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(a)

(b)

0 Acc. dispersion (ps/nm) 4000

100

200 4000

100

200

4000

6000

4000

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1000

500

Dispersion (ps/nm/km)

0 100 0

300

0 0 300 1400 Distance (km) 1800

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10

CRZ 1 channel DMS 1 channel CRZ 5 channels 5order soliton Soliton collision

10

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8

10 10 Global relative error

0

10 10 Local relative error

10

10

10

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8

10 10 Global relative error

0

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10 10 Walkoff parameter (a.u.)

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3

10 10 Global relative error

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10

10

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dTc = c dz dc = dz E

# =

t|uT |2

2
k,l

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dt.

# >

%

6DA

JDA ?

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E @K?A@ JE A IDEBJ TJ

J=

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TJ
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L

J=

=
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kl kl ,

#  

kl =
0

kl (z ) (z )dz
z

# !=

kl (z ) =
0

2 ET (x)

|uT (x, t)|2

|ukl (x, t)|2 dt dx. t

# !> A I EI

9DA JDA DECDAH H@AH @EIFAHIE E@A JE?= I JD=J

EI AH

JDA FK IA ID=FA E = JDA ?D=

ukl (z, t) = uT

z, t
0

2 fk (x)dx + T>EJ l ,

# " A T>EJ EI .H FKJ=JE =

MDAHA fk EI JDA BHAGKA ?O IF=?E C >AJMAA JDA k JD = @ JDA J=HCAJ ?D= JDA >EJ FAHE @ = @ l = 0 ? HHAIF @I J JDA >EJ I J B JDA J=HCAJ FK IA A => AI KI J HA@K?A JDA J J= ?

FH=?JE?= IJ= @F E J JDEI =FFH NE =JE JE A >O ? JDAH ?D= FKJE C JDA FK IA ID=FA AI

?A B H JDA J=HCAJ FK IA = @ JDA KIE C EJ B H =

6DA GK= JEJEAI kl = @ kl =HA JDA BHAGKA ?O = @ JE A IDEBJI B JDA J=HCAJ FK IA @KA J EJI ? EIE MEJD = IE C A FK IA ?=JA@ E JDA l JD >EJ I J B JDA k JD ?D= A )I

= HAIK J B KIE C =FFH NE =JE J EJI E JAH=?JE

# & JDA JE A IDEBJ B = J=HCAJ FK IA JD=J ??KHI @KA A I ?=

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>A HAFHAIA JA@ =I = IKFAHF IEJE @KA J E @ELE@K= F=EHMEIA ? EIE

I 6DKI JDA IAJ B JE A IDEBJI

I kl ?= >A KIA@ J @AJAH E A JDA JE A IDEBJ B =

J=HCAJ FK IA B H = =H>EJH=HO IAGKA ?A B FK IAI JDH KCD -G #  6DEI =IIK FJE @EIJHE>KJE L=IJ O HA@K?AI JDA ? FKJAH JE A JD=J EI HAGKEHA@ J ?= ?K =JA JDA 4 IOIJA I  !

B JE A IDEBJI = @ JDA E F=EH A JI E @K?A@ E 9, %

1J = I

A=@I J E F HJ= J E IECDJI E J JDA HECE "" !" !#

B JE E C EJJAH = @ J JDA @ALA F 9A ?= kl JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE

A J B M=OI J HA@K?A EJ " = @ E JDA ANJ IA?JE

MA ME @EI?KII EJI FH FAHJEAI = @ =IO FJ JE? >AD=LE H

%!

#
1 JDEI IA?JE

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B H? EIE I >AJMAA

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?D=H=?JAHE A JDA ID=FA B JDEI BK ?JE FK IA IAF=H=JE IA?JE E JE A = @ ?D=

A IAF=H=JE

MA =FF O EJ J JDA ?= ?K =JE

B JDA M HIJ ?=IA JE A IDEBJ ,AJAH E E C JDAIA EI =FFH NE =JA O

M HIJ ?=IA JE A IDEBJI EI E F HJ= J >A?=KIA JDA JE A IDEBJ @EIJHE>KJE /=KIIE= KF J => KJ  # B JDAIA JE AI !

