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: 2 = 
. C@*( "&B = vS [ :r' 
=  |a. = a Y . &w
. F$ :7 < *?&( Qbc b&@/ :r&@ -1
. 5 :7 < *?&( Qbc b&@/ :r&@ -2
. "Q - .)7G/ < G[ ?3 [ 
* t&b&@R " G -3
: 3 = 
16

: & AG(" )7G QbE b&@ KI

". f@ DY < ! [ F*" _*E  ./  [ Y$ ="
: 4 = 
: & AG(" )7G QbE b&@ KI
"._*E  [ F*" f@ DY <  ./ ! [ Y$ ="
=>, "6,-6

?3@ >AB
D47( kbc :? G kbc [ t G Ca. [ q6 
CL bc [ #6 Z"@ 
< .9[
" [*.. Ca a Tbc @[ L FR*&@R [ #6  [ .9[ t(*) G kbc t(FR*&@R)
tCa a Tbc < 3&U  ?3( .!( _ j. FR*&@R ).[ =- O *c * L = \*&" 
,- *D ?7 < FR*&@R ).[ FE * _L 2L  [ [ t). ! D&  @
:r7@
!!!!!

_L \76 < @$ 

  \z 2L [ [ ?B t7 * 4 S < FR*&@R @
. D4 = ?&" [ YI/ [ *D7" \@ *
. FR*&@
- A  = *"R FR*&@R ).[ =- O *c < )' G
* gJ L S tkbE [ 
[ ,?  q*D = !& q = Z . L E4m . F?&E [ 4w [ DDE q6 V&a tEJ[ ,?  b&.
:



 \9 6 D&  @

a. [ .G *G .v5B \4w[ 1I Tbc @ 2L & KD
#6 v9[ [ 8v a& FR*&@R =- O *c @ <
[ =! tTbc \4w[ =- a&" O *1 D& 
. FR*&@R = )7  Z ? = 4w
& " VY D&7 8 G < :& Ga( 7 q"&B < L*{  qGa( =
[ = *D& AG( L v a&" w Ca&! t_v a 
V- *& #6 t AG 0- *" t9
!!! _v a 
AG ,- *& [ tqRR*&@R = _v 
_*E v a& 6 8[ K7D _*E v a&
 = ,Q *Y R J " V.$ 3E  V-7G6 ?- Z [ ?
gy gJr(
3Y6 [ s1m
v a& =! tVE  V *3 )7G/ =Y Z [ VY 0&a
3Y/ =Y 6 .V?3a > AG` gJ )7G6
17

V&.! V17 a a D( "&! < v a&"
?&LR ]6 8 = .)7G Ca! R [ K7D R _*E
;VDz  ;V"y6  ;V\Q6  ;8v a& FR*&@R  ;v a& ?Y .X a [ Y6 
"4(
=>, "6,-6 
Cb& #6 F!9/ VQ = VQw6 H'( " H'" :8!  FL $ a &B < \Q
[ .3a 1I  EJ[ Q *3&  q\Q6 8[ v a& =- u*1&. ( ". 3j
:

. )7G/ R
3Y/ m$ < 37 * q Z J =- EJ[  p 3Y 8v a& FR*&@R
:

=>, "6,-6 C%D

: & q? < @@$ v a& q\Q6 E =!

/ *" H /
 *" i B] i *"
 B] a$ ! [ ( !&" !  )* !& ?& 0&- KY
L &ER V7& 0S" 0&-R -

.  & ?Y VY FD a. _l{/ *?&( q?

*
/ *" H / 8[ F$ \Q/ o$ j.
. C
: CL  dL 5?& q?- #6 KQ H / q B 6
A &
  Am
+ .D( A7& z?& .  q _L =  B q\Q/ a C ?Y
A & :R[
18

: CL *+ A & qam .
( #6 F3 = FD&.R L A & *L

Va  * . 8
3a( = ZI[ [ K@[ ! R[ 8[ fY! ! [ ([ CL [ Tautologie (1c < )G
*- `  
! R[ "L | " #6 R "L " #6 v' [ 8[ Q ! [ Va  * .  :w " B [ 1I ! [ CaJ-

[

8!Y




8[ *  ! [ . 3-." a a 2La( @@[ A & F4

  Am :.

