i%enti') n% #ro+e root c use o' t"e &&e$e% #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). 1t Aust est b&is"e% t" t t"e s#ouses " % n incom# tibi&it) or %e'ect t" t cou&% #ossib&) be tre te% or &&e+i te% t"rou$" #s)c"ot"er #). !"e tot &it) o' e+i%ence #resente% ( s com#&ete&) insu''icient to sust in 'in%in$ o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) more so (it"out n) me%ic &, #s)c"i tric or #s)c"o&o$ic & e4 min tion. An- n( vs. Re$es GR No. 155800, ,ar-+ 10, 200) 9ACTS:

Leoni&o 9ntonio, 26 )e rs o' $e, n% 7 rie 1+onne Be)es, 36 )e rs o' $e met in 1989. = re&) )e r 'ter t"eir 'irst meetin$, t"e) $ot m rrie% t 7 ni& Cit) 3 && n% t"en subse*uent c"urc" (e%%in$ t P si$ in December 199<. 9 c"i&% ( s born but %ie% 5 mont"s & ter. Be)es #ersistent&) &ie% bout "erse&', t"e #eo#&e roun% "er, "er occu# tion, income, e%uc tion & tt inment n% ot"er e+ents or t"in$s. :"e e+en %i% not conce & be rin$ n i&&e$itim te c"i&%, ("ic" s"e re#resente% to "er "usb n% s %o#te% c"i&% o' t"eir ' mi&). !"e) (ere se# r te% in 9u$ust 1991 n% 'ter ttem#t 'or reconci&i tion, "e 'in &&) &e't "er 'or $oo% in No+ember 1991. Petitioner t"en 'i&e% in 1993 #etition to " +e "is m rri $e (it" Be)es %ec& re% nu&& n% +oi% nc"ore% in 9rtic&e 36 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e. ISS,E: 2"et"er 9ntonio c n im#ose 9rtic&e 36 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e s b sis 'or %ec& rin$ t"eir m rri $e nu&& n% +oi%. 6ELD: Ps)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) #ert ins to t"e in bi&it) to un%erst n% t"e ob&i$ tions o' m rri $e s o##ose% to mere in bi&it) to com#&) (it" t"em. !"e #etitioner, si%e 'rom "is o(n testimon) #resente% #s)c"i trist n% c&inic & #s)c"o&o$ist ("o tteste% t" t const nt &)in$ n% e4treme Ae &ous) o' Be)es is bnorm & n% # t"o&o$ic & n% corrobor te% "is &&e$ tions on "is (i'e,s be" +ior, ("ic" mounts to #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). Bes#on%ent,s ' nt stic bi&it) to in+ent, ' bric te stories n% &etters o' 'ictitious c" r cters en b&e% "er to &i+e in (or&% o' m 5e-be&ie+e t" t m %e "er #s)c"o&o$ic &&) inc # cit te% s it ren%ere% "er inc # b&e o' $i+in$ me nin$ n% si$ni'ic nce to "er m rri $e. !"e root c uses o' Be)es, #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) " +e been me%ic &&) or c&inic &&) i%enti'ie% t" t ( s su''icient&) #ro+en b) e4#erts. !"e $r +it) o' res#on%ent,s #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) ( s consi%ere% so $r +e t" t restricti+e c& use ( s ##en%e% to t"e sentence o' nu&&it) #ro"ibite% b) t"e N tion & 9##e&& te 7 trimoni & !ribun & 'rom contr ctin$ m rri $e (it"out t"eir consent. 1t (ou&% be %i''icu&t 'or n in+eter te # t"o&o$ic & &i r to commit t"e b sic tenets o' re& tions"i# bet(een s#ouses b se% on &o+e, trust n% res#ect. Furt"ermore, Be)es, c se is incur b&e consi%erin$ t" t #etitioner trie% to reconci&e (it" "er but "er be" +ior rem in unc" n$e%. 3ence, t"e court conc&u%e t" t #etitioner " s est b&is"e% "is c use o' ction 'or %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) un%er 9rtic&e 36 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e. C6I MIN& TSOI+ !e-(-( ner+ vs. CO,RT O9 APPEALS and &INA LAO-TSOI+ &.R. N . 11717.. =anuar$ 1)+ 177? 9ACTS: res#on%ent 0in Loi n% #etitioner C"i 7in$ !soi (ere m rrie% t t"e 7 ni& C t"e%r & on 7 ) 22, 1988. 9'ter t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"eir m rri $e n% (e%%in$ rece#tion t t"e :out" Ei&& , 7 5 ti, t"e) (ent n% #rocee%e% to t"e "ouse o' %e'en% ntPs mot"er. !"ere, t"e) s&e#t to$et"er on t"e s me be% in t"e s me room 'or t"e 'irst ni$"t o' t"eir m rrie% &i'e. /##osite to 0in Ps e4#ect tions t" t t"e ne(&)(e%s (ere to enAo) m 5in$ &o+e or " +in$ se4u & intercourse (it" e c" ot"er, t"e %e'en% nt Aust (ent to be%, s&e#t on one si%e t"ereo', t"en turne% "is b c5 n% (ent to s&ee#. !"ere ("ere no se4u & intercourse occurre% %urin$ t"eir 'irst ni$"t, 1n n e''ort to " +e t"eir "one)moon in #ri+ te #& ce ("ere t"e) c n enAo) to$et"er %urin$ t"eir 'irst (ee5 s "usb n% n% (i'e, t"e) (ent to = $uio Cit). =ut, t"e) %i% so to$et"er (it" "er mot"er, n unc&e, "is mot"er n% "is ne#"e(. !"e) (ere && in+ite% b) t"e %e'en% nt to Aoin t"em. !"e) st )e% in = $uio Cit) 'or 'our H8I % )s. =ut, %urin$ t"is #erio%, t"ere ( s no se4u & intercourse bet(een t"em, since t"e %e'en% nt +oi%e% "er b) t 5in$ &on$ ( &5 %urin$ siest time or b) Aust s&ee#in$ on roc5in$ c" ir &oc te% t t"e &i+in$ room. !"e) s&e#t to$et"er in t"e s me room n% on t"e s me be% since 7 ) 22, 1988 unti& 7 rc" 15,

1989. =ut %urin$ t"is #erio%, t"ere ( s no ttem#t o' se4u & intercourse bet(een t"em. :"e c& ims, t" t s"e %i% not e+en see "er "usb n%Ps #ri+ te # rts nor %i% "e see "ers. 9 c se ( s t"en 'i&e% to %ec& re t"e nnu&ment o' t"e m rri $e on t"e $roun% o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). 0in c& ims, t" t t"e %e'en% nt is im#otent, c&oset "omose4u & s "e %i% not s"o( "is #enis. :"e s i%, t" t s"e " % obser+e% t"e %e'en% nt usin$ n e)ebro( #enci& n% sometimes t"e c&e nsin$ cre m o' "is mot"er. 9n% t" t, ccor%in$ to "er, t"e %e'en% nt m rrie% "er, Fi&i#ino citizen, to c*uire or m int in "is resi%enc) st tus "ere in t"e countr) n% to #ub&ic&) m int in t"e ##e r nce o' norm & m n. !"e %e'en% nt %mitte% t" t since t"eir m rri $e on 7 ) 22, 1988, unti& t"eir se# r tion on 7 rc" 15, 1989, t"ere ( s no se4u & cont ct bet(een t"em. =ut, t"e re son 'or t"is, ccor%in$ to t"e %e'en% nt, ( s t" t e+er) time "e ( nts to " +e se4u & intercourse (it" "is (i'e, s"e &( )s +oi%e% "im n% ("ene+er "e c resses "er #ri+ te # rts, s"e &( )s remo+e% "is " n%s. !"e %e'en% nt c& ims, t" t "e 'orce% "is (i'e to " +e se4 (it" "im on&) once but "e %i% not continue bec use s"e ( s s" 5in$ n% s"e %i% not &i5e it. :o "e sto##e%. !"e %e'en% nt submitte% "imse&' to #")sic & e4 min tion. 3is #enis ( s e4 mine% b) Dr. :er$io 9&tez , Jr., 'or t"e #ur#ose o' 'in%in$ out ("et"er "e is im#otent. 9s resu&t t"ereo', Dr. 9&tez submitte% "is DoctorPs 7e%ic & Be#ort. 1t is st te% t"ere, t" t t"ere is no e+i%ence o' im#otenc), n% "e is c # b&e o' erection. !"e %octor s i%, t" t "e s5e% t"e %e'en% nt to m sturb te to 'in% out ("et"er or not "e " s n erection n% "e 'oun% out t" t 'rom t"e ori$in & size o' t(o H2I inc"es, or 'i+e H5I centimeters, t"e #enis o' t"e %e'en% nt &en$t"ene% b) one H1I inc" n% one centimeter. Dr. 9&tez s i%, t" t t"e %e'en% nt " % on&) so't erection ("ic" is (") "is #enis is not in its 'u&& &en$t". =ut, sti&& is c # b&e o' 'urt"er erection, in t" t (it" "is so't erection, t"e %e'en% nt is c # b&e o' " +in$ se4u & intercourse (it" (om n ISS,E: 1s t"e re'us & o' #ri+ te res#on%ent to " +e se4u & communion (it" #etitioner #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit)C 6ELD: /ne o' t"e essenti & m rit & ob&i$ tions un%er t"e F mi&) Co%e is -!o #rocre te c"i&%ren b se% on t"e uni+ers & #rinci#&e t" t #rocre tion o' c"i&%ren t"rou$" se4u & coo#er tion is t"e b sic en% o' m rri $e.. Continuous non-'u&'i&&ment o' t"is ob&i$ tion (i&& 'in &&) %estro) t"e inte$rit) o' t"e m rri $e, 1n t"e o' C"i 7in$ !soi, t"e sense&ess re'us & o' one o' t"e # rties to 'u&'i&& t"e bo+e m rit & ob&i$ tion is e*ui+ &ent to #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). 1' one o' t"e # rt), &t"ou$" #")sic &&) c # b&e but sim#&) re'uses to #er'orm "is or "er essenti & m rri $e ob&i$ tion, n% t"e re'us & is sense&ess n% const nt, 7 rri $e tribun &s ttribute t"e c uses to #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). !"e ' mi&) co%e #ro+i%es t" t t"e "usb n% n% t"e (i'e re ob&i$e% to &i+e to$et"er, obser+e mutu & &o+e, res#ect n% 'i%e&it). H9rt. 68, F mi&) Co%eI, t"e s nction t"ere'or is ctu &&) t"e Os#ont neous, mutu & ''ection bet(een "usb n% n% (i'e n% not n) &e$ & m n% te or court or%er. Lo+e is use&ess un&ess it is s" re% (it" not"er. 1n%ee%, no m n is n is& n%, t"e crue&est ct o' # rtner in m rri $e is to s ) O1 cou&% not " +e c re% &ess.O !"is is so bec use n un$i+en se&' is n un'u&'i&&e% se&'. !"e e$oist " s not"in$ but "imse&'. 1n t"e n tur & or%er, it is se4u & intim c) ("ic" brin$s s#ouses ("o&eness n% oneness. :e4u & intim c) is $i't n% # rtici# tion in t"e m)ster) o' cre tion. 1t is 'unction ("ic" en&i+ens t"e "o#e o' #rocre tion n% ensures t"e continu tion o' ' mi&) re& tions. !"is Court, 'in%in$ t"e $r +it) o' t"e ' i&e% re& tions"i# in ("ic" t"e # rties 'oun% t"emse&+es tr ##e% in its mire o' un'u&'i&&e% +o(s n% unconsumm te% m rit & ob&i$ tions, c n %o no &ess but sust in t"e stu%ie% Au%$ment o' res#on%ent ##e&& te court. 3ence t"e court ''irme% t"e %ecision o' t"e Court o' 9##e &s % te% No+ember 29, 1998. %ec& rin$ t"e m rri $e entere% into b) t"e #& inti'' (it" t"e %e'en% nt on 7 ) 22, 1988 t t"e 7 ni& C t"e%r &, = si&ic o'

