Del Fos 0028

Av.
Santa Fe 2206 Piso 2

- Capital Federal C1123AAR - Argentina
Horario de atencin: Lunes a Viernes de 8:30 a 23:00 hs. / Sbado de 9:00 a 21:00 hs.
Tel/Fax.: 4823-9334 / 4821-3353 (Lneas Rotativas)
E-mail: info@delfosweb.com.ar Web: www.delfosweb.com.ar
Secundarios - CBC - Universitarios - Informtica - Idiomas
CENTRO DE CAPACITACION
Apunte Nro 0028
DERIVADAS POR DEFINICION

Derivada de una constante: f x k ( ) =

lim
f x x f x
x
lim
k k
x
lim
x
x x x

+
=

= =
0 0 0
0
0
( ) ( )

Derivada de x : f x x ( ) =

lim
f x x f x
x
lim
x x x
x
lim
x
x
lim
x x x x

+
=
+
= = =
0 0 0 0
1 1
( ) ( )

Derivada de la raz cuadrada de x: f x x ( ) =

lim
f x x f x
x
lim
x x x
x
lim
x x x
x
x x x
x x x
lim
x x x
x x x x
x x x x

+
=
+
=
+ + +
+ +
=
+
+ +
=
0 0 0 0
( ) ( )
*
. ( )
=
+ +
=
+ +
=

lim
x
x x x x
lim
x x x x
x x

0 0
1 1
2 ( )

Derivada de 1/x: f x
x
( ) =
1

lim
x x x
x
lim
x x x
x x x
x
lim
x x x
x x x x
lim
x
x x x x
lim
x x x x
x x x x x

+

=
+
+
=

+
=

+
=

+
=

0 0 0 0 0
2
1 1
1 1
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

Av. Santa Fe 2206 Piso 2

Apunte Nro 0028
Derivada de x
2
: f x x ( ) =
2

lim
x x x
x
lim
x x x x x
x
lim
x x x
x
x x x

+
=
+ +
=
+
=
0
2 2
0
2 2 2
0
2
2 2 ( ) . . . .

( )
( ) lim
x x x
x
lim x x x
x x

+
= + =
0 0
2
2 2
. .
. .

Derivada de la suma: f x u x v x f x u x v x ( ) ( ) ( ) ' ( ) ' ( ) ' ( ) = + = +

( ) ( )
lim
f x x f x
x
lim
u x x v x x u x v x
x
lim
u x x v x x u x v x
x
x x x

+
=
+ + + +
=
+ + +
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

lim
u x x u x v x x v x
x
lim
u x x u x
x
lim
v x x v x
x
u x v x
x x x

+ + +
=
+
+
+
= +
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' ( ) ' ( )

Derivada de la resta: f x u x v x f x u x v x ( ) ( ) ( ) ' ( ) ' ( ) ' ( ) = =

( ) ( )
lim
f x x f x
x
lim
u x x v x x u x v x
x
lim
u x x v x x u x v x
x
x x x

+
=
+ +
=
+ + +
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )
lim
u x x u x v x x v x
x
lim
u x x u x
x
lim
v x x v x
x
u x v x
x x x

+ +
=
+

+
=
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
'( ) '( )


Apunte Nro 0028
Regla de la cadena: ( )
| |
( ) f g x f g x g x ( ) ' ( ) . ' ( )
=

.
| | | | | | | |
lim
f x x f x
x
lim
f g x x f g x
x
lim
f g x x f g x
x
g x x g x
g x x g x
x x x

+
=
+
=
+
+
+
0 0 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

.
| | | |
| |
lim
f g x x f g x
g x x g x
g x x g x
x
f g x g x
x

+
+
+
=
0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
.
( ) ( )
( ) . '( )

Derivada de logaritmo natural de x: f x x ( ) ln( ) =

Vamos a usar las siguientes propiedades del logaritmo:
1) ln( ) ln( ) ln A B
A
B
=
|
\
|
.
|

2) B A A
B
. ln( ) ln( ) =
3) lim
x
e
x
x
+
|
\
|
.
|
=
0
1
1

4) ln( ) e = 1

lim
x x x
x
lim
x x
x
x
lim
x
x
x
lim
x
x
x
lim
x
x
x x x x x
x

+
=
+ |
\
|
.
|
=
+
|
\
|
.
|
= +
|
\
|
.
|
= +
|
\
|
.
|
|
|
=
0 0 0 0 0
1
1
1
1 1
1 ln( ) ln( )
ln ln
.ln ln
= +
|
\
|
.
|
|
|
|
= +
|
\
|
.
|
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
= +
|
\
|
.
|
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
= = =

lim
x
x
lim
x
x
lim
x
x
e
x
e
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
ln ln ln ln ln( )


Apunte Nro 0028
Derivas aplicando diferenciacin logartmica

f(x) x f' (x) n. x
n n 1
= =

f x x
f x x
f x n x
f x
f x n
x
f x n
x
f x
f x n
x
x n x
n
n
n
( )
ln( ( )) ln( )
ln( ( )) . ln( )
( )
. ' ( ) .
' ( ) . . ( )
' ( ) . . .
=
=
=
=
=
= =

1 1
1
1
1

| | | |
y f(x) y' n. f(x) . f' (x)
n n 1
= =

| |
| |
| |
y f x
y f x
y n f x
y
y n
f x
f x
y n
f x
f x y
y n
f x
f x f x n f x f x
n
n
n
=
=
=
=
=
= =