 5D=FA B JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE # != =I (f, l) MDAHA l EI JDA E EJE= JDA FH >A ?D= A AI AJHO IAJ B =

9A MHEJA JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE >EJ I J E = FK F ?D=

A JD=J EI IAF=H=JA@ >O f BH

1 .EC #  MA F J JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE MEJD f = 100 /0 EI AN=?J EB JDAHA EI I EJ ?D= IOIJA I !" 9A HIJ

KIE C # != B H JDA JM FK F ?D=

JA JD=J (f, l) = (f, l) 6DEI IO

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=I D=I >AA HAF HJA@ FHALE KI O B H

>IAHLA JD=J =I l E ?HA=IAI BH JDA JE A IDEBJ IJ=HJI BH @ B l = 8 >A? AH AH

E JDA FK F
>A? AI F IEJELA

A MEJD f = 100 /0

JDA ?D= CAI IEC E JDA AECD> HD >A? AI F IEJELA =C=E = @

E C AC=JELA =BJAH MDE?D EJ

= O @A?=OI J

9A D=LA >IAHLA@ JDEI >AD=LE H M ANF =E EJI

E = L=HEAJO B IOIJA I = @ EJ D=I >AA ID M J >A CA AHE? " 9A FDOIE?= 1 ?D= ? EIE AI HECE C D=K IOIJA I MEJD @EIFAHIE

= =CA A J JM FK IAI E @E AHA J 9, K JEF A

LA H=FE@ O >=? = @ B HJD MEJD HAIFA?J J A=?D JDAH HAIK JE C E

I A=?D B MDE?D MA HABAH J =I = =F @EIFAHIE EI AH

E?H ? EIE

1B =I EI JOFE?= O JDA ?=IA

JDA =LAH=CA

JM FK IAI CH=@K= O F=II JDH KCD A=?D JDAH %"

MDE A ANFAHEA ?E C

K JEF A M JDA ?

E?H ? EIE

EIE

9A HABAH J JDEI FH ?AII =I =

=?H

? EIE
FK F ?D=

IE@AH

@O = E?I B JDA J=HCAJ FK IA MEJD FK IAI E JDA .ECKHA # = ID MI JDA ?A JH= JE AI B H JDA B JDA BHAGKA ?O = @ JE A IDEBJI B

A MEJD f = 100 /0

FK IAI MEJD l = 1  = @ 11 6DA AL KJE JDA J=HCAJ FK IAI @KA J ? EIE

I MEJD JDAIA JDHAA FK IAI EI ID M E .ECI # > = @ F AJA EIE =?H ? EIE MDE A JDA FK IAI E C

# ? 6DA FK IA MEJD l = 1 K @AHC AI = ? MEJD l = 11 = @  K @AHC E ? = @ JDA A @ B JDA IOIJA .EHIJ MA ? IE@AH = ? F AJA

=?H ?

I JD=J ??KH =J JDA >ACE

HAIFA?JELA O F AJA =?H ? EIE =I E JDA ?=IA l = 1 F AJA E?H ? EIE 1 EJI E E I 5E ?A JDA

JE= FD=IA JDA JM E JAH=?JE C FK IAI K @AHC E ?

?A JH= JE A B JDA FK F FK IA HA =JELA J JDA J=HCAJ FK IA EI F IEJELA >O -G # !> JDA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ =BJAH A=?D E ? FD=IA B JDA =?H ? EIE F AJA E?H ? EIE @A?HA=IAI E?H ? 1 EIE JDA IA? I MEJD F AJA @

JDA FK IAI K @AHC ?

F AJA

IEC E ?= J ?D= CA E E?H ? JDA EIE I =C=E EIE

JDA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ >KJ

.E = O JDA FK IAI K @AHC E ?

M JDA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ E ?HA=IAI = @ EI A=H O AH MDA IJ B JDA EIE EI

=?H ? EIE

EI LAH 5E ?A JDA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ EI AC=JELA @KHE C =??K K =JA@ @KHE C JDA 9A =?H ?

=?H ?

= @ IE ?A JDA @EIFAHIE

AC=JELA JDA HAIK JE C JE A IDEBJ EI AC=JELA >O -G # != = @ F IJ ? FA I=JE >AHI D=LA = IJ A A?J

JA JD=J JDA FHA F AJA

JDA JE A IDEBJ E = ?