t"e 1mm cu& te Conce#tion, 1ntr muros, 7 ni& , be'ore t"e Bt. Be+. 7s$r. 7e&encio %e Eer ,E/1D. Te vs. Te GR No. 1)1#93, February 13, 2009 9ACTS: Petitioner ?%( r% !e 'irst met res#on%ent Bo(en !e in $ t"erin$ or$ nize% b) t"e Fi&i#ino-C"inese ssoci tion in t"eir co&&e$e. 1niti &&), "e ( s ttr cte% to Bo(en ,s c&ose 'rien% but, s t"e & tter &re %) " % bo)'rien%, t"e )oun$ m n %eci%e% to court Bo(en , ("ic" " ##ene% in J nu r) 1996. 1t ( s Bo(en ("o s5e% t" t t"e) e&o#e but ?%( r% re'use% bic5erin$ t" t "e ( s )oun$ n% Aob&ess. 3er #ersistence, "o(e+er, m %e "im re&ent. !"e) &e't 7 ni& n% s i&e% to Cebu t" t mont"D "e, #ro+i%in$ t"eir tr +e& mone) o' P8<,<<< n% s"e, #urc" sin$ t"e bo t tic5et. !"e) %eci%e% to $o b c5 to 7 ni& in 9#ri& 1996. Bo(en #rocee%e% to "er unc&e,s "ouse n% ?%( r% to "is # rents, "ome. ?+entu &&) t"e) $ot m rrie% but (it"out m rri $e &icense. ?%( r% ( s #ro"ibite% 'rom $ettin$ out o' t"e "ouse un ccom# nie% n% ( s t"re tene% b) Bo(en n% "er unc&e. 9'ter mont", ?%( r% esc #e% 'rom t"e "ouse, n% st )e% (it" "is # rents. ?%( r%,s # rents ( nte% t"em to st ) t t"eir "ouse but Bo(en re'use% n% %em n%e% t" t t"e) " +e se# r te bo%e. 1n June 1996, s"e s i% t" t it ( s better 'or t"em to &i+e se# r te &i+es n% t"e) t"en # rte% ( )s. 9'ter 'our )e rs in J nu r) 2<<<, ?%( r% 'i&e% #etition 'or t"e nnu&ment o' "is m rri $e to Bo(en on t"e b sis o' t"e & tter,s #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e m rri $e contr cte% is +oi% on t"e $roun% o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). 6ELD: !"e # rties, ("ir&(in% re& tions"i# & ste% more or &ess si4 mont"s. !"e) met in J nu r) 1996, e&o#e% in 7 rc", e4c" n$e% m rit & +o(s in 7 ), n% # rte% ( )s in June. !"e #s)c"o&o$ist ("o #ro+i%e% e4#ert testimon) 'oun% bot" # rties #s)c"o&o$ic &&) inc # cit te%. Petitioner,s be" +ior & # ttern ' &&s un%er t"e c& ssi'ic tion o' %e#en%ent #erson &it) %isor%er, n% res#on%ent,s, t" t o' t"e n rcissistic n% ntisoci & #erson &it) %isor%er !"ere is no re*uirement t" t t"e #erson to be %ec& re% #s)c"o&o$ic &&) inc # cit te% be #erson &&) e4 mine% b) #")sici n, i' t"e tot &it) o' e+i%ence #resente% is enou$" to sust in 'in%in$ o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). Eeri&), t"e e+i%ence must s"o( &in5, me%ic & or t"e &i5e, bet(een t"e cts t" t m ni'est #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit) n% t"e #s)c"o&o$ic & %isor%er itse&'. !"e #resent tion o' e4#ert #roo' #resu##oses t"orou$" n% in-%e#t" ssessment o' t"e # rties b) t"e #s)c"o&o$ist or e4#ert, 'or conc&usi+e %i $nosis o' $r +e, se+ere n% incur b&e #resence o' #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit). 1n%ee%, #etitioner, ''&icte% (it" %e#en%ent #erson &it) %isor%er, c nnot ssume t"e essenti & m rit & ob&i$ tions o' &i+in$ to$et"er, obser+in$ &o+e, res#ect n% 'i%e&it) n% ren%erin$ "e&# n% su##ort, 'or "e is un b&e to m 5e e+er)% ) %ecisions (it"out %+ice 'rom ot"ers, n% &&o(s ot"ers to m 5e most o' "is im#ort nt %ecisions Hsuc" s ("ere to &i+eI. 9s c&e r&) s"o(n in t"is c se, #etitioner 'o&&o(e% e+er)t"in$ %ict te% to "im b) t"e #ersons roun% "im.

3e is insecure, (e 5 n% $u&&ib&e, " s no sense o' "is i%entit) s #erson, " s no co"esi+e se&' to s#e 5 o', n% " s no $o &s n% c&e r %irection in &i'e. 9s 'or t"e res#on%ent, "er bein$ ''&icte% (it" ntisoci & #erson &it) %isor%er m 5es "er un b&e to ssume t"e essenti & m rit & ob&i$ tions on ccount 'or "er %isre$ r% in t"e ri$"ts o' ot"ers, "er buse, mistre tment n% contro& o' ot"ers (it"out remorse, n% "er ten%enc) to b& me ot"ers. 7oreo+er, s s"o(n in t"is c se, res#on%ent is im#u&si+e n% %omineerin$D s"e " % no *u &ms in m ni#u& tin$ #etitioner (it" "er t"re ts o' b& c5m i& n% o' committin$ suici%e. =ot" # rties bein$ ''&icte% (it" $r +e, se+ere n% incur b&e #s)c"o&o$ic & inc # cit), t"e #reci#itous m rri $e t" t t"e) contr cte% on 9#ri& 23, 1996 is t"us, %ec& re% nu&& n% +oi%. ARTICLE @. M r(4 vs. Pe !"e GR No. 14522), February ), 2004 9ACTS: Lucio 7ori$o n% Luci = rrete (ere bo r%m tes in =o"o&. !"e) &ost cont cts 'or ("i&e but 'ter recei+in$ c r% 'rom = rrete n% + rious e4c" n$es o' &etters, t"e) bec me s(eet"e rts. !"e) $ot m rrie% in 199<. = rrete (ent b c5 to C n % 'or (or5 n% in 1991 s"e 'i&e% #etition 'or %i+orce in /nt rio C n % , ("ic" ( s $r nte%. 1n 1992, 7ori$o m rrie% Lumb $o. 3e subse*uent&) 'i&e% com#& int 'or Au%ici & %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) on t"e $roun% t" t t"ere ( s no m rri $e ceremon). 7ori$o ( s t"en c" r$e% (it" bi$ m) n% mo+e% 'or sus#ension o' rr i$nment since t"e ci+i& c se #en%in$ #ose% #reAu%ici & *uestion in t"e bi$ m) c se. 7ori$o #&e %e% not $ui&t) c& imin$ t" t "is m rri $e (it" = rrete ( s +oi% b initio. Petitioner contente% "e contr cte% secon% m rri $e in $oo% ' it". ISS,E: 2"et"er 7ori$o must " +e 'i&e% %ec& r tion 'or t"e nu&&it) o' "is m rri $e (it" = rrete be'ore "is secon% m rri $e in or%er to be 'ree 'rom t"e bi$ m) c se. 6ELD: 7ori$o,s m rri $e (it" = rrete is +oi% b initio consi%erin$ t" t t"ere ( s no ctu & m rri $e ceremon) #er'orme% bet(een t"em b) so&emnizin$ o''icer inste % t"e) Aust mere&) si$ne% m rri $e contr ct. !"e #etitioner %oes not nee% to 'i&e %ec& r tion o' t"e nu&&it) o' "is m rri $e ("en "e contr cte% "is secon% m rri $e (it" Lumb $o. 3ence, "e %i% not commit bi$ m) n% is c*uitte% in t"e c se 'i&e%. Terre vs. Terre 211 "CRA ) 9ACTS: Dorot") !erre ( s t"en m rrie% to cert in 7er&ito =erceni&&o, "er 'irst cousin. 9tt). Jor% n !erre success'u&&) con+ince% Dorot") t" t "er m rri $e ( s +oi% b initio 'or t"e re son o' #ub&ic #o&ic) n% t" t t"e) re 'ree to contr ct m rri $e. !"e) $ot m rrie% in 1966 ("ere "e (rote sin$&e un%er Dorot"),s st tus. 9'ter $ettin$ Dorot") #re$n nt, 9tt). !erre b n%one% t"em n% subse*uent&) contr cte% not"er m rri $e to 3e&in 7 &ic%em in 1986. 9tt). !erre ( s c" r$e% (it" b n%onment o' minor n% bi$ m).

