Biologia, Bratislava, 59/4: 425433, 2004

Chromosome numbers for some species of vascular plants from Europe

Olga Rotreklov, Petr Bure & Vt Grulich
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlsk 2, CZ61137 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: orotrekl@sci.muni.cz, bures@sci.muni.cz, grulich@sci.muni.cz.

ROTREKLOV, O., BURE, P. & GRULICH, V., Chromosome numbers for some species of vascular plants from Europe. Biologia, Bratislava, 59: 425 433, 2004; ISSN 0006-3088. Chromosome numbers are given for 16 species and one interspecic hybrid of vascular plants originating from the Czech Republic, Croatia, and Italy: Artemisia annua (2n = 18), A. pancicii (2n = 54), A. repens (2n = 16), A. scoparia (2n = 16), A. tournefortiana (2n = 18), A. verlotiorum (2n = 54), Cirsium heterophyllum (2n = 34), C. oleraceum (2n = 34), C. palustre (2n = 34), C. oleraceum C. rivulare (2n = 34), Eleocharis acicularis (2n = 20), E. ovata (2n = 10), E. quinqueora (2n = ca.136), Senecio aquaticus (2n = 40), S. erraticus (2n = 40), Triglochin maritima (2n = 48), and T. palustre (2n = 24). Chromosome numbers of 15 of the species were recorded for the rst time from the Czech Republic. Chromosome numbers of the species from Italy and Croatia were recorded for the rst time from these countries. Key words: karyology, monocotyledons, dicotyledons.

Introduction During taxonomical investigation within the framework of the project Flora of the Czech Republic we focused also upon the karyological research of the studied taxa. We concentrated on taxa with unknown chromosome counts from the Czech Republic (cf. MSEK & JAROLMOV, 1992). For counting the chromosomes of some rare and endangered taxa, we used material from other countries (Croatia, Italy).
Material and methods The plants were collected during the years 19962001 in their natural habitats and cultivated in pots in the Botanical Garden of Masaryk University, Brno. Root tip segments of mature plants (Artemisia sp., Cirsium sp., Eleocharis sp., and Triglochin sp.) or germinating seeds (Senecio sp.) were used for chromosome counts. The material was pre-treated with a saturated water

solution of p-dichlorbenzene at room temperature for 2 hours, then xed in a cold mixture of ethanol and acetic acid (3 : 1) for 24 hours. The xed material was treated immediately. The root tips were macerated in a mixture of ethanol and hydrochloric acid (1 : 1) for 2 min. at room temperature. Temporary slides were made by squashing the segments and staining in lactopropionic orcein. Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium of the Department of Botany of Masaryk University, Brno (BRNU). Localities are ordered from north to south and from west to east, in the list of localities abbreviation Cz was used in plants from the Czech Republic.

Results and discussion

L. 2n = 18 1. Cz, Brno: town district Star Brno, waste place, ca 200 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, July 1999.
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The chromosomes of Artemisia annua have not been previously counted in the Czech Republic. The chromosome number 2n = 18 was recorded from Slovakia (FERKOV in MJOVSK et al., 1974), Hungary (PLYA, 1949), Bulgaria (KUZMANOV et al., 1986), Russia (VOLKOVA ` S, & BOYKO, 1986), Spain (TORRELL & VALLE 2001), and from botanical gardens in plants of unknown origin (NAGL & EHRENDORFER, 1974). The same count was also reported by WEINEDELLIEBAU (1928), SUZUKA (1952), ARANO (1964, ` S XIRAU (1987), and TYAGI & 1968), VALLE DUBEY (1990). In Slovakia, A. annua is often found in elds as a weed, however in the Czech Republic it prefers ruderal habitats. 2n = 54 1. Cz, village of Pouzdany: Nature reserve Pouzdansk step, 300 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, June 1999 (Fig. 1a). This rst count from the Czech Republic conrms chromosome numbers published by EHRENDORFER (1964) from Austria (Lower Austria, Bisamberg Hill by Wien and Burgenland, village of Neusiedl am See, Kalvarienberg Hill) and Yugoslavia (Deliblat). It is one of the most rare Pannonian endemics and occurs in only 1720 localities: three of them are in the Czech Republic (South Moravia), one is in Yugoslavia (Vojvodina), and the others are in Austria (Lower Austria and Burgenland). Hexaploid Artemisia pancicii is morphologically and karyologically isolated from the related diploid, Artemisia laciniata (cf. EHENDORFER, 1964).

