MC LC

GII THIU CHUNG..............................................................................................1

PHN I: THAM QUAN CC C S V NH MY............................................2
CHNG I: CNG TY C PHN CH BIN THY HI SN HIP THANH. 2
CHNG I: CNG TY C PHN CH BIN THY HI SN HIP THANH
............................................................................................................................... 2
A. Gii thiu tng quan v cng ty........................................................................2
A. Gii thiu tng quan v cng ty....................................................................2
B. Quy trnh sn xut c tra fillet lnh ng..........................................................3
B. Quy trnh sn xut c tra fillet lnh ng.......................................................3
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh.......................................................................................5
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh...................................................................................5
1. Tip nhn nguyn liu....................................................................................5
2. Ct titngm (ra 1).....................................................................................5
3. Fillet c...........................................................................................................5
4. Cn ra 2.....................................................................................................6
5. Lng da c (cng ty s dng my lng da).....................................................6
6. Chnh hnh......................................................................................................6
7. Ra ln 3, kim tra, cn, ct d......................................................................6
8. Soi k sinh trng............................................................................................7
9. Phn c, phn loi s b.................................................................................7
10. Ngm quay tng trng..................................................................................7
11. Phn loi, phn c ming fillet.....................................................................7
12. Tin hnh ng.............................................................................................8
13. Cn v bao gi............................................................................................10
14. R kim loi.................................................................................................11
15. Bo qun....................................................................................................11
CHNG II: C S SN XUT MM B GIO KHE 55555.......................12
CHNG II: C S SN XUT MM B GIO KHE 55555...................12
A. Gii thiu c s...............................................................................................12
A. Gii thiu c s...........................................................................................12
B. Quy trnh sn xut mm..................................................................................12
B. Quy trnh sn xut mm...............................................................................12
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh.....................................................................................13
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh.................................................................................13
1. Tip nhn v phn loi nguyn liu..............................................................13
2. X l nguyn liu..........................................................................................13
3. Mui c.......................................................................................................13
4. Gi nn.........................................................................................................14
5. Ra...............................................................................................................14
6. Thnh mm...................................................................................................14
7. chn...........................................................................................................14
8. Chao ng..................................................................................................14
9. Xp keo........................................................................................................15
10. ng np, dn nhn....................................................................................15
11. Bo qun....................................................................................................15
CHNG IV: CNG TY TNHH NC MM HI HNG............................16

CHNG IV: CNG TY TNHH NC MM HI HNG.........................16

A. Gii thiu........................................................................................................16
A. Gii thiu.....................................................................................................16
B. Quy trnh sn xut...........................................................................................16
B. Quy trnh sn xut........................................................................................16
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh.....................................................................................17
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh.................................................................................17
1. Nguyn liu..................................................................................................17
2. p mui.....................................................................................................17
3. Dng c cha...............................................................................................17
4. Chit rt ln 1 ..............................................................................................18
5. Gi nnchit rt ln 2 ................................................................................18
6. Chit rt nhiu ln........................................................................................18
7. Phi trn iu v...........................................................................................18
8. Thnh phm..................................................................................................18
CHNG V: CNG TY C PHN STAPIMEX.................................................19
CHNG V: CNG TY C PHN STAPIMEX..............................................19
A. Gii thiu........................................................................................................19
A. Gii thiu.....................................................................................................19
B. Quy trnh sn xut...........................................................................................20
B. Quy trnh sn xut........................................................................................20
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh.....................................................................................21
C. Thuyt minh quy trnh.................................................................................21
1. Tip nhn nguyn liu..................................................................................21
2. Ra 1............................................................................................................22
3. S ch...........................................................................................................22
4. Ra 2............................................................................................................22
5. R kim loi...................................................................................................23
6. Ra 3............................................................................................................23
7. Phn cphn loi........................................................................................23
8. Ra 4............................................................................................................24
9. Phn bcn.................................................................................................24
10. X l sau v...............................................................................................24
11. Ra 5..........................................................................................................24
12. Ngm quay tng trng................................................................................25
13. Ra 6..........................................................................................................25
13. ng gi.....................................................................................................27
14. R kim loi.................................................................................................27
15. ng thng.................................................................................................27
16. Bo qun....................................................................................................27
PHN 2: PHNG TH NGHIM...........................................................................28
A- CH TIU CM QUAN....................................................................................28
A- CH TIU CM QUAN.................................................................................28
B- CH TIU HA HC........................................................................................31
B- CH TIU HA HC....................................................................................31
BI 1: PHNG PHP PHN TCH CH TIU M ................................31
BI 1: PHNG PHP PHN TCH CH TIU M ............................31
I. Nguyn tc....................................................................................................31

II. Dng c v thit b.......................................................................................31

III. Cc bc tin hnh.....................................................................................31
IV. Cch tnh....................................................................................................31
BI 2: PHNG PHP PHN TCH PROTEIN.............................................33
BI 2: PHNG PHP PHN TCH PROTEIN.........................................33
I. Nguyn tc....................................................................................................33
II. Dng c v ha cht....................................................................................33
III. Cc bc tin hnh.....................................................................................34
IV. Kt qu.......................................................................................................35
BI 3: PHNG PHP PHN TCH LIPID.....................................................36
BI 3: PHNG PHP PHN TCH LIPID.................................................36
I. Nguyn tc....................................................................................................36
II. Dng c v thit b.......................................................................................36
III. Cch tin hnh............................................................................................36
IV. Kt qu.......................................................................................................37

LI CM N
Gn kt kin thc l thuyt i i vi thc t lun l vn rt cn thit i vi
tt c ngnh ngh ni chung v chuyn ngnh Cng Ngh Ch Bin Thu Sn ni
ring. Lp Cng Ngh Ch Bin Thu Sn chng ti va c dp tham quan cc c s
sn xut cng nh cc nh my ch bin thy snl tin gn kt nhng kin
thc hc vi thc tin. Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n:
Cc cp lnh o trng ai hc Cn Th, Ban ch nhim Khoa Thy Sn to
iu kin cho chng ti n tham quan thc t ti cc nh my ch bin thu hi sn.
Cc Thy C thuc B mn Dinh Dng v Ch Bin Thy Sn tn tnh quan
tm, gip cng nh truyn t kin thc v kinh nghim cho chng ti trong sut
chuyn i thc t va qua.
Cc c s sn xut v ch bin thu hi sn: Cng ty C Phn Thy Sn Sc
Trng Stapimex (TP.Sc Trng), Cng ty C Phn Thy Hi Sn Hip Thanh (Tht
NtTP.Cn Th), Cng Ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin B Gio Khe 55555 (Chu
cAn Giang), Cng ty nc mm Hi Hng (Rch Gi - Kin Giang) sn lng
hp tc to iu kin cho chng ti tham quan v s hng dn tn tnh ca cc K s
CBTS gip chng ti tm hiu quy trnh sn xut thc t ca tng cng ty v c s.
c i tham quan trc tip tng quy trnh cng ngh cc sn phm thu hi sn
v thu hoch kt qu ca chuyn i ny; chng ti tin hnh vit bi bo co.
Chng ti c gng hon thnh tt ni dung bo co. Nhng do kinh nghim v kin
thc cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi khim khuyt, mong s ng gp kin ca
qu thy c v cc bn chng ti hiu r hn v b sung li bi bo co c hon
chnh hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