6ELD: ISS,E: 2"et"er or not 9tt). !erre,s m rri $e (it" Dorot") is nu&& n% +oi%. 6ELD: Dorot"),s 'irst m rri $e is in%ee% +oi% b initio consi%erin$ t" t 7er&ito is "er 'irst cousin t"ereb) $ inst #ub&ic #o&ic). 3o(e+er, s"e %i% not 'i&e n) %ec& r tion 'or t"e nu&&it) o' t"eir m rri $e be'ore s"e contr cte% "er m rri $e (it" 9tt). !erre t"us, "er secon% m rri $e is +oi%. 9rtic&e 8< st tes t" t t"e bso&ute nu&&it) o' 'ormer m rri $e m ) be in+o5e% 'or t"e #ur#oses o' rem rri $e on t"e b sis so&e&) o' 'in & Au%$ment %ec& rin$ suc" #re+ious m rri $e +oi%. alde! "s. #$% 260 S%#& 211 Facts: Same. Article 147; Emphasis to the RTCs judgment on liquidation o properties in connection !ith the pro"ision o propert# regime !$o unions o marriage% &ssue: 'hether or not Article 147 correctl# applied on the status o the parties in the liquidation o their properties% Ruling: The (upreme Court stated that) in a"oid marriage) the propert# regimes are those pro"ided or in Article 147 or 14*as) the case ma# +e% The liquidation o the co,o!nership shall +e in accordance !ith the pro"isions on co,o!nership under the Ci"il Code !hich are not in con lict !ith Article 147 or 14*% The conjugal home shall equall# +e co,o!ned +# the couple and shall +e di"ided equall# during liquidation in accordance !ith the rules on co,o!nership% -o!e"er) the ruits o couples separate propert# are not included in the co,o!nership% Pe !"e vs. Ara4 n 100 *+ ! 1033 9ACTS: Proceso Bosim contr cte% m rri $e (it" 0orre . 2"i&e "is m rri $e (it" t"e & tter subsist, "e contr cte% c nonic & m rri $e (it" F ico&. 0orre is st )in$ in Cebu ("i&e F ico& is in 1&oi&o. 3e ( s tr +e&in$ s &esm n t"us, "e commute% bet(een 1&oi&o n% Cebu. 2"en 0orre %ie%, "e brou$"t F ico& to Cebu ("ere t"e & tter (or5e% s te c"er-nurse. :"e & ter on su''ere% inAuries in "er e)es c use% b) #")sic & m &tre tment o' Bosim n% ( s sent to 1&oi&o to un%er$o tre tment. 2"i&e s"e ( s in 1&oi&o, Bosim contr cte% t"ir% m rri $e (it" 7 $& s n$. CF1-Cebu 'oun% "im $ui&t) o' bi$ m). ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e t"ir% m rri $e is nu&& n% +oi%. !"e ction ( s institute% u#on t"e com#& int o' t"e secon% (i'e ("ose m rri $e (it" Bosim ( s not rene(e% 'ter t"e %e t" o' t"e 'irst (i'e n% be'ore t"e t"ir% m rri $e ( s entere% into. 3ence, t"e & st m rri $e ( s + &i% one n% #rosecution $ inst Bosim 'or contr ctin$ m rri $e c nnot #ros#er. Mer'ad vs. Tan 33# "CRA 122 9ACTS: Dr. Eicent 7erc %o ( s #re+ious&) m rrie% (it" !"e&m /&i+ in 1966 be'ore "e contr cte% m rri $e (it" Consue&o ! n in 1991 ("ic" t"e & tter c& ims s"e %i% not 5no(. ! n 'i&e% bi$ m) $ inst 7erc %o n% 'ter mont" t"e & tter 'i&e% n ction 'or %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' m rri $e $ inst /&i+ . !"e %ecision in 1993 %ec& re% m rri $e bet(een 7erc %o n% /&i+ nu&& n% +oi%. ISS,E: 2"et"er 7erc %o committe% bi$ m) in s#ite o' 'i&in$ t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' t"e 'ormer m rri $e. 6ELD: 9 Au%ici & %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' #re+ious m rri $e is necess r) be'ore subse*uent one c n be &e$ &&) contr cte%. /ne ("o enters into subse*uent m rri $e (it"out 'irst obt inin$ suc" Au%ici & %ec& r tion is $ui&t) o' bi$ m). !"is #rinci#&e ##&ies e+en i' t"e e r&ier union is c" r cterize% b) st tute s -+oi%.. 1n t"e c se t b r, 7erc %o on&) 'i&e% t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' "is m rri $e (it" /&i+ ri$"t 'ter ! n 'i&e% bi$ m) c se. 3ence, b) t"en, t"e crime " % &re %) been consumm te%. 3e contr cte% secon% m rri $e (it"out t"e Au%ici & %ec& r tion o' t"e nu&&it). !"e ' ct t" t t"e 'irst m rri $e is +oi% 'rom t"e be$innin$ is not %e'ense in bi$ m) c" r$e. ARTICLE @1-@2 Re!u2"(' vs. N "as' 220 "CRA 20 9ACTS: 0re$orio No& sco is se m n. 3e met J net P r5er, =ritis", in b r in ?n$& n%. 9'ter t" t, J net st rte% &i+in$ (it" No& sco in "is s"i# 'or si4 mont"s. 1t & ste% unti& t"e contr ct o' No& sco e4#ire% t"en "e brou$"t "er to "is "ometo(n in 9nti*ue. !"e) $ot m rrie% in J nu r) 1982. Due to not"er contr ct, No& sco &e't t"e #ro+ince. 1n 1983, No& sco recei+e% &etter 'rom "is mot"er in'ormin$ "im t" t "is son " % been born but 15 % )s 'ter, J net &e't. No& sco (ent "ome n% cut s"ort "is contr ct to 'in% J net,s ("ere bouts. 3e %i% so b) securin$ not"er se m n,s contr ct $oin$ to Lon%on. 3e (rote se+er & &etters to t"e b r ("ere t"e) 'irst met but it ( s && returne%. 0re$orio #etitione% in 1988 'or %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t" o' J net. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not No& sco " % %e %C (e&&-'oun%e% be&ie' t" t "is (i'e, J net, is &re %)

6ELD: !"e :u#reme Court ru&e% t" t No& sco,s e''orts to &oc te J net (ere not #ersistent to s"o( t" t "e " s (e&&-'oun%e% be&ie' t" t "is (i'e ( s &re %) %e % bec use inste % o' see5in$ ssist nce o' &oc & ut"orities n% t"e =ritis" ?mb ss), "e e+en secure% not"er contr ct. 7ore so, ("i&e "e ( s in Lon%on, "e %i% not e+en tr) to so&icit "e&# o' t"e ut"orities to 'in% "is (i'e. Lu82an vs Re!u2"(' L48492, February 29, 195) 9ACTS: Lour%es Lu5b n n% Fr ncisco C"ui%i n $ot m rrie% in 1933 n% 'ter +io&ent *u rre& "e &e't Lu5b n n% " s not been "e r% o' since t"en. :"e %i&i$ent&) &oo5e% 'or "im s5in$ t"e # rents n% 'rien%s but no one 5ne( "is ("ere bouts. :"e be&ie+es t" t "usb n% is &re %) %e % since "e ( s bsent 'or more t" n 2< )e rs n% bec use s"e inten%s to m rr) $ in, s"e %esires to " +e "er ci+i& st tus #ut in or%er to be re&ie+e% on n) &i bi&it) un%er t"e & (. ISS,E: 2"et"er Lu5b n nee%s to secure %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t" be'ore s"e c n rem rr). 6ELD: !"e court ru&e% t" t Lu5b n %oes not nee% to secure %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t" o' "er "usb n% bec use Ci+i& Co%e #re+ i&s %urin$ t"eir m rri $e in 1933. 1t #ro+i%es t" t -'or t"e #ur#oses o' t"e ci+i& m rri $e & (, it is not necess r) to " +e t"e 'ormer s#ouse Au%ici &&) %ec& re% n bsentee. !"e %ec& r tion o' bsence m %e in ccor% nce (it" t"e #ro+isions o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e " s 'or its so&e #ur#ose to en b&e t"e t 5in$ o' t"e necess r) #rec utions 'or t"e %ministr tion o' t"e est te o' t"e bsentee. For t"e ce&ebr tion o' ci+i& m rri $e, "o(e+er, t"e & ( on&) re*uires t" t t"e 'ormer s#ouse " s been bsent 'or se+en consecuti+e )e rs t t"e time o' t"e secon% m rri $e, t" t t"e s#ouse #resent %oes not 5no( "is or "er 'ormer s#ouse to be &i+in$, t" t e c" 'ormer s#ouse is $ener &&) re#ute% to be %e % n% t"e s#ouse #resent so be&ie+es t t"e time o' t"e ce&ebr tion o' t"e m rri $e. Ar1as vs. Ca"(s-er( GR No. 13)4)#, Apr ! ), 2000 9ACTS: !eo%orico C &isterio, "usb n% o' 7 riett C &isterio, t"e res#on%ent, %ie% intest te in 9#ri& 1992 &e +in$ se+er & # rce& o' & n% estim te% + &ue o' P6<8,65<.<<. 3e ( s t"e secon% "usb n% o' 7 riett ("o ( s #re+ious&) m rrie% (it" 2i&&i m =oun%s in J nu r) 1986. !"e & tter %is ##e re% (it"out tr ce in Febru r) 1986. 11 )e rs & ter 'rom t"e %is ##e r nce o' =oun%s, 7 riett n% !eo%orico (ere m rrie% in 7 ) 1958 (it"out 7 riett securin$ court %ec& r tion o' =oun%s, #resum#ti+e %e t". 9ntoni 9rm s ) C &isterio, sur+i+in$ sister o' !eo%orico 'i&e% #etition c& imin$ to be t"e so&e sur+i+in$ "eir o' t"e & tter n% t" t m rri $e bet(een 7 riett n% "is brot"er bein$ &&e$e%&) bi$ mous is t"ereb) nu&& n% +oi%. :"e #r )e% t" t "er son :in'roni no be ##ointe%