Time shift (ps)

100 GHz +100 GHz

20

10
.EC #  6E A IDEBJ BK ?JE

0
B H JM FK F ?D=

10
AI

20

Initial bit position relative to the target pulse

%#



.EC #

+ EIE

@O = E?I B H JDHAA @E AHA J FK IAI

=?H ?

EIE IE@AH = E ? F AJA =?H ? EIE =J JDA A @ B JDA IOIJA =I E

9A ANJ ?

JDA ?=IA l = 11

6DA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ EI =?H ? EIE

AC=JELA >A?=KIA JDA FK IAI 6DA @EIFAHIE

O E JAH=?J

@KHE C JDA E EJE= FD=IA B = =?H ? EIE

=??K K =JA@ @KHE C JDA

E ? K@E C JDA F IJ ? F AJA

FA I=JE =?H ?

EI F IEJELA 0A ?A JDA JE A IDEBJ EIE =J JDA IJ=HJ B JDA IOIJA =I

EI F IEJELA .E = O B H = E ?

E JDA ?=IA l = 11 JDA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ EI F IEJELA >A?=KIA JDA FK IAI @KHE C JDA = FD=IA B = ? F AJA =?H ? EIE

O E JAH=?J

)BJAH FK IAI D=LA IAF=H=JA@ JDA =??K K =JA@ BH JDA

BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ EI ? A @ B JDA ? EIE

IJ= J = @ F IEJELA 5E ?A JDA @EIFAHIE J JDA A @ B JDA IOIJA %$

EI AC=JELA JDA HAIK JE C JE E C IDEBJ EI

Scaled time shift 4 2 (10 psGHz )

1 0 1

50 GHz 100 GHz 200 GHz 400 GHz

0.2

0 Scaled relative bit position (ps/GHz)

.EC # ! 6DA I?= A@ JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE

0.2

F IEJELA 9A B K @ JD=J JDA @AJ=E I B JDA @EIFAHIE GK= EJ=JELA O = A?J JDA ID=FA B (f, l) =I =HCA A KCD I JD=J JDA A CJD B = =?H ? EIE =F = @ JH= I EIIE C =I JDA =LAH=CA @EIJ= ?A @ =F @EIFAHIE J EI

EI ID HJAH JD= JDA IOIJA

A CJD

MDE?D EI KIK= O JDA ?=IA E HA= EIJE? 4 IOIJA I 9DA JDA IOIJA JDA JDA ? EIE A CJD MA IJE ?=

A CJD EI =HCAH

>IAHLA = IE E =H >AD=LE H 0 MALAH E JDEI 9A

?=IA JDA @AJ=E I B JDA

=F ?= IEC E ?= J O = A?J JDA ID=FA B (f, l) !' HA@K?AI JDA E F=?J B HA E F HJ= J E FH=?JE?A

A FD=IE A JD=J = =HCA =LAH=CA @EIFAHIE JDA F=H= AJAH HACE A ? # 9A IE@AHA@ DAHA EI

E A=HEJO I JD=J

5?= E C B JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE I?= AI ) =IO FJ JE? = = OIEI !' !

M @EI?KII D M JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE

FHA@E?JI (f, l) = a2 (af, al) MDAHA a EI = I?= E C F=H= AJAH 1 .EC # ! MA ID M

(f, l) B H ?D=

A IF=?E CI E JDA H= CA f = 50 /0  " /0

9A D=LA I?= A@

>O (f )2 = @ l >O (f )1 6DA I?= E C HA =JE

IEC E ?= J @ALE=JE I .H

D @I =FFH NE =JA O >KJ JDAHA =HA IAJ l ??KHI

= FDOIE?= IJ= @F E J JDA I?= E C MEJD JDA

>A?=KIA JDA LA ?EJO @E AHA ?A >AJMAA = FK IA E = FK F ?D= EI FH F HJE = J f 1 JDA I?= E C B H JDA JE A IDEBJ EI

A = @ JDA J=HCAJ FK IA =E O @AJAH E A@ >O

%%

JDA =??K K =JE IAA E .EC # A=?D E?H ? EIE

B HAIE@K= BHAGKA ?O IDEBJI @KA J E ? MDE A JDA HAIE@K= JE A IDEBJ EI I = EI @AJAH E A@ >O JDA =NE K

F AJA

E?H ?