GII THIU CHUNG

t nc Vit Nam c ng b bin di v rng, kh hu nhit i gi ma cng

vi mt h thng sng ngi dy c. l nhng iu kin t nhin v cng thun li
pht trin cc ngnh khai thc v ch bin thy, hi sn. Cng vi nhng tin b
ca nn khoa hc k thut tin tin. Do , trn khp t nc ta, nhiu nh my, x
nghip, c s sn xut, ch bin cc mt hng thy, hi sn khng ngng pht trin.
Theo Tp Ch Cng Sn: Ch bin xut khu thy sn l ng lc cho tng trng
v chuyn i c cu trong khai thc v nui trng thy sn. n nay, c nc c
tng s hn 470 c s doanh nghip ch bin thy sn. Trong , 248 c s - doanh
nghip (chim gn 53%) t tiu chun ca th trng EU - mt th trng kh tnh
vo bc nht th gii; trn 300 c s doanh nghip c Hn Quc cng nhn tiu
chun cht lng Theo B Thy sn, hin nay hng thy sn Vit Nam c mt
trn 140 nc v vng lnh th trn th gii, c ch ng vng chc cc th trng
ln nh Nht Bn, EU v Bc M. V gi tr kim ngch xut khu, thy sn Vit Nam
hin vn ln ng hng th 7 trn th gii. Nm 2006, sn lng thu sn Vit
Nam t 3,75 triu tn, gi tr kim ngch xut khu t 3,75 t USD.
Bn cnh s pht trin vt bc ca ngnh thy sn th chng ta cng ang gp
nhng kh khn nht nh trong m bo cht lng .V th, nc ta ang khng
ngng ci tin, nng cp quy trnh cng ngh nng cao cht lng v v th ca sn
phm Thy sn Vit Nam.
Qua chuyn i thc t c s ngnh, chng em c tin hnh tm hiu thc t
ti 2 nh my Ch bin sn phm Thy sn v 2 c s sn xut sn phm truyn thng
bit c th hn v quy trnh ch bin cc sn phm Thy sn, di s gip ca
Thy, C trong Khoa Thy sn. n cui cng chng em xin tng hp v trnh bi mt
s ni dung m nhm c c t chuyn i TTGTCS.

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

PHN I: THAM QUAN CC C S V NH MY

CHNG I: CNG TY C PHN CH BIN THY HI SN
HIP THANH
A. Gii thiu tng quan v cng ty
Hip Thanh tp on kinh doanh, ch bin, nui trng v xut khu hai sn
phm chin lc ca ngnh nng nghip: Lng thc v Thy sn chnh thc
c thnh lp nm 1989 c tr s chnh ti khu vc Thi An, Phng Thun An,
Qun Tht Nt, Cn Th; v Cng ty C phn Ch bin Thy hi sn Hip Thanh
l mt thnh vin chuyn ch bin kinh doanh C Tra phi l ng lnh xut khu,
loi c ni ting v ph bin nht Vit Nam.
a ch: khu vc Thi An, Phng Thun An, Qun Tht Nt, Tp Cn Th.
Chi nhnh: 1808 storeylane- dallas- texas- 75220- USA.
Vn phng i din: 38 Gia Hng 5, ph M Hng, Q7, TPHCM
in thoi: 07103.854888
Fax: 07103.855889
Website: www.hiepthanhgroup.com
Email: info@ hiepthanhgroup.com
Loi hnh kinh doanh: Xut khu, Ni a.
Sn phm chnh: C tra, C basa, Go
Gim c: Nguyn Vn Phn
Ph gim c: Nguyn Ngc Tri
Lnh vc hot ng: nui trng thy sn, ch bin v xut khu nng thy sn, kinh
doanh thc n gia sc.v.v..
Mt bng s dng: 55,000 m2
Nng lc sn xut: 250 tn nguyn liu/ngy
Trang thit b my mc, tin nghi:
+ My lm vy: 4 my (40 tn/ngy)
+ My phn c: 5 my
+ H thng x l nc thi: 02 (1.000 m3/ngy)
+ Phng th nghim.
2

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

+ Kho lnh: 7,400 tn thnh phm
+ Cng nhn: 2.400
+ H thng lnh:
ng tip xc: 2 h thng (14 tn/ngy)
ng gi: 4 h thng (50 tn/ngy)
Bng chuyn IQF: 4 ci (40 tn/ngy)
+ My ht chn khng: 8 my
+ My lng da: 8 my
Nhit kho lnh: T0 = 200C 20C
Nhit tm sn phm: 180C 20C.
Bao gi theo tng c, loi ring bit. Tu tng n hng ca khch hng m c
th c quy cch ng gi khc nhau. ai np 2 ngang, 2 dc. K hiu m bn ngoi
thng ph hp vi ni dung bn trong sn phm.
Nh c quy trnh sn xut khp kn vi din tch vng nui sch hn 70ha t
sn lng thu hoch (c Tra nguyn liu): 35.00040.000 tn/nm, Hip Thanh lun
m bo n nh 80% sn lng c tra nguyn liu cho ch bin v xut khu ca
cng ty. ng thi cng nh vy m lng nguyn liu u vo ca cng ty lun
c kim sot rt nghim ngt cc v cht lng (khng sinh, thuc tr su, ) v
sn lng. Bn cnh th cc ch tiu v cht lng v an ton v sinh thc phm
(ISO 9001: 2000, HACCP, BRC, HALAL, IFS, FDA, GLOBAL G.A.P) cng
lun c cng ty t ln hng u.
a ch cc c s chnh:
nh An, Lp V, ng Thp
Thi An, Thun An, Tht Nt, Cn Th
Kin An, Ch Mi, An Giang
B. Quy trnh sn xut c tra fillet lnh ng
* Chun b vo qui trnh sn xut:

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Trc khi cng nhn bc vo phn xng th cng nhn phi thay bo h,
i m, mang ng, qua bn nc chlorin => ra tay theo cc bc quy nh.
mi khu th bo h ca cng nhn s c mu ring phn bit cng
nhn gia cc khu trnh hin tng cng nhn t khu khng sch sang khu
sch gy hin tng nhim cho vi sinh.
* Quy trnh:
Tip nhn nguyn liu
Ra 3
Soi k sinh trng

Ct tit ngm (ra, x mu)

Chnh hnh
Phn loi, phn
c s b

Tin hnh ng

Lng da

Fillet c
Cn, ra

Ngm quay tng

trng

Phn loi, phn c

ng IQF

ng block

Ch ng

Xp khun

Cp ng

Ch ng

M bng

Cp ng

Ti ng

Tch khun

Cn, bao gi
R kim loi
ng thng

Bo qun

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

C. Thuyt minh quy trnh
1. Tip nhn nguyn liu
C nguyn con cn sng, cht lng ti tt, c khng bnh, khng khuyt
tt c trng lng t 0.5kg tr ln.
C sng c vn chuyn t khu vc khai thc n Cng ty bng ghe c
cho c cn sng. T bn, c c cho vo thng nha chuyn dng ri chuyn
nhanh n khu tip nhn bng xe ti nh. Ti khu tip nhn, QC kim tra cht lng
cm quan (c cn sng, khng b try xc phn tht, khng c du hiu b bnh).
Ly mu i phn tch vi sinh, khng sinh hay cc ch tiu khc theo yu cu ca
khch hng.
2. Ct titngm (ra 1)
Mc ch: mu trong c th c chy ra ngoi, khng tch t trong c tht
nhm lm cho ming fillet trng hn v ra loi b mu, nht v vi sinh vt bm
trn c.
Ti y, c c phn loi s b loi b c nh, cht hoc b cc d tt
khc. Sau khi c c ra s b th tin hnh ct tit, thao tc ct tit phi nhanh, c
sau khi c ct tit phi cht, sau nguyn liu c ngm trong bn c cha sn
nc sch (hay c pha Chlorin vi nng 50ppm) nhm loi b mu ra khi
nguyn liu, trnh tnh trng c tht c b sm mu hay mu t li trong c tht.
+ Sau khi ct tit, cho nguyn liu vo bn ra c x nc
+ Nhit nc ra: nhit thng 20280C
+ Thi gian ra: 1015 pht. Tn sut ra: 500kg/ln.
Mi bn ngm ra khong 500kg1000kg c.
3. Fillet c
Mc ch: tch hai phn tht ca c ra khi phn xng, u v ni tng. khi
fillet trnh lm v ni tng v y l ngun ly nhim vi sinh vt d gy nh hng
n cht lng ca ming fillet.
Thao tc nhanh, lin tc, ng k thut, trnh v ni tng, khng st tht
trong xng. Ming fillet phi p, b mt phng, vt ct t dt khot, tht c
5