KOV, 1997). The name Artemisia repens Willd., based on material from Russia, is proposed for these diploid plants. All the studied herbarium specimens collected in the Czech Republic (FERKOV, 1997) resemble diploids morphologically. Based on both geographical and morphological dierentiation, we recommend classifying the cytotypes as separate species. The tetraploid level (2n = 32) was detected by LAVRENKO & SERDITOV (1991) in Russia (Autonomous Republic of Komi). This count probably belongs to another taxon from this aggregate. The tetraploid number 2n = 36, published by KAWATANI & OHNO (1964), certainly refers to a related taxon with x = 9.

(JANKA) RONN.

WILLD. 2n = 16 1. Cz, Praha: town district Stranice in the SE part of the city, cemetery, 245 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, September 1999. The chromosome number of Artemisia austriaca agg. was recorded for the rst time from the Czech Republic. This aggregate contains taxa with two ploidy levels. FERKOV (1997) predicted that plants from natural habitats in western Pannonia (Slovakia, Austria and Hungary) have hexaploid chromosome counts (2n = 48), and Central European plants from anthropogenic habitats are diploid (2n = 16). Diploid plants are known SKA in SKALIN SKA et al., from Poland (URBAN 1959), Slovakia (FERKOV, 1997), and also from wild populations in Bulgaria (FERKOV, 1997, KUZMANOV et al., 1986). Diploid plants dier from tetraploids by ower head diameter (FER426

W. & K. 2n = 16 1. Cz, distr. Havlkv Brod, village of Lede nad Szavou: rocks under the castle, 360 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, June 1999 (Fig. 1e). Our record is the rst counting from the Czech Republic and is in accordance with literary data reported by HINDKOV in MJOVSK et al. (1976) from Slovakia, KUZMANOV et al. (1986) from Bulgaria, KRASNIKOV & LOMONOSOVA (1990) and VOLKOVA & BOYKO (1986) from Russia, MURN & CHAUDHRI (1970) from Iraq, PODLECH & BADER (1974) from Afghanistan, KHOSHOO & SOBTI (1958), MEHRA & REMANANDAN (1969) from India, and KAUL & BAKSHI (1984) from the Himalayas. The same numbers have been published by CHUKSANOVA et al. (1968) and KAWATANI & OHNO (1964). On the other hand, some authors give various dierent counts: from plants cultivated in botanical gardens in Li` ege (Belgium), 2n = 18 (MENDELAK & SCHWEITZER, 1986) and Vladivostok (Russia), 2n = 36 (KAWATANI & OHNO, 1964). These counts probably belong to other related species which have a basic chromosome number x = 9, (e.g. to A. campestris). A. scoparia is a rare and threatened species, classied in the C1 category of critically threatened species of the Czech ora (HOLUB & PROCHZKA, 2000). It prefers somewhat anthropogenic vegetation; its occurrence in natural sites is very rare (e.g. in Podyj National Park, Southern Moravia). It probably belongs to the archaeophytes of Central Europe. RCHB. 2n = 18 1. Cz, Brno: Nov sady Street in the central part of the town, waste place, ca. 200 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, July 1999 (Fig. 1f).

Fig. 1. Somatic metaphases: a: Artemisia pancici (Janka) Ronn., 2n = 54, Pouzdansk step (Cz). b: Triglochin maritima L., loc. 1, 2n = 48, Novi Grad (Croatia). c: T. palustre L., 2n = 12, Hlubok (Cz). d: Eleocharis ovata (Roth) R. et Sch., Vodn (Cz), 2n = 10. e: Artemisia scoparia W. et K., 2n = 16, Lede nad Szavou (Cz). f: A. txournefortiana Rchb., 2n = 18, Brno (Cz). (Scale bars = 10 m; a, b, c = drawings; d, e, f = microphotographs).

