SELECTION PROCESS AS HUMAN RESOURCE FUNCTION 1.0 Introduction Selection can be conce tuali!

ed in ter"# o$ eit%er c%oo#in& t%e $it candidate#' or re(ectin& t%e un$it candidate#' or a co"bination o$ bot%. So' #election roce## a##u"e# ri&%tl) t%at' t%ere i# "ore nu"ber o$ candidate# t%an t%e nu"ber o$ candidate# actuall) #elected' *%ere t%e candidate# are "ade a+ailable t%rou&% recruit"ent roce##. Selection i# a roce## o$ c%oo#in& t%e "o#t #uitable er#on# out o$ all t%e artici ant#. In t%i# roce##' rele+ant in$or"ation about a licant i# collected t%rou&% #erie# o$ #te # #o a# to e+aluate t%eir #uitabilit) $or t%e (ob to be $illed. On ot%er %and' #election i# t%e roce## o$ a##e##in& t%e candidate# b) +ariou# "ean# and "a,in& a c%oice $ollo*ed b) an o$$er o$ e" lo)"ent. T%ere$ore' in #i" le ter"#' #election i# a roce## in e" lo)"ent $unction *%ic% #tart# i""ediatel) u on recei t o$ re#u"e# and a lication letter#' t%e "a(or concern bein& re+ie*in& re#u"e# $or ba#ic -uali$ication#. A (ob #ee,er *%o doe# not "eet t%e re-uired -uali$ication# i# not an a licant and #%ould not be con#idered. It i# a roce## *%ic% #%ould be ba#ed on (ob.related -uali$ication# includin&' but not li"ited to/ re-uired or re$erred education0 e1 erience0 and ,no*led&e' #,ill#' and abilitie# a# identi$ied in t%e (ob de#cri tion. 2uali$ication# "u#t be bona $ide occu ational -uali$ication#. An a licant *%o i# %ired "u#t "eet t%e re-uired -uali$ication# li#ted in t%e (ob de#cri tion. In t%i# re&ard' Selection i# a roce## o$ "atc%in& t%e -uali$ication# o$ a licant# *it% t%e (ob re-uire"ent#. It i# a roce## o$ *eedin& out un#uitable candidate# and $inall) identi$ie# t%e "o#t #uitable candidate. 3.0 Selection and Recruit"ent are co" ared Selection i# di$$erent $ro" recruit"ent' *%ere recruit"ent tec%nicall) recede# #election. Recruit"ent in+ol+e# identi$)in& t%e #ource# o$ "an o*er and #ti"ulatin& t%e" to a l) $or (ob# in t%e or&ani!ation#. On t%e ot%er %and' #election i# t%e roce## o$ c%oo#in& t%e be#t out o$ t%o#e recruited. Recruit"ent i# o#iti+e a# ai"# at increa#in& t%e nu"ber o$ a lication# $or *ider c%oice# or $or increa#in& t%e #election ratio.

4.0 Factor# 5Condition#6 $or Selection Proce## T%e ba#ic idea in a #election roce## i# to #olicit "a1i"u" o##ible in$or"ation about t%e candidate# to a#certain t%eir #uitabilit) $or e" lo)"ent' and &i+en t%e $act t%at' t%ere are $actor# *%ic% a$$ect t%e #ee,in& o$ #uc% in$or"ation' %e ro o#ed t%e $ollo*in& $actor# *%ic% deter"ine t%e #te # in+ol+ed in a #election roce##0 Fir#tl)' +ariou# #te # in+ol+ed in a #election roce## de end on t%e t) e o$