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

khng b nhy, khng b rch da. Fillet di vi nc vi nng Chlorine khong
0,5-1 ppm. nh mc trung bnh l: 2.0.
4. Cn ra 2
Ra sch nht trn ming fillet ng thi lm tri i mt phn m bm trn
ming c.
+ Nhit nc ra: 20280C.
+ Thi gian ra: 35 pht.
+ Nng chlorine 30ppm, nc ra ch s dng mt ln. Mi ln ra
khng qu 50kg.
5. Lng da c (cng ty s dng my lng da)
Mc ch: tch da ra khi phn tht nhm p ng nhu cu ca khch hang v
loi bt vi sinh vt bm trn da.
C sau khi fillet, ra th c em qua my lng da tch da ra khi c tht
c. Nhng ra phn tht c vo nc pha chlorine nng thch hp. Yu cu:
ming fillet phi sch khng cn da, khng phm tht hoc rch tht, c tht c
khng b ti.
6. Chnh hnh
Dng dao chuyn dng chnh sa nhm loi b c tht , xng, m trn
ming fillet. Tht vn phi gt xung mng trnh vic pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
Nhit ming c duy tr trong khong 20250C. Sau giai on ny ta tin hnh ra
3.
7. Ra ln 3, kim tra, cn, ct d
Ming c c nhng ra trong thng nc lnh, ri ra trong dung dch
nc pha chlorine nng 30ppm, cui cng cho ra qua nc sch mt ln
na, nhit nc ra t 050C, giai on ra ny loi b ht phn vn lm cho
ming fillet trng hn ng thi gim bt lng vi sinh vt trn b mt ming c v
gi lnh cng hn ch s bin i ca c cho cc giai on tip theo. Khi ra khuy
o nh r c cho tri ht vn c. Ra khng qu 200 kg thay nc mt ln.

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Sau khi ra, c c kim tra phn tht , xng, m nu cc ming c sau
chnh sa sch m, tht , xng, gn, da v b mt ming fillet lng, khng
rch tht, khng phm vo tht ming fillet th s c cn tnh nh mc.
8. Soi k sinh trng
Mc ch: m bo khng c k sinh trng trong mi ming fillet. QC kim
tra theo tn sut 30 pht/ln. Kim tra k sinh trng trn tng ming fillet bng mt
trn bn soi.
Nu ming fillet sau khi kim tra khng c k sinh trng th tip tc theo dy
chuyn sn xut.
Nu ming fillet c k sinh trng th ta loi ra v chuyn v giai on chnh
hnh.
9. Phn c, phn loi s b
Sau khi soi k sinh trng c c tin hnh phn c v phn mu s b. C
c chia lm hai mu T1 (mu trng) v T2 (mu hi hng). Vi c nh thng
c chia lm 4 c (< 70g, t 70g n 120g, t 120 n 170g, t 170g tr ln), i
vi c ln thng c chia thnh cc c (<150g, 150 220g, >220g). Ty vo
kch thc c m phn thnh cc c khc nhau.
10. Ngm quay tng trng
Mc ch: nhm lm ming fillet bng p, sng hn, tng khi lng, hn
ch qu trnh oxy ha v khng b mt nc trong qu trnh cp ng.
Sau khi ra, cn c cho vo my quay (s lng c 100-400 kg/m tu theo
my quay ln hay nh). Sau cho dung dch thuc vo theo t l c: dch thuc l
3:1. Ch khi ngm nn o u cc ming fillet.
11. Phn loi, phn c ming fillet
* Phn loi:
Loi xut khu:
Cn m bo cc ch tiu:
Mu fillet phi trng, khng b ch mu.
Tht c khng b ct phm do fillet hoc b thng do mc cu.
7

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Phn ln c mu t nhin ( nhng khng m hoc nu trn ming
c).
Tht c phi tt, khng vng m, bng lng t nhin.
Ming fillet phi sch, khng c bt k ngoi vt no.
C mi v t nhin ca loi, loi fillet.
Loi tiu th ni a:
Cht lng cng ging nh loi xut khu. Nhng ming fillet thuc loi tiu
th ni a khi:
C nhng ln dao b ct phm trn ming c.
C nhng du thng do fillet hoc do mc xc rch tht.
C bm tht di 10% ca b mt ming fillet.
Cc ming fillet phi c cm quan tt, kch c phi thch hp mi t
yu cu ca ngi tiu th .
* Phn c fillet theo nh c:
Phn c ming c theo gram/ming hoc theo yu cu khch hng. Cho php
sai s 2%.
C c phn thnh cc size nh: 60120; 120170; 170220; 220Up
(gram/ming) hoc theo yu cu ca khch hng.
12. Tin hnh ng
* C 2 dng ng: ng block v ng IQF
ng block:
Xp khun:
Chun b khun:
Khun phi c chun b trc song song vi vic khi u sn xut. Ra
sch khun vi x phng v sau ra vi nc c pha chlorine. p khun xung
cho kh.
Ra sch du DOP trn bao PE mu xanh da tri v lm kh bao trc khi
xp c.
8

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Cch xp khun:
Tri mt mng PE ln kch thc c 99x77x0.05(cm) tht phng ln khun
v st mp khun.
t mt t PE ln c xut khu hoc ni tiu.
t mt t PE ln mi lp S, M hoc L, XL,ri p xung.
C c xp thnh tng lp khng chm vo nhau nu chng ln nhau th
cch ly bng t PE.
Ln xp cui cng l mt t PE bao phn b mt khun, phn cn li lt
v t di mm c.
Ch ng:
Nu ming fillet sau khi xp khun cha c cp ng ngay th phi ch
ng cho ming c lun nhit thp trnh tnh trng h hng do vi sinh vt
v cc bin i ha hc xy ra. ng thi ch ng gip ming fillet h nhit
thp nn khi cp ng thi gian ng nhanh hn.
Thi gian ch ng 4h . Nhit phng ch ng: 0 40C
Cp ng:
Lm kt ng nc t do trong c nhm c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt,
to hnh dng cho sn phm v d dng vn chuyn.
Thi gian cp ng 1 gi. Nhit tm sn phm: 180C. Trc khi cp
ng phi chy khi ng t ng n khi nhit t khong 40 n 420C , khi
mi a hng vo cp ng.
Tch khun:
Sn phm sau khi cp ng xong c tin hnh tch khun thao tc nh
nhng ly sn phm ra khi khun bao gi trnh c khng b gy v.
ng IQF:
Ch ng:
Mc ch: Gi cho cht lng sn phm c an ton v n nh cho n
khi chuyn qua cp ng trnh cc bin i c th xy ra lm nh hng n
9