5B[ &" gJr( Q v 5B[  E 5B[ EJ$ Q 3Y*L 4" $ Z&
. V6 VQ( 4 < J

+ :5
KI  _L C&D .Qbc 7 * K L4
+ v@ 2b 7 [ 8 =
: 5 a& q"D = G4. s
=z < 3   ZY KG
Q :7z "D( . 3?-* EJ$ p  m7 ?B ?! "D( .D(: "
[ 5 [ 3a [ - [ aG " &wR VQ[ V"'& VQ[ l"6 CL .D(
... &G
&. 5B[ [ !Y " .l( 8 = ! OE Tbc < ?3 
.D( g
" V7" V"'& VQ[ l"/  _L #6 kQ1( QE 3Q = ?3 [ ?B . [ !a _
" V7" &wR VQ[ (*E AG [ B&' *L[ [ L |a. [ 2D |a.) VJ
. V?w
A7& : w
: CL *+ A7& qam .V"'& VQ$ l"6 L A7&
19

,w&( *3 2 F

Y* Iw ! R[ m7 ! 9 . XDY *E fY =?I 7- B KI" s? O DG
v5! kb1 A7&"
D 8 = ]6 Tbc \7 @@[ !Y$ A7 ,- *D 6
.FY F
2? #6 Fm & E #[ E < ?+" 3Q&.6 
: 1 F5
C-?&QR & ( ,- <D5 & ( ,- 8
&GR & ( ,- . C@  & ( ,- : 2 F5
!3& ?  7" b&7?  7" = 3'?  7" . *  7" z?& :@
@
. &wR VQ$ l"6 L z?&
:

=>, "6,-6 

ED

CE C-I :r' !'" VD. 4 sI . gJr( _&. gQ )I?  E s7 -

=>, "6,-6 FG

2!&( B ]6 "vS Q[ =" R "q Q[ =" Tb
D Az :

.Z47( |a. 2D |a. Q( |a. D& R gJr(

20

v a& *7- &-R " gJr( w[ -


% 

&-R "  [ *L$ w[ . )7G Ca! R _*E v a& 53: "
#
.a a kL &B .:r' 
.5  a7 7 FE * Y :7  v a& 7 
15 i

Q R V.$ R[ XDY Qbc R  v a& i7 |7Q =?I Va7 =! :7 L
=  [ sI L t v a 3&4" ? i7 "C?-" :7 $ . tm[ w 7Q$
:. V.[ ,- :7 K & 8[) * *1& L .VY a( q VEm KI V&7" V&a
L) :7 A @ =! .:7 1& "D( < C-. vS V7- g& (CQbE R 8v a
T R & L =! tCQbE :. V.[ ,- :7 K & 7- 0a (Ca Y !96 @
R*&@R V&7" CQbE :. [ tCQbE R 8v a :. 6 FE$ B < 3Y V&J =- :7
:

37 * q Z J =- EJ[  p L 8v a& FR*&@R :9) v a& ,- B ?G
(K7D R _*E v a& ._*E aI bE 3Y  t)7G/ R
3Y/ m$ <
=! t v a 3&J  v a m7- @$ < CL :7 L < CQbc \7 m7- 6
: CL m7 _L .G |a. < ()7G/ *L) QbE (
3Y/ *L ( v a Q
z 3&a
:
  Am  $ v& v4w ] K 37! t[*( OE = CD )7G/ ZD R  _L [ E(
.V6 VQ( 4 < r7 gJr( &"  tVr'
 *  E EJ$ 
:
+   ,-$ .$ CQ > :\*9$ 
  * Y
Q .$ G- tCQ >" .$ G- :.$ \*9$ 
  \RhL " ?D qG * Y
Q . ,-$ .$" .$ G- t"
,- ?D Qbc V&7
K *Q !'" ?& :7 L < L4
+ v@ [ E( . D CE C-I :r' !'" VD. 4 sI < 2L@ L
  Am
:23a f@[
21

