Instructors Guide

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Mechanical Design

Instructors' Guide
Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. #. Course Calendar Lecture Topics Study Guide and Problem Answers Midterm and inal !"am Midterm and inal !"am answers
Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

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Instructors# Guide
Course Calendar
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 " # 1$ 11 12 13 14 15 Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 " # 1$ Date Date 1st Weekly Meeting
Admin. $ %&er&iew Lecture 3 Lecture ( Lecture + Lecture 12 Lecture 1# C'. 3 C'. 4 C'. # C'. # C'. (
2nd Weekly Meeting

Lecture 1 Lecture 4 Lecture ) Lecture 1, Lecture 13 Lecture 1( Lecture 1) Lecture 2, Lecture 23 Lecture 2( Lecture 2) Lecture 3, Lecture 33 Lecture 3( C'. 1 C'. 3 C'. 4 C'. # C'. # C'. ( C'. ) C'. ) C'. * C'. + C'. 1, C'. 11 C'. 13 C'. 14
3rd Weekly Meeting

Lecture 2 Lecture # Lecture * Lecture 11 Lecture 14 C'. 2 C'. 3 C'. 4 C'. # C'. (
First Midterm Exam Lecture 1* Lecture 21 Lecture 24 C'. ) C'. * C'. *
Midterm Re ie! Lecture 1+ Lecture 22 Lecture 2# C'. ) C'. * C'. +
%e&ond Midterm Exam Lecture 2* Lecture 31 Lecture 34 Lecture 3) C'. 1, C'. 12 C'. 13 C'. 14
Midterm Re ie! Lecture 2+ Lecture 32 Lecture 3# C'. 11 C'. 12 C'. 14
Final 're ie!
Final 're ie!
Final 're ie!
1st Weekly Meeting

Admin. $ %&er&iew Lecture 3 Lecture ( Lecture + C'. 3 C'. 4 C'. (
2nd Weekly Meeting

Lecture 1 Lecture 4 Lecture ) Lecture 1, C'. 1 C'. 3 C'. # C'. (
3rd Weekly Meeting

Lecture 2 Lecture # Lecture * Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lecture 1# Lecture 1* Lecture 21 Lecture 24 C'. 3 C'. 4 C'. # C'. ( C'. ) C'. * C'. * C'.11 C'.12
Midterm Exam Lecture 13 Lecture 1( Lecture 1+ Lecture 22 Lecture 2# C'. ) C'. * C'. + C'.11 C'. 14
Midterm Re ie! Lecture 14 Lecture 1) Lecture 2, Lecture 23 C'. ) C'. * C'.+ C'.12
Final 're ie!

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Final 're ie!

Instructors# Guide
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Mechanical Design

Lecture Topics
(o)
1) ,ntrodu&tion A. 0. C. -'at is Geometric .imensionin/ and Tolerancin/ -'en s'ould G.$T be used1 Ad&anta/es o2 G.$T o&er coordinate dimensionin/ and tolerancin/ 1.T'e cylindrical tolerance 3one 2.T'e ma"imum material condition 3..atums speci2ied in order o2 precedence
*o+i&s
2) Dimensioning and *oleran&ing Fundamentals A. undamental drawin/ rules 0.4nits o2 an/ular measurement C.Types o2 dimensions ..Speci2yin/ linear tolerances !.Speci2yin/ an/ular tolerances .5nterpretin/ dimensional limits G..imensionin/ and Tolerancin/ 2or CA.6CAM database models 3) %ym-ols. *erms. and Rules A. Geometric c'aracteristic symbol 0. .atum 2eature symbol C. eature control 2rame .. Material conditions !. %t'er symbols used wit' /eometric tolerancin/ . Terms G. General rules 1.7ule 81 2.7ule 82 3.Pitc' diameter rule 4.9irtual condition rule Datums A. .e2inition 0. 5mmobili3ation o2 a part C. Application o2 datums .. .atum 2eature selection !. .atum 2eature identi2ication
Instructors# Guide &
3 4 5
4) 6
" 5) #
. G. :. 5. ;. <. L. M. =.
5nclined datum 2eatures Cylindrical datum 2eatures !stablis'in/ datums .atum 2eatures o2 si3e Multiple datum 2eatures A partial sur2ace as a datum 2eature .atum tar/ets .atum tar/ets establis'ed on a cylindrical part Step and e>uali3in/ datums
1$
11
12
13 6) 14
Form &ontrols A. latness 1. .e2inition 2. Speci2yin/ 2latness tolerance 3. 5nterpretation 4. 4nit 2latness #. 5nspection 0. Strai/'tness 1. .e2inition 2. Speci2yin/ strai/'tness o2 a sur2ace tolerance 3. 5nterpretation 4. 5nspection #. Speci2yin/ strai/'tness o2 a median line and median plane (. 5nterpretation ). 5nspection C. Circularity 1. .e2inition 2. Speci2yin/ Circularity Tolerance 3. 5nterpretation 4. 5nspection .. Cylindricity 1. .e2inition 2. Speci2yin/ Cylindricity Tolerance 3. 5nterpretation 4. 5nspection !. ree state &ariation 1. ree state 2. 7estrained condition /rientation A. Parallelism 1. .e2inition 2. Speci2yin/ parallelism o2 a 2lat sur2ace 3. 5nterpretation 4. 5nspection #. Speci2yin/ parallelism o2 an a"is

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Instructors# Guide
0. 15
C. 16
Perpendicularity 1. .e2inition 2. Speci2yin/ perpendicularity o2 a 2lat sur2ace 3. 5nterpretation 4. Tan/ent plane #. 5nspection (. Speci2yin/ perpendicularity o2 an a"is An/ularity 1. .e2inition 2. Speci2yin/ an/ularity o2 a 2lat sur2ace 3. 5nterpretation 4. 5nspection #. Speci2yin/ an/ularity o2 an a"is
7) 17
1" 1# 2$ ") 21 22 23 24
'osition. 0eneral A. Speci2yin/ t'e position tolerance 0. 5nterpretation C. 5nspection .. 7e/ardless o2 2eature si3e !. Ma"imum material condition . S'i2t tolerance G. Least material condition :. 0oundary conditions 5. ?,@ positional tolerancin/ at MMC 'osition. 1o&ation A. loatin/ and 2i"ed 2asteners 0. ProAected tolerance 3ones C. Multiple patterns o2 2eatures .. Composite positional tolerancin/ !. Two sin/leBse/ment 2eature control 2rames . =onparallel 'oles G. Counterbored 'oles :. =oncircular 2eatures at MMC 5. Symmetrical 2eatures at MMC 'osition. Coaxiality A. .e2inition 0. Comparison between positionC runoutC $ concentricity C. Speci2yin/ coa"iality at MMC .. Composite control o2 coa"ial 2eatures !. Tolerancin/ a plu/ and socDet
#) 25 26

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Instructors# Guide
27
2"
1$) Con&entri&ity 2 %ymmetry A. Concentricity 1. T'e de2inition o2 concentricity 2. Speci2yin/ concentricity 3. 5nterpretation 4. 5nspection #. Applications o2 concentricity 0. Symmetry 1. T'e de2inition o2 symmetry 2. Speci2yin/ symmetry 3. 5nterpretation 4. 5nspection #. Applications o2 symmetry 11) Runout A. .e2inition 0. Circular runout C. Total runout .. Speci2yin/ runout and partial runout !. Multiple datum 2eatures . ace and diameter datums G. Geometric control to re2ine datum 2eatures :. Sur2ace relations'ip between 2eatures 5. 5nspectin/ runout 12) 'ro3ile A. .e2inition 0. Speci2yin/ pro2ile C. T'e application o2 datums .. A radius re2inement wit' pro2ile !. Combinin/ pro2ile tolerances wit' ot'er /eometric controls . Coplanarity G. Pro2ile o2 a conical 2eature :. Composite pro2ile 13) 0ra+4i& 5nalysis A. Ad&anta/es o2 /rap'ic analysis 0. T'e accuracy o2 /rap'ic analysis C. Analysis o2 a composite /eometric tolerance .. Analysis o2 a pattern o2 2eatures controlled to a datum si3e 2eature 14) 5 %trategy 3or *oleran&ing 'arts A. Si3e 2eatures located to plane sur2ace 2eatures 0. Si3e 2eatures located to si3e 2eatures C. Si3e 2eatures located to a pattern o2 2eatures
2#
3$
31
32
33 34 35 36 37

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Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 1 ,ntrodu&tion to 0eometri& Dimensioning and *oleran&ing

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e * 1. Geometric .imensionin/ and Tolerancin/ is a symbolic lan/ua/e used to speci2y t'e
size
and 2.
shape
form
orientation
location
o2 2eatures on a part.
eatures toleranced wit' G.$T re2lect t'e between matin/ parts.
actual relationship
3. Geometric .imensionin/ and Tolerancin/ was desi/ned to insure t'e proper assembly o2
mating parts
C to impro&e
quality
C and reduce
cost
4. Geometric tolerancin/ allows t'e ma"imum a&ailable t'e most #.
tolerance
andC conse>uentlyC
economical ASME Y14.5M1994
parts. is t'e currentC aut'oritati&e re2erence document
t'at speci2ies t'e proper application o2 Geometric .imensionin/ and Tolerancin/. (. Plus or minus tolerancin/ /enerates a ).
rectangular
s'aped tolerance 3one.
!"#
/enerates a cylindrical s'aped tolerance 3one to control an a"is.
*. 52 t'e distance across a s>uare tolerance 3one is E .,,# or a total o2 .,1,C w'at is t'e appro"imate distance across t'e dia/onal1
$.%%& or .%14
Instructors# Guide *
+. 0onus tolerance e>uals t'e di22erence between t'e actual 2eature si3e and t'e
ma'imum material con(ition

1,. -'ile processin/C a rectan/ular part usually rests a/ainst a
(atum
reference frame
consistin/ o2 t'ree mutually perpendicular planes.
C4a+ter 2 Dimensioning and *oleran&ing Fundamentals

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 1# 1. !ac' dimension s'all 'a&e a
tolerance
e"cept t'ose dimensions
speci2ically identi2ied as re2erenceC ma"imumC minimumC or stocD. 2. !ac' 2eature s'all be
fully (imensione(
and
tolerance(
so t'at t'ere is a complete description o2 t'e c'aracteristics o2 eac' part. 3. 4. !ac' dimension s'all not be subAect to more t'an one T'e drawin/ s'ould met'od o2 #. A
interpretation
(efine
t'e part wit'out speci2yin/ a particular . applies w'ere center lines and lines
manufacturing
9%) angle
representin/ 2eatures on a drawin/ are s'own at ri/'t an/les and no an/le is speci2ied. (.
A *asic 9%) angle
applies w'ere centerlines o2 2eatures in a
pattern or sur2aces s'own at ri/'t an/les on a drawin/ are located or de2ined by basic dimensions and an/les are not speci2ied.
+ Instructors# Guide
).
All dimensions are to be measured at
+,)- ./%)01
unless ot'erwise speci2ied.
Measurements made at ot'er temperatures may be adAusted mat'ematically. *. All dimensions apply in t'e parts. +. All /eometric tolerances apply 2or t'e
free state con(ition
e"cept 2or nonBri/id
full (epth full 2i(th
C o2 t'e 2eature unless ot'erwise
full length
speci2ied.
C and
1,. .imensions and tolerances apply only at t'e speci2ied.
(ra2ing le3el
w'ere t'ey are
11. 4nits o2 linear measurement are typically e"pressed eit'er in t'e
inch
system or t'e
metric
system.
12. An/ular units o2 measurement are speci2ied eit'er in
(egrees an( (ecimal parts of a

.
(egree
or
(egrees4 minutes4 an( secon(s
13. -'at two dimensions are not placed on t'e 2ield o2 t'e drawin/1
#he 9%) angle an( a zero (istance

14. -'at are t'e two types o2 direct tolerancin/ met'ods1
5imit (imensioning an( plus an( minus (imensioning

1#. or decimal inc' tolerancesC a t'an one inc'. 1(. or decimal inc' tolerancesC a dimension is speci2ied wit' t'e same number o2 decimal places as its
zero
is ne&er placed be2ore t'e decimal point 2or &alues less
tolerance
,-
.
Instructors# Guide
1).
or decimal inc' tolerancesC w'en a unilateral tolerance is speci2ied and eit'er t'e plus or minus limit is 3eroC its 3ero &alue will 'a&e as t'e ot'er limit and t'e appropriate
the same num*er of plus an( minus signs
(ecimal places
.
1*.
or decimal inc' tolerancesC w'ere bilateral tolerancin/ or limit dimensionin/ and tolerancin/ is usedC bot' &alues
ha3e the same num*er of (ecimal places
1+. -'ere basic dimensions are usedC t'e basic dimension &alues are e"pressed wit'
the same num*er of (ecimal places as the associate( tolerances

2,. .imensional limits are used as i2 t'e last di/it a2ter t'e decimal point. 21. 52 CA.6CAM database models are used and t'ey do not include tolerancesC t'en tolerance must be e"pressed
. 2ollowed
an infinite num*er of zeros
outsi(e of the (ata*ase to reflect (esign requirements.

