I

l.r
(/
1 Hl e1'\ A\1(\)I\LtU /(
\.(ol1
l
.bAx.tr.L I }.I. (Vl1 )
J va.
(, )


.

: . ., , .. (.)
, 1999, . 46

: . ., , .. (.)
, 1999, . 46



: , . (.) "
", ...., 1999.


10,
,
..
. . !!!


0llfJslWfJO E./\IA r - M.
M. Z
Jelpxfllol .1 rel
"/ I" M. Z
rlPOIL:TOPIKOI XPONOI
I I:; SVOTllTO:
TO IOTOPlKO
I ()
1/
1
SVOTllTO:
TO A- G:!.
I l
A-G:!.
( )
HOlOfJOPCPWOfl A-<D.
i I ) .
.:..
-
....) KOl A-<D.
01 ,0,IAf\EKTOI
'.) KOl MOplOVVO MOPyoPlTll .. POYKO
) ,
MOplOVVO MopyopiTll- POyKO

AlOAlKrl M. Z.
n ) I OlOASKTOl MOplOVVO MOPYOPlTll - POYKO
,
) )
,0,WpiKl'1 MOplOVVO MOPYOPlTll .. POYKO
) .' MOplOVVO Mopyoplrll.. POyKO
I())VlKfl Oll: MOplCtVVO MClpYOPlTll .. P6yKO
il ,t.,TTlKi'l OlOA2KTO MOplOWO MOPYOPlTil .. P6YKO
EnEA nTEPOENTA KAI AN8H THL: nETPAI
I M. Z.
HYA(0(,00TOU t<POTOUC; LOCPlO f<pspuoll - LlOIAIOVOU
01 61Af\EKTOI THI f\OrOTEXNIAI
EIOU'(wyrl
'Enoc;
610 1\TIKO
M. Z
I. ,
EUOyySAlo
10
EAsyda

MSAOe; (Movwo[o)
nO[ll0rj
En[YPoflfl O
TpOYWOlO
KWpWO[O
KOTWITOAlWTIKrj KWflWO[O
0 n E Z 0 2: 1\0r02:


..

7
, 7I
ImoploypOcp[o
71 - 7
74

cDIAOOOcp[O
7l; .. 7/ 8swp[se; YlO TO ucpoe;
8EOPIE2: riA TH rI\02:2:A
1_- / nAOTWV KOI AplmOTsAlle;
. )1 cDlMooCPOI KOI rpOflflOTIKO[
, .
/
f j
1 ..
L 93
H KOINH I\AI\IA
rSVSOrj KOI nrjyse; Trje;
.. 7 KOI oloAsKTOI
- (
cDwvoAoy[o KOI flOpcpoAoyio
10 -]) I
LUVTOKTIKSe; KOIVOTOflISe; Tile;
1(),.. - J . To ASslMYlO Tile;
IOl H
10 - 1 I H KOlvo
M. Z. Kom6oKrje;
M. Z. KOTiiOOKlle;
M. Z. KomooKlle;
M. Z. Kom OKrj'"'
M. Z. KomooKlle;
I.
I.
I.
I. N.
I. N.
I.
I. N.
8soowpoe; cDIMp8TOe;
Awo XO}\IOOOU
8soowpoe; cDIAOp8TOe;
8soowpoe; cDIMp8TOe;
M. Z. KOmOOKrje;
XplmocpOpOe; XopoAoflnoKlle;
Xplm6cpopoe; XopoAoflndKlle;
Xplm6cpopoe; XopoAopn 'K e;
Xplm6cpopoe; XopoAoflnoKlle;
XplmocpOpOe; XOpOAO nOK e;
8s6owpoe; n n
LIOTOKOU
trY
TA IEPA KEIMENA
I II H naAOlO KOTO TOUe; (0' )
MaVOAIle; nanOUTOOKIle;
I I I H
MavOAIle; nonouTOOKlle;
H ATTIKILTIKH ANTI6PALH
11 I AOlaviOflOe; M. Z KOmOOKIle;
I I 11 ATTlKIOflOe; Kal aVTlanlKIOflOe;
KUpIOKOe; TOOVTOOVOY AOU
1it I I; ATTlKI01IKO
KUpIOKOe; TOOVTo6voyAOU
I II. H"6suTspa KOl Il yAWOOO Tile;
cDoVIle; I.
I ' l) 1 HyAwooa TWV nOTSpWV Tile; EKKAllo(ae;
8soxOPIle; 6STOpOKIle;
nOIKIJ\A rPAMMATIKA
I }. I H TOU 610VUO(OU TOU 8paKOe;
LOp(KOe;
I 1 . I H npocpopo
XPIOTOcpOpOe; XopoAOflnOKrje;
I J I'
KA80MIJ\OYMENH KAI rPAcoOMENEL
,- H(5lofloXIl KOl 6rlflilTpo T
J I I, I HOfllAOU SVIl (50e; - 1Ooe; OlWVOe;) 8soXOPIle; 6STOpOKIle;
oK/\OOlKlOflOe; (60e; OlCIWOe;) Boo[AIle; KOTOOp6e;
I H/\OYOT8xvlKrl (Soe; - 100e; Olwvae;) LOcp[O
I ., HyAWOOO TWV OylOAOylKWV KSlflSVWV 8soXOPIle; 6STOpOKIle;
I "Ms TO Mxvo TOU ompou" (To KOVTOKIO) Bao[AIle; Kmoopoe;
oOTTlI\lOflOe; (70e; - 1Ooe; Olwvae;) LOCPlO
YIJIJOYPoCP[O (70e; - 90e; OlWVOe;). 0 Kovovoe; LOcp[O
M
AKP1TlKO Tpayo ' OlO A8Ctva010e; MapKonou/\oe;
AITlKIOflOe; (11 oe; - 120e; Olcovae;) BaoiAIlC; KmoapoC; .:
, H\ /\WOOO Tile; (11 oe; - 120e; cllwvae;) BaoiAIle; KOTOapOe; '.
HorWWOrje; AOYOTSXV[O mrjv ouM TWV KOflVrjVWV EASVll Kopo '
nSAon6vvlloOe; KOl Kunpoe; (130e; - 140e; OlWVOe;) EMvll
ty
EmomAoYPocplO
( , To OIlIJWOU'; lJu8lm'OPrtpo
J - HyAcoooaTCJJV Smmll!Jwv (140e; - 150e; OlWVOe;)
I KOl YPOppOTlKSe;
r /\ 0 L L I f< EL A1\ 1\ H1\ E n I 6 PAL ElL
I 01 Kat II
I/ To KOl Ol
t I I, H KOl q 8nlOpOOq
17 - 7, EAAqv1K1le; KOl TOUpKIK11e; sm6poOSle;
17 -187
61AI\EKTOI KAI 1610MATA
If '_ - 1'9 01 NSOSAAIlVIKSe; OloASKTOl
190 1(1 Kat T
19' - 19.) KOl
194 - 19.
19f - 1. 7
, - ]99 nsAonovvllolOKO 1\01 EmovlloloKO IOlCJJPO
? JO . 201 NOTlO VllOlCJJTlKO IOIWPOTO
2 2- 2() BOPSlO IOlWPOTO
?04 - 'J()_ To KWVOTOVTlVOunoAlTlI\o IOlCJJPO
AXTlllEI Q)OTOI
::..0 207 H AOYOTSXV(O (160e; - 170e;OlWVOe;)
20 - 2(
1
) HyAwoooTaU 0lKOUP8VlKOLI nOTplOPXslOU
2]0 - "'] To 0PXo(o SAAllvIKO: v8Kpovomooll ovoysvvrJOll;
12 - 21 Ol opxse;Tile; rU1CDOOUe;
14 - 21 HnpwTll poppOTlKr'lTile;
216 - 21 7 HOlOOOKOAlO Tile; YAWOOOe; OTO 0XOAS(O
Tile; TOUpKOKpOT(Oe;
,11H L]q To 0llIJOTIKrJlpOYOUOI
?'J() .' 22 J !\o'IKOAOYOTSXVIKO KOl oVOYVWOPOTO
( 170C; - 180e;OlWVOC;)
("'I
LO
LO(j)(O
EAsVIl
LOcp(O KOTr.;OllTIOOIl
XPIOTOcpOpOe; Xc pOAO nOV,IlC;
EAlOO[3ST A ZoXaplOOOU
MoyoOAllvl'l ilopxop(oou
XopoAopnOe; n,LUIJ8uw(OIlC;
XopoAopnOe; n LUIl8CJJVlOlle;
XopOAopnOe; n,LUIJSwv(OIlC;
Nt \OAOOe; KOVTOOOnOlJA
NlKOAOOe; KOVTooonouAOe;
NIKOAOOe; KovLOoonouAOe;
NlKOAOOe; KOVTooonouAOe;
NIKOAooe; KOVTooonouAoe;
NlKOAooe; KOVTooonouAOe;
NlKOAooe; KOVTooonouAoe;
NlKOAOOe; KOVTooonouAoc;
HpOKMe;
IlwPyoe; K8XOylOYAOU
MoyooAllvf] napxop(oou
Ispoolpoe;I,ZU)pOe;
NIKOAooe; M, nOVOYlunOKTlC;
EMvll
Xp(OTOe; I,nmplvsAllc;
XPUOOUAO - K04JWIJEVOU
TO rAOIIIKO ZHTHMA
, r;\WOOlKOe; OPXoiolJoe; KOl oVOVSWOll nooXoAW; M. KlTPOIJIlAfolle;
" AKpO(Ol OPXO'101Se; KOl Ko8opoMyOl rswpyloC; A XplO1ooouAou
.'/Hno;\uy;\wOOlOTWV cDOVOPlWTCDV M(ATOC;
osMaou\oe; 0IlIJOTIKIOIJOe; M(AToc;
I) KOl KOOpIKOe;:
H"1J8011 oooe;" KOl II aVTfopaoll rSWPYlOC; A XPI01ooouAou
!\sfLIJava oPXa(oe; no;\un;;\sfae; Iwovvo nSTponouAou
. i ,; Peter Mackridge
ITA XPONIA TOY ArONA
. 0Myoe;TWV aywvlO1wv I. N.
'(, 2' .7 To ns;\onovvlloloKOlofwlJo rlwpyoC; KSXOylOyAou
) I t HKo8opsuouoo we; sn(OlllJll y;\wooa rswpyloC; A XPI01ooouAou
.1 I 0 Ka8aplOIJOe;TOU NTfvoC; rswpYOUOrje;
H AorOTEXNIA TOY EAEYGEPOY I<PATOYI
.:- 6.. IoAwlJoe; KOl AOyOTsxvfo ItwpyoC; KSXOylOyAou
-
.'

Hy;\woooTOU Av6pso n, 6..
.'.' HyAwoooTile; IxoMc; NoooC; BoysvoC;
HyAc000aTile; (1830 - 1880) NoooC; BoysvoC;
01 r,UIJWQE:IC; 010TsAoC; IOU 190uOlWVo. NoooC; BoysvoC;
H110Auy;\woofoTrle; rj80ypocpfoe; Ilwpyoe;
,
iAOIIIKEI
..
oIIOVVrje; LVuXOPllC; KOl 00llIJOTIKIOP0C; 6.11IJOpOe;
KOlVWVlKSC; OlOO1OOSlC; I\atIUVTOYIJO 6.11fJ apoC;
AnaTlC; npOTooslC; 010 (19 7- 1931) 6.11fJOPOC;
AVOlXTOI AOyOplOOpof I,n.
oyAWOOlKOC; OxrOPIJOe; (1888 - 1906) I.n,
r. f\j. X (1848 - 1941) rswpyloe; Mrmpmv[(J.)T11e;
Hf1SvTOY;\WOO(o TOU 1180onoMllou NTivoC; 1S(JJp ou 11C;
lE
H rAOL:L:A THL: ;\OrOTEXNIAL: TOY 200u AIONI\
I KOpUWTOKTle:; KOl Tl omlKrl rlwPYOe:; KSXOYlOYI\OU
LIKSI\IOVOe:;, rlwpYOe:; KSXOYIOY/\OU
. "
HYSVIO TOU '30 nOlllOTl rlwPYOe:; KSXOYIOYI\OU
HYSVIO TOU '30, rlwPYOe:; KSXOYIOYI\OU
H oVTimooTl mTl Noooe:; Boysvoe:;
H KOTSpivo TIKTOnOUl\ou
), noilloll: HnpWTTl YSVIO l1ooKoMnoul\oe:;
1. I' nOlllOTl HOSUTSPTl YSVIO l1ooKOMnoul\oe:;
r I I HYSVIO TOU '70: noiTloTl nOVTsMe:; MnouKol\oe:;
") ,J I i" L:uYXPovTl Ayysl\o KomplVOKTl
rlwPYOe:; LscpsPIle:; - Oouoosoe:; EMTIle:;
Tl moollTOUe:; milYI\WOOO TTle:; noillolle:; ISWPYIOe:;
it.ll) 0 CPII\OOOCPIKOe:; Myoe:; rIOWOpOe:;
-)(l-) 50) To M, Z KomooKIle:;
<J[
:,()'1 - HLxoM TTle:; 880001\0VIKTle:; KOTsplvo TlKTonoul\ou
UNG\lAE GRAlCA[
CD ROM#D
j 0,') " () H 1\0YOTsxvio
IlWPYOe:; Ksxoy\oYl\ou CONTENTS,
1TLODATABANKTEXTS
INDEXTOTLOOATA BANKTEXTS
:'( ,; , H LTSOll
! (TLG N
PHI
TA XPEIOLiH
r,wpyoC; E MwpoC; ( ,.
J 10 ' oj 1I Hr TOU M'TplOVTOcpuMioTl
12 - j I') To npwTO OUVTOKTIKO TTle:; IIWPYOe:; E, Mwpoe:;
-')1 -j j I ,) To TTle:; N rIWPYOe:; AI\IOOVOPOTOe:;
'I (I - il) Nsse:; KOi nOI\Olse:; OVTIOPOOSle:; := A KOKOI\Ile:;
METAPPY8MIL:EIL:
l'U-- 521 H TOU 1964 cDII\mnOKIl - Warburton
l - H TOU 1976 cDll\mnOKTl - Warburton
52-1 :1)7) To rlwPYOe:; E, Mwpoe:;
H r;\ 0 L: L A L H 1v1 EPA
.-' ">(1 - ln H oiomoollTile:; rSWPYIOe:; MnopmvlWTTle:;
)_, oil) To SMTlVIKOTWV OflOYSVWV cDll\mnOKTl - Warburton
j,f! ') J) 'I AwoAvOmOOIOoTl -
, } --i " l10VSl0Tile:; AwaAvomoolooll -
:' I I EASu8sp(o KGI nSl8opx(o XpUOOUAO !\ooKOpomu
1 (,
'
I
I
)
1
H yAWooo KOl Ol llA8KTPOVlKO( unOAOylOTse; LlAlO B, POVlWTll
} II \ I
n8pl8wplOKO IOlwpmo C1)1 mnOKll - Warburton
1
I
'
.f I I I Em(se; OPXO'lOPOU M, Z KomOOKlle;
) I
' I)
HyAWOOO OTO MME KOl Til olocpf,plOll MOVaAlle;
'l
I 1
H yAWOOO ilOVVlle; KOAIOPlle;
. To pSMOVTile; KWVOTOVT(VOe; ToouKoMe;
H APXAIA E!\!\HNIKH ITII EYPOnAIKEI i!\OIIEI
, I I Delirium graecum M, Z, KomooKlle;
') -:; ) To 0PXo(o 8MllvlKO OTllv opoAoy(O AVTwVlle; P8YKOKOe;
)) ) I APXo(o 8MllvlKO: II yAWOOO Tile; CPlAOOOcp(Oe; i8WPY(0 Mnpoupo
, (I ) . " II KAllPOVOPIO Iwovvo
)',} "EuPllKol EUPllKOI" Avvo XOAIOOOU
H iPl\cDH
I I {I I Ot np08MllVIKSe;ypocpse; AnOOTOAOe; KOVToYloVVlle;
i H B AnaOToAOe; KOVToYloVVlle;
H AnoOTOAOe; KOVTOYlOWlle;
,I ( (I; iPOIJPOTO APXOlO AnaOToAOe; KOVTOYlOvvlle;
( I To KunploKo AnoOTOAOe; KOVTOYlovvlle;
Iii HMIKpOypopPOTIl Iocp(o
')' To 0llP810 KUplOKOe; TOOVToovoyAou
Tavol KOlnv8upoTO KUplOKOe; TOOVTOOVOYAOU
H METPIKH
Hop OlO 8, K, ITscpovonoulue;
H I\O.l 8, 1<' Ilscpov6nouAOe;
nOlO!I-ITAN 01Ei\J\HNEL;
,(HOll ltglV (mo tllV Oltoy,gumoy(?Ctlp110l1 tOW mva'Xwwv
B 1l.0).)..OL tllV
OlIO W x),a-
OLX[( XgovLCl XUL ngwLflotEQES E\'OELSEL<; YLO
njV EfltpaVLOll,WV E)..)..{lvwv. H tgOX1)),011] MlVUElO
xE(?aflll<,11 tOU xol.. xou
8TJXE ano llO)..)..OVS OOV tEtQLO OEV 8EW-
gELWL mOQXES 11 E\'OS fLE,LWVWfLivou
tlJnouXEQaflLx1'IS. AUOl llQOtlflOVV r;onQWlj.lO-
tE01] tpao,!". YUOw mo 2200 ltX,OnOtE (JE
nOQa)dZS GEOff; Eva: ELOOS
nou fLc tl]V XEQC'fLLXll MLXQCtS
A(JLC'S". Qmo(Jo, CllHO to clOOS XEQa:fll'XllS OEV Ewpavlt,E-
WlOE a),),a flEQ!l t1]S HAaOaS 'XO.l Yl' autoEVOEXEWl va
flllV EtEL 1:11 0llfLcwLanoutOU a:noOLOnUL."
C Renfrew, Archaeology and Language, a. [75.
M,VUIO oyyio. TOU XO,l,KOU
E8vIK6 ApxoIO,l,OYIKO Mouoio).
",
npoirTOPIKOI XPONOI
H41AMOPCInIH THI EAAHNIKHI rMIIAI
H yAWOOO OTIlV OlKOY-
V810. nOT8 010POp<!>w81lK8 we; yAcl>OOO KQl
nOla dVQl TO lOloiT8pa XOPOKTIlP10TIKa Tile;;
To nOAQlClT8PO ypoma Tile; yAwoooe; dVQl
01 mvoKl08e; H)e; B (YPOppV8e; 08
npOK81TQI YlQ K8lp8va nou mOTonOIOUV OTI TOV 130 ot. n.X. Il EA-
U<!>[OTOTQl we; 1010iT8Pll OVTOTIlTO. Enopvwe;, Il Y-
Tile; 80 npn81 vo dVQI Eva KOTa nOAu apXQlOT8PO Y8yovOe;.
H anOljJ1l Til YVWIl Tile; fl8 ola-
OOXlKa p8TOVaOT8UTlKa KUpaTa 81060Ae;) -Axalol, 'IWV8e;, b,WPI-
de;- nou 8loayouv OTOV 8MoOlKO xwpo Tie; 600lKEe; OIOAKTOUe; Tile;
Apxaiae; Eow 8a npn81 va 011p81w8d OTi Il Apxoio EMIl-
8iVQI OUVOAO OIOAKTWV. H VVOlQ Tile; yAwooae; 8lval p8-
TOY8VOT8PO <!>QlVOP8VO.
H uno8wl1 TWV olaooXlKwV KupaTwv XPIlOlponOld Tie; oxTIKe;
nopaoo081e; TWV apxa[wv, oAM Kal Tie; oPxaloAoYlKe; papTupI8e;. 'ETaI
unoOTIlplx81lK8 OTI TO KupOTa aUTa pnopouv va ouvo880uv p8 oMa-
ye; OTOV UAIKO nOAITlOpO nou 8moup6alvouv yupw OTO 2200n.X, 1600
n,X. KQI 1200n.X. TOU pUKllva'iKou nOAITIOpoU)
oaVTIAoyoe; OTIl 88wpla TWV KUpCtTWV (nou TOn088Tc;[ Til YVWIl
Kal olapop<!>woll Tile; yAwooae; ana TOV 8MaOlKO xw-
po) TO apXQlOAOYIKa 0800pva 08V T8KPllPIWVOUV Tie;
20
TOIl8e; nou onoml Tl uno8OTl 1l810V0018U08WV. AVTi-
8810, Tl 8LKOVO TTlV onOl)JTl TTle;
OUV8X8LOe; -118 KonOL8e; oMoyte; 010 T8AOe; TTle; KOl
010 TtAoe; TTle; TOU XOAKOU- Ol onO[8e; 0IlWe; 08V 8lVOl T8TOlOe;
8KTOOTle; W018 vo SnLTptnouv 1l810VOOT8unKte; un08t081e;. H omino-
Ttl TTle; 80 nptn81 vo TOn0881Tl8d OTTl
KOl vo oUOXTL01d Ils TTlV ovomusTl TTle; OlKOVOlllOe;
010v SMOOLKO xwpo. Ol 6081lLOlSe; nou OUVOtOVTOL 118
TTlV 8E;onAWOTl TOU ySWpylKOU Tponou ana TTlV
npoe; Ttl L!.UOTl dvOl 8K8Ivse;, OUllepwvo 118 TTlV onOl)JTl nou 8yKO-
SL010UV KOl OTOV SMOOIKO Xwpo TOV LV008UpwnO'lKO npoyovo TTle;
yAWOOOe;. H yAWOOO, no 1l8VWe; , OLOIlOPepWV81Ol
Iltoo 010v SMOOLKO Xwpo KOl Tl TTle; osv dVOl onoTtA8-
0110 npo'iOTOpLKWV npwTOYoTOpLKWV 1l810V0018U08WV. L!.sv
onOKA8l0VTOl 6t60l0 KonOlSe; oMo OUTte; osv Ilnopd
nopo vo KAIIlOKoe;.
nOlte; dVOl OL LOLOmpOTTlT8e; TTle; 11800 OTO nAolOlo
Hle; OlKOY8V8LOe;; To TlXTlPO oooto oUIl-
epwvo *bh, *dh, *gh (0 OOTSplOKOe; UnOOTlAWVSL on npoK8LTOl yLO au 11-
epwvo nou unoStToullS on oLt8818 Tl 01llv
we; oTlXO oooto: ph (CP), th (e), kh (X). H OUyKpL-
0Tl 118 TO oPxolO LVOLKO (nou OLOTTlPOUV TO 11XTlPO oooto Tile;
OdXV8L Ttl Oloepoponoi110Tl: LVOLKO bharami: 8MTlVlKO
cpepw. To *j TTle; YlV810l h (oOOUTIlTO) OT11v
LVOLKO yah: SM11vLKO oe;. LTO 1l0pepOAOyLKO nln800 SIlOV[-
OXllllOnollol nou T11V 0 unsp881lKOe;
-TOroe;, 11 -iJvoe;. LTO ASsLAOyLO AtsSLe; 118 IV008UpW-
81uIlOAOY[O IlS IOLOIlOpepl8e; nou
0111v lnnoe; (118 OPXLKO I OVTl yLO TO OVOll8VOllSVO s, np6A.
AonVLKO equus) , o.pyupoe;, o.vepwnoe;. H 1l8yOATl KOTTlYOPlO OUOlaon-
KWV 08 -sue; dvOl, T8AOe;, LOLOIlOPeplO Tile;
XEli\O'iTIEPQIKA IYMet>QNA
H OUYXQL0111WV LvlloE1JQumciLxcJJv y),woowv fLat; E;rLTQEITn
va. 1JIT08EOOWLE yLa -n1v 1JIT08E-
UX11 fLl11E(1a 1WV LVOOE1J(1WITa'LKwv yJcwom:1V- Eva cloot;
'UITEQWLXWV 01J[lqJwvwv oa.v 10 q 10 g )[.01J avvollEuovrm
aITo 01(10"rUAE[la lWV XEl!cLWV (qw, gw). Iut; IlLaJcEXW1J
111t; ocv OLC1.1llQOUvlm w XEtAO-UITEQwLxa. 0
IT(1oyovot; 101J ITQW101J 01J[lCfJWvo'U 111t; avrwvulllat; w; 11WV
Eva XELJcODITE(1WLXO OU[lqJwvo, OITWt; flat; IlEixvEL oUyX(110'l
IlE 10V aVllOTOLXO ),auvL.xo 1UITO quis. Iw [l'Uxl'jVa'Lxa
EnYjVIl.a OfLWt; w XEL!cO-UITEQwLxa qJalvE1CiL au
vrCiL aXOfLa: a-lOro-qo: anlhroqwoi: QV8QW7WI"
CIU,NTRA.l1fE
ETO[Ol.O/;IQUE
OES 'lOTS
O. ,\USSO:'i, J.-f_ J. rA.lU-UilJ,4.T
\1 ISJfT:'>f.
ITO TOU P. Chantraine Kal TWV auvpyarwv
Tau (Paris, '1968-1970) (l B6eoe;
oia TWV Apxoioe; KOI
ITo TOU H. Frisk, Griechisches Etymo/ogisches
Wdrterbuch, 3 T., Heidelberg 1960-1972,
(lTa
A-<D. XPIITI6HI
21
XPONOI
EMHNIKH KAI npOEMHNIKEI rAnIIEI
22
OAM C YAWC-
co ano (60c; ar. n.X.).
OlNOL
H EvI)EXE1ClL va. ELvo.L !:va. a.QXmow,o liavl.o,
a.no ,1jV mOXlj ''llS XOLvl1S 0 ngw,o-
LVOOE1JQw;ra.'(xos r1JrrOS *wai-no 0XE1lSEWL fJ-E ,OV JlQW'[o-
01wm'KO 'wajnu XCU ,0 'wino, Km OL '[gEL!;
a.1J1:ES YAw0mxES oLxoYEvwoS OV1:AOUV m8a.voww orr6 EVo
XOLVO yAW00LX6 UJlOmQwfLa.. To LOLO m8ov6ww LOX,UI.
XClL yLa. 1:1'] AES'l'] Moov (rrg[3A. oQoj.w'Lx6 varda)
(graffito) C aTTIKO
CKU<pO. H tX1 anoKpumo-
H 10 KUplO ovo-
Tda/des, nou lowe; nOA1'] TWV TPOAAWV

H Ko8e: yAWO-
ooc; dVOl, oe: OrWOVTlKO
noooOTo, npo'lov HIC; au vo-
TTlC; OAAC; yAWO-
oe:c;. 01 0PXO[OI 'EM1')Ve:C;
dxov e:niyvwOTj OTi 0
e:MOOIKOC; xwpOC; iAo!;vTl-
oe: nOAOloTPOUC; AOOUC;, nou
nc; OIKC; TOUC;
YAWOOe:C;: ne:Aoayoi, Kope:C;
KOl fit Ae:ye:C; , TuPCJllvoi, ClJol-
VIKC;, 6puonc;, KOUKWVC;,
'AovC;,
'AMwOT OMOyAwooOl yAWO-
OlKO( 8UAOKOI KOI
OTa IOTOPIKO XPOVIO 01 ovaoKac; Xouv
OWOI mypaIKo TTOIWV yAwOOWV: TOKU-
nptaKO, TOKPTlTlKO, 1') TllC; EmnAtov, 11 avo-
KOAU4Jll TOU oUVOOUTllK KOl ana nAouOlo m-
ypaIKo UAIKO: TIC; mvoKioc; TllC; A, 01 onoi<;, OUOTUXW<;,
oV Xouv anoKpumoypa118i
TI OCPIA1 1') YAwooa a' aUTO TO nAOUOlO YAWOOIKO uno-
KOl O nOlo va aKpI6OTpa
Tll CPUCJll TOU; 01 YAWOOlK<; oV dVOl KAKTlKC;. EnllPO-
OAOKATlPO TO YAwooa<;: qJWvoAoy[a,
OlJVTO!;l1, A!;IAOYLO, H onou 11 yivTOl
OpOTn dVQl TO A!;IAOYIO, 'ETaI, ano nOAU Vwp[c;
K OTi TO A!;IAOYIO TTlC; Apxa[o<; nplX1 apl8-
OTOIXiwv !;VTl<; npOAuOTlC; Ta OOVla aUTO va VTQ-
X80uv O QUO KOTTlYOPl<;: oovla npoAuCJllC; KQl
6c'tvla ano YAWOOC;
0, A!;IC; TTUPYOC; Kat
TUj.160C; dVQl napa-
TllC; npw-
TllC;' KQlTjYOp[oC;.
H nupyor; SXSl npOSI\SUOTj, onWe; qJOlVSTOI K080-
po ana Til OUyySVSlO Tile; Til burg (OXUpWIlEVOr;
nupyor;). H "KOToynQl ana TOV npWToivoosu-
pwnoiKo Tuno *bhrghos. H TOU Tunou aUTou -OUIl-
wva Ile TOUe; Kavovee; Tile; 80 neplllsvolle va eivQl
*npoxor;. 0 TunOe; OUTOe; oev KOI OTIl 8sOTj TOU
TQlIl nupyor;. H AOlnOV as
yl\wooa anaTllv To 1010 LOxuel KOI YlO Til
TUIlBor;. KOI sxel -*dhlJ1bhos- OAI\O
TOUe; Kovovee; Tile; H OVOlleVOlleVIl
-OTIlV Tile; *dhlJ1bhoS e[vOl 11
TOrpOr;. 0 Tunoe; TUIlBor; -onwe; KOI 0TunOe; nupyor;-
npoo(oelTIlV nOl\OlOTeplle; yl\WOOOe;, Ile
Tllvonolo 11 nOAAol lleAnllTse;
onTO Ivooeupwno'iKO aUTO yl\WOOlKO oev as
yI\WOOO, 0,"'\0oe neploooTepee; (auoswe; Tsooeple;).
HOSUTSPIl KOTIlYOPIO OOVelWV onOTel\elTOl ana nou oev
SXOUV Ivooeupwna'iKo KOI oe yvw-
OTSe; OYVWOTSe; KOI OVQTOl\lKSe; Yl\wooee;: (TIe;
neploaoTepee; opse; TO npo081l1l0-ve-, KOplVeOr;, zo-
KUVeOr;, aoall/VeOr; (Ilnav/Epa), OAUVeOr; (aYPlOouKla), EpEBlVeOr;
(peBlel), Ile TO npoa81l1l0 -00-, IAIOOOr;, K7)rplO(O)Or;, KunaplO-
oor;, vapKIOOOr;, IlS TO npo081l1l0 -Ilv-, I'tapullva, Mr,eUllva.
Ga npsnel enlOTje; va npoOTe80uv onwe; eaAaooa, pooov,
IlOAUBoor;, olvor;, xpuoor;.
'Onwe; nopaTilPel 0J. Chadwick, "11 TWV TonwvulllwV KOI
TWV oavelwv dVOl SVO nOl\U mo neplnl\OKO eyxdpllila an' o,n vOIl[-
'AMwOTe, TO o[youpa oeoOllsva elVQl AlyO. To 1l0VO
OUIlf1epOoIlOTonou Ilnopdva auvoyoyelKoveie;... ana yl\wo-
OIKSe; llapTUplSe; aUTou TOU nJnou dVOl TO ilIa Tou!\6XlOTov
yAWOOO IlIAlOTOV OTllv EMManplv ana TOUe; 'EAI\IlVSe;. H
yAWOOO YSVVlSTOI anaTO IlnOAlOollOevoe; lvooeupwnaiKOu IOIWIlOTOe;
oe sva WI SAI\IlVlKO KI\WVapl.
AOajifVeOC;: nou JiITO-
VfCpO. on6TO ovaKTopo nullou.
LHMITIKA6ANEIATHL: EMHNIKHL:
,uva, Xf/vaor:; (flaQ1UQELWl YQaflfH-
B), Mhoc;, xmvv, xaQo.aaw, J..iwv, IiQlT:I), },E%o.VI) (m-
Sa.Velle; oavELo a116 AQap.a(x11).
IlanoLOu OUWplOvouoav onoU(JLaonxo flEQO; TOU Enll-
vLxoli AE;L),OYWU 110V O:'t'0Qa 0101' EIOLXO itEQI[JaAAOV1lXO
xaQaxC11Qa "1e; 1v[WOYElOU OEY va f;1lY'l0dlOe; 11 EA
)'11"1.'"11 LvooeuQIIl]ta'l'KCoV )1';E-
wv. AU1Ee; 't'u1a 01lWC /kul'eoc; (avy-o) ,
/oJ,Il''', ',,;;(/,,1)0<;, aQxwl)oc;, M'I'''l, uQiYa/'oC;,
;".iiJWI'OI', x';Qauoc; XCLL (juDY-oC;. :V[cWSl: novs(il(UV Elvm0
OVOC;, {J6V(lIJOC; (fl6J.LVeOC;) XC!t 0%o.l,(Jr.l(!OC; L101XEiU.
mpogouv010V UAtX.O J10Al1l Jl<) ElyOl.J1agollO;w;fllj '1-
xa:,lIEmU01l, xaaaiuQor" XaJ.XOC;, ,U6;,VI10o<;, J"ly-veoe;, %0.-
ODe;, xQwaao::" uava;, mlQYoC;, a,(JolJ[J{(, JaGjuveOC;
xu[;r).[1I(l01:;. OQIO).lVEe; J<OLvWVLx.eC; VVOII'C;,
yLU 1YjV XOLVWVlll, ILl'
1101) 8Ewg01JVWLoUV1l()/'lctgOEf).,ljVLXf;,AU1C;7lQu,n,1)u.-
YOUV "1 AiSq {3aau..Evc; (/-lvxYjvcii%(( qa-sire-u),
ooiiJ.oc; do-e-ro) XaL OL fSEXO-
Y1Ee; 1WV EA)''lVLXWV Emov -'OOVOIJ[llC;, /lXiV,EV;,
BI)OEVr,- xaOw; XCII. am) E)).11vr,(E<; BE0111H
-'1\(1)1'6, "HQG., 'A'PQOOinl, 'Q,llijC;- OEV <PEQOUV EWravWe; tV-
OOElJQWllCllXaEH'lvLxaovopa,1O.
1. P. tvlallory,OL fI'OOEvQwJrClLm, 0.82.
A-cD. XPIITIL'lHI
23
aAnoAAwv (ano TO TOU vaou TOU
Kal TO <puaiKO TWV
'Eral, tn;
KOI 'Arr6AAwv,
'ArrtAAwv, 'ArrdAwv
Kal -ArrAouv (np6A. nAinwv, KpaTuAo" 405c:
"AnAauv yap <Ilaal 0orTaAoi TOUTOV TOV 8ov).
01 IlIAJ\EKTOI
ElnrnrH KAI TAiINOMHIH
KaTO HjV m:p[ooo, ono TOV 80 Ol. n.X. KQl 11
yAwooo flYOAll nOlKlAia. Ko8 nOAll 01'11 flll-
EMooo KQI OTl<; nOAuopI8fl<; anolKle; XPllOlflonold TllV
OlOAKTO mle; 0llflOOle; KOl Tle; lOlWTlK8e; KQI KOS
AOYOTXV1KO iooe; 8X1 TllV TOU OlOAKTO, OTllV onola ypO<pl
o Ko8 ouyypa<pEoe;, ono Til TOU yAwooa. nAil OlE-
mpo npoe; Tllv OfllAlO dVQI Ta mYPo<plKO KdilVO, vw TO
AOYOTXV1KO dVQI YPOflil8VO O yAwooo KOl ov
Tl<; TOnLKEe; OlaAEKTOUe;.
Ano lOUe; OlQAKToAoyoue; EXOUV npoT08d OlO<POpe;
TWV MllVlKWV olaAEKTwv. 'Oe; TO ilEoa TOU 200u Qt. YVlKO ano-
flla ola[p01l O: o. 6. (Bopla
NOTlo y. 01 [Ole;
OflOOe; fl YWYP0<PIKO a. 6 KVTPl-
y. H Olo[P01l lX 600lmd OTllv un08Oll OTl TO AAll-
VlKO <pUAO mllv EMooa O Tpia OlOOOX1KO KUilOTa: a. '\wv<;
(yupw 01'0 2000 n.X.), 6. ALOAde; "AXQto[ (yupw 01'0 1700 n.X.), y Llw-
plde; (yupw 01'0 1200 n.X.). MTO Tllv onoKpumoypo<pllOIl Tile; ipOflfll-
BKQI Tllv anoKoAut\Jll Tile; OlQAEKTOU TOU
140u-130u 01. II oUyyEVlQ Kal
KQI nL0llilOv811KOV Ol OilOIOTllTe; Tile; TAUTQIOe;
fl TllV n[Olle; vlOxuSllK II onot\Jll OTl 11 010-
onaoll auvTAE0811K O MllvlKO Eoa<p0e; flTO Tllv KOeOOO (iow<; yu-
pw 01'0 2200 n.X.) TWV AAllVIKWV <pUAWV mllv EMooa. 'ETOl II ovoilaoia
nploplmllK YlQ va 0llAWOl flOVO Tllv
TO BA1:JAEIO TON MAKE.10NON :UA nJ\H TOY 60u KAI :no A' MII.O TOY 500 m.lT.X.
oEmKpri'TTlu mu!3cxmhciolJ TlJ}V Apyto6wv1TcpiTU Ttl\'lTOU 60u01. IT.X.
o 'OU N: 479-452n.X.
G rroo Tllv r:UlIttpllIpXia TOU (\'
flAlONIA
IMYPIA
0PAl<H
l:IVTIKr]
OOOllOVT1Kri
HO(I.wfc;
KP'1UTWvio
BOTTio
BUJCI?nfa
n{AACl
'"
Ml)yllovia
AVOqJOuC;
Tau x6pT'l ncu n,liXTOI aTo 6!6Aia
nrppOlpfl)
E poaftT
napol)ofo
0EHAAIA
TOU I.ToupOTooyAau, Ma/ff:i5ov;a. 1995, a.19.
24
Apl<IlOOKUTrpKlXfj