. 8v a& FR*&@R - -1
).[ CG" K .D 8v a& FR*&@R mw  -2
;w$ FR*&@R
;8v a& FR*&@R" 4( Tbc \4w[ CL  -3
;8v a& FR*&@R q\Q6 CL  -4
;8v a& FR*&@R q"y6 CL  -5
FR*&@R @ *7- 37 c gy  Zz( CL  -6
;8v a&
:

)*


: 1 = 
 KY* 2@" u*1&( R6  ./ |" :A & 
*r&@" & Ca a AG( H9

" VG&~
: 2 = 
" "&" R6 . .6 s R  ./ 6" :.D( 
*r&@" & Ca a AG( H9
:3 = 

[ q = bw L b: "
  Am 
*r&@" & Ca a AG( H9
". vS
:4 = 
: @7  v a 
*r&@" & a a AG( H9
=! w X =- v t|! ,- t" c * E vS 5 R" ". 8
Q
". w 2L 21+"
! tV < *E tV < Fz7 tVR < b@ t ./ L !L" ". *"[ 37- ,r& =  tm& < V& *"[ K' R " V".V AJ& d C&D vS Y 6 " -

22

95,-6 "6,-6
95,-6 "6,-6 
 < ?!E q*Q ]6 E tCB   w
v5B qzQ sa& [ L
:

. V" C! ] ,- ?!E qz+

. *-D [ .D #6 G = [ t
 #6 i = FD&.R L
. v5! VzQ < *Q ` CB ,- 2!c L
. B&' a" A& zQ qRE = 2? L

95,-6 "6,-6 C%D

[ =! .37 Ca!  K .5[ =- - CL q*D = CD&@R R*&@ < Z4. :R[
: 5$ _L !
:

 [ -?&Q [ J KG

q
39

E6 q4

.mw E

: F5 B 
Q p&w :.
;CG F5 L L
;V- 0&- "G v L L
;sI L L
;gJr? 2 L L
;R
V L
;V5 * .  Y 5 L
q*Q 6 QbE < 7 t@ [ 
 5[
Q
*- = *B :5
. 8[ [ *-D [ .D 8[ 5$ = 3Q&7&@ gy  qm L :"
: V&.
: Rz. [ 
m 6 ! CD&@R FR*&@R < D47( G : .D #6 F5( = Z47. 
m
23

(8[ [ *-G [ .G)  [ 2-[ G #6 mw G [ E = FD&.R" 7 s?
: V 5 .D = Z47. Rz.
?3&  qB@  4 ,- za L T] *D. a@ Y *-G = mw E *D
. Y*3& ( ?D [ *-D 5?& :r9 =
:

95,-6 "6,-6 6
H

.
3a 2?& *D 3Q t3&Em ,- 0&-R =! R q

39 [ KG *D .2?& #6 a  f  . = 3 " D&7. .E6 q4 = b&7& ( qm -

* -& R & ]6 .* *+ Ca a * -& R & = %80 :F5
. * *+ Ca a
. q
39 *D ZY& "" t" " [ a [  l" $ Z \@ tD \ 7 q
39 B 6 :F5
73( c  c "
u*E ?B :& FR*&@R"
D & KG #6 )Q 7 s& .& KG ([ I) V7- g& ([ u*E)
 &! * E 2!1 8! -
j. m ?B :F5 E @
= r& ( * [ CL D 4 _ @@$ 
( .c @
. G I B ,- 3D4 =!
95,-6 "6,-6 7 (0
:
  :G. #6 CD&@R FR*&@R 2 D7
:

,- 2!c #6 qz+ " ,- 2!c = =L FD&. L :G7 CD&@R FR*&@R *E zQ \D&@
*" VJD@ F?&ER F&w 0 FR*&@ L .C!
,- 2!c #6 qz+ K ,- 2!c = =L FD&. L
& CD&@R FR*&@R . dD Lp  < FR*&@ L .C!