,,
Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 3 %ym-ols. *erms. and Rules

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 3+ 1. 2. 3. 4. T'e second compartment o2 t'e 2eature control 2rame is t'e -'at type o2 /eometric controls 'as no datums1
tolerance
compartment.
-orm controls -lattness
-'ic' o2 t'e location controls is t'e most common1
-'at type o2 /eometric controls indicates an an/ular relations'ip wit' speci2ied datums1
6rientation controls
#. -'at is t'e name o2 t'e symbol t'at must identi2y p'ysical 2eatures o2 a part and s'all not be applied to centerlinesC center planesC or a"es1 (. ).
!atum feature sym*ol 74 64 " 8
.atum identi2yin/ letters may be any letter o2 t'e alp'abet e"cept w'at letters1
52 t'e datum 2eature symbol is placed in line wit' a dimension line or on a 2eature control 2rame associated wit' a si3e 2eatureC t'en t'e datum is w'at1
A size feature
*. %ne o2 t'e 14 /eometric c'aracteristic symbols always appears in t'e compartment o2 t'e 2eature control 2rame.
first

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Instructors# Guide
Pertains to
Typeof Tolerance
Geometric C haracteristics 2T18IG9T6422
Symbol
Indi.idua Feature /n 0
FL8T6422 Form 5I15:L81IT3 53LI6D1I5IT3
Indi.idua Feature or 1e ated Features
71/FIL4/F 8 LI64 7ro!i e 71/FIL4/F 8 2:1F854 86G:L81IT3 /rientation 741746DI5:L81IT3 7818LL4LI2"
1e ated Features Location
7/2ITI/6 5/6546T1I5IT3 23""4T13 5I15:L81 1:6/:T 1unout T/T8L1:6/:T
Fig) 3623 0eometri& &4ara&teristi& sym-ols +. -rite t'e names and /eometric c'aracteristic symbols w'ere indicated in i/. 3B23.
Instructors# Guide ,%
1,. T'e tolerance is preceded by a diameter symbol only i2 t'e tolerance 3one is 11. .atums are arran/ed in order o2
cylin(rical
. .
prece(ence or importance
12. -rite t'e nameC abbre&iationC and symbol 2or t'e t'ree material condition modi2iers.
MaterialCondition
Regardless of Feature Size Maximum Material Condition Least Material Condition
Abbreviation
RFS MMC LMC
Symbol
None
M L
13. -'ic' modi2ier speci2ies t'at t'e tolerance is t'e same no matter w'at si3e t'e 2eature is wit'in its si3e limits1
9egar(less of -eature Size .9-S1
14. T'e ma"imum material condition modi2ier speci2ies t'at t'e tolerance applies at t'e
ma'imum
material
con(ition
o2 t'e 2eature.
1#. T'e ma"imum material condition modi2ier speci2ies t'at as t'e actual si3e o2 t'e 2eature departs 2rom ma"imum material condition toward least material conditionC a
*onus
tolerance
is ac'ie&ed in t'e e"act amount o2 suc' departure.
1(. T'e bonus tolerance e>uals t'e di22erence between t'e
actual feature size an( MM0

1). T'e total positional tolerance e>uals t'e sum o2 t'e tolerance and t'e
*onus
tolerance.
geometric tolerance

,&
Instructors# Guide
.515-.540 Hole
.495-.500
Pin
C
1.000
1.000
1.000
Fig) 3624 re3er to t4is dra!ing 3or 7uestions 1" t4roug4 25)
8ole
1*. 1+. 2,. 21. 22. 23. -'at is t'e MMC1 -'at is t'e LMC1 -'at is t'e /eometric tolerance1 -'at material condition modi2ier is speci2ied1 -'at datumFsG controlFsG perpendicularity1 -'at datumFsG controlFsG location1
'in .5%% .495 .%%5 MM0 A :"0
.515 .54% .%1% MM0 A :"0
24. Complete t'e table below.
,nternal Feature 98ole:

5&tual Feature 0eometri&
,'
*otal 'ositional
Instructors# Guide
%i;e MMC.#1# .#2, .#2# .#3, .#3# LMC .#4,
MMC
<onus
*oleran&e
*oleran&e
.515 .515 .515 .515 .515 .515
.%%% .%%5 .%1% .%15 .%/% .%/5
.%1% .%1% .%1% .%1% .%1% .%1%
.%1% .%15 .%/% .%/5 .%;% .%;5
*a-le 363 <onus toleran&e 3or 4oles 2#. Complete t'e table below.
External Feature 9'in:

5&tual Feature %i;e MMC .#,, .4++ .4+* .4+) .4+( LMC .4+# 0eometri& *oleran&e *otal 'ositional *oleran&e
MMC
<onus
.5%% .5%% .5%% .5%% .5%% .5%%
.%%% .%%1 .%%/ .%%; .%%4 .%%5
.%%5 .%%5 .%%5 .%%5 .%%5 .%%5
.%%5 .%%+ .%%& .%%, .%%9 .%1%
*a-le 364 <onus toleran&e 3or +ins 4sin/ t'e drawin/ in i/. 3B23C complete tables 3B3 and 3B4 abo&e.
2(. T'e all around and between symbols are used wit' w'at control1
<rofile
2). -'at is t'e name o2 an actual 2eature on a part used to establis' a datum1
A (atum feature
2*. A numerical &alue used to speci2y t'e t'eoretically e"act si3eC pro2ileC orientationC or location o2 a
,( Instructors# Guide
2eature is called1
:asic (imension
2+. -'at is t'e t'eoretically e"act pointC lineC or plane deri&ed 2rom t'e true /eometric counterpart o2 a speci2ied datum 2eature called1
!atum
3,. -'at is a real sur2ace wit' a su22iciently precise 2ormC suc' as a sur2ace plate or mac'ine tableC used to contact datum 2eatures to establis' simulated datums called1
A simulate( (atum
Name All Around Between Number of Places Counterbore/Spotface Countersink Depth/Deep Diameter Dimension, Basic Dimension, Reference
Symbol
Name Free State
Symbol
F P T
r c 0 > ? s
Projected Tolerance Zone Tangent Plane Radius Radius, Controlled Spherical Radius Spherical Diameter Square Statistical Tolerance
X
; < =
1.000
(60)

,)
Instructors# Guide
Dimension Origin
Datum Target
.500 A1
Arc Length Conical Taper
110
A
Target Point Slope B
Fig) 3625 0eometri& toleran&ing sym-ols 31. .raw t'e indicated /eometric tolerancin/ symbols in t'e spaces on i/. 3B23. 32. -'at is t'e name o2 a p'ysical portion o2 a partC suc' as a sur2aceC pinC 'oleC tabC or slot1
A feature
33. -'at is t'e name o2 a 2eature t'at 'as a dimension suc' as a cylindrical sur2ace or two opposed parallel sur2aces1
A feature of size .size feature1 A feature of size
34. -'at Dind o2 2eatures always apply at MMCC LMCC or 7 S1
3#. -'at is t'e ma"imum amount o2 material wit'in t'e stated limits o2 si3e o2 a si3e 2eature called1
Ma'imum material con(ition

3(. -'at is a 2eature o2 si3e wit' t'e least amount o2 material wit'in t'e stated limits o2 si3e called1 1
5east material con(ition

3). -'at is t'e term used to indicate t'at a speci2ied /eometric tolerance or datum re2erence applies at eac' increment o2 si3e o2 a 2eature wit'in its limits o2 si3e1 1
9egar(less of feature size
3*. -'at is t'e t'eoretically e"act location o2 a 2eature establis'ed by basic dimensions called1
,* Instructors# Guide
#rue position
3+. -'at is a constant boundary /enerated by t'e collecti&e e22ects o2 t'e MMC limit o2 si3e o2 a 2eature and t'e applicable /eometric tolerance called1
=irtual con(ition
4,. -'ere only a tolerance o2 si3e is speci2iedC t'e limits o2 si3e o2 an indi&idual 2eature prescribe t'e e"tent to w'ic' &ariations in its geometri& 3orm. as well as si;eC are allowed. T'is statement is t'e essence o2
9ule >1 MM0
41. T'e 2orm tolerance increases as t'e actual si3e o2 t'e 2eature departs 2rom toward
5M0
42. 52 2eatures on a drawin/ are s'own coa"ialC or symmetrical to eac' ot'er and not controlled 2or
location
C t'e drawin/ is incomplete.
43. 52 t'ere is no orientation control speci2ied 2or a rectan/le on a drawin/C t'e perpendicularity is controlledC not by t'e si3e
tolerance
C but by t'e tolerance. automatically appliesC
title *loc? angularity tolerance

44. 7ule 82 states t'at
regar(less of feature size .9-S1
to indi&idual tolerances o2 si3e 2eatures and to datum 2eatures o2 si3e. 4#. !ac' /eometric tolerances or datum re2erence speci2ied 2or screw t'reads applies to t'e a"is o2 t'e t'read deri&ed 2rom t'e
pitch (iameter
4(. !ac' /eometric tolerance or datum re2erence speci2ied 2or /ears and splines must desi/nate t'e speci2ic 2eature at w'ic' eac' applies suc' as
,+ Instructors# Guide
MA@69 !7A4 <7#0A !7A4 or M7B69 !7A
4). -'ere a datum 2eature o2 si3e is controlled by a /eometric tolerance and is speci2ied as a secondary or tertiary datumC t'e datum applies at wit' respect to orientation.
3irtual con(ition
'ro-lems
Pa/e 44
A
Fig) 3626 Material &ondition sym-ols= 'ro-lem 1 1.
7ead t'e complete tolerance in eac' 2eature control 2rame in i/. 3B2#C and write t'em below F.atum A is a si3e 2eatureG. A.
5ocate the feature .s1 2ith a cylin(rical tolerance zone .%%5 in (iameter to (atum A.
0.
5ocate the feature .s1 2ith a cylin(rical tolerance zone .%%5 in (iameter at MM0 to (atum A at MM0.

$-
Instructors# Guide
A 2X 1.375-1.390
B D C E
C 2.000-2.020 1.000 A
1.000
4.000 6.000-6.020
B F H
Fig) 3627 De3initions= 'ro-lem 2 1. Place t'e letters o2 t'e items on t'e drawin/ in i/. 3B24 ne"t to t'e terms below. MaDe a das' ne"t to t'e terms not s'own.
A :
.atum MMC LMC
0asic .imension
7 ! A
eature control 2rame True Position .atum 2eature symbol
0 E
eature eature o2 Si3e

$,
Instructors# Guide
4.25
8X .514-.540
A A
.500-.510 2.500 C A 8X 45 1.255-1.265 .75 SECTION AA
Unless Otherwise Specified: .XX = .01 ANGLES = 1
Fig) 362" >irtual &ondition rule= 'ro-lem 3 3. -'en inspectin/ t'e ei/'tB'ole patternH A. .oes t'e center 'oleC datum 0C apply at MMC or &irtual condition1
=irtual con(ition
52 t'e center 'ole were produced at I 1.2(,C 'ow muc' s'i2t tolerance would be a&ailable 2rom t'e center 'ole1
A cylin(rical tolerance of .%1% in (iameter =irtual con(ition .7n
0. .oes t'e DeyseatC datum CC apply at MMC or &irtual condition1
this case4 3irtual con(ition is the same as MM0.1

52 t'e Deyseat were produced at .#,#C 'ow muc' s'i2t tolerance would be a&ailable 2rom t'e Deyseat1
#he tolerance *et2een t2o parallel planes .%%5 apart

Instructors# Guide $$
C4a+ter 4 Datums
C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e (3 1. .atums are t'eoretically per2ect .atums establis' t'e
points4 lines4 an( planes
2.
origin
2rom w'ic' t'e location or /eometric c'aracteristic o2
2eatures o2 a part are establis'ed. 3. .atums e"ist wit'in a structure o2 t'ree mutually perpendicular intersectin/ planes Dnown as a
(atum reference frame

4.
To properly position a part wit' datum 2eatures t'at are plane sur2aces in a datum re2erence 2rameC t'e datum 2eatures must be speci2ied in order o2
prece(ence three
5.
T'e primary datum 2eature contacts t'e datum re2erence 2rame wit' a minimum o2 points o2 contactJnot in a strai/'t line.
6. 7. *. +.
.atums are assumed to e"ist in and be simulated by t'e
processing equipment
.atums are speci2ied in order o2 precedence as t'ey appear in .atums need not be in
the feature control frame.

order.
alpha*etical
-'en selectin/ datum 2eaturesC t'e desi/ner s'ould consider 2eatures t'at areH
-unctional surfaces4 mating surfaces4 rea(ily accessi*le surfaces4 an( surfaces that allo2 repeata*le measurements
$%
Instructors# Guide
10. T'e primary datum controls
the orientation of the part physical features
11. T'e datum 2eature symbol is used to identi2y o2 a part as datum 2eatures. 12. .atum 2eature symbols s'all not be applied to
centerlines4 center planes4 or a'es

13. %ne met'od o2 tolerancin/ datum 2eatures at an an/le to t'e datum re2erence 2rame is to place a datum 2eature symbol on t'e
incline( surface
and control t'at
sur2ace wit' an an/ularity tolerance and a basic an/le. 14. A
cylin(rical (atum feature
is always
intersected by two t'eoretical planes meetin/ at ri/'t an/les at its datum a"is. 1#. T'e two Dinds o2 2eatures speci2ied as datums areH
-eatures not su*Cect to size 3ariations -eatures su*Cect to size 3ariations

1(. Si3e 2eatures may apply at
regar(less of feature size or ma'imum material

)
con(ition
1). -'en si3e 2eatures are speci2ied at 7 SC t'e processin/ e>uipment must maDe
physical contact
wit' t'e datum 2eatures.
1*. -'en si3e 2eatures are speci2ied at MMCC t'e si3e o2 t'e processin/ e>uipment 'as a
constant *oun(ary