EIE

I =I

6DA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ @KA J LAH =F B FK IAI # !> MDE?D = J (f )1 5E ?A JDA

EI E @AFA @A J B f = @ JDA E JAH=?JE 0A ?A JDA BHAGKA ?O IDEBJ @KA J A=?D K >AH B E ? F AJA E?H ? EIE

A CJD MDE?D EI FH F HJE E?H ? EIE

I?= AI =I (f )1

I EI FH F HJE

= J (f )1 JDA J J= JE A IDEBJ F AJA E?H ? EIE I

I?= AI =I (f )2 . H JDEI I?= E C J D @ JDA K >AH B E ? E A=?D E A=?D =?H ? E?H ? EIE EIE ID K @ >A =HCA = @ JDA ID K @ >A =HCA ? @EJE =NE K

IAF=H=JE

B JDA JM FK IAI I 9DA f

F=HA@ J JDA FK IA @KH=JE

EI =HCA JDA HIJ ? /0

EI LE =JA@ = @ I?E =JE JDA IA? F AJA @ ? =?H ? @EJE EIE

I =HA LEIE> A MDA f = 400

9DA f EI I = F AJA = @ E ?

EI LE =JA@ > KHHE C JDA @EIJE ?JE I I JD=J JDA JH= IEJE >AJMAA JDA

>AJMAA ? JM ??KHI

HA CH=@K= O =I IAA MDA f = 50 /0 -G #  >O IAJJE C

/ELA (f, l) MA @AJAH E A JDA M HIJ ?=IA JE A IDEBJ BH

kl = 1 MDA (fk , l) kl > 0 = @ kl = 0 MDA (fk , l) < 0 H LE?A LAHI=

.H J = JDA HA =JE

(f, l) = (f, l) MA

@ JD=J JDA M HIJ ?=IA ? HHAIF KIJ =I :K AJ =

@I

FF IEJA ?D E?A B I = @ I E ?D= I .H

A I MEJD f

!"

@EI? LAHA@ E JDA ?=IA B I EJ MA M K @ = I ?

JDA I?= E C HA =JE !" JD=J JDA

(f, l) = a2 (af, al)

JE A IDEBJ E ?HA=IAI

? K@A MEJD :K AJ =

=NE K

C=HEJD E?= O MEJD JDA K >AH B ?D= C=HEJD E? BK ?JE E?H ? EIE I =HA ? B JDA B H

A I =I IAA E .EC # " MDAHA MA D=LA J = >HA= I @ M MDA = MA IJK@EA@

a+b log N 6DEI I?= E C HA =JE

F AJA MDE?D ? HHAIF

@I J N > 16 B H JDA IOIJA EIE

0 MALAH JDA HAIE@K= JE A IDEBJ @KA J JDA BHAGKA ?O AN?KHIE ? EIE EI FH F HJE

E?H ?

I IJE I?= AI =I (f )2 IE ?A E?H

= J (f )1 = @ I EI JDA A CJD B JDA =NE K JE A IDEBJ ?

0A ?A =I IAA E .EC # " JDA

JE KAI J E ?HA=IA O

C=HEJD E?= O >AO

@ N = 16 0 MALAH JDA I?= E C B JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE FKJ=JE

D @I =FFH NE =JA O = @ E FH=?JE?A EJ EI >AJJAH = @ IJE ? %&

= O H=FE@ J

Maximum shift (ps)

100 50

f =50 GHz maximum time shift log fit

10

15
K >AH B ?D=

20
AIN

25

Number of neighboring channels

.EC # " 9 HIJ ?=IA JE A IDEBJ LI

KIA JDA AN=?J JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE JE E C EJJAH = @ EJI ?KJ

MDA ?= ?K =JE C JDA @EIJHE>KJE

BK ?JE

B H JDA

%'

# ! 2H >=>E EJO @A IEJO BK ?JE

1 JDEI IA?JE

B JDA JE A IDEBJ
B JDA ? EIE E @K?A@ ,E AHA J AI A I EI

MA ?= ?K =JA JDA FH >=>E EJO @A IEJO BK ?JE =FFH NE =JE E A@

JE A IDEBJ KIE C > JD = /=KIIE= BHAGKA ?O ?D= A I ?= >A IO ?DH

= @ JDA AN=?J JDA HO

A= E C JD=J JDA >EJ I JI B = JDA ?D=

=HA = EC A@ =J JDA E FKJ I JD=J JDA @A =O >AJMAA JDA IEC = I E @E AHA J ?D= NA@ 9A ME HABAH J JDEI IEJK=JE JDA ? ? E A=?D ?D= IEC = I B @E AHA J ?D= =I JDA IO ?DH