24

95,-6 "6,-6 

ED
=  $ Z' VQ&  5B[ @ c *1 * = =$ Z' \D&@R VQ& :

G = V ! *Q *E R5 eY  .

W 8 8!Y L ` :& 8 *
V"  J 4 G R  )7G/ v&
*-  tr' 5B[ V tpB[  E 4 s7 KG q
3' 5$ 6
.
 8j7 4 .E[ V7- zb  L .gJr( _&. gQ ,: CD&@R FR*&@R Zz
- &( fJ q??&

 & 3&"G g " E/ q4(

*E

. m 4G V7- g&  gJr( 2D 5$ KG D"4
*-


% 

5$ = Ca!  K
2 ;sI ;V- 0&- "G v ;CG F5 L L :F5 B 
Q p&w
;V5 * .  Y 5 ;R
V ;gJr?
q*Q 6 QbE < 7 t@ [ 
 5[
Q
*- = *B

. 5$ = 3Q&7&@ gy  qm L

53: "
#
C@*( &! .:r' 
.  :r'  .C9R :. = .5 Da <
,3&. C9Y
 v CD&@ FR*&@
*r&@" IE*( EJ$ Ca. *{ .a a kL
,I t[ ,- " t
7 :CL XDY KG u = G4. 2 EJ[ E
#6
1&@R CJ L ."Ia _L ! KG B 6" :FD V.[ K tr' Q
l
. Ca! .E[ :G7 \D&@R $ tqI g[ <
& \D&@R
:

: 23a f@[
.CD&@R FR*&@R - -1
FR*&@R V-
D 8 [*( CD&@R FR*&@R V-
D 8 [*( " G -2
. CQ&7&@R
25

.CD&@R FR*&@R qRW " B][ -3

;CD&@R FR*&@R ).[ CL  -4
;CD&@R FR*&@R q\Q6 CL  -5
;CD&@R FR*&@R < D47( G p. AB -6
;CD&@R FR*&@R q"y6 CL  -7
;CD&@R FR*&@R @ *7- 37 c gy  Zz( CL -8
)
kbE + IY = EJ[ :K.
:

these = hypothse + arguments

: CD&@ FR*&@
*r&@" qEJ[ #6 & qIa FE

. Fz #6 C3&7 ^] ,- DS7( q?&

-1

. vB !'" q4 1&a7( qYD5 B

. qLB/ Iw q] :r'

-2
-3

. 1&  vS Y 6

. } & K7  CL ,?j qr'

-4
-5

.    :w CD- \7" q j7

-6

26

%
,@,-6 "6,-6
:

%
,@,-6 "6,-6 

tq*D ,-*  D =

*- [ G = tDG
mr&@  :r&  7L ? L . Z47( *-G CD ?B t" 37- k&7 b&. ,-* w[ G
. mw E < 37- &( k&7 *-D = [ ti #6
 = FD&. L :

%
,@,-6 "6,-6 7 (0

. 9 v 9 :-. CQ&7&@R FR*&@R :9( CQ&7&@R FR*&@R [ 5 t3 !-  D "D < 5 _*{ .*E *D = T&7&@R VY ! 8 L
:D *m = k&7& [ tY  .6 R :D B tY  .6 B :D *m = k&7&
\9 \?!c " :D *m \?!E \' "
: 9( vS CQ&7&@R FR*&@R DJ7( lQ t&*D < _E 4@[ B tq*D( =
*- = T&7&@R VY ! 8 L
. CI  8
m T&7&@R L t5B[ ! [ _*"
:

%
,@,-6 "6,-6 C%D

: q- u = (C!@! D) 9( vS CQ&7&@R FR*&@R !&

*-D = :p! *D(
m c = :S *D(

. &*D( q-&&@ =: b&7

: V&.
FR*&@R v c _L < .7B #6 z& q@G CL Q&7&@R qRR*&@R g[ 6
: & u5 qRc *E6 #6 CQ&7&@R
b&7 K p! *D(
b&7 K S *D(
p! *D( K S *D(
27

