9/19/2012

Ni dung
Chng II Cc h c s d liu phn tn
Nguyn Kim Anh anhnk-fit@mail.hut.edu.vn B mn H thng Thng tin, SoICT
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Tng quan v cc h CSDLPT Phn on d liu Biu din cc yu cu vi cc mc trong sut khc nhau Thit k CSDLPT X l v ti u ha truy vn phn tn Qun tr giao dch v iu khin tng tranh
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Giao dch
Giao dch bao gm mt tp cc thao tc m c x l nh mt n v khng chia ct c
m bo tnh nht qun Trong sut i vi s thc hin ng thi c cnh tranh Trong sut i vi cc li

Cc tnh cht ca giao dch

Nguyn t (Atomicity)mt giao dch l mt n v thc hin nguyn thoc tt c cc thao tc c thc hin hoc khng mt thao tc no c thc hin Nht qun (Consistency preservation)mt giao dch lun lun bin i CSDL t mt trng thi nht qun ny n mt trng thi nht qun khc c lp (Isolation)mt giao dch cn c thc hin mt cch c lp vi cc giao dch khc cc kt qu b phn ca mt giao dch cha hon thnh l khng th thy c i vi cc giao dch khc Bn vng (Durability or permanency)cc kt qu (cc cp nht) ca mt giao dch hon thnh c ghi nhn mt cch bn vng trong CSDL cc cp nht khng b mt i d c cc li xy ra.

Giao dch phn tn l mt giao dch yu cu thc hin trn nhiu trm ca mng

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Cc cu trc giao dch

Cu trc phng
Begin_transaction T1(); T2(); End_transaction
Begin_transaction Begin_transaction T1 Begin_transaction T2 T3(); End_transaction T2 End_transaction T1 End_transaction

Kin trc tham chiu

Cu trc lng

S thc hin giao dch tp trung

S thc hin giao dch phn tn

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Cc thut ton iu khin tng tranh

Bi quan
Giao thc kha 2 pha Giao thc da trn nhn thi gian Lai

Giao thc kha 2 pha (Two-Phase locking-2PL)

Lc quan
Da trn k thut kha Da trn nhn thi gian

2PL phn tn

2PL tp trung

LM (Lock Manager) DP (Data Processor)

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Giao thc da trn nhn thi gian (Timestamp Ordering-TO)

2PL l n gin v m bo tnh kh tun t, tuy nhin, k thut kha c th gim hiu nng h thng v c th gy ra kha cht Giao thc da trn nhn thi gian khng c gng m bo tnh kh tun t da trn kim sot c on vi thao tc kha n khng gy ra kha cht Lut TO: Vi 2 thao tc mu thun Oij and Okl thuc giao dch Ti v Tk (Tk tr hn vi nhn ln hn), Oij c thc hin trc Okl nu v ch nu ts(Ti) < ts(Tk)

Thut ton TO c bn
Giao dch (Ti) c gn mt nhn thi gian duy nht tng th ts(Ti) TM gn nhn cho tt c cc thao tc c pht ra bi Ti Mi mc d liu c gn mt nhn c v mt nhn ghi:
rts(x), wts(x)

for Rt(x)
If ts(Tt) < wts(x) then reject Rt(x) else accept Rt(x) rts(x) <- ts(Tt)

for Wt(x)
if ts(Tt) < rts(x) and ts(Tt) < wts(x) then reject Wt(x) else accept Wt(x) wts(x) <- ts(Tt)

Thut ton TO c bn
Thut ton TO c bn l n gin v khng c kha cht. Nhc im ca TO l vic khi ng li tim tng ca giao dch nhiu ln. Vic gn mt nhn thi gian duy nht tng th i vi mi giao dch l mt vn khng n gin.

Thut ton TO thn trng

Thut ton TO thn trng c gng gim thiu cc thao tc khi ng li Thut ton TO thn trng tr hon li mi thao tc cho ti khi c mt s m bo rng giao dich cha n s khng phi khi ng li

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Qun l kha cht

Mt s cch gii quyt vn kha cht: ngn chn, trnh, d tm v gii quyt. Ngn chn kha cht khng d thc hin v n cn phi c th tun t y . Mt cch tip cn trnh kha cht ni ting trong cc H iu hnh l Wait-Die &WoundDie.

Wait-Die & Wound-Wait

Tip cn d tm kha cht

Bi ton d tm kha cht l NP-y tm ra cnh c chi ph ti thiu vi vic ph v chu trnh kha cht. Cn xy dng th i a phng (Local wait-for graph) v th i tng th (Global wait-for graph) d tm cc kha cht phn tn lin quan n nhiu trm. Cc cu trc ca thut ton d tm kha cht:
Tp trung Phn tn Phn cp

Giao thc chuyn giao 2 pha (Two-Phase Commit Protocol-2PC)

Cc giao thc chuyn giao:
iu khin s thc hin chuyn giao i vi cc giao dch phn tn m bo tnh nguyn t v tnh bn vng

Lut chuyn giao tng th: hoc tt c hoc khng . Pha 1: Xc nh mt quyt nh chung cho tt c cc thnh vin ti cc trm thc hin giao dch phn tn Pha 2: Ci t quyt nh chung ti cc trm thc hin giao dch phn tn
B iu phi (Coordinator) Cc thnh vin (Participants)

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2PC tp trung

2PC tuyn tnh

2PC phn tn

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Cc trng thi ca giao dch trong 2PC

S tc nghn

Cc vn i vi 2PC

Ready ko theo cc thnh vin phi i b iu phi Nu b iu phi c li, cc trm thnh vin b tc nghn cho ti khi phc hi. S tc nghn lm gim tnh sn sng ca h

Vic phc hi c lp ti cc trm thnh vin l khng th thc hin c Giao thc 3PC c xut gii quyt s tc nghn.

Giao thc chuyn giao 3 pha (Three-Phase Commit Protocol-3PC)

Mt chng minh ch ra rng iu kin cn v i vi vic thit k cc giao thc nguyn t khng tc nghn l:
Khng c mt trng thi no k vi c hai trng thi commit v abort (2PC vi phm) Khng c mt trng thi khng th chuyn giao (non-committable state) li k vi trng thi chuyn giao (commit state) (Abort khng th k vCommit)

Giao thc chuyn giao 3 pha