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(1872) Standard Oil,

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1903

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22

Standard Oil . o 1892, Standard Oil

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24

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26

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28

John Sherman,

1890

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1904
Standard Oil

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.
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.

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,
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1902,
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Company. 1891
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.
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29

Pure Oil

Standard
Oil

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1890. , .
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, holding,

.

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Standard

,
.

30

Standard Oil

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1891
( Union Oil Co
),
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9,5 . Pure.

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(1857-1944), 1904
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31

Brandnobel Oil

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7 .
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32

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John D. Rockefeller Jr (1874-1960),
,

34

Ghia
Buzatu, Standard ,
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Shell Transport and Trading
Royal Dutch.
-H Shell Transport and Trading 1897
.
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John D. Rockefeller, Senior Junior,

.
John Dustin Archbold (1848-1916),
Standard Oil,

,
, Theodore Roosevelt.
, Standard Oil
1911,

(Sherman Antitrust Act)
34 , Standard
Oil of New Jersey ( Esso), Standard Oil
of New York ( Mobil), Standard Oil of
Indiana ( Amoco) ..

- Royal Dutch 1890.

(Royal Dutch Company for the
Working of Petroleum in the Nederlands Indies),
, , .
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Dutch, - Standard-
Royal
,
, Royal
.

Standard.
, , Shell Transport
and Trading Company Marcus Samuel (18531927), Royal Dutch Henri Deterning
(1866-1939). Samuel
,

35

O Henri Deterding, Royal Dutch,

Marcus Samuel, Shell

Trasport and Trading Company

. Deterning, ,
,
Shell.

, , Royal Dutch
Shell Transport and Trading,
1907, Henri Deterning
(1866-1939) Royal Dutch Shell.
1911 ,
39 ,
Standard ,
Rothschild . ,

1897 Deutsche
Bank Disconto Gesellshhaft,
.
.
. Deutsche Bank ,

-

36

Royal Dutch ( )

Nobel

37

Rothschild

.
. ,
Disconto, , Standard
Oil. , 1911,
, Deutsche Bank
Disconto ,
, ,
. ,
.
.

,
Anglo-American Oil,
Standard. , ,

, : Royal Dutch Shell

Europische Petroleum Union (EPU), 1906.
Royal Dutch , Anglo-Saxon Petroleum,
,
,
.
Europische Petroleum ,
British Petroleum.
Anglo-Persian
Company.
, Europische Petroleum
Union

38

Ludwig Robert Nobel

Deutsche Bank (. .), Nobel

Rothschild, Standard.
Europische Deutsche Bank,

.
Standard ,

,
. , 1907 Europische Petroleum
Standard Oil,
.

, , .
, ,
371.000 .
-

Alexander Mantashev,
- 1907

39

Deutche Bank Steaua Romna 1903

: Nobel, Rothschild Mantashev.

Ludvig
(1831-1888) Robert Nobel (1829-1896), Branobel.

. ,


,
.
Alphonse Rothschild (1827-1905),
The Caspian-Black Sea Oil Industry and Trade
Society,
.
1900 Caspian-Black Sea Oil
Industry Branobel.
50% 75%
. -

Standard Oil
.
Alexander Mantashev (18421911), , .
,
. 1907 -, 835 ,

. Mantashev
.

1903 31
.

. Deutsche Bank -

40

()

(Steaua Romna), Standard
, RomanianAmerican. , 1903 1914
,
Standard.
, Cmpina Poiesti. ,
,

.

Standard
Oil, .
, Burmah Oil
,
sir Campbell Kirkman Finlay,
.
1909 Burmah Oil 275

. Standard.
,
Burmah Oil Shell.

1901 William Knox

DArcy (1849-1917),

,

.
Mozafar

1885
.
Burmah Oil, David Sime
Cargill (1826 1904).
.

41

William Knox DArcy

Mozafer al-Din

al-Din (1853-1907) ,
1.200.000
, 20.000
16%
.
1903,

Knox. ,
,
,
1904
Burmah Oil. Knox,
Concessions Syndicate Lt.
1908 - - Concessions

.

42

John Arbuthnot
Fisher (1841-1920)-

. Burmah Oil
,

.

Anglo-Persian, Charles Greenway

1909 Burmah Oil

, Anglo-Persian Oil Company,

,
.
, 1910
Anglo-Persian
,
Asiatic Petroleum,
Royal Dutch Shell .
( 60%
Royal) ,


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, ) Winston Churchill (1874-1965),

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43

John Arbuthnot Fisher

Colby Chester

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Royal Dutch Shell
Anglo-Persian ( ,
Burmah Oil).