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This chromosome number is the rst record from the Czech Republic for this species and conrms those given from Afghanistan (PODLECH & DIETERLE, 1969) and the NW Himalayas (KAUL & BAKSHI, 1984). The same number was also published by KHOSHOO & SOBTI (1958), KAWATANI ` S XIRAU & OHNO (1964), KOUL (1964), VALLE ` S (2001). Accord(1987) and TORRELL & VALLE ing to GRLL (1972), A. tournefortiana was rst found in the Czech Republic at Doudleby nad Orlic in 1964 and consequently in Frdek-Mstek (1966) and Brno in 1969. Southern Moravia is the center of its recent distribution in this country. GRLL (1972) considered this species to have been introduced with wool from Central Asia. In the BRNU herbarium it is documented in Brno from many places to which it expanded during the eighties. It also spreads 25 km south along the banks of the river Svratka during the last years of the 20th century (VYMYSLICK, 2001).

MOORE, 1973, 1977, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1985, 1988, GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON, 1994, 1998).

(L.) SCOP. 2n = 34 1. Cz, rsk vrchy Hills, village of Studnice: in the ditch along the road 1 km N of the village, 645 m a.s.l., coll. P. BURE, 28 July 1999. Our nding is the rst chromosome count from the Czech Republic and is in accordance with data reported in the surveys of published chromosome numbers (FEDOROV, 1969, MOORE, 1973, 1977, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1985, GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON, 1994). (L.) SCOP. 2n = 34 1. Cz, rsk vrchy Hills, village of Marinsk Hu (near the village of Herlec): meadow NW of the crossroads in the village, 680 m a.s.l., coll. P. BURE , 29 July 1999. This rst record from the Czech Republic conrmed data reported in the surveys of published chromosome numbers (FEDOROV, 1969, ORDNUFF, 1969, MOORE, 1977, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1984, GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON, 1990, 1994, 1998).
2n = 34 1. Cz, rsk vrchy Hills, village of Marinsk Hu (near the village of Herlec): meadow NW of the crossroads in the village, 680 m a.s.l., coll. P. BURE, 29 July 1999. This is the rst chromosome number record for this interspecic hybrid; the same number was reported by LAVRENKO et al. (1991) for the hybrid of C. heterophyllum and C. oleraceum. Hybrids of diploid (2n = 34) species of the genus Cirsium generally have the same chromosome number as the parental species; this was detected in many samples using ow cytometry (BURE, 2003 in press).

LAMOTTE 2n = 54 1. Cz, Praha: town district Stranice, rubble heap, 245 m a.s.l., coll. V. GRULICH, September 1999. 2. Cz, town of Choce: rubble heap, 290 m a.s.l., coll. P. FILIPPOV, September 1999. This chromosome number was recorded from the Czech Republic for the rst time. Varied counts for A. verlotiorum have been previously published. The same number (2n = 54, hexaploid from x = 9) was recorded by VIGNOLI (1945), SOKOLOVSKAYA (1960), KAWATANI & OHNO (1964), LIPPERT & HEUBL (1988) and JAMES et al. (2000). Hypohexaploid numbers of 2n = 52, 50, and 48 have been published by JAMES et al. (2000); the latter number was also mentioned ` S XIRAU (1987). The diploid number by VALLE (2n = 18) was counted by KAWATANI & OHNO (1964). A diploid chromosome number of 2n = 16 based on x = 8 was published by KAWATANI & AS & VALLE ` S XIOHNO (1964) and OLIVA BRAN RAU (1991). These counts probably belong to another species, related to A. vulgaris.
2n = 34 1. Cz, rsk vrchy Hills, village of Sklen: in the valley of the Svtnovsk potok Brook on the forest margin 1.2 km NW of the village, 710 m a.s.l., coll. P. BURE, 28 July 1999. This rst record from the Czech Republic conrmed data reported in the surveys of published chromosome numbers (FEDOROV, 1969,

DC.)