$&
Instructors# Guide
2X .510-.530
6.000-6.020
B Fig) 461" Datum 3eature o3 si;e dra!ing 3or 7uestions 1# 6 24 1+. T'e 2B'ole pattern is perpendicular to w'at datum1 20, T'e 2B'ole pattern is located to w'at datum1
!atum A !atum : 6.030 2X .500
21. If inspected with a gage, what is the datum B diameter of the gage? 22. If inspected with a gage, what is the diameter of the 2 pins on the gage?
23. If datum B had been specified at RFS, explain how the gage would be different.
Datum B would have to be a variable diameter like a chuck to make physical contact with the outside diameter.
24. If datum B had been specified as the primary datum at RFS, explain how the gage would be different.
$' Instructors# Guide
Datum B would not only have to be a variable diameter, such as a chuck, to make physical contact with the outside diameter, but the outside diameter, datum B, would align with the gage as well.
25. 52 a datum 2eature symbol is in line wit' a dimension lineC t'e datum is t'e
size feature
measured by t'e dimension.
2(. -'en cylinders are speci2ied as datums at re/ardless o2 2eature si3eC t'e entire sur2ace is considered to be t'e
(atum feature
27. -'en more t'an one datum 2eature is used to establis' a sin/le datumC t'e
(atum reference letters
and appropriate
mo(ifiers
are separated by a das' and speci2ied in one compartment o2 t'e 2eature control 2rame. 28. 52 only a part o2 a 2eature is re>uired to be t'e datum 2eatureC t'en a
hea3y chain
line
is drawn adAacent to t'e sur2ace pro2ile and dimensioned wit' basic dimensions.
29. .atum tar/ets may be used to immobili3e parts wit' 3,. Costly manu2acturin/ and inspection datum tar/ets.
une3en or irregular surfaces
tooling
is re>uired to process

$(
Instructors# Guide
'ro-lems
Pa/e ((
A B
1.997-2.000 4X 1.010-1.030
(+) See below
4.000
Fig) 461# Datums at MMC and RF%= 'ro-lem 1 1. Complete t'e 2eature control 2rames wit' datums and material condition symbols to re2lect t'e drawin/ in i/. 4B1+.

$)
Instructors# Guide
4X .760 -.790
or
3.500 1.500
C
1.500
2.500
1.500
3.000
A B
1.000 - 1.030
or
D
Fig) 462$ %+e&i3ying datums and datum 3eature sym-ols= 'ro-lem 2 2. Pro&ide t'e appropriate datum 2eature symbols on t'e drawin/ and datums in t'e 2eature control 2rames in t'e datum e"ercise abo&e.
.#2o solutions suggeste(.1

$*
Instructors# Guide
4X .514-.590
3.970 2.500
.500.515
4.2004.230
A B
Fig) 4621 %+e&i3ying datums and datum 3eature sym-ols= 'ro-lem 3 3. Specify the appropriate datums feature symbols and datums in the drawing in Fig. 4-21.
(One solution. Explore other possibilities.)

$+
Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 5 Form
C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e *, 1. 2. 3. orm tolerances are independent o2 all =o
other features
. apply to 2orm tolerances.
(atums
T'e 2orm o2 indi&idual 2eatures is automatically controlled by t'e
size tolerance4 rule >1

4. A 2orm tolerance may be speci2ied as a re2inement w'en
the size tolerance (oes not a(equately control the form of a feature
#. All 2orm tolerances are sur2ace controls e"cept 2or
straightness of a me(ian line an( straightness of a me(ian plane

(. =o
cylin(rical tolerance zones
or
material con(itions
are appropriate 2or sur2ace controls. ). latness o2 a sur2ace is a condition w'ere all line elements o2 t'at sur2ace are in one
plane
*. 5n a &iew w'ere t'e sur2ace to be controlled wit' a 2latness tolerance appears as a a 2eature control 2rame is attac'ed to t'e sur2ace wit' a
line
C .
lea(er or e'tension line

%-
Instructors# Guide
+.
T'e 2eature control 2rame controllin/ 2latness contains a and a
flatness sym*ol
.
numerical tolerance t2o parallel planes
1,. T'e sur2ace bein/ controlled 2or 2latness must lie between
separated by t'e 2latness tolerance. 5n additionC t'e 2eature must 2all wit'in t'e
size tolerance
11. T'e 2latness tolerance 3one does not need to be 12. T'e si3e 2eature may not e"ceed t'e
parallel
to any ot'er sur2ace.
*oun(ary of perfect form at MM0
1.000-1.020
Fig) 5612 %+e&i3ying 3latness 13. Speci2y t'e 2latness o2 t'e top sur2ace o2 t'e part in i/. #B12 wit'in .,,( in a 2eature control 2rame. 14. .raw a 2eature control 2rame wit' an o&erall 2latness o2 .,1# and a unit 2latness o2 .,,1 per s>uare inc'.
1#. To measure t'e 2latness o2 a 2eatureC 2irstC t'e si3e 2eature is measured to &eri2y t'at it 2alls wit'in t'e
size limits
1(. T'e sur2ace is adAusted wit' AacDscrews to remo&e any
%,
parallelism
error.
Instructors# Guide
1). T'enC 2latness &eri2ication is ac'ie&ed by measurin/ t'e sur2ace in 1*. Strai/'tness is a condition w'ere a line element o2 a
all (irections
surface4 a me(ian line4 or a

is a strai/'t line.
line element of a me(ian plane

1+. 5n a &iew w'ere t'e line elements to be controlled appear as a a 2eature control 2rame is attac'ed to t'e sur2ace wit' a 2,. Strai/'tness tolerance is a re2inement o2 t'e and must be less t'an t'e
line

C .
size tolerance4 rule >1
size tolerance
5&tual 'art %i;e 1.,2, 1.,1* 1.,1( 1.,14 1.,1, 1.,,# 1.,,, *a-le 565 'ro-lem 21
%traig4tness *oleran&e
Controlled <y
.%%% .%%/ .%%4 .%%4 .%%4 .%%4 .%%4 Straightness #olerance 9ule >1
21. Complete Table #B# speci2yin/ t'e strai/'tness tolerance and w'at controls it 2or t'e drawin/ in i/. #B4. 22. T'e measurement o2 sur2ace &ariation 2or strai/'tness is per2ormed similar to t'e measurement 2or
flatness
23. !ac' line element is
in(epen(ent
%$
o2 e&ery ot'er line element.

Instructors# Guide
24. -'en a 2eature control 2rame wit' a strai/'tness tolerance is associated wit' a si3e dimensionC t'e strai/'tness tolerance
applies to the me(ian line or
a me(ian
.
plane
2#. -'ile eac' actual local si3e must 2all wit'in t'e si3e
tolerance
t'e 2eature controlled wit' strai/'tness o2 a median line or median plane may e"ceed t'e
e'cee( the *oun(ary of perfect form

at ma"imum material condition. 2(. A strai/'tness control o2 a median line or median plane will allow t'e 2eature to &iolate
9ule >1
2). 52 speci2ied at MMCC t'e total strai/'tness tolerance o2 a median line or median plane e>uals t'e tolerance in t'e 2eature control 2rame plus any
*onus tolerance
Cylindri&al Feature 9%traig4tness o3 a Median 1ine: Feature %i;e 1.,2, MMC 1.,1# 1.,1, 1.,,# 1.,,, LMC
.%%+ .%%+ .%%+ .%%+ .%%+
.%%+ .%11 .%1+ .%/1 .%/+
2*. Complete t'e table abo&e speci2yin/ t'e appropriate tolerances 2or t'e si3es /i&en.
%%
Instructors# Guide
2+. Strai/'tness &eri2ication o2 a si3e 2eature speci2ied at MMC can be ac'ie&ed by
placing the part in a full form functional gage

3,. Strai/'tness &eri2ication o2 a si3e 2eature speci2ied at
9-S
cannot be ac'ie&ed by placin/ t'e part in a 2ull 2orm 2unctional /a/e. 31. Circularity tolerance consists o2 two in w'ic' t'e
concentric circles
ra(ial (istance
between t'em is e>ual to t'e tolerance speci2ied in t'e 2eature control 2rame. 32. or circularity &eri2ication t'e 2eature must 2irst be measured at eac' cross section to determine t'at it satis2ies t'e
limits of size
and
rule >1
. .
33. Circularity can be accurately inspected on a
circularity inspection machine
34. Cylindricity is a condition i2 t'e sur2ace o2 a cylinder w'ere all points o2 t'e sur2ace are
equi(istant from the a'is

3#. T'e cylindricity tolerance consists o2 two t'e
coa'ial cylin(ers
in w'ic'
ra(ial feature control frame composite
between t'em is e>ual to t'e tolerance . 2orm tolerance t'at simultaneously controls o2 cylindrical 2eatures.
speci2ied in t'e 3(. Cylindricity is a
circularity4 straightness of a surface4 an( taper

%&
Instructors# Guide
Size Feature 1. .atums do not apply to t'ese controls 2. T'is tolerance &iolate rule 81 3. T'is is a si3e 2eature control 4. T'is control is associated wit' t'e dimension #. T'is tolerance may e"ceed t'e si3e tolerance (. 7ule 81 applies to t'is tolerance ). T'is tolerance is a sur2ace control *. T'is control is speci2ied wit' a leader +. T'is tolerance is a re2inement o2 7ule 81 1,. T'e IC circle MC and circle L symbols may be used *a-le 567 'ro-lem 37 3). Place an K in t'e row and under t'e control t'at a/rees wit' t'e statement. 3*. ree state &ariation is a term used to describe t'e distortion o2 a part a2ter t'e remo&al o2 2orces applied durin/ t'e
X X X X X
X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X
X X X
manufacturing process
3+. -'ere a 2orm or location tolerance is speci2ied 2or a 2eature in t'e 2ree stateC t'e 2ree state symbol is placed inside t'e
feature control frame

.
2ollowin/ t'e
tolerance an( any mo(ifiers

4,. A minimum o2
four measurements
must be taDen to insure
t'e accuracy o2 an a&era/e diameter. 41. T'e restrained condition s'ould simulate
actual assem*ly con(itions

%'
Instructors# Guide
'ro-lems
Pa/e *4
OR
1.000
3.000
.CCC D E .-,ANGLES = 1
Fig) 5613 Flatness= 'ro-lem 1 1. Speci2y a 2latness control o2 .,,# 2or t'e top sur2ace o2 t'e part in i/. #B13.
.Either a lea(er or an e'tension line can *e use(1

2. 0elowC draw a 2eature control 2rame wit' a unit 2latness o2 .,,3 per s>uare inc' and an o&erall 2latness o2 .,1#.

%(
Instructors# Guide
Fig) 5614 straig4tness o3 a sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 3 3. Speci2y strai/'tness o2 a sur2ace o2 .,,2 on t'e cylinder in t'e drawin/ in i/. #B14.
Fig) 5615 straig4tness o3 a median line= 'ro-lem 4 4. Speci2y strai/'tness o2 a median line o2 .,1, at MMC on t'e cylinder in t'e drawin/ in i/. #B1#.
.#he feature control frame must *e associate( 2ith the (imension.1

%)
Instructors# Guide
Fig) 5616 Cir&ularity= 'ro-lems 5 and 6 #. (. Speci2y a circularity tolerance o2 .,,2 on t'e come in t'e drawin/ in i/. #B1(. Speci2y a cylindricity tolerance o2 .,,,# on t'e cylinder in t'e drawin/ in i/. #B1(.
C4a+ter 6 /rientation
C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e +) 1. 2. %rientation is t'e /eneral term used to describe t'e %rientation controls include
angular relations'ip between 2eatures.
parallelism4 perpen(icularity4 angularity4 an( in
some cases4 profile

3. All orientation controls must 'a&e
(atums

%*
Instructors# Guide
4.
5n a &iew w'ere t'e sur2ace to be controlled appears as a lineC a 2eature control 2rame is attac'ed to t'e sur2ace wit' a
#.
T'e 2eature control 2rame 2or parallelism o2 a sur2ace must at least contain
a parallelism sym*ol4 a numerical tolerance4 an( at least one (atum

(. ). T'e datum 2eature is identi2ied wit' a
. .
(atum feature sym*ol
Parallelism tolerance o2 a 2lat sur2ace is a re2inement o2 t'e si3e tolerance and must be less t'an t'e
size tolerance
*. +. Si3e 2eatures may not e"ceed t'e
ma'imum material con(ition *oun(ary
A sur2ace bein/ controlled wit' a parallelism tolerance must lie between
t2o parallel planes
separated by t'e parallelism
tolerance speci2ied in t'e 2eature control 2rame. T'e tolerance 3one must also be
parallel
1,. T'e controlled sur2ace may not e"ceed t'e
to t'e datum plane.
*oun(ary of perfect form at ma'imum

.
material con(ition
11. Parallelism is t'e only orientation control t'at w'ere applied to a 2lat sur2ace re>uires a per2ect an/le FParallelism is a ,L an/le.G at

%+
Instructors# Guide
2.00 1.00 1.00 7.00

.XX = .01 ANGLES = 1
Fig) 6615 %+e&i3ying +arallelism 12. Supply t'e appropriate /eometric tolerance on t'e drawin/ to control t'e top sur2ace o2 t'e part in i/. (B1# parallel to t'e bottom sur2ace wit'in .,1,.