Iwv"uj-

slVOI YSVlKO anOOSKnlll OlalpSaTl TWV OlaAEKTWV Tile; 10TO-
nspl600u 08 TEOOSple; a. 6. ApKOOOKU-
y_ 0
iuo OAASe; OIOASKTOI. 11 nou I_IIAIOTOV OTO
VOTlO nopOAIO Tile; M. Ao[oe;. KOI T) slVOI OUOKOAO va KQTO-
TOYOUV' 11 npWTT) Myw TOU nou TO ano-
smypa<pIKO UAlKO TIlV Til
ilWp1Kri KOl TIlV oAM KOi nOAASe; 1010Tun[Se;) KOl 11 OSUTSPIl
AOYW TT)e; swe; npoOl)JoTO novTSAOUe; anouo[ae; OlaASKTlKWV smypo<pwv
(01 npwTSe; smypocpse; OTTIKo"iWVIKO xopoKTIlPIOTlKO,
SVW TO KOIVO slVOl nsploooTSPO Til nOAOIOTSPO 11
slxs SswPIlSsl Tile; KOl Tile;
H KOTOOTOaTl OTIl 211 XIAISTlO n.X. slVOl OPKSTO
H novTWe;, nou KUplWe; Tllv APKO-
OMO KOt TT)V CPOiVSTOl OTI OTT]v [Ola
TO npOOTOOla TWV OlaASKTWV aUTWV OTT] nspiooo.
'000 TO AAT)VIKO ESVOe; TlTOV as nOASle;-KpOTIl,
olOonaOIl. Ms Til KQl
KOIVWV IPWV 0PXlOOV va Otocpope; KOIVSe;", unp-
OIOAK::-1I,8( YAWOOIKO[ Tunol, OTOUe; onolOUe;
Ot l:OnlKSe; HTOIe; KOIVSe; slvQl: T) nou XPIlOl-
OTIe; OWpIKSe; nsploxse; TOUe; TpSle; TSAsuTalOUe; OlWVe;
n.X., 11 yAWOOO Tile; KQl npono-
VTWV 11 H TSASUTOlO 60011 Tllv
OIOAKTO TOU 40u 01., 11 onolo UIOSSTlloS OTOlxsla KOi ana OAASe; OIOAS-
KTOUe;, KUp[We; IWVIKO. Ano TOV 40 01. n.X. 0PXlO va mopo as OASe; Tle;
OMSe; OlaASKTOUe; KOI TSAlKO Tle; unoKOTEoTIlO npwTa napa-
11 aKoAouSIlOOV 11 KOi 01 AlOAlKSe;, KQl
TAuTale; unoxwPlloov 01 ilWpIKSe; OIOAKTOI. ApxafOTIKSe; TOOSle;
OTllv nsplooo npoKoAsoav ava6[woll Tile;
TWV OlOASKTWV OTIe; smypa<pSe;. ...
XiJpTnc; TnV TWV rcaaiJpwv 5IaA'KTIKWV
KaTa TnV TTcpi050. ITO KVTpO Tnc; vaTlac; TTAcupac; Tnc;
M, Aaiac; n
i1ElrMATA MMEKTIKHL i1IA<I>OPOnOIHTI:IL
Eluoat:
duoa!: Fixau: BOLW1LX'i. 8woa),LZli'
rplx.au: FEixan: (ano 10 LYOO-
Eugwrca'l1<o *wi-kqll-1 nou ovo &;:IOE<;),
rflW(JE<;: Amy.11' AQY.C!OLXi] rfaoaeE<;:
nio(o)vQe<;: nloVeE<;:
dW(lI:r;:
Xi},WL: Al1LY.i] , Xd},LOL: x'ljhoL: XiULOL:
(ana TO ngwl0E),),1jVLXO *Xia},WL).
"oQrJ: A i<OV(lrJ: IWVLXTl' uW(Ja: L';WQLx11' i<OeFa: !\OJQL-

sivo<;: Amx1i' sElvo<;: sI]Vor;: sivF0<;: i1w-

ei{ti: Amxi]' [fl,ut: i,UIt!: 8woa/..Lxi] 'Ij,ui: i1WQLx1i
(ano TO LVooEuQwnoXxo *es-mi),
odr;vrJ: IWVLX'rl' oe},avva: odava: !\uQL-
(ano TO ngwloE)J,TlVLXO "ocJ,ao-vCL, no.gaywyo o.:T.o 10
ovofla aiAw;: },6.,u1/JrJ).
AmxIl, (3a).o,uaL: Iwv'!.I'], Ag-
0pTlQlzir
(3iUo,UCLL: {3EiJ,o,ury: (3ljAO,UW: BOlWU-
(JliJ,owJ.t: odAol!w: BOQLO u1LZli.
fJaQaOQov: {3iQdiQov: OI-tTlQLzir V!![OQov: AQxa-

noaEtowv: A l1Ly.1i DooEtOiwv: ]WVLY.li DooEtoawv: 0fl'l-
QLy.1i noaiow': nOOOLOU.v: AgxabLx,'r nOhVL-
Oell': ,\axWVLYI1' Dow06.FIJJv: i1WgLx1i' norwl,iv:
nea<;: A HLx)i, Jrf1ori: .'toQr!
.fUti: /\l'T,dj, AW<TQ:hLA11, Bot
WHX,ll' noc;: Agy..ablxll,
Elvw: AnLZ1'j, 10lYL%)l' ryvw: fllj/(VW: i\WBWZli,
[P.,UEV: 1:\lLev: BOLwnx'i' i1wQL-
X11' '!jJ1I/V: K9Tl1Lxl'l.
(3am},iw<;: Amy.ir i11J1:W1'
KUTIQLax1i' (3aaD,170<;: {3QOt},Eio<;: 8EOoai,Lz,'I
MAPIANNA MAPrAPITH-POiKA
25
01 tllAilEKTOI
APKAAOKYnPIAKH 41AAEKTOI .'
'Orav nOAloQxOVUov U/V nOAI]lOaAw Ol xm Ol Km-
i; rl] XQovla rov <PJ.oxvnQov, rou ywu rou OvouayoQa,
o j3aulAla; 2:rauixvnQo; ;{WI/ nO).I] rwv loaAtiwv iowoav
orov Ovooi},o, ro yw rov OVOOlXVJrQOV, ro ywrQo,
%W orou; aOEA<pov; rou va JrEQleci}.nouv rov; aveQdmov,
nov nAI]Ywvovrov orl] ,uaXI] X01Qi; opolM [ .. ]
EmrPM)H ADO TO IL\A!\IO
"OrE: rtl(v) iTraJ.lv 'EoaJ.lOv xariF0(jyov MiiooL xO:,
KmijFE, lev) ran (/)rJ.llxv!t(jwv FirEr rw 'Ovauayo(!av,
[JarlLJ.E:V, Irauixv!t[io, XO:, a!traM, EoaJ.diFE" avwyov
'()vauiJ.ov rov 'Ovaurxv,T/JwV rov iyarijpav xa, ro; XWlL-
J'Vliro, iytiuOaL ro, a(v)OeO)iTO, ro, lev) riir pazar
ix(?)paptvo, aWl! proOwv [. J.
O. Masson, Les inscriptions
chyprioles syllabiques, U{lo 217.
H OIOASKTO<;, nou anOKaAlTOl KOI Nona
1..I1A10Tav O'TT'Jv ApKao[a Kal TT'JV Kunpo. napa TT'J I..ISyOAT'J anoOTaOT'J
TWV ouo nsploxwV, 01 OIC1.ASKTO[ TOU<; aTSVOTa-
TT'J ouyysvsla, T'J onoia sm6s60lwvT0l Kal ana apxaia napooooT'J Yla
W01K101..I0 TT'J<; Kunpou ano TT'JV ApKaoia. H 01..1600,
m8avov, anoTsAd Ouvsxsla TT'J<; olaAsKTou. nOVTW<;, T'J
npoyovo<; 1T'J<; Kal TT'J<; npsnsl va dxs
Olol..l0p<pw8d KOI va 1..I1AloTav nplV ana TO 1200 n.X. aTO I..IsyaAuTspo
I..ISpo<; 1T'J<;
H apxa[a ApKao[a, 010 KSVTpO TT'J<; xwpa
KOI aAAo I..IS nUKVO 060T'J KOI nOAAO vspo. To SlouAAla-
KO Ton[o, 01 l..Iu801 KOI 0 apxa'lKo<; Tpono<; svsnvuoav KaAAITs-
Xvs<; KOI nOlT'JTs<; - Et in Arcadia ego. 01 APKOOS<; n[OTsuav 011
aUTox80vs<;. LTOV 40 at. OuvsaTT'Joav 1..110 0l..l0onovo[a aU10V0I..IWV no-
ASWV, TO K01VOV TWV ApKOOWV, SVW KaTO TOV 30 at. nOAAs<; apKa01Ks<;
nOAsl<; npoaxwpT'Joav O'TT'Jv LUl..lnOA1Ts[a H OIOASKTO<;, T'J onoia
l..IapTupsi1al smypatplKw<; ana TOV 60 01., Ka10 10V 30 at.
MX8T'JKS wlopaoT'J ana TT'J Ln<; apxs<;
10U 20u at. T'J aVlIKa1SaTT'J0s TT'JV
OIOASKTO aTl<; 0T'JI..I0OlS<; KOI 11<; IOIW11KS<; npo-
aAAo Evav Olwva apyoTspa unOXwpT'Jos Kal
aTT'Jv
'EAAT'JVS<; ana TT'JV nSAOnOVVT'JOo KOI Kupiw<; ana
TT'JV ApKaoia anoiKloav TT'JV Kunpo K010 1T'J I..IUKT'Jva'l-
nspiooo. LUI..I<pwva I..Is 1..110 napOOooT'J nou ava<pspsl
o nauoovia<;, 0 6aOlAlo<; TWV APKOOWV sm-
aTpS<POVlO<; I..IS TO OTP010 TOU OTT'JV n01p[oa, I..ISTO TOV
TpW1KO noAs 1..10 , avaYKOOTT'JKS ana 1..110 1P1KUI..IlO va
K01a<puYSI OTT'JV Kunpo, onou anolKlos TT'JV
no<po KOI [opUOS TO nsp[nUaTO ISPO
TT'J<; AtppooiTT'J<; na<pia<;. H Kunpo<;
OIOlPSI..ISVT'J as noAAo 1..11-
Kpa 6ao[Asla H OIOASKTO<;
TT'J<; dVOl T'J aV01oAIKon;pT'J
0IOt\SK10<;. 01 nl-
ypotps<; ana 10 vIlO[ SiVOl
ypal..ll..lsvs<; as sva oUAAo61KO
aA<p061lTO (OUyysvlKo TT'J<;
B) KOI OTIlv nspiooo ana TOV
80 w<; TO TS/'O<; TOU 30U at. n.X. Mia
1..I0VO ana TIlv nOAo[na<po Xpo-
vOAoydTOl OTOV 110 at. n.X. .6.10ASKTO<;
KOI w<;
TO TAO<; TOU 30u at. n.X. 01 K01omv<;
smypa<p<; S[VOI as
KOI as SAAT'JVIKO oA<p06T'J10.
ArrocJnao[iO omi (m8ovov [iEWSV 478 y.m 470
rr.X.) ;(aQoWEvll DE ;(a.ht'Vll mvaXloa, rrou rgEEJI1XE oro tE-
go Tile; A8I1vae;. TIQoxmm yca ro 1'-TE'VEOTEQO y:ungtaxo
XEl[iEVO xm ODfHjJWVla roD xm 1WV
rrOAtr0J'V 10D loaA,ou fie ro YWTQO OvaolAo xm roDe;
aOEAcpOUe; rou YW Til OU1QeaV JleQleOA1jJ'!] TWV
TQaU/laUwv XaTa. 111 OtapXna T'!]<; rroAwQxiae; TI1<;
rroA'!]e; (/.),0 roue; f[QOEe; Yoat roue; xmoixoue; T't]e; CPOI-
VI,tXlie; /l0)'11e; rou KtTiou.
,nOAlV no}.lv (ltQP),. mo},I;, nroJ.iEeQOV, mOA6po;
orov '01111go, xat fWxeOOVtXO nro}.E/loio;) 'E6a-
J.IOV: ro '[ori}.wv 1WV XAOOLXWV ltl1Yu)V' xari-
FOQYOv, aogwroe; rou *xaraFEQY01 ftE -oQ- OVTl
-o.U- (alto 'r), ;rgpJ... mnxo xardQY01'
/v[dOol: kb)ool' KewifE;: J(mfL, (11 xma),11S11-liFE; fiE
EXrrTuJOlj TOU F YlVEWt -11f; cna )coplaxa, Xat, p.e
ouvalQEOll, -ij; Ef; ow a.Htxa) <PtJ.OXV.TQWV:
</>doxlJllQov' FirEr: irEt' rw: rov' 'Ovauayo-
QOu: 'OvaoayoQov' QVwyov: urrfQov\'!EI,tXOe; ,
OE -ov rrou altona y.at orov 'Ofil1(10' 'Ovaol-
m,7fQwv: 'OvaOlxvnuuu' iyarijQav: alTI.omdl
OE -av oni -a lOU (rrgpA. 0fl119lXO
b/tlie)' ro; rnuxo roil; xa-
o(',vliwv( (cC'l'n rn"c )((WIj'v'ITo,',)'
EDQ1lfiEVO
eVoe; "I'6.01 Ii *1J!.JW/lL
*typal't;).
Cloe; 01. IT.X.)
alTO TOUe; (AcuKwaio, KIIlIPIOKO Mouado).
IHIVKLmpo 6pi811KOV wi-
OTJ<; mypoi<; Tll<; ETOKunpl-
Tll<; yAwooo<;
TWV nOAOIcl1PWV KOTOIKWV
TOU VllOLOU, 010 1010 ouMa-
6ap10, KOI 111<; yAwooo<; TWV
<l>OIVIKWV TOU VllOLOU O Ol-
VIKIKO OAo6f)T0.
To OTJI-I0VTlKOTPO xo-
POKTllPI01IKO Tll<; APK0i50-
c:[VOI:
.e1 OTJ TaU a ono
.\ OlnAO O EVplVO (iv: iv)
TOU TAIKOU 0 O U
(aAAu, VIKOU -au OVT( -ao:
Q11lKO -ou: KaAMau: OntKO KaAMou)'
OUPlOTIKO (KunpIOKO a, OPKOi5IKO TO, nou
i511AWV101 1-1 1i5IKO oUI-I60AO V1) ono Xl-
AounpwlKo nplV ana t, (KunpIOKO aie;: Tie;,
pKoi5lKO dl1: drc:)' TOU F(KunpIOKO P';TOe;:
TOe;, OPKOi5IKO KOPFa: KOPI7) I-lio<; -TOt, -VTOI oVTl -Tal,
-VTaI (KfTOt KfTaI) -17e; oVTI -cue; (iprje;: ipue;)' i5IKTI-
OVTwvul-lio 6vu MeKae;: Kai' noe;: npoe;. 1i5loTuni<; Tll<;
c:lVQl: TOU i5UTPOYvou<; -va- (KpivwVOl: onlKo KpivwOl
ana KpivWVTl, navaa: naaaana navna)un081IKo<; auv-
i5WI-l0<; d, vw 11
VlKOU -wv: onlKo -ou (jJ108iiJv: /110800)
ouvi5WI-IO rj: {- K: av(i5UVllT1KO, 00p1010AOy1KO)
ana
Un081lKO
1-110-
(6voaiya: 601lKO 8oyyo y I KOi
6voaia).
ono 006cOToA,60 (OPXE<; 50u 01.) VC
OTO TaU npoownou KO' VC
Kunp'OKO OTolxcio TO OTO KC'!'OA' KO' moAOl-
Ana TO (flEuKwoio, Kunp'OK6 Mouoeio).
EmrPA<l>H AllOTHMANTlNEIA
e[ilLe;ivrOlqlOL1'01' rol'[ e(bwOavovt'Ov]
({JOVEe; iou, du'airr:oe;due[r6vioyov6v]
11Ie; XIX r6(!pfvTE.(JOV, dun[ol'tivopov]
dl1l:rae;({JU(!Oiv6, il'fJVcpl[e;tvaL XIX]
roXPWdplOV'
L.DUbois,Recherches sur Ie diaJecte arcadiell,
t.2,o. 96,(fT.2529.
aV xcUwwe;anaavwve;novnagEvgiOryxavoro'EgO eLvm,
EirE 0 iowr:;irE xanowr:;(mo rovr:;aQQEvEr:;anoyovovr; wv,
cpovLar:; rOJv avegWlTOJv nov ro e6vo.w rarE, EirE
rOJv o.voQwv ire rlJr:;no.eGivov, o.vro ivwLEQOOVA!o. xora
rOj.lIJ.vuio.
H egorElvT] MavtLYE11" ('1),0.e;, B607) OltOrEAOU-
yeal' =0lTEyre C11flou" Ol OltOiOl ow XgOYLO
xm ClTQ1:E)..WOY T'I MUvrLVEW. To )(EL,LL<:\'O
ELym wroo1Taofla alta Evavrlov (11;0-
flOJV 1WU)(Ql811xavEVOXOl LfQOOVAla,alTEvuvrLorllvA811VCt
AiJ.a., rll,o1\ola, TO Lfgo ELXE ylYEL 8EaTQo flLO,
rwy ClQX,j,y rOl! SOU CH..Ta c, 0:'},w.
il'e;: !Le;. rOlEQoi: (TOi: IEQoL): r(IJ IEg(IJ anvtiavovrov: o.l&otia-
VOV"'IV' cpovtr;: cpold; [tilE: dr!:' eoy6v6v: xyovOJv
tX lTgo ELyCJ.L i )(ClL 7fQo oWq)(iJ-
YO'\) ir;fL<: roux) xa:xmo. rOQQiv!EQov: roc1QQi-
vrEQOV fIE XQaml (11 -!Ego; CllAUJYEL EOW 0XEOll
Ofll1QLXO e,/},,;rQor;) rpagGivo: n;oQOivov
lvwvcpEe; (Ev + I'',WpOl-tal, allEprpl/r:;) Xgtodgwv:
XQ1JO!J7QWV.
[I0WAlO oyEvClOu 600KOU TWV
60uvwv. <lJopci KOVTa XITI;'VO KOI XAovuoa
VnpOOTO OTO LTO KC'l'OA' EXC' KWV'KO
KOI mon60la<j>TCPWTC1 oav06I1,o. npoKoAci
v,a TWV TOU T1poownou. 'Epyo opKoll'Kou cp-
YOOTT1Piou TWV avtow<; Ta XPovwv E6v'KO
APXQJOAoy'Ko Mouocio).
MAPIANNAMAPfAPITH-POfM
27
Ovgwgr,n E.,rrogoyvwL,
uk o aU/i{JaJ,a iCC/iiCCfiorw,
iCiaauyyoL {;f. IJ 'ii'
rlL"lCjlW, 110 a (l- Pl.
EiCul wv ()vQwQov 0'
fa oavoaJ.a ro v ana JriVrE fioloorapaQa,
()ixa 0' nov r'UQyaoTllxav.
II LamjJw, OExm11 MoueJa, oioase ems yuvaLxes
E),ACtOas va ayarrouv w gooa ITt.egLaS" (T'1
xm H]V xU( avO.uue rra80Ao'(La lOU yAuxum-
Y.QOU Quna. LlO rrQOY.ELllevO E:rnBal,cilllo eUTQam),la nT]-
'latH arro 111v Xci.QlS ano TT] T] an:A0111TU
arro AOYLOO\)\'1'J. O, veOVUI-llPOl AOt.rrov 010
V1J(jJLXO ElaAafto. EluQa cpQouQel 0 ()vQWQO<;, vaS EleoQa-
10S aVTQo.s !1-ITLGTOS TOU yarurQou. TOU ElvaL va
rro.QEfJ.JlOOL.oeL ns cpU,es IllS nou reQoorroLouvrm on
BO.ouv va TT]V e),elJOeQw(Jouv. O, xorreJ.es avnOQouv
w. oxwrrnxo TQW(OUOL YLa TOY rra10uxa..
To oavoa),L, orews xm 10 10 no.Qa-
!1'UBl 111S LWX1Onouws), 0111V
XaL tpnlx eQwtLxo, YoUl emrr),eov oQyavo al.yol.ayvelas
01:11V uIT1lQeola 1:11S TIa vOli!.lOu AqJQoOitl1S
To ExEl ouv1:EOel OTO 1OITlY.O tolWlla 1:11S
,te TOU rovou' i.-tTOQayvwl anL
brraoQayvwl (oQayuw oQyvra, arro OQEYW: on)wvw ra
XEQW). To ETCLGno rroQarr,trrEl o1OU 0i.Ll1Qlxoi,; Al.waoES,
rrou liwv EYl'eaQYvwl. To ,H',Ine(J61JCI. (iCE.I.l:re: JrEJiU, p6?)-
or;: (36ewr;) elvm E:rru.paelOv
TO (11 aOJriIJa) TOU Alana. Uiaauyyor; dvm
AS11 To iCmavawav (at ((VTi. ?)
elvm aOQloroS 101J [;<;rol'o.w (E;<JrOJiEW).
LTOV an6 TOU
TOU Bpuyou (AKpayO<; 480-70 n.X.), noploTavovTOI 0
A/'Kaio<; Ka/ Ion<jlw. 0 KaetvO<; TOU<; Kpana 6ilp6ITO KOI
KTpO_ Ta npoowna ono TI<; cmypotpt<;. Mia aClpa
anantVTc anouCKnOpOJOVTOI anaTO TOU AAKoiau
vawan0 va HIampw'XCI mpt-
fjJCI TO KC<jla/'1 np0<jlavw<; 0 v,a
TOU npocrwnou DC TPIWV Tnap1wv. H
iloIJOKO,\6c; (ilOIJO<<;>KQA6C;: a ila/lac; civGJ wpoioC;)
'XCI TO aUa TOV TOU
ypO<jlou yla TOV wpaio TIl<; (Mavaxo, Slaatliche Anti-
kensammlungen und Glyptothek. <1>WT. MuseumI Koppermann).
28
01 111AAEKTOI
AIOAIKH AIAAEKTOI
TIlV OIJOoa aUVanOTe;AOUaaV Ot OIOAe;KTOl Tile; 8w-
aaAlae;, Tile; B01WTlae; Kal Tile; IIsa60u 1Je; TIlV KaTSVaVTl
KOtTioa Tile; 11 8WaaAia, 11 onoia, nplv e;yKaTa-
aTQ80uv e;Kd 01 KOTayalJe;VOI ana Hj E)wnpwTia 6wplde; E)waaAol,
AloAle;.
HE)waaAla, dVOl axe;06v anoKOIJIJsVIl ana Til 80Aaaaa,
napSIJe;lve; xwpa 0 OlT060Awvae; KOL TO mno-
epop6do Tile; EM60ae;. 6loiKIlTlKO olOLpe;lJsVIl ae; Tsaae;ple; Te;-
Tp60e;e;" E)waaltlwTlC;, <PBlwm:;), 01 naAe;Ie;
TWV onolwv e;[xav aplaTOKpaTlKO nOAlTe;UlJaTa KOl OUYKpoTouoav Xa-
0IJOonovo[a, TO KOlVaV TWV E)woaAwv, 1Je; svav
Taya"ne;pI6e;6AIlIJSvo oe; m:piooonOASIJOU 1Je; sKTOKTe;e; H
OPyovwOll anOOIOaTOV oe; anwe; 0A}"e;uae; 0nuppae; ana
Til !l6plaaKOL 0LKanae; ana TIlV Kpavwva. oe;v 8woa-
AtKa KpOTOe; e;vlaio, oe;v ouvne;M081l OUTe; 11 OUTe; Il
e; VaTTlTO. 'ETal Il 8woailla e;[VOL 0 novoKsepailoe;
(Kat TO ne;olo OOKIlOIle;) TWV OlaAe;KToilaywv. napoTIlV nOlKlAla, WaTO-
00, olaKpivovTOl OUO 101WIJOTa, Tile; E)woaAIWTlOOe; KOl laTIOLWTlOOe;
(1Je; SVTove;e; OWpIKSe; e;mopooe;te;) Kal Tile; ne;AaOYIWTlOOe;. To ovolJa
IJlac; aTa NA, nou KaTo Tllv 'Iltlaoa (8 683-4)
OHlv 8TI1KpoTe;ta TOU AXlMSWe;, oC!JpayioTIlKE: ana Til Moipavaan06e;[
TO e;8vlKo aVOlJa Tile; xwpae; OAOKAIlPIle;: EMoe;, KOL Ol KOTOlKOi Tile;
'EilAllve;e;1
01 BOlWTOL KmoyovTOv ana
HIV TaU opOue; Boiov I
(>BOlWTOe;) Tile; B, Hndpou,'EOlW
KOI apyo 01 BOIWTIKSe; nOAE:le; ou-
yKpoTlloav Olloanovo[a uno Tllv
IlYE:1l0V1a Tile; MOAovon Il
BOlwTia E:8E:wpdTO xwpa Tile; na-
aIl08E:1Oe; KOI Tile; aypOl-
K[ae;, Ol081lKE: YE:VVOlOOWPIl OTIlV
nayKOOl-lla noillOll: a Hoioooe;, a
nivoapoe; KOI Il Koplvva
B01WTOl. Ano TOUe; TpE:le;, WOTOOO,
I-l0VO Il Koplvva YPOE:l Olllv Enl-
J
xwpla OIOAE:KTO, Il onoLa
dVOl aV0I-lIKTIl I-lE OWplKO OlOl-
Xda, MIa IOIOlTEPOT11TO TWV 60lW-
",
nKwvdVOlon anaTOV 40vat.
EIOOYETOl svaOUOTIlI-l0
(ooKpau aVTIOC1KpU).
H Kupla Kl-
VIlOil anaTil ewaaAlaOlil/\060
KOI OTIl M, Aoia OUVTE:AdTOl I-lETO
Til To OlOAlKO
Tile; J\soBou I-loe; dVOlYVWOlO KU-
plWe; ana Ta I-lma Tile; L:an-
we; KOI TOU AAKaLou, 'OI-lWe; Il
yAwooa aUTwv TWV nOlIlTwv E:IVOl
SVTEXVIl I-lE nOAAo 5C!VE:la ana TO
snoe;. To AwBlaKo IOlWl-la unoxwpd OTllv
aMoOla pWl-la'lKO xpovla OE nOlllnKo YUIlVOOl-laTO
ov81l01l
KUPIO xapaKHIPlonKo T11e; SE:WPOUVTOl: Il TWV
XElAOUnE:pWlKWV OE: XE:IAIKO (avT[ ooovnKwv) nplV ana : ncnape;
(lI';nope;), B)"cpoi (i1)"cpoi), rtJena)"),,oe;, nnGaA6c; (8Ooa),,0e;),
H nmpwVul-llKWV aE: -we; aVTi nmpwvul-lou: rtJO,wv 1'1-
iJ.0VOplOe; (1'liJ.0vOpau), Aiae; rc:)"aiJ.&JVlOe; H vEPYllnKou
napaKEll-lSVOU OE: -OVT-: ncpElpoKovne; (TGT)paKOTee;), H nAIl-
8uvnKouTplTOKAiTWV OE: -001: naiowOl(now!). HKWwOIlTOU aOE: a
(tvawe;) Kal TOU aOE: U (6)")"u).
IOIOITE:pOTIlTE:e; Tile; - dVOl: Il aOl-loiwOIl
TaU 0ana 10 uypo svplva: COiJ.! >f;iJ.iJ.i, oe)"oovo >o)"ovva..HE:ns-
KTOOIl TWV Ele; -iJ.l KQI OE OUvIlPIlIlva OE -w (tPi ),,17iJ.1), IOIOTunle; Tile;
dVOI Il ljJ[AWOIl (wpa), 11 6apUTovIl011, 0 ava616a-
01l0e; TaU Tavau 000 TO nlTpnE:l avallOe; T11e; TplouAAaB[oe; (80iJ.oe;),
a ol80YYl0I-l0e; ana oVTKToOil ('navTe; >nale; oVTI nae;). IOIOTUnlE:e;
Tile; dVOl Il TOU a OE au (xoupa: xwpa, :4n)"ouv
f'lno)"),,wv) Kal TOU t. OE: l (iJ.awp: iJ.r7TTJP).
nopEia Tile;
Mip(fOW/ bi ),LyoolJaV
MoolJritJ'iW1M;' onpava (fov-
a'Epa flLvbalJoL norEIJLV,
KOQlvva, 664 PMG.
Mip.rpop.wXatT''l ylv"oJ.aJ,'l k/vQr{oo.
ywrio.v"at yvvo.ixa va OTOV [JivoaQol
H KOQlwa. I] bLaOl]flOIEQI] flno HI Iampw 111e;
ogXmOII]We;, 01l]V TOV(LYQO. 11]e; BOLOnLae;.
HQOlflaicEa TIle; EbwOE OTIl flu80nAaoLa au
VLXl]OE nEVIE <pOQEe; OE lWlI]UXOUe; ayw,,"se; lOV nlvbaQol
o []ouoav[ae; au'1 I')TUV
EJlElbrl 11WV OflOQ<Pl] xm JlLJt),iov Eyga<pE ow
lb[Wfla11]e; nmQlbae;111e;, ow mO),lXO l'1e; BOlWILae; 0 nOl-
I]UXOe; aycirvae; 0111 MUQliba a;l\) T11v A
xm owv nlvboQo bEV EJtlrErmWVeIm an;o aA),fC; lll]YE '
E[vmWOI000 m8avo l] AES'1 EQI'; VO. &l]),WVEl on'1
MUQltba l1Q001HJ.8'lO va illfll]8E[ 10 ilEyaAo;''.'En00r(oc;
1l0V mvbaQlXOJV OJbWv.
Hy),oJOoa 11]e; Koglvvae; ElVaL 010 el1aXQOV 1]
aVliat (X1]: %w) 00 aVli v (<povaa: rpvaa) iwv)'a: ">wyE
nLvoaQ01, IOU nivoaeo,pay&. (anolOV LVOOUgw-
n;a'(xo luno*gwena, CUT010V onoiovXaL101010lXO qens >
an),lxaqueen) aVILyvvli,
ana
(yupw O1'a 450 n.X,). 0 vtoe; </lOpa
XlTwva KOl tXEI novw 01'0 K</la., TOU ntTaaoKal Kpa-
TO TO tva xtPI 'Aayo KOl TO 0"0 a<jlaipa. H
KOl TOU
E8vIKO Apxalo'oYIKOMouolo),
h WtJrapEovro,;xlJEWipl'Vl/Ja<pit,aaOuvaNdoii,XF rut;;
xarOlxEv.:wal nalJ aJipE; flrrOa),ovv xat roul' a)lolll'
'E),AaVOVV boOt'!a;coJ.luia
IG lX. 2,517.
(all va. wrocpaOlo8eiva lj)YJqJiamII'S r/JCJH-: lla
0000151' nhiQ/7 }wlm%a bt"cltI,J/ww. OE 60ou,; 8wau)o15';
Xat ci}J,ov,; xawlxo15v(m/vITO}"!W'';
A;r(](ml.Ofla ana Aa[JLOcltxO (IOU 216 n;,X.) lIEQl
VEWV 1l0h1lUv,HTIEAooylwnxil unobui-
AXW, Dr Aa.010w; L6l0ru:llCC (I,x
aOQLmou, amY"o l/Jl/rp(aagl)r;u,
fIE unoxmamaol]TaU -w ana10-ELv'OU';"E,11 oiiuXE, UUl-
xoOJOTC)- attoJtQooE'l.TIl 'lblaY"ufWv01]lOU ovc'lpCHoe; Bw-
00),0(: naOuloi011] cPnraloionl
8woaloi01l]V 8nraJ,oiOI'1V bLil),EXTO.
M.l.KOnIMKHl:
29
Ta aE
va Ta oplaTO TWV
KOI Til, (LupaKouowv). H TWV
XaPOKTWV TOU 40u 01. TOUC; TUTTOUC; TWV
aE TTO,uO a apyupoc;
(TTEp. 360 ".X.), 6apouc; 12,31 yp., 'i'tpE'
TOU Tau lilaC;
Ka' FAAEION (FAAEION) :
BpnavlKoMouado).
EmrPA<T>H AI10 TH. 01\YWHA
IiH!aTga wig FaJim; xai roie; 'EpFWJWLI;. OllVpal.io. x'
fa ixaTov p.'n;a, iJ.{}l.OI <5i: xa ai {)i rtbiOi ai'u rho;
ai'rc pipyov, IJVVEaV x' a?alOl' ra T' (f).(a) xai ,Tap -'1:0-
Jipo.
C. D. Buck, Greek Dialects, <tQ. 62.
H avvO'I"'1 HJ..Eiwv "at Hl2atiwv. Na vrrciQXEL
m'lJfwxia yw c,a,o XI20VL(J. ;-:(;l 1'/1 al2'1..laEL arro Twga. Eat,
,-,Va;'''1/ eir.e flU ),oyu Fin yw va aJ..?1)-
?,ofJoI180VVTaL YOW aE ci?.J..a xw OE JTt'glm;w(J}1
noJE/liJV
A1l00JlaOlJa arro %lllVO [Ho6
60D m) IlEWt;U "lSHAlOOS XUl nlS JtOAllS
Hgu.las
Fgargu: [2'ITI2U (0 Xat 0.;'0 JtQwroyVSS rJ OtTlv
FalE/me: ']-/,'.110((;' 'EQFa6lO1C; (HQFawL01C; roD
'HQFa(I)WlOC;: 'flQWEVC;, xcnoLxos ,11C; HQa[ac;)' x' (%a)
Ea: (/V Ell) (m8av6v llov0'l'00YYLOIlOC; tllC; OL'l'06YY01J El xw
TQo!l,i roD rrgwWYV01JC; IJ OE O' Fina: LTII (llODvalQna -
caY' Tot: TobE' ahE: EltE' Finor;: Erro,' FciQYov: EQYOV (Qi a
werg-, a'f/)xxo work)' auviav x' (xa): aVVftfV avo
cihli,ulC, aJ..a: (WJjJ..OLC;, w.l/1 (,a Ot.JtACl crUflqJWVCl Ofv
0'1AwvoVlm on; :!),lO'QEC DIYOal.PSC;) ;rci.Q: ltEQi (EQ ailO
ug xm aJtoxo;nl)' noU.no (;rou'flw): UTtlXO no?ipov.
016IA/lEKTOI
BOPEIOAYTIKEI AIAAEKTOI
BOPIOOUTIKEe; OIOAKTOl aTIl <!lwKloa,
1\0Kpioa, 'Hnlpo, AKapvavla, A1TwAla, MaAIoa,
6wpioaKal OTIl xwpa TWV AIVIOvwv. LTIl ola-
KQTQTOaaTat Kat Il
(OTIl B6nAOnOvvllaO), VOIO-
TunOe; OWPlKWV Kat Bo-
PIOOUTlKWV olaMKTwv.
a ana10QlUAa Tile; LT-
poe; nou OIOAKTO,
TaUe; <!lwKie;, TOUe; Ava-
TOAIKOUe; 1\0Kpoue; KatTOUe; A1TWAOUe;
we; YKQTOTlWEVOUe; nplV ana TOV
TpWIKG OTIe; npIOXEe; nou Ka-
TixavOTllv m:plooo.
H ivatyvwaniKUp[We; anaEm-
ypaQlEe; ana TOUe; 6EAQlOUe; (60e; at. nX- 30e;
at. YI' aUTO Kat HOIOAE-
KTOe; OEX81lKE mlopaallTile; Kat Tile; ana
TOV 40 at., Kat HIe; OTOV 30 at.
01 1\0Kpoi OTllv npiooo ivat a ouo
nEpIOXEe; Tile; LTEpEOe;, nou TOUe; ana Til <!lwKIoa:
TIlV 1\0KptOa,aTO MaAlaKO KatTOV Eu6o'lKO KOAno (EmKva-
KOI OnouvTIOI 1\0KpO[), KOl Til 6UTlKi) 1\0Kpioa,
OTOV Koplv81aKO 1\0Kpoi). Tile; OlaAEKTOU
anaTil 6UTlKi) 1\0Kp[Oa. LTOV 30 at., AOYW Tile; unaywyi)e; TWV 1\0KpWV
aTllv AlTWA1Krl miopaOTl Tile; BOPIOOUTl-
KOlvi)e; OTIl OIOAKTO TOUe;.
Ot AITWAOi OTOV 40 at. aTllv
TO KOIVOV TWV AITWAWv. KQTO TOV 30 at. n.X. Il nOAlTlKrl
TOUe; anAwvTOl aE GAll Til LTEpEO 60pEiwe; Tile; ATTlKi)e; Kat
a Tile; To mypaQlIKO UAIKO npoc:pXTOlKupiwe;
ana Tllv Tile; Am0AIKrle; LUflnOAlH:iae; Kal OV TT1V
naAIOTEPTl A1TWA1Krl, aMoEva Tuna BOPIOOUTlKrle; KOlVrle; nplO-
TWV TomKWV 1010TunlWV Kat UTTIKWV OTOIXIWV
HBOPf-lOOUT1Ki) aun; lX Eupia oTov30at. a OAe; TIe;
nploXEe; TTle; TWV AITWAWV.
LTllV 7JUQoa 01 KOT01KOl TTle; 'HAIOOe; Em::lOi. AITW-
AOI, 01 anoiaILOEBaAav auyxpovwe; fl TOUe; 6Wp1Eie; OTTlV nEAonov-
VT100, KaTAaBav TTlV 'HAIoa unoTOaaOV1Oe; 10 axa'iKo QlUAa TTle;
nEpIOXrle;. LXEOOV OAO TO OlaAEKTIKO UAIKG npoc:pXTOl ana TIlV OAU-
\-Inia. LTO TAOe; TOU 30u at. Tl AnlKrl KOlvrl unoKa81OTo OPIOTIKO Til
OIOAEKTO, TTle; onolae; \-Ila avaBlwOTl UTIl
Ki) nEplooo.
To mypaQlIKo UAIKO ana TIe; unOAOtnEe; nplOXSe; -nEVlXPO YlQ
TilV nplooo- EIVOl Kal aE Konota KOl-
dTE 6wplKi)e; dTE EivOl QlUOlKO O\-lWe; va un08s-
on60ploounKse; OIOAKTOl KonoTE Kal a' aUTSe; TIe;
nEplOXSe; ana 10 ounKO QlUAa nou ana TTlV 'HnElpo,
30
EVW QlOAIKci mOlxia nou O OlaAKTOUe; Hle; LTpcie;
npOUn088TOUV npoyvOTPll YKOTciOTaoll AIOAWV.
01 60PIOOUTlKe; olciAKTOI XOUV KOIVci f,l TIe; OWpIKe; yVWp[-
0f,laTO: TOU npwToyvoue; d, TOU F, TOU -TI (FiKOTl)' dana
do, dw (oj.1Epdv: OTOV aaPIOTO KQI f,lAAOVTO TWV Ele;
6pKiow)' -j.1Ee; a' nA1l8uVTlKOU (iKpivoj.1Ee;)
anapllepaTO-j.1EV (eTj.1EV: eTvm)' oi: Ei' KO: ('iv' ano-
TEAIKOU TWV npo8towv(Kar).
IOlalTpa 60pIOOUTIKci: m aVTl oe
(iAmoc tAto8m)' nA1l8uVTlKOU y' KAl-
aile; -Ole; (j.1EIOVOle;: j.1i00l) iv + Yla
KOTu8uVOlle; (tv L1eArpoue;)' op ana I::p
CUOTOpO: j.1f)TtpO). H KOTciAll-
anapllepciTOu -I::V aVTi elV (rpapev:
eptpelV) Kat 11 ljJiAWOll, ollAa-
or'] anOOlwnllOll Tile; oaoEiae; (a

Kat PWTOKtolla (Tponr'] TOU TEAIKOU
e; OE P Tolp TQfe;).