er#onnel to be #elected. For e1a" le' "ore in$or"ation i# re-uired $or t%e #election o$ "ana&erial er#onnel a# co" ared to #ubordinate *or,er#. Secondl)' #election roce## de end# on t%e #ource# o$ recruit"ent and t%e "et%od t%at i# ado ted $or "a,in& contact *it% ro# ecti+e candidate#. For e1a" le' in t%e ca#e o$ ad+erti#e"ent' #election roce## i# "ore co" re%en#i+e and ti"e. con#u"in&' *%ere a# in t%e ca#e o$ ca" u# recruit"ent0 t%e roce## i# #%ortened and "a) be co" leted in a da). T%irdl)' #election roce## de end# on t%e nu"ber o$ candidate# t%at are a+ailable $or #election. I$ t%e nu"ber i# lar&e enou&%' t%ere i# a need $or creatin& +ariou# $ilterin& oint# and reducin& t%e nu"ber o$ a licant# at eac% #ucce##i+e oint. Ho*e+er' *%ere t%e nu"ber o$ a licant# i# #"all' le##er nu"ber o$ $ilterin& oint# are re-uired. Fourt%l)' or&ani!ation7# #election olic) al#o deter"ine# t%e *a)# to be in+ol+ed in #election roce##. For e1a" le in Tan!ania conte1t' t%ere are +ariou# or&ani!ation# *%ic% conduct #election te#t# $or e" lo)"ent o#ition# #uc% a# TRA5Tan!ania Re+enue Aut%orit)6 and NM8 5National Micro$inance 8an, Li"ited6' *%ile &o+ern"ent "ini#trie# and L9A7# 5Local 9o+ern"ent Aut%oritie#6&o t%rou&% inter+ie* onl). Al#o t%e #election roce## can be #ucce##$ul i$ t%e $ollo*in& condition# are #ati#$ied/. Fir#tl)' #o"eone #%ould %a+e t%e aut%orit) to #elect' *%ere t%i# aut%orit) co"e# $ro" t%e e" lo)"ent re-ui#ition a# de+elo ed t%rou&% anal)#i# o$ t%e *or,load and *or,$orce.

Secondl)' t%ere "u#t be #o"e #tandard o$ %u"an re#ource *it% *%ic% a licant can be co" ared. In ot%er *ord#' a co" re%en#i+e (ob de#cri tion and (ob # eci$ication #%ould be a+ailable be$ore%and.

T%irdl)' t%ere "u#t be a #u$$icient nu"ber o$ a licant# $ro" *%o" t%e re-uired nu"ber o$ e" lo)ee# "a) be #elected.

In t%i# re&ard' recruit"ent and #election roce## in+ariabl) in$luence t%e *%ole "atter o$ e" lo)"ent $unction in t%e or&ani!ation. :.0 Ste # in Selection Proce## Selection roce## con#i#t# o$ a #erie# o$ #te #' at eac% #ta&e' $act# "a) co"e li&%t *%ic% "a) lead to t%e re(ection o$ t%e a licant. It i# a #erie# o$ #ucce##i+e %urdle# or barrier# *%ic% an a licant "u#t cro##. T%e#e %urdle# or #creen# are de#i&ned to eli"inate an un-uali$ied candidate at an) oint in t%e #election roce## T%ere i# no #tandard# #election rocedure to be u#ed in all or&ani#ation# or $or all (ob#. T%e co" le1it) o$ #election rocedure# increa#e# *it% t%e le+el and re# on#ibilit) o$ t%e o#ition to be $illed. T%ere$ore' t%e #trate&) and "et%od u#ed $or #electin& T%e recruit"ent and #election conducted in ublic #ector i# -uite di$$erent *it% t%o#e done b) ri+ate or&ani#ation# in ter" o$ rocedure# and &eneral roce##' a# "o#t i$ not all o$ e" lo)"ent roce## in ublic #ector are controlled b) Mini#tr) o$ Public #er+ice "ana&e"ent5UTUMISHI6' *%ere it in+ol+e re-ue#tin& o$ e" lo)"ent er"it be$ore #tartin& recruit"ent roce##. :.0.1 Preli"inar) Inter+ie* 5#creenin& a lication#6 Initial #creenin& i# done to *eed out totall) unde#irable;un-uali$ied candidate# at t%e out#et. It i# e##entiall) a #ortin& roce## in *%ic% ro# ecti+e candidate# are &i+en t%e nece##ar) in$or"ation about t%e nature o$ t%e (ob and t%e or&ani#ation' at t%e #a"e ti"e' t%e nece##ar) in$or"ation i# al#o elicited $ro" t%e candidate# about t%eir education' #,ill#' e1 erience' #alar) e1 ected and t%e li,e. It %el # to deter"ine *%et%er it i# *ort%*%ile e" lo)ee# +arie# $ro" $ir" to $ir" and $ro" one (ob to anot%er.

$or a candidate to $ill u t%e a lication $or". At t%i# (uncture' te#t o$ aut%enticit) $or candidate7# rele+ant certi$icate# i# done.