13. -'en controllin/ t'e parallelism o2 a si3e 2eatureC t'e 2eature control 2rame is associated wit' t'e
size (imension
o2 t'e 2eature bein/ controlled.
14. 52 t'e si3e 2eature is a cylinderC t'e numerical tolerance is usually preceded by a 1#. A sur2ace bein/ controlled wit' a +er+endi&ularity tolerance must lie between
t2o parallel planes
separated by t'e perpendicularity
tolerance speci2ied in t'e 2eature control 2rame. T'e tolerance 3one must also be
perpen(icular
to t'e datum plane.
1(. A Tan/ent Plane symbol Fcircle TG in t'e 2eature control 2rame speci2ies t'at t'e tolerance applies to t'e
&Instructors# Guide
precision plane contactin/ t'e
high points
o2 t'e sur2ace.
1). -'en controllin/ t'e perpendicularity o2 a si3e 2eatureC t'e 2eature control 2rame is associated wit' t'e
size (imension
1*. 52 t'e tolerance in t'e 2eature control 2rame applies to a si3e 2eature and no material condition symbol is speci2iedC
9-S *onus
applies. tolerance e"ists.
1+. 52 t'e tolerance applies at MMC t'en a possible
3.00
4.00
2.00
A .XX = .01 ANGLES = 1

Fig) 6616 %+e&i3ying +er+endi&ularity o3 a sur3a&e 2,. Supply t'e appropriate /eometric tolerance on t'e drawin/ in i/. (B1( to control t'e 3.,,Binc' &ertical sur2ace o2 t'e part in i/. (B1( perpendicular to t'e bottom sur2ace wit'in .,,#.

&,
Instructors# Guide
1.000-1.010
2.00
A
Fig) 6617 %+e&i3ying +er+endi&ularity o3 a si;e 3eature 21. Supply t'e appropriate /eometric tolerance on t'e drawin/ in i/. (B1) to control t'e I 1.,,Binc' &ertical pin perpendicular to t'e bottom sur2ace o2 t'e plate wit'in .,,# at 7 S.
Fig) 661" 'er+endi&ularity s+e&i3ied at MMC 22. 52 t'e pin in i/. (B1) were produced at a diameter o2 1.,,4 and toleranced wit' t'e 2eature control 2rame in i/. (B1*C w'at would t'e total perpendicularity tolerance be1
.%%,
23. T'e numerical tolerance 2or angularity o2 a sur2ace is speci2ied as a linear dimension because it /enerates a
uniform shape( tolerance
3one.
24. A plus or minus an/ularity tolerance is not used because it /enerates a

&$ Instructors# Guide
nonuniform4 fan
s'aped tolerance 3one.
2#. -'en controllin/ t'e an/ularity o2 a si3e 2eatureC t'e 2eature control 2rame is associated wit' t'e
size (imension
2(. 52 t'e diameter symbol precedes t'e numerical toleranceC t'e a"is is controlled wit' a
cylin(rical tolerance
2). -'en ma"imum material condition or least material condition is desirableC it mi/'t be more appropriate to speci2y an/ularity and location at t'e same time wit' t'e
3one.
position control
5xes 2 Ctr) 'lanes ? ? ?
'lane %ur3a&es .atums are re>uired Controls 2latness i2 2latness is not speci2ied Circle T modi2ier can apply Tolerance speci2ied wit' a leader or e"tension line May not e"ceed boundary o2 per2ect 2orm at MMC Tolerance associated wit' a dimension Material condition modi2iers apply A &irtual condition applies *a-le 662 /rientation +ro-lem ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
2*. 5n Table (B2C marD an ? in t'e bo" t'at indicates t'e control applies to t'e statement at t'e le2t.

&%
Instructors# Guide
'ro-lems
Pa/e 1,,
.004 1.00
2.00 1.00 4.00 A

Fig) 661# 'arallelism o3 a +lane sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 1 1. 5n i/. (B1+C speci2y t'e top sur2ace o2 t'e part parallel to t'e bottom sur2ace wit'in a tolerance o2 .,,4. .raw and dimension t'e tolerance 3one.
2.00

&&
Instructors# Guide
.010
B
3.00
4.00
2.00
A
Fig) 662$ 'er+endi&ularity o3 a +lane sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 2 2.
5n i/. (B2,C speci2y t'e 3.,,Binc' sur2ace o2 t'e part perpendicular to t'e bottom and bacD sur2aces wit'in a tolerance o2 .,1,. .raw and dimension t'e tolerance 3one.

&'
Instructors# Guide
.998-1.000
1.015
Gage
1.50
A
Fig) 6621 'er+endi&ularity o3 a +in to a +lane sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 3 3. 5n i/. (B21C speci2y t'e 1.,,Binc' pin perpendicular to t'e top sur2ace o2 t'e plate wit'in a tolerance o2 . ,1# at MMC. %n t'e drawin/C sDetc' and dimension a /a/e used to inspect t'is part.
. 0 0 3 2 0 2 . 7 5 1 . 0 0 6 . 0 0
A
Fig) 6622 5ngularity o3 a +lane sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 4 4.
. X X = . 0 1 A N G L E S= 1
5n i/. (B22C speci2y t'e top sur2ace o2 t'e part to be at an an/le o2 2,L to t'e bottom sur2ace wit'in a tolerance o2 .,,3. .raw and dimension t'e tolerance 3one.

&(
Instructors# Guide
.980-.990
1.015-1.030
MM0 eometric #olerance =irtual 0on(ition

Fig) 6623 /rientation= 'ro-lem 5 #.
.99% E.%1% 1.%%%
1.%15 .%15 1.%%%
Complete t'e 2eature control 2rames in i/. (B23 so t'at t'e two parts will always assembleC datums A $ 0 will meetC and t'e part can be produced usin/ t'e most cost e22ecti&e desi/n. T'e pin is mac'ined in a lat'e and t'e 'ole is drilled.
.#here are se3eral possi*le solutions to this pro*lem. #he 3irtual con(itions shoul( *e equal to insure assem*ly an( to pro3i(e ma'imum tolerance. #ypically4 for this metho( of manufacturing4 more tolerance is gi3en to the hole.1

&)
Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 7 'osition. 0eneral

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 11+ 1. Position is a composite tolerance t'at controls bot' t'e o2 si3e 2eatures at t'e same time. 2. T'e tolerance o2 position may be &iewed in eit'er o2 two waysH
location an( the orientation
A theoretical tolerance zone locate( at true position of the tolerance( feature 2ithin 2hich the center point4 a'is4 or center plane of the feature may 3ary from true position
.
A virtual condition boundary of the tolerance( feature4 2hen specifie( at MM0 or 5M0 an( locate( at true position4 2hich may not *e 3iolate( *y its surface or surfaces
.
3.
Since t'e position tolerance only controls si3e 2eatures suc' as pinsC 'olesC tabsC and slotsC t'e 2eature control 2rame is always associated wit' a
size (imension
4.
T'e location o2 true positionC t'e t'eoretically per2ect location o2 an a"isC is speci2ied wit'
*asic (imensions
#. %nce t'e 2eature control 2rame is assi/nedC an ima/inary
2rom t'e datums indicated.
tolerance zone
is de2ined and located about true position.

&*
Instructors# Guide
#. (.
.atum sur2aces 'a&e
(atum feature sym*ols (atum reference frame processing
identi2yin/ t'em. M .
.atums AC 0C and C identi2y aC
conse>uentlyC t'ey describe 'ow t'e part is to be 'eld 2or ).
To inspect a 'oleC t'e lar/est pin /a/e to 2it inside t'e 'ole is used to simulate t'e
actual mating en3elope

*.
T'e measurement 2rom t'e sur2ace plate to t'e top o2 t'e pin /a/e minus 'al2 o2 t'e diameter o2 t'e pin /a/e e>uals t'e distance 2rom
(atum : to the actual a'is of the hole 9-S

modi2ier
+.
52 no material condition symbol is speci2ied in t'e 2eature control 2rameC t'e automatically applies to t'e tolerance o2 t'e 2eature.
1,. -'en t'e ma"imum material condition symbol is speci2ied to modi2y t'e tolerance o2 a si3e 2eatureC t'e 2ollowin/ two re>uirements applyH T'e speci2ied tolerance applies
at the ma'imum material con(ition of the feature.
As t'e si3e o2 t'e 2eature departs 2rom ma"imum material condition toward least material conditionC
a *onus tolerance is achie3e( in the e'act amount of such (eparture.

11.
:onus tolerance
e>uals t'e di22erence between t'e actual 2eature si3e and MMC.
12. 0onus plus t'e /eometric tolerance e>uals
the total positional tolerance
.510 .550
Fig) 7613 0eometri& toleran&e 13. 52 t'e tolerance in i/. )B13 is 2or a pin I .#3,C w'at is t'e total tolerance1
&+
.%;%
Instructors# Guide
14. -'at would be t'e si3e o2 t'e 'ole in a 2unctional /a/e to inspect t'e pin abo&e1 1#. 52 t'e tolerance in i/. )B13 is 2or a 'ole I .#4,C w'at is t'e total tolerance1
.5+%
.%4% .5%%
1(. -'at would be t'e si3e o2 t'e pin on a 2unctional /a/e to inspect t'e 'ole abo&e1
.510 .560
'in Fig 7614 @ero +ositional toleran&e &on ersion
.500 .550
8ole
1). Con&ert t'e tolerance in i/. )B13 to t'e 3ero positional tolerances in i/. )B14. 1*. S'i2t tolerance is allocated to a 2eature or pattern o2 2eaturesC as a /roupC and e>uals t'e amount a datum 2eature o2 si3e departs 2rom or

.
3irtual con(ition to2ar( least material con(ition
1+. -'en a datum 2eature o2 si3e is speci2ied wit' a ma"imum material condition symbolH t'e
(atum feature of size
applies at its MMC condition or &irtual condition.
As t'e actual si3e o2 a datum 2eature departs 2rom ma"imum material condition toward least material conditionC a
shift tolerance
C o2 t'e pattern as a /roupC is allowed in t'e e"act
amount o2 suc' departure. 2,. T'e
3irtual con(ition rule
states t'atC w'ere a datum 2eature o2 si3e
is controlled by a /eometric tolerance and is speci2ied as a secondary or tertiary datumC t'e datum applies at its &irtual condition wit' respect to orientation.

'-
Instructors# Guide
'ro-lems
Pa/e 121
1.010 - 1.025
3.500
C
1.500
1.500 2.500 1.500
3.000 4X .510 -.525
Fig) 7615 Design a gage to ins+e&t 3or s4i3t toleran&e= 'ro-lem 1 1. %n a /a/e desi/ned to control t'e 4B'ole pattern in i/. )B1#C w'at si3e pin must be produced to inspect t'e center 'ole Fdatum .G1
D 1.%%%
%n t'e same /a/eC w'at is t'e diameter o2 t'e 2our pins locatin/ t'e 'ole pattern1
D .5%%

',
Instructors# Guide
2.500 .020
2.000 .020
4.059 .003
Fig) 7616 5 4ole s+e&i3ied at 1MC= 'ro-lem 2 2. Calculate t'e minimum wall t'icDness between t'e inside diameter and datum 0 in i/. )B1(.
!atum : F 5M0 7. !. F 5M0 #olerance F 5M0
D /.4,% D /.%/% D .%/% .44%
#he 2all thic?ness equals half of the (ifferences in (iameters or .//%. .0alculating (iameters an( (i3ing the final (iameter in half minimize Errors.1

'$
Instructors# Guide
.998-1.000 C
1.000-1.006
1.000
B
1.500 3.000 6.00

Fig) 7617 <oundary &onditions= 'ro-lem 3 3. irst calculate t'e &irtual conditions and resultant conditions 2or t'e pin and 'ole. T'en calculate t'e ma"imum and minimum distances 2or dimensions K and N in i/. )B1). T'e >irtual Condition o2 t'e ',(. T'e >irtual Condition o2 t'e 8/1E.
=0p G MM0 E eo. #ol. =0p G 1.%%% E .%%4 G 1.%%4 =0pH/ G .5%/
Resultant Condition o2 t'e ',(.
=0h G MM0 eo. #ol. =0h G 1.%%% .%%4 G .99+ =0hH/ G.49,
Resultant Condition o2 t'e 8/1E.
90p G 5M0 eo. #ol. :onus 90p G.99, .%%4 .%%/ G .99/ 90pH/ G .49+ IMa' G !ist. 90pH/ =0hH/ G IMa' G;.%%% .49+ .49, G IMa' G /.%%+ YMa' G!ist. F MM0 =0hH/ G YMa' G+.%1% .49, G YMa' G5.51/
90h G 5M0 E eo. #ol. E :onus 90h G1.%%+ E.%%4 E.%%+ G1.%1+ 90hH/ G.5%, IMin G !ist. =0p H/ 90h H/ G IMin G ;.%%% .5%/ .5%, IMin G1.99% YMin G !ist. F 5M0 90hH/ G YMin G 5.99% .5%, G YMin G5.4,/
Instructors# Guide '%
T'e ma"imum and minimum distances 2or dimension ?H
T'e ma"imum and minimum distances 2or dimension ?H
.998 1.004
'in
.996 1.006
8ole
Fig 761" @ero +ositional toleran&e &on ersion= 'ro-lem 4 4. Con&ert t'e tolerance in i/. )B1) to t'e 3ero positional tolerances in i/. )B1*. Oero tolerance is not used w'en t'e tolerance applies at tolerance is a&ailable as in a tolerance speci2ied 2or
9-S
C or w'en no bonus
threa(s or press fit pins.
C4a+ter " 'osition. 1o&ation