s %ministr tor, (it"out bon%, o' t"e est te o' t"e %ece se% n% in"erit nce be %Au%ic te% to "er 'ter && t"e ob&i$ tions o' t"e est te (ou&% " +e been sett&e%. ISS,E: 2"et"er 7 rriet n% !eo%orico,s m rri $e ( s +oi% %ue to t"e bsence o' t"e %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t". 6ELD: !"e m rri $e bet(een t"e res#on%ent n% t"e %ece se% ( s so&emnize% in 7 ) 1958 ("ere t"e & ( in 'orce t t" t time ( s t"e Ci+i& Co%e n% not t"e F mi&) Co%e ("ic" on&) too5 e''ect in 9u$ust 1988. 9rtic&e 256 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e itse&' &imit its retro cti+e $o+ern nce on&) to c ses ("ere it t"ereb) (ou&% not #reAu%ice or im# ir +este% or c*uire% ri$"ts in ccor% nce (it" t"e Ci+i& Co%e or ot"er & (s. :ince Ci+i& Co%e #ro+i%es t" t %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t" is not essenti & be'ore contr ctin$ m rri $e ("ere t &e st 6 consecuti+e )e rs o' bsence o' t"e s#ouse is enou$" to rem rr) t"en 7 rriet ,s m rri $e (it" !eo%orico is + &i% n% t"ere'ore s"e " s ri$"t c n c& im #ortion o' t"e est te. Repub! - '(. CA GR No. 159)14, $e-e2ber 9, 2005 9ACTS: 9& n 9&e$ro, t"e #etitioner, ( s m rrie% (it" Le in J nu r) 1995. Le rri+e% "ome & te in Febru r) 1995 n% 9& n to&% "er t" t i' s"e enAo)s &i'e o' sin$&e #erson, it (i&& be better 'or "er to $o b c5 to "er # rents. Le &e't 'ter t" t 'i$"t. 9&& n c"ec5e% i' s"e (ent to "er # rents, "ouse but ( s not t"ere n% e+en in*uire% to "er 'rien%s. 3e (ent b c5 to t"e # rents-in-& (,s "ouse n% &e rne% t" t Le " % been to t"eir "ouse but &e't (it"out notice. 3e t"en sou$"t "e&# 'rom t"e = r n$ ) C #t in. For sometime, 9& n %eci%e% to (or5 s # rt-time t 4i %ri+er n% %urin$ "is 'ree time "e (ou&% &oo5 'or Le in t"e m &&s. 1n June 2<<1, 9& n re#orte% Le ,s %is ##e r nce to t"e &oc & #o&ice st tion n% n & rm notice ( s issue%. 3e &so re#orte% t"e %is ##e r nce in N=1 on Ju&) 2<<1. 9& n 'i&e% #etition in 7 rc" 2<<1 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t" o' "is (i'e. ISS,E: 2"et"er 9& n " s 6ELD: !"e court ru&e% t" t 9& n ' i&e% to #ro+e t" t "e " s (e&&-'oun%e% be&ie', be'ore "e 'i&e% "is #etition (it" B!C, t" t "is s#ouse ( s %e %. 3e ' i&e% to #resent (itness ot"er t" n t"e = r n$ ) C #t in. 3e e+en ' i&e% to #resent t"ose 'rien%s o' Le ("ic" "e in*uire% to corrobor te "is testimon). 3e &so ' i&e% to m 5e in*uiries 'rom "is # rents-in-& ( re$ r%in$ Le ,s ("ere bouts be'ore 'i&in$ "is #etition in t"e B!C. 1t cou&% " +e en" nce% "is cre%ibi&it) " % "e m %e in*uiries 'rom "is # rents-in-& ( bout Le Ps ("ere bouts consi%erin$ t" t Le Ps ' t"er ( s t"e o(ner o' B %io D@7:. 3e %i% re#ort n% see5 "e&# o' t"e &oc & #o&ice ut"orities n% N=1 to &oc te Le but "e %i% so on&) 'ter t"e /:0 'i&e% its notice to %ismiss "is #etition in B!C. Va"de5 vs. Re!u2"(' GR No. 1808)3, "ep&e2ber 8, 2009 (e&&-'oun%e% be&ie' t" t "is (i'e is &re %) %e %.

9ACTS: 9n$e&it E &%ez ( s m rrie% (it" :o'io in J nu r) 1961. :"e $ +e birt" to b b) $ir& n me% N nc). !"e) r$ue% const nt&) bec use :o'io ( s unem#&o)e% n% %i% not brin$ "ome n) mone). 1n 7 rc" 1962, t"e & tter &e't t"eir "ouse. 9n$e&it n% "er c"i&% ( ite% unti& in 7 ) 1962, t"e) %eci%e% to $o b c5 to "er # rent,s "ome. 3 )e rs " +e # sse% (it"out n) (or% 'rom :o'io unti& in /ctober 1965 ("en "e s"o(e% u# n% t"e) $ree% to se# r te n% e4ecute% %ocument to t" t e''ect. 1t ( s t"e & st time t"e) s ( e c" ot"er n% " % ne+er "e r% o' e+er since. =e&ie+in$ t" t :o'io ( s &re %) %e %, #etitioner m rrie% Eir$i&io Be)es in June 1985. Eir$i&io,s ##&ic tion 'or n tur &iz tion in >: ( s %enie% bec use #etitioner,s m rri $e (it" :o'io ( s subsistin$. 3ence, in 7 rc" 2<<6, #etitioner 'i&e% #etition see5in$ %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t" o' :o'io. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not #etitioner,s m rri $e (it" Eir$i&io is + &i% %es#ite & c5 o' %ec& r tion o' #resum#ti+e %e t" o' :o'io. 6ELD: !"e court ru&e% t" t no %ecree on t"e #resum#tion o' :o'io,s %e t" is necess r) bec use Ci+i& Co%e $o+erns %urin$ 1961 n% not F mi&) Co%e ("ere t &e st 6 consecuti+e )e rs o' bsence is on&) nee%e%. !"us, #etitioner ( s c # cit te% to m rr) Eir$i&io n% t"eir m rri $e is &e$ & n% + &i%. ARTICLE @/-@) Ana$a vs. Pa"ar an 3) "CRA 9# 9ACTS: 9uror 9n ) n% Fern n%o P & ro n (ere m rrie% in 1953. P & ro n 'i&e% n ction 'or nnu&ment o' t"e m rri $e in 1958 on t"e $roun% t" t "is consent ( s obt ine% t"rou$" 'orce n% intimi% tion. !"e com#& int ( s %ismisse% n% u#"e&% t"e + &i%it) o' t"e m rri $e n% $r ntin$ 9uror ,s counterc& im. 2"i&e t"e mount o' counterc& im ( s bein$ ne$oti te%, Fern n%o %i+u&$e% to "er t" t se+er & mont"s #rior to t"eir m rri $e, "e " % #re-m rit & re& tions"i# (it" c&ose re& ti+e o' "is. 9ccor%in$ to "er, t"e non-%i+u&$ement to "er o' suc" #re-m rit & secret constitute% 'r u% in obt inin$ "er consent. :"e #r )e% 'or t"e nnu&ment o' "er m rri $e (it" Fern n%o on suc" $roun%. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e conce &ment to (i'e b) "er "usb n% o' "is #re-m rit & re& tions"i# (it" not"er (om n is $roun% 'or nnu&ment o' m rri $e. 6ELD: !"e conce &ment o' "usb n%,s #re-m rit & re& tions"i# (it" not"er (om n ( s not one o' t"ose enumer te% t" t (ou&% constitute 'r u% s $roun% 'or nnu&ment n% it is 'urt"er e4c&u%e% b) t"e & st # r $r #" #ro+i%in$ t" t -no ot"er misre#resent tion or %eceit s to.. c" stit). s" && $i+e $roun% 'or n ction to nnu& m rri $e. 3ence, t"e c se t b r %oes not constitute 'r u% n% t"ere'ore (ou&% not ( rr nt n nnu&ment o' m rri $e. 0u''a- v. Man4 n n de 0u''a-+ ?2 P3(" 17 (17@1)

F cts: 0o%o're%o =ucc t n% Lui% 7 n$onon %e =ucc tmet in 7 rc" 1938, bec me en$ $e% in :e#tember, n% $ot m rrie% in No+ 26. /n Feb 23, 1939 H89 % )s 'ter $ettin$ m rrie%I Lui% , ("o ( s 9 mont"s #re$n nt, $ +e birt" to son. 0o%o're%o &e't Lui% n% on 7 rc" 23, 1939, "e 'i&e% 'or n nnu&ment o' t"eir m rri $e on t"e $roun%s t" t ("en "e $ree% to m rrie% Lui% , s"e ssure% "im t" t s"e ( s +ir$in. !"e Lo(er court %eci%e% in ' +or o' Lui% . 1ssue: 2/N Lui% ,s conce &ment o' "er #re$n nc) constitute% $roun% 'or t"e nnu&ment o' m rri $e H'r u%I 3 e&%: No. C&e r n% ut"entic #roo' is nee%e% in or%er to nu&&i') m rri $e, s cre% institution in ("ic" t"e :t te is intereste%. 1n t"is c se, t"e court %i% not 'in% n) #roo' t" t t"ere ( s conce &ment o' #re$n nc) constitutin$ $roun% 'or nnu&mentD it ( s un&i5e&) t" t 0o%o're%o, 'irst- )e r & ( stu%ent, %i% not sus#ect n)t"in$ bout Lui% ,s con%ition consi%erin$ t" t s"e ( s in n %+ nce% st $e o' #re$n nc) ("en t"e) $ot m rrie%. AGu(n vs. De"(5 109 *+ ! 21 9ACTS: Fern n%o 9*uino 'i&e% com#& int in :e#tember 1955 on t"e $roun% o' 'r u% $ inst Conc"it De&izo t" t t t"e % te o' "er m rri $e (it" t"e 'ormer on December 1958, conce &e% t"e ' ct t" t s"e ( s #re$n nt b) not"er m n n% sometime in 9#ri& 1955 or bout 8 mont"s 'ter t"eir m rri $e, $ +e birt" to c"i&%. Durin$ t"e tri &, Pro+inci & Fisc & Jose 0oco re#resent t"e st te in t"e #rocee%in$s to #re+ent co&&usion. /n&) 9*uino testi'ie% n% t"e on&) %ocument r) e+i%ence #resente% ( s t"e m rri $e contr ct bet(een t"e # rties. De&izo %i% not ##e r nor #resente% n) e+i%ence. CF1-Biz & %ismisse% #etitioner,s com#& int 'or nnu&ment o' m rri $e, ("ic" ( s ''irme% b) C9 t"us #etition 'or certior ri to re+ie( t"e %ecisions. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not conce &ment o' #re$n nc) s &&e$e% b) 9*uino %oes not constitute suc" 'r u% s (ou&% nnu& m rri $e. 6ELD: !"e conce &ment b) t"e (i'e o' t"e ' ct t" t t t"e time o' t"e m rri $e, s"e ( s #re$n nt b) m n ot"er t" n "er "usb n% constitutes 'r u% n% is $roun% 'or nnu&ment o' m rri $e. De&izo ( s &&e$e%&) to be on&) more t" n 'our mont"s #re$n nt t t"e time o' "er m rri $e. 9t t"is st $e, it is " r% to s ) t" t "er #re$n nc) ( s re %i&) ## rent es#eci &&) since s"e ( s -n tur &&) #&um#. or ' t. 1t is on&) on t"e 6t"mont" o' #re$n nc) t" t t"e en& r$ement o' t"e (om n,s b%omen re c"es "ei$"t bo+e t"e umbi&icus, m 5in$ t"e roun%ness o' t"e b%omen more $ener & n% ## rent. 1n t"e 'o&&o(in$ circumst nces, t"e court rem n%e% t"e c se 'or ne( tri & n% %ecision com#& ine% is set si%e. =(1ene5 vs. Can(5ares