:.0.3 A A

lication For" lication $or" i# a traditional and *idel) u#ed de+ice $or collectin&

in$or"ation $ro" candidate#. It #%ould ro+ide all t%e in$or"ation rele+ant to #election' *%ere re$erence $or ca#te' reli&ion' birt% lace' "a) be a+oided a# it "a) be re&arded an e+idence o$ di#cri"ination. Ho*e+er' t%e u#e o$ a lication $or"# i# "o#tl) u#ed b) ri+ate or&ani!ation# and e# eciall) international or&ani!ation# #uc% a# UNICEF' UN<P' *%ere in re# ect to ublic #er+ice e# eciall) local &o+ern"ent to *%o" I %a+e been *or,in& $or cou le o$ )ear#' t%i# $or"# are $illed *%ile t%e a licant %a+e alread) i##ued e" lo)"ent letter' and are $illed $or t%e ur o#e o$ bein& #ent to UTUMISHI #o a# t%e e" lo)ed a licant can be ada ted to t%e &o+ern"ent a)roll to e$$ect %i# or %er #alar). :.0.4 Selection Te#t P#)c%olo&ical te#t# are bein& increa#in&l) u#ed in e" lo)ee #election' *%ere a te#t "a) in+ol+e #o"e a# ect o$ an indi+idual7# attitude#' be%a+ior and er$or"ance. Te#t# are u#e$ul *%en t%e nu"ber o$ a licant# i# lar&e' a# at be#t it re+eal# t%at t%e candidate# *%o #cored abo+e t%e redeter"ined cuto$$ oint# are li,el) to be "ore #ucce##$ul t%an t%o#e #corin& belo* t%e cuto$$ oint. :.0.: E" lo)"ent Inter+ie* Inter+ie* i# an e##ential ele"ent o$ #election and no #election co" lete *it%out one or "ore rocedure i# er#onal inter+ie*#' *%ere t%e in$or"ation collected

t%rou&% a lication letter or a lication $or"# and te#t# can be cro##.c%ec,ed in t%e inter+ie*' *%ere candidate# de"on#trate# t%eir ca abilitie# and #tren&t% in rele+ant to t%eir acade"ic credential#. A #election in inter+ie* #er+e# t%ree ur o#e#/ a6 Obtainin& in$or"ation about t%e bac,&round' education' trainin&' *or, %i#tor) and intere#t# o$ candidate

b6 9i+in& in$or"ation to candidate# about t%e co" an)' t%e # eci$ic (ob and %u"an re#ource olicie#0 and c6 E#tabli#%in& a $riendl) relation#%i bet*een t%e e" lo)er and t%e candidate #o a# to "oti+ate t%e #ucce##$ul a licant to *or, $or t%e or&ani!ation. Ho*e+er' in ractice inter+ie* beco"e# a one.#ided a$$air #er+in& onl) t%e $ir#t ur o#e. :.0.= Medical E1a"ination A licant# *%o %a+e cro##ed t%e abo+e #ta&e# are #ent $or a %)#ical e1a"ination eit%er to t%e co" an)7# %)#ician or to a "edical o$$icer a ro+ed $or t%e ur o#e. Suc% e1a"ination #er+e# t%e $ollo*in& ur o#e#/. a6 It deter"ine# *%et%er t%e candidate i# %)#icall) $it to er$or" t%e (ob' *%ere t%o#e *%o are %)#icall) un$it are re(ected. b6 It re+eal# e1i#tin& di#abilitie# and ro+ide# a record o$ t%e e" lo)ee7# %ealt% at t%e ti"e o$ #election. T%i# record *ill %el in #ettlin& co" an)7# liabilit) under t%e *or,"en co" en#ation Act $or clai" $or an) in(ur). c6 It re+ent# t%e e" lo)"ent o$ eo le #u$$erin& $ro" conta&iou# di#ea#e#. d6 It identi$ie# candidate# *%o are ot%er*i#e #uitable but re-uire # eci$ic (ob# due to %)#ical %andica # and aller&ie#. :.0.> Re$erence C%ec,# T%e a licant i# a#,ed to "ention in %i# a lication $or"' t%e na"e# and addre##e# o$ t*o or "ore er#on# *%o ,no* %i" *ell. T%e#e "a) be %i# re+iou# e" lo)er#' %ead# o$ education in#titution# or ublic $i&ure#. T%e#e eo le are re-ue#ted to ro+ide t%eir $ran, o inion about t%e candidate *it%out incurrin& an) liabilit). In &o+ern"ent and ublic #ector or&ani!ation#' candidate# are &enerall) re-uired to route t%eir a lication# t%rou&% t%eir re#ent e" lo)er#' i$ an). T%e o inion o$ re$eree# can be u#e$ul in (ud&in& t%e $uture be%a+ior and er$or"ance o$ candidate' but i# not ad+i#able to rel) e1clu#i+el) on t%e re$eree# becau#e t%e) are &enerall) bia#ed in $a+our o$ t%e candidate. A clear' unbia#ed and co" re%en#i+e de#cri tion o$ candidate7# abilitie# and be%a+ior b) %i# or %er e" lo)er *ould be o$ enor"ou# +alue in #election' articularl) i$