EmfPMHAfIO THN OfIOYNTIA i\OKPII1A
!taJjj llal'ciJ"'ot; ha nocE!ia !taM.
CEG,450.
(E\liW) rov wQaiov flavcEJ.ovr; q wQaia %ovna.
(10U 500-475 n.X.) OE xaQay-
OE EVa 1t1jl.lvO oxucpo, n01) OE rarpo
XOV1o. 0101)S i\ELj3aV0.1ES, orqv 101)
aQxa(01) Onovv10s. 0 Onous (Ofll1QlxO 'On6w:;) ElVaL
onlY'D.la.oaII 1ta1Qi6a101) MEvolnou, narQo101) fImQo-
".1,01),XaL10U AwV1o,10U yL01) lOU OQ.lJJ.
;(0).6 (xa}.w): !toAov' flovrO.EOr; (-EO- aouvaiQ1o): flav-
rEAovt; 1O'U flavriJc,!r;: nav- + d},or;)' ha'
nOrEQio (nor/wio), 811),1)%0, Mas EVW ol!vll-
BES ro mov 101'A!-,-oQyl-
1'0)' "a},a.: Eno.vo.),l1'1j111 rou EmBrou Yla va ;wQa-
rou o. V1lxElflvOU fJ 111v OfLOQqJl& 101)

EfIlfPA<l>H AfIO TOn11Ei\<!JOYL
Tin' Foivov I't '1)(J.gev ie; rofihg0l'0v, ai 1Ji xo. 'PageL, 11L-
J.a5aGT6 rov OlOV hOL xa x({Jaitrat xai fllTaOVUaT:6
XCltCOUUJaT:6nEvrl hgaZl'a, roirrov {)i 'COl xarayopaa-
WI roht!lU!(fov.
C.D. RIICk,o.1r., llQ. SO.
ooivor; va Wlv arpwQdrw ana TO maolO. AI' Xa..rrOIOr; rov
naQEL, va ro1' BEO yw roy onoio iXEL ava/IlXed
!1E VEQO (%Qaat), va nQooC{JE(!fL IIW evoia ;<at
va n},I/QwaEl nivIE OQaxuiC;- TO Il,lllau rov :rwaov va Oo(hi
a' ovrov nov ea xarayyEi},El TO YEyOVDr;.
HEl1:lygaQJ11 (101) 470-450 nX) Elvmxo.gayfLEvll mQV ava-
"11S VC)1WS n),E1)go.101) 01aOio1). TIgoxll-
talyl.a xavovLOflO, oilf-lqJwva !-,-E lOV onolo anayogE1)OWV
X),,01tl1101) xQaoLOU nov nQOOQl<;orav mOavovyw. onov-
Me y,w lfg& OUflJ100la 11:01) 1tQOXUlO vu. TE),WGouv 010
010.0l0. LE &),,),,01)S I.EQou CI.JWYOQE1)OWV l.lH. 11
!O1) )(Qo.lO lOU G1)OlaOIlVOU t,wou.
61WlOl'Q'(FI Ono1) clvm Xo.Qo.','i1f.V()
TONEOINOI',;lOlfW11vcG'Wl oj;:a.ro]' FO/\'U\ B. [0 ,.,;.
OlV01' tQIIflvO): vEo:; oivo,' I'E:,wi' q,aQc-v: ,!'[Qew
ir; (am) Ei;): ix rpaQ tc rpE(jI] I,,},a!;aaro
aOQiOlOlJ lOU [}.a.axoIIW): iAo1;aoOo)' haL: (0' %EQClltrw
(mo),lxo xm O!-'-IlQlxO ;(EQaioJ: %EQavvvlu) xEQaVyVl/ral.
"anOULOa.rO (:<W a.norElaarw !Qo.O'l):arny,oano'IU"-
tw rOl %orayoQwavn: r0 xar'lyoQryaavn: hEluaao,'
iiwoaov, ,lUE -aa- uno"-T/-): iill'av.
o TWV ono TO Tt6pmno
lTOU aq>ltpwoc a TWV TU-
powwv KOI Via TOU Ola nuBloTOU 478
n.X. <l>opcl TO xrrwva TOU KOI KpOTO TO CVW OTO
KCq>O'\'1 <pepcr TOIVio rou Ta XtPIO KOI TO TOU
V'O TEXVI) KOI
'Epvo OlToullaiou TWY
(.o.c'\'<pol, APXOlO'\'OVIKO Mouocio).
MAPIANNA MAPiAPITH-POiKA
31
OTTO rOpTUVOC;. 01 TTOU tXOUV
u'lJoc; 1,75 KOI n!linoc; 0,67-0,69 ncpinou, on6
TTpOC; TO oplITTcpil. H civol 60UOTpO-
01 OTiXOI oKo!lou80uv nopcio TWV
aTO tpopil OTTO npoc; TO oPlorcpaKOI OTTO
Ta aplITTcpil npoc;TO
ArIO TO NOMO Till: fOPTYNAl:
atx'<lvEQ [x]<;<1 yu-
va li<aXQ[lJVOV[T]Ol, TO. ,co. a-'
> _.. .." > 'X
UTW; Exe;v, an xova l 1(-
aQ TOV Ii.v5Qa, xCI' TO Y.OQ110 T-
avvl.tlVQV, at X'El C; 'tOv Fa-
v XQE/-U.l!UV, x6n
yav [EfAlva]v {in
Y.Ql J!Evf o'tQTQavS
I
ol x'6 0.-
v'tQ Glno,; t ro.<;
OC;
R. Willetts, The Law Code oj D4553/4.
Av ivae; civrQw; xw ,wa yvvai!w (17 yvvaixa) va
"Qarel ul HIe; Jl[Qwuoia, W HlV oJ[oia owv
GV!Qa ,,)';, xw ro curo W fwoorylla, av J[QOEQXfWt
mro rry rrye; J[[Qwvo{a, xw W wro avra Jrov E}:U
vrpavEL /-IfU'(J,. (oro aJ[in), 0, n xw av dvat avra,"at][I;VrE
al' 0 civrQac; tlvat VJrairwe; rov
o NOILOS rogTUvuS (YUQW 01:0 450 Jr,X.)
Elvm E'l.1:V IHal:ll ano '(',WO-
OIY"l xm (a.TlOCiCfL 1:0 CWQLXO-U nJitOU ClXULO HIS
To cmoorraolla mQlXEL cW1aSELS OXETlXS flE 1:0
cwtUYLO. agxcil%O !-IE Yo, J[ (lVl:l
X, rp xmE, 0 t, 6) yw w ry, w.
ra Fa avr6e;: ra iavrlje;' [X[V (ixu'): !fxw firt: aHva'
fxova' CExovaa): 6x0v(Ja' tIC (i]u, Xatcrrt>tO,llIlVLXO): anL-
xo .fit: ro xCL!!JrO (rw "Q(!Jrw): roD "O-QJ[ov' ravvc,uivav
(rc,l' 'ipiwl('}If :>1:tf_H lf1O!!O O1I!I(fWVOlJ :<I!O CjJl>lV11f\'l:US)-
:,(111)' i;: rov Few (fujv) rtl1r';s: rwv iClvrijc;' xQcWir61'
(y(!1lW'J.Ullv) K6H (Kui dm): ;wi o1Jnvo,' EVVnaVEl (t"Vr cpa-
VEl Bgux-u CjJwv11Ev): I'Vrpa.1'17t: aradQave;
(oTarfiQl1V,): (JwrfiQae;' "cQl:vawe; (y1IQI:VaWC; VE XUTal,11"
'10, a.no -wc; antXO-we;).
01 illAAEKTOI
AnPIKH AIAJ\EKTOI
OIOAKTOI OH1V nAonavvlloo (AoKwvla, MOOIl-
vla, ApyoAloa, Koplv8la, Axal'a), ma Msyapa, TIlV
Kw, Paoo KOI ma OAAO Vilma TOU NA Alyoiou, OH1V ansvaVTI
Kat OTtC: OWpIKSC: anOIKic: mil N, ITOAla, LIKAio,
mov Boanopo KOI Ta EmOvlloa.
01 i'lwpllc:, oyvwmol mllv 'iAlooa, avapOVTOI mllv 00(;0010
Wc: Eva ana TO uAa TIlC: KOTa TOV HpOOOTO, TO MaKov6v
8voc: ana Tllv nlvoo Kal OTOV s800 mllv nAonovvll-
00 i'lWPIKOV. npoovwc: 01 MaKovol sva ana TO
UAO TWV i'lWP1WV, 11 TWV onolwv CJTTlv nAonovvllOo XPOVO-
AOylTOI mo TAOC: TOU 120u al. n.X, av KOl 0 J. Chadwick TOnoBTi
noM VwplTpa Tllv loo66 TOUC: CJTTlV EAAaoa Ana Tllv nAonovvllOo
01 L'.WP1lc: maolaKa mlC: UnaAOITIC: npIOXC:
H OlaAKToc: \.lapTupiTOI O nMBoc: mypowv ana OIOOpc:
npLOXsc:, orWOVnKClTpc: Til AaKwvla Kal TIlV LTIl i\OKW-
vla 01 L'.wpilc: TOUC: AXOlOUC:, Enl TOU OTPOTlWTI-
KOU KpaTouc: mil LnapTIl OUO 600l1l1C: ana TIC: OIKOYSVIC: TWV
Ayloowv Kal TWV EupunwvTlowV, H OIOAKT0C: OIOKplvTOl O nOAUlQ
(70c: - 40c: at. n.X.) KOl vsa (onc: mypoc: TOU 20u 01. ana Tllv
onola npospXTOIIl
AXOIo[ (MUKllvOIOl) dxov yKOToma8i OTIlV ana TOV
150 at. 01 i'lWpllC: nou KOTAa6av TO Vllol TOV 110 at. n6aAOV Til
OIOAKTO TOUC:, OTIlV onoia Kal OTolxla npoowplKO.
LTllV nplooo KoB naAIl (loxupaTpc: 11 Kvwooc: KOI 11
ropTUC:) onoTAouO IOlalTpo KpOTOC: KOI OUXvo[ Ol nOA\.lOI
TOUC: H iVOl 11 enapKOTpO L'.WPlKi]
OIOAKT0C: (mypoc: ana TOV 80 we: TOV 10 at. n.X), p UAIKO KUpiwc:
32
w
ana Tll rapTUVa 'Oe; TOV 30 aL n.X. anavTouv KQl mypa8e; Tlle;
Hle; yAwooae; TWV TOU VllOlOU, o Mllvl-
Ka aAo611TO.
En[opaOll Tlle; o8x811Kav 0ll1wplK8e; OIOAKTOI ana
TOV 40 aL n.X.,WOTaOO TO TomKO we; apyo OTIe;
mypa8e; (11 we; TOV 30 aL
LTll AOyoTxv[a
A061aKo KQl nlKO OTOlxla. LTllv yAWO-
oa ypoouv 0 BOIWTae; nivoapoC;, 01 'Iwve; BaKxuAlollC;
KQl oMOL nAll0l80Tpa OTllv mxwpla OIOAKTO ypoouv0
KQl01 En[xaplJ0C; KQl LWPWV TWV Lupa-
KOUOWV), O mo 08aKplTOe; KQl 0
TWV LupaKouowv).
Ta KUplaTpa TWV l1WPlKwv olaA8KTwv dVQl:
PllOll TOU npwToyvoue; a (yuva), TOU F (KTae; Paoou, Kw)
([iKaT/: l'KOOl),TOU -Tl (c5ic5wTl: c5ioWOl)' a ana ao, aw ('HpaKM;ic5a,
c5paXjJav: c5paXI1GJV)' 1) ana a (oP17: opal' nAllSUVTlKOU
opSpou TOi, wI: ai, ai' a' nAllSUVTlKou -l1ee; (eupioKol1ee;)'
anap81JQTo -wv(c56W;v: c500vat) OTOV aoplOTO Kat TWV
1C; 1J8MWVO -oi:w, -ow - ai: d'KG:
av TAlKOU npoSi:owv (nap)' ap

vw II
OuTpoyvoue;
anap (iap6e;: iep6e;). H TpO-
TOU eO 0(avi:017K: avi:B17K), TOU 00 h, TO
ono[o apy6Tpa an06MSllK (iviKahe: iviK1)o,
I1wa anal1woa:11000a),TOU -e; o -p (KUavc5pop),
ana TOU
-vo- (Kat OTIlV (navoa:
noaa), -1117 v(ijl11) v: Ivai), LjJiAWOll,
ai,aiaVTl TOi, mi,KQl 11 ana
OTO -w:/v ?a.
"E(!(!EI rax{iJ.a.
Mivoa(!or;0' aJrEarrUa.
JrElVWVU rWVO(!Er;.
aJro(!iopEr;ri;wi]O(!{iv.
EEVOqJlllV, 'DJtjV/.xii J. 1.23.
XaOllUaV (uawarQarpy!uav) ra :nJoia. 0 MivoaQor;m!Oa-
VE. [fElvo.,)v 01 aVrQEr;. LIEV U iIQeTCEL va uaVOV,UE.
ltOU EOTE,).E 0 ultovwJaQXo;
IMOY.Qc!1lj; Ilj vawaxia 1l]; (410 lCX.),
orrou IfxOno6l]"E 0 vauaQXo; Mivoc(QoS. II xaO'
ooov ltQo; 11\2:.,OQllj, ErrEo ora XEQlO. 10JV A6ljvaiwv. !\a-
XwvlXll" <'5wrinwffil xat OWAEXlO;.
xeHa (alto 10 ua[w)'onwavaOIJlQLXO Ctnt brwVJI(y'EVI-
xo lta8ljuy.ou aOQLOtou 101J e;/;roaEvw, OI.(1)QLXO
breaavro)' nEW(Vvu: 7mvWCl[ rwvOQEr; (KQaolj 101J rOI
aVOQEr;): 01 aVOQEr;' onoQWjJ.Er; (cmo anoQeowr;): bro-
QOv,UE,v.
pi]Jii'rovreo" avo(!a, piAa, divwvarataiira
Tefl pl.;ex.iiiJlUQEovror;' O(!/}, yitvat,WS' J'{OOOP1J W.
Oap(JEL, Z(j)Jw(!iw'V, yAIeE{lOv rCi<o,o auh'yn(lItrp;;l'.
EiJiJJJw'VXV, 11-13.
M'l,uv,ar; i'lO. TOO' aVTQa ClOU ro Llivu)vCI, cplAy! IIOV, ira,
EVOJ 0jJ.IXQO, EiVai no.Qdw %oim, yvvClLW, nwr;"E j9Jhr:
[[fQor; TO ,UlX(10J. My! 07:FI'OXWQtEOW, ZWiIuQiwl!, YlcV){(;
110UnwOi' Of jJ-IJ,aEI YW rovImo.,Una OOV.
To ELCllJnLO, )T01J mAOlpoQELTCI[ LVQauGClwl J)
ow, rrE(>LAap0c!.\'l'.[ Tlj ouo L1JgCt"01J(JtWV yUVClI-
YorDV, EYY.01WLl]!u'VWV 01l]V AA;ehogEla, Y.010 1l] Olrtg-
XEla ltQoS t1!IIIV T.OU AOWVL (yuQUJ (JTO 272 "X.).
m5v (OWQI:'<O): ClOO' W)JUU%W (E%IPQCtUTI:.<O;; /)1<,i,aOLaO!lO;
OWlqJOJVOU): rov jJ.t%Qov lW(1EGl'ror;: lfC<(10vro<;' noOo!}!!
(IwTi + oQal): lIQOClOQ(j: rv (),ayO'tE",(VLZO OWQLXO): Cl{
y).VXE(10V, ,;;"Jr; oncp;;; (IQUll'EQli :TQo- .
OlpUJvljOl] tOU 7WTEQC1 EK nmou;J\').
XaAKIVO vtou aKTlvwr6 111<;
ul\lou<; 0, 12 am; TO ICPO TOU AnoUwvo<;
KovTiI 'EpyoTOmKou TOU 50u at. n.X.,
TO TUmKa TWV AOKWVIKWV Amo-
o-OPKO KOI YWVlwac<; cpopacic; KOI
feVIKO ApxaloAoVIKO Mouocio).
MAPIANNAMAPfAPITH-POrKA
33
To xpucra en'!Hi VI TTOU TTaV", eno
OcrTa TOU VKpOU AcpvaKo TOU TOU Myc-
Aou BaorArKou TO<pOU 'EX" pyoolo
TWV <puAAwv KOI TWV KOpTTWV EivolTO
VTUTTwcr,oKaTpo crT<pOVI TTOU OTTa
(Bpyivo,ITcyoenpoTWV Bo",A'KWV TC<pWV).
MAKEl'.ONIKOrMHNEL
A1l0XAELOUXCL !Loxllov,xol: AuJuvafo" AvJvu.fo, (LJExi,u-
f3Qwe;). flqjirto, (lavovaQwe;). JVaT!!O, (<Pr{3QovaQwe;).
2avJtXo, (lvlaQrwe;). Aaiuwr:; (,I'!alOe;). 1100, (lovJ,we;).
f(/!!7Uafo, (Avyovaroe;), 'YJrc!!fJC(!CTafo, (Eurrf/lf3Qwr;).
KOLVol 1<01 aE CLn01), EnYjVIXOV; 10)101);: Jfo, (Oxrw-
f3QlOr;). }\;u)J.afo, (No/lf3(110r;). 'A!!fC/iiuw, (An(lD.wr;).
flava/ior:; (lovVlOr;).
,,[AQD:EI>,
aYIJ/ia (xa, AOXltlV,,,O): EniJ.Exro arQOTov ucnwv
ay"aJ.i" oQmav, Q.{l''1iirovr:; (xor awv 'O!LY)QO):
aErOe;' J!!a/il" dooe; JjJW/lWl)' (xor OQXOOIXO):
am"o {3aQaOQOV' ivDE.a (i-vJia, OYj),UXO 10U &1510,):
/lE01]It/3Qia' "a!!Jraia (Xa.1 aty) Mayvypi.o): door; X0(lov'
"avuia: Eulor; Y.a4V,lI/laror; r1]r; :<ogau/Ov: lIEar!';'
"0(21)' JrtJJ.a: J,ilJoe; wyol'aya (wywv (qa, 8wao)"l-
xo xor OA<p'Y.O wyo,): ,1I0%EOOV",;' O(lXr,' ff),Ula" door;
XOQov' Xagwv: J..lOVUl{JL.
OTTO TnV 'OAuv80 <lJIAmnO (<lJIAln-
noy)(0wooAoviKn.APXOJoAoYIKO Moucrfio).
-..
AN8PQnQNYMIA
(xor 8WOOALXO. arl1:<;: fl.hiaTa Cffo0r1]).
{lXiJ.ao" J(!vxaJ.or:; (oQve; -,- xaJ..ov: Karam<or;,
Ko;(!!irl. Aavi.xrt. AaoM;,,". tXawll(J./lC(]oiAxar; (:1iQOl;;:
niQolxa), flroll:p.aTo;; (xor 0ftllQL"O). <PihT-
JrO,. <PtJ.wwr:;,
01 tllAAEKTOI
MAKEAONIKH AIAAEKTOI
Tov 50 al. rl.X. MaKEoov[a 11 Au-
XV[TlOOC; (Axp[oac;) OUTlKa. aVQTOAlKa. 010 VOTO.
KQL TWV EplYWVO<; KQL OTO 80ppa.Tov 40 Ol.
o()J[ALnnOC; B' npooapTlloE 010 8aolAEI0 TOU Til 10 E06CPIl
KQL NEOTOU Kal Tll<; nQLovia<;.
01 MaKEOOVE<; m8aVOTQTa ana TIlV nivoo OTIl
KQL Tllv MaKEoovia anw8wv1O<; unoTaOOOV1O<;
lMuplKa, 8paKlKa KQL aMa cpuAa. npWTOC; 0 Ho[ooo<; avacpEpEl TOV
MaKEoova w<; aOEAcpo TOU MayvIlTo<;. EVW 0Hp60oTo<; TOU<;
MaKEoovEC; TOUC; lIWP1E[<; (<<lIWPlKov TE Kat MaKEov6v 8voC;")
ON.Hammond 8EWpEl TOUC; MaKEoovEC; lOla[TEpo CPUAO, olacpo-
PTIKO ana TO MaKEov6v TOU Hpo06Tou. Ta E8vlKa MOKE:OVOC;
(OIlIlPlKO paKcovoc;: ul/JT)A6C;), MOKE:OWV (KQL MOKtrT)C;)
txouv POK-llE 10 paKpoc;, pdKOC;: aTTlKoPT7KOC;.
HMaKEoovla OTllv Avw MaKEoov[a "Ta tnavw8Ev
8VIl" MaKEoov[O). OIQLpqltvll OE Tp[a TOuAaXl-
OlOV 8aolAEla. KQL Olllv KaTw napa80Aaooav MOKcoovia", cVla[o
KPOTO<; !JE IlYlJov<; TOU<; Apyc:66c; (ouyyvi<; TWV TIl-
wV TOU 'Apyou<;). Tov 50 al.Ta 8aolAtio aUTO onoTAoGUQV Eva
Eloo<; wiKcpoM<; TOV 6aOlAlo TIl<; (KOTW) MaKoo-
via<;. Tov 40 al. 0()J[ALnno<; B' KaTopYllo Tl<; TomKEC; ouvoOliC; KQL
vla[o KpCITO<;.
Tov 190 KOl TOV 206 al. nOAu, 0XI navToT EnlOlll-
Il TWV MaK06vwv KOl TIl<; yAwooac;
TOU<; KQL PEUvIlTt<;, Til Konolwv
KQL nopa8MnovTo<; Tllv nAIl8wpo TWV OlOlXiwv nou
Tllv AAIlVIKOTIlTO KQL TOU CPUAOU KQL TIl<; YAWOOO<; TOU,
OTl npOKlTQL ElT YlO yAWOOO 6001l
KOI rtlOPOOl<; 8POKOlMUPlKt<; 80011 KQL nLOPOOI<;
AAIlVlKEC;) ciTE Yla lOlalTPIl yAwooa,
anaTIlV TIlv OIEUKOAUV Ilanouoto. tw<; nplv
anaAiyaXpOVlO. OlOAKTlKOU UAIKOLJ (oll-laKOovIKE<; rtlYPOCPE<;
34
ana TO TEAOe; TaU SOU at. O1IlV Kat 10
TUJV 8PUVIlTWV OTIlPiX81lKav one; 150 n8pinou "yAWO-
08e;" (0IaA8KTlKEe; nou napEowoav apxaiOl ouyypaepde; Kat
we; KQl O1OV apK8TQ UljJllAO
OOVIKWV KUplWV OVOIJOTWV. H p8uva OIJWe; O11l MaK800-
via anoKOAuljJ8 TAU1Ola Ta npWTa OlaAKTIKQ (50e; EWe;
apXEe; 30u at. n.X.). 'ETOI 08V unoPX1 KalJla on Il
dVQl OIOAKTOe; Kal 1J8 TIlV onoljJll aun'] OUIJ<Pw-
vouv nAEov OAO KQl n8ploooT8POl 0188voue; KUpOUe;.
fl.laKplTlKO Tile; aVTmpoow-
n8uOll TWV lV008upwna'iKwv IlXIlPWV oaOEWV *bh, *dh, *gh we; IlXIlPWV
B, 0, Y (npo<popo b, d, 9 B, 0, y) aVTi TWV OIlXWV oaOEWV tp, e, X (npo-
<PO pO ph, th, kh) Tile; nx BepeviKa, aopaia,
Mayae; aVT[ TWV Ketpailf], (/)epeViKT), aiepia, Maxae; aVT[OTOlxa. H TPO-
08 TaU KQl 08 8AOXlO1a
av8pWnWVUlJla, 8VW 010 unOAomo UAIKO unOPX81 OUIl<Pwv[a TIlV
H m8aVOT8Pll onOlVIl dVQl on Il
ouvEBIl O11l YAwoaa voe; IlOVO ana TO <puAa nou aepolloiwoav 01 Ma-
K800Ve;. H YAwoaa E061l0 IXVTj a av8pwnwvullia
KQl O "yAWOOC;". 'ETOI Il TauToXPOVTJ TWV
BouKetpailae; KQl Kt:Bwv (,\,\TJVIKO Kttpailf]), et>iillTTTTOC; KQl Biilmnoe;.
Ana TO olaAKTlKO ana TTJ npao<pQTIl I.1A-
Til TuJV anLKWV 8mypa<pwv Tile; MaK800v[ae; KQl ana ne; "yAW008e;"
oUVOyOVTQl Ta xapaKTflpI01lKO Yla Til a. OUTlKO: ola-
TaU d- (f1vTlyova) dana dw (naodv: naaGJv)' -Ka aVTI -rc (ona-
Ka: onorc)' -ac; aVT[ -oe; (BouKttpailac;), B. BOP8100UTlKa: 01 ana oe
(yevOTW), y. 8c:aoaAIKo: ou ana w (Kavouv: K6vwv), 0, anOKA8lO1lKO
llaK800vIKO: -lOoa (BaaiillOoa, MaKtoovlOaa),
EnIfPA<DHADOTHN IlEi\AA
[@cr:iJpar;xaiL1wvvo'Olpwvror; ro riXor; xai roy yapov
xarayparpw xai ray ri}J.av n:amiv yo-
[VaLxJ wv xai 'f:I/flav xai n:(l{!Oivwv, pahdra bi
@ni/lUr;, xai n:(l{!xarriOEpaL MaxflwvL xai
[roir;J Daipool-. wi()n:axa tyw rafJTa
xai rivayvoilrv n:a}.[LJLV
[raxaJ yaflU.L &WVVUOIpWvra, n:gorC{Jov /jiWI' wi
MfJO! ii}J..av yvvaixa ri,V.' ij ipi,
[ipi DJi uvv"awJ'T/paUaL L1wVVUOrpWvrL "ai
IfTlOEpiav ii.V.av. i:dn;vpw<v> yivo-
[paL' (f)iJJav oixriflErE DaipovE;
.., ipUi
[Efv[{jJaipova xai flU."apiav yEViural-.
EM1/VLXlI L1La}.xro}.{)yia 3(1993).
Tq; eniwu; xw rov L1wvvoDipwvra rov mia1/IW yo.,w roy
Oivw ,Uf' ,uo.yw yQa,u,uiva xw oJwv rwv o.U())v yvvw"wv
roy '16./,0, DaEl; clvw ;AQf'; 7wQeiv04 lowlueo. o/,w; Try;
I9crl/,o.; Xat D.JwiJ"'w ra/,o.yw arov '/vlo.w)(ovo. %w urOI';
Oo.I;.LOvE;. Kw o.v ;roriEYW 'w, xw OLD.-
[3o.aw rovro. raJ.oyw, TOrE va lWVTQEVTd 0 L1wvuuorpwv
XW OXL rrQLV' y,ari OE eiAw 1'0. rr6.QEL 6.UI] yvvai>w wro
E/,ivo., a}.J,o. C'/w va YEQo.ow po.(1 W TOV L1wvuoorpwvro.
xw Xo.ll,a a}J.I]. La; LXETEVW, oa(uovE;' {TI] CPI-
}.o.}.., EYW OJLW; V'" ylvw WrvXWflEVl].
MnCt.,pg, E/l/l' 80U1\'(>6.;
Arroorro.oll.u o.rro Emygacp11 (mu380-350 rr,X,) rrov 13g 6'1-
X (i['Iv IlEAlco. co 1986, I1g0XELtCl.l '(ca xaw6EO/l0,
XF.ii"EVO, rr01J ElXE xagaxOEl OE ).,o,o,"a,
Yla va a7rOTQE\jJEL TOV EmxElilEVO yO.iLO TOU OUv1'.!Orpuu TIle
ouvtcongL().;tOU ilE <in'1 yuVCllY.Cl To XEiiU,'VO, nou ;1I0avo-
TaW MIlXEL 1'1v comx11 MClXEOOVlXYI OLa).l:Y.10 (av 11
EAlcH1!'1J rr)''1QOfrOQUDV 'Ita11I V T,)1'; mJVTllxTQII'l;
toub1WL01JQYElY.CmoU'; OJ; UTO), qL<pnVl-
snOUTLXO xuc ablxoTEgu, xugaxTIIQl.Ow.li
f)n(uo.;: UTTlXO f)WTi.p.,t' , ruv ci)"l.dv ;r0.06v: TWI' /i}J,wv
J'((100)V' X1]gdv: 'l.1/QwV' n:o.QxmriOFjl(lt.: rro.Qo.xo.rmiOqloL
ai/OIL' ruxo.: lOrE' ya,UlU: 'I,j/,w' 'IUtol:lw.
H AapvaKa, Bapou<; 7,790 yp., nou OTO
TaU !lyaAou BOl)'lAIKOU Ta<pou T'1<; Bcpylvac;, npliXc TO OOTe;
TaU VtKpOU -rou rl>IAinnou S'- KOI tva BapuTl/lo OT'l'OVI.
01 rrAwp<; T'll; txouv rrAouau, KO, TO Ka-
TTlC; <pEp" TO /lOKE:OOVIK6 C1arpo (Bcpyivo,
ITEyaaTpo rwv BomArKW" TCI<pWV),
MAPIANNA MAPrAPITH-PorKA
35
M. KOVTci
tpyo TOTTl-
KWV H crcU>-
lIiwv, KOPWV) UncptXCI tVOVTI KoponlloaTl-
aUwv ITallcwv To ncpJaaoTcpo KOI
TO KolliJTCpO tpyo O'TOV 20 01. IT.X. To
naplaTci tva vcopo 800'KO nou tva oyKci81
alTo TO n6l'i1 TOU. <!lopei KOI TUTTI-
Ka TWV ov8pwnwv UIToi8pou (Bcpollivo, Apxal01l0ylK6
Mouaeio).
11f!oborov 'A)J.xaf!VTIuuio, [oropiI1, a;rO,}ESt, ijbE, w;
TE ",2 yEVOpEl'a is avOpwjrwv XPVvip isir1]M YEv1]rat,
{pya /U;yahl rE !eai OwpauT(i, ra prv "FJ.A'lut, ra M
pappa{!OUll a;ro,}ex0tvra, aXAeii '1m/rat, ra TE ii2M xai
(It' ij" airi1Jv i;ro2EfJ/wav aJ.A'iJ.otUt.
1!TTopiat, 1, ll!1ooillWV,
'0 'HQaooroe; cUrD rryv A}viaQvaoon bdJiw tow rie; [QEV-
1'/; rov, YUX va. Ilry SEOWQtaoq /'E ra. XQavw 5, n [ytve curo
rove; uvOQdnrove;, WIrE [Qya ,uqaJ,a "ai Oavpaora, nQay-
paronOtTJ,UEva a,Uauno "EUTJVEe; xai a,l),a u.:ro rove; {JaQ-
{JelQOVl;, va. o/Jlioovv aoosa' lowiuQa yivErm ,1,oyoe; 'lui
riJv ahia nov avroi no).iwwav ,unasv rove;
MnCl<pg.6. N. MugwVlTll<;
To ;LEmo 1:11<; LOro(lLO.<; rou Hgo06rou. 0 nu-
r(lu<; 1:11<; 'faroQiae; 010 (lYO TOU, nou arr01:EAEL Hlv TT(lcinY]
(lWVO., OE AOYOtEXvlXO
::110(0 ),0"10 000. xat(,
xu! ITEQOWV. 6.la),EY.ro<; t11<; M, AOlu<;
E1tLXa XClL atnxa atOLXELa.
ioroQbl (urro 10 lorwQ, rrou OXETl!;1ClL ;If W
oloa, lao v) unoOEete; UTTIXO Ow/wura: UTnxo
Oavllaara' ci,,}ra 1:0 EJtLXO "Ua civoQWv.
OIIlIAAEKTOI
U1NIKH AIAAEKTOI
H dVOl Tl BlOAEKTOe; nou
Alcnov OlTlV Eu6010, Tte; KUKAOBEe;
(EKTOe; AvoTle;),
TTl TTl 8000, 010 KE-
VTplKO nopOAIO TTle; M. AOLOe; KQl
OTO KOVTlVO VTlOlO Kat Xio,
Olle; onOIKiEe; OlOV nOVTO
KQl OlTl AEKOVTl TTle; MwoyEiou.
KOlT[Bo TWV Iwvwv, nou yupw
OlaV 90-80 01. n.X. onoiKIOOV TOV
KOl TO nopo-
Ala, Tl Eu60l0, 01 KUKAOBEe;
KOl Tl ITle; nE-
pIOXSe; OUTSe; lXov ana
TTlV EAAOBo, nlSOVClTO-
TO ana TTlV ITTlV 'lJtlooa Ot
'IOOVEe; sAKExITwvEe;" we; ydTovEe; TWV BOlWTWV KQl
TWV AOKpWV. 0 HpMoTOe; SEwpd nOTpiBo TOUe; TTlV (<<lOt B
novTEe; "IWVEe; OOOl on' 'ASTlvsWV YEYOVOOl)' OVOSPEI nione; OTl KQl
010 60PEIOOVOTOAIKO OKPO TTle; KOTOIKOUOOV 'IWVEe;.
nplV EYKOTOOIOSOUV EKEi Ol AXOloi.
Ot 'IWVEe; TTle; M. AOlOe; Eixov we; SPTloKEUTlKa KSVTpO TOUe; TO VOO
TaU nOOElBwvo OTTl MUKOATl, OTTlV TTle; onou Ylap-
KOSE xpavo TO nOVlWVIO. H TOU AnoMwvo OTTl
T] aAWV TWV Iwvwv. Ol 'IWVEe; TTle; M. Aoioe; ons-
KTTlOOV noM nAouTo KOl npoKoAwOV TTlV TWV YEITOVWV
TOUe;. APX1KO TOUe; Ol AuBoL KOl KOTanlV 01 nSpOEe;, ona
TOUe; onolOUe; onEAEUSEpWSTlKOV, YlO SVO TOUe; nEp-
OlKOUe; Ol OVOTOAlKOi Aool YVWPlOOV ana TO EAATlVIKO
UAO TOUe; nATlOlSOTEpOUe; yEiTovse; TOUe;, TOUe; 'IWVEe; KOI
AWOOV OPyoTEpO TO TOUe;, nou 0PXIKO npsnEI VO EiXE TOV
Tuno '1dFOVE:C;, OUVOAIKO TOUe; 'EAATlVEe;
H Iwvio tXEl IBl01TEPTl YlQ TTlV TOU EAATlVIKOU
'EYIVE KOITlBo TTlC; EnlKp,e;nO(TlOl'Y;, TTle; IOTOpIOYPOtp(oC;,
TTlC; <jJIAOOoqJioe; KOl "tTlC; KQl'ovsmUsE lB'lQiTEPO OTTlV