L412#90, Au.u(& 31, 19)0 9ACTS: Joe& Jimenez, t"e #etitioner, 'i&e% #etition 'or t"e nnu&ment o' "is m rri $e (it" Beme%ios C niz res on t"e $roun% t" t t"e ori'ice o' "er $enit &s or + $in ( s too sm && to &&o( t"e #enetr tion o' m &e or$ n 'or co#u& tion. 1t " s e4iste% t t"e time o' t"e m rri $e n% continues to e4ist t" t &e% "im to &e +e t"e conAu$ & "ome t(o ni$"ts n% one % ) 'ter t"e m rri $e. !"e court summone% n% $ +e co#) to t"e (i'e but t"e & tter %i% not 'i&e n) ns(er. !"e (i'e ( s or%ere% to submit "erse&' to #")sic & e4 min tion n% to 'i&e me%ic & certi'ic te (it"in 1< % )s. :"e ( s $i+en not"er 5 % )s to com#&) or e&se it (i&& be %eeme% & c5 o' interest on "er # rt n% t"ere'ore ren%erin$ Au%$ment in ' +or o' t"e #etitioner. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e m rri $e c n be nnu&&e% (it" on&) t"e testimon) o' t"e "usb n%. 6ELD: !"e (i'e ("o ( s c& ime% to be im#otent b) "er "usb n% %i% not + i& o' t"e o##ortunit) to %e'en% "erse&' n% s suc", c& im c nnot be con+incin$&) be conc&u%e%. 1t is (e&&-5no(n ' ct t" t (omen in t"is countr) re s") n% b s"'u& n% (ou&% not re %i&) n% un"esit tin$&) submit to #")sic & e4 min tion un&ess com#e&&e% b) com#etent ut"orit). :uc" #")sic & e4 min tion in t"is c se is not se&'-incrimin tin$. :"e is not c" r$e% (it" n) o''ense n% &i5e(ise is not com#e&&e% to be (itness $ inst "erse&'. 1m#otence bein$ n bnorm & con%ition s"ou&% not be #resume%. !"e c se ( s rem n%e% to tri & court. ARTICLE @8-@7 " % '(. " % GR No. 13#590, ,ar-+ 2), 2001 9ACTS: F&orence, t"e #etitioner, ( s m rrie% (it" P"i&i##, Portu$uese citizen in J nu r) 1986. F&orence 'i&e% in :e#tember 1998, com#& int 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' t"eir m rri $e. !ri & ensue% n% t"e # rties #resente% t"eir res#ecti+e %ocument r) n% testimoni & e+i%ence. 1n June 1995, tri & court %ismisse% F&orence,s #etition n% t"rou$"out its tri &, t"e :t te %i% not # rtici# te in t"e #rocee%in$s. 2"i&e Fisc & J bson 'i&e% (it" t"e tri & court m ni'est tion % te% No+ember 1998 st tin$ t" t "e 'oun% no co&&usion bet(een t"e # rties, "e %i% not cti+e&) # rtici# te% t"erein. /t"er t" n " +in$ ##e r nce t cert in "e rin$s, not"in$ more ( s "e r% o' "im. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) m ) be %ec& re% e+en (it" t"e bsence o' t"e # rtici# tion o' t"e :t te in t"e #rocee%in$s. 6ELD: 9rtic&e 88 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e st tes t" t -in && c ses o' nnu&ment or %ec& r tion o' bso&ute nu&&it) o' m rri $e, t"e Court s" && or%er t"e #rosecutin$ ttorne) or 'isc & ssi$ne% to it to ##e r on be" &' o' t"e st te to t 5e ste#s to #re+ent co&&usion bet(een t"e # rties n% to t 5e c re t" t e+i%ence is not ' bric te% or su##resse%. !"e tri & court s"ou&% " +e or%ere% t"e #rosecutin$ ttorne) or 'isc & n% t"e :o&icitor-0ener & to ##e r s counse& 'or t"e st te. No %ecision s" && be " n%e% %o(n un&ess t"e :o&icitor 0ener & issues certi'ic tion brie'&) st tin$

"is re sons 'or "is $reement or o##osition s t"e c se m ) be, to t"e #etition. !"e recor%s re bere't o' n e+i%ence t" t t"e :t te # rtici# te% in t"e #rosecution o' t"e c se t"us, t"e c se is rem n%e% 'or #ro#er tri &. De O'a1! vs. 9" ren'(an 10# *+ ! 35 9ACTS: Jose %e /c m#o n% :er 'in F&orenci no (ere m rrie% in 1938. !"e) be$ot se+er & c"i&%ren ("o re not &i+in$ (it" #& inti''. 1n 7 rc" 1951, & tter %isco+ere% on se+er & occ sions t" t "is (i'e ( s betr )in$ "is trust b) m int inin$ i&&icit re& tions (it" Jose 9rc & s. 3 +in$ 'oun% out, "e sent t"e (i'e to 7 ni& in June 1951 to stu%) be ut) cu&ture ("ere s"e st )e% 'or one )e r. 9$ in #& inti'' %isco+ere% t" t t"e (i'e ( s $oin$ out (it" se+er & ot"er m n ot"er t" n 9rc & s. 1n 1952, ("en t"e (i'e 'inis"e% "er stu%ies, s"e &e't #& inti'' n% since t"en t"e) " % &i+e% se# r te&). 1n June 1955, #& inti'' sur#rise% "is (i'e in t"e ct o' " +in$ i&&icit re& tions (it" Ne&son /rz me. 3e si$ni'ie% "is intention o' 'i&in$ #etition 'or &e$ & se# r tion to ("ic" %e'en% nt m ni'este% con'ormit) #ro+i%e% s"e is not c" r$e% (it" %u&ter) in crimin & ction. 9ccor%in$&), /c m#o 'i&e% #etition 'or &e$ & se# r tion in 1955. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e con'ession m %e b) F&orenci no constitutes t"e con'ession o' Au%$ment %is &&o(e% b) t"e F mi&) Co%e. 6ELD: F&orenci no,s %mission to t"e in+esti$ tin$ 'isc & t" t s"e committe% %u&ter), in t"e e4istence o' e+i%ence o' %u&ter) ot"er t" n suc" con'ession, is not t"e con'ession o' Au%$ment %is &&o(e% b) 9rtic&e 88 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e. 2" t is #ro"ibite% is con'ession o' Au%$ment, con'ession %one in court or t"rou$" #&e %in$. 2"ere t"ere is e+i%ence o' t"e %u&ter) in%e#en%ent o' t"e %e'en% nt,s st tement $reein$ to t"e &e$ & se# r tion, t"e %ecree o' se# r tion s"ou&% be $r nte% since it (ou&% not be b se% on t"e con'ession but u#on t"e e+i%ence #resente% b) t"e #& inti''. 2" t t"e & ( #ro"ibits is Au%$ment b se% e4c&usi+e&) on %e'en% nt,s con'ession. !"e #etition s"ou&% be $r nte% b se% on t"e secon% %u&ter), ("ic" " s not )et #rescribe%. LE&AL SEPARATION (ARTICLE //-)?) ARTICLE //-/) La!u5-S$ vs. Eu;e1( 43 "CRA 1## 9ACTS: C rmen L #uz-:) 'i&e% #etition 'or &e$ & se# r tion $ inst ?u'emio ?u'emio on 9u$ust 1953. !"e) (ere m rrie% ci+i&&) on :e#tember 21, 1938 n% c nonic &&) 'ter nine % )s. !"e) " % &i+e% to$et"er s "usb n% n% (i'e continuous&) (it"out n) c"i&%ren unti& 1983 ("en "er "usb n% b n%one% "er. !"e) c*uire% #ro#erties %urin$ t"eir m rri $e. Petitioner t"en %isco+ere% t" t "er "usb n% co" bite% (it" C"inese (om n n me% 0o 3io5 on or bout 1989. :"e #r )e% 'or t"e issu nce o' %ecree o' &e$ & se# r tion, ("ic" mon$ ot"ers,

(ou&% or%er t" t t"e %e'en% nt ?u'emio s"ou&% be %e#ri+e% o' "is s" re o' t"e conAu$ & # rtners"i# #ro'its. ?u'emio counterc& ime% 'or t"e %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' "is m rri $e (it" L #uz-:) on t"e $roun% o' "is #rior n% subsistin$ m rri $e (it" 0o 3io5. !ri & #rocee%e% n% t"e # rties %%uce% t"eir res#ecti+e e+i%ence. 3o(e+er, be'ore t"e tri & cou&% be com#&ete%, res#on%ent &re %) sc"e%u&e% to #resent surrebutt & e+i%ence, #etitioner %ie% in +e"icu& r cci%ent on 7 ) 1969. 3er counse& %u&) noti'ie% t"e court o' "er %e t". ?u'emio mo+e% to %ismiss t"e #etition 'or &e$ & se# r tion on June 1969 on t"e $roun%s t" t t"e s i% #etition ( s 'i&e% be)on% t"e one-)e r #erio% #ro+i%e% in 9rtic&e 1<2 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e n% t" t t"e %e t" o' C rmen b te% t"e ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion. Petitioner,s counse& mo+e% to substitute t"e %ece se% C rmen b) "er ' t"er, 7 c rio L #uz. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"e %e t" o' t"e #& inti'', be'ore 'in & %ecree in n ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion, b te t"e ction n% (i&& it &so ##&) i' t"e ction in+o&+e% #ro#ert) ri$"ts. 6ELD: 9n ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion is b te% b) t"e %e t" o' t"e #& inti'', e+en i' #ro#ert) ri$"ts re in+o&+e%. !"ese ri$"ts re mere e''ects o' %ecree o' se# r tion, t"eir source bein$ t"e %ecree itse&'D (it"out t"e %ecree suc" ri$"ts %o not come into e4istence, so t" t be'ore t"e 'in &it) o' %ecree, t"ese c& ims re mere&) ri$"ts in e4#ect tion. 1' %e t" su#er+enes %urin$ t"e #en%enc) o' t"e ction, no %ecree c n be 'ort"comin$, %e t" #ro%ucin$ more r %ic & n% %e'initi+e se# r tionD n% t"e e4#ecte% conse*uenti & ri$"ts n% c& ims (ou&% necess ri&) rem in unborn. !"e #etition o' ?u'emio 'or %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) is moot n% c %emic n% t"ere cou&% be no 'urt"er interest in continuin$ t"e s me 'ter "er %emise, t" t utom tic &&) %isso&+e% t"e *uestione% union. 9n) #ro#ert) ri$"ts c*uire% b) eit"er # rt) s resu&t o' 9rtic&e 188 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e o' t"e P"i&i##ines 6 cou&% be reso&+e% n% %etermine% in #ro#er ction 'or # rtition b) eit"er t"e ##e&&ee or b) t"e "eirs o' t"e ##e&& nt. &and( n' vs Penaranda GR No. #2984, No'e2ber 2#, 198# 9ACTS: Pri+ te res#on%ent, !eresit 0 n%ionco, 'i&e% com#& int $ inst "erein #etitioner, Froi& n 0 n%ionco 'or &e$ & se# r tion on t"e $roun% o' concubin $e s ci+i& c se. !eresit &so 'i&e% crimin & com#& int o' concubin $e $ inst "er "usb n%. :"e &i5e(ise 'i&e% n ##&ic tion 'or t"e #ro+ision & reme%) o' su##ort #en%ent e&ite ("ic" ( s ##ro+e% n% or%ere% b) t"e res#on%ent Au%$e. Petitioner mo+e% to sus#en% t"e ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion n% t"e inci%ents conse*uent t"ereto suc" s t"e su##ort 'or #en%ent e&ite, in +ie( o' t"e crimin & c se 'or concubin $e 'i&e% $ inst "im. 3e conten%s t" t t"e ci+i& ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion is ine4tric b&) tie% (it" t"e crimin & ction t"us, && #rocee%in$s re& te% to &e$ & se# r tion (i&& " +e to be sus#en%e% n% ( it t"e con+iction or c*uitt & o' t"e crimin & c se. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not ci+i& c se 'or &e$ & se# r tion c n #rocee% #en%in$ t"e reso&ution o' t"e crimin & c se 'or concubin $e. 6ELD: :u#reme Court ru&e% t" t t"e contentions o' t"e #etitioner (ere incorrect. 9 ci+i& ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion on t"e $roun% o' concubin $e m ) #rocee% "e % o', or simu&t neous&) (it",