KI ?D=

A I ?=IA ) JAH =JELA O

A ?= @HEBJ H= @ A I EI H= @

O MEJD JE A I JD=J JDA @A =O >AJMAA JDA 9A ?= JDEI ?=IA JDA =IO ?DH

KI ?D=

AI

?=IA 6DA JHA=J A J B JDA IO ?DH B JDA ? ? E @E AHA J ?D= E = JDA ?D=

KI ?=IA @AFA @I

JDA AN=?J HA =JELA F IEJE

A I 9A ME ?

IE@AH JDA ?=IA E MDE?D JDA >EJ I JI

A I =HA = EC A@ =J t = 0

1B JDAO =HA = EC A@ @E AHA J O EJ ?= >A B JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE A ? ? F IEJE 1 JDA

J= A E J =?? K J >O E JH @K?E C = JH= I =JE =IO ?DH H= @ KI ?=IA MA JHA=J JDA @HEBJ B JDA ?D= FH ?AII #! 5O ?DH

=I = E @AFA @A J

KI ?D=

AI

9A =IIK A JD=J JDA JH= I EJJA@ @=J= EI H= @ E@A JE?= O @EIJHE>KJA@ H= @

I JD=J JDA kl =HA E @AFA @A J B >AE C  H 

L=HE=> AI A=?D D=LE C FH >=>E EJO 

6DKI JDA J J= IDEBJ B JDA J=HCAJ FK IA Ttotal EI = H= @ ? IK ? >E =JE #   EI E@AI B E @AFA @A J >E =HO H= @ EJA @KA J JDA

L=HE=> A MDE?D EI = E A=H

L=HE=> AI 6DA K >AH B JAH I E JDA

EJA K >AH B FK IAI MEJD MDE?D JDA J=HCAJ FK IA EIE I EI =HCA I JD=J >=IA@ JDA

JDA JDAH D= @ JDA K >AH B ? EJ EI HA=I

?A JH= E EJ JDA HA

=> A J =IIK A JD=J Ttotal EI /=KIIE= @EIJHE>KJA@ 1

2 1 JDA =>IA ?A B DECDAH A= T = @ L=HE= ?A T

JDEI ?=IA EJ EI IK ?EA J J H@AH @EIFAHIE JE A E LAHIE JDA ? EIE

M EJI

FH ?AII EI = JEIO

AJHE? MEJD HAIFA?J J BHAGKA ?O = @ # I JD=J kl = k l = @

=I @EI?KIIA@ E 4AB !$ = @ E 5A?JE

&

DA ?A # #=
2 kl . k,l

T =
k,l 2 T =

kl = 0,
2 Ttotal =

1 4

# #>

6DA F@B B Ttotal E JDA /=KIIE= =FFH NE =JE

EI JDA CELA >O

pT,Gauss (t) =
) JAH =JELA O JDA F@B B Ttotal ?= JE ! w( ) MDE?D EI CELA >O

1 exp 2 2T
>A ?

t2 2 2T

# $

FKJA@ KIE C JDA ?D=H=?JAHEIJE? BK ?

w( ) = exp (iTtotal ) =

exp i
k,l

kl kl

MDAHA @A

JAI JDA IJ=JEIJE?= =LAH=CA I JD=J B H = IAJ B @EI?HAJA H= @ E J FH >=>E EJO =II BK ?JE

L=HE=> AI

x1 , ... , xn MEJD =
BK ?JE

p(x1 , ... , xn ) = @ B H = =H>EJH=HO

F (x1 , ... , xn )

F (x1 , ... , xn ) =
k1 ,...,kn

p(xk1 , ... , xkn ) F (xk1 , ... , xkn ).

5E ?A JDA H= @ AEJDAH  H  EI 

L=HE=> AI kl =HA E @AFA @A J = @ JDA FH >=>E EJO JD=J kl AGK= I MA @

w ( ) =
k,l

1 [1 + exp (ikl )] . 2
B JDA ?D=H=?JAHEIJE?