(L.) HILL

(L.) R. & SCH. 2n = 20 1. Cz, distr. Beclav, village of Lanhot: meadow NW of foresters house Dbravka 4 km SW of the village, 150 m a.s.l., coll. V. EHOEK, August 1996. The chromosome number 2n = 20 is in agreement with records published from the Czech Republic (JAVRKOV-JAROLMOV in MSEK & JAROLMOV, 1992) and with many other counts

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in surveys of published chromosome numbers (FEDOROV, 1969, MOORE, 1973, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1984, 1985, GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON, 1991). Chromosome counts 2n = 56 (3638, 5058) published by HICKS (1929) are unique among many literature records and belong probably to another taxon of the genus Eleocharis.

for morphologically similar Trichophorum caespitosum (the chromosome count 2n = 104 was reported by GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1984). 2n = 40 1. Cz, town of Pbram, village of Viov: valley of the brook 1 km S of the church, 420 m a.s.l., 1999. 2. Cz, SW margin of the city of Praha, village of eberov: meadow 0.8 km S of the S margin, 290 m a.s.l., 2000. 3. Cz, town of Vysok Mto, village of Horn Jelen: wet-meadow on the S margin of the village, 300 m a.s.l., 2001. 4. Cz, rsk vrchy Hills, town of Nov Msto na Morav: meadow between the Klekovec and Cihelna Ponds in the NW part of town, 600 m a.s.l., 1999. 5. Cz, rsk vrchy Hills, town of Nov Msto na Morav: meadow along the road to the village of Pohledec, 0.8 km SW of the church, 580 m a.s.l., 2000. All plants coll. S. VYLILOV. Our ndings conrmed data published earlier from many countries (FEDOROV, 1969, MOORE, 1973, GOLDBLATT, 1981, 1988) and from the Czech Republic (ZELEN, 1975).

HILL

(ROTH) R. & SCH. 2n = 10 1. Cz, distr. esk Krumlov, village of Chvaliny: pond SW of the village, 560 m a.s.l. 2. Cz, distr. esk Lpa, village of Stvolinky: Nebesk Pond 750 m NE of the chapel in the village, 270 m a.s.l. 3. Cz, distr. Pelhimov, village of Vodn: Vletinsk Pond SW of the village, 530 m a.s.l. (g. 1d). 4. Cz, distr. Strakonice, village of Uzeniky: Hlibnsk Pond 1.4 km NNE of the church in the village, 520 m a.s.l. Plants from all localities coll. P. BURE & I. BUREOV, July 1993. This chromosome number is reported for the rst time from the Czech Republic and is in accordance with published records from India (SANYAL & SHARMA, 1972). The same chromosome counts were also published by STRANDHEDE (1966) in plants of unknown origin from the botanical gardens in Lvov and Bucharest and from the Botanical Institute in Strasbourg. (F. X. HARTMANN) O. SCHWARZ 2n = ca.136 1. Cz, distr. Havlkv Brod, village of Hlubok: wet meadows on the SE shore of eka Pond, 560 m a.s.l., coll. P. BURE, June 1997. The rst counting of this genus was made by STRANDHEDE (in ANONYMUS, 1962) who found the number 2n = 132 in Sweden. The number 2n = 136 was published by SAUNTE (in JRGENSEN et al., 1958) from Denmark, as well as later by THIBAUD (1970) from Switzerland on the basis of meiotic metaphase. Similar numbers n = 66, 67 were detected by STRANDHEDE (in WEIMARCK, 1963, in HYLANDER, 1966) and by STRANDHEDE & DAHLGREN (1968). Chromosome numbers n = 23 + 0 3B , published by MEHRA & SACHDEVA (1975) from the W Himalayas, and 2n = 20, published by DAVIES (1956) undoubtedly belong to another taxon of the genus Eleocharis. The chromosome number 2n = ca.100 was published by KNABEN (1950) from Norway and 2n = 80 100 by LVE (1954) and LVE & LVE (1956) from Iceland. These chromosome numbers resemble published chromosome counts

BERTOL.