( )
ln( ) ln( ( ) )
ln( ) . ln( ( ))
. ' .
( )
. ' ( )
' .
( )
. ' ( ).
' .
( )
. ' ( ). ( ) . ( ) . ' ( )
1 1
1
1 1

y a y a a
x x
= = ' . ln( )

y a
y a
y x a
y
y a
y a y
y a a
x
x
x
=
=
=
=
=
=
ln( ) ln( )
ln( ) . ln( )
. ' . ln( )
' ln( ).
' ln( ).
1
1


Apunte Nro 0028

y e y' e
x x
= =

Se resuelva igual que el caso anterior. Pero como ln(e)=1, resulta y=e
x
.

y a y' a . ln(a). f' (x)
f(x) f(x)
= =

y a
y a
y f x a
y
y f x a
y f x a y
y f x a a
f x
f x
f x
=
=
=
=
=
=
( )
( )
( )
ln( ) ln( )
ln( ) ( ). ln( )
. ' ' ( ). ln( )
' ' ( ). ln( ).
' ' ( ). ln( ).
1

y e y' e . f' (x)
f(x) f(x)
= =

Se resuelva igual que el caso anterior. Pero como ln(e)=1, resulta y=e
f(x)
.f(x)

| | | |
y f(x) y' g' (x). ln(f(x)) g(x).
1
f(x)
. f' (x) . f(x)
g(x) g(x)
= = +
(

| |
| |
| |
| |
y f x
y f x
y g x f x
y
y g x f x g x
f x
f x
y g x f x g x
f x
f x y
y g x f x g x
f x
f x f x
g x
g x
g x
=
=
=
= +
= +
(
= +
(
( )
ln( ) ln ( )
ln( ) ( ). ln( ( ))
. ' ' ( ). ln( ( )) ( ).
( )
. ' ( )
' ' ( ). ln( ( )) ( ).
( )
. ' ( ) .
' ' ( ). ln( ( )) ( ).
( )
. ' ( ) . ( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
1
1


Apunte Nro 0028

Regla del producto: y u(x). v(x) y' u' (x). v(x) u(x). v' (x) = = +

y u x v x
y u x v x
y l u x v x
y
y
u x
u x
v x
v x
y
u x
u x
v x
v x y
y
u x
u x
v x
v x u x v x
y
u x
u x u x v x
v x
v x u x
=
=
= +
= +
= +
|
\
|
.
|
= +
|
\
|
.
|
= +
( ). ( )
ln( ) ln( ( ). ( ))
ln( ) ( ( )) ln( ( ))
. '
( )
. ' ( )
( )
. ' ( )
'
( )
. ' ( )
( )
. ' ( ) .
'
( )
. ' ( )
( )
. ' ( ) . ( ). ( )
'
( )
. ' ( ). ( ). ( )
( )
. ' ( ). (
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
). ( )
' ' ( ). ( ) ' ( ). ( )
v x
y u x v x v x u x = +

Deduccin de la regla del cociente: y
u(x)
v(x)
y'
u' (x). v(x) u(x). v' (x)
v (x)
2
= =

y
u x
v x
y
u x
v x
y l u x v x
y
y
u x
u x
v x
v x
y
u x
u x
v x
v x y
y
u x
u x
v x
v x
u x
v x
y
u x
u x
u x
v x v x
v
=
=
|
\
|
.
|
=
=
=
|
\
|
.
|
=
|
\
|
.
|
=
( )
( )
ln( ) ln
( )
( )
ln( ) ( ( )) ln( ( ))
. '
( )
. ' ( )
( )
. ' ( )
'
( )
. ' ( )
( )
. ' ( ) .
'
( )
. ' ( )
( )
. ' ( ) .
( )
( )
'
( )
. ' ( ).
( )
( ) ( )
. ' (
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
x
u x
v x
y
u x
v x
v x u x
v x
u x v x v x u x
v x
).
( )
( )
'
' ( )
( )
' ( ). ( )
( )
' ( ). ( ) ' ( ). ( )
( )
= =

2 2


Apunte Nro 0028
Derivida del seno de x:

Vamos a usar la siguiente relacin trigonomtrica

sen sen sen . cos a b
a b a b
=
|
\
|
.
|
+ |
\
|
.
|
2
2 2

lim
x x x
x
lim
x x x x x x
x
lim
x x x
x
x x x

+
=
+ |
\
|
.
|
+ + |
\
|
.
|
=
|
\
|
.
|
+ |
\
|
.
|
=
0 0 0
2
2 2 2
2
2
2
sen( ) sen( )
sen . cos sen . cos

lim
x
x
lim
x x
lim
x x x
x
x x x

|
\
|
.
|
|
|
+ |
\
|
.
|
=
+ |
\
|
.
|
=
|
\
|
.
|
=
0 0 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
sen( )
. cos
( )
cos
( )
cos cos( )

Contraejemplo para demostrar que la continuidad de una funcin no implica su
derivabilidad:

F(x)= x
1)Demostramos que es contnua en x=0

lim x
F
x
= =
= =

`
)
0
0 0
0 0 0 ( )
es contnua en x=0

2) Demostramos que no es derivable en x=0

F x lim
F x h F x
h
lim
F h F
h
lim
h
h
lim
h
h
lim
h
h
h h h
h
h
' ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
=
+
=

= =
=
=
+
0 0 0
0
0
0
1
1

Por el teorema de unicidad del lmite, si el lmite existe, debe ser nico. Por lo tanto este lmite
no existe, o sea que F(x) no es derivable en x=0

Del Fos 0028

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Del Fos 0028

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Av.

Santa Fe 2206 Piso 2

You might also like