6DA F@B B JDA JE A IDEBJ EI IE F O JDA E LAHIA . KHEAH JH= IB H BK ?JE

pT,Char (t) =

1 2

w ( ) Ait d.

# %

&

#! 1 H@AH J =?? K J B H H= @

)IO ?DH

KI ?D=

AI E A=?D ?D= A MA E JH @K?A

@HEBJ B JDA ? ? F IEJE

= L=HE=> A JE A @A =O tk E -G # "
z

ukl (z, t) = uT
7IE C JDA I= A B H = EI

z, t
0

2 fk (x)dx + T>EJ l + tk .

MA MHEJA JDA ?D=H=?JAHEIJE? BK ?JE

w( ) = exp (iTtotal ) =

exp i
k,l

kl kl (tk )

MDAHA kl (tk ) ?= >A LEAMA@ =I = H= @ =IIK E C E @AFA @A ?A B JDA ?D= =LAH=CA EI J= A

L=HE=> A MDE?D EI E @AFA @A J B JDA kl 6DA

A ? ? @HEBJ = @ JDA @=J= @EIJHE>KJE @

LAH LAH JDA A IA > A B > JD kl = @ tk 9A JDA

w ( ) =
k,l

1 [1 + exp (ikl (tk ))] , 2

MDAHA JDA =LAH=CA EI J= A BK ?JE EJ EI A?AII=HO J

LAH JDA I= F A IF=?A B tk 6 ?= ?K =JA JDA ?D=H=?JAHEIJE? M JDA F@B B JDA JE A @A =OI tk O @EIJHE>KJA@ . H IE F E?EJO MA

=IIK A JD=J tk =HA K EB H

[0, T>EJ ] I JD=J 1 [1 + exp (ikl (tk ))] dtk . 2

JDA ?D=H=?JAHEIJE? BK ?JE # &

w ( ) =
k,l

1 T>EJ

T>EJ 0

6DA F@B B JDA JE A IDEBJ EI >J=E A@ BH E LAHIA . KHEAH JH= IB H # %

# & KIE C JDA

&

# " 8= E@=JE
9A KIA@ JDA IJ= @=H@ 15 JDA F@B B ? JDA HAIK JI BH 1 EIE AJD @ J L= E@=JA JDA @AJAH E EIJE? + AJD @ B H ?= ?K =JE C AJD @ J LAHEBO JD=J

E @K?A@ JE A IDEBJ 9A = I KIA@ JDA 15 IE K =JE I =HA ? HHA?J

H@AH J KIA 15 MA D=LA J ?D

IA JDA >E=IE C @EIJHE>KJE

I =I @EI?KIIA@ A=H EAH EIE E @K?A@ JE A

E +D=FJAH " 1 JDEI ?=IA MA =HA E JAHAIJA@ E JDA F@B B JDA ? IDEBJ = @ MA >E=I JDA @EIJHE>KJE M A@CA B JDA JE A IDEBJ BK ?JE 5KFF IA MA D=LA = IAJ B H= @

I J M=H@I =HCA L= KAI B JDA JE A IDEBJ KIE C KH # != L=HE=> AI xm MEJD JDA @EIJHE>KJE # '

p(xm = m ) =
9A M= J J >E=I JDA @EIJHE>KJE = A=

1 + pm 1 pm , p(xm = m ) = . 2 2
I B xm E IK?D = M=O JD=J JDA IK

z=

xm D=I

A=H = @AIEHA@ L= KA z0 . H JDA I= A B IE F E?EJO AJ KI =IIK A JD=J z EI L=HE=> A MEJD JDA A= z0 = @ IJ= @=H@ @ALE=JE

=FFH NE =JA O /=KIIE= H= @

S 1 (z z0 )2 exp , 2S 2S
2 m . m

p(z ) = S =

# 

9A JDA KIA *=OAI HK A

p(xm | x) =
I JD=J

p(xm )p(x xm ) , p(x)

# 

p(xm = m | z ) =

g+ , g+ + g

#

&!

MDAHA

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= @ MEJD JDA = F EJK@A



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p(I, t) =
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) pT ( )d

pI (I , t)d.

$ !&

10

pdf

10

10

10

Noise only, BER = 7.71016 Noise and TJ, BER = 1.11012 Noise, TJ, and AJ, BER = 3.71011 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Normalized current 1
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