2n = 40 1. Cz, distr. Beclav, village of Milovice: along the road to the Nature Reserve Kiv jezero, 1.2 km ENE of the church, 165 m a.s.l., 2000. 2. Cz, distr. Beclav, village of Sedlec: meadow on the W margin of the Nesyt Pond, E of the village, 160 m a.s.l., 1999. 3. Cz, distr. Beclav, village of Lednice na Morav: salt meadow on the W margin of the Hlohoveck Pond, 4.5 km SW of the church, 170 m a.s.l., 2001. 4. Cz, distr. Beclav, village of Charvtsk Nov Ves: meadow on the SE margin of the village, 160 m a.s.l., 2000. All plants coll. S. VYLILOV. This rst record from the Czech Republic conrmed literature data reported in the surveys of published chromosome counts (FEDOROV, 1969, MOORE, 1973, GOLDBLATT, 1981).

L. 2n = 48 1. Croatia, Istria Peninsula, town of Novi Grad: seashore, Antenal Bay, 0 m a.s.l., coll. P. BURE, 10 August 1996 (Fig. 1b). Various chromosome numbers corresponding to dierent ploidy levels have been reported in T. maritimum agg. The most frequent chromosome number of Triglochin maritima s. s. in Europe is probably octoploid 2n = 48, which is reported from Slovakia (VCHOV in MJOVSK
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et al., 1978), Poland (SKALI SKA et al., 1961, BOHDANOWICZ & DABROWSKA, 1997), Rumania (TARNAVSCHI, 1948), France (LEVEQUE & GORENFLOT, 1969), Great Britain (LUQUE in DAVY & BISHOP, 1991, MONTGOMERY et al., 1997), the Netherlands (GADELLA & KLIPHUIS, 1973), Sweden (2n = ca.48, HEDBERG & HEDBERG, 1964), Scandinavia (LVE & LVE, 1942), Finland (AROHONKA, 1982), Iceland (LVE & LVE, 1956), and Schleswig-Holstein in Germany (WULFF, 1939). We found the same number in plants from the population at Antenal Bay, as the rst chromosome record of this species in Croatia. The diploid chromosome number 2n = 12 was reported from Rumania (TARNAVSCHI, 1938), and the tetraploid 2n = 24 from Spain (LAGO & CASTROVIEJO, 1993), France (LEVEQUE & SKA et GORENFLOT, 1969), and Poland (SKALIN SKA et al. (1961) also found al., 1961). SKALIN the pentaploid number 2n = 30 in Poland. The hexaploid number 2n = 36 was reported from France (LABADIE, 1976). From the extra-European regions, octoploid with 2n = 48 was also reported from Asia (HARADA, 1956, UCHIYAMA et al., 1989, KRASNIKOV, 1991) and North America (HEDBERG, 1967, VICKERY, 1970, MULLIGAN & CODY, 1973, LVE & LVE, 1981, POJAR, 1973). The hexaploid number 2n = 36 was found in Asia (ZHUKOVA, 1982). From the East Asia and North America there are also Triglochin maritimum chromosome numbers which correspond to high polyploidy levels: 2n = 80 from Primorskii kraj (PROBATOVA & SOKOLOVSKAYA, 1984) and near Novosibirsk (KRASNIKOV, 1991), 2n = 96 from the Queen Charlotte Islands (TAYLOR & MULLIGAN, 1968), and 2n = 100 (UCHIYAMA et al., 1989) and 2n = 120 (HARADA, 1956) from W Japan. It is not clear if these high polyploids belong to the same taxon of Triglochin maritimum s. l. as European octoploids.