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

cht lng ca sn phm sau cng. H nhit sn phm xung hn ch s pht
trin ca vi sinh vt trong trng hp cha lng hng cho t cp ng.
Nhit ch ng duy tr t 0 40C, thi gian ch ng khng qu 4 gi.
Cp ng:
i vi sn phm ng IQF ny c cp ng bng bng chuyn phng,
nhit bng chuyn l: 400C, thi gian cp ng khong 15 n 30 pht ty theo
kch c ca ming fillet v nhit tm sn phm t 180C l c.
Cp ng nhm gi cho cht lng sn phm c n nh, c ch s pht
trin ca vi sinh vt ng thi trnh qu trnh chy lnh trong qu trnh bo qun.
M bng:
i vi sn phm ng IQF ny sau khi cp ng sn phm c m bng
bng cch nhng nguyn liu vi nhit nc m bng khong 1 n 4 0C t l m
bng 20% n 30% hay ty theo yu cu khch hng. M bng to gi tr thm
m cho sn phm, ng thi hn ch s mt nc cho sn phm, trnh qu trnh
chy lnh.
Ch s dng nc vy c sn xut t ngun nc sch ti nh my
lm lnh nc m bng.
Ti ng:
i vi sn phm ng IQF sau khi m bng phi c ti ng, trong t ti
ng c nhit t 30 n 350C, trong thi gian t 67 pht, nhit tm sn
phm t 180C.
13. Cn v bao gi
C sau khi ti ng c cn theo trng lng tu theo yu cu khch hng.
Sau , c bao gi PE ngay. Trng lng sn phm c bao gi trong thng
carton theo yu cu ca khch hng. Nu sn phm yu cu ht chn khng th s
c ht chn khng trc khi ng thng.
Bao gi sn phm khng b mt nc, trnh tn thng c hc ng thi to
gi tr thm m cho sn phm, trnh qu trnh chy lnh.
10

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

14. R kim loi
Khi sn phm c bao gi th c chuyn qua giai on r kim loi.
Khi pht hin kim loi phi loi ngay sn phm ra kim tra li.
Phng php: cho tng ti sn phm qua thit b r kim loi, QC kim tra
nhy ca my 30 pht/1 ln.
15. Bo qun
Sau khi bao gi, sn phm s chuyn n kho lnh bo qun nhm gi
cht lng ca c c n nh trong lc ch xut hng, ko di thi gian s dng.
Nhit kho lnh: T0 = 200C 20C.
Nhit tm sn phm: 180C 20C.
Bao gi theo tng c, loi ring bit.Tu tng n hng ca khch hng m
c th c quy cch ng gi khc nhau. ai np 2 ngang, 2 dc. K hiu m bn
ngoi thng ph hp vi ni dung bn trong sn phm.

11

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

CHNG II: C S SN XUT MM B GIO KHE 55555

A. Gii thiu c s
Tn giao dch: C S Sn xut Mm B Gio Khe 55555.
Ngi i din: ng Nguyn Phng Hong.
Loi hnh doanh nghip: T nhn.
Ngnh ngh: Ch bin, kinh doanh cc loi mm, c kh.
a ch: 19 Nguyn Vn Thoi, Chu c, An Giang.
in thoi: (84-76) 867048
Fax: (84- 76) 866620
Email: bgk@hcm.vnn.vn
Sn phm chnh: mm ruc, mm tm chua u , mm thi, mm lc, mm c
linh, mm c cm,
B. Quy trnh sn xut mm
Tip nhn v phn loi
nguyn liu
X l nguyn liu
Mui c
Gi, nn
Ra
Thnh Mm
Chn
Chao ng
Xp keo
Bo qun thnh phm

ng np, dn nhn

12

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

C. Thuyt minh quy trnh
1. Tip nhn v phn loi nguyn liu
Nguyn liu phi c phn loi theo cht lng v kch thc, mi loi
nguyn liu s c ng dng mt quy trnh cng ngh khc nhau. Thng th nguyn
liu lm mm l cc loi c (c linh, c sc, c lc,) t nhin.
Nguyn liu s dng lm mm khi chng qua giai on t cng.
2. X l nguyn liu
Gm cc giai on sau:
* Phn loi:
Loi b nhng nguyn liu h hng khng t yu cu. Ty loi v kch thc
ca nguyn liu s c s chnh lch thi gian gia cc giai on trong quy trnh.
* Ra s b:
Ra sch bn t, ct, cc tp cht dnh ngoi da c. Quan trng nht l phi
ra sch cc cht nht trn c th c.
* Ct m :
Mc ch: Loi b nhng phn khng cn thit, cc b phn b thi ra hoc
d thi ra nh: mang, ni tng, ui, k, vy, vy; gim dy ca t chc c tht,
lm tng tit din ngm mui khi p. B mt ct m yu cu: phng, nhn, khng
c lm nt th tht.
* Ra sau khi m :
Mc ch: ty sch ni tng mu, nht, tp cht khc cn dnh trn c. Ra sch
vi sinh vt cn st li hoc nhim trong qu trnh ct m. Ra sch cht bo trnh
hin tng oxy ha gy i thi, bin mu. Thi gian ngm ra ph thuc vo nhit
v loi nguyn liu.
3. Mui c
T l c: 100kg c : 28,75 kg mui ( 3:1).
Mui c em trn u vi c theo t l nht nh. i vi c to phi dung
mui xt ln c c bit l mang v nhng b phn tht dy.
Di y thng cha c tri mt lp mui mng, trn cng cho mt lp
mui dy ph trn b mt. Thi gian mui ty thuc vo nng mui v kch c c.
13

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

4. Gi nn
Cch nn: sau khi cho c mui vo lu, khp,tri tm cao su ln b mt, sau
dng v tre m tht cht, dn ln cho chc chn.
Mc ch: To iu kin cho qu trnh ln men ym kh, ng thi trnh hin
tng sinh di. Thi gian gi nn khong 3 thng th c chn.
Nu nguyn liu nn cng cht th cng ngon v gip c tht con mm d li do
mt nc to c dai, con mm nm su bn di khng tip xc khng kh
khng b di.
5. Ra
Khi nguyn liu chn tin hnh ra bng nc nc mui nng khong 5%,
ro mm ri chuyn qua giai on thnh.
6. Thnh mm
Thnh khng cn c t l xc nh, ch cn o u b mt c, y l giai on
quyt nh mi ca sn phm.
Thnh l mt loi go gang chn ri xay nhuyn, c tc dng xc tc qu trnh
chn, chng m, ng thi to mi thm c trng ca mm.
Ri thnh chun b sn ln mm v trn tht u ri cho c vo dng c cha
gi nn li tht cht nh ln u. Sau khi thnh nc mm nh vo to mi thm
cho sn phm ri chuyn sang giai on .
7. chn
Thi gian mm: 3 thng.
Lp s theo di qu trnh chn ca mm. Du hiu chng ta nhn bit
mm dng c l lp nc mm pha di ming cao su s chuyn sang mu
v rt trong. Ty theo yu cu ca khch hng v n t hng m vt ra mt lng
mm chn t yu cu tip tc tin hnh giai on chao ng.
8. Chao ng
Mc ch:
iu ha v ca mm, to hng v thm ngon cho sn phm.

14

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

To iu kin tt cho men lactobacillus pht trin, t kim ch c vi
khun sinh kh v vi khun gy thi. Nh vy c th ko di thi gian bo qun v
thc y qu trnh chn. Ngoi ra, giai on ny c th thm mt s ph gia nh: ti,
gng, t, u , promilin trong nc khm thc y qu trnh chn to hng v
c trng cho sn phm.
Sau khi chao ng khng cn gi nn, khong 1 ngy 1 m c th v keo
to thnh phm.
9. Xp keo
Cho mm chao ng vo h, keo ( qua x l). Dng nc ng thng
vo bo qun.T l pha nc ng ty thuc vo nng chao ng. Sau khi hon
tt, y kn a vo my thanh trng (bng hi nc).
10. ng np, dn nhn.
Sau thanh trng th nhng keo mm c cng nhn ng np v dn nhn ty
loi sn phm a vo bo qun.
11. Bo qun
Sn phm c bo qun nhit thng.