Anglo-Persian
Churchill. 1914
51%
Anglo-Persian
2 . Burmah Oil
.
, Churchill -

, Anglo-Persian

,
, . ,


. ,
Charles Greenway (1857-1934),
,
.
1909 1913 Abadan,
-. Abadan

44

. , Greenway
.

.
,

. .
1909 Anglo-Persian,
, DArcy
. . ,
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.
,
1911. Anglo-Persian Shell
.
1912 National Bank of Turkey,
,
Royal Shell Deutsche Bank
, Turkish Petroleum,
.

National Bank
, Anglo-Persian.
National Bank ,
-
J. Heller-
,
50 . , '
,
.

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, Royal Shell
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Anglo-Persian Royal Shell.

,
Royal Shell Deutsche Bank.
, ,
, 20
.

.

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1909.
(, )
. , .
, .

.
.


.
,
.
, Anglo-Persian
Deutsche Bank,

.

45

Anglo
-American
Oil

,
1914

,
.
Anglo-Persian 50% ,
.
19.4.1914 , D'Arcy 50%
, Deutsche Bank
Anglo-Persian 25%.

,
19 , :
() ,

1907,
, Standard Oil

. Standard Oil
.
() , Royal
Dutch Shell, ,
Standard, . , Burmah Oil
Anglo-Persian ( )
.

.

46

1941 . ( Associated Press)

47

; , ,
, .

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.

, 1913,
.

, .
,

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,


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,

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,

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1.250.000.000 .
.
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1.200.000.000

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,

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:

48

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51

Deutsche Bank

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(1904-1905)
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1913,
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1912-13,


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52

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8.000.000
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53

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1914,

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,
25.000 .

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,

230.000 .

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60.000 .
, ,

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.

54

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( 1918
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.

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400 .
.
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-, , , , .

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1941
, , ,
. 1941

: -
- 380.000 .
, ,
320.000 ,
700.000 .

, , 570.000
.
125.000 ,
,
130.000 .

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1941
700.000

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.
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, 30.000 , 15.000 ,

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,
25.000
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56

,
1941,

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1914-1918.
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57

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1938.
, .
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,
. , 1940
( - ) 560 .
( / 1990),
164 316.
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(344)

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, 1943,
.
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58

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2.100
. .

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12.500.000,
219.000.000
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),

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- ,

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60

IG Farben

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62

(Bundesarchiv)

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64

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600.000).

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68

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OPEC
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. .
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.



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.


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.

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2009.
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72

OI

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. 1985,
OPEC
( 50% 27%).
1986


.

(, , , , ,
),
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1990.
,

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OPEC , 40% .
15 , OPEC 60% .
12%
4%.
8% .
25

.



,

OI

73

. 2011
7 , 2,5 1995

,
. 1987
1995
4,5 2,5 , . 2011
7
,
(8,2 ).

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. -

.

1980,
,
. ,
1986, 2010 , 12,5 14,5
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74

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,


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1990 ,

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(2000-2010)
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35%, 26%,
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440 , -

OI

75

.
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1950,
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1956,
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1970
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-

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76

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,


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78

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OI

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.

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.

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.
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.
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,

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( 62% ).
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OI

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abucco
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100

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102

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projects
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.

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105

TAP (Trans Adriatic Pipeline),

FYROM.
,

,
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/.
, ITGI,


, 2012
Shah Deniz II

. Edison (
) Shah Deniz
(
)
,
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, TAP

(Trans Adriatic Pipeline), ,

ITGI, ,
.
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,

.
2013,
,
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12 . .. .

TAP
,

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106

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, ,
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1 .

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project (diversification) ,
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,

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,
.
-
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2020-2022,
.

107

: 56
A: 3.300

: 5 .

: 31 .

South Stream -Nabucco

TAP,

.
Shah Deniz II
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project, , TAP
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108

ENI

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,

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109

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110

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,
,
,

,

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,
80%
.

, -

.


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project ,
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, , -

112

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:
Nabucco, ,

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31
. .. Nabucco ( ).
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Stream,

,
() LNG,
. , ,
RWE
2011 6,3 . ,

.
,


.

(2018-2020)
12 .

113

:
.

.. (2022-2024)
.

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.