MOORE (1973, 1974), GOLDBLATT (1981, 1984, 1985, 1988), and GOLDBLATT & JOHNSON (1990, 1991, 1994, 1996) in surveys of published chromosome counts. Dierent counts are relatively rare hexaploid 2n = 36 and tetraploid 2n = 24 were detected by TAYLOR & MULLIGAN (1968) in the Queen Charlotte Islands.
Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to I. BUREOV, P. FILIPPOV, and V. EHOEK, who collected plants. Our thanks belong to Simona VYLILOV, who collected and counted chromosome numbers in two species of the genus Senecio and to Sierra Dawn Stoneberg HOLT who did language corrections. This study was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (research project MSM 143100010 Spatial and Temporal Biodiversity Dynamics in Ecosystems of Central Europe) and by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (project 206/98/1545 Flora of the Czech Republic Vol. 7). References ANONYMUS. 1962. List of spontaneous seeds and other diaspores available in 1962. The Botanical Garden Lund, Lund. ARANO, H. 1964. Cytotaxonomic studies in subfamily Carduoideae of Japanese Compositae. XI. The karyotype analysis in some species of Artemisia. Kromosomo, Tokyo, 5759: 18831888. ARANO, H. 1968. The karyotypes and the geographical distribution in some groups of subfamily (Compositae) of Japan. Kromosomo, Tokyo, 7273: 23712388. AROHONKA, T. 1982. Chromosome counts of vascular plants of the island Seili in Nauvo, SW Finland. Turun Yliopiston Biol.-Laitok. Julkaisuja, Turku, 3: 112. BOHDANOWICZ, J. & DABROWSKA, D. 1997. Polyploidization of stigmatic papillae in Triglochin maritimum L. (Juncaginaceae). Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot., Krakw, 39: 6367. BURE, P. (2003). Cirsium MILL.-pch. In: Slavk, B. [ed.], Kvtena esk republiky. Vol. 7. Academia, Praha [in press]. CHUKSANOVA, N. A., SVESHNIKOVA, L. I. & ALEXANDROVA, T. V. 1968. Materialy k kariologii semeistva slozhnocvetnykh. Citologija, Moskva & Leningrad, 10: 198206. DAVIES, E. W. 1956. Some new chromosome numbers in the Cyperaceae. Watsonia, Arbroath & London, 3/5: 242243. DAVY, A. J. & BISHOP, G. F. 1991. Biological Flora of the British Isles: 172. Triglochin maritima L. J. Ecol., London, 79: 531555. EHRENDORFER, F. 1964. Notizen zur Cytotaxonomie und Evolution der Gattung Artemisia. sterr. Bot. Z., Wien, 111: 84143.

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Biologia, Bratislava, 59/4: 433434, 2004

FLORISTICAL NOTE

Cladonia metacorallifera (lichenized Ascomycota, Cladoniaceae) new to Poland and additional record from Slovakia
Agnieszka Kowalewska & Martin Kukwa
Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gda nsk, Al. Legion ow 9, PL 80-441 Gda nsk, Poland, tel. +48 58 341 03 60, fax: +48 58 341 20 16, e-mails: bioak@univ.gda.pl, dokmak@univ.gda.pl.
Cladonia metacorallifera ASAHINA is red-fruited lichen with largely corticated podetia producing squamules. The cups are at least at the tops decorticated and blacked. The thallus is yellow-tinged and contains usnic, squamatic and didymic acids in a typical chemotype. In the second chemotype (= var. reagens ASAHINA), squamatic acid is replaced by thamnolic acid (e.g. TNSBERG, 1975). The species was described by ASAHINA (1939) from Japan. Later, it was recorded from Alaska and Southern America. In 1975 the species was found for the rst time in Europe from Austria and Norway (see TNSBERG, 1975 and literature cited therein). Now it is known also from Estonia (RANDLANE & SAAG, 1999), Finland (VITIKAINEN et al., 1997), Germany (SCHOLZ, 2000), Great Britain (PURVIS & JAMES, 1992), Slovakia (PIT 1997), Sweden (SANTESSON, 1993), United States and Canada (e.g. ESSLINGER & EGAN, 1995). For Austria and Norway see also RK (2001) and SANTESSON (1993). HAFELLNER & TU During the revision of some Cladonia specimens deposited in the lichen herbarium of Gda nsk University we found two collections from Poland and Slovakia, which appeared to be C. metacorallifera. Both specimens represent typical chemotype. The species has not been previously known from Poland and is reported here for the rst time for this country. In Slovakia it was earlier known from only one locality in Velick dolina valley in High Tatra Mts (PIT 1997). Cladonia metacorallifera was found only in mountain situations at altitudes ca. 12501400 m (Fig. 1). Polish specimen was growing on soil, while Slovakian, including that reported by PIT (1997), on rocks. Probably the species is restricted to high mountains in Poland and Slovakia and might be more common in both countries as there are many available localities. It might also occur in Polish part of Tatra Mts as well as in Czech part of Karkonosze Mts.