crimin & ction 'or concubin $e, bec use s i% ci+i& ction is not one to en'orce t"e ci+i& &i bi&it) risin$ 'rom t"e o''ense, e+en i' bot" t"e ci+i& n% crimin & ctions rise 'rom or re re& te% to t"e s me o''ense. :uc" ci+i& ction is one inten%e% to obt in t"e ri$"t to &i+e se# r te&), (it" t"e &e$ & conse*uences t"ereo' inc&u%in$ t"e %isso&ution o' t"e conAu$ & # rtners"i# o' $ ins, custo%) o' t"e c"i&%ren, su##ort n% %is*u &i'ic tions 'rom in"eritin$ 'rom t"e innocent s#ouse. Decree o' &e$ & se# r tion m ) be issue% u#on #roo' b) #re#on%er nce o' e+i%ence, ("ere no crimin & #rocee%in$ or con+iction is necess r). Furt"ermore, t"e su##ort -endente lite4 s reme%), c n be + i&e% o' in n ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion, n% $r nte% t t"e %iscretion o' t"e Au%$e. 1' in c se, t"e #etitioner 'in%s t"e mount o' su##ort -endente lite or%ere% s too onerous, "e c n &( )s 'i&e motion to mo%i') or re%uce t"e s me. 0u4a$ n4 vs. &(ne5 GR No. 10033, $e-e2ber 28, 195) 9ACTS: =enA min =u$ )on$, ser+icem n in t"e >: N +) ( s m rrie% (it" Leoni& 0inez on 9u$ust 1989 t P n$ sin n ("i&e on 'ur&ou$" &e +e. 1mme%i te&) 'ter t"e m rri $e, t"e) &i+e% (it" t"e sisters o' =u$ )on$ in s i% munici# &it) be'ore "e (ent b c5 to %ut). !"e cou#&e c me to n $reement t" t 0inez (ou&% st ) (it" "is sisters ("o & ter mo+e% in 7 ni& . /n or bout Ju&) 1951, s"e &e't t"e %(e&&in$ o' t"e sisters-in-& ( n% in'orme% "er "usb n% b) &etter t" t s"e " % $one to P n$ sin n to resi%e (it" "er mot"er n% & ter on mo+e% to D $u# n to stu%) in &oc & co&&e$e. Petitioner t"en be$ n recei+in$ &etters 'rom E &eri n Po& n$co, H#& inti'',s sister-in-& (I n% some 'rom non)mous (riters, ("ic" (ere not #ro%uce% t t"e "e rin$, in'ormin$ "im o' &&e$e% cts o' in'i%e&it) o' "is (i'e. 3e %mitte% t" t "is (i'e in'orme% "im b) &etter t" t cert in ?&ion$ 5isse% "er. 9&& t"ese communic tions, #rom#te% "im in /ctober 1951 to see5 t"e %+ice o' t"e N +) C" #& in ("o s5e% "im to consu&t (it" t"e n +) &e$ & %e# rtment. 1n 9u$ust 1952, =u$ )on$ (ent to P n$ sin n n% &oo5e% 'or "is (i'e. !"e) met in t"e "ouse o' t"e %e'en% nt,s $o%mot"er. !"e) #rocee%e% to t"e "ouse o' Pe%ro, cousin o' t"e #& inti'' ("ere t"e) st )e% 'or 1 % ) n% 1 ni$"t s "usb n% n% (i'e. !"e ne4t % ), t"e) s&e#t to$et"er in t"eir o(n "ouse. 3e trie% to +eri') (it" Leoni& t"e trut" on t"e in'orm tion "e recei+e% but inste % o' ns(erin$, s"e mere&) # c5e% u# n% &e't ("ic" "e too5 s con'irm tion o' t"e cts o' in'i%e&it). 3e t"en 'i&e% com#& int 'or &e$ & se# r tion. ISS,E: 2"et"er t"ere ( s con%on tion bet(een =u$ )on$ n% 0inez t" t m ) ser+e s $roun% 'or %ismiss & o' t"e ction. 6ELD: Con%on tion is t"e 'or$i+eness o' m rit & o''ense constitutin$ $roun% 'or &e$ & se# r tion. 9 sin$&e +o&unt r) ct o' m rit & intercourse bet(een t"e # rties or%in ri&) is su''icient to constitute con%on tion n% ("ere t"e # rties &i+e in t"e s me "ouse, it is #resume% t" t t"e) &i+e on terms o' m trimoni & co" bit tion. Furt"ermore, 9rt. 1<< o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e st tes t" t t"e &e$ & se# r tion m ) be c& ime% on&) b) t"e innocent s#ouse, #ro+i%e% t"ere " s been no con%on tion o' or consent to t"e %u&ter) or concubin $e.

ARTICLE /8 Pa'e-e vs Carr(a4a 231 "CRA 321 9ACTS: Conce#cion 9& nis 'i&e% com#& int on /ctober 1969, 'or t"e Dec& r tion o' Nu&&it) o' 7 rri $e bet(een "er erst("i&e "usb n% ?nrico P cete n% one C& rit %e & Conce#cion, s (e&& s 'or &e$ & se# r tion bet(een "er n% P cete, ccountin$ n% se# r tion o' #ro#ert). :"e +erre% in "er com#& int t" t s"e ( s m rrie% to P cete on 9#ri& 1938 n% t"e) " % c"i&% n me% Consue&oD t" t P cete subse*uent&) contr cte% secon% m rri $e (it" C& rit %e & Conce#cion n% t" t s"e &e rne% o' suc" m rri $e on&) on 9u$ust 1969. Beconci&i tion bet(een "er n% P cete ( s im#ossib&e since "e e+i%ent&) #re'erre% to continue &i+in$ (it" C& rit . !"e %e'en% nts (ere e c" ser+e% (it" summons. !"e) 'i&e% n e4tension (it"in ("ic" to 'i&e n ns(er, ("ic" t"e court # rt&) $r nte%. Due to un( nte% misun%erst n%in$, # rticu& r&) in communic tion, t"e %e'en% nts ' i&e% to 'i&e n ns(er on t"e % te set b) t"e court. !"ere 'ter, t"e #& inti'' 'i&e% motion to %ec& re t"e %e'en% nts in %e' u&t, ("ic" t"e court 'ort"(it" $r nte%. !"e court recei+e% #& inti''s, e+i%ence %urin$ t"e "e rin$s "e&% on Febru r) 15, 2<, 21, n% 22, 198<. 9'ter tri &, t"e court ren%ere% %ecision in ' +or o' t"e #& inti'' on 7 rc" 16,198<. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e B!C $r +e&) buse% its %iscretion in %en)in$ #etitioner,s motion 'or e4tension o' time to 'i&e t"eir ns(er, in %ec& rin$ #etitioners in %e' u&t n% in ren%erin$ its %ecision on 7 rc" 16, 198< ("ic" %ecree% t"e &e$ & se# r tion o' P cete n% 9& nis n% "e&% to be nu&& n% +oi% t"e m rri $e o' P cete to C& rit . 6ELD: !"e Ci+i& Co%e #ro+i%es t" t -no %ecree o' &e$ & se# r tion s" && be #romu&$ te% u#on sti#u& tion o' ' cts or b) con'ession o' Au%$ment. 1n c se o' non- ##e r nce o' t"e %e'en% nt, t"e court s" && or%er t"e #rosecutin$ ttorne) to in*uire ("et"er or not co&&usion bet(een # rties e4ists. 1' t"ere is no co&&usion, t"e #rosecutin$ ttorne) s" && inter+ene 'or t"e :t te in or%er to t 5e c re t" t t"e e+i%ence 'or t"e #& inti'' is not ' bric te%.. !"e bo+e st te% #ro+ision c &&in$ 'or t"e inter+ention o' t"e st te ttorne)s in c se o' unconteste% #rocee%in$s 'or &e$ & se# r tion H n% o' nnu&ment o' m rri $es, un%er 9rtic&e 88I is to em#" size t" t m rri $e is more t" n mere contr ct. 9rtic&e 1<3 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e, no( 9rtic&e 58 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e, 'urt"er m n% tes t" t n ction 'or &e$ & se# r tion must -in no c se be trie% be'ore si4 mont"s s" && " +e e& #se% since t"e 'i&in$ o' t"e #etition,. ob+ious&) in or%er to #ro+i%e t"e # rties -coo&in$-o''. #erio%. 1n t"is interim, t"e court s"ou&% t 5e ste#s to( r% $ettin$ t"e # rties to reconci&e. !"e si$ni'ic nce o' t"e bo+e subst nti+e #ro+isions o' t"e & ( is 'urt"er or un%erscore% b) t"e inc&usion o' #ro+ision in Bu&e 18 o' t"e Bu&es o' Court ("ic" #ro+i%es t" t no %e' u&ts in ctions 'or nnu&ments o' m rri $e or 'or &e$ & se# r tion. !"ere'ore, -i' t"e %e'en% nt in n ction 'or nnu&ment o' m rri $e or 'or &e$ & se# r tion ' i&s to ns(er, t"e court s" && or%er t"e #rosecutin$ ttorne) to in+esti$ te ("et"er or not co&&usion bet(een t"e # rties e4ists,