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 14) 1. T'e 2loatin/ 2astener 2ormula isH
#GA2. 3. 4. 5. T = #ol.
or
AG-E#
H=
at MM0
Aole at MM0
F=
-astener at MM0
. .
T'e LMC clearance 'ole can be calculated by T'e 2i"ed 2astener is 2i"ed by one or more o2 t'e
A F 5M0 G .- E- hea(1 H / mem*ers *eing fastene(
A 2astener 2i"ed at its 'ead in a countersunD 'ole and in a t'readed 'ole at t'e ot'er end is called w'at1
A (ou*le fi'e( fastener

'&
Instructors# Guide
6.
T'e 2ormula 2or 2i"ed 2asteners isH
t1 E t/ G A -
or
A G - E t1 E t/
7. T'e tolerance 2or bot' t'e t'readed 'ole and t'e clearance 'ole must come 2rom t'e di22erence between t'e si3e o2 t'e clearance 'ole and t'e si3e o2 t'e 8. 9.
fastener the fasstener threa(e( threa(e(
Total possible tolerance e>uals clearance :ole si3e P LMC minus 5t is common to assi/n a lar/er portion o2 t'e tolerance to t'e
'ole. 'ole.
10. As much as (,Q o2 t'e tolerance may be assi/ned to t'e
11. -'en speci2yin/ a t'readed 'ole or a 'ole 2or a press 2it pinC t'e orientation o2 t'e
hole
determines t'e orientation o2 t'e matin/ pin.
12. T'e most con&enient way to control t'e orientation o2 t'e pin outside t'e 'ole is to t'e tolerance 3one into t'e matin/ part. 13. T'e 'ei/'t o2 t'e proAected tolerance 3one is e>ual to or /reater t'an t'e t'icDest
proCect
mating
a2ter installation.
part
or tallest
stu( or pin
14. T'e dimension o2 t'e proAected tolerance 3one 'ei/'t is speci2ied as a
minimum
15. Two or more patterns o2 2eatures are considered to be one composite pattern i2 t'ey
are locate( 2ith *asic (imensions4 to the same (atums features4 in the same or(er of prece(ence4 an( at the same material con(itions
16. .atum 2eatures o2 si3e speci2ied at 7 S re>uire between t'e /a//in/ element and t'e datum 2eature.
'' Instructors# Guide
physical contact
17. 52 t'e patterns o2 2eatures 'a&e no relations'ip to eac' ot'erC a note suc' as
SE< 9E8#
to be inspected separately.
may be placed under eac' 2eature control 2rame allowin/ eac' pattern
18. Composite tolerancing allows t'e relations'ip 2rom
featureJtoJfeature
to be Dept to a ti/'t tolerance and t'e relations'ip between t'e
pattern an( its (atums

19. A composite positional 2eature control 2rame 'as one t'at applies to t'e two 'ori3ontal
to be controlled to a looser tolerance.
position
symbol t'at 2ollow.
segments
20. T'e upper se/ment o2 a composite 2eature control 2rameC called t'e
patternJlocating pattern
controlC /o&erns t'e relations'ip between t'e datums and t'e .
21. T'e lower se/ment o2 a composite 2eature control 2rame is called t'e controlM it /o&erns t'e relations'ip 2rom
featureJrelating
. .
featureJtoJfeature location
22. T'e primary 2unction o2 t'e position control is to control
23. T'ere is a re>uirement and a condition 2or t'e datums in t'e lower se/ment o2 t'e composite positional tolerancin/ 2eature control 2rame. T'eyH
are require( to repeat the (atums in the upper segment only control orientation

'(
Instructors# Guide
F or >uestion numbers 24 and 2#C assume plane sur2ace datums.G 24. -'en t'e secondary datum is included in t'e lower se/ment o2 a composite 2eature control 2rameC t'e tolerance 3one 2rameworD must remain
<arallel
to t'e secondary datum plane.
25. T'e lower se/ment o2 a two sin/le se/ment 2eature control 2rame only re2ines t'e 2eatureBtoB2eature relations'ip
perpen(icular
to t'e primary datum plane and to t'e secondary datum plane.
locate(
26. Counterbores t'at 'a&e t'e same location tolerance as t'eir respecti&e 'oles are speci2ied by indicatin/ t'e
hole callout an( the counter*ore callout follo2e( *y the geometric

.
tolerance for *oth

27. Counterbores t'at 'a&e a lar/er location tolerance t'an t'eir respecti&e 'oles are speci2ied by
separating the hole callout from the counter*ore callout

28. When tolerancing elon/ated 'olesC no
.
precedes
(iameter sym*ol cylin(er
t'e tolerance in t'e 2eature control 2rame since t'e tolerance 3one is not a T'e note
:6KB!A9Y
is placed beneat' eac' 2eature control 2rame.
29. T'e &irtual condition boundary is t'e t'e elon/ated 'ole and e>ual in si3e to its 30. A
e'act shape 3irtual con(ition
o2 .
size feature
may be located symmetrically to a datum 2eature o2 si3e
and toleranced wit' a
position control
')
associated wit' t'e si3e dimension

Instructors# Guide

'*
Instructors# Guide
Problems
Page 149
2X
1.000
1.000
3.000
Fig. 8-25 Floating fastener drawing: Problems 1 through 4 1. Specify the MMC and LMC clearance hole sizes for #10 (.190) socket head cap screws.
(Many other solutions are possible, but they must satisfy the floating fastener formula.) 2X .220-.246 nFG.-%-mF8FHF5F
2. eac' callout. Actual Si3e MMC 0onus Geo. Tolerance Total Tolerance
2X .200-.246 2X .190-.246 nFG.-,-mF8FHF5F nFG.---mF8FHF5F
52 t'e actual si3e o2 t'e clearance 'oles in problem 1 is I.23,C calculate t'e total positional tolerance 2or
.23, .//% .%1% E .%;% .%4%
.23, ./%% .%;% E .%1% .%4%
.23, .19% .%4% E .%%% .%4%

Instructors# Guide

'+
3.
Specify the MMC and LMC clearance hole sizes for 3/8 (.375) hex head bolts.
2X .400-.460 nFG.-$'mF8FHF5F
4. eac' callout. Actual Si3e MMC 0onus Geo. Tolerance Total Tolerance
2X .390-.460 2X .375-.460 nFG.-,'mF8FHF5F nFG.---mF8FHF5F
52 t'e clearance 'oles in problem 3 actually measure I.44,C calculate t'e total positional tolerance 2or
.44, .4%% .%4% E .%/5 .%+5

2X
.44, .;9% .%5% E .%15 .%+5
.44, .;&5 .%+5 E .%%% .%+5
1.000
1.000
3.000
Fig. 8-26 Fixed fastener drawing: Problems 5 through 8
#. Specify the MMC and LMC clearance hole sizes for #8 (.164) socket head cap screws.
2X .164 (#8)-32 UNF-2B 2X .164 (#8)-32 UNF-2B 2X .164 (#8)-32 UNF-2B
nFG.-$'mF8FHF5F .199 ./1; nFG.-,-mF8FHF5F
nFG.-$'mF8FHF5F nFG.-$'mF8FHF5F .194 ./1; .1,9 ./1; nFG.--'mF8FHF5F nFG.---mF8FHF5F

(-
Instructors# Guide
(.
52 t'e clearance 'oles in problem # actually measure I.2,#C calculate t'e total positional tolerance 2or eac' callout.
Actual Si3e MMC 0onus Geo. Tolerance Total Tolerance
.2,# J .1++ .%%+

R .%1%
.2,# J .1+4 .%11 E .%%5 .%1+
.2,# J .1*+ .%1+ E .%%% .%1+
.%1+
). Specify the MMC and LMC clearance hole sizes for the 1/2 hex head bolts.
2X .500-20 UNF-2B 2X .500-20 UNF-2B 2X .500-20 UNF-2B
nFG.-(-mF8FHF5F /I D .5,% .+1/ nFG.-$-mF8FHF5F

*. eac' callout. Actual Si3e MMC 0onus Geo. Tolerance Total Tolerance
nFG.-(-mF8FHF5F nFG.-(-mF8FHF5F /I D .5&% .+1/ /I D .5+% .+1/ nFG.-,-mF8FHF5F nFG.---mF8FHF5F
52 t'e clearance 'oles in problem # actually measure I.#*#C calculate t'e total positional tolerance 2or
.#*# .5,% .%%5 E .%/% .%/5
.#*# .5&% .%15 E .%1% .%/5
.#*# .5+% .%/5 E .%%% .%/5

(,
Instructors# Guide
nFG.-&-mpF8FHF5F
C
2X .500-20 UNF-2B
2.00 1.000
B
6.00
1.51 MIN
Mating Part
1.50
.50
1.000
4.000
.XX = .01 .XXX = .005 ANGLES = 1
Fig. 8-27 Projected tolerance zone: Problem 9 9. Complete the drawing in Fig. 8-27. Specify a .040 tolerance at MMC with the appropriate projected tolerance.

($
Instructors# Guide
2X .500-20 UNF-2B
nFG.-'-mp$.,%F8FHF5F C
2.00 1.000
B
6.00
Two Studs
2.12
Mating Part
1.50
1.25
1.000
4.000
.XX = .01 .XXX = .005 ANGLES = 1
Fig. 8-28 Projected tolerance zone: Problem 10 10. Complete the drawing in Fig. 8-28. Specify a .050 tolerance at MMC with the appropriate projected tolerance.

(%
Instructors# Guide
2X .500-.580
2X 1.010-1.045
2.500
.50
Fig) "62# Multi+le +atterns o3 3eatures= 'ro-lems 11 t4roug4 13 11. Position t'e small 'oles wit' I .,,, tolerance at MMC and t'e lar/e 'oles wit' I .,1, tolerance at MMCM locate t'em to t'e same datums and in t'e same order o2 precedence. 4se ma"imum material condition w'ere&er possible. 12. Must t'e 'ole patterns be inspected in t'e same setup or in t'e same /a/e J e"plain1
Yes4 they must *e inspecte( at the same time. #he large hole an( small hole patterns are tie( together *y their (atums.
13. Can t'e re>uirement be c'an/edC 'ow1
Yes4 place a note4 SE<# 9E8#4 un(er each feature control frame.
(& Instructors# Guide
4X .250-.335
.50
3.00 C
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
A B
.XX = .01 .XXX = .005 ANGLES = 1
4.00
Fig) "63$ Com+osite toleran&ing= 'ro-lems 14 and 15 14. T'e pattern o2 clearance 'oles in t'e part in i/. *B3, must be located wit'in a cylindrical tolerance 3one o2 I .,(, at MMC to t'e datums speci2ied. T'e plate is desi/ned to be assembled to t'e matin/ part wit' 164Binc' bolts as 2loatin/ 2asteners. Complete t'e drawin/. 1#. 5t 'as been determined t'at t'e 'ole pattern in i/. *B3, is re>uired to remain parallelC wit'in t'e smaller toleranceC to datum 0. .raw t'e 2eature control 2rame t'at will satis2y t'is re>uirement.

('
Instructors# Guide
4X .260-.290 ; .422 .010 =.395 .010
4.00
2.000
1.000
1.000
2.000 5.00
B A
1.00
Unless Otherwise Specified: .XX = .01 .XXX = .005 ANGLES = 1
Fig) "631 Counter-ore= 'ro-lems 16 and 17 1(. Tolerance t'e 'oles and counterbores in i/. *B31 2or 2our I .2#, socDet 'ead cap screws. T'e counterbores are I .422 E .,1,C t'e dept' is .3+# E .,1,C and t'e /eometric tolerance is .,1, at MMC.
.5imit tolerances may also *e use(.1

1). 52 t'e /eometric tolerance 2or Aust t'e counterbores in i/. *B31 can be loosened to .,2, at MMC instead o2 .,1,C draw t'e entire callout below.
4X .260-.290 4X; .422 .010 =.395 .010

((
Instructors# Guide
3X .50
.50
3X 1.00
3.00 2.000
C
1.000 1.000 1.000
A B
.500 6X R
4.00
Unless Otherwise .XX = .XXX = ANGLES =
Specified: .01 .005 1
Fig) "632 Elongated 4ole= 'ro-lem 1" 1*. Speci2y a /eometric tolerance o2 .,4, at MMC in t'e 'al2Binc' direction and .,(, at MMC in t'e oneB inc' direction 2or t'e elon/ated 'oles in i/. *B32.
4.000-4.002 1.990-2.000
Unless Otherwise Specified: .XXX = .005 ANGLES = 1

()
Instructors# Guide
Fig) "633 %ymmetry= 'ro-lems 1# and 2$ 1+. Control t'e 2.,,,Binc' 2eature in i/. *B33 symmetrical wit' t'e 4.,,,Binc' 2eature wit'in a tolerance o2 .,2, at MMC to t'e datum indicated. 4se MMC w'ere&er possible. 2,. 52 t'e controlled 2eature in i/. *B33 'appened to be produced at 1.++# and t'e datum 2eature produced at 4.,,,C w'at would t'e total positional tolerance be1
.%/&
C4a+ter # 'osition. Coaxiality

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 1(3 1. 2. Coa"iality is t'at condition w'ere t'e a"es o2 two or more sur2aces o2 re&olution are T'ere is a misconception t'at centerlines or t'e tolerance blocD control t'e between two cylinders. 3. T'e
coinci(ent .
coa'iality
position
control is t'e appropriate tolerance 2or coa"ial sur2aces o2 re&olution
t'at are cylindrical and re>uire a ma"imum or least material condition. 4. A
cylin(rical
tolerance 3one is used to control t'e a"is o2 a 2eature
toleranced wit' a position or a concentricity control. #. or positionC bot' t'e tolerance and t'e datumFsG may apply at w'at material conditions1
MM04 5M04 an( 9-S

(. -'en a coa"iality tolerance and a datum 2eature o2 si3e are speci2ied at ma"imum material conditionC
*onus an( shift
tolerances are a&ailable in t'e e"act amount o2 t'e departures 2rom
ma"imum material condition toward least material condition.