t%e e" lo)er al#o #u $or #e+eral rea#on#/.

lied (ob # eci$ication' but un$ortunatel) t%i# ideal i# ne+er reali#ed'

Mo#t candidate# are e" lo)ed at t%e ti"e o$ t%eir a lication' and do not *i#% t%eir e" lo)er# to ,no* t%e) are loo,in& el#e*%ere. 8ecau#e o$ a ro# ecti+e e" lo)er *ould be brea,in& a con$idence i$ %e or #%e a#,ed $or a re$erence be$ore an o$$er o$ a (ob %ad been "ade and acce ted. 8) t%e ti"e an o$$er %a# been acce ted' #election i# o+er and t%e re$erence i# too late to a$$ect it. An o$$er "a) be "ade ?#ub(ect to #ati#$actor) re$erence#7' but a# "o#t re$erence# are recei+ed a$ter t%e candidate %a# #tarted *or,' t%e) can onl) be u#ed to *arn "ana&er# o$ o##ible $ault# in t%e candidate *%ic% in #eriou# ca#e# "a) e+entuall) lead to *arnin&# $ollo*ed b) di#"i##al.

E" lo)er# &i+in& re$erence# are u#uall) e1tre"el) cautiou#0 "an) re$erence# "erel) #tate t%e (ob title' t%e date o$ e" lo)"ent' and rea#on# $or lea+in&. Re$erence# are occa#ionall) bia#ed' &i+in& a &ood re$erence to %a#ten an e" lo)ee7# de arture or a oor one becau#e o$ a &rud&e.

T%ere$ore' t%e be#t re$erence# are obtained in er#on' *%ere t%ere i# a c%ance to #ee *%et%er non+erbal be%a+ior "atc%e# *%at i# #aid. I$ #uc% a "eetin& cannot be arran&ed' tele %onin& i# t%e ne1t be#t alternati+e. :.0.@ Final A ro+al roce## i# carried out b) t%e %u"an

In "o#t o$ t%e or&ani!ation#' #election

re#ource de art"ent' *%ere t%e deci#ion# o$ t%e de art"ent are reco""endator). T%e candidate# #%ort li#ted b) t%e de art"ent are $inall) a ro+ed b) t%e e1ecuti+e o$ concerned de art"ent# or unit#. :.0.A E" lo)"ent. E" lo)"ent i# o$$ered in t%e $or" o$ an a oint"ent letter "entionin& t%e o#t' t%e ran,' t%e #alar) &rade' t%e date b) *%ic% t%e candidate #%ould (oin and ot%er ter"# and condition# in brie$. In #o"e or&ani!ation#' a contract o$ #er+ice i# #i&ned b) bot% t%e candidate and t%e re re#entati+e o$ t%e or&ani!ation. It i# at t%i# oint *%ere a #elected

a licant i# %andled *it% a letter o$ o$$er $or a (ob' a# 9ra%a" ar&ue# t%at' t%e initial o$$er o$ a (ob need# # ecial care' articularl) a# re&ard# t%e $ollo*in& oint#/. a6 T%e *a&e or #alar) o$$ered "u#t not onl) be a ro riate to t%e (ob and attracti+e to t%e candidate but con#i#tent *it% t%e earnin&# o$ re#ent e" lo)ee#. b6 T%e (ob "u#t be na"ed and an) # ecial condition# #tated' $or in#tance' t%e $ir#t )ear )ou *ill be under trainin& at t%e %ead o$$ice' t%en )ou *ill be tran#$erred to u . countr) branc%e#. c6 T%e candidate "u#t ,no* t%e e##ential condition# o$ e" lo)"ent' #uc% a# %our# o$ *or,' %olida)#' bonu#e# and $rin&e bene$it#. d6 An) ro+i#o# "u#t be clearl) #tated' $or e1a" le' )our e" lo)"ent *ill be #ub(ect to #ati#$actor) re$erence# and "edical e1a"ination#. A oint"ent i# &enerall) "ade on robation o$ one or t*o )ear#' *%ere u on #ati#$actor)