: CQ&7&@R FR*&@R qRW

FR*&@R  7.eY mw E ,- [* [ t*-G [ t 7DJ ?B V." FD =! ?. D CQ&7&@R
%
,@,-6 "6,-6 

ED

. D47( V&m V&G

g " Lp = D CQ&7&@R FR*&@R &D
:

%
,@,-6 "6,-6 FG

: & u5 1 ' Va&@" R6 11m ! R CQ&7&@R FR*&@R

p! *D( 1m
S *D( 1m
.b&7 &*D( " Cw* CD47(
b .R < 5?&( T&7&@R  8[ D47( G 1m
5B[ a7 ! *G 8 gJr( 8S R *G CQ&7&@R FR*&@ 8
 K"4 . '( @?(  c Lj("
.C37
 C4D V"J = K". _B/" @ E6 CQ&7&@R FR*&@R * -


% 
3&1m * B tV&Q _v  gJr( 2D p! *D( ? * p&w :

Qc *7- m YI6 

" a&E tS *D( 1m p&w . b&7 #6 q*D( = D&7. VQ` 8 FR*&@ Cw* CD47(
b .R p&w : 1 CD4 F5 : Fz& v CQ&7&@ FR*&@
VGa ?& H{ < 2@E - DG
 1I b37
?&- :p! *D( Ga& 1Q. ? B[ [ * [ :S *D( . DG
 1I b37
?&- C- gy :b&7 : b&7 K p! *D( < Fz& CQ&7&@ FR*&@
b37
?&- C- gy ]6 .VGa ?& H{ < 2@E - DG
 1I b37
?&- . DG
 1I
28

: b&7 K S *D( < Fz& CQ&7&@ FR*&@

. DG
 1I b37
?&- C- gy ]6 .Ga& 1Q. ? B[ [ * [ : p! *D( K S *D( < Fz& CQ&7&@ FR*&@
?& H{ < 2@E - DG
 1I b37
?&- .Ga& 1Q. ? B[ [ * [ .VGa
:2 CD4 F5
4w CL (C-  7" Fc L ?B) k7 ?&! 4& [ G t2 + A = a B"
= v5! |a7 = C- 2 D #6 g 7. *7- *& . S. =17Y !L ...8 =! ,"5` C- 2 D &. ?B ![ *w 2
V.[ t" .R =!" L V.[ r&. V" *&. :
15:

." 8 =! *E *  L _p&. tV4" aS. ?7 V7- Ca7. t4 &" ?B
14 :i a a kL &B < V'&7 C- = G[ z S :.

Nietzsche, Le gai savoir, in Oeuvres, Paris, R. Laffont, 1993, Tome 2, p. 59

: &QbE *E #6 :7 L 2 D7

Rz& Q&7&@ RR*&@ =?& :#$ Qbc *E
=! ,- 4w CL k7 ?&! 4& [ G t2 + A = a B :p! *D(
. 8
. k7 ?&! 4& > 2 + A = a C-: S *D(
. 8 =! ,- 4w C- :(Y) b&7
(
  * j.) Rz. VY   G - t@ RR*&@ =?& :.5 Qbc *E
Z"  FR*&@R b&. CL FR*&@R L *D
(8 =! ,- 4w C-) $ ....*& . S. =
: 23a f@[
. CQ&7&@R FR*&@R - -1
FR*&@R V-
D 8 [*( CD&@R FR*&@R V-
D 8 [*( " G
. CQ&7&@R

-2

. CQ&7&@R FR*&@R 36 Fz&  qRc B][

-3

29

;mw E ,- [* [ t*-G [ t Z4. *7- V@ FR*&@R = ). 8[
;CQ&7&@R FR*&@R q\Q6 CL 

-4
-5

;CQ&7&@R FR*&@R ).[ CL 

;CQ&7&@R FR*&@R q"y6 CL 

-6
-7

;CQ&7&@R FR*&@R @ *7- 37 c gy  Zz( CL 

-8

)*

: 1 = 

. b&7 S *D( p! *D( & Q&7&@R qRR*&@R < z
. q *w ]6 .q  .6 B
k7 Q
 > 2 + A = a B .2 + A = a C- 6

-1
-2

.  ./ ,- 4w !'