(* Instructors# Guide
).
T'e upper se/ment o2 a composite 2eature control 2rame controls t'e location o2 t'e 'ole pattern to t'e
location (atums
*. T'e lower se/ment o2 a composite 2eature control 2rame controls t'e coa"iality o2 'oles to
one another 2ithin the tighter tolerance

+. T'e smaller tolerance 3one o2 a composite 2eature control 2rame wit' no datums may 2loat
up an( (o2n4 *ac? an( forth4 an( at any angle to the (atums 2ithin the larger tolerance zone
1,. A matin/ plu/ and socDet will assemble e&ery time i2 t'ey are desi/ned to t'eir 3irtual .
con(itions.
'ro-lems
Pa/e 1(4
1.000
2.00
Fig) #67 %+e&i3y &oaxiality= 'ro-lems 1 t4roug4 3 1. -'at controls t'e coa"iality o2 t'e two cylinders on t'e drawin/ in i/. +B)1
#he 2ay the (ra2ing in -ig. 9J& is sho2n4 nothing controls coa'iality.
(+ Instructors# Guide
2.
%n t'e drawin/ in i/. +B)C speci2y a coa"iality tolerance to control t'e I 1.,,,Binc' 2eature wit'in a cylindrical tolerance 3one o2 .,,4 to t'e I 2.,,Binc' 2eature. 4se MMC w'ere&er possible.
3.
=ow t'at you 'a&e added t'e 2eature control 2rame to t'e drawin/ in i/. +B)C i2 t'e lar/er diameter is produced at 2.,, inc'es and t'e smaller diameter is produced at 1.,,, inc'C 'ow muc' total coa"iality tolerance applies1
D .%19
2X .500-.520
.750
B
1.000
36.00
Fig) #6" %+e&i3y &oaxiality= 'ro-lem 4 4. Locate t'e two 'oles in t'e 'in/e bracDets wit'in .,3, at MMC to t'e datums indicated and speci2y coa"iality to eac' ot'er. T'ey must be able to accept a I .#,, 'in/e pin. Speci2y MMC w'ere&er possible.
)Instructors# Guide
.745-.750
.751-.755
1.000 .996
1.004 1.000
.000 @ MMC
.001 @ MMC
Fig) #6# %+e&i3y &oaxiality 3or t4e +lug and so&ket= 'ro-lem 5 #. Control t'e coa"iality o2 bot' parts so t'at t'ey will always assemble.
<lug MM0 eo. #ol. =irtual 0on(ition

(.
Soc?et .&51 .%%1 G .&5%
.&5% E .%%% .&5%
.raw and dimension t'e tolerance 3ones at MMC on t'e drawin/.

),
Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 1$ Con&entri&ity and %ymmetry

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 1)3 1. 0ot' concentricity and symmetry controls are reser&ed 2or a 2ew
unique tolerancing applications

2. Concentricity and symmetry bot' employ t'e same tolerancin/ di22erent 3.
concept
M t'ey Aust apply to .
geometries
Concentricity is t'at condition w'ere t'e median points o2 all diametrically opposed points o2 a sur2ace o2 re&olution are con/ruent wit'
the a'is .or center point1 of a (atum feature

4. Concentricity is a
location
control. 5t 'as a
cylin(rical shape(
. basis. t'at also only applies .
tolerance 3one t'at is coa"ial wit' #. Concentricity tolerance only applies on a 5t must 'a&e at least
the (atum a'is 9-S
one (atum
at regar(less of feature size

(. or concentricityC t'e a//re/ate o2 all must lie wit'in a
cylin(rical the (atum feature
tolerance 3one .
w'ose a"is is coincident wit' t'e a"is o2

)$
Instructors# Guide
).
Concentricity can be inspectedC 2or acceptance onlyC by placin/ a toleranced sur2ace o2 re&olution and rotatin/ t'e part about t'e
(ial in(icator (atum a'is
on t'e .
*.
To reAect parts and to inspect 2eatures suc' as re/ular poly/ons and ellipsesC t'e traditional met'od o2
(ifferential measurements *alance
is employed.
+.
T'e concentricity tolerance is o2ten used to accurately control 2or 'i/' speed rotatin/ parts.
1,. Concentricity is time consumin/ and e"pensi&eC to but less e"pensi&e to
inspect
C t'an t'e runout tolerance.
manufacture me(ian points
11. Symmetry is t'at condition w'ere t'e
o2 all opposed
or correspondin/ly located points o2 two or more 2eature sur2aces are wit' t'e 12. Symmetry is a
congruent
o2 a datum 2eature. control.
a'is or center plane location planes
13. Symmetry 'as a tolerance 3one t'at consists o2 two parallel e&enly disposed about t'e center 14. Symmetry tolerance only applies at 1#. Symmetry must 'a&e at least one 1(. T'e a//re/ate o2 all
plane or a'is 9-S (atum

t'at also only applies at
o2 t'e datum 2eature. .
9-S
me(ian points t2o parallel planes (atum feature

)%
must lie wit'in a tolerance 3one de2ined by e>ually disposed about t'e center plane o2 t'e
.
Instructors# Guide
1). T'e symmetry tolerance is independent o2 bot' 1*. .i22erential measurement e"cludes
size an( form
size4 shape4 an( form
w'ile controllin/ t'e median points o2 t'e 2eature. 1+. T'e symmetry tolerance is o2ten used to accurately control 2or rotatin/ parts or to insure e>ual
*alance
. to
2all thic?ness time consuming an( e'pensi3e
2,. Speci2y symmetry only w'en it is necessary because it is manu2acture and inspect.
'ro-lems
Pa/e 1)#
7.990-8.000
3.995-4.000
Fig) 1$67 Coaxiality o3 a &ylinder= 'ro-lem 1 1. T'e mass o2 t'is 'i/' speed rotatin/ part abo&e must be accurately balanced. T'e 2orm o2 t'e sur2ace is su22iciently controlled by t'e si3e tolerance. Speci2y a coa"iality control 2or t'e a"is o2 t'e 4.,,,B inc' diameter wit'in a tolerance o2 .,,1 at 7 S to datum A at 7 S.

)&
Instructors# Guide
Fig) 1$6" Coaxiality o3 an elli+se= 'ro-lem 2 2. T'e mass o2 t'e ellipse s'own abo&e must be accurately balanced. Speci2y a coa"iality control t'at will locate t'e median points o2 t'e ellipse wit'in a tolerance o2 .,,4 at 7 S to datum A at 7 S.

)'
Instructors# Guide
3X 24.990-25.000
Fig) 1$6# Coaxiality o3 t4e 4exagon= 'ro-lem 3 3. T'e mass o2 t'e 'e"a/on s'own abo&e must be accurately balanced. Speci2y a coa"iality control 2or t'e median points o2 t'e 'e"a/on wit'in a tolerance o2 .,,# at 7 S to datum A at 7 S.
4.000
2.000-2.004
Fig) 1$61$ %ymmetry o3 t4e slot= 'ro-lem 4 4. T'e part abo&e rotates at a 'i/' speed and t'e mass must be accurately balanced. Speci2y a /eometric tolerance t'at will centrally locate t'e slot in t'is part wit'in a tolerance o2 .,,# at 7 S to datum A at 7 S.
)( Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 11 Runout
C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 1*4 1. Circular runout applies to e&ery
circular element
on
t'e sur2ace o2 a part eit'er constructed around a datum a"is or perpendicular to a datum a"is as t'e part is rotated 2.
;+%)
about its datum a"is.
-'ere circular runout is applied to sur2aces constructed around a datum a"isC it controls a combination o2 &ariations in
circularity an( coa'iality
3.
-'ere circular runout is applied to sur2aces at a +,L an/le to a datum a"isC it controls &ariations in
perpen(icularity
4.
o2 circular elements to its datum a"is.
Total runout is a compound control t'at applies to all elements in t'e sur2ace o2 a part eit'er
aroun( its (atum a'is

as t'e part is rotated #.
or
perpen(icular to its (atum a'is
;+%)
about its datum a"is.
Total runout tolerance applies simultaneously to all and
circular
measurin/ position.
profile
(.
Total runout applied to sur2aces constructed around a datum a"is controls a combination o2
coa'iality4 circularity4 straightness4 angularity4 taper4 an( profile

&ariations o2 t'e sur2ace. ). Total runout applied to sur2aces at a +,L an/le to a datum a"is controls t'e combination o2 &ariations o2
Instructors# Guide ))
perpen(icularity to the (atum a'is an( flatness

*. T'e runout 2eature control 2rame consists o2
a runout sym*ol4 the numerical tolerance4 an( at least one (atum

+. 5n many casesC two 2unctional
(atum (iameters
are used to support a rotatin/ part.
1,. -'ere 2ace and diameter datum sur2aces are speci2iedC t'e sur2ace bein/ controlled must 2irst be perpendicular to t'e
face
datum.
11. .esi/n re>uirements may maDe it necessary to restrict datum sur2ace &ariations wit' respect to Fot'er /eometric controlsG straightness4
flatness4 circularity4 cylin(ricity4 an( parallelism .
12. 5t may be necessary to include a runout control 2or indi&idual datum 2eatures on a
multiple (atum feature reference
13. 52 two or more sur2aces are controlled wit' a runout tolerance to a common datum re2erenceC t'e worstB case runout between two sur2aces is t'e
sum of the t2o in(i3i(ual runout tolerances. tolerance(

.
14. 52 two 2eatures 'a&e a speci2ic relations'ip between t'emC one s'ould be
(irectly to the other an( not through a common (atum a'is

1#. Multiple leaders directed 2rom a runout 2eature control 2rame may be speci2ied wit'out
affecting the runout tolerance

)*
Instructors# Guide
'ro-lems
Pa/e 1*#
4.000-4.005
2X .998-1.000
Fig) 116" Runout &ontrol= 'ro-lem 1 1. %n t'e part in i/. 11B*C control t'e 2ourBinc' diameter wit' a total runout tolerance o2 .,,2 to bot' 1B inc' diameters.
1.995-2.000
1.000 2X .998-1.000
Fig) 116# 'artial runout= 'ro-lem 2 2. %n t'e drawin/ in i/. 11B+C speci2y a circular runout tolerance o2 .,,2 controllin/ t'e twoBinc' diameter to bot' o2 t'e 1Binc' diameters. T'is control is a partial runout tolerance one inc' lon/C startin/ 2rom t'e le2t end o2 t'e twoBinc' diameter. Speci2y a circular runout o2 .,,1 2or eac' o2 t'e 1B inc' diameters.
)+ Instructors# Guide
1.995-2.000
2X .998-1.000
Fig) 1161$ Datums toleran&ed !it4 a &ylindri&ity toleran&e= 'ro-lem 3 3. Tolerance t'e twoBinc' diameter wit' a total runout tolerance o2 .,,1 to bot' o2 t'e oneBinc' diameter s'a2ts. Tolerance eac' oneBinc' diameter s'a2t wit' a cylindricity tolerance o2 .,,,#.
Fig) 11611 Multi+le 3eatures toleran&e !it4 one 3eature &ontrol 3rame= 'ro-lem 4 4. 5n i/. 11B11C w'ic' datumC A or 0C taDes precedence1
!atum A is no more important than (atum :4 an( (atum : is no more important than (atum A.
#. -'at is t'e worst possible runout tolerance between t'e two lar/est diameters in i/. 11B111
.%;%
*Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 12 'ro3ile
C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 2,, 1. Pro2ile o2 a line is t'e
outline
o2 an obAect in a plane as t'e plane passes t'rou/' t'e obAect. 2. Pro2ile o2 a sur2ace is t'e result o2
proCecting the profile of an o*Cect on a plane.
or taDin/ cross sections t'rou/' t'e obAect at &arious inter&als. 3. T'e true pro2ile may be dimensioned wit' w'at Dind o2 dimensions1
Lith *asic size (imensions4 *asic coor(inate (imensions4 *asic ra(ii4 *asic angular (imensions4 formulas4 or un(imensione( (ra2ings
4. #. T'e 2eature control 2rame is always directed to t'e pro2ile sur2ace wit' a
lea(er
-'at symbols do not apply in t'e tolerance section o2 pro2ile 2eature control 2rames1
0ylin(rical tolerance zones an( material con(itions

(. -'en t'e leader 2rom a pro2ile tolerance points directly to t'e pro2ileC t'e tolerance speci2ied in t'e 2eature control 2rame is ).
equally (ispose( a*out the true profile
52 t'e leader 2rom a pro2ile tolerance points directly to a se/ment o2 a p'antom line e"tendin/C outside or insideC parallel to t'e pro2ileC t'en
all the tolerance is outsi(e or insi(e the true

.
profile

*,
Instructors# Guide
*.
-'ere a pro2ile tolerance applies all around t'e pro2ile o2 a partC t'e
Mall aroun(N sym*ol

+. .raw t'e ?all around@ symbol.
is speci2ied.
1,. 52 t'e pro2ile is to e"tend between two pointsC t'e points are and a note usin/ t'e
la*ele(
*et2een sym*ol
is placed beneat' t'e 2eature control 2rame.
11. .raw t'e between symbol. 12. 52 a part is to be controlled wit' a pro2ile tolerance o&er t'e entire sur2ace o2 t'e partC t'e note
MA55 6=E9N
13. Pro2ile tolerances
is placed
*eneath the feature control frame
may or may not
'a&e datums.
14. T'e pro2ile o2 a sur2ace control usually re>uires a datumFsG to properly
orient an( locate the surface

1#. .atums are /enerally only
. 2or pro2ile o2 a line w'en is bein/ controlled.
not use(
the cross section
1(. 52 t'e desi/n re>uires a smaller radius t'an t'e radius allowed by t'e pro2ile toleranceC a note suc' asC
M9.%15 MAIN or4 MA55 069BE9S 9.%15 MAI4N

is directed to t'e radius wit' a
lea(er geometric tolerances
1). T'e pro2ile tolerance may be combined wit' ot'er to
refine
certain aspects o2 a sur2ace.