H BIOAEKTOe; TOnlKSe; lBlOlTEpaTTlTEe; KOl BlOKpivETOI
OE: TWV KUKAOBwv KOl
H nTlPEOOTTlKE Vwp[e; ona TTlV 'HBTl
OTOV 50 at. n.X. onlKo OlOlXEio OlTl IWVl-
EVW 010 TSAOe; TOU 40u ot. 01 Enlypose; TWV IWVIKWV nEploxwV
EiVQl TIASOV OlTlV IXETlKO TIEptOOOTEPO Tl
OTTl 8000, onolKlo TTle; nopou.
H nou EnlYPOIKWe; ona TOV 80 ot. TIX., XPTl-
EUpUTOTO OlTl AOYOTEXVlO. E[VOl Tl yAWOOO TOU tnoue;
QlOAIKO OlOlXEiO), TaU KQl TTle; EAt:yioe; nlKO
OlOIXEiO). EAYEIOYPOOl: Ol 'lwvC; KOAALVOe;, a !\6Kwvoe;
TUpTOLOe;, a ASTlvoioe; IaAWV, 0 MEyopsoe; 8tOYVle;, KOVTO OlaV npo-
36
<1>oPIKO 'Aoyo c;lVat nO[1l01l TOUe; APXi'Aoxo, 21l1lW-
viOIl, InnwvaKTa. 0 'Aayoe; c;lval miOTle; olllllouP-
Ylllla TWV Iwvwv. XPIlOlllonolc;lTal 11 Tile; owoEKcmo'Alle;
Tile; M, Aoiae;. 2TIl y'Awoaa nou OUIl<1>Wvc;l Til y'Awooa TWV
Emypa<1>Wv, ypa<1>0UV a EKQTaioe;, aHpaooToe; Kat aInnoKpaTIle; ano
Til Kw.
H iXElKOlVa TilV Ta XapaKTIlPlO1IKa:
TaU a '7 OWplKO avnllTaxwPIlOll,
Tile; nooaTIlTOe; TWV <1>wvIl8VTWV ana
owplKa -01 ana-Ii(i5Ii5wOI, i'KOOl)' vu(ipOU01V,
tAyV)' npwlllll anoOlwnllOTl TaU F(tpyov ana Fipyov)' aVTwvullla
(OWpIKO 'Aw6laKoaflflcJanapill<1>aTO-VOl (iVOl) llaPIO
avo OUVOWIl0C; d.H ana Tllv 010 anOlaTIlPc;l
aouvaipna TO 0, 0, w (trw,IA8OflV) KOl TO npollYou-
IlnaTllv anOOlwnllOTl TaU F oUIl<1>wvlKa oUlln'A8Ylla-
TO ana H ana l/JIAWOll Kat
11 TTlC; EptrplQC; ana PWTOKlOIlO, TaU Ilwo<1>w-
vllEvnKou 0OE P(nolplv). e-ol-
f'tt ffit tt
gT 1'111 Is4j1
<D8bVO't0C7
To ana aTOV apll:m
po TOU onoiou Eival
To 1,90 tXEI TOV
Tuno TOu TO xtPIQ KOI EVW'
TO 'Epyo aVTlnpoaw
nEUTIKO TOU E8vIKO
ApXOIOAOYIKO MouaEio).
Ef1IfPAHAllOTHN EPETPIA
rei pm,ii' J/yiJ.ol.oV rvv Ta{!avrivov
E{VW xai tVE(!yir'lv xai auroy x[a]ilraibw;"aiuil"/{!tv
Elvwxaiaurw,xailralQiv,oravi[;r],J'I/.Iiw{!,v...
C. D. Buck, The Greek Dialects, uQ.13.
AnocpacJLae 'I {3ovklj HyiJ..oxor; TaQavriYor; vel EiyW
xwweQyirT/r; xat iowr; xwOt yw'rov xmva
nUQixcrwJT//.IOalaOtarQoC{"ixmaroviow%a,orovr; ywvr;
rov,OWy{3Qia%oyrm or'lV 710),'1..
ano EQE1QLEWV (10U rO,ousrou
50U at nX.), 10 onoLo Uf.laWL H'!)coxoS arro roy
TaQavwl{(lL OV0f.la!;EwL 0TlVootOs (jlL-
AOS, X(lLweQyin7r;. H au,li o,ovll"fJoxo
X.aL moue','IOUS 'OU, ErrWS'li rrAola ano roY TUQavw mw-
,EAwav VEgoS lOU mAonOvvTlOtmwu Ol:()),OL', :'[OU 10 411
rr.X. VbO]Of 10US A8Tlvalous "at J'QE1Qta
arro n]v ,0uS.
rEi; rfl'{30kijl (jJovlii1)' airf)Qlv:oirT/my imol7/dwQIV: mu-
"0imoT/,uwmv.
\f Bl9op8 Irv
o
30\tO 41oTo8
EmfPNIJ(-JAnOTIIL'.[-)/\O
Ntxavo{!'1 /.I'aviOtxcvh<E>kIJPoAo, iOl.wi{!'11,
96(!'1Anl'ooix'lOroNahaio, huol.Or;a),ljov,
JElVO/.lEvWr;oi:xalJlyvf.rl), (/Jh(JaJwo J'!i?,OlOr; v[;)v].
M. Guarducci,L'Rpigrafia Greca, 0'.51.
HNl%U.l'OQo. lie o.cpdQIJJoc Of'l" EvaroXII ro,'0[[60., '7 ,,6Q17
wv Llw'ooixov ana r17 'I mo onouoaia o.vapwo.
aur; aU:e, aoeQcplj rov LJEll'o/livour;, X(J.[ U/IQ{/ yvvwxo.
rov 1)Qasuv.
L,,.ygarp1l l()JV WU 70u C1.L. rrX"
OTQOlpllOOV OlaV a,QLotEQO tll AgTq'llS
(li "'Is avaOE1QLaS N,,,ctvIiQa,;). ro orro[o 1] NJ%((vOQCt
acptiQUJoE 011] (JEt:!. (-J fmYQa<ri, orov WJ10
,auO\lI),ouv,OS ImonAfLTal ana 't Ht; ba-
xnl),LY,OUS uQXo',xo al.qJa[\l]
ro e, t, a) ,(,aTO 11, Ui, 01', xatf) ,ILOVO Yia
1:0 (reOnO nourrQoEgXEll.tLorr6 d, Kf\'1QIY,ll IwvLy'll,
h<E>%17(30),at: OOl:LY,111:OU (f,a/J1l; (3ai.?w), ou-
Oiotou TllS 'AW c:n8,;lOu W'U AilolJ"II1va'
ioxiwQa (lor;: jJilar; +l.iw), rt:QOOluvulIla rl];
AQ1ql11S 90QT/ (;'/oVQI7): amy,6 "oQ17 (9 ()Vllx '[QtV (lrro
0)' CJELl'ooixT/o: yvlx1i 1:O\J LJElvo,lixlK Nahata
I-'-f ha yLa 1:0 (ciAUwv) 8l])cuxo: omxo CiJ.J.ftJv
rphQ6.hao (rJ;Qasov),
MAPIANNAMAPrAPITH-POiKA
37
EmrPM1HAilOTHN A8HNA
AV(Ja"i6
[ri"ErO bi TtIllO-vbg 6
aKtoal'f br'EufJ6lib 6,
iy Kopi"OWL ero"Kivu iltJriwv.
M.GU3rducci,L'Epigrafia Greca, cr. 401.
oLle"uw)e;, 0 YIOe; wv I1voaviov anD ro 01]/10 rov 80QL'
I<OV, )'evvI]OI]%e 7[[aexovroe; TnaavoQov (414/]nX), ni
Dave en[ aQxovroe; Ev{Jov),[Oov (]94/3n'x') KoeLVOO,
QJto rove; ni"u vmde;.
mYQacplj an] 01;,])'11, ITO\)
xOaflElTaL allo Eva uvaYA1Jcpo: 0 nxoao.f:l:1it;
wt;, E<ptIT1l0t; 1l0Aqll<Ttlit;, tOy UVTl.itQAO TOU. 0
vEOt; ay.oTw811XE movxOQ,v8,01l0 rroJ,qw,xaLI) ODwYEvEla
ro1J taTT)a a,11 flvrWT) ,O\) TTlV 0' arov
To aWJ.La 'O\) VEXQOU lXE f:V,u<pLa<J1El aUou.
LlO ylvnm6lU'XQL0l1 TWV I], eXULW, o.
CI SlA W; (W O\!v8mxo ),ewe; Uj10 ),ao<; . ).1/0<; fI
WXWQ11al]):OWQlXO Lle"[J.aoe; i)' KOQlv()(iJL: 1' KOQLvDr.p.
TO' cvcy.l.u<jlc TW'J K.l.ca'Kwv Xpovwv cival cpya
Me; , TTOU <jlavpw'IOUV Kat TTjV
KOlvwviae; TTOU TO Mlc CTTO Tie; EUyEvt<JTC'
pEe; OTTlletc; tpyo Kopu<jlciou y'\umTj, ivCl I) TTjC;
(yupw OTO 410 TT.X.). H KOPI), <J Il'o
KOI XlT<ilvc Kc' KpOTEi TI)V
TO TTOU npo<J<jltp1 Scpo'
CTTtVOVTi TTje;, A<jlOTI) S.l.itlJl) KUptOPXEi ara Tlpc<Jwrrc
TWV YUV<IIKWV ESVlKO Apxclo.l.OylKO MOU<JEio),
AilOT'-!N:\'fT1KH
1/1" IPi!u.O xhill.;; xeXUOlJ!'(/.L aid,
avri y6.//6.Tapa Oeo" roiiro }.ax0(J' OI'OPII..
Y.l>uhOln,[ntmdllction GlLr dialeCles grecs Gm'iens, ag. -17.
A litO clvQL ro ,w'li,au <PQaa{;lJ.e'a,. ea ovo/la!;,O,llOf. )'W
:U:Ll'W arpou aVTD 'W ol'opap.ov JAIlxe wco TOV, (hOlJe;.
C1llYQCl!l!ICl aE ani),il, .LllVW onlv
onola TO T1']t; xog'llt;, Eva
;alQw1t;AlUOT1']WC; XDtXaQYJt; yAUitTO, EQYO to\) IloQw\)
AQlaTlwvo<; (yuQw <TtO 540 ITX). XQ11olfwrrollwt ag'Xai
%0 J.L e,(!!,wYQci(iJi t, 0) YlaTa I], w. ou.
ot,aa (aii/ta): OlllJo.OL fiE 10 orrolo6,]Awvowv11 UllaQS1j Ta
<pOU: 1..6rpo<; XeOparoe;, OWQoe; =0 :rirQE<;,%iwv %E
xJ.caOf./QL (xf%J.l]aO,IIW) %al yo./tCj (yo..
,lI.ov) Ocov (eewv) J.aXoa' (l..axoiiaa).
01 t.IAAEKTOI
ATTIKH 41AAEKTOI
H nou va o yAwoOiKO opyovo,
rll:ov 1l0I' Aet<tOe; no,\Ile;, tile; H OIOAKTOe; OUV081;-
Tal OTVOTQTO TIlV TIlV onoio nptn1 va onoTAouO
KQTO Til nplooo VIOlO ono Tllv onoio
onoonooTIlK apyOTpo. nOVTWe; KOI
llJoponolTwve; KOI ono H1V TWV IOTOPIKWV
Xpovwv
H nou OTO TAOe; TaU 60u QlWVO n.X. ontKTllo Oq!lOKPO-
TlKO TOUe; npOLKOUe; llJ80o O
AnKTllo Til Tile; npWTIle;
OTIlV onoio 01 nploochepe; nc,p080AOOOle;
KQl VIlOIWTlKe; nOAIe;, nou Kupiwe; IwvOllJwve;, TOT
wiOIle; Qv81l0f'] OTIe; TXVe; KOI TO H yiVTOI yAwooO
npLWm'je; OKTlv060A[0. Eow OTwooioe;
Il KOI npoe; TO TAOe; TOU 50u 01., TOU
38
MAPIANf\jA MAPrAPITH-POrKA
onlKOU AOyOTEXVIKOU A6you fj EniopoOll TWV OOepl-
OTWV, KUp[We; TOU 10PYIO anaTOUe; AEOVTivoue;. EIVOlll nEplo-
ooe; KOTU Tllv onoio OllfjOVTIKe; oMoye; (npIOpIOfjOe;
OPIOI.lVWV OTIlV OIUAKTO, nou OIOKPIVTOl
TOI O 0PXOlOTPll (we; TO TAOe; TOU nAonovvllolOKOU nOAI.l0u) KOl
voTPll (we; TO TAOe; TOU 40u at. n.X.). Tov30at. II OIUAKTOe; unoxw-
Pl OTllV npnl va 0llfjIW8l on nopuAAllAO fj Til yAWOOO
TWV 1.l0pepWfjVWV OIOnlOTWVTOl II fjlOe; AO"iKoTPlle; YAWOOOe;,
nou nlOTOnOllTOl EnlypOeplKWe; ana Tllv nplooo. 2Tll
yAWOOO OOKOUV sniopoOll OTOIXElO.
H nou KOI EMllv10T1-
we; fjE TllV KOI
Tile; KOTU TOV 50 at., II YIVE TO opyavo Enl-
KOlVWvioe; TWV lwvaepwvwv nEplOXWV nou OTIlV OUfj-
fjOX[O. 2TOV 40 Ql. ana Tllv nou OXTOl Enl0pUOEle;
KUp[We; IWVlKe;, oMuK01UMe;, OIOfjOpepWVTOlll nou OTOOIO-
KU Tle; uMe; OIOAKTOUe;.
H EivOl II OIUAEKTOe; nou fjOe; lVOl nplooaTpo
anaTO nM80e; TWV EnlVPOepwv, nou anaTOV 80at., KalOna
TllV nAOUOlOTOTIl Ana TO AOYOTXVlKU Pyo
nAllOIOTpa npoe; TllV OfjIAOUfjVll OIUAKTO lVOl 01 KWIlWOIe; TOU
APlOTOepUVll To OIOAOYlKU fjPll Tile; Tpoywolae; snlOlle;, av
OOUfj Kunola lWVIKU KOl OWplKU OTOlXdo, OVTOVOKAOUV Tllv OfjIAOU-
fjVll Tile; Ko8apae; AoyoTEXvIKOe; Aayoe; (snllPWOfj-
voe; ana TOUe; OOepIOTe;) EivOl II yAWOOO TOU GOUKUOIOll KOl TOU
nAUTWVO, TOU Llrwoo8Vll KOl TWV uMwv PllTapwv. npOOpOfjOI Tile;
npnEI va8EWPll80uv 0=EVOepWVTOe; KOl 0Apl-
oTOTEAlle;, nou naipvouv IWVIKU OT01XElO ana Til YAWOOO,
ana Til OIOfjOpepOUfjEVll EVW TOU
nOAOlOTEpOU, npoooeplOTlKOU, Ko8apou onlKOU Aayou dVOl II
ABT)vaiwv rWAnda.
H XEI KOlVU fj TllV YVWp[OfjOTO: TOU
npwToyEvoue; d O T) KOI TOU -Tl OE -oc OVTlfjTOxwPTJOll epEAKU-
OTlKO vu' npWIIlTJ onOOlWnllOTJ TOU F' OVTWVUfjlO r7111C;' onopl.l-
epOTO -VOl' fjOOIO avo d.6.ta.SPEI rmo TTJV (no
OTI OIOTTJP1 snOVOeppl) TO d fjTU TO , I, P (OTTlKU: yvo, iOTO-
pia, wpo, lWVlKU yVr7, 10mpiT), WPT)), OUVOlP1 TO 0, 0, (<J (ETT),
IAOUI1V, yvwv), OEV EKTdvEI TO npOTJYOUfjEVO fjTU TrlV
onOOlwnTJOll TOU FOE OUfjepWVIKU OUfjnAWOTO ana
IT oVTi 00 (BaAana) KOl TpnEI TO po OE pp (oniKO
aPPTlV, Bappac;, lWVIKO aporyv, Bapoac;). ?6-
ATTIKOC; OKU<jlOC; nplMou lou
al. IT.X.) 0api(j dlJi noreplov: cilJO/ ry
Kouna rou fJappia. To ival aTOV Tuno TOU
TO TO aVTIKilJVO avacptpoVTac;
TO TOU Mouoio Apxoioc; AyopciC;).
au oiJv xai fTcvia, vio, illv 0 "EgOJ, i:v roWlrrrJ
rUXJl XaO[OTT/XF;;. trflwrov jii:v Jri:v1J, tiEi [OTI. xai troJ..Xov
&f anaXO, u xai xu).. o" o[ov oi troUoi o[ovrat, aV,a
xai airtp1]f!o, xai avVnOfJTrrO, xui /i01XO, ,
fD.a:rwv,LVflxoatov, 203 cd.
'De; viDe; AOtJtOV wv fToQov xai TIle; fTviae; nov cLvw 6
"EQwe;, ouf43aivft ware xaular:auic; rav va clvw
fTgWTa ngwTQ elYW aiwviwc; nrw;(OC; xai ,alBe aUa nag"
C:lJw},oe; xai wQafoc;, onwc; !OV 6x6uJloc;. :A v[(-
BErwe; ElVal !QaX!;C; xai GnEQtJroi7jTOC; xai GVVn00'lTOC; xat
aCJrEyaC; .
OL tna),oYOll:Ol! m.cnlOva etas blvol!v >tWV w<ova1Ol! xa-
GaQO'Il amxou),oY0l! !WV xo.1J\L QYlWEVWV AB1']valwv. L10
LV,=omo, JTO'U E[VaL Evaana10 aglO1:Ol!Q-
y11[taTa T1']S yga[l[laTElaS, Et,WVclTat TJ OuvarL1']
10V 'Egww arro TOl!S JtUgLaWll VOl!S, rrOl! 0l!yxEVT{l{O()11-
xavyLa vaYLogTaOOl!V T1'] vi.x1'] TOU bga>taTougyouAyaGw-
va0'EVa oLaywvLo"otgo.ywowv.0 LwxQat11S,rral{lvovws
W ),0"10 m:o TEAOS, a<p1WeLWL ooa,orrws LaxuQll;EWt, wu
arrO)(a),UljJ1'] /-lavnooaIlLOTl/-la: 'EQwwS oev E[VaL GEOS,
a)\),o. oallLovas ava>twa OtO" av()glOrro XL W 6EO, clvaL
YLOS T1']e; flvlas xattOU nOQ01.J. 0 nOQOS elVat 1'] ngoaw-
rrOnOl1']01I tllS EUQ11IWtl)(OTlIWS xaL t1']e;
aVl:I.l.lE1:Wma1']e; ouoxo),wv )(aW01aaEwv. LtO rragan8 !-"E-
vo XWQlo mwgt8[tOuvraL Ot Lbt0t11tES rrou EXEL 'Egwwe;
we; YLOC; 1:11 DEvlas AutES Ot tbtotlltSlvelL XC1QaXTllgLon-
XES wuawxganxou (XaL )(UVLXOU) tgonouI;lOlle;.
39
EnEA nTEPOENTA KAI AN0H TH, nETPA,
4HMnAHI KAI KAGOMIAOYMENH
Er(!El/llal!rr;: i!ai trwq ()Lr.aiwq; oemq J) 'vaLrr.(l!vrt (T' i\;iO(!El/Ja
ai(JOavbpevbq (JOV travm 0"VOOLT/f;.
d Iltv yE fJ(!UV EltrOtf;, tyw (You, iiI' trlElV itrirr/.ov
flappiiv ()' liv aLni(Tal'ro" (JOt I{!i(!wv av ii(!rov
xar.y.iiv J'til' OU;' {rpOT/, Cfi(!il.(Ta" xi:lyw la{Jwv Ov(!a!;
iiv :wi ,T(!OV(T'jOfl1lV (TE.
AQLatOlpUV1l" NtlpiJ.w.1380-D85, K. J. DO\'fr).
J1E ro oino, aoaivrQonE, nov tyw a' clvcwTT/aa;
"0, n aro vou (TO v, TO 'vlWea, XL a,wEvod;e, aXOfla.
'EY.aVEr; ,UJlOV xat aoli 'oLva va nUlr;aav T' aYQL"oiiaa'
ILa,w> oral' SI/WEr;, hQExa xai (Tali 'rpEQVa 1/J(j)flaxL'
(XQX- ?to. 00. rpwval;Et;, EUfJl)(; 0'
(T' E{3yasa ESW xai flneOe; J10u af. "QaToliaa.
MEtacpQ. LWUQOU
Euy AOLJ[OV
I
H vEa JWU ELOT)YELTaL 0 LwxQa-
tT)e; xaL OL rrEQl Cl'lnov E'Tll(?l;tn T11 XELQOOLxi.a aXO[l11 xm
EvavTLov TOU 0 LTgf1jna011e; WOTOOO 8U[llt,EL
mov axagLmo yw TOU, TOV <!lL(wrrdl5il. OXT)VEe; uno TO rra-
g),80v. To SElpgo.t, OTTj
TOU qJ1!OLXa y),wooa n<; lOU o.vaYXe; xm 0
mOQ'ILXOe; mnEgo.e; EumuoE va TO nLxougl1un. To
AESIA0-YLO EmflLwvL we; (3eii (u_}!Qv: VEQO),
flafl.ad (reolpl/, rpaYI/To), xa",,6_ Ana 10V AQW10CV;.VTj
mLOlle; rrwe; To. PgEqJ1'J arcoxa),oucJ( v lTj
ga TOUe; ,aafl,aLa rov no.TEga TOUe; nannia.
01 'EMllVe; EpaoTte; TOU npOq,OpIKOU Myou, q,UOlKOU Kal n:-
XVOUPYlll-.ltVOU. KQl TO ypama Ta OUVQTo.
Til Tllv ouomoTla, EV[OT KQl EX8pOTllTO.
onu80yopoe;, 0 LWKpOTlle; Kat oMol OOOl OEV KQTtYPQljJOVTll 0100-
OKaAia TOUe;, LTllV loiwe; nlOTEUav on TllV QlWVlOTllTa
oV TllV 11 OKAllPoTllTO Tlle; ntTpae; OToAae; -Lll-
581), onou 11 aMo 11 WVrl TOU
nou OTO antpavTa nEoia Tile;
KOTaV1Koua TO Tile; M811e;. AVTiolKll -Ana TOV Aoyo TWV
nOlllTwv ow811K o,n ix KaTOypaq,I. Ana TOV
PIVO Aoyo TOU XOVTpOU Aaou (0 0 Koopooaytae;, 0
nopv060aKOe;, 0 aMoVTOnwAlle;, 11 KupOTOa, TO ypciiolO, 11 OUPVOPIO-
oa) OEV ow811Kav napa EAclXIOTa AdljJova, Kl aUTO we; 6w60.
01 yAwoOlKte; OTllV apxa[a EMMa oV rlTOV
(OlQq,opte; olaMKTwv), aMo KQl K08nEe;. LE K08
noAll-KpOTOe; 0 TllV OlOAEKTO, nou
OUVEXWe; KOI oUOTponouoE OTllV nEl8apx[a TWV Kavovwv. <lJUOIKo 11
YAwooa aV6i\oya TllV KOlVWVI-
Krl npotAuall, TO TllV llA1K10, Kat TO q,UAO TOU
01 nllyte; Yla TOV q,UOlKO, Aoyo dVQl Kupiwe;
Emypaq,te; aE ayyda, a ru\OKEe;, TOIxoypa-
q,te; (graHiti) Kat
H (YVlKOTpa 11 0 q,UOIKOe; Myoe;) dvOl
tKpa01"Je; OpnOll 0
KaTOq,UYEI OUXVO O llaTO, OpKOUe;, PllToplKte;
ouoawpEUOEle; KOl 0 Aoyoe;
TOU iVQl KQl napOOTanKOe; KQl
ana KQl EKq,pOOEle; nou OIUKO-
AUVOUV waTOOO Til ZWllpte; XElPO-
KQl
ytAwTOe; auvoououv auxvo TOV Myo
TOU. H EivQl KQTO Kavova
KQl moue;
OToolO 0Tll
Kf11 OTll yArJJOOa (Kpa:lKrl,
1\11 Kat nou Eival
anOTf\8l 11 Yla Tllv
yAwooa TOU
TOe;, TO onolo onOTAoua Til POXOKOKaAlO Tile;
..;
TOU EU<\lpoviou
CTOIPWV Mouoclo
TOQ. yIO yAwaao<; orrOTC-
AOUV 01 ac oyyclo, KOI OTOV
rrpOKCITOI flOVO Y'O rrpoawnwv, y'o (xaTpt
Koi rriEI, 17w 11&) ylo 01 OYYEIOyp<i",OI
rrpotpxoVTOV ono TO AO'fKO !jTOV
Kal tYPO<jlOV orrw<; oxpl6w<; ITIlV oYYlo-
ypo<jlia En; TOU EUljlpov;OU TO
TWV eTOIPWV (naAa/OTW Koi Ll'iKpa)
KOI no",ltpwon TOU KOTT06ou (Tiv Tavoc AOTaoaw, M:aypE').
KOlvwviae; Mia opuoPrl tOTW IKova ono Tllv Ka60-
Iloe; naptxouv TO AOYOTXVlKO 1011 nou
VTOl we; tva TOV npooplKO Myo, 01 i5l0AOYOI TOU
nAOTwva Kat 01 TOU AplOTOq,OVll Kal TOU MEVOVOpOU,
'ETOl n[ Aoyou, onwe; 11 npOATjljJl1,
11 TOU Tile; OEUTEpEuouoae; npOTO-
01"Je; we; TOU Tile; Kupiae; (np6A, nAOTWV,
EUeUOr/l.IO<:;, 294 c: 0108a onoooue; 600vTOC; SXE1'
MOT8aioc;, 6, 28: TO Kp[VO TOO oypOO nwc;
OlV) q,a[vnQl va iVOlIOIOTunisc; TOU q,UOlKOU AOyOU.
40
"AV01E,T) /-IT]" eo /-lac; oouvs" TE:pac;" -AUTSe; ne; AsE;sle;
OOywyIKO,
Mlo lOloTunll nsplmwoll OUVl010UV TO TWV nOASWV,
nou 6p[OKOVTOV am; saxonse; TOU KOl slXOV
2:s OUTSe; ne; nOASle; TO SMIlVIKO OTOlXslO OUyKpOTOUOS TIlV no-
KOl 0PXIlYSO[O, SVW 0nOAUe; AOOe;
OMOSSVsle; KOl oMOSpool. 2:TO SMIlVlKOAomov TWV nOASWV SKslVWV
So npsnSl va slXOV OV ana TO TOU
InnWVOKTO, noMse; E;svse; M:E;sle;. Ol YAWOOlKSe; cjlOlVSTOl OTl
SVOXAOUOOV TOUe; Tile; 'ETalTIlV nopocjlSo-
po OTll cjlWVOAOYlO KOl Tllv TunoAoyio slOOe;
onoTsAsl 0 11 TOU xaipo/-lGi
OVTl TOU xaipw, OTO onoio SPUAslTOI OTI unsnsos 0 O1pO-
111yoe; TOU L'>.OpslOU Mne; (6A. AplOTOcjlOVIl, EiprjvT), 291). 0 opoe;
OOA01K10/-lOC; nou TO OUVTOKTlKO AOSOe; nposPXSTOl ana TO
ZOAOI (> OOA01Ki[,w > OOA01KIO/-IOC;), nopoSOAOOOlO nOAIl
OTIlV KLAlKIO, TIlV onOlO slXOV lOPUOSl onOIKOl ana Til POOO yupw OTO
700 n.X. 2:Tllv nOAll sYKOTOOTOSIlKOV KOl ASllVOlOl, Ol onoiol
TOV KOlpO Til OlOASKTO TOUe; KOl 0PXlOOV va unonlmouv
as OSIVO YAWOOlKO ToS,\AIlVIKOTWV OOUAWV Sonpsnslva
Tpl06op60po OV ana TOV LKuSIl OTle; BE;-
O/-lOOP1Q[,OUOSC; TOU AplOTOcjlovll (1104): ropyoTOl KOYW ASyl, KTA.
OTO nou 6p[OKOVTOl, 0
(00. EAUTIle;, Kol lj.!llcjlIOW1() Yla avolE;11 OThv
To 'ETspoeaAf}, 1974, 12) OSV So ne; nOTs 010
svoe; OVTPOI 0 YUVOlKslOe; Myoe; siVOlnovTOTS OlOcjlO-
psnKOe; OTOV OTIl oUVTOE;Il, OTIl
Ot OTllv npocjlopo, TO TO unOKopl-
onKO, Ot npoOcjlwvi]OSIe;, Ol cjlpOOSle;, Ol
KOl TO ouxvo OUVOlOSll
(ySAIO, AUWOi, cjlTUVOUV KOTO npoowno Tllv
OUTOKUPlOPXlO. An6 Til
TWV YUVOlKWV OTIlV 0PXOlOTIlTO SXOUV OlOOWSsl
(2:oncjlw, K6plvva, K.O.). rlO TOV cjlUOlKO YU-
VOIKslO MyoOl nAllPOcjlopise; dVOl SAOXlO1Se;. 0 nAO-
TWV 011!'SltlJVSl (KpOTUAoc;, 418c) onOl yuvalKse;
TIIV oPxoiov cjlwvhv (OIQASKTO; npocjlOpo;) Ana o;(OAIO-
OTSe; onTa KOPlTOlO cjlUOlKO va
nOlouv nOAAO unoKoplonKo KOl OTl Ol YUVOlKSe; slXOV TOUe;
OIKOUe; TOUe; 6pKOUe;: /-10 TW esw: /-Ia TT) i'Jr)/-IT)Tpa KQl TT)V nspos6-
vT). EE;unoKouSTOl on as KOlvwv[a nou SSWpOUOS Til
010A10l YlO ne; YUVOlKSe; Arac;, 293 yuvOlE;1 h
OlYh cjlSPSl) novToTs oSovo mnspl YlO 60se; ano-
va sKcjlpoosle; KOl OcjlPOO[OlOUe;
Aoyoue; (np6A. EuplnlOIle;, 'HAiKTpa, 945-6). 1>&-
nou TO 1958 Ava-
Buaao KaJ XpovoAoydTaJ yupw ara 530 n,X. Ii
Ttpa nou noplO,.ovorav m8avoToTo KpCllliJVra<; TO
ara y6varQ TO KaJ TO OPI(JtepO Xtp.
TOU ano niawTO K<j>6At. 'Eva OIOTptXEI TO
TOU nOIOIOU ITOU t<j>uyc npowpo Via TOV TWV
pwv E8vlKO APXOIOAoYIKO Mouado).
M. Z KOnIMKHl:
A8YPOITOMIEI
H a8uQO<ft0/llanOl! /)\1 <ft0 n),aloLO "Ill<;
O'teQoTUn1]<; QunuQot1lta.<;XUL E'1.L MOtasltl] xel](J1110-
81\QlU tou XUIiUlOU E'1.l XUtL to nOll]tLxo. El'.ltoQ'tUI
mro111 /),0.801] tW\'XUtUtl]/lEvWV /lu8wvXUt
ltaVW Oto 8aQQo<; MeolJbOXllTWv lJUVlq.
/lWv.A:tuITlt1]vitU8U(lXlUt1]<;: >1011 Otl]tUi;XUL ltQOlHjlE-'
QltlJ VEWV OlttLXWv.0 U8UQOOTO/lO; ElVUl EvUi;
ltOl! 1] Wfl(lTIltu11];Xl,l(lw4I;,u; uno-
1),111] toU.
Dut{JitlJl{tAbufIOJtOU),OIJ,
A8uQO<fto,.iuxmfla8\l/llU,To nr,pa, 30.6.96,
yLa aXOA.a(JT; YUVCiLX; (wro
TO EQYO TO'lJ IO'lJI]TWVLO'lJ, llEQi j3J.aarp1f1.Unv): ULo!;r1, xo-
aaJ.j3cu;, AalXliarQw, cpoQj3ar;, anoe\1aL},mJQu., xa/lamJn1,
flvaaxVTJ, oi!fl.0r;, j3oQj3oQon1, J.EWcpOQOr;, flavlO,aF/oc;, E[Ai-
noue;, aarvQa, yEywVOXWfl.1, XVVELQa, x.6..
KaTC1Q;: anoJ.oLO, oLar.!Qayr:i1e;, o(uwtnv Uyw
aOl, [QQ' tir; xDQaxar;, (fnoyE ir;/laxaQiav, ir;%EcpaJ.!;v aot.,
/11 wQaaL lxowec,anay'ie; rovcp8DQDV.
41
H nVUKO. OUyKCVTpwVOTaV II EKKAIIOio TOU
0, oyopcuov OTO 010 6pilxo
cvw TO oM60e; OTCKOTOV <JTIlV n),nrcio.
MCTO TO KAOO'lKO XPOVIO II Tile; EKKAIlOloe; TOU
'i'tp61lKC 010 6tOTPO TOU il,o\'uoou (Philipp von Foltz, 0 nCpt
oyopCUtt OTTO TI)V nVUKQ, 1852).
!:(j)i({lelrTJ'. ,,"oo;l:v Jrov rprym -rfi pov},fi ij -r(O
ij afJrporCtJol" ;wiii, r&D>, TOV aVTUV olj }.i'l0JV
pula IlcfJvw, ;eai 0 1lV'I'I(!arpcv" bmw
jiyu paa TOUrO. hnofLXvvfJEVOC; ro" bralVFml, -rTrv
iavTOli (Jorpiav, h'/oTC JrelVU JrOlry(JelfJO'oc; uV)'-
ypafJpa fi (JOI (i}10 n rpaivaal ro ruwiirov qA/;ro, troy-
Yf"I(}afJPEvOr;;
<PaifJ!!o" 258 a.
LWX(!arrye;. ;tie,a oVYY(!WpEo.e; 'anorpo.owf ry {3ovJri' ri '0
ri xalOt ovo, ',UETo. ano nQoro.OI] TOO' TeLOC', xO,unu-
xal nUxovrae; ro CY%WPLO TOV WVWV rov, Kw.
ovvcxil;" CITtOfl%VVOVWe; TryV iow rou TI) oorpia orove;
8avlw(JrE( rou, "ata.b/ioVW noVi.:; rpOf)<'e; orI'W a5wi-
rf("1. pn.".{200%fA;/ ;;I,JU'!U'1l ,.(c<. H I,,/;;rwc l'Ollil;n( ;,rw,
1fqOXflTW itO xcincillo xal 0Xi 'Ita yqa;rrri nQaf,uauia:
o ITOU clollydwl Eva dvm, 0
OUOlC/()'tlxa Eva. QliwQw;,a OJIoi,o Em6fLXvUCI
TTl oOfj)la TOU OWU GUUpClOTEe; TaU, lllV EXXArjoi,C/ TaU
Ii TTl KUQLO ,IE)'llpa 'tOU clval va auvTat;fl
YQC/moue; A6yo1J, OJIoi.o1JC; ITQoTCioOfl IT01J
'tOY CJIaLVOUV, xmOD] OUVlZFtO lw.QaOE'tfl flc fjJLA(;(QEOXWl
X(;(l 'to 0lx6 tOU 6vopa, H CIQWVCla OTO cm6orwofla CLVCIL
qtqJuVli XC/I c/TCOOXOJI l O'tO vc/ avnnaQc<6EclCL 'til gllTO-
gfic< W Ii1Wc<ywyla TIl Q'l'tOgda W aJIoxu),u1j!11 't11S
a),'iOflU,OJl.W 1111' C/vUI'C<11BavfTma J1)cCI'tWv.
EnEA nTEPOENTA KAt AN0H THl: nET PAl:
H rAnIIA TOY KPATOYI
LE KOI-JlO 11 YAWOOO TOU KpOTOU<; OEV ydpl AOYOTXVIK8<;
E[VOI 1-110 OKO\lnTll, onOOTW\l8Vll KOI yAWOOO, OTllV
onoio olOTunwvovTol \l 01 011\l00lE<; onoooI<;, ITI<; 011-
\lOKPOTlK8<; nOAEI<;-KPoTIl TWV KAOOlKWV KOI npwI\lwv AAIlVIOTlKWV
Xp6vwv 01 onoool<; OUT8<; ixov Til ljJll<jJlO\lOTWV TIl<;
60uM<; KOl TIl<; EKKAIlO[Oe: TOU \l TO onoio OnOv8\lOvTOV
TI\lIlTIK8<; OIOKp[OI<; OE OTO\lO nOAI<;, mKupwvoVTOV 010KPOTlK8<;
KOI oU\l\laxi<;, Kal m60AAovTav VO\lOt yKp[VOVTOV
01l\l00l<; oanov<;
01 ano<jJaol<; ypa<povTOv OE nanupou<; O aAAa UAIKO KOI <pu-
AoooovTav OTa KPOTIKO apxda, 0plO\l8va ana TO ljJll<jJ[O\laTO, WOTO-
00, TO ono[o KpivovTav OKOm\lO va 01l\l001OnOI1l80uv, avaypo<jJovTOV
OE Ai81VE<; KOI TOn08TouvTav, avoAoya \l TO npIXO\lEVO
TOU<;, OTllv ayopo OE Konolo IEpO. Ta KI\lVO nou 8XOUV
0laow81 8W<; mi\lEpa np08PXOVTat ana Ta Al8lva OUTO aVTiypaa Kat
oV anoTAouV KaTO \lTaOpo TOU apXIKOu KI\l8VOU, aAAo
anOOOOIl TOU KVTPIKOU
H TWV ljJll<!>IO\loTwv, onw<; OTPEOTunll Kat
OXoov avoAAoiwTIl on6 TO TAll TOU 60u W<; TOV 20
n.X. at. npOKElTOI Yla \lla 11 onola nOYlw81lKE OTllv
KOI otooo811KE O 6Aa TO KPOTll J1E 01lJ10KpaTiKo noAlTEUJ1a
TOU TOTE EMllVlKOU KOO\lOU, 01 Emypa<p8<; OUTe: TI<; m:pIO-
OOTEPE<; <pop<; \lE \lla cnlKAilOIl OTOU<; 8ou<;, KOI \lE TOV
AoyoTuno TJ'i 60uM Kat T<jl nou OE Au8PIl an60oo11
Olllla[V1 \l ano<pOOIl Til<; KOt Tll<; OUV8AEUOll<; TWV nOAI-
TWV. Movov \lTa TO \loa TOU 40u n.X. at., Mav 11 OEV
ma lll1YTloa ouvaJ111 OTOV AAIlVIKO xwpo Kat 11 60uM lXE
XOO1 nOAMe: ana TI<; OII(QlOoooiE<; Tll<;, ana TOV AoyoTuno EKninTEI
TO Tn 60UAJ'i KOl 11 <jJPOOll OE noM<; nEplnTWOEI<; OTO
npOKITal YIO OUOIWOll nou aVTI-
\l10
H EnIXElPIl\laTOAOYla unp Til<; anOl)Jil<; nou EnIKPOTIlOE KaTa-
YPO<!>Tal OTO OIl\lOOIEUJ1VO MTO TO ovoJ1a TOU IOllYlln1
nou aKoAou8EiTat ana TO ,,[nv,' rropcrd8f.Tat oc
TO nplXO\lVO TOU Myou TOU, LE \lETOYEV-
OTEpO ljJrl<P[O\lOTa XPilOlJ10nOIEiTQl ouxvo Kat TO npWTO npoowno, yE-
yOVO<; nou OIVEI 10iaiTEPll a\lEOOTIlTa OTO KlIlEVO H olaTunWOll
\la<; w<; Eva 6a8\l0 TI<; 011\ll1YOP[E<; TOU 80uKuO[011. 01 aVTllI-
8J1vol AOYOl TWV npwTaywvloTwV TOU nAonovvll0tOKOU nOAJ10U
KaTaypo<poVTat ana TOV IOTOplKG O npwTo npoowno. <!JUOIKO 01 A6yOI
ov J1ETO<PPOVTat 0 IOTOPIK6<; A06Qlv un6ljJll TOU TI<;
Tll<; KOI \lT<jJEP Til TO OUOlwOIl
0l1J11a TWV AEX8VTWV M TOV [010 Tpono \lTOPTQl an6 TOV ou-
VTOKTll TOU ljJll<jJ[0J10To<; 11 100 TWV mXEIPIlJ10TWV TOU
LTO t)Jll<P[O\laTO, war6oo, J1TO<jJPTOl J16vov 11 onoljJll nou
EmKpoTlloE: 11 yAwooa TOU Kp6Tou<; iVOl \lOVOOIcloTaTIl, EVW 11 OnTI-
TOU IOTOPIKOU
42
01 m:pIOOOn;pEe; Orll.lOOlEe; EmypOepte; KI\E1VOUV I-lE Tl1V
npOe; TOV YPOl-ll-lOTta va epPOVTlOEI va ovaypoepd TO OE I\lSI-
Vl1 KQl VQ OTIlSd OE tvov OUYKEKPll-l8VO XWpo. H OlaOlKOOlO Tl1e;
TOU I\ISIVOU ovnyp6.epou eLXE KOOTOe;, TO onolo ouxv6.
I..lVl1l..l0VEUETO\ OTl1V KQL OUTOe; nou OVOAQI..l60VE TO
Entl\EYE KQl Tl1 yl\waoa TOU 4Jl1<Pl0I-l0TOe;. 'ETal, YlO nopaOlYI..lO, TO
KeLl-lVO Tl1e; Tl1e; I-lE Tl1V <!l001l1\100, nO}"l1 TWV vo-
TlWV nOpOl\lWV Tile; M. AOlOe;, tXEI nOI\AQ lWVIKa OTOlXElO onwe;
I..loe; nl\l1Poepopc;l 11 lOla 11 TO YIO Tl1 ovt},,06E
11 nOl\l1 TWV <!lOOlll\lTWV.
\jJHCDJ2:MA rIA ill Ll.HMOKPATJA, 337/6 rrX
'Eni r:J>{Jvvixov a{J);ovroq bTi njq AEWvriiioq tv-
ar1Jq n{JuwvEiaq Xar.{Jirn{Jaroq :Apnviov
:AXU{JVroq iY{Jappriuvev nov Jr{Joiii{Jwvinf:1jJrj-
MevixJT{JaToq Ai4wvroq' EViI!!aTTjq it!!l-
o-roriflou nn!!wroq ebrcv aya8ijt rlJmt rou orj-
floU Toli :A01JVaiwv. JdioX{)w wLq vopoOi:rwq'
iril' uq i;wl'aanjt TWV brjpwv iJri w{Jawibt
Ii nil' w{JawiJa IJ1JVxawo-rJ/O'T]t ij TOV iiijpov TOl'
iie."vaiwv ij rqv o1Jpox{Jarial' Tr,v lHl7jvTjatv
xaw}.vO'T]I., oq liv rOv roirrwl' u nmJ/aavra ano-
XTdwJt aatoq I!rnw
J. PouiJloux. Chou, o. UlU2.
'Eni <PQvvlxov aqXovroe;' ilewvric; rpUA';' inQvravwc iva-
T1J ani ac/{!Q. xai YQatJ.,uariac; ryrav 6 XWQEarQaroc; :4.uCt-
l'lov :4xaQveve;' hae; ana rove; JlQoioQove;, 6 MevEorQaTae;
AlswvEve;, fOerE ro OiflU aE t/!lJrpo'f!oQla Elal7YIJaIJ TaU
EvxQarove; /l.QlOroriflov nE/{Jadwe;. ,vIf d {3orjOcla rfie;
/l.yaefie; Tvx1Je; raii orjflov TW1' :4e1J1'afmv va wr;orpaol-
oov1' oi vOjweiue;' Ea1' %CmolOC; LwvaorarrjoEt ivavr:iov
roD Ol7flOV yLa va iyxaeu3QI!aEt rUQavvioa I) ov,u(3aJ..Et
arr,v iyxaeWQVCJ1} rVQav1'loac; Ii xaw},vaEt ro OfiflO rwv
'A,{)1Jvalwv Ii ni 0lJflOy.Qaria ar';'v iieJjvG, onowe; axorwoEI.
i"eLvov nov odnQase !tan 6.Jr' avra va eewQcLrw aowe;.
Mw:i<pQ. 2:1. N. KOUilavoubll; - i\. n. MU18alou
ano Eva. 10 07l0lo 0 HOV
A8'1valwv llalQvEl Il1Qa 7IQOXElflfvOU va anO<jlE1JXOEllO
luQavvLKou 0 VOflO;
aUlo; 'ti''1Cj1i.011]K !l1<X 1'1 vlxlll0U <PO,imlou B' 0'11 XWQl0-
VEla. 10 338 7IX, Ka8w; 10U Ma/.E-
06va llYE!lOva va U7IOK'VEl
H lVQl. YQOf'ilEvll 010 lWVlXO 10
onoLo uLOElEniOTJXE yea o),a w EYiQo.cpa !IF.1.'U 11lV
anoxa,aOW011 1% 011fl.Oxg01La; CYt'J1V 'to 403/2
rLX., orr01E KQL EyXOWAElq;ElljX OQL01LXU 10 aQxa'lxol-
go anlxo aAlpaPlll0.
H TOU KaTa
ITOU aTC<j>OVWVCI TO H
Ayopa TWV KOTW alTo TO KTlpiou
TOU 40u IT.X" yyovoC; nou nwc; IcrXUC; TOU
Mouaio Apxaiac; AyopaC;).
LOCD!A f(PBvlY6H-IIIIAIANOY
43
01 61AAEKTOI THIAOrOTEXNIAl:
EnOl
OIlYIIEVr - BOPIAI
o aTo ayycio: OAYIEYI)
novw Ola ac ayycio KaBclplKOU
Ashmolean Museum).
06YUEYL'H Oi\YITETI;
'Eva OUOEnLAUtO BEtEl '1 EtUfloAoyta tOU ovofla-
tOe; OOUOOEVe;. Lt'1V 'OovaaELO (t 405-410) 0 rra1l0ve; tOU
'iQwa 0110 flEQLcX t11e; WltEQae; tOU, 0 Auto),uxoe;, OLVEL
OlOV qyovo lOU auto to ovofla, fLXE
OEL XOL 0110 nonove; av8Qwnovc; (o6VaaOf/.OL: EiI'W
OQyta,UEVOC" AaUVLXo odi). LE Elll"{QarpEC; attLXwv,
WtLXWV XOL xOQLvBlOXWV ayyELwv, WOtOOO, to OVOflO EflqJa-
VLt:;nCtL ftE tOUe; tvrrove; 'O}.vr(r) l)c" 'OAva(a)evc;,
AaUVLXo Ulixes). H EQfl'1-
vELCI 1I0V OLVEl 0 'Ofll]QOe; ELVCtL 1IaQEtUflOAoYl1<1].
To 1ll8av6tEQo flVCtL on to 6vofla EivCtL JtQOEn'1"IXO.
PatjJw1i6c; QnayytHcl tva an6 TO TaU cmKOU KUKllou:
onwc; KonOTC Tipuv8a... " TOU
TOU Kllco'!'p61iauc;, SOC; aJ. (Aov1iivo, Spera-
VIKO Mouaia).
!J.UO Kopu<1>olo OlVIJOTO TOU llPWIKOU fnOU<;, II 'lAlCrOO KOl II Douo-
oew, TOV 80 01. n.X., Tllv KOl Tllv
ilOVOTXV[O' KOl TO OUO onoo[oovTOI OUIJ60nKO OTOV 'OIJIlPO. To npw-
TO KOl OPXOlOTPO tno<; tXl w<; stlJO TOU Tllv TOU AXiAMo KOl
n<; TPOVIKf<; mmwol<; OTO AAllVIKO OTpmonoo T
ll
<;
1J0KPOXPOVIl<; TOU ana n<; nOAIJIK<; OTllv
Tpo[o. To OCJTPO KOl IJTOVVOTPO noilllJO OVO<1>fPTOl OTOV
noilCm080 VOOTO TOU Oouooo ana Tllv Tpo[o KOl TO OUO tnll xopo-
ono IJIO TfTOIO WPIIJOTIlTO KOI
opnoTllTo, WOT K0810TOUV onoiluTw<; 600il..lll Tllv IKOO(O on onOT-
AOUV Tllv OKIJO(O KOl <1>001l TOU [oou<;.
To np06i1111J0 Tll<; VvOll<; TWV wwv OUTWV 8w-
PllnKo TO 0106011TO OlJllpiKO nou OV So IJO<;
eow .Le VVIK<; VPOlJlJf<; OIJW<; IJnopOUIJ va unoOTllpl-
on TouiloXIOTOV TO K08svo ana TO aUTO npotpXTOl
ono SVOV KOl IJOVO nou KOTO Til TOU IJIO
1J0KPO[WVIl nopooOOTl' TOV Tp0<1>o06TllO TOOO
IJ SfIJO,O 600 KOI p2 iloYOTumK2<; eKeppaOI<;, K<1>POO[<;
nou wovoiloIJ6avOVTOV IJ OTpClTUno Tpono KOl VI' aUTO OIUKOilu-
vov TllV anOlJvlllJOVuOIl OTtXWV KOl OAOKAllPWV TumKwv OKllVWV
lJaXIl<;, <1>0VllTOU, KTA. XOPOKTllPlonKo oiVlJo Tll<; ouv-
8O1l<; onoTiIl II TOU TumKou mSETou nou oUVOOU1 OTO-
8epa ov8pwnou<; npo.VIJOTO. <l>UOLKa, 11 nopouolo OUTWV TWV nopo-
OOOLOKWV IJtowv KOl TWV OIUKOiluVTIKWV nopovovTWV oV opKl Via
va TO ovnavoAllmo KailAITXVIKO anOTEAOlJa. 'Eva OlJw<;
lvOl 6S601O: II OTPOTunll olOTunwoll ouvt6ail mil olOOWOll otail-
KTlKWV Tunwv ano n<; nOAOlOTP<; <1>001<; Hl<; napaOOOll<;.
OTIlv np[mw01l TWV 0IJIlPIKWV wwv ivai TO VVO-
VO<; on XOUV O<1>OIJOIWO1 nOAITIOlJlKO KOl VAWOOLKO OTOlxia nou
W<; HI AUTO. TO npOVVSOTpa OTOlxla
OIJW<; ov ivOl ouvmo va onoooSouv O UOiaKPlTa waililllila
46
OTPWlWTQ nou OSpO[OTIlKOV \111xovlKo: OUyKpOTOUV EVO 0\10AY0\10
nou OV ntTpEn1 TOV OUOTIlPo OlOXWPI0\10 O nOAOlOTpe; KOl VO-
Tpe; nOlllTlKEe; \1ov66e; \1 Til yAWOOO. H
OIO<jJ0PTIKWV OlOAKTiKWV TUnWV (nou ouxv6 TOUe; nt60AAOUV Ol
KOTQOKUOOTlKE:e; OVOYKe; TOU OTlXOU KOl 11 Hle; \10VOTOVlle;
nOV0\10l0TUnWV OOKTUAlKWV 0fl\1l0UPYl \1l0
YAWOOO (Kunstsprache), \1l0 yAWOOO nou
OV \1IM811K nOTE \1 oun') TfI AUTO TO OVO\1IKTO IO[W\10, f10U
f1P0E:KUljJ 0f10 Til ouv8OIl TOU nopOOOOlOKOU \1 TO VOTPIKO (OTO
<jJWVOAOylKO, TO \10p<jJOAOYlKO KOl TO n[noo) KOl ntnAE:-
OV nIlPOOTIlK ono Til f10POOOOll KOl Til n-
TOU Kl\1E:VOU, KUPlOPXlTOl ono lWVlKO XOPOKTIlPlOTIKO (KO-
TOAIlSIl O -f}, onoL! Il EXI-a: wprr npwToKAITWV
0POVlKWV O -EW' nAIl8uvTiKOU npwToKAlTWV 81lAUKWV O -n-
01, KTA)" nplA0\16ovl OKO\11l OlOAlKO (ljJiAwOIl, OlOUAA06wv
npoSEoWV, KTA.), OpKoooKunploKo (Kaaiyvf}roc;, moJt/c;, Euxwltrj,
K.O.) KOl onlKo (tworp6poC;, 6ouv, K.6.) OTOlXlO, K08we; KOl \1pIKOUe;
OPXO'lKOUe; TUf10UC; f10U ov lVOl 6uVQTO vo unox8ouv O OUyKKpl-
\1E:VIl 0\1660 ..
OKU<pOC; TaU 60u oJ. H OUV'OTO
TOU ana
To ayyio OTO onoio avoKoTU1 Tav KuKwva"
(ivai Tav OKU'!',) nou <pcPEI
Ashmalean Museum).
atyap1m' T:E xaiovpaw/j aorE[!oevn
vaLeraovlJ[ ;r;oJ.rw;hnx(}ol'iwvav(}(}om:wl',
rawvfJO' trE(}t Xi;pl. niai/ETO"fho,;
!Cai HgiafJ0';!Cai ).ao,;IiJfJfJuiw H[J<r1fJOlO.
01;'lagfJoitrOrE!3WfJO';Hjwerooalro,;iiU7}';,
lot/Hi,TE Y.l'iU7}'TE' royapM.xofJEl' yi(}a,
VI11;, (.\4ot-49.
Tian'aaa"arwan'roy aarQO<pWro rol'oVQal'o!3Qwi/6vcw
'" Wr'aaa 6 {JUnEIf3yaivol'we;(}l'r/UiJv avfJQdmwl'xaarQa,
aUo"al'El'aGEl' aYWrlJaaaal'r'aylO irovro'IC"TCQO
"aiaal'rovIIQw.fJo rov avrQoxaQooWI!) .L1E ro ),0.0 rou'
ri em'ro(3wf'o,L10V raxaQia,L1ara OEl' D.flI/Javxaeo),ov,
"viaaXI 01anovOie;' ri01ciOcivawIDE ),axawCiUIJ XI1QIJ.
METaCjJQ. N. - r.e.
MnQOOTa ma HIt; TQoiat; a),J11AooCjJal;oVTaL TQWEt; XaL
AXaLoi.ITOV Ol GEOiEXOUV OlaonaoGEiOE ouoarQmo-
nEoa' anOl EUVOOUV TOU<; XaL anOl TOUr; TQwt;.
a I'.lar;UJlOXI'JQEL onr;mEOu<;"1<; 'HQa<;, Yj OJlolCl. EJTlihl"-fll'1v
a!.w<nj 111r; TQoiar;. WOT<"<JO, onayano-uoE TTlv
TOV XaL10'1' Aao wu.ToXOlQlO onolf),rlEva Aa-
f!J'rgo OE'WaouvGE<njr; ),oyolunour; Tu huXfJo-
vwe; ElvOl olatlEQo EJl10E10 T(jJV (3Qoroe; XaL av(JQwnoe;.
Ol OVea)/Oe; ciOrEeOEle;, bmroe; iioIJe;, 'IJ.we;
J..oifJi;e; rcXl'iolJe; IEElvUl ),oyownOl.EvoLmpEQov nogou-
GLal;aYj O olaCjJogrm:a TOU AoyoTuno'u:
"/Moe; /i/atneioj.lOe;xa;J.aoe; eVNdiwnoai,L1olO. DgwTOt;
AOlrrov 0 1'.[0<; OI.lO),oyEl on "1<; nOI..Yjr; rivw
1\[your; lJ'tlx.our; JlaQoxalw (I'. 163 165)
o 111V aJlo<paoYjlOUI'.la
d! [a[!Ey(Q roDE o[oai/ant'{JgEva :%ai"araOVfJov,
(JOFraL iifJag, Or'til'tror'OAW)'rJ 'fho,
xa;"(}iafJo,i/ai),ao,E:vfJW).iwfl(}l.afJOLO.
ITO Z (447-449) 0 'ExwQot; "1V
JlQO<jJYjTf[O TOU KatlE cpoQa ),omov 0),oy6nmo;
CpOll[I;E1G.L am)OI.ClCPOQE1L}Ui ywvi.o. I1EV11QOXClWLO1)\,[:[(I)t; Yla
Woo CtvI.ClQ11 TunoJloLYj!-'fv11 EXCjJQU01], ana yw nov
JloQaYEL
l:.![LAInU-'Ot.. 11-\
IloUoi OjlilQLxoi AOYC)TUnOl f;lIf,(iJVOVV OXO,U-lj xen m'l!lcQo
OTOV ilQOCPOQL'XO xaL Loiwt; OTOV !.OyLO YQomoMyo.Ogl()I'EVOL
ExOUV 'XotllEQWeEL w<; IlHWfQCtU'llZa Oavaaxenae SF-
VEt; '!),WOOf<;: 0'10 YfWOVLxa Yj Gejliigelle WOrier
IOV br:wJlTEQO[J'W) 0lli.ulvEIXaGE Ei-
oour;JlaQol!un:x1l aLOUY'lGE01:QE<; ano(tUTES He; EX
cp(16.ow; ELVaL: EnftJ nrEQOEvw, QOOOOrl%Tv),oe; 'Hw(, X()I2'1 xo-
flowvrce;, vocn,uovryflClQ, EQ'IOe;ooovrwv,ini QXf1-I;C;, X,c'c
01 ),oyoTunOl i':rw. JrrEQO"'W, EQ"Oe; OOOV[("V'),,'tlL GLTreQOe;
,lIvOOe; O'UYXQ010UV EVa onou 10 mOfla
JWQollolal;naLoav >.Ol 10!.oyLa oavnouALa.H)",(00-
OCl (tVa),OI'PaV[rogOAO Til,<JTQO<jJL'()'Ot; 1.Lf; 1l1v o11oio nvOlyo-
,,!.,iv['1 GUQa (:TQilA, Y248: cnQc.-mj at iAriJoa'
Kaewt; y),(oooa OTQLCjJoyuQva tluQa avo[yuXClll0 ",OUAla
JlEl0UV ngo;T11V E)J::utlEQla' MLa anT] ElVaL on0nOl.Yj-
cpa 10. I,CryLO w; <jJltQOHa
MNIH/\I. IAKQB
47
Paul Klee, To Kouri aav VCKplj q)ljary. To KOUTI
TTaploTilVE:TOI we; Kcv6apoe; (TO KUTTe'\'\o TOU L1,0VU'
oou). To aTT' 6nou U"'WVOVTOI
h"'Vei TO yuvalKcio Kal 01 '\a6te; TOU ayyclou TIe; w06iJKee;
(Nta Curt Valentin Gallery).
7Hpoe; OE u-,dJJ.vpoe; T'civOci xai irxiTa rims
tJfV8grp bpd,ojJlYoe; ).tyvuijv xaraxcvET' amoijv
.!TIIXVOv V1UJ iITE{!VyWV, Oi(Jwe; xa/IaTwflwe; roPT!,
morarai T'alyce;, xai olvne; ti{JlmOe;,
/laxJ.oraral fit aqwvgOTaTOI fli TOI Iivo{Jce;
dULl', brei xElpa).ijv xai YOVvara _cigwc;
abaUoe; oe TE x(Jwe; {m:o xav/laroC;' iJ.)J.a Tor'ijlllJ
et/IIU:TpailJ Te UXlij xai PiPhvoe; olvoe;
T'a/lo).yaiTf yaJ.a T'aiycov u(JEVYVfJEVaWV
xai pooe; vJ.orpayolO x(!iae; wi nw u:roxvilJe;
nl!wroyovwv T'i{Jirpwv. bri/),aroona nlvipell oivov,
Ev mati Xt:Y.OI!TfI'EvOV iblOb']e;,
aVTiov aX{Jaioe; ucpv{Jov T(!tlpavra nl!ouwna
x(!1vrre; /)' cievaov xai a.noIlPVTOV ij r'IdJO).(J)TOe;
T(!iC; vflaTOe; .T(!OXinv, To bt rb:apTOv ii/lE1' oivov.
UlJl,)l)O\j, -E{Jya xai 1J/lc(!rn, 582596.
OWl' avoi;,< TO aveoe; TOV OXOAVfJOV %at TO o!;urpwvo
TCLT:/"l xaew/l8vo aro OEVT(!O "cLrOJ ana W rpu(Ja rov re-
(JaiCn TO T(!OY0150I nov aov ;roievEl T' ovna, Vat, 1(!eE ro
liOV(!aaTixo %w.O%Cll(!aXI. TET(JMOXEe; 01 yiflEe;, aTIJV mo
%o},i] rou w(Jo TO %(!(Wl, rpAoyiSovrw an' rov lraeO 01
yvvaixEe;, 01 aVTQEe; OfJWe; cL1JCll o.:rroxavvOJfJiV04 ywri ro
aar(!O LciQwe; ranaow %at ro %Upa},1 ano!;IJ(!OiVE, I;'IQa
TO oiQ,uo ana TO %VVIXcL li015jAOW. Tau ol;isouv rou (3Qa-
/ou '7 oXla lim ro xQaai rlJe; Bi/JJov, 0 TQo/avae; Xat 'wv
mylvv TO yw,o, lrOV 'xouv scxo/liFL W /uliQa rove;, XI axo,ul)
%Q{ac o;ro aycJaaima ;rov aEv iXEl auopi YEvl'lia[l Y.I
:rr,) 7QWl,UO Kat va .-r;ivfl; %OXXLl'W1rO x(}aai
lia()w!':'vOC; arl) aXla, xocnaro,- 0 OQOOE(}Oe; ZicpvQoC; oro
nQoaw1fo aov va cpvoa. Na I) ava),oyia: TQia
lIEQ015 ana nl)y,j lrOU avofJJ.vCn aOolOJrlJ aJCo m iyxaw
flJe; Y'l<; %at f;val'i(Joe; OlVOU,
o HlJlOOO; IlLa noviJll1xl1 oX1]vi] aYQonx*
,0"nLX-VLX wu Yfla lwQolloLaxcncww-
01] 11ourru8nac rrcQLygU(pnaL >:m oc tva cmoorra.olla W\)
Aho.lou (347a). DIlCUC; "ll oLai,Exw<i] !lLaCjJogo-
rrol1]IJ1]: HOl03o (Em>:!] OWi.lr.W;), brci xErpa}.ilv xai
yovvara rci(JlOe; CiSEl - Aholoc;(AloALX11 OLUACXW;), Emi
oij %<'l'ciA.av %ai YOl'a rciQwc; aaofL :,i, nEWTI>:a rravcwc;
EmXELl;1i],ww r. fIngoJtoui,oc; (Reat and Lust. Resiod's
Midsummer Festival Scene Revisited) EXEL OEi1;EL on 0
Aholo;OV Ill!lclTGl TOV Holollo,anaonxmOl OUO oLa-
tvoEJtOXLXO ,Qo'!OUMXLwuAOO,).
48
01 /lIAIIEKTOI THr 1I0rOTEXNIAr
41AAKTIKO EnOl
\
I,
I