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References ASAHINA, Y. 1939. Japanische Arten der Cocciferae (Cladonia-Coenomyce). J. Jap. Bot. 15: 602620. ESSLINGER, T. L. & EGAN, R. S. 1995. A sixth checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Bryologist 98: 467549. RK, R. 2001. Die licheniserHAFELLNER, J. & TU tien Pilze Osterreich eine Checkliste der bisher nachgewiesenen Arten mit Verbreitungsangaben. Stapa 76: 3167. PIT, I. 1997. Zaujmavejie nlezy liajnkov zo Slovenska 4. Bull. Slov. Bot. Spolon., Bratislava, 19: 6871. PURVIS, O. W. & JAMES, P. W. 1992. Cladonia Hill ex Browse (1756), pp. 188210. In: PURVIS, O. W., COPPINS, B. J., HAWKSWORTH, D. L., JAMES, P. W., MOORE, D. M. (eds.), The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The Natural History Museum, London. RANDLANE, T. & SAAG, A. (eds) 1999. Second checklist of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 35: 1132. SANTESSON, R. 1993. The lichen and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden and Norway. SBT-f orlaget, Lund, 240 pp. SCHOLZ, P. 2000. Katalog der Flechten und echtenbewohnenden Pilze Deutschlands. Schriftenreihe Vegetationsk. 31: 4298. STENROOS, S. 1989. Taxonomy of the Cladonia coccifera group. I. Ann. Bot. Fen. 26: 157168. TNSBERG, T. 1975. Cladonia metacorallifera new to Europe. Norwegian Jour. Bot. 22: 129132. VITIKAINEN, O., AHTI, T., KUUSINEN, M., LOMNI, S. & ULVINEN, T. 1997. Checklist of lichens and allied fungi of Finland. Norrlinia 6: 1123. Received Jan. 8, 2004 Accepted April 27, 2004

Fig. 1. Known localities of Cladonia metacorallifera in Poland and Slovakia; new; reported by PIT (1997).

The species can be mistaken for very similar Cladonia borealis STENROOS and C. coccifera (L.) Willd., but C. metacorallifera has podetia blackening at the tops (sometimes almost entire cups have blackish medulla) and microsquamulose surface, even in the cups. There is also dierence in the chemistry between these three taxa. All of them produce usnic acid, but C. borealis additionally contains barbatic acid, C. coccifera zeorin, whereas C. metacorallifera didymic and suaqmatic (or thamnolic) acids (e.g. STENROOS, 1989; PURVIS & JAMES, 1992). Specimens examined: Poland. Karkonosze Mts, Karkonoski National Park, ca. 0.5 km SE of tourist re zk zka Mt, near the boundsort Pod Snie a, W of Snie aries with the Czech Republic, alt. ca. 1400 m, open and sunny area, on soil, 07.09.2001, leg. M. KUKWA 1176 (UGDA-L-8150); Slovakia Vysok Tatry Mts, Tatra National Park, Bielovodsk dolina valley, S of Lys Poana, alt. ca. 1250 m, on stone, 17.8.1999, leg. M. KUKWA s.n. (UGDA-L-8151).

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