. 1b7@ ]6 .*3&W ? (!! *&7( L < -)  B F !

-3

: 2 = 
: & qRR*&@R < J = s1 z
q *w ]6 . .6 *w .q  .6 B -1
. q *@$ ]6 . .6 *@$ .q  .6 B
. q *@$ ]6 .E *@$ .q  .6 B

-2
-3

. q *@$ ]6 .q. *@$ .q  .6 B

-4

: 3 = 
: & Q&7&@R qRR*&@R < 4 = [
. 1 *a w*& ]6 .. Vm[ w*& .1 *a . Vm[  B -1
. v4w 2 ]6 .v4w \"3! .\"3B 7 .. 2

-2

: 4 = 
: CQ&7&@ FR*&@ < pB *D & q = - B Q
. Fz #6 C3&7 ^] ,- DS7( q?&
-1
30

. vB !'" q4 1&a7( qYD5 B

. qLB/ Iw q] :r'

-2
-3

. 1&  vS Y 6

. } & K7  CL ,?j qr'

-4
-5

.    :w CD- \7" q j7

-6

31

I3I3 "6,-6
1 +JKL +M 
D7'( E . ]6 .. 4D@ :`) !!! "
bc D- ...? EJ: "S( 5( <
(1
u*E .i V@E V. tV3Q ZU i VGE 8* "  B ! [ ,!U :5( G
 )B %( ]L &." :V FG ( G ,- V@ KIY V" c S&@Y  c Tw [
:

..R" :G V* FE aw c  = ( |QY ."! bc ]L 7E . @7 I&B
!!". 77 2!7 = E[ D.  )B.. 9E
,- ( V"QY ."!!!? EJ ..8*@ ..8*@: "FD -zY ? i c w
bY
" !!!
bc D-" :a
!! ?37" s R b&. g@ " G- 2D =(  5 Y
;?37" s R b&. g@ " G- G6 g7 d7! AB: Fh 
2 +JKL +M 

: F\ & @
< 'Y *?B
;3[  2& D 4 & gb& R ](
;1I 7 @[ %7L L

;@ D"@ qpw %7L L

;Z"@ 2& @  %7L L

;| *& < 3[  D 4" Z& @[ %7L L ;2& ?- 5& *E K [ 17 L ,- v!a& =! L ;17 L ,- v!a& ,? ]
: F\ & @
< 1{ *?B
;3[  2& D 4 b& & Q  @$ CL  ;& G = vB  "b&@R - 3E{  . $ L
;3@ $ L

;*D  $ L

32

;2& ?- 4 [ 17 L ,- v!a& =! L ;17 L ,- v!a& ,? ]
N3 "6,-6 

. q (" @$ X" ,-
D  !Y BE

.qI [ FY[ [ L m7- A& " b&. g@ qG- G6

N3 "6,-6 C%D

: &D J *Ee" !   FR*&@R <   G k&. [ b&. ]6 g@ :Rz. . 21Q vS ]6 )I #6 d vS j. :F5
. @[ [ g@ $ k&. [ b&. :
m

. )I #6 d Vj. $ 21Q vS :F5

N3 "6,-6 6
H
[ L D ."*I"  "K" D J [ tq  q"yR D J :p [ C? Tbc
:

. D& ( Ic t  "yR 3b&.  *D = G4. G [ I
. q *- ";](" @[ : @$    ,- 2D Tbc N3 "6,-6 C
:O0
 [ t V.$  :3Q] tb&7 < *D( |a. g CL tautologie: 1c -1
:

. v!a& K4& . R S *" V.$ !a

Q 9 S :F5.  ]6
2!&. [ :F5 .b&7  D. #6 [*( OE =
D g " b&. X" :CD47( G7&

-2

.  3&4" S $ m&. [ _7

D-...? EJ" :F5 .?37" s R b&. g@ " G- G6 :  A &

-3

".
bc
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