*$
Instructors# Guide
1*. Coplanarity is t'e condition sur2aces 'a&in/ all
of t2o or more elements in one plane

.
1+. Coplanarity is toleranced wit' t'e pro2ile o2 a sur2ace 2eature control 2rameC connected wit' a lea(er C to a
phantom line
connectin/ t'e sur2aces.
2,. -'ere speci2yin/ coplanarityC a note indicatin/ is placed beneat' t'e
the num*er of coplanar surfaces

.
feature control frame
21. -'ere coplanar sur2aces are used as a datumC it is best to attac' t'e datum 2eature symbol to
the profile feature control frame inclu(e a note specifying the num*er of coplanar surfaces
22. Conicity may be controlled wit' a
and . . .
profile tolerance composite positional tolerancing
23. Composite pro2ile tolerancin/ is &ery similar to
24. T'e upper se/ment o2 a composite pro2ile 2eature control 2rame is called t'e
profile locating control location relationship *et2een the (atums an( the profile
2#. T'e lower se/mentC re2erred to as t'e
and it /o&erns t'e . C
profile refinement control
is a smaller tolerance t'an t'e pro2ile locatin/ control and /o&erns
the size4 form4 an( orientation relationship

2(. T'e 2eature pro2ile must 2all inside
o2 t'e pro2ile. .
*oth profile tolerance zones

*%
Instructors# Guide
2).
or composite pro2ile tolerancin/C t'ere is a re>uirement and a conditionH
Any (atums in the lo2er segment of the feature control frame are required to repeat the (atums in the upper segment. #he condition of (atums in the lo2er segment of the feature control frame is that they only control orientation
.
2*. A second datum may be repeated in t'e lower se/ment o2 t'e composite 2eature control 2rame t'at also controls
orientation
2+. T'e lower se/ment o2 a two sin/leBse/ment 2eature control 2rame acts Aust liDe
any other profile control
3,. T'e upper se/ment o2 a two sin/leBse/ment 2eature control 2rame allows t'e smaller tolerance 3one to
translate
relati&e to t'e datum not repeated in t'e lower se/ment wit'in t'e lar/er tolerance.

*&
Instructors# Guide
'ro-lems
Pa/e 2,2
2.000 A
1.800
1.015.015 3X R .750
Fig) 12615 'ro3ile o3 a sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 1 1. Specify a profile of a surface tolerance of .020, perpendicular to datum A, and all around the part in Fig. 12-15.
R 2.000 C X R 1.000 X) Y A
60 Y 2.000
3.00
Fig) 12616 'ro3ile o3 a sur3a&e -et!een t!o +oints= 'ro-lem 2 2. For the curved surface and the angle in Fig. 12-16, specify a profile of a surface tolerance of .030, located to datums A, B, and C, between points X and Y.
*' Instructors# Guide
3X R1.000
R 3.500
10.000 5.000
2.500 2.000
2.500
6.000 11.000
Fig) 12617 1o&ating a +ro3ile o3 a sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 3 3. Control t'e entire sur2ace o2 t'e center ca&ity to t'e datums indicated wit'in a tolerance o2 .,1# outside t'e true pro2ile. F%utside t'e pro2ile is e"ternal to t'e true pro2ile line. 5nside t'e pro2ile is wit'in t'e pro2ile loop.G

*(
Instructors# Guide
3X R1.000
R 3.500
10.000 5.000
2.500
2.500
6.000 11.000
2.000
Fig) 1261" 1o&ating a mating +ro3ile o3 a sur3a&e= 'ro-lem 4 4. Control t'e entire sur2ace o2 t'e punc' to t'e datums indicated wit'in a tolerance o2 .,1# inside t'e true pro2ile. F%utside t'e pro2ile is e"ternal to t'e true pro2ile line. 5nside t'e pro2ile is wit'in t'e pro2ile loop.G

*)
Instructors# Guide
4X .375-.415
2.000
1.000 3.000 2.000
A
Fig) 1261# Co+lanarity= 'ro-lem 5 #.
TWO SURFACES
T'e primary datum is t'e two lower coplanar sur2aces. Speci2y t'e primary datum to be coplanar wit'in .,,4.

**
Instructors# Guide
3X.500-.540 R 1.00 B 2X .625-665
2X R 9.00 3.000
7.000
1.000 4.000 2X R1.50 8.000 R 16.00
A
Fig) 1262$ 'ro3ile &ontrolled to si;e 3eature datums= 'ro-lem 6 (.
.CC D E .-% .CCC D E .-,8ng e D E ,I
Speci2y controls locatin/ t'e 'oleBpatterns to eac' ot'er and perpendicular to t'e bacD o2 t'e part. Speci2y a control locatin/ t'e pro2ile to t'e 'oleBpatterns and perpendicular to t'e bacD o2 t'e part wit'in a tolerance o2 .,(,. T'e 'oles are 2or 162Binc' and #6*Binc' bolts.

*+
Instructors# Guide
4X R .300
A C
2.00 2.000
1.000
1.000
5.000
1.00
Fig) 12621 Com+osite +ro3ile= 'ro-lems 7 t4roug4 # ). Speci2y a pro2ile tolerance 2or t'e center cutout t'at will control t'e si3e and orientation to datum A wit'in .,1, and locate it to t'e datums indicated wit'in .,(,. Complete t'e drawin/. Complete t'e drawin/ in i/. 12B21 *. .raw a pro2ile tolerance below t'at will satis2y t'e re>uirements 2or problem ) and orient t'e cutout parallel to datum 0 wit'in .,1,.
+.
.raw a pro2ile tolerance below t'at will satis2y t'e re>uirements 2or problem ) and lo&ate t'e cutout to datum 0 wit'in .,1,.

+-
Instructors# Guide
.500-.540
.190-.220
4.00
C
3.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 3.500 5.000 6.000 7.00

X) Z TOP SURFACE Z B
6X .250-.300
2.000
X
A TWO BOTTOM SURFACES
Fig) 12622 'ro3ile o3 a s4eet metal +art= 'ro-lem 1$ 1,. Speci2y t'e bottom o2 t'e lower sur2ace o2 t'e s'eet metal part in i/. 12B22 coplanar wit'in .,2,. Tolerance 'oles wit' /eometric tolerancin/. T'e smallest tolerance 2or eac' 'ole is t'e &irtual condition 2or t'e matin/ part. Speci2y t'e pro2ile o2 t'e top sur2ace o2 t'e part wit'in .,4,.

+,
Instructors# Guide
C4a+ter 13 0ra+4i& 5nalysis

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 21* 1. List t'e ad&anta/es o2 /rap'ic analysis.
<ro3i(es functional acceptance 9e(uces cost an( time Eliminates gage tolerance or 2ear allo2ance Allo2s function 3erification of MM04 9-S4 an( 5M0 Allo2s 3erification of any shape tolerance zone <ro3i(es a 3isual recor( for the material re3ie2 *oar( Minimizes storage require(
2. List t'e 2actors t'at a22ect t'e accuracy o2 /rap'ic analysis.
#he accuracy of the graphs an( o3erlay gage #he accuracy of the inspection (ata #he completeness of the inspection process #he (ra2ingOs a*ility to pro3i(e common (ra2ing interpretations

+$
Instructors# Guide
7e2er to t'e 2eature control 2rame abo&e 2or >uestions 3 t'rou/' ). 3. A piece o2 /rap' paper wit' datumsC true positionsC tolerance 3onesC and actual 2eature locations drawn on it is called a 4.
(ata graph
A piece o2 tracin/ paper wit' datumsC true positionsC tolerance 3onesC and actual 2eature locations traced or drawn is called a
tolerance zone o3erlay gage
#.
T'e upper se/ment o2 t'e composite 2eature control 2rameC t'e drawin/C and t'e inspection data dictates t'e con2i/uration o2 t'e
(ata graph
(.
T'e lower se/ment o2 t'e 2eature control 2rameC t'e drawin/C and t'e inspection data dictate t'e con2i/uration o2 t'e
tolerance zone o3erlay gage tolerance zones
).
52 t'e tracin/ paper can be adAusted to include all 2eature a"es wit'in t'e on t'e tracin/ paperC t'e 2eatureJtoJ2eature relations'ips are in tolerance.
7e2er to t'e 2eature control 2rame abo&e 2or >uestions * t'rou/' 11. *. To inspect a datum 2eature o2 si3eC t'e 2eature control 2rameC t'e drawin/C and t'e inspection data dictate t'e con2i/uration o2 t'e +.
(ata graph
.raw t'e actual location o2 eac' 2eature on t'e data /rap'. 52 eac' 2eature a"is 2alls inside its respecti&e tolerance 3oneC t'e part is
in tolerance
1,. 52 any o2 t'e 2eature a"es 2all outside its respecti&e tolerance 3oneC
+%
the part still may *e

Instructors# Guide
accepta*le if there is enough shift tolerance to shift all a'es into their respecti3e tolerance zones
.
11. 52 t'e tracin/ paper can be adAusted to include all 2eature a"es wit'in t'e tolerance 3ones on t'e data /rap' and t'e datum a"is contained wit'in its tolerance 3one w'ile Deepin/ t'e pattern parallel to datum 0C t'e pattern o2 2eatures is
in tolerance
'ro-lems
Pa/e 22,
4X .190-.205
4.000
2.000
1.000
1
1.000 2.000 5.000 C
4
1.000 A
Fig) 13612 5 +attern o3 3eatures &ontrolled !it4 a &om+osite toleran&e= 'ro-lem 1 Feature Feature Feature Feature De+arture
+&
Datum6to6
Feature6to6
Instructors# Guide
(um-er
1o&ation 3rom Datum C ?65xis 1.,,2 1.,,# 3.,,# 3.,,3
1o&ation 3rom Datum < A65xis 1.,,3 3.,,( 3.,,2 .++*
%i;e
3rom MMC 9<onus:
'attern *oleran&e @one %i;e
Feature *oleran&e @one %i;e
1 2 3 4
I .2,, I .1+* I .1+* I .1+(
.%1% .%%, .%%, .%%+
D .%/% D .%1, D .%1, D .%1+
D .%1% D .%%, D .%%, D .%%+
*a-le 1363 ,ns+e&tion data 3or gra+4i& analysis o3 +ro-lem 1 1. A part was made 2rom t'e drawin/ in i/. 13B12M t'e inspection data was tabulated in Table 13B3. Per2orm a /rap'ic analysis o2 t'e part. 5s t'e pattern wit'in tolerance1
Yes

+'
Instructors# Guide
4X .166-.180
4.000
2.000
1.000
1
1.000 2.000 5.000 C
4
1.000 A
Fig) 13613 5 +attern o3 3eatures &ontrolled !it4 a &om+osite toleran&e= 'ro-lem 2 Feature (um-er Feature 1o&ation 3rom Datum C ?65xis 1.,,4 .++# 3.,,, 3.,,( Feature 1o&ation 3rom Datum < A65xis .++* 3.,,4 3.,,( 1.,,2 Feature %i;e De+arture 3rom MMC 9<onus: Datum6to6 'attern *oleran&e @one %i;e Feature6to6 Feature *oleran&e @one %i;e
1 2 3 4
I .1)4 I .1)4 I .1)2 I .1)(
.%%, .%%, .%%+ .%1%
D .%1, D .%1, D .%1+ D .%/%
D .%1% D .%1%. D .%%, D .%1/

Instructors# Guide
*a-le 1364 ,ns+e&tion data 3or gra+4i& analysis o3 +ro-lem 2

+(
2.
A part was made 2rom t'e drawin/ in i/. 13B13M t'e inspection data was tabulated in Table 13B4. Per2orm a /rap'ic analysis o2 t'e part. 5s t'e pattern wit'in tolerance1
Bo
.#he pattern must remain parallel to (atum : *ecause (atum : has *een repeate( in the lo2er segment of the feature control frame.1
52 it is not in toleranceC can it be reworDedC i2 soC 'ow1
#he pattern 2ill *e in tolerance
if hole num*ers / an( ; are enlarge( *y a*out .%%4.
4X .270-.285
.505-.530
D
2 3
3.000
3.000
1
4.000 4.000
Fig) 13614 5 +attern o3 3eatures &ontrolled to a si;e 3eature= 'ro-lem 3

