RANEEM 9B

Chemical reactions and enzymes.

What is a chemical reaction? Its a process that CHANGES or transforms one set of chemicals to another. Reactants: elements/ compounds that enter a chemical reaction. Products: Elements or compounds that are produced.

Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemical bonds that joins atom sin compounds. An Important chemical reaction in our bloodstream enables carbon dioxide from our body. CO2+H2O--- H2CO3

Energy sources: In order for to stay alive, organisms need to carry out reactions that require energy, because energy and matter is conserved in chemical reactions. Plants get energy from the sunlight. Animals get energy from plants and other animals. Humans release energy needed to grow tall, breath.. What is activation energy? Its energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Example: when you burn a paper the paper wont burn by itself you need to light it up with a match.

RANEEM 9B

It is the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur. ENZYMES what is a catalyst? It is a substance that speeds up the rate of the reaction. Catalysts work by lowering a reactions activation energy. Lowering the activation energy has a dramatic effect on how quickly the reaction is completed. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts (proteins that speeds up chemical reactions) Enzymes peed up the reactions that are in our cells. The enzyme that is in our bloodstream is called carbonic anhydrase. It speeds up the reaction by a factor of 10 million. 1. Each enzyme has an active site. 2. Enzymes are very specific 3. Enzymes are recycled. A substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. (the reactant)

RANEEM 9B

Enzymes can be affected by any variable that influences a chemical reaction. Temperature, PH and regularity molecules can affect enzymes. Enzymes play important roles in controlling chemical pathways. Enzymes work generally work best at the temperature close to 37 degrees. (Normal temp. of human body)