15

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

CHNG IV: CNG TY TNHH NC MM HI HNG

A. Gii thiu
Tn cng ty: Cng ty TNHH nc mm Hi Hng.
Lnh vc hot ng: hng gia dng.
Loi hnh doanh nghip: doanh nghip t nhn.
a ch: 60 Trn Qu Cp, KP 6, P.An Bnh, TP.Rch Gi, tnh Kin Giang.
Chuyn sn xut nc mm c cm.
Cc sn phm chnh: nc mm nhiu loi 200N, 250N, 300N.
B. Quy trnh sn xut
Nguyn liu (c cm)
C + mui (7:3)
Dng c cha (Bn )
Ln men (10 - 12 thng)
Chit rt ln 1

Nc mm ct

Gi nn
Chit rt ln 2
Nc mui
B

B sau chit rt
Chit rt nhiu ln (ti a: 5 ln)
Dch nc mm
Phi trn
Thnh phm

16

Long nht

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

C. Thuyt minh quy trnh
1. Nguyn liu
Ch yu l c cm. Nhm to ra nc mm c cht lng cao nn cng ty
chn c cm Than (mu trong, mt sng).
Cht lng nguyn liu cn ph thuc vo ma v, nn chn c thu hoch t
thng 79 (m lch) v c phm cht tt nht.
Nguyn liu c cng ty thu mua ch yu t vng bin Ph Quc, s lm sch
v p mui ti vng tip nhn.
2. p mui
T l c: mui (7:3). T l ny gip c ch vi sinh vt c hi, ng thi khng
ph hy h enzyme c li trong qu trnh chp (c c p mui). Khi nng
mui qu cao, thi gian cng lu, khng c li cho sn xut cng nghip.
Cng ty thng xuyn kim tra mn trong sut qu trnh p mui (thch
hp nht l 25270).
Mui p phi l loi mui n tinh khit, kt tinh ht nh c rn cao, mu
trng, ng nh (khng vn cc m t, khng c v ng).
3. Dng c cha
Bao gm nhiu loi khc nhau (xi mng, g, nha). Nhng cng ty s dng
bn xi mng v ph hp vi hon cnh a phng, khng chim din tch ln, dung
tch cha ng nhiu (10m3/bn), gi thnh hp l, thi gian s dng lu hn thng
g. Mi bn u c l l st y, d dng chit rt sn phm.
, ln men (1012 thng).
Mt lp c + mt lp mui, c xp xen k vi nhau trong bn (ch lp
mui trn b mt phi dy hn cc lp cn li (1015cm). Sau dng tm cao su ph
ln b mt bn (trnh cn trng v hn ch vi sinh vt), v tre gi nn cht li, ri dng
nn cht khi chp.
Bc u c b trng ln nc tit ra lm khi chp ni ln, nhit ni c
trong c pht sinh lm hot ng enzyme tng ln trung tm c tch t dn cc kh
NH3, H2S, CO2 lm c trng ln tht b x nt. Vi phng php ny, lng NH 3 sinh
ra t hn v cho mui mt ln s c ch vi sinh vt gy thi.

17

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Khong mt tun sau, ta tin hnh rt dch bi ra khi khi chp m phi
nng 67 ngy. Nc bi thm v hn th ta em bm ngc vo bn.
Khi chp c yn, enzyme trong rut c hot ng mnh phn hy
protein thnh cc acid amin, dn dn c tht c s b phn hy ht cho ra sn phm
nc mm, nhit phn hy thch hp 37400C. c s Hi Hng do cha trong
bn t trong kho nn c s thit k kho c h thng my che thp, lp bng tn
gia bn nh sng c th xuyn qua gip tng nhit lm c mau chn.
4. Chit rt ln 1
Sau khi c khong 1012 thng th tin hnh chit rt, nc mm giai on
ny gi l nc mm nh.
5. Gi nnchit rt ln 2
Sau khi chit rt ln 1, xng tht cha thoi ha c gi nn cht sau tip
tc cho nc mui vo 3 ngy sau tin hnh chit rt ln na, c nh th ta chit rt
khong 4 ln l c. Nc mm chit xong ln lt cho vo cc b xi mng c nng
m t thp ln cao. Vi vic s dng phng php chit rt lin hon, c s Hi
Hng sn xut c nc mm c cc nng m khc nhau.
6. Chit rt nhiu ln
Sau khi chit rt ln 2 ta thm nc mui vo b, tip tc gi nn li. V tip
tc chit rt nhiu ln (khong 3 ln) ta c cc hng nc mm khc nhau nh long
2, long 3, long 4 vi nng m khc nhau. Nhng ln chit rt sau nc mm c
mu khng p ta s ci thin mu li bng cch cho thm mt s hp cht mu nh
caramel. B sau khi chit rt c c s bn li lm phn bn, thc n gia sc.
7. Phi trn iu v
Sau khi chit rt nhiu ln dch chit c a vo h thng lc ri em i phi
ch cho ra thnh phm cui cng v c phn loi theo m.
8. Thnh phm
Sau khi pha ch sn phm nng m theo mong mun. Tin hnh ng chai
sn phm thnh nhiu loi vi th tch v nng m khc nhau, cht liu chai l
cng khc nhau ty theo nhu cu s dng. Cc dng c chai l c ra sch, tit
trng trc khi s dng .
18

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

CHNG V: CNG TY C PHN STAPIMEX

A. Gii thiu
c thnh lp vo nm 1978, STAPIMEX l mt trong nhng x nghip ch
bin thy sn u tin ca Vit Nam.
Hot ng di hnh thc l nh ch bin v xut khu thy sn v lun l mt
trong nhng doanh nghip thy sn hng u ca Vit Nam v ch bin v xut khu
tm s. Sn phm ca cng ty c khch hng nh gi cao v lun l s la chn
hng u nh vo cht lng tt, an ton v n nh.
T nm 2003, cng ty p dng thnh cng h thng truy xut nguyn liu n
tn ao nui. Vi thnh tu t c nh vy, Stapimex i tin phong trong vic
qun l c ngun nguyn liu ti sch v an ton.
im mnh ca Stapimex l c i ng cn b, cng nhn vin lnh ngh, c
nng lc v nhit tnh trong cng tc. Phn xng ch bin v thit b c trang b
hin i sn sng p ng cc yu cu ca khch hng.
Cng ty c cc x nghip sn xut tm ng lnh cc loi vi h thng trang thit
b hin i cng sut khong 50 tn thc phm/ngy v c cng nhn t cht
lng xut khu vo th trng EU vi code EU 162, EU 229 v code EU 447.
T u nm 2006, Cng ty hot ng theo hnh thc c phn v ly tn y
CNG TY C PHN THY SN SC TRNG.
Tng Gim c: ng Trn Vn Phm( H Hu Tri l ch tch hi ng qun tr)
Tng s cng nhn: khong 3500 ngi
Tng cng sut ch bin thnh phm/ngy: 50 tn / ngy
Li nhun thu c nm 2010: 25,83 t ng
Kim ngch xut khu nm 2010: 77,06 triu USD
Thnh phm xut khu nm 2010: 9.365 tn
Mc thu chng bn ph gi sang th trng M: 4.57%
H thng qun l cht lng: ISO 9001: 2000; BRC; HACCP
Mt hng sn xut chnh: Nobashi, CPTO, RPTO; Tm Tm bt, Sushi
V khch hng:
Cng ty xut khu sn phm qua cc th trng:
Th trng M: khong 52%
Th trng Nht: khong 32%
19