+)
Instructors# Guide
Feature (um-er
Feature 1o&ation 3rom Datum D ?65xis B1.++2 B1.++3 2.,1, 2.,1,
Feature 1o&ation From Datum D A65xis B1.4+3 1.#,+ 1.#,4 B1.4+,
5&tual Feature %i;e I .2)* I .2*, I .2*, I .2*2 I .#2,
De+arture 3rom MMC 9<onus:
*otal 0eometri& *oleran&e
1 2 3 4 .atum
.%%, .%1% .%1% .%1/

S'i2t Tolerance S D
D .%%, D .%1% D .%1% D .%1/ .%/%
*a-le 1365 ,ns+e&tion data 3or gra+4i& analysis o3 +ro-lem 3 3. A part was made 2rom t'e drawin/ in i/. 13B14M t'e inspection data was tabulated in Table 13B#. Per2orm a /rap'ic analysis o2 t'e part. 5s t'e pattern wit'in tolerance1
Yes

+*
Instructors# Guide
4X .214-.225
.375-.390
D
2 3
3.000
3.000
1
4.000 4.000
Fig) 13615 5 +attern o3 3eatures &ontrolled to a si;e 3eature= 'ro-lem 4 Feature (um-er Feature 1o&ation 3rom Datum D ?65xis B1.++# B1.++( 2.,,# 1.++) Feature 1o&ation From Datum D A65xis B1.4+# 1.#,3 1.4+) B1.#,( 5&tual Feature %i;e I .224 I .21* I .22, I .222 I .3*, De+arture 3rom MMC 9<onus: *otal 0eometri& *oleran&e
1 2 3 4 .atum
.%1% .%%4 .%%+ .%%,

S'i2t Tolerance S D
D .%14 D .%%, D .%1% D .%1/ .%%5
*a-le 1366 ,ns+e&tion data 3or gra+4i& analysis o3 +ro-lem 4 4. A part was made 2rom t'e drawin/ in i/. 13B1#M t'e inspection data was tabulated in Table 13B(.
Instructors# Guide ++
Per2orm a /rap'ic analysis o2 t'e part. 5s t'e pattern wit'in tolerance1 52 it is not in toleranceC can it be reworDedC i2 soC 'ow1
Bo
#he pattern 2ill *e in tolerance
if all holes are enlarge( to their 5M0 size.
C4a+ter 14 5 %trategy 3or *oleran&ing 'arts

C4a+ter Re ie!
Pa/e 241
1.005-1.020
C 4.00
2.000
3.000 6.00
2.00
Fig) 14621 5 4ole lo&ated and oriented to datums 5. <. and C 3or 7uestions 1 t4roug4 5 1. -'at cate/ory o2 /eometric tolerances applies to t'e primary datum in a drawin/ liDe t'e drawin/ in i/.14B211 2.
-orm tolerance
Instructors# Guide
-'at /eometric tolerance applies to t'e primary datum in t'e drawin/ in i/.14B211
,--
-latness
3. 4. T'e primary datum controls
the orientation
52 t'e 2eature control 2rame 2or t'e 'ole in i/. 14B21 'appened to beH
-'at relations'ip would t'e I 1.,,#Binc' 'ole 'a&e to datums 0 $ C1
#he tolerance zone of the oneJinch hole 2oul( *e parallel to (atum : an( parallel to (atum 0 an( at the same time 4 locate( 2ith *asic (imensions up from (atum : an( o3er from (atum 0.
#. 52 t'e 2eature control 2rame 2or t'e 'ole in i/. 14B21 'appened to beH
-'at relations'ip would t'e I 1.,,#Binc' 'ole 'a&e to datums AC 0 $ C1
#he tolerance zone of the oneJinch hole 2oul( *e perpen(icular to (atum A4 locate( 2ith *asic (imensions up from (atum : an( o3er from (atum 0.
(. Complete t'e 2eature control 2rame below so t'at it will re2ine orientation to .,,, at MMC.
).
.raw a 2eature control 2rame to control a pattern o2 'oles wit'in I .12# at MMC to its datums B datums A. 0C $ C. 7e2ine t'e tolerance o2 t'e 2eatureBtoB2eature relations'ip to a I .,,, at MMC.

,-,
Instructors# Guide
*.
-'at is t'e orientation tolerance 2or t'e pattern o2 'oles in t'e answer t'at you speci2ied 2or >uestion number )1
<erpen(icular to (atum A 2ithin a cylin(rical tolerance zone
of .%%% in (iameter at MM0.

+. <eepin/ in mind t'at t'e primary datum controls orientationC e"plain 'ow you would select a
primary datum on a part.
Pey points in selecting a primary (atum areQ
Select a functional surface Select a mating surface Select a sufficiently large4 accessi*le surface that 2ill pro3i(e repeata*le positioning in a (atum reference frame 2hile processing an( ultimately in assem*ly
1,. :ow would you determine w'ic' datum s'ould be secondary and w'ic' s'ould be tertiary1
#he secon(ary (atum may *e more important *ecause it is larger than the tertiary (atum or *ecause it is a mating surface.

,-$
Instructors# Guide
4X .514-.590
3.970 2.500
.500.515 4.235-4.250 C A B
Fig) 14622 'attern o3 3eatures 3or 7uestions 11 t4roug4 17 11. Select a primary datum and speci2y a 2orm control 2or it. 12. Select a secondary datum and speci2y an orientation control 2or it. T'e &irtual condition o2 t'e matin/ outside diameter is I 4.2#,. 13. Tolerance t'e Deyseat 2or a 162Binc' Dey. 14. Tolerance t'e 162Binc' clearance 'oles 2or 162Binc' 2loatin/ 2asteners. 1#. Are t'ere ot'er ways t'is part can be toleranced1 :ow
Yes4 the hole pattern coul( *e (atum 04 or (atum 0 coul( *e left off entirely.
,-% Instructors# Guide
1(. 52 t'e outside diameter is actually produced at 4.24,C 'ow muc' s'i2t tolerance is a&ailable1
7f (atum : 2ere perfectly perpen(icular to (atum A4 there 2oul( *e a D .%1% cylin(rical tolerance zone
1). 52 t'e outside diameter is actually produced at 4.24, and t'e Deyseat is actually produced at .#,#C 'ow muc' can t'is part actually s'i2t1 SDetc' a /a/e about t'e part.
7f (atum : 2ere perfectly perpen(icular to (atum A4 #he outsi(e (iameter coul( shift *ac? an( forth .%1% an( up an( (o2n .%%5. #he part coul( rotate some.
3X .250-.285 1.000 1.000
C
1.500
1.000
1.000 2X .510-.540
2.000
Fig) 14623 *!o +atterns o3 3eatures 3or 7uestions 1" t4roug4 21

,-& Instructors# Guide
1*. Locate t'e twoB'ole pattern to t'e sur2ace datums wit' a positional tolerance o2 I .,*# at MMC. Locate t'e two 'oles to eac' ot'er and orient t'em to datum A wit'in a tolerance o2 I .,1, at MMC. 1+. Locate t'e t'reeB'ole pattern to t'e twoB'ole pattern wit'in a I .,,, positional tolerance. 2,. T'e twoB'ole pattern is speci2ied as a datum at MMCC at w'at si3e do t'e two 'oles apply1
=irtual con(ition D .5%%

21. -'at is t'e total possible s'i2t tolerance allowed 2or t'e t'reeB'ole pattern1
7f the holes 2ere
perfectly oriente( an( locate( an( pro(uce( at their largest size .54%4 there 2oul( *e D .%4% cylin(rical shift tolerance. At 2orst case out of orientation an( position4 there 2oul( *e no shift tolerance.

,-'
Instructors# Guide
'ro-lems
Pa/e 244
4X .223-.246 C
4.00 3.000 A
.500 .500 6.00

4.000
2.00
Fig) 14624 *oleran&ing= 'ro-lem 1 1. .imension and tolerance t'e 2ourB'ole pattern 2or 8 1, cap screws as 2i"ed 2asteners. Allow ma"imum tolerance 2or t'e clearance 'oles and (,Q o2 t'e total tolerance 2or t'e t'readed 'oles in t'e matin/ part.
.#he D .//; MM0 clearance hole (iameter is su*Cect to goo(
engineering Cu(gment. 7t might 3ery 2ell ha3e *een roun(e( off to .//%.1
:ow 2lat is datum sur2ace A1
Lithin .%+% in reality pro*a*ly 2ithin .%15. $ 1)
:ow perpendicular are datums 0 and C to datum A and to eac' ot'er1

,-(
Instructors# Guide
.505-.540
3.500 C
1.500
1.500 1.500
2.500
3.000
4X .250-.260
Fig) 14625 *oleran&ing= 'ro-lem 2 2. Tolerance t'e center 'ole to t'e outside ed/es wit' a tolerance o2 .,(, at MMC. 7e2ine t'e orientation o2 t'e .#,,Binc' 'ole to t'e bacD o2 t'e part wit'in .,,#. Control t'e 2ourB'ole pattern to t'e center 'ole. T'e 2ourB'ole pattern mates wit' a part 'a&in/ 2our pins wit' a &irtual condition o2 .2#,. Gi&e eac' 2eature all o2 t'e tolerance possible. At w'at si3e does t'e center 'ole apply 2or t'e purposes o2 positionin/ t'e 2ourB'ole pattern1
=irtual con(ition 2ith respect to orientation D .5%%

52 t'e center 'ole is produced at a diameter o2 .#3#C 'ow muc' s'i2t o2 t'e 2ourB'ole pattern is possible1
D .%;5 if (atum ! is perfectly perpen(icular to (atum A

Instructors# Guide ,-)
2X .510-.525
6X .250-.260
.500 3.00 1.500 .500 1.000 1.00 B 4.00 C

.750 1.000 1.500 1.000
Fig) 14626 *oleran&ing= 'ro-lem 3 T'e location o2 t'e 'ole patterns to t'e outside ed/es is not criticalM a tolerance o2 .,(, at MMC is ade>uate. T'e location between t'e two .#,,Binc' 'oles and t'eir orientation to datum A must be wit'in .,1, at MMC. Control t'e si"B'ole pattern to t'e twoB'ole pattern wit'in .,,, at MMC. At w'at si3e does t'e twoB'ole pattern apply 2or t'e purposes o2 positionin/ t'e si"B'ole pattern1
=irtual con(ition 2ith respect to orientation D .5%%

52 t'e two lar/e 'oles are produced at a diameter o2 .#4,C 'ow muc' s'i2t o2 t'e 2ourB'ole pattern is possible1
D .%4%

,-*
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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Mechanical Design

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

2nd Weekly Meeting

3rd Weekly Meeting

First Midterm Exam Lecture 1* Lecture 21 Lecture 24 C'. ) C'. * C'. *

Midterm Re ie! Lecture 1+ Lecture 22 Lecture 2# C'. ) C'. * C'. +

Midterm Re ie! Lecture 2+ Lecture 32 Lecture 3# C'. 11 C'. 12 C'. 14

Final 're ie!

Final 're ie!

Final 're ie!

1st Weekly Meeting

2nd Weekly Meeting

3rd Weekly Meeting

Final 're ie!

Final 're ie!

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Mechanical Design

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

C4a+ter 1 ,ntrodu&tion to 0eometri& Dimensioning and *oleran&ing

eatures toleranced wit' G.$T re2lect t'e between matin/ parts.

4. Geometric tolerancin/ allows t'e ma"imum a&ailable t'e most #.

economical ASME Y14.5M1994

parts. is t'e currentC aut'oritati&e re2erence document

s'aped tolerance 3one.

/enerates a cylindrical s'aped tolerance 3one to control an a"is.

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

ma'imum material con(ition

consistin/ o2 t'ree mutually perpendicular planes.

C4a+ter 2 Dimensioning and *oleran&ing Fundamentals

e"cept t'ose dimensions

speci2ically identi2ied as re2erenceC ma"imumC minimumC or stocD. 2. !ac' 2eature s'all be

A *asic 9%) angle

applies w'ere centerlines o2 2eatures in a

All dimensions are to be measured at

unless ot'erwise speci2ied.

free state con(ition

e"cept 2or nonBri/id

full (epth full 2i(th

C o2 t'e 2eature unless ot'erwise

1,. .imensions and tolerances apply only at t'e speci2ied.

w'ere t'ey are

11. 4nits o2 linear measurement are typically e"pressed eit'er in t'e

12. An/ular units o2 measurement are speci2ied eit'er in

(egrees an( (ecimal parts of a

(egrees4 minutes4 an( secon(s

#he 9%) angle an( a zero (istance

5imit (imensioning an( plus an( minus (imensioning

is ne&er placed be2ore t'e decimal point 2or &alues less

the same num*er of plus an( minus signs

ha3e the same num*er of (ecimal places

the same num*er of (ecimal places as the associate( tolerances

an infinite num*er of zeros

outsi(e of the (ata*ase to reflect (esign requirements.

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

C4a+ter 3 %ym-ols. *erms. and Rules

-orm controls -lattness

-'ic' o2 t'e location controls is t'e most common1

!atum feature sym*ol 74 64 " 8

Geometric Dimensioning and To erancing !or "echanica Design

-eatures not suCect to size 3ariations -eatures suCect to size 3ariations