n% i' t"ere is no co&&usion, to inter+ene 'or t"e :t te in or%er to see to it t" t t"e e+i%ence submitte% is not ' bric te%.. ARTICLE )% Ma'adan4dan4 vs CA GR No. 3828#, O-&ober 23, 1981 9ACTS: Bes#on%ent Fi&omen 0 +i n 7 c % n$% n$ n% #etitioner 9ntonio 7 c % n$% n$ (ere m rrie% in 1986 'ter " +in$ &i+e% to$et"er 'or t(o )e rs n% " % 6 c"i&%ren. !"e) st rte% bu) n% se&& business n% s ri-s ri store in D + o Cit). !"rou$" " r% (or5 n% $oo% 'ortune, t"eir business $re( n% e4# n%e% into merc" n%isin$, truc5in$, tr ns#ort tion, rice n% corn mi&& business, b c stri##in$, re & est te etc. !"eir re& tions"i# bec me com#&ic te% n% bot" in%u&$e% in e4tr m rit & re& tions. 7 rrie% &i'e bec me into&er b&e so t"e) se# r te% in 1965 ("en #ri+ te res#on%ent &e't 'or Cebu 'or $oo%. 2"en s"e returne% in D + o in 1961, s"e &e rne% o' t"e i&&icit '' irs o' "er estr n$e% "usb n%. :"e t"en %eci%e% to t 5e t"e initi & ction. 1n 9#ri& 1961, s"e institute% com#& int 'or &e$ & se# r tion. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e %e t" o' s#ouse 'ter 'in & %ecree o' &e$ & se# r tion " s e''ect on t"e &e$ & se# r tion. 6ELD: !"e %e t" o' s#ouse 'ter 'in & %ecree o' &e$ & se# r tion " s no e''ect on t"e &e$ & se# r tion. 2"en t"e %ecree itse&' is issue%, t"e 'in &it) o' t"e se# r tion is com#&ete 'ter t"e & #se o' t"e #erio% to ##e & t"e %ecision to "i$"er court e+en i' t"e e''ects, suc" s t"e &i*ui% tion o' t"e #ro#ert), " +e not )et been commence% nor termin te%. !"e & ( c&e r&) s#e&&s out t"e e''ect o' 'in & %ecree o' &e$ & se# r tion on t"e conAu$ & #ro#ert). !"ere'ore, u#on t"e &i*ui% tion n% %istribution con'orm b&) (it" t"e e''ects o' suc" 'in & %ecree, t"e & ( on intest te succession s"ou&% t 5e o+er t"e %is#osition o' (" te+er rem inin$ #ro#erties " +e been &&oc te% to t"e %ece se% s#ouse. :uc" %isso&ution n% &i*ui% tion re necess r) conse*uences o' t"e 'in & %ecree. 9rtic&e 1<6 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e, no( 9rtic&e 63 o' t"e F mi&) Co%e #ro+i%es t"e e''ects o' t"e %ecree o' &e$ & se# r tion. !"ese &e$ & e''ects i#so ' cto or utom tic &&) 'o&&o(s, s n ine+it b&e inci%ent o' t"e Au%$ment %ecreein$ &e$ & se# r tion, 'or t"e #ur#ose o' %eterminin$ t"e s" re o' e c" s#ouse in t"e conAu$ & ssets. RI&6TS AND O0LI&ATIONS 0ETHEEN 6,S0ANDS AND HIVES (ARTICLE )8?%) ARTCLE )8 P -en'(an vs. CA GR No. 139#89, 139808, 3u!y 19, 2001 9ACTS:

1n 7 rc" 1999, ?r&in% 1&&usorio, t"e (i'e o' "erein #etitioner, Potenci no, #etitione% 'or " be s cor#us ("ic" ( s %ismisse% on 7 ) 2<<< 'or & c5 o' merit n% $r nte% t"e #etition to nu&&i') t"e C9 ru&in$ $i+in$ +isit tion ri$"ts to ?r&in% . !"is c se be'ore :C is ?r&in% ,s motion to reconsi%er t"e %ecision m %e. 9 con'erence ( s set on :e#tember 2<<< to %etermine t"e #ro#riet) n% re&e+ nce o' #")sic & n% me%ic & e4 min tion o' Potenci no n% "o( it (i&& be con%ucte%. ?r&in% ,s motion to " +e Potenci no be me%ic &&) e4 mine% b) te m o' me%ic & e4#erts ##ointe% b) t"e Court ( s %enie% (it" 'in &it) in 7 rc" 2<<1. ISS,E: 2"et"er court c n + &i%&) issue n or%er com#e&&in$ t"e "usb n% to &i+e to$et"er n% obser+e mutu & &o+e, res#ect n% 'i%e&it). 6ELD: ?r&in% c& ime% t" t s"e ( s not com#e&&in$ Potenci no to &i+e (it" "er in consortium but c&e r&) s"e ( nte% t"e & tter to &i+e (it" "er n% is t"e root c use o' "er #etition. 2" t t"e & ( #ro+i%es is t" t -"usb n% n% (i'e re ob&i$e% to &i+e to$et"er, obser+e mutu & &o+e, res#ect n% 'i%e&it).. !"e s nction t"ereo' is t"e -s#ont neous, mutu & ''ection bet(een "usb n% n% (i'e n% not n) &e$ & m n% te or court or%er to en'orce consortium. ?+i%ent&), t"ere ( s bsence o' em# t") bet(een ?r&in% n% Potenci no " +in$ se# r te% 'rom be% n% bo r% since 1962. ?m# t") s %e'ine% b) :C is -s" re% 'ee&in$ bet(een "usb n% n% (i'e e4#erience% not on&) b) " +in$ s#ont neous se4u & intim c) but %ee# sense o' s#iritu & communion.. 7 rit & union is t(o-( ) #rocess. 1t is 'or t(o &o+in$ %u&ts ("o +ie( t"e re& tions"i# (it" res#ect, s cri'ice n% continuin$ commitment to to$et"erness, conscious o' its + &ue s sub&ime soci & institution. & (-(a vs. Ca1! s-Rueda 35 *+ ! 252 9ACTS: Luis 0oiti ) %e & C m r , #etitioner, n% Jose C m#os ) Bue% , res#on%ent, (ere m rrie% on J nu r) 6, 1915 n% " % resi%ence t 115 C &&e : n 7 rce&ino 7 ni& . !"e) st )e% to$et"er 'or mont" be'ore #etitioner returne% to "er # rent,s "ome. 0oiti 'i&e% com#& int $ inst res#on%ent 'or su##ort outsi%e t"e conAu$ & "ome. 1t ( s &&e$e% t" t res#on%ent %em n%e% "er to #er'orm unc" ste n% & sci+ious cts on "is $enit & or$ ns. Petitioner re'use% to #er'orm suc" cts n% %em n%e% "er "usb n% ot"er t" n t"e &e$ & n% + &i% co" bit tion. :ince 0oiti 5e#t on re'usin$, res#on%ent m &tre te% "er b) (or% n% %ee%, in'&ictin$ inAuries u#on "er &o#s, ' ce n% %i''erent bo%) # rts. !"e tri & court ru&e% in ' +or o' res#on%ent n% st te% t" t 0oiti cou&% not com#e& "er "usb n% to su##ort "er e4ce#t in t"e conAu$ & "ome un&ess it is b) +irtue o' Au%ici & %ecree $r ntin$ "er se# r tion or %i+orce 'rom res#on%ent. 0oiti 'i&e% motion 'or re+ie(. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not 0oiti c n com#e& "er "usb n% to su##ort "er outsi%e t"e conAu$ & "ome. 6ELD: !"e ob&i$ tion on t"e # rt o' t"e "usb n% to su##ort "is (i'e is cre te% mere&) in t"e ct o' m rri $e. !"e & ( #ro+i%es t" t t"e "usb n%, ("o is ob&i$e% to su##ort t"e (i'e, m ) 'u&'i&& t"e ob&i$ tion eit"er b) # )in$ "er 'i4e% #ension or b) m int inin$ "er in "is o(n "ome t "is o#tion. 3o(e+er, t"is o#tion $i+en b) & ( is not bso&ute. !"e & ( (i&& not #ermit t"e