r/
aHaioooe; (m:pinou 700 n.X.) KaTOYoTOv ana Tllv KUIJIl Tile; IJIKpaOla-
AlGAioae;, aAAn aTllv :A.oKpa Tile; BOIWTiae;, IJla KWlJonOAIl
KQI IJS 6apu KAtlJa. aHoioooe; ma81lKS TOU oupavou,
Tile; YIle; Kat TWV aV8pwnwv TOU lJoXSou. LTIl Geoyovia TOU oumlllJa-
TOnoillos Tle; apxaise; napaoOOSle; Kat ooSao[se; Yla TOUe; SSOue;, OTO
"Epya Kai 'H/li:pOl npo6aA TLe; VESe; 118IKEe; aSlse; Yla olKal-
Oauvll KQL EVTUOS IJS TO npaKTlKO napaYYSAIJQTa Tile;
ooliae;: non: KQL va anspVSle;, va va
Tpuyae;, va naVTpSUWQI!
H nOlllCJ11 TOU HOlOOOU aKOAouSd TO IJnplKo KQL
YAWOOIKO xvopla TOU llPWIKOU snoue;, noMoi 0IJIlPIKOl AoyoTunol TOU
TLJnou POOOMKTUAoe; Hwe;, fJ77TieTQ Zeue;, noAutpAoio6oLO Bat..ClO077e;,
anavTouv KQL mov Holooo aUTOuOlol, OIJWe; OMOI IJc>
TOOXIlIJ01IOIJSVOI, npooaplJoolJsvol mil vsa 'ETOI
Yla napaoelYlJa 0 AoyoTunOe; role; 0' a/la TwoapaKovra /leAatvat
vnee; inovro (Kal roue; aKoAouSouoav oapavra Kuavonpwpa Kapa-
610), onou aKOUY8TOI TO 6ouilTO Tile; 80Aaooac; KOl 0 axoe; Tile; lJoXIle;,
as IJla llAono-
vlae; role; 0' afJa TwoapaKovTOni]e; inolro (va napaKoAouSei
TO 60010 UTO opywfJa evae; on6apoe; oapavTap/7e;).
LTO KsllJsVa TOU Halooou anavTouv sniOlle; owploj..loi KOl Tuno-
AOYIKa xapaKTllPlmlKo TWV Bi1 onwe; 0 TunOe; -av Tile;
nAllSUVTIKOU (Beov aVTi S.swv, Teropa aVTi ri:ooepa) Kal
I_d:(w aVTl j.1rjiSw (TO Y VV'lTIKG apyava). LnaVla EivOl 1Q oTolXda ano.
Hlv OlaAEKTO TOU Ta BOlWTlKa: f},EV AEinouv
TSAOt; KOl 01 EmopOOEle; ano. Tllv OlaAEKTO.
'Eva EVT AWt; IOIOIlOP<P0 XOPOKTllPlaTIKo. Tilt; yAwOOat; TOU H0lo.-
OOU dVQl 01 1Q Ayo.1lVO kenning (0 apOt; KUpIOAE-
KTdTOl YlO Ta TWV LKOVOl-
vouwv, anou 11 QlVlYllaTWOEle; Kat
ouodKoaTEe; EK<ppaOIe; nplYPo<PO-
VTOl SIlt)JUXOl opyavlollol, OVTIKdll-
va, <pUOlKa <pOlvo.IlEVO, KTA.). 'ETol
qJptoIKOe; (IjJtpw + OlKOe;: aUTae; nou
KouBailo l j.1o(iIOU T'lV KOIOlKia IOU)
dVQl TO oaillYKopl, ovaaTWe; (ana TO
0- O1PllTlKa, nou IlnpOOTO ana <pw-
yivETOl av + aaIOuv) ElVOl 8tH;
TO xmnoiSt 8tH; naAl TO aaillyKopl.
EVOSX101, WOTaaO, II va 8tVQl
ouv8Tll ono. TO a- OTPIlTlKa + va-
awe;, OnaT 0' TllV npLmwoll
dVOl TO OOAIYKapl, nou ov m01ps-
<PEL aniTl TOU, 010 IlSPOt; an'
anou OMaOAAWe;
010 KaBouKl TOU. 'A,\AEe;
llaTO 8tVOl: GTplXOe; (IO ljJiiSl),K palOl
UilOKOiTW (TO iloljJw), Tpinoue;6pOTOe;
(0 ovGpwnoe; j.1C TO Tpio no.iSw, 0 ytpoe; j.1C T'l BaKT'lpia IOU),
f)j.1 paKOLTOe; Qvf)p (0 KiltIjJT'le; nou1{01j.1QrW T'lV 'lj.1tpa ylO va
T'l VUXTO), (nou iX 1 nivTo(oue;: KilaiSlo, 7) nailoj.J'l
j.J TO ntvT i56KTuila).
KaAa II OTW KOI II <PlAOOO<pLO O OTLXOUt; (nOPIlVlollt;,
EllnEooK,\r')t;, =vO<POVllt;), OMO KOI '1 NOI onovTOUv 01
MYIOI nOlllTe; T'1t; apKL 0avoyvwOTIlt; va Illlv
naipvEl TOLe; IlTPIlTO[e; Tlt; AAllPo<poplEe; nou napSX1 0 nOlllTrle; m-
TllV nopaooOll Tile; noillolle; TOU HOl60ou OKO-
Aou80uv crill ouv8all TWV EnWV TOut; 0 ApOTOe; (30t; Ol. n.X.) mo
(/Jwvaj.1Cva, Ill0 npaYIlQTia YlO TOUt; a01EplOIlOUe; KOl TO KOlPlKO
npoyvw01lKO, 0 NiKOVOPOt; (20t; al. n.X.) 010 G'lPIOKO KOl
j.10KO, KOl nOMoi aMOl. To ilVllllEiO OUTa Tile; AOYlOOUVllt; onOTAOUV
TO aKpOV aWTOV Tilt; nou 8tVOl TO KmQTE6tv Tilt;
AOYOTEXVlKrle; TWV e:AAllVI01lKWV Xpo.vwv.
IFaninvgo;,IiJSEV a,'OownowLY.
J'ai,,;yaO aVpnXauuEnEou,Xv,or;l1fl11nyvljett;
nao(Ji:vrp aiboin,xd<JvKgovifJEw bta(Jov}.a.,
bE xaiXOUP'lUE OEa
agyvrptnEuOij,, xoijOEV fJi: xahJn,p1!v
bw{)a}i7fYXEi(}[(Ju, XarE(J"/EOE, Oailpa ibiuOa"
Huiobo;, @eoyovia, 570575.
Afliaw,cpmixvEt'wvavO(!wnwvav;{{3aQo xaxo
ywH)cpwna'
nljQE a:rr' ," YI) nl)}'o0 saxova,o,xw},o,(JtOr;,
Xt E7rXauE oflolwflaaEflvljr;naQ(Jivar;,onwr;w OiAl)uE
I) (3ov},1j wvLlia.
K, I) AOl)va,W i"ana},a,unovwr;, rl)v ii;wat,
YI)V aro},l{J[flE QOUXo },a/I7rEQo' rl)r; iQ'stanonavw
nin}.onEQiuxvo, E"Oafl!3wuuo.
Mna.cpQ.!J.. N.
o[l-u8oe; 11'1e; I1avowQoC;, TIle; fLOLQo.lae;
yuvolxae; (w avrlrJ"TOLXO Euoe;), Jta-
QaOlonat. an:o wv Haiooo aE ouo EXOOxe; (ew-
yovia, 570-615 Kat ''EQya, 54-105). TTj qJoVl:ooia
1:WV xa),),mxvwv an:o tTjv aQxmOtllW we;
XEvtQlsEltotaltEQC< 0alVlypr,l1lXOS f,iJOoe; (toxourl
I1avowQae;),an:' on:ou OAte; 0llJ1J!J.-
(poQES To XWQlo ana O!.lTJQlxEs EX-
(PQa.UEle;: na(JOivlp alooin ("dol', Jrc!?",},vror;
/-lpqJtyVIjEt" yAavuoim, :A01v1), "aui ;/QijOEv,
OavflalOi.(J{)aL
D. G. Rossetti, navowpa. H we;
yuvafl<a. KpQTO TO TaU KOUTIOU, orr' 6nou TO
a' tva Karrvou.
Kop6auva (1379).
'ExL1toS'apxwpw()a, ,ovoubino,',avr5(,JES', EWpEV
t1{1g'lwV"punaibE,1 ,or;JUi!JarPEl'
:rrauar b'av(Jgw,Twl' pwn){)E Oalauua
xa!hfli:v",- ;ru\'nJbiL1,0;"CJlJIipe{Ja,TawfS'.
roilytX(,I xaiyL'voS'ci,lO- 0{)' ij.TtOS'avOpwnowL
unl/ol\'f(.
IPat.vopCYa, 1-6.
No. aQXiaovflE =0TOV Llia. flanol'f r,urir; 0' al'()gwnot
TOl' /J-v'l/wvevovflE. 0,dQoltO, o},o" OlE,rwv o.vOQ(;);rwl' v,
o.yoQir;, I) 06Jo.aua "atrah,Uavra Eivat YSI,ara ano WI'
LlicL flo.l'TO") O},Oi EXOV/-lE avayxl7 ano TOV Llio, )'w.rf
E("ClOTE I) rJt,,1j wvYEVta. K, ewro,%UAOr; ptWII,(ll,OQw-
Xo.Qrr,Et OI),llarJW EVvoixa.
Ol ({vu+LEaa 01:0 n:Qooi+uo r",V rjJWVO!tEl'WV xat
rHO rrQooiltlU tWV 'EQYwl' tau Hatobou ElVaL flU (lVELe;:
'EQya, 3-4 (!J.Lfie;): 51' rE tlui pQoTOi aV{)Qt,.. iJl/wi r'
aeiJl)wirE 11,0,... 101,nXEil/flEV ya(!yaia xa"wv,nlFil)dE
Oa}.Cl!JOCl. YRllQXouv 'fJma xm OtuqJoQS t6ao atl1 OOIn'1
tWV n:QOOl[l-I.WV (0 J-IaioooC; EJT:lZa),El1:at ItQww MOUOE
1Wt ne; n:QotQf.,1:n va tov !J.la. 0 AQatOe;
n:QlOW. 1J[l-vElwv 6laliW !.lOVO rrQos to1:),0 EJTLXaAtltm
ne; \1o,)aEe;), ouo xmernl GEo),oylu OUS. 0 !J.lae;TOU AQa-
1:OU E[VaL qJl),o:v8Q0JJroe; xm'1TilOt;.
EYArTEI\IA ITAMnOYI\H
49
IKHNH IYMnOIIOY
a 60'WTIKOC; Kav8apoc;, tpyo TaU ZwypaljlOU
TWV MuO"TWV SOC; al.), (ITOV
Ka8lp'KO nou OTO
,po TWV Ka6ipwv dva'


To OUlWlOOtO (mOl0U orwOVllxQ-ccQov OOflou lT1
0 .. 1jwv aV1QE (arto
U yuvalxE flOVO clalQES, OUAlJ1Q[OE xm oQXlJ01QlOcS no-
nov onlY lOla xm
ElXav tl lOi.t rro),mxE To
XWQo llQoocpoQOC; yl-O xo),JmxvlxE
XOQo, TQOYOUOl), 'ItO qJlAOOOlPlXE OXOflTl
xm yl-O nOAltLXE OUVWI-LOOU::. Dona ano W OVlWlOO'tXo.
q:;alvElm on E[XOV ytVEl 1000 WOtE va
qmvEouv xm "tOV OYYElOYQaIjJOU. L1T]V OIOXO-
Ofll10lJ tl1 EQUOQOl-tOQCPl] xU),lxa tOv l;wYQo.cpov tOU
t>.OUQI.60 (XQOVOAOyEL101 yUQW 010 480) 0
nQoorroBE[ Vcl ono. 10 flOVO nou y,OTOQOIOVEl
ElVat va Hlv ClQXll ano "lv ClxOAovOll EA'(Elo
tau 0EOyvl 939-942 (0 (pi),o" TlOU EXEl EYXata),El1l10V
ElVat 11 "tOu).
OV bvvap(f.L ifimv!l )iy'rtE!otpevwaJTqJ alJbmv
I(C/i yat!rqv Jr(!ori(ll/vvVxr'bri ;<!jj/lOVi'plJv.
OvOE nw C/iJ),I/r;,v !iV,aJl' i'Taf{Joe;
f;l)J:LTEL aOifiilJe;OUK :"lJvO/lf:VOe;.
fl"v,,6.vaTgayovol/UW UOV ro al/oovlOEVf1nogr1J'
rlJvnEgo.uwivl/ vV1.w fiE rove;uV,unoue;
Tgo.yov6wvwe;.
.MvAEf)) nux;lpWLEL o.v,(1/n/s 0 "lpi.loC;"floV
p'iXEL a.rp/UCl,nOVoevrov,(l.J/.L 1/ 1.6.(111 rov rQayovowv.
KUA'KO TOU TaU
(Movaxo, Antikensammlungen).
01 LlIAAEKTOI THI AO,OTEXNIAI
EAErEIA
o ov8pwno<; YlQ npc.ln'l
<jlOpo TO <jlw<; TOU KAOIOVTO<;
yopo KOl CITO UnOAOmO TOU 6iou
TOU MSSI 1100 CITO 06VlIO TOU
TOV novo. YnoPXouv KOl oIOAil1-
110TO XopO<;. 'ETol ouvAoBs 'l
oo<jlio T'l<; TO VO'll1a
T'l<; YIO aUTO 1TI<;
IvOl AUYIlOU KOl TO TpOyOUOlO 1TI<; AUTI'lTpO. 0 opo<; i;Ayia
i',Asyor:;) Xl npOAUOT) KOl 0PXIKO cnlI1OlV ep17V17TtKO
rpayouol. 01 'Iwvs<; napAoBav KaT6 TOV 70 at. n.X. T'l 8P'lvwo[0,
nou ouvoosuomv ana OUAOU KOl T'lV uJjJwoov O aUTOv0l10 AOYO-
TSXVIKO 100<; nOlKtA'l<; 8sl1aToypo<jlio<;. 110VOOO 1TI<; sAsysio<;
iVQl TO SAYSIOKO O[CITIXO (Ayiov) nou oUyKpOTiTOl ana vov
TpO (-uu-uu-uu-uu-uu- -) KOl vav nSVTOI1TpO (-uu-uu- -uu-uu-).
H 8sl1aToypO<jlia T'l<; sAsyia<; IvOl nAOUOlO. 0 KaMivo<; KOl 0 TupTa[-
0<; (70<; Ol.) 11 11<; sAyi<; TOU<; nupywvouv TO <jlPOV'l110 TWV nOASI11CITWV,
o 60PUYAWOOO<; APXIAoX0<; 0T10KMUffi1 TO oUcnlvla n08'lTOU, Ta spsima
T'l<; TOU Kat TO OVTI'lPWlKO TOU IOWO'l, 0 Mil1vsp-
110<; (yupw CITO 600) 8P'lvsi Yla T'l VIOT'l nou l1apa[v1al ouv Ta
OV8'lT'l<; 0 =vO<jlOVT]<; (565-470) sK8Tl 11<; T]81KOnAaCITIK<; TOU
onoJjJsl<;, 0 LOAWV KOIVOAOyi TI<; nOAl1lK<; TOU 10S<;, 080-
YVl<; yvwl1oAoyd Ylo TOV pWTO, T'l <jlTWxsIO KOl T'lV KnTWOll TWV aplCITo-
KPaTIKWV LTO M'lVlCITIKO XPOVIO 0 KaMil1oxo<; OUV8tTSI as SAYI-
UKO oiCITlxa TO MTla, TO an6CITaYl10 T'l<; anu8I1Sv'l<; AOyIOOUV'l<; TOU
H yAWOOO T'l<; sAsyia<; IvOl Ilia "IWVIKOTSP'l" T'l<;
OIOAKTOU, Ilia oUyKPOOllT'l<; 0I1IAOUI1V'l<; I1S T'lV 1SXV'l-
OIOAKTO TOU nou<;. 01 OPXOlOTPOI AYIOKO[ IO(W<; YlO
TO <jlAOypO TOU<; 8oupla, OAOKA'lPO 'lI1ICIT[Xla ana TO no<; H
W01000, TWV OlOAIOI1WV TOU nou<; (AX O -6wv, as -001)
OdXVSl 011 w<; 66o'lT'l<; TOU<; yAwooa<; OSV 8swpouoav TO no<;,
OAAO T'lV OIOASKTO. 01 SASySlOKOi TOU 50u KOl lOU 40u at. ('Iwv 0
Xio<;, L1lovUOlO<; XaAKou<;, KpITia<;, K.O.) moTp<jlouv O 1110 K080pou:p'l
OIOAKTOU H yAwooa TOU<; WOTOOO dVOl mo
v'l KOl axs06v 018upoI1Bwo'l<;. 0 L1lovUOlO<; m[ nopooiyf.taTl anOKOA!
T'lV noiflOll KOAAlOn'l<;", Ot SAsyslonolol srll-
CITp<jlouv CIT'lv nOAQlO T'l<; OIOAEKTOU. (0.),
f\u:ridlI/h'EaLwvu<;ayaVaat,fjv;Utl!a(Ju./lwj),
tYro;a,ulw'1wv,xa}J.urovovxHJiJ.I:JI'
GorovI' ri/lOt amn',ix-EiI"I:
E!!t!irW' oilxaxiw.
AyciUfrcuIIf wl1' amrioa LlLll-J.iX OE Oci,ll1'O,
(Xat on;"oal/JEyaowaro) rT/1' o.'1}//OaXWQ.'.: va W oaw,
'Eoo)oa Til pou, fI vapE/ti}..fL'IaarrioaE%EivT/;
Iwv%oQa%a'J(ai,'JTEQq Oa
AqnaL eJu OWV 0 AQZii.. oxo<; E1TlOI.I:erOrp'E TTl LJlagITl, Ol
ECYOQOlTOV (lvayXaOavvaEYXC<1a),EL'ljIEl1TlV auG!lflEQOv.
'Evac;QL1paOlll ,nouXO[UWQQ11ftOVOUOE ,.iAIOWyea TTlV EJlCll-
0Xuvr!l 10U,WLOTE),OUOE yea1TlVZOtVWVLCl TOU TaV
i:-rl TaS" 0Tlf'OOtO ;(lVOUVO. aAQXu,oXOS OLClXTlQ-UOOl. flE OJ:po-
it),LOTLXli EL}.tXQlvfLa TO OIXal(lJ[1a10U(n0[10u vu aitEAEu8EQ(lJ-
eEL uno Tl<; asicc; T)'I<; 11Q(lJIZ,'lc; rruQa00011S XaL vuIlQOClonioEl
wunHuxiu (OT11V JlI.'QlJnr'JOII 10
[1b:n xu16 Y.((l nQww, 1.11 10U) EOTW XaL oc Tll<;
UnaATl'ljni<;WU.
2:TO XClflEVO aJlUVWUV xat EALjlgUOW; 1Tl<; xaG'1/lEQtV01111as
(f(iQif/f'),a)J..(( X(I(O[1I1(Mo. (A.X (lfuilMWV,
%a,;,Jurol" XWQI>; miSllml Xal flE TOU T, onwc; OTOI'
'Oi1TlQO). ME 11c; iOI<; AOinaV "xLjlQCtOW; Jtou UilVlWTlXav w
x!.EuavbQwv XCtnOTE ow Eno<;,E<;U[1vEi xal01j!lJXWftEVO<;
('waC;w 6lXCt TOU xawQ8ulprna, TOV I.'UTEAwll010U xa-
TaouvamcunxouOUflP,OAOU,Tllvu:cfQLoxuOIIWU evOTLxtOU TII<;
auwouvniQllUIlSXaLTOV TIIS AO"{t)(11<;
KU,l"KO (500IT.X.)
E8vIKO APXOIO,l,0YIKO MOUO'Eio).
2:TIlv EnLcpaVElaTTlS EQuOQaflOQt:prJ<; )(UAt-
xa<; (Y-UQW 010 500 it.X.) E-va<;
o.VTQa<; ftE EXOWTlXa avaycQ[J.Evo'W XELjlaAL ava-
JlaUCTaL Jlo.V(lJ 0111 XAlVT],0 )(lOOO<;
OTO )(l.'(l'aAL Y.Ol1a )(QowAaUJlObTlAWVOUV 011 EL-
Val To AaYOlJOaXl ElVOL oUvTl81.'<;
oWQo OE EQW[1EVOU<;. 0 EQWTI.'UflEVO<; TQayouba,
onw<;IlTlAUJVCTW.anoTTlV EmYQaqnl.TO aXOAOlJOO
OlOUXO anoTOV 8EOyVL(1365-6):
rQ Jrai(jwvxa}J,WrE iflE{!OEurau:TaIT((ilI,
urijO'aVroVitaiflOV travg'braxovIJovEtr1].
Q1'EOQEn(lVE/lOQrpf%r wr'DAOVSnwJroD1]Tf.
araoovE%dxorclxOVOE ral,[yaAOYwnov'xwva(lOVlew.
TcOwi,l/:var yag xa},Ol' Evi 'Tt!oflaxowrJrwirvra
!ivlit!'al'aOovoTf!i Ii.Tarpili,flayva/ll.lov.
011' I' aurou :rOAtVxaiJrio'l'a<;ayt!o-v<;
.TT:WXeVE1VJUlVTWVEor' aV'1]t!orawv,
1f).a'o/UyovuiJvIl1/T{iicpiArJ xaiJTCtrgi )'ipovrr
trawiu uUv /llxl!0i;xou(JlbiT/ r'a),0l(!).
TlIQTtUU<; 10,16(W t).
TiTlI117 oronah.xaQrDTCtV JrQoiro rpwwi,
Ui'oru)OELyro. naTQioapi:ril onaDaaril&era.
AVlCIlQorawvaa'1J1/aurilvnCJ.rQioa yJuxwi
%ai E-flvOaWVS %a,unou<;xaiva p.E OW%OVW
At!. yovwu<;va MQaOEQvE(11 yvvCLZxa '/lOQrpwvra
pi:YEQovrlOoa ,uqTf.Qa%alir' nwO(o..
MEtaCPQ.LnUQLOWVTQly.Oll1TlI;
oTUQwlo;(70<; al)auv8ETHEf,EyELES"(La vaUI,vl',onTOV oitaQ-
naTLxo TQono Xat va QI1j!lJXWOH 1OU<; n:o)..qllm<; XCl10
!OuS MCOOTlVw.xo(,S ;WAEfLOVC;. a1(mOS Tll<; xmayl'IYllC; 10U
liwv IvW"1TOc;; 2:n:6.QTll; 'OnoLCl XL ClV
liwvJl<iV10J<; '1 rou yAwooa, Ol E),EyEL<; 'Wl: ,\Xouv OlJ-
V[,OElOTlll'!WVL)(li.EmlOr') avni-rlWV II OW),I.'X10;111; E),Lj'du.;.
o2:n:uQiowvTQl)(OUJlTj<;, 0L01OQlY.OS Jtou 10V2:0-
AWfla vayQCtLjl l ow E)JdlvLXa )(OL [La),lOTa OTIl y),Loooa touAa-
oU. TTlV EAEyela OE JlTEQWtOU<; ltoU
EVaAACtOOOV1CtL J1 TilVlOw. EAEYElaIln (I'Qao
OTa 1821 Xat0Ai)aWlvTLos KOQwic; OE
To aJlOu),EUfW, orrOl<; cpalvnaL aito rou<; oTixou<; 13, ELvca
anoxaQowltlxo:
'OausoQiYfwr)ia},ilvva ;<awQDwotrIT:ll<'LSIV
nEQI ,WJE/l&v,CPil04 arilvITQlun/vTo.elV,
VEXQOS :r:iantrA,/ywDdc" ..
M. Z. KOnIMKHL:
51
'E[!pii, ri"(0' ro VcV[!OV, (J; TcVELOhl,
;rorTliv ;wv" Iror' [;evIOV <flU.7Tn>;
KaU,iWI;(OS, =0(111..199,(bIb, Pfeiffer),
EQ,UlJ YEVEWrpOQE, ro VEVQO oov ywri OE {JUnEI
xaral ara noi5w (fOV, a}.,la nQOC; r1) YEVElaOa;
L-UV<pwva f'E TTJV a:rroooCTT) W
10U E;(OUV 0 "tou
WQCilOU <t:>LAI]"taOa ELOEQXE"tOl onlv rroAolO"tQa XOl rragor'1-
"to EVTElOfLEvO flOQLO 1"'1S guna
OV1101JXOS "tOy flEO EXEL avaol(11;w8El ESOlTlU( 10U
,TaoEow1Ou vWQo-u. 0 GJl:ovro. 010V
on '] oruO'1 10U flE flW
Aa1QEla. H au8ogfl11ola ita111 arrAO"t'1S
E;(OUV ma xa8Ei. 0 lOU KUnLfLo.XOU elvm
xm wS 1TQOS "t'1 yAwooa' ovrL 0
poeta doctus fLIOV 6WQlOU.
o (ox 10 TOU nEIO"IOTpaTOu,
o wpaio<; aTO KaiplO
0 520-490), 0 EPWTlKO<; ayycloypa<po,
(01 oaTupoi TOU Ta TOU av8pwTToU) <pai-
veral va KIVE;TOI aT'lv TOV KaX"TTOmO
rou ... Nalionalmuseel).
01 LlIAAEKTOI
IAMBOI
onAOlJTWV UIV nE:pOE:OVl1 KOl 11 Tl1V
KOPl1 Tl1e; STOOE: OTl1V EAE:UoLva KOl Ka81l0E: naVW OTIlV
aysAaOTTl nSTpal> Mia ypala, 11 KaTOp8woE: TO
amda Tile;, TOUe; va Til 6apunE:v-
80uoa 8E:a. AUTO. aIlydTal 0 amoAoylKoe; 01
Tl1e; nolllOlle; 6ploKOVTOl (rne; naVapXOlEe; TEAnSe;,
onou 6aoLAE:uE: 11 OlOXpoAoYLa, Ka8we; E:nLOlle; KOl OTIlv
nou OUOTSAAE:I TIlv u6pl TOU IOXUpOU. (11 At-
dVOl TO nou dxav Tl1
KOl OKWnTlKO KOl E:AE:u8Epla-
yAwooa TTie; SpWTEe;, 110una8E:1E:e;,
na81l KOl
H Yla aUTO. TO omoola
(x-u-). TpEle; omoo[E:e; OUyKpoTOuoav {;vav To
TpO aUTO 6PlOKE:TOl (OE: aVTl8E:Ol1 TOV nOAu KOVTa mov
UOlKO TOU npooplKOU Myou, YI' aUTO aMWmE KOl
KOl ma OlaAOYlKa TOU LTl1V OtKO-
YSVE:la E:VTaOOOVTOl KOl 01 TpoxaiOl (TO aVTi01poo TOU Kal 01
E:nWOIKSe; ouv8tOE:le;. 0 anayyE:MOTOV KanOiO aAAQ
xwple; (napaKaraJtoyrj). EVLOTE: 11 anaYYEALa nou
Kan aOE:We; KOl npoopae;, oUVOOE:UOTOV
ana
110 npwul opa anavTouv
0E: oTOV MapylTIll>, sva oKWnTIKO
oTOV 0 naAOlOTE:pOe; dVOl 0
APXlAoxOe;. AAAOI dVOl 0
o LOAWV, 0 KOl 0 AVaVIOe;. TOU dVOl 0 70e; Kat
o 60e; al. LTIlV we; AOyOTE:XVIKO dooe;
6ploKETOI OE UEOll LTIlv 11
Kal TO nllyaiov unoxwpouv o1TJv TSXVIl Kal TIlv
H WOTOoO 'ETOl
0E: EK8tTouv 0 Tle; nOlllToAOYIKSe;
TOU 8E:wplE:e; Kal Ta TOU, 01 KUV1KOl TIe;
IAOOOIK{;e; TOUe; DlaTpI6te;, 01 aVOlOXUVTOypaOI
ne; apPl1ToAoyiEe; TOUe;, 0 Maxwv TIe; yaoTplf./apYlKSe;
TOU LE: ouv8tTEI TOUe;
TOU 0 Hpwvoae;. EmavE:ie; Tlle;
E:iVat 0 Ba6plOe;
Kat 0 IPllYOplOe; 0
rAwooa TOU npOAOyOTE:XV1KOU 11 IWVl-
OlaAEKTOe; Tile;
OUVOTSe; E:VWnWTlKSe; EKpaOEle; Kat E:UaVaYVWOTEe;
opse; 0 APXlAOXOe;, nou Ul\JWVE:1 TOV aUTOOXE:Ola01IKO
OE: AOyOTE:XVIKO dooe;, KaTaE:UYEI Kat OTIlV napaOOOll,
anoE:uYOVTOe; 6t6ata TO lWVlKa mOlxda (AX nou
010 E:nIKO uoe;. IE:V1Ka 11 yAwooa TOU Eivat
60.011 0 LOAWV 8a 8S0E:l apyoTE:pa we; 6aOll Tile;
TOU nOllloTle; Tl1V OlaAE:KTO.
52
Iryv15' t:rJro<;a{Jpry xam:wa'tydvaro,
{)OV}.l'fpya xai/jin]v,TEplr(Jt,TE',
xovr'iiI'/lUI.lIt;l/JaVaElE:V, oitu
a(JElD', OitrE XO.T(JOV 1:$Oli!OU{Ja).o"
oiiu:r(Jo<;IJTVOv aa{JoX'/Ya).O/lE:vq
avaYi!!]b'avb(JaJro,EirallfJiAOV-
J.oma' bi,Ta01/<;T]/li{J'l<;liJroev:rov
bi<;, ri))'o'ur(Ji<;, xal/lU(JOI<; a).irpcra"
Iiilaiu/voo:llw/lb,'lvpOpEL
{JafJEiav, avOi/low,vi(J}(laa/li:vqv.
xaMv/lEv iiI'OE,,/la rOlallr7J yvv7}
riJJ.oUfl, r.w /j' XOVTl yil'craLKaxov,
.. .. , ,., _ r
1/1' /l1J rt; IJ Tl!(Jawo;1/ UI<1/Ttrozrt0t;!J,
Dun<;rowvro,;(JV/lOv
tl}!lwyilill;,7, 5770 (West).
Mel ry yvvaixaYEVla nWXEl roD Moyov,
ra oovA,xa xain"ocrrvxal"yarpevyel"
Iw)JjnEr"axaiXOOXlVO M
ri]v><on"la Mv(3yavElOSUJ aJc' ro orrin.
KatororpoD[!l'o Mvorixe,ovuoxovJli1;e,
nil' xanvul'x,'ayanaEl/lOVOVanoal'ayx11
ral' a.vr"ar1],' xa;J.oV(rrOlri] /liea
ovo r"ei<; /po"l:,;a'MEicpcrwj.lf./luga.
KainavIIl jwU,afXctxrcvwj.liva
(3aOEifl. xaiu%l:rao,uEva/ll:J,ov},ovaw.
Ka}.o ry drotayVl'aixaYla rov<; a.)).ou<;
OEa,ua, aA),'ELVClt Yla %W'O roD avrgo<;r7J,
haae;OJ' Ell/CIt rv"avvo<;'7 Q77ya<;
xvrwvw,HII' V' aytX}JcrOlry V)Vxlj rov.
MnaCjJQ.K.
LWV ITfQ[rruoto '1a/i(30v x(m'! YVValXWV 0 L11flUJVL011C; 0
Af.tOQyLVOC; (!J.Eoa 70u IlL.;) eX8 tCl fua OELQcl a),AOXOtEC;
yuvwxoyovies' OWY 0 8eoc; EnAaoe '11 yuvaLxa ELXE WC;
rrQonmo ylCt tIlYOOtQonLa (aAAO. XaL y,a1:11V qlCjJCtVWll OE
OQWflEVEC; :tEQlJr"OO ll;)tllC; x08:;!,wC;Eva OTOlXELO HIC; (pu,
011, 11 i:va (00. 't11C yuvaixaC;-flEAwoa, nou ELvm
OVVEnl xm OMs OL OnES (CITEQ'!Ct!;OVl:aL. lAc
),O'!La xen IAE EQya 1:11V xClwQgaxWo1'] 1:11C; XaL
eqv xc!l:aotgo'111'1 TOU aul;uYOlJ. Na E1!l'JTuga- .
odWau11 'Yuva[xa-<:pogaoo.:VClL ELVaL (,JQaLo, anaovvayn
EivaLCjJuyorrovl1,CjJLAogwx11, WLrrohi1;0011-0ao-
rrQoc; EHq;ac;", TO material girl 042u,01/l0YoC;
rrOLllniC; ELVaL 'fLQECPWVO pLac; XaL wac;
nou )(C.lT.O.tguXE1:(J.L OJ"[o avclOCjJa),tta. HYAWllOU TOU
Ll]flWVLOl] ELVaL 11 (JJv aVtLovv, Oil'//laaveLOia,aa)
y.E OQlOf'EVOUS oroAEsLAOylO)(aLtiloVVWS'l
Ii<;oprpI.lJ.I'/TO/lO<; aE rol' blO:r}.ijya
Elf!I'/Oc xaJrv.ovat:1'
Inrrwvut" (moan.19 (West).
novva OE XtX1/!El 0!Jia<;1 nowarpaJ.oxocpTQa
OE EAovoe I<W OE arpovyyJ;EXl EOV O%lQroVOEC;;
o Innwvat,0EcpEOLOC; (60C; aL),0 TOU
YQO<:PEl nOL1101l nou O,O!;fl'Pawaxl,yw,t11 1A0Lga
wu OtEQ110E t1]v OlAoQCjJcCt, wv J(AOVW XaL tOY EQWta. H
YAwooa ,ou ELVaL 1] xu80pLAOU!J.Evll !wvlxl1 xm pOAl(JT.a
,ouxoveQov Aaou. O, sEVEC; ),ESElS (naAjW,: [3aotAttX" [3i-
1<0<;' 'ljJWj.I')' OtAOLOOQLEC;, Ol W xaxEy<:paT(J. XaL
11 JTA118wQa tuJV oQWv nou nEQlYQaCjJouv oWfLauxEC; A.fl-
,0uQYLeC; J(QOOOLOOUV ow EX<:pQaouxo wu oQyavo J(OAU-
xaL naQamauxon1w. LW JrQOXELfLEVO anooJ(a-
0WIA0C; QWALOflOC; '11C; J(EQL'YQUtvrlC; TOU vEOyEV\1]1:0U
rrou lOLQLl; L XaL OXLQTCt maXEQLG' tqC; mm[vEl:aL
ceno Ouo xmaQEC;. HoVV(J.1V'1 al: rav own}_Jjya OIwaLvEL
rrov vaOE xa1/!H xeQavvo,rovLlia.HEQ(lml011 ri,a,arpa-
}.I'/ro/lo, OTIlv xQ11nx11 xmoQunow0'arpw,oxo-
1/!c; nou 011!J.a[vEl: nOta ljrav 7J ,uG',u,ulj nov oe (30ljOI'/OE va
'gOEc, arov"OU/lO ymva rl'/v xaraQacrrw. EVLo1:e 0)(nw
QWflevoc; 8ewQEL tllV EX tWV nQOtEQwv Et,axQi/3wol1 neQlt-
1:11, !.lW X(J.L 11 xmoQu 8u wvmoxo1:11C; 'IcrroelXo
A A. acpa},oxo{Jw):
I<Wnov0'arpaAoxo:raye'
xClXoXQaXH nova'acpoJ.ol<o(3Yf:VE! (AVOQOC;)'
tXOLXO va ra1] awaElanava'wpa.i..oxo(3ye
l