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Th trng Chu u: khong 4.5%
Th trng khc (Canada, c, Chu , Trung ng): khong 11.5%
Cc x nghip trc thuc Cng ty:
X nghip ng lnh Tn Long 220 Quc L 1A, thnh ph Sc Trng, tnh Sc
Trng.
X nghip ng lnh Pht t 220 Quc L 1A, thnh ph Sc Trng, tnh Sc
Trng.
X nghip ng lnh An Ph Khu cng nghip An Hip, huyn M T, tnh Sc
Trng.
B. Quy trnh sn xut
Tip nhn nguyn liu
Ra 1
S ch
Ra 2
R kim loi
Ra 3
Phn c-phn loi
Ra 4
Phn b- cn
X l sau v
Ra 5
Ngm quay tng trng

ng block

Ra

Xp khun

ng IQF

20

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Ch ng

Ln bng chuyn

Cp ng

Cp ng

Tch khun

M bng
Ti ng

ng gi
R kim loi
ng thng
Bo qun

C. Thuyt minh quy trnh

1. Tip nhn nguyn liu
Nguyn liu c tip nhn phi tha mn cc yu cu cht lng, cc th tc
ng k tip nhn nhm to ngun thng tin ch bin cho cc cng on tip theo v
m bo ngun nguyn liu c cht lng tt trc khi a vo ch bin.
Nh my thu mua nguyn liu t 3 ngun chnh:
+ Nguyn liu t cc ao nui vn u t ca cng ty cung cp.
+ Thu mua trc tip t nng dn: thc n v con ging do nng dn nui.
Kim tra khng sinh trc khi thu hoch.
+ T cc i l:
Ly mu kim tra cm quan khng sinh trc khi nhp.
21

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

KCS kim tra cht lng nguyn liu:
* Yu cu ca nguyn liu:
Tm cht c p trong thng cch nhit (thng phi bng nha) nhit
40C v c vn chuyn v nh my bng xe bo n hay xe chuyn dng ca cng
ty.
Ti nh my, KCS kim tra nguyn liu v cc ch tiu cm quan v khng sinh,
vi sinh, thng th c kt qu trong vng 5-7 ngy.
Kim tra sut x nguyn liu.
Khng sinh: kim chloramphenicol, trifluralin, enrocloxacin, ciprofloxacin,
Vi sinh: coliform, e.coli, samonela, singela,
Ha hc: cc hp cht sunfit.
Cm quan: mi, v.
Nguyn liu t s c tip nhn v tip tc a vo quy trnh ch bin.
2. Ra 1
Ra nguyn liu nhm loi b cc tp cht, cn bn, rong ru v vi sinh vt
bm trn b mt. Ra qua 3 bn: bn 1(ra s b) bng nc lnh nhit 4 0C, bn
2 ra vi nc c pha chlorine 100- 200ppm c h thng thi o sc kh, bn 3 dng
nc lnh sch v mui tm bng nc .
3. S ch
Nhm loi b vi sinh vt tp cht trong nguyn liu.
Phn chia phn n c v khng n c, hoc theo yu cu ca khch hng.
Lt b u tm, rt ni tng thc hin di vi nc (nc sch) chy lin tc
nhng phi m bo nhit thn tm t 0 <40C nhm trnh vi sinh vt ly nhim v
pht trin do u l ni cha, ni tng sau c chuyn qua bng ti dc, bng ti
ngang v c cng nhn dng st inox hng em ra 2.
4. Ra 2
Sau khi s ch tm c ra bng nc sch c , t 0< 40C v bn ra c nng
chlorine 50100ppm.
22

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Lm sch tm, tch loi tp cht ng thi lm gim lng vi sinh vt bm trn
thn tm.
Ngm : Sau khi ra, nguyn liu c p vy theo t l mt lp , mt
lp tm trong bn nha ln. Thao tc khi ngm phi nh nhng trnh lm tn thng
dp nt thn tm.
Mc ch ngm :
H nhit thn tm t0< 40C nhm hn ch vi sinh vt pht trin.
Lm trng phn tht ngm.
Trnh c tm b n hng trong qu trnh ch bin.
5. R kim loi
Sau khi s ch a nguyn liu qua my r kim loi.
Nu pht hin nguyn liu c kim loi, tin hnh m tm ly kim loi ra.
ng knh ming kim loi m my d kim loi c th pht hin c l
0,8mm.
6. Ra 3
Nc ra c nng chlorin 50100ppm nhm tip tc loi b vi sinh vt v
tp cht cn li trong tm v b nhim trong qu trnh s ch.
Nhit nc ra 40C.
7. Phn cphn loi
Phn c: nhm phn loi tm c kch thc ng u to iu kin thun li
cng nh v m quan trong qu trnh ch bin.
Phn loi: chia tm thnh loi khc nhau theo cc hng, c, mu sc ca tm v
mi loi c gi tr kinh t khc nhau.
* Phn c s b:
Tm bn thnh phm sau khi ra 2 c cho qua h thng phn c s b (h
thng trc ln c cc bng ti nh). Tm c kch thc nh ri xung bng ti trc,
tm c kch thc ln t t ri xung sau nhm lm nh nhng hn cng on phn c
bng tay ca cng nhn tip theo.
23

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Chn la tm c cng kch c thun tin trong qu tnh ch bin v bo
qun.
* Phn loi:
Sau khi phn c s b bng my, cng nhn dng cn in t 2 s, cn trng
lng tng con tm phn loi.
Tm chia 3 loi: loi 1, loi 2, loi 3.
8. Ra 4
Tin hnh ra 2 ln:
Nc sch, khuy o nh, nhit nc ra 40C.
Nc ra c nng chlorine 50100ppm, nhit nc ra 40C.
Sau ro nc nguyn liu.
9. Phn bcn
p ng size, cht lng, s lng cho tng loi sn phm.
p ng yu cu ca khu vc ch bin tip theo.
10. X l sau v
Tu theo yu cu ca khch hng m bc v tm hay khng. Nu bc v tm
chia 3 loi:
Lt PTO i vi tm c v mm, mu v xu, chn rong, (i vi tm c
t ui p).
Lt PD: lt b ui.
BOD: B ui cha ch lng.
Sau khi x l sau v, tm c cho ln bng ti, cng nhn dng r hng
em i ra 5.
11. Ra 5
Nc ra c nng chlorine 50 100 ppm, nhit nc ra 4oC, nhm
mc ch lm sch v loi b ht cc phn tp cht cn st li.

24

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

12. Ngm quay tng trng
Gip cho tm t kch c v trng lng ng theo yu cu ca khch hng.
Quay tng trng nhm lm tng trng lng, tng hng v c trng ca tm, to
bng p tng gi tr cm quan v gi tr kinh t.
Mt phn tm chuyn qua khu xp block, mt phn chuyn qua bng truyn
IQF. Ty theo yu cu ca khch hng m ta tin hnh x l ph gia hay khng. Trong
qu trnh x l ph gia, phi o nh cho nguyn liu thm u.
Nhng ph gia ny c B Y T cho php s dng.
13. Ra 6
Ra chlorin nng 20ppm, nhit nc ra 40C, sau ra li vi nc
sch chlorin khng cn li trong sn phm. i vi th trng Nht, M c th chp
nhn chlorin nhng i vi th trng kh tnh nh Chu u th khng ra chlorin, ch
ra bng nc sch.
Ri ro nguyn liu khong 3 pht
Mt phn nguyn liu xp block.
Mt phn chuyn ln bng truyn ng IQF.
* ng block
a.Xp khun
nh hnh cho block tm v ng thi to v thm m cho sn phm ng
block.
Khun phi c tit trng trc bng cch nhng khun vo trong dung dch
Chlorine nhm m bo khng cn vi sinh vt bm trn khun.
b. Ch ng
Tm sau khi xp block c bo qun t 040C trong kho ch ng, thi gian
khng qu 4 gi, khi s lng mi em i cp ng. Trnh m t cp ng nhiu
ln s lm tht thot nhit tng chi ph sn xut.
c. Cp ng
Mc ch ca cp ng l lm ngng kt lng nc t do trong sn phm, c
ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, ko di thi gian bo qun.