"usb n% to e+ %e or termin te "is ob&i$ tion to su##ort "is (i'e i' t"e (i'e is %ri+en ( ) 'rom t"e conAu$ & "ome bec use o' "is (ron$'u& cts. 1n t"e c se t b r, t"e (i'e ( s 'orce% to &e +e t"e conAu$ & bo%e bec use o' t"e &e(% %esi$ns n% #")sic & ss u&t o' t"e "usb n%, s"e c n t"ere'ore c& im su##ort 'rom t"e "usb n% 'or se# r te m inten nce e+en outsi%e t"e conAu$ & "ome. T$ vs CA GR No. 12#40), No'e2ber 2#, 2000 9ACTS: Pri+ te res#on%ent, ?%$ r%o Be)es, ( s m rrie% (it" 9nn Ei&& nue+ in ci+i& ceremon) in 7 rc" 1966 in 7 ni& n% subse*uent&) " % c"urc" (e%%in$ in 9u$ust 1966. =ot" (e%%in$s (ere %ec& re% nu&& n% +oi% b initio 'or & c5 o' m rri $e &icense n% consent o' t"e # rties. ?+en be'ore t"e %ecree nu&&i')in$ t"e m rri $e ( s issue%, Be)es (e% /'e&i !) "erein #etitioner on 9#ri& 1969 n% " % t"eir c"urc" (e%%in$ in 7 5 ti on 9#ri& 1982. !"e %ecree ( s on&) issue% in 9u$ust 198<. 1n J nu r) 1991, Be)es 'i&e% (it" B!C com#& int to " +e "is m rri $e (it" #etitioner be %ec& re% nu&& n% +oi%. 9C ru&e% t" t Au%ici & %ec& r tion o' nu&&it) o' t"e #rior m rri $e (it" 9nn must 'irst be secure% be'ore subse*uent m rri $e cou&% be + &i%&) contr cte%. 3o(e+er, :C 'oun% t" t t"e #ro+isions o' t"e F mi&) Co%e c nnot be retro cti+e&) ##&ie% to t"e #resent c se 'or %oin$ so (ou&% #reAu%ice t"e +este% ri$"ts o' t"e #etitioner n% o' "er c"i&%ren. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not % m $es s"ou&% be ( r%e% to /'e&i !). 6ELD: :C is in t"e o#inion o' t"e &o(er courts t" t no % m $es s"ou&% be ( r%e% to t"e (i'e ("o sou$"t % m $es $ inst t"e "usb n% 'or 'i&in$ b se&ess com#& int c usin$ "er ment & n$uis", n4iet), besmirc"e% re#ut tion, soci & "umi&i tion n% &ien tion 'rom "er # rents. 9si%e 'rom t"e ' ct, t" t #etitioner ( nts "er m rri $e to #ri+ te res#on%ent "e&% + &i% n% subsistin$. :"e is &i5e(ise suin$ to m int in "er st tus s &e$itim te (i'e. !o $r nt "er #etition 'or % m $es (ou&% resu&t to situ tion ("ere t"e "usb n% # )s t"e (i'e % m $es 'rom conAu$ & or common 'un%s. !o %o so, (ou&% m 5e t"e ##&ic tion o' t"e & ( bsur%. 7oreo+er, P"i&i##ine & (s %o not com#re"en% n ction 'or % m $es bet(een "usb n% n% (i'e mere&) bec use o' bre c" o' m rit & ob&i$ tion. 3ence, t"e #etition ( s $r nte%. 7 rri $e bet(een !) n% Be)es is %ec& re% + &i% n% subsistin$ n% t"e ( r% o' t"e mount o' P15,<<< is r ti'ie% n% m int ine% s mont"&) su##ort to t"eir 2 c"i&%ren 'or s &on$ s t"e) re o' minor $e or ot"er(ise &e$ &&) entit&e% t"ereto. I"us r( vs. 0("dner GR No. 139#89, ,ay 12, 2000 9ACTS: Potenci no 1&usorio, & ()er, 86 )e r o&% o' $e, #ossesse% e4tensi+e #ro#ert) + &ue% t mi&&ions o' #esos. For m n) )e r, "e ( s t"e C" irm n o' t"e =o r% n% Presi%ent o' = $uio Countr) C&ub. 3e ( s m rrie% (it" ?r&in% 1&usorio, "erein #etitioner, 'or 3< )e rs n% be$otten 6 c"i&%ren n me&) B mon, Lin 1&&usorio-=i&%ner H%e'en% ntI, 7 4imo, :)&+i , 7 riett n% :"ereen. !"e) se# r te% 'rom be% n% bo r% in 1962. Potenci no &i+e% t

7 5 ti e+er) time "e ( s in 7 ni& n% t 1&&usorio Pent"ouse, = $uio Countr) C&ub ("en "e ( s in = $uio Cit). /n t"e ot"er " n%, t"e #etitioner &i+e% in 9nti#o&o Cit). 1n 1996, u#on Potenci no,s rri+ & 'rom >:, "e st )e% (it" "er (i'e 'or bout 5 mont"s in 9nti#o&o cit). !"e c"i&%ren, :)&+i n% Lin, &&e$e% t" t %urin$ t"is time t"eir mot"er o+er%ose Potenci no ("ic" c use% t"e & tter,s "e &t" to %eterior te. 1n Febru r) 1998, ?r&in% 'i&e% (it" B!C #etition 'or $u r%i ns"i# o+er t"e #erson n% #ro#ert) o' Potenci no %ue to t"e & tter,s %+ nce% $e, 'r i& "e &t", #oor e)esi$"t n% im# ire% Au%$ment. 1n 7 ) 1998, 'ter tten%in$ cor#or te meetin$ in = $uio, Potenci no %i% not return to 9nti#o&o inste % &i+e% t C&e+e& n% Con%ominium in 7 5 ti. 1n 7 rc" 1999, #etitioner 'i&e% (it" C9 #etition 'or " be s cor#us to " +e t"e custo%) o' "is "usb n% &&e$in$ t" t t"e res#on%ents re'use% "er %em n%s to see n% +isit "er "usb n% n% #ro"ibite% Potenci no 'rom returnin$ to 9nti#o&o. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e #etitione% (rit o' " be s cor#us s"ou&% be issue%. 6ELD: 9 (rit o' ha$eas cor-&s e4ten%s to && c ses o' i&&e$ & con'inement or %etention, or b) ("ic" t"e ri$"t'u& custo%) o' #erson is (it""e&% 'rom t"e one entit&e% t"ereto. !o Austi') t"e $r nt 'or suc" #etition, t"e restr int o' &ibert) must n i&&e$ & n% in+o&unt r) %e#ri+ tion o' 'ree%om o' ction. !"e i&&e$ & restr int o' &ibert) must be ctu & n% e''ecti+e not mere&) nomin & or mor &. ?+i%ence s"o(e% t" t t"ere ( s no ctu & n% e''ecti+e %etention or %e#ri+ tion o' Potenci no,s &ibert) t" t (ou&% Austi') issu nce o' t"e (rit. !"e ' ct t" t t"e & tter ( s 86 )e rs o' $e n% un%er me%ic tion %oes not necess ri&) ren%er "im ment &&) inc # cit te%. 3e sti&& " s t"e c # cit) to %iscern "is ctions. 2it" "is 'u&& ment & c # cit) " +in$ t"e ri$"t o' c"oice, "e m ) not be t"e subAect o' +isit tion ri$"ts $ inst "is 'ree c"oice. /t"er(ise, "e (i&& be %e#ri+e% o' "is ri$"t to #ri+ c). !"e c se t b r %oes not in+o&+e t"e ri$"t o' # rent to +isit minor c"i&% but t"e ri$"t o' (i'e to +isit "usb n%. 1n n) e+ent, t" t t"e "usb n% re'uses to see "is (i'e 'or #ri+ te re sons, "e is t &ibert) to %o so (it"out t"re t or n) #en &t) tt c"e% to t"e e4ercise o' "is ri$"t. Co+erture, is m tter be)on% Au%ici & ut"orit) n% c nnot be en'orce% b) com#u&sion o' (rit o' " be s cor#us c rrie% out b) t"e s"eri''s or b) n) ot"er #rocess. ARTICLE ?% A$a"a Inves-1en-s vs CA GR No. 118305, February 12, 1998 9ACTS: P"i&i##ine =&oomin$ 7i&&s HP=7I obt ine% P5<,3<<,<<<.<< &o n 'rom #etitioner 9) & 1n+estment n% De+e&o#ment Cor#or tion H91DCI. Bes#on%ent 9&'re%o C"in$, ?EP o' P=7, e4ecute% securit) $reements on December 198< n% 7 rc" 1981 m 5in$ "im Aoint&) n% se+er &&) ns(er b&e (it" P=7,s in%ebte%ness to 91DC. P=7 ' i&e% to # ) t"e &o n "ence 'i&in$ o' com#& int $ inst P=7 n% C"in$. !"e B!C ren%ere% Au%$ment or%erin$ P=7 n% C"in$ to Aoint&) n% se+er &&) # ) 91DC t"e #rinci# & mount (it" interests. Pen%in$ t"e ##e & o' t"e Au%$ment, B!C issue% (rit o' e4ecution. !"ere 'ter, 7 $s Ao, ##ointe% %e#ut) s"eri'', c use% t"e issu nce n% ser+ice u#on res#on%ent s#ouses o' t"e notice o' s"eri'' s &e on 3 o' t"eir conAu$ & #ro#erties on 7 ) 1982. Bes#on%ent s#ouses 'i&e% inAunction $ inst

#etitioners on t"e $roun% t" t subAect &o n %i% not re%oun% to t"e bene'it o' t"e s i% conAu$ & # rtners"i#. C9 issue% !BP enAoinin$ &o(er court 'rom en'orcin$ its or%er # +in$ ( ) 'or t"e sc"e%u&e% uction s &e o' res#on%ent s#ouses conAu$ & #ro#erties. 9 certi'ic te o' s &e ( s issue% to 91DC, bein$ t"e on&) bi%%er n% ( s re$istere% on Ju&) 1982. ISS,E: 2"et"er or not t"e %ebts n% ob&i$ tions contr cte% b) t"e "usb n% consi%ere% -'or t"e bene'it o' t"e conAu$ & # rtners"i#. n% is it c" r$e b&e. 6ELD: !"e &o n #rocure% 'rom 91DC ( s 'or t"e %+ ncement n% bene'it o' P=7 n% not 'or t"e bene'it o' t"e conAu$ & # rtners"i# o' C"in$. Furt"ermore, 91DC ' i&e% to #ro+e t" t C"in$ contr cte% t"e %ebt 'or t"e bene'it o' t"e conAu$ & # rtners"i# o' $ ins. P=7 " s #erson &it) %istinct n% se# r te 'rom t"e ' mi&) o' C"in$ %es#ite t"e ' ct t" t t"e) " ##ene% to be stoc5"o&%ers o' s i% cor#or te entit). C&e r&), t"e %ebt ( s cor#or te %ebt n% ri$"t o' recourse to C"in$ s suret) is on&) to t"e e4tent o' "is cor#or te stoc5"o&%in$s. = se% 'rom t"e 'ore$oin$ Auris#ru%enti & ru&in$s o' t"e court, -i' t"e mone) or ser+ices re $i+en to not"er #erson or entit), n% t"e "usb n% cte% on&) s suret) or$u r ntor, t" t contr ct c nnot, b) itse&', &one be c te$orize% s ' &&in$ (it"in t"e conte4t o' ob&i$ tions 'or t"e bene'it o' t"e conAu$ & # rtners"i#.. !"e contr ct o' &o n or ser+ices is c&e r&) 'or t"e bene'it o' t"e #rinci# & %ebtor n% not 'or t"e suret) or "is ' mi&). C"in$ on&) si$ne% s suret) 'or t"e &o n contr cte% (it" 91DC in be" &' o' P=7. :i$nin$ s suret) is cert in&) not n e4ercise o' n in%ustr) or #ro'ession, it is not emb r5in$ in business. 3ence, t"e conAu$ & # rtners"i# s"ou&% not be m %e &i b&e 'or t"e suret) $reement ("ic" ( s c&e r&) 'or t"e bene'it o' P=7. !"e court %i% not su##ort t"e contention o' t"e #etitioner t" t bene'it 'or t"e ' mi&) m ) " +e resu&te% ("en t"e $u r ntee ( s in ' +or o' C"in$,s em#&o)ment H#ro&on$e% tenure, ##reci tion o' s" res o' stoc5s, #resti$e en" nce%I since t"e bene'its contem#& te% in 9rt. 161 o' t"e Ci+i& Co%e must be one %irect&) resu&tin$ 'rom t"e &o n. 1t must not be mere b) #ro%uct or s#in o'' o' t"e &o n itse&'. &one is