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ΟΙ ΠΟΛΕΜΟΙ ΓΙΑ ΤΑ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΑ PDF
ΟΙ ΠΟΛΕΜΟΙ ΓΙΑ ΤΑ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΑ PDF
ISBN 978-960-285-123-4
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8-25
130-141
26-45
116-129
EYA
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1890
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Standard Oil
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Sherman,
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Standard
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John D. Rockefeller Jr (1874-1960),
,
34
Ghia
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Standard Oil,
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1911,
(Sherman Antitrust Act)
34 , Standard
Oil of New Jersey ( Esso), Standard Oil
of New York ( Mobil), Standard Oil of
Indiana ( Amoco) ..
35
. Deterning, ,
,
Shell.
, , Royal Dutch
Shell Transport and Trading,
1907, Henri Deterning
(1866-1939) Royal Dutch Shell.
1911 ,
39 ,
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Bank Disconto Gesellshhaft,
.
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-
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Royal Dutch ( )
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.
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38
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371.000 .
-
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- 1907
39
Standard Oil
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,
. 1907 -, 835 ,
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.
1903 31
.
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40
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,
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Standard
Oil, .
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,
sir Campbell Kirkman Finlay,
.
1909 Burmah Oil 275
. Standard.
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Burmah Oil Shell.
1885
.
Burmah Oil, David Sime
Cargill (1826 1904).
.
41
al-Din (1853-1907) ,
1.200.000
, 20.000
16%
.
1903,
Knox. ,
,
,
1904
Burmah Oil. Knox,
Concessions Syndicate Lt.
1908 - - Concessions
.
42
John Arbuthnot
Fisher (1841-1920)-
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Churchill. 1914
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Anglo-Persian
2 . Burmah Oil
.
, Churchill -
, Anglo-Persian
,
, . ,
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,
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44
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.
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1909 Anglo-Persian,
, DArcy
. . ,
Colby Chester, ,
.
,
1911. Anglo-Persian Shell
.
1912 National Bank of Turkey,
,
Royal Shell Deutsche Bank
, Turkish Petroleum,
.
National Bank
, Anglo-Persian.
National Bank ,
-
J. Heller-
,
50 . , '
,
.
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Turkish Petroleum, ,
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,
Royal Shell Deutsche Bank.
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.
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D'Arcy,
1909.
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Deutsche Bank,
.
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Anglo
-American
Oil
,
1914
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.
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.
19.4.1914 , D'Arcy 50%
, Deutsche Bank
Anglo-Persian 25%.
,
19 , :
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1907,
, Standard Oil
. Standard Oil
.
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Dutch Shell, ,
Standard, . , Burmah Oil
Anglo-Persian ( )
.
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53
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1914,
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,
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,
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,
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.
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54
.
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,
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50.000 .
, ,
( 1918
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55
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.
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400 .
.
,
-, , , , .
.
1941
, , ,
. 1941
: -
- 380.000 .
, ,
320.000 ,
700.000 .
, , 570.000
.
125.000 ,
,
130.000 .
825.000 , -
1941
700.000
125.000
.
.
10.000
, 30.000 , 15.000 ,
40.000 .
, ,
.
,
25.000
. ,
,
, .
56
,
1941,
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,
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.
, , 6.000.000
,
1914-1918.
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57
, 1941,
1938.
, .
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1942 , ,
85%
1936.
,
. , 1940
( - ) 560 .
( / 1990),
164 316.
1941 860 .
(130) (196)
. ,
, 1.797 .,
(344)
(359) , , (1.094).
.
, 1943,
.
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. 1942 184.000.000 ,
58
,
.
950 .,
2.100
. .
22.0000.000,
12.500.000,
219.000.000
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6.600.000 (
),
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1941
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1940
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1944
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20.000 .
,
67
. 1943
,
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, 170.000 . 1944
1.700.000
760.000 , 45% . 1945
60% (350.000
600.000).
.
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,
1919-1920. ,
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OI
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- ,
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1970
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OI
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.
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2009.
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.
OPEC (, , ,
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OI
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. 1985,
OPEC
( 50% 27%).
1986
.
(, , , , ,
),
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.
1990.
,
.
OPEC , 40% .
15 , OPEC 60% .
12%
4%.
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25
.
,
OI
73
. 2011
7 , 2,5 1995
,
. 1987
1995
4,5 2,5 , . 2011
7
,
(8,2 ).
( )
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.
1980,
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1986, 2010 , 12,5 14,5
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.
,
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74
OI
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,
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1990 ,
.
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-
- .
(2000-2010)
, ,
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24%, 24% 21%.
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OI
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.
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.
,
1950,
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1956,
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.
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25%
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1970
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1970,
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1999. ,
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.
2001, 3,5
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.
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.
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.
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2000-2010
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1960) (1972). .
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Petroleum Intelligence Weekly
47.14
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2008 (20 1.000).
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Petrobras
,
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.
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2000
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
)
2009
7.635.000
5.010.000
2.523.000
.
2.395.000
2.196.000
2.184.000
2.170.000
2.127.000
2.102.000
1.929.000
.
1.920.000
1.871.000
1.871.000
1.851.000
1.694.000
1.580.000
1.511.000
1.390.000
1.374.000
1.311.000
149
, 2%
,
. 2000 44%
. 2012 21%.
,
.
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, .
,
,
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, - (,
..). - ,
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- 45%
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.
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151
152
(,
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.
,
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,
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Global,
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,
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,
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Petoro.
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-
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.
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(,
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18.6.2001,
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154
, ,
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- -
-,
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Gazprom
. ,
, 8
.
155
, , , ,
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:
2007
2010
341,1 .
277,9 .
276,4 .
206.4 .
71 .
53 .
:
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50%
. 2004
2008 . 215,6 .
427,6 .
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