er$or"ance durin& t%i# eriod' t%e candidate i# $inall) con$ir"ed in t%e (ob on t%e ter"# e" lo)ed *it%' *%et%er er"anent or contractual ba#i#. :.0.B Induction. T%e roce## o$ recei+in& e" lo)ee# *%en t%e) be&in *or,' introducin& t%e" to t%e co" an) and to t%eir collea&ue#' and in$or"in& t%e" o$ t%e acti+itie#' cu#to"# and tradition# o$ t%e co" an) i# called induction. At t%i# (uncture +ariou# induction cour#e# are done to ne* recruit in order to accli"ati!e t%e" *it% t%e ne* *or,in& en+iron"ent. :.0.10 Follo* C u 5E+aluation6 All #election #%ould be +alidated b) $ollo*.u ' it a #ta&e *%ere e" lo)ee i# a#,ed %o* %e or #%e $eel# about ro&re## to date and t%e *or,er7# i""ediate #u er+i#or i# a#,ed $or co""ent#' *%ic% are co" ared *it% t%e note# ta,en at t%e #election inter+ie*. I$ a $ollo*.u i# un$a+orable it i# robable t%at #election %a# been a $ault0 t%e *%ole roce## $ro" (ob # eci$ication to inter+ie* i# t%en re+ie*ed to #ee i$ a better c%oice can be "ade ne1t ti"e. Al#o' added t%at' t%ou&% e+aluation i# not #trictl) a #te o$ #election roce## but %el # in en#urin& it# e$$ecti+ene## a# it trie# to "ea#ure t%e reliabilit) and t%e +alidit) o$ +ariou# #te # u#ed in t%e #election roce##.

T%ere$ore' it i# e##ential to $ollo* u ne*l) en&a&ed e" lo)ee# to en#ure t%at t%e) %a+e #ettled in and to c%ec, on %o* *ell t%e) are doin&' i$ t%ere an) roble"#' it i# "uc% better to identi$) t%e" at an earl) #ta&e rat%er t%an allo*in& t%e" to $e#ter. =.0 Concludin& Re"ar,# T%ere$ore' t%e ba#ic ob(ecti+e o$ #election i# to %ire t%o#e candidate# *it% a %i&% robabilit) $or (ob #ucce##. A "ulti le %urdle lan i# t%e be#t #election #trate&). Selection %urdle# or te#t# include re.e" lo)"ent in-uirie#' a lication $or"#' initial #creenin& inter+ie*#' bac,&round in+e#ti&ation#' *or, #a" le te#t#' and inter+ie*#. Al#o' Recruitin& and #electin& t%e ri&%t eo le $or )our bu#ine## i# a c%allen&e' and e+er) #ituation i# uni-ue. I$ one i# inno+ati+e' er#i#tent and reali#tic' and can co""unicate t%e #tren&t%# o$ %i# bu#ine## and t%e bene$it# o$ t%e o#ition# one o$$er#' one #%ould be #ucce##$ul in attractin& %i&% -ualit) e" lo)ee# to build career# *it% %i# or %er or&ani#ation. 9enerall)' c%aracteri#tic# *%ic% e" lo)er# loo, $or *%ile %irin& are/ t%e er#on #%ould be %un&r) $or #ucce## and %a+e a ri#, ta,in& ca acit). He or #%e "u#t al#o be able to ?t%in,.out.o$.t%e.bo17' learn to li+e *it% #tre##' be a &reat tea" la)er and %a+e a co""it"ent outloo,. Hence' t%e or&ani#ation *ill end u %a+in& #tron& co""itted tea" to "eet it# &oal# and ob(ecti+e#.

A##i&n"ent On

Sub"itted 8) Na"e / D EASAR ARAFATH Roll No / 0BM8A>0