IcJTCplOaoTcpou<;0"0CKaTO TaU
'l'ou KOI a"o TI<; nAcupt<; KOIA,a<;
TaU ayyclou a Jl& nAoiJOia xaiTn KOl TO KC'I'aAl CVO<;
aAoyou. H To"oecrciTal oc ITOU
0 ayVur
OTO<;: VCKplKa ayycla oywvOe&TIKa (lToeAa, ITPo-
TWV yiJpw aTO 570
n.X. EeVIKO APXOIOAoYIKO Mouocio).
53
M. Z KOnlMKHI
01 illAAEKTOI THt AOrOTEXNIAt
MEAOI (MONnAIA)
[JQj} f}pTJlxi7J, ri pE llOV},OgL mro TTJ eguX'1
J.050V oppaur(JAbrovoa YWTi,uE j3Ai:nw;Ittr7JV CIi<QYJ rov
V7J)iwq rpEVyElq, lioxEiqlit ,uanav%r u011Jaxva
1" ovliivEiliivuloorpov; <PaiVEWL avioweaflE vo,uiscu;.
"[rrf:Jr xaUjjq}livell' TOr NasEQELr;, wQuia eaIlJlOPOVOU
rovXa},IVOV Ep(1aAOLfJL, ro Xa},LVI)[iL yaoovj36J,w.
li'qwvurpEf(!orfJi 2CPlXni xQaTWVWr; ra },ouQu:!
0'ap'PiriQfJara li{!opov ea 0'iorQEcpu orovOQOflOV nr;%UflJlEr;,
vVv bE hlfJwva,rE(160X01 TW!2Ci fJommr; oro. Ar(3<iOw
xofhpa rEIml(!rwoaJruil;w;, XL o.wUucppu XOQOTrTJO<1r; XWTro.iI;ELr;.
&501' yiLp t.y;rO;;rtifiTfl' AnooJ-oya 0xa(3aJ.6QTJr;OOV
ouxf.(ELq&YEfJ(JarTfv. GEySEQE.
AVUXQfWV, 335 (LGS).
QS au),LxoS 0AvaxQEwv (572 -4S5) UIlYYjOE lLS xa-
QES HIS 101' EgWW xaL 10 xgaol. HaVelAa<pgfj omv-
8fjgoPoo),a xaL CJorpci agXL1EX10V't]flEV't] rrOLfjoT] lOU o-rel8fjXE
1lg01vrro 1l41fjCJ% YW lOVS But,avllvous Xat EUQ(OJWlouS
rrOLfjlES ovp.1l0UXOlV aO!lellWV (<<avaXQEOV1Ha). 0 Ava-
XgEWV ygcirpEL O1:fj y),WCJOtll't]S JWLOEUCJEWS OAOXAfjgfjS lfjS
EnelI'Jas,1l0U101'60at.ELVat fj xmV1]
o 1lg00ELXaOflOS av8gwrrwv fiE t,wa ELvatEva 1laAtO 1'J0r-t-
fWOflEVO lEXI'C!CJfla !"u8oygelrpUlV lWt crot'llTc!J'V. 1!I'J'l Lfj-
fl<JlVLI'J't]S 0A[lOQYLVOSEiXE toXugto8ElonOt,.axEsESE\. lUll'
yuVatKWV 0CPELJ,0V1ClL 01'11' 10US a1l0 I'JLarpogC!
t,wa' flOVO fj KC!1ayoflEv't] ano lfjV flE),Looa ElVat
H yuvaLxa-imros XCI.l1EEOCfQ) ElVaL xaxo-
19orros, '''-Ol EvI'JLaCPEQEWt 1l0VO Ylu
TOV xC!UwmOflO 11K Tov tI'Jw 7Tg00WWOilO XQfjOLfL01l01EL
lWL 0AVC!xgEUlv yw, I'll ;TF.gL':QC11]JEL lfjVUJtEgfjrpcivELa,111v
lelO!l yta xat,'1v I'Jtci8E011 IlLaS
wgaLlLS E1(1Lgas Hnalga-rpOQaOLlOa ilJtOQEL va 011jlJlEgL-
qJEgfTr.( orrws 1'1; a.QEOEt, EQlLOl1is-'t]VlOXOS ELVaL
(lJIagos Xat llaA8axos Av wo-roCJo 111 8EOll TOV
0 EIl;TfLgoS Xat gWflaAEos T61E -iWQel w:;
xaUX11OLo),oyi,'S lOU OU1E 0lOWS 0 rrOLllll'IS Elvm OU
80 IlJlOQOUOEval'JailcioEll0UTL8aoo yUVUlO.
TalQoxa'l1(ci oiilETga 6iouxaI'JLvOUv YOQY0111TO -fllaXLV't]01]
aE\)Lv'l 8aicEyafJ.E 010 1l01't]!-'O., 0 TOVOS flVCtLnW'(YtwI'J't]SxU!
Ovel)'.Ufrgo,.To OUVOAO xagaxll1gLt;F.TQI alto
XOj.t\jlll JlAaOUxoTll'ta xat. XelQll. To ),EY.111<.0
ElVaL XOl.VO Wivo pi.u OJlelVW (aaol[(;IQrl';) xm fILa oq(VO-
AS'l (i.crt,u/36.u/; ant o.v0.(3<irl)<;;). H 1:UJlOAoYlo
lWV W;ElUV fXEl Evav EAaqgo lWVlXO XgUlIWttofIO (;It:w-
QaoEiwan: roL (TO OEU1EQO roL 0101' OTLXO 5) aVll OOL,
f30axcw aVIl(300)/,17)
ITO aTTlKO TlIVOKIO (520-510 n.X.), nou
TOI OIOV oyyloYPoq>o TOU KOt 6pi:61]K OTO Vulei
naptaTovovTOl KOI nou q>opa
yuyolKia yOUIlGlo. 1e TlIypa-
KOnOlay an6TOU, AYaKpt-
OVTO. !ly ivol orri8ayo ),omov Kal "a rrpOKITaI Yla TOY
'Iwya nou TO 522 aT1]V rrpoaK-
TOU Imrapxou,
ara II".' a
(80at)'ia, Antikenlnuseum und Sam-
mlung Ludwig).
54
TOV Tl AUpa lVQl TOU TlXlO
0 TO KOIAO KaUKOAO Kat
SVTpa 6001WV. 0 AnOAAWV ana
Kat 0 ana Til Aupa TAlonolllo 0
(0Tspnwv
Kat HCPUPOIl TOU anool-
onatOTTl Lancpw. J\Upa dVat0 TOU yxopoou KQl
Til aITJV Kna[OuOTl. LuvSnOTpOl TunOl
TOU opyavoulVOl11 KISapIC;, 11 11 6ap6ITOC;, 11 11 apna
Kat 11
LTTlV apXatOTTjTa, lVQl 11 nOlllOTJ nou OUVOOUTOI ana
unoKpouoll AvaAoya TOV Tpono TWV
olaKplVTat O nou KTAlTal ana
xopo KOI O (solo), nou npOOWTIlKOTpO KTAlTat
anaTOV 1010 TOV H lVQl TO
11 onola Ta
l1aTa KQl aVTlOTOlXl 11 Til oUYXPOVIl
nolllOTl. 0 (ana TO anOKaAUnT1 Til oTVOTOTIl
OXSOll 11 Ta I1SAIl op-
napsxouvTIlv VTunwoll
ouvSOIl OTO aUTI TllV aloSIloll
'ETaIAomov11 J1AOC; KOI aMIl
J10UOIKO K0J1J10Tl Kal KaT' mSKTaoll TO 0'
aUTO a06I1VO noil7J1Q. 0 nMTWV TO oUYKll1VO ana
TOV AOyO, TrlV KQl TOV puSl1o.
111l1110Upyol TOU SVTXVOU SWpOUVTat 0 Kalil
Lan<pw CPUOlKa OV K TOU npOTuna lVQl
TO TpayouolaTOU anAOU Aaou. 110va-
00TOU atOAlKOU lVQl
11
To aKpl6w<; TO npOaWnlKo. KOlTa
TaU oev va auvoe8d KOl
OlOAeKTO OUTe KOl va unoTOx8d 010U<; Kavove<; yAWO-
oa<;. 'ETOl a Ko8e W<; 60.011 Yla va
TO npoawmKO TaU lOlOAeKTO T11 ol6.AeKTo T'1<; TaU nQTP[-
OQ<;. '1 npwT11 UA'1 uljJWV810l KQTQKOpU<Pa novw ana T'1
V
Ka8'1lleplVQT'1TQ, Ka8w<; 06vla ano T'1
V
na-
POOOO'1 (Aoyo1Unou<;, OTO KOl YAWOOlKO
snineoo) Kal nou nlVOOUoe TO yAWOOO-
nAa01lKO TaU 0 AAKalO<; Aomov KOl '1 Lan<pW
auv8bouv Ta TOU<; 010 QlOAlKO T11<; i\s060u, a Ava-
KPSWV OT'1V OlOAKTO, '1 KOPlVVQ O1a QlOAlKO T'1<; BOlwT1Q<;, 11
TeAsOIAa ana TO 'Apyo<; O1a OWplKO, 01 nOI'1Ts<; TWV a11IKwv
OKOAiwv Tpayouola) aTQ QTnKo"iwvlKO. H W010ao,
TaU TOnlKOU oV auvsnoy81Ql O1evo TTvullaTlKo
aAM aVTI8sTW<; 0'1AWVel on a sXe1 OTl<; K-
<ppa01lKs<; OUVQTOT'1T<; TaU T11<; lOlalTspa<; TaU nQTplOa<;.
H oUyK[V'1Oll Kal TO Ka[plO va eK<ppa010UV 1l
0VO
01'1 yAwooa nou KQvd<; ana TO 111<; TaU.
Avec;6pT'1Ta 6s6Qla ana T'1 oloAeKTo unopXl va<; KOlVO<; napo-
T'1<; yAwooa<; TWV lleAOnolwv: 11 aMoT11
Ta
nou
oupyi T'1V al08'1011T11<; KQlT11e; IAlKp[VlQ<;.
sxel H ov
QVOyK'1 ana npl110 OTOA[OlQ KQl
6aplo 0 novoe; Kal '1
xapo ivOl n'1yaia Kal 10 n11-
yaio ivQl ana T'1 <pu011 TO U
anspmo.
To XO'KIVO TTOU npotpXCTa, ano Koplv8,aK6 cpva-
(60, 01.) 6pt8nKC aTn I\WM1VIl, vcapo, avvclo, ova-
TO 1875, KO' TO 6paxuawl'0, aUo a'l'Plvn).o a).OVOKI TO
1935. ,"nta, 15cv ,"ITCUEI ITpO, TO ITapov TO 15,KO
TOU O).OVO, nou 6plaKCTO' aTo Aou6po, aUo TO o).OVO TOU a15).-
'l'OU TaU (ITpOKC'Ta, TTpO'l'OVW, Via TOU, l\,oaKOUpou,), TOV
oIToia KaTtXI ara on).CXVa Til, V
aio

E8vIKO APXOlO).OV'KO Mouacio),
LJdirt pO! vii'aov
i'q;(}tfJOi
EWO(JJ OVfJ(JJ Jr(!orpaVTjrE, Kaaro(!
xai n
01' xaT' m(!l/av XOOva :<ai Oa),aauav
lCaiaav f(}xwf)' W%UJrOOOJv ix' i]rJrwv,
0' OaVlZfW gvwOE

wuovywv O(!r!)UXOVTE, ix' a%(!1Z VlZWV
mjJ.oOev MfJJr(!ot Jf(!orov'
a(!"/aJ.ip. (j' tv vV)/Tt
vai pdu.iv(l
Ahuioc;,34(PLf).
Ko.orw(! >Wt flo}.vOV%IJ, 'ItaXo.elJ /lOV EOW EMu aq)/jvo-
vrac; rou fli20Jra rlJ Jlwi5w roy Llia Xat
i5vvarci, ItE oJlJ.axvv{)j xaqOw CPQvEiu. EOell; navOJ aJlo
Jl},cmic; 1<L 020. ra Jli2ara YUQvau ci},oya
LJrJlEVOVWc; "at xweie; xono curo rov (jrivaw Jrov oa"Qva
yEvva OW!;EU [Javw am rwv
"aea(3tW1' p.E r' aVEra xafJial'am avaJrlJoau =o/la"Qta
},aI'JlEQoi reixovwc; no.vw amoxomo. TOU u:rrov XCII ,me;
orov rQo/lou flJ vVxw cpiQvovwe; rrye; owrlJeiac; TO cpwe;
oro axowvOXf!W/lO ><a(!6pl
oAAxo.ior; (Y W'101jltQLV '[0 630-20),yovoC; agWToxgo'[Wv
11jr; lto)' !1'10E wvruQavvo M\lQolAo,aUci>tal
TOV lto).mxo oLaHax111 ilmoxo.To.
'[(1 '[0\1 EtVaL UVVOL oroue; Ocoue;, (J1)!1ITouxCt, QOJ1IXCt :XaL
omoLOJuXCt (ltOAm:XO'lJ H rou OCLU-
flCtt, 1m YLa '[I'] '[I'] O LVOrl']TU, '[I']V qbvt'1TaXaL
111 oClqlllV LCt "l<;.
L,[I']V aQxmOt'1W JtLat \laV au0 K6mwQ XaL 0 110).\lOEU-
:XI]<;, OL 6LOOXO\lQQI., F1LtyOVtt,OVTUV wr; )..aJ.l1C QOt OOTEQ[S
onr; xOQl:'P; '[OJV XOTOQUWV '(lO va ITQomm JjJo\lv to\le;
Oo).aoooooQ!tVOUC;. LW V o'[ Qo XQOvw. Ol qJwmvot(\)lDt
OUOOVOl, ltOU oqJ U,OVTOl O '1). XtQLl< C; E'XX VWOElt; '[llC;
a1!IOOqJOI.QOr; OJ,o taUr; 'EA).llV C; VU\lUKO>J;
TEAWVLW> XQL alto TOllS SEvO'U; q;iTtCt. 10U /\.'/i,OlJ 'E)'!J.o1J>\,
oA;'.. XlltOC, ),OIJtOv. "1 tOlV 6LOOXOU-
QWV. ,vm,vd?l. opO)' lrQ(I'l'flon 10 {lXclcpOr; tOll lIOLqll]:
To ;nOavo'[EQo ril'aL anltgoxmmYIO O),).111'0gtO: OHOrrO;
Elvm o).6X).11Q11 11 lto),11 t11e; KaL '[gLY.lJILLo. 0
!1(PU).LOc; ovu!tcoa omu; UQLOtaXQOt C; ElUt-
gOll;'[0\1 AAxoiouXaL atOvtugawoMUQoi),o.
To. Wi((XO XClQOXt11Qlatll.O tau ),wBwxou lOuUflawc; 'tllr;
OlOAEXWU, toOITOtO aITovwvv OTO ItOi1111Ct. ELVIlL:
H OlUt11Qlj0'1 tou ITQ(J)tO'(VooEuQwn;a'(xou !lo.XQOU a (va
aov), 0 '1:OlJ tOvou (.1.brovue;), '1 o.JtWMW "1;
iiaoELa; (frmwv ) , O JwgaYOJyLxE IJ CIVtt H
(evQllaJ'), Jrawav OVltnaoav, -0I.e; ant-ove;(av(j(;niiJrol,),
w ovttov o'[11','[VlXll (8avarw), anl(5 O11']v
VOJV !;a)/QvoEvroc;, 00 aVet t vro; tWV ).li" OJv:
evoovywv, nry},/J8ev OVtL rlJ},ofJEv, vy antavo.. ovrQixn.
vrEe;. To XaLtoQija XaL0AOyOWlTOC; fJrlVo.rw !;axQuoe-
vroc; 'lJ.uJ.t;, E737) LVUt :;uxaatOtxnu.
M. Z KOnlMKHI
55
OUI< [m'hviJoC;
oNj'[!Jac;b vI/wivwuuiJ..f/OtC;
oub'lxcoJrEpyaf/aTQoia;.
1:n\lJixoQor;, 'Ewo.: UltO(J7t. 62(LGS).
'fJif'ara,1jJif'w:a'
LlEVf'mj;w;;oraxaqcifltaf'E fO YfQO O%UQi,
Or1' icpraoEC; ora"clOTQa fl/C; TQwciOac;.
oT UJlas Ifl goioS (632-556) Xf(JOWE 10 ovolla LTIJOl-
xo(Jor;, rr(JuHoolcnY]oE O1Y]v IOU
xogLXOU E1ILV01l0E IY]V EJIWOLxl11QLaOo,
),EUIy]X 10 rr)"ouol(t oguXEi.a IT]<;
rwgoOOOY]r;, xmrr)"olHLoE W aygOLxLxeJ. owgLxa 1Y]; XOgL-
X11r; rroiY]oY]r; oavELa Grro 10V Eo-UY,a \i;L),OYIXO 81loaugo.
M,ynm em xorWIE rrou OE IlLav WOll IY]V
Qgala E)"fyy] IUlrl,w8y]XE. lOlOr; xawvol10E 10
ocp611la IOU xmouv 8WE Il]V rra)"LvQJoiav, arrou LOXUQl-
01l1XE onDaglr; ElXE flOVO 10 oLOW),OW I1']S!
'E1OIO nOtl111lr; ElOE 10cpwr; IOUtl)'LOU.
AvamUYlla ano xopou )Je
evov Kal Ttooepl<; OTO AOIIIO
(yupw aTa 700; n.X.). 'Epyo TOU Zwypil<jloU TOU AvOAa'
TOU E8vIKO APxoloAoYIKO Mouoeio).
01 IlIAi\EKTOI THI i\OrOTEXNIAI
XOPIKH nOIHIH
H nOAI1E;[a Of.V f.KnOlOf.Uf.1 KOi
noA[Tf.e;, aMo nf.1Sapxrwvoue; AnalTd OUV8nWe; Hlv
TOU OTO OUVOAO KOi f.uvodTIlV npo-
anOSf.la. Mf. aUTO TO OUVOOf.1 Kal TO AOYOTf.XVIKO dooe;, nou
avamUxSIlKf. Of. OWplKe; nf.plOxe;, Il nO[IlOll npOKf.1TOI Yla
tva ouvSno xopoe;, KOl Tpayouol (J.1oAmj),
Il K<!>paoll TWV K1VIlI..IOTWV Tile; avSpwmvlle;

nOTp[oa Hle; nOIIlOlle; Sf.WpdTOl Il LnopTIl TOU louaL.,
nou TOTf. Of.V Kat aAAQ
TWV Mouowv. LTIlV Kal nOAIl, 0
M0610e; aOl06e; Hpnavopoe; OTllv KISapwo[a KOi 0IW-
Lapolavoe; Sbf.1Tie; 6oof.le; YIQ Tllvavomu-
Tile; no[11 Olle; ApyOTf.pa, OTav ma Il LnopTIl oPyavwv8TOl
Of. KOlVWVLa, Til OKUTOAIl 01 6wplde;
Tile; Mf.yaAIle; EM60ae;. 0 LTIlO[XOpOe; a f.nlVOIl0f. TIlV 8nW-
Tpl60a 8nw06e;) KOi KaSlpWOf. we;
KO TOU XOpLKOU TOV l1uSO Yla Sf.OUe; Kat LTllv
TOU OOIlYOUV TO AUP1KO aUTO f.[Ooe; Tpf.le; nOIIlTe; nou Of.V
dVOI 0LII1WVLOIle; 0Kdoe;, 0aVLljJLoe; TOU BaKXu-
A[OIle; KOi TO Mouoowvif.p6vOTOl..la, 0nlvoapoe;.
APXIKO, 11 YAwooa Tile; nOIIlOlle; 11 Tile; nf.AO-
11f. KOnOlQ f.mKO OTOlxda. 0 M061Oe; Hpnavopoe;XPWI10-
TlOf. 11f. TIlV OIOAf.KTO TOU TO OWpLKO nOiIlTlKO
f.mVOlllla. 'ETOI OTOV AAKI10Va ana-
6ir VTOUV O<!>SOVOI OlOAI01..10 [ (AX rtJatvva:
ana Tie; XOpITf.e;). 0 Ap[wv 0
MIlSUI1Va[oe;, a LTIlO[XOpOe; KOi 0 '16uKOe;,
AOYW Tile; Sf.l1aToypO<!>[oe; TOUe;, f.l1nAOUTI-
Til OIOAf.KTO 1..If. f.VTOVOTf.PO f.m-
KO-IWVIKO OTOlxda. 'ETOI I1lQ
Tile; nO[IlOlle;,
nou dVOI KpOl..la ana OWplKO (Il 60011),
OlOALKO KOi WLKO OTOIxda H
anaOAOUe; TOUe; 'EMIlVf.e;. AKOI..IIl f.VTOVOTf.,)() sm'\O-
LWV1KO XPWI..IOTL0I..I0 npo08bouv 0 KaL 0 BaKxuALolle;.
LTO onlKo XOplKO 00110 TOU 0 OWpLKOe; Xf.L
aOUVOTIOf.1 TOOO nOAu wOTe va Of. OU116aoll. 0 nlvoapoe;
OTW KOi OTllv avanOAOlWVf.I 1..If. owpda
OUOTIlPWV Til I1lyooa OIOAf.KTO nou nopAo6f. ana TOV
LII1WVlOIl. Ano TO Of.UTf.PO TaU SOU at. TO 110AQI..IOTO TO onola
<!>OpTWVOUV 01 TOU Vou 018up01..l60u KOl TWV KI8opW01-
KWV TO npoowno Tile; noillOIle; Of.V
f.lVOl napoll npoown[oaTaU dooue;. ea.
56
M. Z. KOrlIMKHL:
"Ecrtl fl,uuiJ'V riat, nai(}vouvxoi"ryory Ot Ow!.
o{j' iiJ.jJLO" oun;rorppwv '0A{3LOr;, onmor;ovl'cra
al'Uav[{jI)a;TUXEt nAix<w,rodAOr; ro vfJl.la rfJr;
tixMwroq'c'ywv {j'ciEi{jw XWQi,va"J..6:l/m. Na,xatyw r(}ayav6w
f\)'1&iJ,to rpw" Ql!W co cpw,rry,Aylow,.Tryl'{3},inw oav
F'wr'aJJ.1W, Qv;Ul! Ii/llv COl' 1J,LO, nauxoil'ry ravxaJ..d
A)'1,)6/la!'rUl!ITat va;.ta,rpwrwt. E;.tiva ytarryvAYLOW
rpaiV1Jv, t/li15' our'c,Talvijv ry AyryotxoQaOv,u'acp1vt our
vine 'VI'V ti xkwtil.0!!ayo, xW.o ouuxaxoAOYO vanw. <PaiVTat
vv{j'rJ/lW,iijl'{joxelyiu} ailra Xt ano;.toV'fJ rryr; va sxwQil:;1oavva 'QtXV
rw,iiJJrtt!arn, xavoi,iJ.r; o"omiot
tvpenol,QTacmv!:Jr.-rov (L),0Yo 6uvar6irOAU Xt aOJ..ofPoQo,
JrayOv ciOJ.orpo(}Ol' xavaxa;ro{)a o sxoucpaivtaxaJ..Jrao;.tor; rou,
rwvVitO;rt(}IO!wvOVlllWl'. va wrora oVt(}a facpu(}wra..
AJ.xlluv,1,36-49(LGS),
LW 1855 11 ay"w.Ala. !Jae; XaQWE Evav JlanvQo
tOU 10val.[LX q)1)),a.aaE1Cll mo 0onoioe; Exm6rrE-
glnov(an6tOVe; 140;)mLXOVe; UJl6!::vufIaQ8EvELOVtOVA),x!Juva.ITQ6xmm
YlU[LlU cptAOAOylXlj ExOoall"tOV rra),m61Qov ,LOvomQoq;txoV
nov!Jue;
AYVWO,Ee; JluQa[LEvOVv Ol rrQlmaOELe; y,m 0 oxo1t6c 111e; OlOaoxaHuc;
tOU [[aQ8EvEiou.'[owe; vu1wgaata8TpcEOE xarrola H).E-
61tOU W y.OQLWLa yLvovwvoEx,amol' IWVWQl!JWV yLU
yuVaLxWv. To noL11.UU (m8av6ww) IJE mLe; MouaEe;,
uxo),ou80uauv OVO flu8aAOYlXC; xagu-
T] Xo8E IJlaurrotV; orralES bJoftVE ,UE IJW EV ElOEt 118lxov
Eltl!lU8l0U. To. 3/4 W01:000 cou O1Jvo),ou, to w8auto xogtx6,
EUIQurrE),LES, -ae; 1J11v
J((u;OL MoXOQOl XOQLWLWV oWyOJVli;OV1aL wVXOQo XaL10
tgayouor..[().AO ouYXg6vwe; XOIJ\jJOt11W XUlI11v Xogomo-
n;ELVUl II A'(rlolx6Qa, )'U!J11EQlj A'ILOW.
;\LaWXUL XaL 101I1Q6EVtEXvo-uQY11fla tOu
AAxIlCtva.
EaaT] y),woaae;tOU AAx[Lavo.ELVUl [LLa UCPllQllIlEvIJ,
XWQLS AUXWVLOIJOUe; IT]; OlUAExtOU.A1taV10UV,wcn600,xmO,OLXEla
UlOAlXU (mo xACVl'a rwr["AElvil) xmeJtlXU,61twe; Errl lIugaOLwau11
OUVC1.1jl''l &rnov nayov a02acp6Qav, 1TOU rrQOQXE1Ul UUtOUOlU ano TIll' 'lAta.oa (I
123) 0 Ivrro;ou;;v (ow,: eEO,) Elvm uXQmq.vole; ),uxwvLx6c;,o),Aa rra),v [LE-
WYEVEO'TEQOe; TOU Ah[Lclva.H 1tQacpoQu wu eOJ; a ;raQoivor;)
IOU'401' (ll.H:FlQ0 ala.wu'm;o ;<"IIJEVO o({':li-nuca1:11 Ola[lAc,JTlY,il
IWVA),fsavoQLVUJV cfL),a),0ywv.
anoIE),EL 11 ouvo\jJT] rwvV;rOJIHQLOiwv OvdQWv. Av
flE, O;\W; 0 H(JUJowvoC;, onTO 1tQOEgXETUl arro 10 uno-
mrQi6LOr; 16tE TO VOllflC( ELVOl: EVU a",6 W qJ1:EQWICt .. Av 10
tOIE 8u1tQoxmm'I'G w OVElgU 1tOU GaOL XOL-
[LOUV1Ul10 xU),OXUlQLxCtTUJ a11:o l11v JraXLCt oxw.TWV
o noAtu1 Tal' TpiTWVO KOI 01 XOptUOUV.
LTo WWTPIK6 KuA'KO, on6 TOpKuvio (yupw <ITa 550
n.X.)nOprOTavtTOI a va noAtu1 Tal' TpiTWVO Kaf01
va aupaul' Tal' KUKAIO xop6 TOU,.
at KUKArK, (Tarquinia, Museo
Nazionale).
HAPnArHTH2: E/lENHl:;
LTa (750700 n.X.) an6 tva,
yuvaiKa navwOTa nAoia,nau ivOi va
ananAtua1. HKaSt
lvOi aTO Q"uvoAa, wOT6ao va xaver au
BPTOVIK6 Mouaia).
57
l.-rij(J! i<ai OIXfl!J1YV K[Joioov na{Ja uii/la (JavOvror;,
Uv ;ror' ivin{J0pCt.lOlr; WJ.WE OOV{JDr; "A!JTJr;.
l:raoov XCH OinJ.a arov rarpo rou VX(}OV Kgoioou.
oO{}/l'lrLXOr; J1eTJr; rov 8avarWOE vw nOA.E/JoVOE orTJv
newr/)
To 1laQ(lltavwE1lLYQaflfla ELvmXaQGWEvO lJE aTIlXO a/.cpa-
itaVDJ lJ' tvaoxa>-[a1lo 'tT]V aQxaLa EVO; E1lL1:Ufl-
xouQou (yUQw Otl): 530) ana no:QLCLVO 1l0U
Ol:TlV .
oVEXQO; /.OlJl:OVcptQElW wucptAOJ,.11vOr; 1:Tlr;
AuoLar; 0 XQ. lJW AvOo},oYTJ/la 8r)oavewv rov
EOv!xov MOVOEWV, Ol'][l. 57 lJTlflElWVEl: 0 xaIJ,L1:tXV71r;
1:0U KQOLOOV ELva! a'1:I.xo;: 0 oQyavLlJ!-Lo; ELVaL
gWI.wM:O;,[ ...JGAWT] alo8T]OTl ytO'Tl AEll:Ougy(aEVO;OQYU-
VLlJlLOU 1l0U qJavEQwvEWL rrgorruY1wv on;aQ8QwoEl; xal
mLS!-LaAaxtr; Tl E1ll0EQllloa,nov O!!Wr;vita-
XOUEl O,OV EOWl:EQlXO oXEAno,XMOLU [laAaxO'tT]W,nou
XC!.l 01:11V XOfl11, 11 XO!!1jJ0'TlW ,WV1!EQlygullflU1:WV,
nov qJavEQwvoUV 'TlV OlOYXWOl'] ilW 1:WV
Ol:OlXElWV wuoQyavLlJflOU-tvanVEufla),OlJtOV1l0Uouv6uo-
'TlVnOLOl:lX fXJJ:nWVOl'] xalapgo'11wflE 1:T]V uOCjl<i.Ana
ellS xawlJxEu1i:., X(J.L nou xOQUCjlUJVEWl mTlV
lOU 1lQOOUJJlOU, ELV(J.L G1laQaYVWQLlJW YVWQLO!ta
1:TlS axo4<'1]1:11; qJAoyasTOU OHlXOU llVEUIW1:or;.n
o KQI TO oKoAI TaU TO
E9vIKO ApXQIOAoYIKO MouaciG).
/'
\
-)

