8/25/2012

Gii thiu

Tng quan v cc h CSDL

C s d liu nng cao

CSDL phn tn CSDL suy din CSDL hng i tng

Nguyn Kim Anh anhnk-fit@mail.hut.edu.vn B mn H thng Thng tin, SoICT

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OLAP

M u
Cc h CSDL quan h c in, tp trung thu c nhng thnh tu to ln v c phng din l thuyt v thc hnh. Mt s hn ch ca CSDL quan h: ng ngha ca m hnh quan h cha phong ph, vic qun l cc d liu ng v phc tp km hiu qu, vn khai thc d liu hn ch v khng ph hp vi cc t chc x nghip c quy m ln v rt ln Mt s hng nghin cu m rng c xut: CSDL phn tn, CSDL suy din, CSDL hng i tng, OLAP,

Ti liu tham kho

J.D.Ullman, Principle of Knowledge-base and Database Systems, 1988. W.Kim, Introduction to Object-Oriented Database Systems S.Ceri&G.Pelagatti, Distributed Databases, Principles&Systems, 1984. M.T. zsu & P. Valduriez, Principles of Distributed Database Systems. Prentice-Hall, 1999.
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Chng 1. Tng quan v cc h CSDL

Cc h x l tp truyn thng Cc h CSDL Cc vn quan tm khi thit k, xy dng h CSDL Cc xu th pht trin trong lnh vc CSDL

Cc h x l tp truyn thng
Cch tin hnh:
Tin hc ha tng phn: tp chng trnh ng dng v tp d liu ng vi cc ng dng c tin hc ha Khng k tha v s dng li c cc chng trnh ng dng v cc tp c

Nhc im:
D tha d liu khng m bo tnh nht qun d liu Cc chng trnh ng dng l ph thuc d liu

Cc h CSDL
Cc thnh phn ca 1 h CSDL Phn loi cc h CSDL Li ch ca cc h CSDL

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Cc thnh phn ca 1 h CSDL

CSDL hp nht:
khng d tha v c s dng chung

Ngi s dng :
ngi lp trnh ng dng vit cc chng trnh ng dng ngi phn tch d liu ngi dng cui

Phn mm DBMS Phn cng

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Phn loi cc h CSDL

Theo m hnh d liu
H CSDL quan h H CSDL mng H CSDL phn cp H CSDL hng i tng

Phn loi cc h CSDL

Theo qui m x nghip
Cc h CSDL tp trung
H CSDL c nhn H CSDL trung tm H CSDL Client/Server

Cc h CSDL phn tn
H CSDL phn tn thun nht H CSDL phn tn khng thun nht

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Phn loi cc h CSDL

Theo nhu cu truy cp v khai thc CSDL
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) KDD (Knowledge Discovery from Databases)

Li ch ca cc h CSDL
Qun l x nghip mt cch h thng p dng cc tiu chun thng nht i vi ton x nghip Gim d tha d liu, trnh s khng nht qun d liu m bo tnh c lp d liu i vi cc chng trnh ng dng Cho php nhiu ngi s dng truy cp v khai thc CSDL ng thi
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Cc vn quan tm khi thit k, xy dng h CSDL

Thit k CSDL cho x nghip
Xc nh tp cc d liu tc nghip ca x nghip cn lu tr trong CSDLXy dng ERD-biu din th gii thc mc khi nim La chn m hnh d liu Thit k v chun ha CSDL

Cc vn quan tm khi thit k, xy dng h CSDL

To lp CSDL cho x nghip
Thu thp tp cc d liu tc nghip ca x nghip cn lu tr trong CSDL (CSDL c th cha cc d liu r chnh xc, d liu m khng chnh xc, khng chc chnCSDL cha thng tin y hay cha thng tin khng y v x nghip) La chn DBMS ng vi m hnh d liu chn nh ngha CSDL v to lp CSDL s dng DBMS chn
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Cc vn quan tm khi thit k, xy dng h CSDL

T chc lu tr vt l
T chc tp bm T chc tp ch dn T chc cy cn bng

Cc vn quan tm khi thit k, xy dng h CSDL

X l v ti u ha cu hi
Da trn i s quan h (SQH) v Cc php bin i tng ng ca SQH Da trn ng ngha

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Cc vn quan tm khi thit k, xy dng h CSDL

Qun tr giao dch v iu khin tng tranh
K thut kha K thut gn nhn thi gian

Cc xu th pht trin trong lnh vc CSDL

S pht trin v qui m ca t chc, x nghip:
a bn hot ng rng ln ti nhiu v tr khc nhau S ngi s dng tng nhanh v sc p t ngi s dng v quyn t tr ca ngi s dng CSDL rt ln H CSDL phn tn

Giao din truy vn

Giao din da trn ngn ng lnh Giao din da trn form Giao din ha Giao din ngn ng t nhin

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Cc xu th pht trin trong lnh vc CSDL

S phong ph v a dng ca cc d liu trong CSDL - D liu khng c cu trc cht ch
- Mi quan h rng buc gia cc d liu phc tp v chng cho H CSDL hng i tng

S pht trin v nhu cu khai thc cc CSDL

H CSDL suy din: suy din ra cc s kin mi OLAP: phn tch tng hp d liu Pht hin tri thc t cc CSDL rt ln

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