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,

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2018-2020. ,
, , / projects .

(
) 2020 - 12 . ..
;
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.
, , (
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South Stream
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114
/.

FYROM

Bo

,
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, .

.

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( 2018-2020,
-

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project

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9, . ,

115

, ,
, ,
.
, , ,
,
, ,

. , ,
.
,
.
, , , , , ,
. , ,

,
()
.

1 Paul Reynolds, US ready to seize Gulf oil in

1973, BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
middle_east/3333995.stm, March 24,2012
2 Thalif Deen, Why China blocks sanctions on
Iran, Sudan, Burma, Inter Press Service News
Agency (IPS), http://www.ipsnews.net/login.
asp?redir=news.asp?idnews=33577, March 25, 2012
3 Christopher Alessi, Stephanie Hanson, Expanding
China-Africa oil ties, Council on Foerign
Relations, http://www.cfr.org/china/expandingchina-africa-oil-ties/p9557, March 24, 2012
4 James Kanter, European Union seeks
power to block bilateral energy deals, The
New York Times, http://www.nytimes.
com/2011/09/08/business/global/eu-seekspower-to-bloc-bilateral-energy-deals.html?_

r=1&ref=nabuccopipeline# , March 26, 2012

5 ,

: ,
( . ), , 2012, . 340-341
6 3-5 . ..

7 ,
.
8 , 2012.
9 , 2011-2030 , , 2011, . 199.

116

1968-74
Oceanic

117

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,

k *

- , KANERGY Ltd

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118

: 175
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120

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Exploration Research

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125

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(in place), 5
. (Bankers corp., 2010),


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:
.. 19811982. 3,5 . , 200-300
. 2.500-2.600
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. 20 22

126

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1.500 . .
3 . .
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127

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128

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(AAPG),
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2011 Energean
Oil & Gas,
( ).
. Email:knikolaou.kanergy@otenet.gr.

129

130

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, 16.11.1994).
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1974

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1974
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1974 ,

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134

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135

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136

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( 2002)

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6.

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2000
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. Shell
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137

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7) .

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( 8).

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9

2006-2007.
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Energy, . Noble Energy

12
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138

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10 (2011)

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13 (2011)

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()
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,

21%.




-,

(hubs)
,
. -
-
,
,
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,

- .
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144

(2012)
, (
, , ..)

109 bbl

[18]
109 m3

296.5
.
265.4

175

151.2

143.1

101.5

136.7

74.2

49

47

37

25.41

20.35

26.8

13.5

13.42

13.2
Petroleum Intelligence Weekly

47.14
42.20
27.8
24.04
22.75
16.14
21.73
11.80
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7.5
5.9
4.040
3.235
4.26
2.15
2.134
2.10

,
, ..,
,
,
,
.

,


20
2010

106 bbl/d
2.1
8.9
2.7
4.1
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2.3
2.4
9.7
1.5
1.7
2.5
1.1
4.1
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1.9
1.7
2.1

103 m3/d
330
387
1,410
81
430
178
650
101
380
163
370
121
380
156
1,540
21
240
55
270
76
400
41
170
63
650
14
1,110
10
300
19
270
22
330
17

,
.

,

()

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(1982 - ),

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2003
PDVS

(
, ..).

21 .

, ,

2003,
(PDVSA).

,
, , ,
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,
PDVSA
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,
,
(,
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. 51%
, ,

146

. PDVSA !

,
. ,

85 ,

,

.


.
, (
. ),

,

,
clearing .

, ,
,
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,
.


,
2.000.000 2017,
,


( ,

147

21% ( 54% 10)

2017 2.000.000 .

Petrobras

148

2%
. , 12 44% 21%

..).
, ,
,

. -
,

.
54% 2003,
21%,
1998 (62 1.000 )
2008 (20 1.000).




.

G20, 2012
, .
.
.
,
. , 80%
.
Petrobras

,
. ,

Petrobras ,
55,3% ,
.
2008 Petrobras

, - 72,8
. . ,
.
2000

. -

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

)
2009

7.635.000

5.010.000

2.523.000
.
2.395.000

2.196.000

2.184.000

2.170.000

2.127.000

2.102.000

1.929.000
.
1.920.000

1.871.000

1.871.000

1.851.000

1.694.000

1.580.000

1.511.000

1.390.000

1.374.000

1.311.000

149

, 2%
,

. 2000 44%
. 2012 21%.
,

.
,
.
,
,

. ,
, .

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