I
01 LlIAAEKTOI THr AOrOTEXNIAr
EnlrPAMMA
rlQ va KPOHISd 11 TaU VEKpOU YlQ va dvOlTO KAEO<;
TOU OVOSETI1 O<1>SLTO, yLO va0l1AwSd11 KUplOTI1TO 11 OVo-
yKI1 va xopoXSd novw OTOV TO<1>O, 010 ovoSI11l0 KOL 010 XPl101LKO
OKEUO<; 1110 HEJlJlETPI1 nouoUJl6iwVE JlE TO OVTL-
KdJlEVO Ele; TOV OLWVO WIYPOIlIlO. To JlETPO TOU EmYPOJl-
JlOTOe; dvOl TO EAEYELOKO Oi01LXO. EmYPOJlIlOTO OE OE
IOJl60ue; KOl OE Tpoxoioue; OUVI01OUV TOU KOVOVO. rlQ
TOUe; OUOTI1POU<; TExvlTE<; TOU dooue; nou va nouvnOA-
M,oMoI1E AiyoMylO,I110EW0l1e; EKTOOl1 dvOlTO o[OTLXo:
n6yKaAo i:niypalJlJa E:!val TO oloT/XO, 6vqJTaOIC:;
roue; TpEIe; oTlxoue; pa!/JwoEie;, OEV ouvBi:TE:le; i:nlypalJlJa.
(naAanvf] 'AvBoAoyia 9, 369)
nOTpiooTOU EmYPOI1IlOTOe; oT0811KE I1lwvioTaU louOt.
Ano EKd IlETO<1>UTEUTTlKE KOl Kopn0<1>0PTlOE wi OlW-
VEe;, loiw<; O1I1V npWTO<; 0l11l0VTIKOe; WlypOI1-
JlOTOnOlO<; 0 LlIlWVIOl1<; 0 Kioe; (556-468 n.X)
nou onoSOVaTlOE TI<; vIKE<; TWV EAMvwv KOTO
TOU<; MI10LKOU<; noAEllou<;. KOTa TT)v EA.AllVLOTl-
TO W[YPOJlIlO onoonoTOL ana TO IlVI1-
Ilio TO ovoSI1JlO KOL OE OUTOVOIlO
AOYOTEXVIKO ioo<;, nou IlE TI1V
nOLKIAio TWV SEIlOTWV TOU TI1V KOSI1IlEPLVOTI1TO.
To WlYPOJlIlO OEV dVOL mo 1l0VO ovSo<; TI1<;
nbpoe;, oMoEVa AUptKo nO[TlIlO
KO, nvwlloTwOE<; KOL npoKAI1TlKO, nounpOO<1>E-
pnOl yLO onoyyEA[O OTO OUllnoOlO LO[W<; TWV
AOY[WV. lII0<1>opEe; OTI1 KOL OTO U<1>0<;
unOOl1AWVOUV TI1V axOAWV APX'1YETT)<; TT)e;
(nEAonOVVI100e;, MEYOAI1 EAAO<;,
EIVOlO !\Ewviooe; aTopovTivoe;. To SEIlOTO Tile; axo-
iVai a onAOUe; 6[0e;", Ol1we; 11 EK<1>POOl1
EivOL Em<1>OVEie; EKnpoownOI Tile; IWVl-
(w<1>POOUVTl
OAAO OU01I1pOTI1TO) iVOL 0AOKAI1maOl1e;, a
KoMiIlOXOe; KOL nooiomnoe;. Tov 20 KOL TOV 10 ot.
fleX. 11 axoM (AvT[nOTpOe;
5
LlOWVIOe;, MAaypOe;, <l>IAOOfll-lOe;) w8d we; TO OKpa TOUe; al08IlTlKOUe;
nlpalJaTIOIJOUe; Kal Tllv Tile; O)(oMe;
L TIlV TXVIl TaU AaXloTou Olanpnouv KQl 01 yuvaiKe;. HNoo-
oie;, 11 AVUTIl KQl 11 'Hplvva anOTLJnWoav ma mYPOlJlJaTO TOUe; TIlV
TpueppoTIlTa KQl TO Ba8u TPlKUlJlOlJa Tile; yuvQlKiae; To wi-
ypalJlJa IJla OUTPIl TOV 40 at. IJ,X. KaAAlpylTQl
olJwe; KQl mil npiooo. H AITOTIlTa Tile; aUTOU TOU
AOYOTXVlKOU looue; epa[v8TQl va 1J8 TIlV aOKIlTIKoTIlTa TOU
xptmlaVtKOU nV8UlJaTOe;.
APXlKO a TonOe; onou BpiOK8TQl TO IJVlllJlo KQl Til 010-
A8KTO TaU 8mypOlJlJaTOe;. OIJWe; TO wiypalJlJa iVQl KQl ana
KQl ana onoLjJIl TKVO Tile; Ayioe; (11
8A8yla unOK8lTal OTO mTuIJBlO, 11 OTO ava81llJaTlKO) KQl 8Y-
yo VI TOU noue;, KaTO TO TAOe; TOU 40u at. 11 OlOA8KTOe; unoxw-
Pl108 mo WlKO-8A8Y8IaKo loiwlJa, nou 1J8 Til 08lPO TaU 8a KaV81 TIlV
8n0X1l 0PIOIJV8e; OTllv l'llaA8KTlKoi
Tunol anavTouv IJOVO 08 YUlJvaOlJaTa we; OUV810IlTO[ apxaIolJoi.
LTIl X8lpoypaepll nopaOOOIl TWV apxa'lKWV 8nlypalJlJaTWV WIKpaTl
KanOla OUYXUOIl nou oeplA8TQl mlllJaKpoXPOVIl napaoo-
all KQI OTle; 8nIJBaOIC; ypoepWV KOI ov80AOywv. 01 OlaAKTLKOi TunOI
aVTlKa8imavTal ouxva ana TOUe; oVTimOlXOUe; mKO-lWVlKOUC; KQl
aTTlKOUe;. 'ETOI Yla Til OIOAKTO TIle; 0PXQlOT8PIle;
8mypOIJIJOTOnoliae; napolJtvouv IJOVO TO 8mypaIJIJOTO nou 01oow81l-
Kav navw 08 ntTpo nllAO IJEToMo. ed-
oAt:wvilfa, Kat 01 rplaK6aloi aTl, et:PllorrtiA;;c;, 6nwe; TOUe; aTOV
rrivaKo TOU 0 Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) (napial, Aou6po),
7Q ayyiJ),LV AaxfbaLfiaviou; onrfjbf
xclfidJa, ro[f,' XclVWV (n7fiaUL rccdJofifVOL.
fJalanvr, f\. vOoMyia 7, 249,
IJw{Jar1'/, va nw; orove; AaxECiOl,uoviove; nwe; EOO)
vmixovo! aue; EvroUe; rove; E(UaorE Ba/livol.
To mo rp11flLOIJ.EVO ErrLYQalJ.lJ.a HIS JW'ly.00I-lLCIS ),OyOTExvLas.
AJlob[bETm o"tOV xm 8QV),ELWt JluJS ELXE xaQa-
X8El ow rroAvavbQLOV TWV TQLcowolWv wu i\Ewviba rrov
E.n:EOaV mLS (480 rr.X.). 0 TaqJos IJ.ta qJwv1l
arro TOV Ta<po TOV rrEQaOTLXO xm wv IlLa-
BaTf] XWQIs JlEgUJl:gOqJEe; (y.aru W ELw80w HIS OJlagTtan-
oQo),oy[as aJlaQElJ.qJ').rOU an[
va rruEL on) L..l:UQTf] Xat va avaYYI/'EL OTt at
rroAEwo"tES EXOUV OnfAEOEt TO TOU;I 2J!aQTIUTf];
bEV EXEL arr0I-lELVEt 'Ita va EXU),EOEL tf]v ME
uxga ALTOrf]W 0 TI)e; orraQTtaTIKf\C;
aywYl1S rrou ErrEBaAAe rrTtiJflaWS" ow XE).Euofla-
W TWV VOIJ.Wv Xat TWV aQXwv Tf]S rr.arQillas. Kat TO ),.EXTtXO
xm f] ELVat Eva o"tQa-
TtWTLXO avaxoLVWOEv. OL "E!JUVOL (EUCjJl11tUJtLXWS avrL loU
tOU Bavovue;) ELVat LrraQTtCHES, 0 nOLI)t11e; EIVat LWVLY.l1S
xawywYJ1S, I)lltaAExWS E[Vat 11 rrou XQI)OqlO-
rr.OIITm XUTa xav6va 'Ita W
Tiv fic, M:avT:ClYx' JJva mJo"rovc,
9qXf -"r:i,,' !!PX[VOf,'. "fJo[o,;" 0 "bi'/.opat.
f\.vOo}.()yia 6,351.
Q avaxra, OE OEVCI, },wvwfJonvi;CPl XCI/.
E,litva, ro0eVLVO XAWVlIe! aqJLiQwaE- "110we;;
oAQXLVOe;. "Dowe; AQXLVOe;;" 0 KQl)rtxo,. - "LJExrO.
H rr),al ow tOu HQax),11 0 AQXlvo;,
EXl EVarrOOEOEL W tUEQrno avc(0'llJ.a tau, x),alli
A((VLIlLUS 0 0SOS, rrou lowe; tXEI nQox,ig"JS TEX"OUQYljO!'i OE
gona),o, OQXLSEL vo. flLAa. TIo.Qu TOV TOVO "tl)S nQo-
aqJW"'10l1 (tucrriOEtu ituQcmtfl..,"IOUV OE buo C<1!U tous :no
. 1p1Iflt(l!Livous aOAOUS tOU 11Qwa) owxumn aitu-
tOy QilToQo 'Ita va QUJnloF, ta reotOs 0 a.va-
OETllS; Ecpoaov ),OLiTOV avaOi"tllS ELV(IL 0 KQ11T.LXO; AQXLVOS,
rrQotpavw; 1Wt 0fLOrgOitOS tOU 11QOJCL, rOTE TO
aVaOljJ.ta, av XCII "WXO, YIVEtW anobEXTO. 0 Kun4WXO;
aoxEI rrokuvow xat Bgaxu),oy[a. LTO ITlYQalI!Ul unaQXEL
XWQOS 'Ita lEQrnELES (IlLaAOYOS Xat
to;),'1((1. aQEra/,oYLES, Tj8tx08Q'l0XEUTLXEe; IltbaXES Xat Ilta-
ygOcpES -H TEXVf] taU o).lytCTtOU ml)v
rllS wga.
o KaniflUXOS XU"tCt.yETO.L aJlO 'CI)V WWLY,La 111S
bWQLx11S f:h'iQa;.lfl m11v orrou fllAOUV 11IV
KOLV1'I. ta UI"{QC'ql.!.lUTa tau OflW( ill. ouv8i:TfL Xo.1o. /.av6va
mf]v To yLa 10V AQ:t.lvO 'FL au-
VTESEl 01:1] (flOVO TO riv: 00! beVEL w IlWQLXO X9':J-
!-tal, .l:f.L1l11 aXQtBoJc; TO OWQtx11; ,<:lQOEAEUOEWS aVa81111a
auvOW),tyE1Ut I-lE iiWQly.t'IS
iVi. Z KOnIMKHL:
59
01 IIIAI\EKTOI
To Starporwv <llIAirmwv.
TpaylK6 npoawndov
ApXOIOAoYIKO Mouado).
icO ;rarp{OovofJDw;'A(JYeia.zOovoq,
Ot:Y.ar.w Ofrpiyyft r{Ob'arplxoplJVfravq,
;roJ)JiJvgayftowviMiDwv/ldi,;rvzwv'
oil 'lap,Tor'qvxovvrfWIvAI!)IEflXOovi
OavcOv pEOiSflVrpt).rarovrarpovpE(JU;.
vvvl.af(JfIlt'vxtJwv,l.aif!(b'fJJ.iuu Ipao,;
vJraro,;rfxwpa,;ZeVq, 0DVOIO';r'
ia.;rrwv!J1/xtr'Et'; iI/HI.,;pil.q'
aJ.t,;KClgel J:xa/lavDpov avapolOq,
vVv (j' aiJuowrijpfoOl xaiJWlclrvlOq,
"A.ToJJ.ov. rou,; r'aywviou,;OfOV';
Jravra,;;rpooavDw, rov r'ipavrL/laopov
'Eg/liiv.
Aya/li/lVwv,5113 .515.
QAiJYo" WJwrC'''ci/l-0V XWIWW.,
oOi"aro, ZQOvo,ywvci 'iJOw'
noUi,EAnioE,Qciywav, l]Iua,UE oW!;EL
!1[1'ro'A;u!;aJrW, (}a nE(}civw oroAQYo,"cinorE
ovunw,ea rarp,v or'ayanYJldvoXWfla.
KOI rWQa XaiiJfXWQa /lOV. xaf.QE rocpO), rov
%01 OV'Y1jJ,orE ZEV Kwav, AnoUwvflUe'E,
ora,uciranwva/l-a, ,UE ra{liAl]oov.
XOQwaE,vafia,noh,ua,arov:r"aflQJirQo.
TiVE rWQa owrf}Qa,xw ywrQo,,ua" Ano)Jwv.
flgoo%vV(v "w rov,ciUov,(}wv,OAOV,
xw roy nQoarcirrJ,u0U, rov Eg,uf}
MncJ.ljJQ K. X. MUQ1]l;
HrrEQLy.0Jr11 rrQoEQxnm arro TOY rou
x11guxa JWU, ano roy avO.mOTO YUQI.O[.lO,
ITgooy.uvci ro ITatQlY.O XW!lo.. 0 x11gu')(((l; ariEl-JetTT1Y ciljJL-
'IOU Aya[.lEftvOva., ')(at0 rou l..oyo; civm
cu),.oyo va EXEt cJI11QWOTcL o.rro ro Enol; (auTo tOXUfL '(EVl-
y.OTQa u;ayyEAtXEl; 9110l;TIl;'IQaYluola;)
oJoas: 010Y moY

'l..:,in!> q,uu :0\L'IQLX1'1 Ulaoa,2: 11 rpaos
r)E}.[ow.
ici:trm: OflllQIXO (lllfla, anci EKEl XEt IilcxljJogm%11 Ollila-
Ol((.
avaQOIo, OUXYO OTYJY 'OovaoElCl xmTOY HQ060TO, <'ma.;
(TTI1
y
'[hcioa.
ulhE: O!lllQI){O ITLQ(l'I"fI. O1JXYO moy ALOXUf..O, cirras OTOY
LOcpox),]l,YW Dcv aITaVTa IT01: owy
n:Qoaavow: OrlT](\L%O
r'l"cioiJov: IiW(ll%OS rUnol;aYtlTlflWQOV.
TPArnAIA
LTOUe; Barpaxouc; TouAplOTO<j>6.YIl-O Eup'l1liOlle; onun8-
6alls as 0[0110 TO oyKllpo TOU AIOXUAOU Yla vaTO
IOXVOV81 KQl npOTpnSI TOV IJSyOAO 0IJOT8XVO TaU va
OrlAG. KQl !1sv unOPXSI QIJ<j>160Ala OTI npoKslTOl ylO KW-
IlIKe; unsp60Ate;, 01 onoise; 0IlWe; anllXouv ilianpaYIlQTIKOTllTQ, TllV
oouvailla TOU KOlVOU vo nOVTOTS Til yAWO-
8f18VOUOll TWV UtjJllAWV IOSWV TaU AIOXUAOU. "OTI TO np6.Ylla XSI
TOI, TO sm6s6Q1wvSI 0 vll<j>6).,loe; ApIOTOT8Alle;, nou napQTllpel 0111
PT)TOPIKr) TOU on11 yAwooa TaU Eupmioll nsplooon;poTllV
OlllAio npOYIlQTI, OTOV VSOTSPO ana TOUe; Tpete; TpaYI-
KOUe; ouvaVTOIlS OUVToE,Ele;, OUIlf1AOKe; AC,SWV KQI <j>pOOSIe; arlO Tllv
Ka801liAOUIl8Vll Tile; TaU napOAa aUTO KQI 11 YAwooa TaU Eu-
pm[oll, OrlWe; Kal ySVIKoTspa Tile; Tpaywo[ae;, 8iVQI ilia AOYO-
yAwooa, jlE TTjV 8VVOIO on av6.jllc,ll OIOAEKTIKWV
Tunwv KQI n8plXSI YAWOOlKe; arlO TOV "OIlIlPO
60
o UOLKO, 11
OOU TO OPelr-tO dVat npo'(ov TaU 0811VO'lKOU nOAlTlOr-tOU. Ot npOOr-tl-
npOPXOVTOI anaTllV Tll (TO XOPOKTll-
PIOTIKO ivOl TO r-tOKPO Q OVTI TaU aTTlKOU rr n,x. :4BdVGl oVTi
:4Bfjvw) Kat TllV EmnAov, va
unOLjJll r-t10 IOIOppu8r-t10 Tll
OLelKpLOll TaU OLaAOYlKel KOI AUplKO r-tPll,OIOKPlOll
nou r-tLO oLaoponollloll0111 TUnOAO-
YIO Kat Ka810TO TllV KOl
nou dxav OTO r-t10
ana TIlV aVTAouoav Ol TpaYLKol Yla
va Kat
Ana Tllv oMll dvat
a nou '10 OTllvnapouoioOWplKWV
KTLKWV OTOlXiwv 11 npoopor-tlKWV 1l0PWV
OTllv aou TO np06ArIr-ta
TOU va elAUTa. noaa
11 nOLKLAio TWV Tunwv Ilnopd va ana TO OKOAou80
80 - aTO nAoiOLo TOUAO-
XIOTOV TWV AUplKWV - Til VWlKpelTIlOll
TOU r-taKpou Q' Kl OHlv nOlllollTaU AAKr-telVa, TaU nlvi56pou
KOI TaU BOKXUAIOIl TOV Tuna,
nAllv 1l1l0VWIlVWV
r-t 17, a yfjpuc;, rjouc;, r'iJ.1ap,
BVnOKW, KfjOOC;, KAfjpoC;, !J.fjV1C;, J.1I7Xavr7, oKfjrrrpov. EmnAov, 11 nOIKI-
AIO aKor-t1l npLOOOTPO, av All80uv unoLjJIl Kal
01 OTllvnpoq>opoaVelllOaOTllv KatTil vOTPll
q>0011 oLaAKTou (0 dval
nx /ouv, BoAarra/ BOAaooa, apol7v/ apP'lv. ov npnL
'10 olaq>uyouv auo nplOpLOTLKOI nou OlWlOUPYOUv
066aloTIlTa OTa our-tnpoor-tOTO npOI(ITat YlQ TO OTI
TO 1/10 TOU OUVOAlKOU Pyou TWV TPlWV r-tYelAWV
TpaYLKwv, vw 11 unoAOlnll Kal TWV
f,.aouov{))V 0110TXVWV TO <; TOU SQU KQL 40u aI., XL, TO nopav
TOUACtXICJiOV, xaEld, Kat OTL OKOWI Kat aUTO TO AUXLOTO oiYlla
unoKITat Kat ylO
TWV AOYlWV, nou r-t Til OlelOW-
Oll TaU KIIlEVOU TWV TPOYlKWV. fa.,
XaAmcc;,
oO,iJirrou,Kaf qLqJiyya, 1933.
Ixt610
dJi,uov, rilulnxwpa,
LXOV Til xparunayil,brav},a,
rOl'a.pyijraKo),wvOl', EvO'
a)'iyna/i1vVpcral
Oa/ii/;ovaaWihar'alllbwv
x},wpai,um'!paaaw"
rOl' OiVWHOl' i!xovaa xwuov
xaiTilvliparovOwiJ
rpv)J.u.ba IlVpujxapJrovaVljJ.<oll
aVljw/ioliffm:1'fWlI C
I:OljloxiAc;,
-'
XI/iWVWV.
OibiJrov,iHiKOAWVi>, 668679.
St'VE, t'rpraaEe; arovJrlO O/1oQlfJo rOJro
EOW rile; XWQae;
Jrov eLVat IfJIl/1w/tEVIl Yla r'a?oyci rile;,
arov},a,u,-rQo Ko},w"o,oJrov
JrlxQoy?vxa rQayovoaEl r'o4,i1pwVO alloov4
amoaaw/tEvarpaQayyw !l2tyvovwvme;
xatrpw},uil;ovme;awvxwaoWV xQaaaro
xatro /1VOLo;<aOJro aMoe;wvOE01)
JrovQixvEtj3aBlaTil axu)rovXL mro8VE)J,<;
aEV
o I(ogoS 10V OLOi.noOa yLa 'tOY 107[0 a10V
011:OLO 0 1VCjJIeOS ygOVW.C; I(l CjJTaaL a1JVOOE1JOfLVOC; etJlO
yLO 10V Ko),wvo.
r<laaE, Ci, paaaat<;, rave a et1J1; "tLC;
EX01JIlE 10bWQLXO aaVll10U 11. 8aavuflEvall E;rlU1]S 10V
Tl:;w Y,m a1J10V \Jw8lOuv 0':'0 n01J aV(l-
YOYWI alOV qJv,o),oyo TgLr.),lVIO,
o ElVaL 1WV IlETQIY.WV
EVcJl OL 1JitOleOIJWI JlCl(JO.OLOO1JV aVl!Jewv, ygmp11 7[01J uL08E'
lOUv 01, XOO,ES aagaC; 'tl1S ElvmXC1(JetXTIl-
QLow<6 on0 EX0011]S OTl1 OELQCt t\LI'Lac ul08nd10V
OWQLXO 'tUitO,11011 TOV O-UVa.VtDUJ,lE xatOTlIY' ,Otl
El'Ql.TCl011 (437), ;'a;m8avovlIQE:TfL va .. O<Q'-
a'atmi yLVeW:! cpav!'gos0arroqJetOLO'tL-
goleo;nlS llet(Jaoo011S ,01J Xtj.IEY01J.
MNIH/\I. IAKOB
61
'61.ni fll'\' nl1SE1A\?01,
0\-\ oll.etl lIg. hA,,\\('
.,d
,m,-r ONOl'\), -rc\l eeolJ. oolat 16,\01UAl\19.l!'_
'nOlO! elM' WI,. __O r6MMJ.):,Il'ct-AML
(APlltotArioUC,o,HI.H)

o dvOi KOI ylO TOUe; auyxpovoue;
01 onoiolEivOi alia no-
(IKiTOOTOU
flieOVOTOTO an6 TO xop6 TWV 'Opviewv, napocrraan aE
aTTlK6 (yupw crro 414)
TheJ. Paul GettyMuseum),
01 IIIAAEKTOI THl: AOrOTEXNIAl:
ATTIKH KIlMnl11A
H opxoio MllVlKrl KWllwoio TplC; OlOKKpIIlEVe; qJaOle;
OTllv Hle;: Tllv oPxoio,nou XovoplKa qJTaVl we; TO 400n.X., TIlIlE-
OT], nou KOTWTPO OPlO Tile; EXl TO 321 n,X" KOl Til VSO, llTa TO 321 n.X,
Ana OUTSe; 80 Iloe; onooxoMOl Ilovov 11 npwTll, ylOTi 11
qJUOT] Tile; IlEOT]e; OV nLTpSnl TIlV BEBOlWV oUllnp00l-laTWv,
vw 11 VSO, 11 KUPIO Knpoowno Tile; TOV Msvovopo, XPIlOlllonOIi we;
YAWOOlKO IlS00 TIlV OIlAOOrllllO yAWOOO nou Ovi)Kl O IlTOyVS-
OTPIl np[ooo ana nou 1l0e; VOlOqJSpl.
AnaTOV AploToqJavll (445 - 1lT0 TO 388n.X.) EVTKO OKE-
pOle; KWIlWoie;, vw onoaMoue; nOIIlTSe; TOU [OlOU AOYOTXVIKOU looue;
KOl Hle; iOlOe; nploooU, onwc; 0 KpOTIle;, 0 KpQT[voe;, 0<1JPKpaTlle; KOl 0
EunoAle;, nopooiooVTOlllOVO onOanaOIlQTo. ITllv 0npWTOe; KpOTl-
KOe; olOYWVlOIlOe; KWIlWoioe; TO 486 n.X, KOl 11 nopa-
010011 TOU OPXOlOTPOU EPYOU TOU AplOToqJavll, TWV AXap-
vtwv, XPovoAoyiTOl TO 425 n.X. KUplO yvwPlOIlO Tile; opxoioe; KWIlWoioe;
lVOl 0nOAlTlKOe; Tile; KOl 11 KOUOTIKrl OOTlPO YYOVOTWV Tile;
KoSIlIlplVrle; KOlVWVIKrle; KOl nVUIlOTlKrle;
Ana yAWOOIKrl onol/J1l KUPIOpxi 11 OTTlKrl KOSOIlIAOUIlEVIl, 0Xl 0IlWe;
11 yAWOOO TOU xuOIlV OXAOU, onwe; Sonpillv Kovle;, oMaTOU IlS00U
1l0PqJWIlSVOU noAiTIl AKpl6we; 11 yAWOOlKrl Ko80poTllTO OUVTSA-
o, OMWOT, KOl 0111 olaowOT] TWV KWIlWOIWV TOU AplOTOqJOVIl, YlQT[,
nopoTllv oSuPOOTOllio TOUe;, onoTAouOOV npoTuno OTIlKOU AOyOU. BE-
BOLO, TO aOllvo KOSWe; KOl 0plOIlSVe; KeppOOle; rl lOlWIlOTl-
KSe; npotpxoVTOlanaTO AO'iKO OTPWIlQTO, vw nopoi\AllAo no-
pvlpovTOl OTOlXio ana oAi\e; MllvlKte; OloAtKTOUe;, OTOV Il lAOUV 1111
ASllvoiol (nx Myople; rl BOIWTOi OTOUe; AxapvfJe;), rl eppaole; O ono-
olltvo AAllvIKa, OTOV npoqJtpovTOl ono 0 ApIOTOepOVIle; ollWe;
tXl Ill0 nLnAtov oVTi\llolle; YAWOOlKOU UALKOU: Til AOYOTXV1Krl
nopOOOOT] ana TOV 'OIlIlPO KOl Til AUplKrl noilloll we; Tllv Tpoywoio -11 T-
AUTOio 1l0AlOTO yivTol OTOxOe; OUOTIlIlOTlKrle; OIOKWIlWOIlOIle;. HEVTOVIl
oVTlnopa8OIl TOU ul/JIlAou TpOylKOU uqJoue; 11 OVOiKle; YIO Tllv TPOYW-
oio KQTOOTOOle;, nou mvouovTOl 11 Tile; K0811IlplVrle;

llilloupylVTunWOlOKO KWIlIKO onOTAtlloTO ITO XOPIKO, nou OUPPlKVWVOVTOl 0IlIlOVTlKO 010 TAUTO[O tpyo TOU nOlllTrl,
oUVOVTOUIl, onwe; KOl 010 OTOOlIlO Tile; Tpoywoioe;, TO OWplKO a (nx
ABova: 'AG'7vd, oxtw: r7Xtw, OIJ-tpalOlv: r7J.1tpOle;). HnpwToTunll yAWOOlKrl
oU1l60i\rl TOU AplOToepavll, novTWe;, tyKlTOl 0111 YAwooOnAOOTlKrllKOVO-
TIlTO, Il Til 60rl8LQ Tlle; onoioe; ollllloupyi OIlIlOivovTO OVOIlOTO (n.x
LlIKalorroAle;) KOl OAAO ouvSno (n.x. NepAOKoKKuyia, rrAoueuyiw),
nou ouxva OqJelAOUV TO KWIlIKO lOUe; onoTsAOllO OTO nM80e; TWV ouv-
STlKWV TOUe; (nxoeppaydi-ovux-apXO-KOJ.1rJr'7e;: aurae; nou
Tar urrepBoA1KO).
IUllqJwvo 11 Ill0 KpiOT] TOU nAOUTOPXOU (HeLKG, 853), 11 UqJOAOylKrl
nOlKlAio TWV KWIlWOIWV TOU AploTOepavll IvOl TOOO lleyOAIl, ware; va
nopoTIlPlTOl Ill0 OVOVTlOTOlXio OVOW:oo OTIlV 8nLAOYrl TWV KOl
TO rl80e; TWV OPOIlOTlKWV npoawnwv, I'OUTrlV Tllv UepOi\OYlKrl OVOllolOYS-
VlO OUIl60Ml, 8nLnAOV, KOlIl nopwo[o,nouTllllntpxovTqlOAO TO npo-
owno Tile; KWllwoioe; KOl nou npoun08ET1 unOXPWTlKO TOVOU,
oepOU yiVTOl PIlTrl nOponOllnrl 08 oMo looe; AOYOU 118 Tle; OlKSe; TOU
UqJOAOYlKSe; npooloypOepte; (np6A.nxTle; i\rlYOU08e; 08 -lKOe; nou
yiVOVTOl TOU OUPIlOU 010 TWV OIOVOOUlltvwv 8nOXrle;) (4,
62
01 KOMOAIEL
cTTlTuxia Tlp"'TOU OTlorcAouv 01 TOU
ac T. aKirao
r,
1C{i nil' Aaavav tunv aYE(}wxia
ij roi .T{!Uravu:" i.w Tt puaisat viol'.
KIVTjaia; oiJ ()'cr rii lCorCl!' al'Opw;ro; ij ;wviuak;;
_ 1" , ",
XU(!U:; E'/wv, w KlJ(Jaallt, Val rw (J/ w,
CJlOI,OV a-,o !;;rti(Jra; :repi rav {llaJJ.ilyiil',
KLVlJUia; xaJrnTa ()o{!U ()ijO' UltO paJ.I/; ijxEI; lxwv;
K,;{!uS ov rov Lli' oux ,,,WI' ya.
AumlJr(J,zrTj,
To 7CQurII1'Eio ;rov 7CiqJrEL ''I; A8r,va;
Ii 'I Yi:Qouoia; 'Exw va nw iva vio.
KLVTJaia; KL wu now; fiaa4' Eia' av8Qw,TO;, TdoJvw,
Kr,QuS 'HQ8a, },E{3iI'TTj, xQaFTj; Qlt' TIl 2:;raQr 'l
YLQ IUJ IW;'
Kmwfa ; K(j(I.Xn/f: ,ILE. %cL1.iU un' l'7 /)fi.OxU:.J.};;
K'iQus
Kaeo}.ov
Mml<pQ SQ. LWUQOU
HitEQlXOm; nQoEQXE1Cl1 CGtO H1V Eia060 on] oXIl"li rou LnaQ-
na1l1 1<1'jQU1<O, nou, OE AaXWVly.l\ 610).EXW, 6LEXTQaywliEI 't'lV
xa,oo't00l1 'twv ((\"tQWv 0Tll LnoQ't'l, 01 onolal
Uitoq:cQouv, 01 L:T,LlQHonooE, OE auvEvvo11011 ue;
xalT11V aQX1JYo WU, Ti] t\\'mOlQO'ty], anorpooulflV
IilaQxcla EW OWU 01 aVTi:'tO),ce; nOACte; ouva-
OU[Ilj-WVO
o ABy]vaioe; KlVl]Ola, 0 'ty] cyxga'tE0101lj; Muggi-
vlje, fltAO amxo,aUo0 Litagucl'tl1 !J.lUI. 111
wuIilaACXTO, 'to IiOlQlXO. <l>UOlxa 0 auoow-
QciJEl xOlunEQTovLt,El 'tte; lliwL'tEgo'tl']'tce; 'tile; 61a),E-
xwc (,w aM: rw Btw: oi LlLoaxoVe04 floavdv: /lI)1]VWI', AW:
(3ov}.o/JaL, x't),.) ,lava CVlOXUOCI 'tY] OWXW!J.\;lOy]Oll 10U aUo-
y),wooou
roiq ()' avf}{!OJ7tOlq O{!VLV rE{!OV nip1jJal xu.dJw
wq o{!viOwv {Jaru).cuovrwv (}VELVO{!VLaL ro lomol',
"altura Owiq VIJrE(}ov n{!oIJVELpaaOw Jrpmovrwq
roiuL OWiULV uiiv o{!ViOwv oq ill'ti(Jpon!J xaO' fY.l(IJrOI':
ijv 'AC{'{!o()irTj Ovn, :.t{!tOaq O{!VIOL rpaJ.Tjpi& (}Vuv
ijv ()i lloaL(){jjvi uq 0[1' Oun, vrjn!J JtlJ[!oiJq xaOayit;av,
ijv ()''HpaxUEt Oirr! Tt, J.a{!rp valJrovq OUEtV pci.lrovl'raq'
xal' Ali Of.to {Jaut}.<:i X{!tOv, fJaULJ.Vq iur' O{!XiJ.Ot; OPVtt;,
iJ It{!ori{!rp ()ti roiiLltot; avroii aE{!rpov i:vopXTJV urpaytal;uv.
Eu. ijoOTjv aE{!rprp arpa'lWI;OpEWp. Beovr,z1:w viiv 0prya; Zav.
AgLOtOlpUV1']C;, O{!VLOEt;, 561570.
ill. KaL oivO) tVroAr, va ardloviJt ivaI' xlievxa awu; aveeci.mout; (va 1m)
nw; ana toW xw tiJlteot;, iJLa "w {3aa,ltvouv w nov.l.ui, ora nOV},la va OVUla-
I;ouv (newra) xw vauQa (nwL) awut; OtoVt; XaL va ,uoLQauovv onOJt; nQinEL
awl' xaOiva ana OtoV; onoLO lLiro ranou.l.t.ci wu rWQLaI;E. ((1' OVOLal;EL
urTjV AcpQoOi,Tj, )(QLOaQL va OuaLcit;u aw novli Try rpa},arwa XQL av
Ovuuil;tL urov iloaELowva ltQo{3aro, va nQoarpil2El mryv 20,,[0 ULU1!L'
XaL av OUULo.t;tL awl' Hl2axAry Xo.'4 UTO y.l.o.(!O va 8VOLo.I;EL ,llEAOnaTE, "aLav
8uIJLal;EL xeui.{lL UTOV Llia {3auJ..La, {3aatJ.I.6.; tivw w Jrou.l.i rQvnorpQaF'I;
({3aOlJ..rixot;), novaE aUral' ;reinEL y.w (l.TCO WI' iow WI' Llia nw fJ.J'Qoura va
8VIJLo.t;L ivaI' xovvovna {3Q(!(36.ro.
EY. iloJ.v X/I.{ITjua yLa WI' xovvovna nov aqJat;Etw! LIEI' nan u1J!2a va {3Qovra
o iJEywor; Llia;!
LTOU OQVlOEt; (414nX)MolpiAOl, 0OIOOE'taLQOe; Xat 0EUEAnioTje;, IiQanE-
'tEUOUV ((no 'toy y'OOflO, ana 't11 OIy.o!JaVLo. 'tWV .\(hll'aLwv, xat
JTQo'tcivouv ow Jlou)".a 'tIjV iOQuoTj evaEQlae; no).lTlCI((e; ,"lcrpEAoJ(oxXU-
yia),onouBa ElQy]VlXa. 01avBQomolOa anoEliwxmrrf.Qa
ow nouAlo,l!QlOXLOWU GEOU, OL onoiol,Esaniae;'tY]e; nQoocpoQwv,
Go EvlilaQlEQBouv ,lO 10 avBgwmva
oAQL01OCPClVy] "IgO<pEI o'tllvxa8oIILAOU[IEVTj 'tWV "at
U"'11)'wV XalVWVlXWV Luxva yw va 10
tY]e; 'tQaywlii.a xal 'tile; noill0Y]e; 11 'tY]v Elllml!J.o'tY]w tWV XQI]-
OflWV XOl 'twv'P'1qlOfla't(JlV Elil0) xcnacpcuYEI OE 'turroAo,'-
xou; (WiUL eWiaLv: wi; ewu:;), OE Ow),clmxouc ((pall)Q(C:, lWVlXO;
'tVltD, ?'II', 60lQlX6; W:IOe;) Xat OTl; ouVW.XUXE; L6lamgo111'tE ;lOU
AEL 'l avrL nQoo'taxwol;:OVELV, xtA.).
o AglO'tOqJOV1] EXf\EWAAEVUOI 010 Enoxgov T11v CXrrA1]x11xl\ cUXEQELa 111e;
va ),fsHe;. 'bOtou;,,,;<2'1-
(o't. 1169-1175) Yla va itEQLygCt"'El EVLl <paY'lTO 6TjlllOUQYEi Eva
).ESlAoYlXO EX'tgW[lU <mo 27 auvBcuxa, reou 7il ouA),nBE:
-nQoXElWIuo<po),wYla til E),i''1VlXr)yAwooae;:
),ona()01:EpaxoaU.u.xoyal,.co- 7Cauro;IETaJ.ioo - yalwaa.l.axo
X{!UVIOMllpavo()pLpu;roTt!LPllaro- TOvQuomnEQaro - iJualOxOiJ,IlClTa
Uu./fIOJ.LJrU(!W)..Lroxara;(cL'J/l.EVo- iJ?o;rE(}EllJCO - {J.vrI;TJeQorVQo
xtXJ.urLXOu(JU(porparro:rE{JtUTE(}a - rQvyovoxourUrpo - wL"x},oltiruovva
).r;r.rl!llovo,TronrpaJJ..Loxtyxi.oJrE- tpryTouOVUOl1'1u.oo - xOTOxiqJaJ.a
J'<:loJ.u.Y{lloUlQulOfJaqJl/r{!aya- rlYQLOltEQw7:fQo - J..aY0J<ovvEJ,a
vOJrrtpVywv. - qJrEQouyoow-ri.<,
MCTa<pQ. SQ. LWUQOU
MNIH/\ I. IAKOB
63
ray xarOttc
xcc
(UO; i;rayxr)pa
I<ai litirpvavJTa{l ro Jia,.
JTOl'L{3civrq;l'UV ,Torrav
LUTiavOWXt'irf_ /)0,pOIri'
rwprp11xe,. 1fIir!'Ji ravw.v),axa.
MipOL
dJ( ro rQani!;l, XWQlt; va r{"ora.
naguit'av aMnoraXiQw oae; xaL oacpvry
or' auna oae;. TWQa nryya[VEu orryv cor[a xaL xa(),jou.
Lloe;{IOU EO'; TO lpiQffOW TO OXUAl
To nClltvQLxO anomwofLCl OE oLuAnno
OtOv LwrpQova iWl rtEQl,,!QlirpEl ilW rEAEt01JQYLa,
m8avorClta xaSaQI-l0. H Ol[a wS
011:01J Sa EvaS oxu),OC; flc b[xorro ilaxaLQl To
nQoow:ro ;t01J fltAan xcmoLa llaYlOoa. H
10U a),atlOU xm 111C; bUrpvllC; tXOllV on01Qolla6(0
Qa, t11V ELoOOO !01J ato
av8Qwmvo OWila.
<1JAUaKcc; lunoe; TOU rpAUapac;) tva
<jlopaae;, 6nou npwToywvlaTouaov 8oi,
1<0/ TunOL To ,1.0'''
KO aUTo dlio,:, lTOU aTI<; lTO),Cle;
EH60o<;, utjJwaE 0 Piv8wv OE AlTO TO
OUT015EV napa EAoXlaTo anoano-
oyyEJoypo<jlio
noptXEI OEIPO ana <l'lIuOKwv. 'ETC1I, wi
TlapOoToO'li 0 aioe; KpOTWVTOe; aKa'
110 va OTO
TOU, cv<il a li,CUKO),UVCI Tlpoami8E1a
tva ),UXVOpl. 0 ano
TOU Piv8wvo, AWfJ/TPUWV(ATlouIIIKo<;
380370 IT.X., BpnavlKo Mouacio).
MlXQU tUTgarrEAa xlJ!npOtE"!';{lfW1Cl ilJl:OQOUV va dcUJQ'1-
80uv (JuvSnoL vO),OYL<JfLOL 101J Errl,xa.QIlO1J. lJJtWC;:
,UfYClAOaXa{lOJV Xa1';'1] (I] xa"I'r0 Xal'voe; ,U TO tC(?aOnO .
OtOWI)' iXT(!aJCEAoyaaUJJQ Ovoe; (0 LXf)ve; yaooe;, TO yaba-
QOJjJo.go fIG tl] w;/aJ.'7 XOLALa). DVlJflCl1wotUtClTa Elvm
EJtLG11C; ta XUQla OVO!IUW, orrUJS KoJ,a.cpoe; 0 Mnawoe;, 0
Xaorouxoe; (ovofLa XaL OQXOl tOU T,uJtou
Nat,{lo. ral' XQClfl(Jo.V
I
(X!?a{l(JoJ,axo.vo)
01 IIIAAEKTOI THl: 'AorOTEXNIAl:
KATnlTAAlnTIKH KllMtl41A
H Hle; KWflWOlae; napaflV1 61511 All , 11 Tlle;
010 nlollflo npoypaflfla TWV MyOAWV 1'.10vuolWV Y1V fl Ka8uoT-
Pl1011 (486 n.X.) Kat Yla nOAUV KOlpa TllV aUTOOXOla KOl
TIle;. 0 APlO1OTAlle; OTllV nOt!]TlKr, KOVl Myo YlQ
TO epaM1KO Tpayouola nou KTAOuoav u8Ufle; aVTplKe; OUVTpO-
eple;, 01 KWflOl, fl 1OUe; onOlOUe; OUVOTOl nUflOAOY1KO TO oVOfla Tlle;
KWflwoiae;. nwe; OUVTAOTllK one; An1Oflple; Tlle; 11 flno6aoll ana
aUTO TO aUTooxolooflaTa OTllv avamuYflvll apl-
OToepavlKou Tunou oV O St011 va To 6t60l0,
novTWe;, IVat on, O aVTlSwll fl TrjV Tpaywoia, ana Tllv onola ov
Tlle; KTOe; ana Tllv
ala OUO nOlllTwv TOU 60u Kat TOU SOU at.
ana Tll MYOAll EAAooa, TOU EmxoPflou KOl TOU l:weppova, vw tvae;
TpiTOe; 0 PlVSWV, ypOep1 tAapOTpaywola yupw OTa 300nX
H olaepopo Tlle; ana Tllv apxaia
oia Tlle; onwe; KnpoowndTOl ana TOV ApIOTOepOVll, OTO
SflanKo nlnoo, YKITOl OTO yyovoe; on 0 ASllvaioe; KWflIKOe;
aoxoAdwl KauTo Kal nIKatpa Tlle; vw
01 KmwlTaAlWTe; nOlllTe; dT OUV8TOUV napwoie;
Plv8wv) dT nplypoepOUv TunoUe; Tlle;
(l:weppwv) LTO YAWOOIKO KOl TO UepOAOylKO nlnoo, aVTi8na, napa-
64
TrlPOUVTOI
nou EVOExnal va ava-
YOVTat OE KanOlOV KOIVO
npoyovo, KOIOXIOE aAAIl-
Anlopooll TWV Mo KACtOWV
nou ovornuxSIlKav
OE Ola<)JopnlKO YEwypa<)JIKO
XWpo. Eivat aM8Ela, 6E6ata,
on 0 nAaTWV
OE IOlOiTEpO TOV
Kat
TOV 2W<)Jpova,
aAAa aUTO OEV
anOOEIKVUEI KQTa KaVE-
vavTpono onTO Epya TOUe;
yVWOTa ana TIlV
TOU ApIOTO<jJaVIl. HYAwooa
TOUe; dvat Il Tile;
TOUe;, oAAa
mwoll, a<)Jou, onwe; EIVat
yAwooa Tile;

nap6600ll
all), EVW Ol OKIlVEe; ana TIlV npouno-
8bouv Til EKeppaOEWV Kat Tunwv Tile;
Mia TP[TIl Tunwv npoEPxnOl ana OlaAEKTOUe; nou
01 'EAAllvEe;, Ol onoiol OUVEppEOV ana Ola<)JOpEe; nEplOXEe;
OTIl TWV 2upaKouowv.
1.7
"-
-:if:' ., -, .
_ ZlJ
-