25

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

H thng ng tip xc c lm lnh bng kh gas lnh , nhit 40 n
440C, chm nc vo khun, nhit nc 4 0C, m bo nhit tm sn phm l
180C.
Sau ph manh PE ln b mt khun v tin hnh y np khun li. Np
khun cng lm bng vt liu khng r ging khun v c ra bng dung dch
Chlorine 20ppm trc khi y khun tm. Tm sau khi chm nc, y np th phi
nhanh chng xp vo thit b cp ng tip xc. Ti t ng tip xc, thc hin ng
cc thao tc k thut vn hnh thit b cp ng.
d. Tch khun
Sn phm sau khi cp ng xong ly ra khi t ng v c chuyn sang cng
on tch khun.
Nc tch khun l nc thng nhit t 30350C. Khi tch khun tho
ming PE ph trn b mt, p mt khun tm xung phi nh nhng trnh lm nh
hng n cht lng block tm, cng nh vic tch khun s d dng hn. Khi tch
khun thao tc phi nh nhng v nhanh trnh block tm tip xc vi nc lu nh
hng n b mt block tm, trnh p khun tm vo h thng tch khun cng nh
dng np p khun tm. V nh th rt d lm cho mc kim loi nhim vo sn phm.
* ng IQF
a. Ln bng truyn
Nguyn liu sau khi c ra v lm ro bng gin rung cho thng xung bng:
chuyn cp ng. Ti bng chuyn cp ng, cng nhn c nhim v bt mu v dn
ri tm cho u trn bng chuyn trnh tm b dnh vo nhau khi qua thit b cp ng,
to lnh ng u cho tng con tm khi i qua thit b cp ng.
b. Cp ng
Thit b cp ng IQF l thit b cp ng bng chuyn dng xon, nhit
bng chuyn 36 n 410C v thi gian cp ng thng khong 6 pht nhng cn
ty thuc vo kch thc tm.
Sau khi sn phm ra khi u bn kia, cng nhn s tch nhng con tm dnh
vo nhau .
Nhit tm sn phm sau cp ng m bo 180C.
26

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

c. M bng
Mc ch: lm cho b mt sn phm trn bng to v m quan, trnh mt nc
cho sn phm ng thi lm tng khi lng sn phm v gip sn phm khng b
chy lnh khi bo qun nhit thp.
Phng php: tm c nhng nhanh qua nc nhit 040C.
d. Ti ng
c tin hnh ti ng trong h thng ti ng, nhit < 270C.
Nhm lm kh lng nc trn b sn phm va mi m bng i v b mt sn
phm nhn thm nhit. Sn phm cn c ti ng m bo nhit tm sn
phm 180C trc khi bao gi v cho vo kho tr ng.
13. ng gi
Mc ch: nhm bo v sn phm, ngn nga s oxy ha cht bo, s nhim
bn, to s khc bit vi sn phm ca cng ty khc, gip sn phm c hnh dng m
quan.
Phng php: Tm c cho vo ti PE sau qua my ghp m.
14. R kim loi
Mc ch: nhm pht hin sn phm c cha cc mnh kim loi, loi cc sn
phm ny ra khi l hng trc khi tiu th ra th trng.
My r kim loi st (Fe 1.2mm) v khng st (Sus 2.0mm).
15. ng thng
S dng thng carton do kh nng bo v sn phm trnh tn tht do va chm
c hc, ngn sng tt, mt carton phng thun tin cho vic in n thng tin sn phm.
Sp xp sn phm vo thng ri cho ct thng li.
16. Bo qun
Nhm bo qun sn phm, trnh vi sinh vt xm nhp lm h hng sn phm
trong khi ch xut hng. Nhit bo qun 200C 20C.

27

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

PHN 2: PHNG TH NGHIM

A- CH TIU CM QUAN
nh gi cm quan l mt phng php khoa hc dng gi ln, o t, phn
tch v gii thch nhng thng tin v sn phm thng qua thu nhn ca cc gic quan:
th gic, khu gic, xc gic v thnh gic (Stone and Sdel-ASTM).
Trong nh gi cm quan v tm, ta s nh gi cc ch tiu khc nhau: mi, v,
mu sc v cu trc. Phng php p dng: PHP TH CHO IM THEO TCVN
321579.
C s phn cp cht lng sn phm thc phm da trn im trung bnh c trng
lng (TCVN 321579):

im trung bnh c
trng lng

Cp cht lng

Yu cu v im trung bnh
cha c trng lng
Cc ch tiu quan trng nht
4.5
Cc ch tiu quan trng nht
4.0

Loi tt

18.0 20.0

Loi kh

16.0 18.0

Loi trung bnh

12.0 16.0

Mi ch tiu 3.0

<12.0

Mi ch tiu<3.0

Loi yu

KT QU NH GI MU TM:
Bng m t ch tiu mu tm luc (tm ng lnh)
Ch Tiu

Mu Sc

Mi

im

M T

Mu c trng

Chuyn sang hng

hng nht

nht

khng u

Mi thm, tanh c trng ca tm

Mi thm nh
28

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Cu Trc

Mt dn mi thm, xut hin mi l

Mt mi thm, mi l nng hn

Xut hin mi hi kh chu

Ngt c trng ca tm

V ngt gim dn

Mt dn v ngt

Mt v ngt

V ng

C tht sn chc c n hi tt

C tht vn sn chc, n hi hi gim

sn chc gim, n hi gim

C tht mm, mt n hi

C tht mm nho

Bng im trung bnh cha c trng lng:

Ch tiu
STT

Mu sc

Mi

Cu trc

Tn thnh vin
1

Nguyn Duy Phng

Thch Linh Phong

L Vn V

Phan Quang Vinh

L Vn Thu

Ng Vn V

4.17

3.83

4.83

4.17

Trung Bnh

29

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Bng h s quan trng

Ch tiu
Mu sc

Mi

Cu trc

Nguyn Duy Phng

Thch Linh Phong

L Vn V

Phan Quang Vinh

L Vn Thu

Ng Vn V

Tng cng

20

11

21

1.33

0.73

0.53

1.41

Thnh vin

H s quan trng

HSQT = (Tng im 1 ch tiu*4)/Tng im 4 ch tiu

Bng im trung bnh c trng lng
Ch tiu

TBCCTL

H s quan trng

TBCTL

Mu sc

4.17

1.33

5.55

Mi

3.83

0.73

2.80

4.3

0.53

2.56

Cu trc

4.17

1.41

5.88

TBCTL

16.79

TBCTL = HSQT*TBCCTL
KT LUN: Mu tm t loi KH c th em ch bin hoc bn ra th trng.

30

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

B- CH TIU HA HC
BI 1: PHNG PHP PHN TCH CH TIU M
I. Nguyn tc
Cn mu cho vo cc s hoc nhm bit trng lng t cc vo t sy nhit
1050C n khi trng lng n nh( khong 4-5gi).Chnh lch trng lng mu
trc v sau khi sy chnh l m.
II. Dng c v thit b
T sy
Cc s (hoc nhm)
Kp
Cn phn tch
Bnh ht m cha cc ht Silicagen
Thc hin 2 mu, mi mu lp li 3 ln mu tm ng lnh, tng ng ta c 3
mu.
III. Cc bc tin hnh
1. Cn khi lng cc nhm, k hiu khi lng cc l T.
2. Cn khong 3g3.5g mu cho vo cc nhm, trng lng cc v mu lc ny
k hiu l W1.
3. t cc vo t sy n khi khi lng khng i (khong 24h i vi mu
t). C th sy:
+ 60-800C trong 2 gi.
+ Tip tc nng ln 100-105oC trong 3 gi hoc nhiu hn.
Mu ti c hm lng nc t do nhiu nn sy 2 mc nh vy lm cho
b mt mu khng c mng kh bao bc, nc thot ra d dng hn, trnh sai s.
4. Tt t sy, ch 10 pht, ly cc ra cn, k hiu W2.
IV. Cch tnh
Trng lng mu t: mw = W1-T
Trng lng mu kh: md = W2-T

