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C Máy TH I Gian Lư NG T
C Máy TH I Gian Lư NG T
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Vit bi Trn Nghim Th t, 24 Thng 11 2010 17:16 7 lt c
Tags:
c hc lng t
c my thi gian
du hnh thi gian
l su c
thuyt tng i
Cc c trng sng ca photon cha quan st cho bit n i qua c hai khe cng mt
lc. Nu ngi ta quan st lc n i qua khe, th th nghim cho thy n s c nhng i
lng kiu ht v ch i qua mt khe. Wheeler mun bit iu g xy ra nu nh bn hon
quyt nh kho st bn cht sng hay ht ca photon cho n mt thi gian di sau khi
photon i qua khe.
ng xut rng vic s dng mt cp knh thin vn xa nhn ngc vo hai khe
cng s buc photon nhn ly cc tnh cht kiu ht. S lc la tnh cht nh th ny sau
khi phn chnh ca th nghim v c bn hon tt c gi l hu chn lc. Gi l
hu chn lc c l nghe khng hay. Tuy nhin, cc th nghim thc hin bi Jean
Francois Roch ti trng Ecole Normale Superieure Cachan, Php, v nhng ngi
khc, cho thy s hu chn lc tht s lm thay i cc tnh cht ca mt photon ln ti
mt vi nano giy v pha qu kh.
Theo cch hiu Copenhagen ca thuyt lng t, khng c mt thc th no tn ti cho
n khi mt php o c thc hin. Nhng chng ta ang bt u bit rng ngay c thc
ti cng c th l mt ba tic di ng: trng thi qu kh ca mt ht lng t khng c
nhiu thc ti hn trng thi tng lai ca n. l nguyn do v sao s hu chn lc c
tc dng. Ni cch khc, mi th ch chng ta tm ly. Trn l thuyt, qu trnh hu chn
lc thm ch c th lm thay i ton b lch s ca v tr.
Lloyd v Aephraim Steinberg, thuc trng i hc Toronto, Canada, cho bit tnh cht
k l ny ca th gii lng t c th l cha kha cho mt c my thi gian thc s. Kinh
nghim hng ngy cho chng ta bit rng cc iu kin cho ti lc bt u ca mt th
nghim s xc nh kt qu ca n. Nhng nu cc ht lng t khng th phn bit gia
nhng th nh hng n chng v pha trc v v pha sau trong thi gian, th iu
c ngha l vic ch r mt iu kin cui cng c th xc nh ci g xy ra trc n.
V mt ton hc, chng c nguyn do no m cc iu kin cui cng khng th no
cho trc v mi th phi tun theo t chng mt cch hp l, Steinberg ni.
S vin ti trong thi gian
Chnh kiu suy ngh nh th ny a cc nh vt l Charles Bennet ti Trung tm
Nghin cu IBM Yorktown Heights, New York, v Ben Schumacher ti trng i
hc Kenyon Gambier, Ohio, xut rng c th s dng c hc lng t xy dng
mt c my thi gian bng cch khai thc s vin ti lng t, mt hin tng c
chng minh bng thc nghim v s ln. Qu trnh trn khai thc mt tnh cht lng t
l lng gi l s vng vu, nh hai ht, th d nh hai photon, tr nn lin h gn gi
vi nhau n mc chng chia s cng mt s tn ti. Cc ht b vng vu tht c bit,
v mt php o thc hin trn ht ny lp tc nh hng n ht kia, cho d chng cch
xa nhau bao nhiu.
Gi hy tng tng bn mun vin ti mt ht du hnh khng gian th ba t A n B.
Th thut l to ra mt cp ht b vng vu v t mt ht ti A v ht kia B, sau
tin hnh mt tp hp php o c hai ni. Nu bn lm ng thao tc ny, bn c th s
dng tc dng ma qu t xa, nh Einstein gi nh th, m bo rng ht th hai i
n mt trng thi ging ht nh ht du hnh khng gian kia.
Cng bng m ni, ht du hnh chng di chuyn v mt vt l, nhng thng tin lng t
m t trn vn ht du hnh thc hin hnh trnh thay th v iu ny cho php ht
th hai ti B nhn ly nhn dng ca ht du hnh kia.