31

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

W1- W2
%m = W1- T

*100

kh % Dr = 100% - % m
KT QU PHN TCH M MU TM NG LNH
Mu

Mu 1

Mu 2

T (gam)

W1 (gam) W2 (gam)

% m

%Dr

Ln 1

0.4163

3.6581

1.1291

78.01

21.99

Ln 2

0.5435

3.5784

1.0968

81.77

18.23

Ln 3

0.4426

3.7259

1.1834

77.44

22.56

Ln 1

0.4690

3.9556

1.2053

78.88

21.12

Ln 2

0.5058

3.7197

1.1790

79.05

20.95

Ln 3

0.4567

3.8390

1.1593

79.23

20.77

79.06

20.94

Trung bnh

32

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

BI 2: PHNG PHP PHN TCH PROTEIN
I. Nguyn tc
Protein l mt hp cht hu c cha Nit c cu trc phc tp. Nhng khi b thy
phn u phn hy thnh cc axit amin. Bng phng php phn tch Kjeldah c th
xc nh c nit tng s v tnh c lng protein th bng cch nhn vi 6.25
(i vi ng vt thy sn).
a. Giai on cng ph m trong mu:
nhit cao, cc cht hu c b oxi ha di tc dng ca H 2SO4 m c (c
xc tc). Cc gc amin b oxy ha gii phng NH3, NH3 tc dng vi H2SO4 to thnh
(NH4)2SO4 tan trong dung dch.
2NH3 +H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
b. Giai on chng ct:
(NH4)2SO4 tc dng vi NaOH d gii phng NH3:
(NH4)2SO4 + 2 NaOH Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + H2O
NH3 bay ln ngng t vi hi nc to thnh NH4OH:
NH3 +H2O NH4OH
Sau NH4OH s b hp th bng dung dch axit boric to thnh tetraborat
amon:
3NH4OH + 4H3BO3 (NH4)2B4O7 + 7H2O
c. Giai on chun :
Chun dung dch tetraborat amon bng dung dch chun H2SO4:
(NH4)2B4O7 + H2SO4 + 5 H2O (NH4)2SO4 + 4 H3BO3
II. Dng c v ha cht
- B my phn tch Kjeldah
- Bnh chun
- Bnh tam gic
- Cn phn tch
- Cc thy tinh
- H 2 O2
- H2SO4 m c

33

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

- Dung dch H2SO4 0.1N: pha mt ng chun H2SO4 vi nc ct thnh 1 lt trong
bnh nh mc.
- Dung dch NaOH 40%: pha 400g NaOH tinh th vi nc ct thnh mt lt
dung dch.
- Dung dch axit boric: pha hn hp gm 20g axit boric khan + 0.0065g
Bromocresol green + 0.013g Metyl red vi nc ct thnh mt lt dung dch.
III. Cc bc tin hnh
a. Cng ph m:
- Tin hnh phn tch 2 mu tm ng lnh lp li 3 ln v ly kt qu trung
bnh.
- Cn khong 0.5g mu tm ng lnh cho vo ng Kjeldah, t ng vo k
nhm
- Cho vo ng ln lt 10ml H2O2 v 10ml H2SO4 m c, yn 5 pht.
- t c k nhm vo trong b phn cng ph m. M vi nc v bt my.
- Chnh nhit 4 mc: 110oC trong 20 pht
200oC trong 20 pht
300oC trong 20 pht
370oC trong 20 pht
- Tt my, khong 30 pht sau tt my, ly k ra v ch ngui hn. Nu
dung dch trong ng nghim c mu trng l qu trnh cng ph m xy ra hon ton,
nu cn mu vng th thm 5ml H2O2 v lp li bc 3.
b. Chng ct:
- Kim tra NaOH, nc ct trc khi chng ct.
- t ng nghim cha dung dch cng ph m vo v tr h thng chng
ct m.
- Bn di h thng chng ct m t bnh tam gic cha 10 ml dung dch axit
boric 2% (mu m).
- Bt my, i khi xut hin ch P thi bm nt RUN.
- My chy khong 5 pht, khi ch END xut hin th tt. Dung dch trong
bnh tam gic lc ny c mu xanh.
c. Chun :

34

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

Cho tng git dung dch H2SO4 0.1N t ng buret vo bnh tam gic v lc
u, nh n khi dung dch va chuyn sang mu hng nht th dng li. Ghi th tch
H2SO4 0.1N va chun .
Lu : Ta thc hin km mu trng cng lc vi cc mu phn tch.
IV. Kt qu
Cch tnh:
%N =

(V V0 ) * 0.0014
* 100
M * % Dr

%CP = %N * 6.25
Trong :
V0: Th tch H2SO4 0.1 N chun mu khng.
V: Th tch H2SO4 0.1N chun mu ang phn tch.
M: trng lng mu (gam).
%Dr: % kh (% kh = 100% m ).
0.0014: S gam nit ng vi 1ml H2SO4 0.1N dng chun .
KT QU PHN TCH M MU TM NG LNH
M
(gam)

V (ml)

V0 (ml)

%Dr

%N

%Protein

Ln 1

0.4114

8.3

0.05

20.94

13.41

83.80

Ln 2

0.4487

8.75

0.05

20.94

12.96

81.02

Ln 3

0.4577

9.1

0.05

20.94

13.22

82.62

Ln 1

0.5053

10.25

0.05

20.94

13.50

84.35

Ln 2

0.4386

9.2

0.05

20.94

13.95

87.17

Ln 3

0.4638

9.2

0.05

20.94

13.19

82.44

13.37

83.57

Mu

Mu 1

Mu 2

Trung bnh

35

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

BI 3: PHNG PHP PHN TCH LIPID
I. Nguyn tc
C nhiu phng php phn tch cht bo khc nhau, nhng phng php ph
bin nht l phng php Soxhlet.
Dung mi cha trong bnh cu (Petrolium ether) c un nng bay hi ln v
nh h thng lm lnh n ngng t nh git xung thm qua ng len ng mu v ha
tan cc cht bo t do c trong mu. Qu trnh ny c lp li 15- 20 ln, tt c cht
bo c ly trch ra khi mu. Sn phm thu c trong bnh cu l dung mi v cc
cht bo.
II. Dng c v thit b
H thng Soxhlet
ng len ng mu
Bnh cu 100ml
ng ng 100ml
Cn phn tch
T sy
Petrolium ether
Mu tm ng lnh
III. Cch tin hnh
Nhm tin hnh phn tch 2 mu tm ng lnh lp li 3 ln ly kt qu trung
bnh.
Cn khong 0.5g mu (khi lng W1) sau gi li bng giy lc.
Sy 105oC trong 24h cn trng lng mu (W2).
Cho mu vo h thng Soxhlet c cha Petrolium ether bn di chy li trch
ly trch khong 20 ln lipide ha tan ht vo Petrolium ether, mu ca dung dch
Petrolium ether s m dn.
Sau khi ly trch, ly mu ra trong t sy nhit 60 oC khong 15
Petrolium ether bay ht, sau em cn mu(W3).

36

Bo co thc tp gio trnh c s

IV. Kt qu
Cch tnh: %Lipid=

W2 W3
* 100
W1 * % Dr

KT QU PHN TCH LIPIDE MU TM NG LNH

W3
(gam)

% Dr

% Lipid

Ln 1

0.5114 0.8690 0.8655

20.94

3.27

Ln 2

0.5513 0.8710 0.8693

20.94

1.47

Ln 3

0.5035 0.8616 0.8544

20.94

6.83

Ln 1

0.5433 0.8726 0.8680

20.94

4.04

Ln 2

0.5509 0.8827 0.8733

20.94

8.15

Ln 3

0.5543 0.8766 0.8658

20.94

9.30

20.94

5.51

Mu

Mu
1

Mu
2

W1
(gam)

W2
(gam)

Trung bnh

37