KaTa nEpl-
Il
napwoiae; nEplEXEl
ava<jJopce; OTIlV npoyEvcOTEPIl
noill-
Ana TOV TplavTaE<)JTa TiTAOl, ana
TOUe; onoloue; 0IlAWVOUV 8vaoxoAil01l
Tile; napaOOOIle;, onwe; 0 Kat 0 OOUO-
OCoe;, EVW OEV EAEmov Kat aAAllyoplKEe; onwe; 0!\6yoe; KOI Il
Aoyiva Tunol, onwe; 0 napaOlTOe; ri 0 XW-
plaTIle;, TO coa<jJoe; Yla TOUe; xapaKTrlPlOTIKOue; Tu.nOUe;
TWV TOU 2W<jJpova, onou, av ana TOUe; TlTAoue;, yIVO-
Tav Aoyoe; Yla LjJapaoEe; KOl OYPOTEe;, Kal
OTpEe;, KOSWe; Kat OUYYEVlKa npoowna (nx. nESEpa). ME TOV PivSwva
Il napwoiaiPoiVETOI OTI TpEnnOl OE Ka80pa AOYOTExvlKa
onwe; npooioouv Ol T!TAOl 7lyi:vElQ i; tvAuM61,
7IYE:VElQ i; tvTaupolC;, Mi;6ElQ, KTA., TiTAOl nou
TO EupmioElO 2ne; nEplrnwane;aUTce; TO onOTE-
npOKurnEIanaTIlV avolKElO XPriOil uLjJIlAWV KOI wyaAonpmwv
U<)JOAoyIKWV Tponwv (n.x. EVTunwOlaKwv OUVSCTWV Enl8bwv)
OE TanElva AVTISno, TO 6WIJOAOXlKO OTOIXdo <)JO[VE-
Tat va dvatnEpIOpIOIJVO OE OXCOIl WTIlV KWlJwOlo. ?a..
TOU TTaTTUpou
pUYXou tpya TOU
(ap. 2427, OTT. 27). To ono
nopoTiScTal (KaTW) at
ypo'l"'l Kal ac
TIC;
npotpXTOI ciTE OTTO
"H8ac;yolJoc; tlTtano
MoOaol.
J .. I l.r Tr"u;r:.1
].o,",w/locoVOf"X'lJPf LlloO.[ J. x 1/,u,ti[p'Wlol{
].. .... tt:WX'OVfli.,,,,,,
]....
J.'PJc rn'''''il'?l!t''" ,",'<I.' ,;J, ;'\M
.y.
}O"llTnv..;>lOv.\OV':I/Ul>'''-Ooo,'({W
Jf (f.\Ji' ... VolP<i\

],IC o.rrw l!' ::ro, "..i" ;)... v
'!''1)0.(111. ):.t' .. , -ii "ltll'11pOHptl..
] If..'\fywT'lI.(.].rto,-a
j,wc:\rrw """. ]. ... o...n.
). .... "" ... .'il-IIT. . ( J, 6>..,8,0'" KJlt r.i XI./a T"J i1" KO'PAI.'
) I/o._.-ya'rc.x'rtnQK'wp.(:t(a.< "0..
1. .. ;'0. f 'Xi)" "'0"" WICO< C lJcO..
].:".. J. J,... XP? U f,z.. r1Jecovpi"' 1'1 'flit,\-'Yo,.
aM:. ,"GA' ... :1100ro8. ...'.}" JlJ ,a .\<::.0:-4 6tpiJ,w,
J... ..: ... ){'.1."0 ",' .;c .ltp<X
if(liiwvfiival7.'EUOOl'r' liloL,,'LV, anoOavOl"
/J(JiflEL pi:!- 0 rpa(JI'Y;Evi'JoO', riga/hit!' ayVliOOI;,
,!'orpE1,)'0 yOfHpioq, rir(JLYc lJ'0 xuvolJwv,
,Hwiqi!ivwm,x/velfl'oiJara.
Ercixng/.lo;,Bov(Ji(llq, llnoon:.21 (Kaibl'l).
[JewrCi newwOJI TOV i/JAur.c, va rQc(m, eci 'XCiV'C; r1 i;W1! (Jov
f3QovraEL 0 rpa.{}v)'yn.:; ,"Eaa
l
xQora:},LsoVVT(1 aayolllrr,
{30V'I1:0 {3y6i;EI 0yO,ucpioc;, "at TO oxu?cocloJIYo TQIY/WUC;,
ocpvQ[i;ovvto eOl'eOVV/Ci, "01r'avwi WI'"/VOVV1(U.
To a:n:oorraolLU (J;TO 'tOY BOV0112'11O\J tmxciQ-
/.lou :l(J1YQO.fjJEl 'til XCil alnl'pay;cl tOU 1Ig(J-
AQXEtES X(OflWOl S oml_ oQullCIta EXOVV WS
8Ella TaUS 'tIC; ya01QlI,agylxESCIlDOcrHS lOU xaAoy.aya8uu
XOQOX'tT)Q10TlXo. OWglXOL cLvCll 0' 'tv:rOt: .l'Q6T01':
necinov, ar"a:tl %E, 1'Ll': avrov, %vvobwv:"1'1'0001';, riVED'
0/:QLOL, ouma: wra.
MNIH/\I IAKOB
65
o
TOV

0 To KOtVO
nporuno TaU, 606u'\wvtaKO. H
unfpSo'\,Kci 0 (4, 36)
"rf'\ciwno'\u,
orav 6,\tnw on noHoitxouv OtKOU-
va npoocptpfl YI'aura'
TOV nKfOVOTOV naplOTcivouvvanfpl6ptXfl onoia
txouv00 Kat KOVOUV Aoia

'O(JErJOdJr:, <1 d["wwJiwvor:,liJ,OEvfir:,A!rwJiavmi{JaO!J,d{l,
xaiX1IWl' auroumEAExo:;Cl'f'l<c,
xaiOr:, bdJ..l:VOCl'aUro
;.Iai avrouIt{'lIaprcrJ.oc,.ToJ.Vmarpul.o:;
&0xatrovabwiJfra,ha<PUrwvf.xa},Ot:.
TOlrcOV OlvriJ; iyil'frO,
";'T/OCtr:,alTO TWVaprcEJ.wv
(oiYae 7CaJ.awi...")),I/VI:r:,oLvar:,i"dJ.oIIVrar:,aWft'J.ovr:,).
OiVEWr:,h' i'/EnToAlrw},or:,.
7OTo{Jia 1/ rcvw},oyia,
a:toon. 15 (f1<lt fGrJliJil).
oOQcaOiae;, ywe;rovLlwxaAtwva, mT/vAaw,liaava
f3aaD.ELO 01;.10 TOV, XaL I) axv).a rou yc:vT/aE E)'{[
xovwovQo. Aurae; va ro ;mQazwaovl', XI arca
["elVO rpvTQwac YEf.Uiro maq!1)J,w'YI' avraXat <1>vno
ol'oltaaC ro aQCJf:JOlxo rovnUlai. Anauvrol'0Otviac()'(JOf.
ovopano.uivoe;hotanar'ap.frO,La (ywriol71a},alOiO(VEe;"
r'rt.!uiJ.t.a.). Klana rav OlviaeY11ll: 0AlT(uJ,ae;.
oExawLoe; 0 ML),l;Ot.Oe;. JIOU xun)l1]V UJ)VI.Xl; EJIUVaOWOll
(500-494) liwv 'l 1tQWf,UT'1;, lEOOcQCI P,LPJ),La:
11'W},O)'UPv X<Xl 0XEOLO.O xa(JTI] HIe; f'r]e; (hi<; nfQiooov),
cruvoOWO,.LcVO CI:Tli ycUJYQClrp,xa XC/L c8VO/,OYLXC' OXO),lCI
1'0 uqJoe; we; dVlIL a1tl.6XUJQLe; ltOlllTlXa OW),L'
OICl, H 1(0V PJoaZ\)lCtTUJV 1tQolaoEWvcLVatCl1tE(JLO'
00 XQ.L oxO),O\)OL lOU [EVLxa 1tavnJJe;
o lQ(mOe; YQClrpl\e; TO\) cLVat, xUla111V XQLml TOU EQ!WYV1],
xa8u(Joe; XCIt xatOE OQlOIIEVEe; OU


0Xf-
OtKOU-
o nEZOr AOrOr
IfiNIKH nEZOrPACIIA
o Myoe; ana TO nr..supo TOU nOlllTlKOU,
xwp[e; va xaosl noMa ana TOV KaMlTsxv1KO sKd-
VOU, ylmi, ana Til nou anOTor..Il110S va XSlparpnll8d
ana TO Illhpo Kat TO nOlllTlKO uL08TllOS Eva
OUVc:nEe; npoypallila Kat sllnr..oUTlOIlOU TOU
Ka811IlEpav r..oyou. Or..Ol 01 vs6Tspol Ilsr..nllTEe;, Kat omv
avaEpOVTat Kal OTO XPllOlLKoTspo Kat TanSLv6Tspo dooe;
apxaiou r..oyou, Ilu\ouv Yla KaAAm;xvlWEVO r..oyo
(Kunstprosa, artisticprose).
!:J.SV II nopda nou 0Iavu811Ks, av KPIVOUIlS ana
Tllvanomaollnou TOV np(lno TOV <lls-
PSKUOll TOV LUpo Ola IlEOa TOU 60u aL.) we; TOV Hp60oTo
(nsp, 484-430), TOV mo OOKIIlO Tile; IWVIKi)e; EVOlaIlS-
00l 01081101, 0EKa1Oioe; Kat 01 'Iwvse; r..oyOypOrpOl, 01 npoowKpaTlKOI
rpu\OOOOl Kat 0InnoKpoTlle;. To yr..WOOlKO EoarpOe;, uno Tle; VESe; ms-
OTlKEe; avoyKse;, KaMlspydTat Ils 10LaiTsPll EVTaCJ1l Kat ouoTllllaTlKo-
TllTa' II Xpovoypa[a Kat II yswypa[a ysvvouv TllV
10Toploypaia, Kat yLa npwTll opa avamuooovmL II II
laTplKi) Katll npaYIlOTda(TO unollvllIlO).
nOIse; 01 ouvEnsLSe; Tile; nor..unr..suPile; Yla Til
Tile; yr..wooae;, K08we;, IlS nOAl! lloX80.0llllloupys[101Yla npwTll
opo opoAoyia Kat OUMOYIOTlKi); a. TO
nOOOOTO TWV OUmaOTlKWV npOOOSUTlKO IlS 60011
vsonAaOla, aIlPllllEva Kupiwe;, OUOLaOTlKO (TO i:pyaTlKOV: I] E:VE:p-
Yl]TlKOTI]W, TO ayplOV: I] aYP10TI]W. K.O.K.), E:le; 60poe; TWV E:ntKpmE-
OTE:pWV npollyoUIlEvWe; PllllaTlKwV 6. II 010-
AE:KTOe;, dTE: we; anAT') Kat OKpaTOe; ypanat (onwe; OTllV
nspimwCJ1l TOU EKaTalou), c:iTS we; IlSIlLYIlEVll Kat n01KIAll" (onwe;
OTOV HpOOOTO). va npOOAaIl66VE:I OTOIXE:ia KQl ana TllV ATTl-
Kr') OLaASKTO (6AEnE: Tle; KOLVoXPllOTse; aTT1KEe; olovHPOOOTO
KapaooKtw, OWpOOOKtW, tn'auTO</JwP4J, KAn) y. OTO c:ninsoo Tile;
0Kavovae; dVQlII E:iPOlJtVI] II napaTaKTlKi)
OUVOWll TWV IllKPWV (Kupiwv nponaVTOe;) npOTOOSWV, IlS
TOUe; UAll c:navaAall6avo KASlQ10, AMoanaTllv
SiPOIlSVllAU;1l 7WV ITPOOpollwV 'r..oyoyp'yWV we; TOU
nOAUOIQOTmOU HpOOOTOU, TO nOlOTlKO oAlla SAEyxsTal YlyaVTla[o
Ta oTolxsia npooplKoTllTae;, nou OTle; anayysAAollsVSe;
unoxwpouv unEp TWV OUVll8slwv Kal TSXVlKWV Tile; ypa-
mi)e; ouv8Wlle;. EmnAEOV, 0HpOOOTOe; S[VQl nAtovos 8EOll, aVOAO-
ya IlS TOV avXpovoypasi-yswyporpd,avaIlYS[TOl ilianapallu81Ki)
vou6EAa, r') av smxsLPllllmoAoyd010 TOU Myou Kan010U
npoownou, va E:VaAAOOOSl TllV SIPOIlSVll IlS TllV nsplooIK6TsPll
001li) TWV A811va[wv TpaylKwv nOlllTWV KQl TWV PWopWV KQl 001-
OTWV TOU KatpOU TOU Hc:n[nSOll EXSl allnOKAllTaIlsm6All8si
os OTSPSOIlSTplKO Myo fa,
66
tQIIlE).E';
,._----.
Ka!ITE{I! Pf:v PI. rpvow; tij.bta(po{lij;xa! "I.PO{!(pij.
novf:v rtl :4.oi" [xa! rn EV{!r1m"J ovrwqetn.mo{!! lJi: rijq
tiOv/li7]q tlOV tivOIlWJrWV xai tijqavav(jIll'i1Jq, ou ti,TOM-
pWTf(JoilOL TlOV EIJllwJraiw,'01:4.0t7]vo!xai
ra !fOm, alw{!at aLUa! paltora, ou pE:'/ala. ra.pEra-
POM.,Tott:Vj1l'a,oiiubriEO OE(JPOv OVEC. .Ti EO !/JVX[JOv,
ti;J.a xa{!aJr).Jima, ou yilt? yivovrat ixrr17isu;rijr; yvw-
P1J;omc.pc.taoramqhTlV(}q rovowparo;,arp'orwvlxo;
TTIV o{!)'qv ay(!wiioOaircJ<ai TOV ayvwpovo;:<ai OvpoJ.-
pc.riztlVpiiJJ.ov f:v aiJrfjJ au!Eovra aiya(}
pc.tapoJ..aldotTWV mlvrwvalL"Tt:yc.i{Jovoat riTv yvwp1JV
rlOl' tivO!)(imwv xai oux EwoaL bta ravrar;
ipo! fJoXE' ra; Jr(!orpaotar; avalxE; crvw TO 1'&0; EO
:4.017]V(lv xaiJr(}oof:n bur rou;vapovr;' rij;yap'Aob/;Ta
Jro.;lpao,).tiJc.raL
I:tnoxQot1];,Uf(Jitii#wv, iJliarwv, rlJJfWV, XHp. 16.
Avra yw u<; OWrpOQE<; nov nC4!ovma!;ouv OL J.aoi r7]r;
Aaio<; w<; nQo<; r7]v wwavY!lQaaia !lW r7) /loQrpJ/. 'Gao yta
TO OU Ol av8Qwnol dvw X! arjJvxol Xat avavOQ04 7]
xVQtOUQ7] wria nov Ot Aawu<; riVat nw an02/lot ano
TOV<; EVQwnaiovr; Xat mo /laAw,oiarovxaQa"rJ/Qa dvat
ro "A(ua, novOl'naQovaLa!;LIlyaJ.E<; Otaxvwivaw;ovu
nQ0<; r7] !;Ean) ovunQo<; ro xQVO aUaixnIlia oraOEQO-
r7]w. 'Erm 7] '/JUXJ/ OEV OO%IJ1a!;n rou<; !;W7)QOV<; Exdvov<;
,,20vw/lov<;OVrE roO(lJJ1a u<;{3iatE<; E"dvE<;fl.rafJoU<;nou
ivat ({IvaL:<O va Xcl.VOVV roy xaeaxnjr;JO mo ariOa00,
lfJ.ovr!!;ovra<;rov/lE nEQWOOU(7) anoxouclxatOaQQo<; OE
avyxQw7] IL Evav avOQwno nov !;EL "arw curo w; iol.l5<;
navrouovv07}x<;. nar!dvat0'aUayi<;noviUelOOOUQO
curo o,H07/nOU aUoOtYElQouv r7]" 1/JvXJ/ rou av8Qwnov
"atOEl' rovarpJil'ouvvaT/01Jxclon. Auroi/lOU '!!UIVEratnw<;
dvaL OL J.OYOL nov OL J.aoiEI)<; Aoia<; Eivat anoJ.ElwL, ,uta
OEVUQr; 0l'w<; atria dvat%at I) lf02mxJ/ "araowar; nov
m"Qardxd!IQaYl'au,OtnQwaouQot01,0 TOU<; J.aov<;
r7)<; Aaia<;/3Qloxovrati/arwa"or7]v (JaolJ.taowv.
MEtCtrpQ. 1:1.
H 1IQaywnEla !IEQ! aEQwv, 1506.rwv, rOlfwv, 11011 GECUQElTCll
E[!YO to]' 6CflCl iXcl t11v EltiOQaOl] 1I0l'
c;,;adw lTroy uv8Q<ono. To QYo U1'TO.
xo8w; xm TO nEQ! iQi)c vovoou,
1;OVWL rnatoy A.Lesky akrlGLva OWIlCtvnU
).o'(Otxv[o:<;. EvwvwL; X(lI. EOet) tWV 1IQota-
aEWV JtQooloEt XU1IOLOV avaorpuAWl..
TO ncpi
iip8pwv nau OTO mnaKpoTIK6 corpus.
H (90e; 01.) dvot oVTiYPo<j>o an6 TO
TaU AnaU<ilvlou one TO Kino
(TaU 1 01. n.X.) (<l>IIWPCVTio,
Azir(iiJrOIWO'V Ea oixia TE xaipeya),a.
'E,Tei ()f ramaEsc.ri).c.oav;ravTa

xaiOE(Ja;rovra;
xaiOE(Ja;raiva;
i/a!rdJ..).Il ooa bLTavra,
breibE;ravraaOtpayiyvrrat,
roY yal'Ol'rrOllVOLV.
KaJm(jT, rp!T7] r,pp-q yiyvrraL r0yawp,
Timliic;JTQtc.Ltpii(Jo;
PEraTExaixaAov
i/aif:v ain:(iJ ;rolxiJJnrijv
xai'{Jy1JVOV
xaiHi'{JY1JVoiJ bwpara...
tPE/lEXV011" U-ltOlJlt,7112 ( x/), Dieb- Kranz),
KatIwJ.aurovrpuaXvovv/lYclJ.o xat rQavo. KL oravra
avra oJ,a, xat XQla!;oV/lva Xat oov},.ov<; "at
1IaQaoov2evrQE<; xw r' aHa oaa nQEnl oJ.a, oral', AOl-
nov. oAa J/Wv iro/.fJa, xavovv ro ya/lo. DEQunav OVO
PEQE<; =0TO ya.Lto, i/W rou0 la<;lpuaxvtivaulpavro,
WyciJ..o Xl O/loQlpO. xatmxvw 0'auronAou/li!;l rTJ F7] xw
rov Q"wvoxwrovQi/EaVOV w naXarlO.
To lTagan8EIlEvo XWQlo (to 1IQww 111:;0
'
) 1IQo-
EQXEW.L (flTO wa UCpliY'lOlj WU <lJEQfXUO'] tOU
11011 (fxllu1;EL YUQw oro 5501I.X.To AEStAOyLO ELvm
Y.OLvOmw. X(J.L to lTQor).EvOEu); ({IiiQoc;
(1:0) OEV At:LtOUQ'(EL EOW w<; To uqJO;
a1l0 T1I1I0nOL'lfl8>E; Ey.rpQa-
ow; fLrpOOll<; (piya rE "ai xaJ.ov),
alTO tEtQC1f.lE).Ei; n; I X(lI. rraQaoooLaxi;
X(lI. wro anovwTE;

ELvm
X(J.L aOf;lorrrm
OHI fll; \)110-
wxnxl\; OUVOEOll;.
.

I. N. KAZAZHI
67
Mapru(}wbi; rourOlI'
rplJJUJ.w Euniuavro rrovJroJopiOlv,
,jiO;PEv lI;,aJ.paw,
iavrrovOE
OUi< ii.;UI(!OiOUTE EPIfiVrovii(!EO;,
OUTE VOIlipOlvEpOnOlV
OVTE Evo;rJJov{!llbo,
oUTc r{JlJ.oxaXov El(!Jjvq,.
ucpvoiPEv Jrpo,rov,Owv;r0oLxairp,
OUWL Oi: Jtpo,rov,lOxia,Tf} Oc(!aJrci,a,
oixawi/)i JtQo,rov,amov,T0 !ucp,
roucfJEi,bi7T:(!O, rov,rpiJ,ov,Tfj RimEL
TOiYI!.(!OVv aUTrovaRoOavovrOlv
6ROOO,ou (JVm;riOavcv,
lii,i.'aOavaro,
tv oux aOavaToL,urn/taUi
I;fj ov1;0)vrOlv.
fOQ'Y1o<;, oJtooJt.82 B6 (f,'.O. D,-K.).
A;roo,tSI)rovrwvTa rQonou:z }WV Earl)aav/lc J,elq;vQa rwv
EXOgwv - ywrov Llia, xOa,Ul7.lIO yw rov wuro rov<;,
avroi7T:OU OEII rov<; ryaav sEVE<; OUT( I) i,lIrpvrl)IWXI)H"Orl)-
ro, ouuOL OE,unoiEgOlrE<;. ouuI) igLoanovI;wvErm r' ag-
,1Iaw, ouu I) El(!ryv11 JlOU ayaJla ro "aUo<;. ME oi::wo
uifJw; ywrov;Ow,;<;,/lE 0),1) uEfJau,uo q;govriba ywTOU<;
yOI'd" /lE oixCIlJ) w'onlTaywrov<; OV/lJlo}Juc. 'IE aq;oaiw-
01) yr,,,o.nl E/lmoroauv11 yw rov<; rpLJov<; rOlv. Ti.a roUTO a
(Javaro( ruv<; OEV (Ja.l/o.rwOE rovnoOo pa<; yt'avrou<;, rov
;roOoJlOV,aOell/aro,,iliaaora,WI aOavawxog/ua,Sf( 'iCll
rOJQo novEJlCi1j!av va.l;ovvExdvOL
2:10 n((QrmG.vU) XlOQlO (;wQml8cWL (Jt xw-
),0) ono rov 'Emrarl-W -rou fOQYLa CLvm
flOVOV axofl1l orro 10 rrOL1lrLXO ieES,I.O,/1O X((L
"1V r:'l'/Qar'r,aw.6t11W, rragG.lO),-
!.lOl VEOAO,/l(JPOL, vEoxorrc<; EXiflQuOEL<; xm 11 rtiSooo<; "1<;
(J\)00lIJQEU011<;: oiea cnmi xm lljC
)(((TG.XQ11011; lWV f.l10XO)V xm E.' 1-
SErlOV) lil; avG.YXE<; Ofj)1']Q1l"[VljC OwrlmlO-
011<; XCII TIl' (\ ,) ).("(1 0'117'1: r
H 'IC lOU OUOlqpOU
(yupw 010 470-50 rr.X.). H Bra 010 Kal KO[-
nEoovrwv
Or (Aelivo, Mouodo
o nEZOl: Aoror
ATTIKH nEZOrPACI>IA
M8TO TOUe; MIl01KOUe; nOAeIlOUe; Il 0PXllYlO TaU SAAIlVIKOU KaOIlOU
nspltpX8Tat OTIl 'Onwe; Il naAIl tTDl Kat Il OIOAS-
KTae; Tile; OSV KOTOTPUX8Tat ana nAtYilOTO oMa OVTl8t-
TWe; OtX8Tat KOI OOJJOIWVSI OTOIxsio Kat SKPOOTIKOUe; TpanOUe;
ana OAOKAIlPO TO aollo TWV Aomwv OlQAeKTWV. LTo KAslvav aOTu
OAAWOTS txouv oUPPSUOSI nvsulloTO ana TO ntpOTo TaU
nou OUIl6aMouv OTIl OIOllaPWOIl TOU OTTlKOU
Aayou as apyovo WIOTIlIlOVIKOU, nOAITlKOU Kat 8SWPIlTl-
KOU np06AllIlOTIOIlOU.
LUIl60TlKO oioKpivOUIlS mllv Tile; TpSle;
aOSle; Til VnpwIll1l (nplv ana Tllv ovtYSPOIl TaU nop8svwvo), Tllv KU-
piwe; anou KUplOPXOUV 0 nMTWV KOl 0 looKpaTIle;, KOl Tllv
TaU ::SVOWVTO. LTO npwTO moolo TaU 0 tVTSXVOe; OTT 1-
Kae; Aayoe; TIlV Tile;
Tile; LTIlV SV[OXUOll Tile; OIlPlllltVIle;
OlOTUnWOIle; OUJJ6aAAOUV onOOOlOTlKa 01 TOAllllpo[ VSOAOYIOIlOI KOI
TO OUOIomlKonOllllltvo ouot-
TSpO Il8TOXWV KOI sm8tTWV.
isvapXIle; Tile; tVTSXVIle;
8swpdTOl a iopyioe; 0
ASOVTivoe;, nou WlOKt8IlKS
we; Tile; nOTplOOe;
TaU TIlV TO 427, Kat
TOUe; A8IlvOlOUe; IlS
Til TaU OSIVOTIlTO, 0
AOyoe; TaU iopy[o, KOTOKSp-
1l0TlOlltvoe; as IlIKPO KOl KO-
Ta, lao naploo
TOUe; KOi OVTI8sTlKO KWAO,
oyona Tie; OnoTollSe; 8qJOTl-
Kte; 1l8T06aosle;, KOi tPSI ,-
aV8TO TO 60pu opTio TWV
nAOUOIWV nOPIlXIlTlKWV OXIl-
IJOTWV, nou snOVOllaOTIlKOV
YOPY1SlO (Til VnaVU
Kat untpoyKov KOTO
TOV LlIOVUOIO AA1KOPVOOoto).
o Myoe;, OUXVO OUTOOXSOIO-
mIKOe;, IlS W[OOOIl OTO KOIVO-
OvtOTSPO OIQVOIlTlKa nOL-
YVIO (<<TO KOlVO AtySIV"),
onwe; OTO 'EAVI7<; 'EyKWIlIOV,
KIVdTOI OTO OPIO TOU nopo06-
onwe; OTOV
nupooue; KpOTlmOUe; Kat
TOXlmoue; oyytAoue;", TOUe;
yunse; tlJl\!UXoue; TOepOUe;",
Kat TOV Llio TWV
KOAsl TOUe;
68
nSpOWV, Elnov allanOTOAIlOS TO Sm6AIlllKO U<jJoe; TOU as unoStOSLe;
OmlIJOVTSe;, Kl aIJwe;, IJS TIlV TOU OTO onOVWTO OUVWVUIJO KOl
OVTlSE:10 TWV KOl OTLe; OAAE:nOAAIlASe; OLOlptOSle;, un0010lptOSLe;
KOl TWV SVV01WV, 0 10PYloe; KOTO<jJtPVSL KOl anLvSllp06o-
AO SUPIlIlOllKOe; VO c:[VOl KOl VO npowSc:[, aLa Tile;
TO StllOTO IJS TO onolo KOTOmOVE:1Ol,
LTOSIJO O1IlV npwLlJ1l <jJ001l Tile; onOTSAc:[ Il
A81]vaiwv nOluTSia, tpyo OVWVUIlOU OALYOPXLKOU
II0Tl, nopa TIlV tKollAIl OPxaiKOTIlTO Tile;, 0IlIJSLWVSI npoooo
npoe; TIlV KOTSUSUVOIlTOOO Tile; nSpLSKllKOTSPIle; OUYKPO-
TIlOIle; TOU Myou,000 KOl1lle; SVSLilllllloTLKnc: OIKOOOllllmle; TOU, H ULjJL-
KOt TOU 10PYlO npoaysLWVE:1Ol
'EXSL unooE:LXTsi (nopoTO SAOX1010 OlOStOLIJO, OIlSOO KOl tllllsoO,
OTOLXc:[O) all0GpoOUIJOXOe;, anaTil XOAKIlOOVO TOU Boono-
pou, SYKOLV[OOS IJlOV oVTlnoAIl npoe; Til YOPY[SLO oxoM npwLIJIle; 011L-
OUVt60AS OTIlV SUpuSIJOU ouvsxoue;
Myou, IlS IJov600 OXL TO 6poXto KWAO, onwe; we;
TOTS, oMo Tllv IJOKpO KOL SOW1E:pLKO ISPOPXlllltvll nsp[ooo, TIlV
KOpWVlOO TOU 011LKOU E:nLTSUYIJOTOe;, Il nsplOOOe; OUOTpt-
<jJouoo T6 KO) O1POYYUAWe; tK<jJtpouoo) OSV c:[VOl onAo
OUVTOKllKO S[VOl tvonMpse; AOYLKO SVSuIJIlIJO, nou smnAt-
ov np060MsL OlOSllllKte;,
o TOlxoypa<jlia ano 'E<jlQO (10C; 01, n,X,), 0 lw-
OEV i:ypaljlE BIBMa, Kara TaU
aTO nAarwvlKo IupTToalO (215 doe) a <jlu-
avwTEpoC; KOI aTTo TOV
n(!wrovIIEv oiNTOmo E(!W
onbixaiwr;avr6lh <boxoDowoiJrOV'l(!oi>
xaioiJriw]ur;
xai bij lIor; ,TJiovCtEiV rwvyEVVaiwv
xairwv JrJ,ovaiwv
b,arobE,
onbiifJOr;EanvOavvwvrar;vaDr;
xairip buvafJlV JrE(!inOEir; rii JroIEI,
xai oixvjJEgvfirw
xaioixEh:varai
xai01 JrEVT'lxOVra(!xoi
xai ot :J!(JfjJgarat
xai al vaWT1JYOt,
-obroiciaivoi buvalliV JrE(!!nOivur; rfj Jro),EI
Jro),v fJiiJJ.Ol' 01 oJrJIrw
y.ai Ot yc'l'vaiOt
xai oixg'laroi.
oiNraura oiirwr;CtEl,
bOXEIbixaiovElvw JraUlv rw)' IJ.pxwv fJEUIVW
tvfE riii vVvxJ.1gQJ,
xaiE-V rffXE/gorovi[1,
xaiJ.iyEll'i'i;IVW r0jJOV},OIlEvQJ nov,TOJ.ITWV,
'1'uoo-?:tvC)'piJV,:10,/vaiOlvnohTEia, 1.2.
To J!Qwro },omov .1rou Oa J!W Eivw au J"wwloY'Ii','Va JrI-
anvTw EOW (aT'll' AOliva) au 01 J!oUot, 01 "i"IITEr; ;WI 0
laor; Eivw J!QovO!,WVXOI aE oxim/ ,liE rour; EUyEI'cr; x,,< rour;
JrlouaioVi;, yta rov ),01'0 au0 lao; u'vw J!ou ",vEi TO aIo},o
XQL (j{VEl mo r17 c5vvuprj IUU/ %(It Ot OL
xcJ.Euad;, 0' vJroxdwadr;, 01 a"oJroi 11/( --dwe'ls xw o!
;r1.olWJI, -avIolcLvC!.L J[()V ()fvovv (fTO
T1) ,1,Jvrc/.l1) rou, Of; :ro}, Vi'fYC<Jc1:TE()Q (3aD,uo wro a, II '" o,,).i-
rs;., Ot Hat Ot 61'8QWiWl rwv aV())TF(}(Jj 1/
EJ!Elolj, uUTli civw '/ ,TQay/ww,OTllW. [)lxawloyr/-
piVClJrlOUVICU orl JrQI:.TU DA.fJl va ,un:lxovvOTG
ire /if Till! wxvouaa Hyoe; ro ;wQov x),'lew!Jl7 Fin I" Xl{!O-
rovic<, "C({ AU J,xc,[w/w ;,uYOlJ ,TQhEI va il.l'l ,,6.(-),,UaOr;T1Ir;
JrO)"lsJrou TO EmDIJ,l1L
A(1XC<lxonIW J[(100Loouv 0 11M x(oi.wv xat 0
iW(1C<wxuxo, 'touS. xaOu), xm '1 (!L'i,i,o,'IOTW1
xuX),W011 [lE "1 ),.1;'1 XI.ELOL oiy,C(LOY ErrLilAEOY: 1"'1 [lW
qJO(1a TrGU TraEt va aJTox'''jUEL 11 00(1'1011 Ill' 13(1o.xEa
xWAa nn(1Ey8ElJ'11 UALXOU), 10
OEV EUOOWvF'lCIL il),r'l(1we, Hf'<ioov Tr(1oxumEL 11 OTCl-
voJ'I'V'1 nil 'P(1a011'; 0 Tllv o,'lvaILlV TrEQITIOEi; TJi IlO),CL, Y,m
'1 ouvtr(xux11a1w),ouOla OLClW(1c100nm, KL OW"" 10 iet'sL-
an1v aX(1aLa ),L'0ulTa XUL OLXOVOIIlo. TOU, )t(10xaTO
l:llV EVO, (11'ITOQa ()QV 10'1 '\u0;.a , E'IW Ol
0U\'TaXUXOl ;r:WjUrtuHClfLoi rr(10UOl!Ll1t:OUV 10 OQOllO '(La
EVav L0WQLO'(Q(('1'O oay lOV 80u"uoi.o11.
I. N, KAZAZHI
69
H QTa XPovla TOU
LJlXl!etOU xai [Ja{!uuanOOr; yiyl'uvra, JCator; ouo, 1f[!-
uPUr:[!Or; ptv vuimgor; bi Ku[!or;' bui oi
LJa(!ior; xai umJIT1J uhuri[v Toii piou, ipov-
Jao Tro trato apcpuri{}w JCa[!tvw. 0 pi:v oiJv
trapOJviTiryxal' . Kiipol' OiPTmiiL'Tf:TO MO riir; a{!',(Tjr; fr;
aUr:ol' rJaTpaJC1jv brOi1]UE xai rrrpaT1JYOv be aUr:Ov aJribEL-
gE 1C!ivrwv auOL cir; KarrrwJ,.uii trEoiov
::Ol:Voqatlv,KV[!(JlJ 'Avapau'r; 1,1 (nQooL,uLO).
oLJaQc!or; xat 1] flUQvaanr; wri"T1jaav ovo 1fau'5ul, rov
AQw;eQ;1]. nov IIrav i.LEyaJ.vuQor;. "w rov KVQo, nov
>irav ,utxQouQor;. EnEor, LlUQc!or; >irav aQQwcnor; "w
ou:uaOavorav ro Tdor; T1]r; I;w>ir; TOV, r,GdE va eXEl xovTci
TaV X(ll ra ova nwoul. 0 !,EyaJ'lrrEQOr; ywr;, ,lOLITOV,
fJQwxowv IWTci aVlmTWa1] Exd' hat iawAE va rpwva;ovv
rov KVQo ana T1J OLOf.%1jT"'r, nEQlcpeQEw onov rov dXE
ronoecrr,aEl aaTQrin7] XCll rov dx oLOQiaEL cnQrH1jyo oJ.wv
TWV aTQanwTwv nov eXovl' wr; Tono avy"evrQwa>ir; rour;
rT/v JrEouioa rov Kaarw}..ov.
o AOyOC; tOU 2: voqJwvw IVUl AltO;, :WL atEQ U
COfllW va<: fl OVVCEO!J.OlJ<;. OtOLXELa, orrwc; '1
EnavaATJ'I'TJ tTJC; aurov tTJv
KOLvTJ. Ol LOTOQl:<.oi EV OtW1EC; llQoocicolJV
EV'tUOTJ X(ll EnL01lllonllU otO uqJOC;. 0 lOTOQLXO<; CEV !J.VT]-
toOVOflU OUtE CiVEL!J.la itEQLATJ1jITJ tOU Or!lUtOC;
nounQOy.ELtULva
lIgoborau 'AhxapV1Jaaeor; irrrogi1], il&" wr;
!'r,TE Ta YC:V0fW'a i; avO{!wJrwv 1'(0 7.pOWP
Ta" p>iTE {pya J.'EyriJ.a TE "ai Owparrra, Ta PEv CUT/Uf, Ta
/j pappapofUl atrooqfJiwa, ax).di yiv1]1'w., ra 1'E iiV.a
"ai 0" TIl' ahi1]v iJroJ.ip1]uav aUq).oLUl.
HlujC010" 'Turogia, 1,1 (nQooi'lLO).
oHQooorOl; ano (T/V AAlxaQvaauo ExBETEl Ow rlr; EQW-
lIE, rov, yl!l. va ,ll1]v ;EOwi!uial fl TIl. XQ';'II/Q 0, u eylvE ana
raur; av8QwJrovr;, wiT[ iQ)'a J.lyc,).a i<(ll BaVILacnrJ., J/{Iay-
ciVawro TOVr; 'DJ.l/VEr; XCII a)),a ClJ[() roUt;
P(((I{JUo0U(, va a{J'iaoUl' aoo!:a' lowiu!}a y/vrrw ;'0'10;
yw r1jv wria nov avra/ Jro),ti!'1]Oll.l',lIEtIl.!;v rout;.
Mnu'PQ.t.. N. MaQwvlrTJ<;
LtO nQooi!J.lO C1]),WVE'tUl. TJ tUuton]T<l to\I
OlJYYQQqJEa, xwli6E'tat lIlS moXO; "1C; LmoQLOYQ<lrp(ac; TJ
cu:.t.tlj\?1]0TJ Y YOVOtWV 010V101 "VWOlD
XOOflO,:<.WOXL ILOVO 0tTJv HAUC,wOwsxat1]
tWV attLWV itO\l OC11YTJ0<lV mTJv oUY:<'QouGTj
En'ivwvxat TolH:pQ<; lo\lllgocorouXOQOY.1TJ-
Qi::nUl. allo tOV; uQxalouc l XVOXQLtLXOUC; OJ<;
(Il.vti6no:xut!:mQa!lfl vTJ -TO UqJOC; t<)v
80uX\lCLC1]): 0AO"lOC; QEa TJ OUVC OT] ELV(lL xa),a-
OL avnOioElC; (c'iTJA<lCli atOVtlmoLxi.fc; xatOL LooQQorri c;
tWV anOqJEuyoVTOL. Kcnuxuvovu 0 AOYO<; to\I
ElVW !LUXQorrEQLoCOC;, EVLOt wmoooovnAUEWL OE !UXQEC;
llQOtaOEL<; OXEOOV 0 LOtOQLXO; JtQOllflU t1]v
anatTJV \lllOtUSTJ
70
o nEzor Aoror
APrlnnAIOI
EPYGPA GMAILA
Tl<; TO TAIl TOU 60u at. 0 VTXVO<; AOYO<; O1IlV EMooo
H ovomuooTOI YIO va KOAUljJ1
K<; KOI npoKTIK<; OVOYKe;, mi TIlV IOTOplOypoio.
B6010, TO no<; OUVTIlPOUO Til oMo 11
K01Il TOU ixov ouxvo -nOAAQ
ljJUOOVT0100li50i!
H TIl<; 10ToplOypOep[0e; O<pIA1 nOAAa OTIlV
TOU 8QAOOOlOU KOI O1IlV iopUOIl TWV onOIK1WV. 01 npWTOI
IOTOPIKOl, nou AOyOypO<pOI,
TWe; TOU TClnou TIl<; TOUe; TIlV OIOAEKTO,
QTTIKOU<; TUnou<;. !::,V XI onOOQ<PIlV108Ei QV 11 OVO-
O<plAT01 O 011<; nptnTI<; TIl<;
nopaoOOlle; TWV KIJ.lVWV.
LTOV Hp60oTo (490;-425;) ana Tllv AA1KOpvoooo YIQ
npwTIl epopo 11 1010PIO 0111 puvo Ylo YYOVOTO Qno
oUTOljJio ana KOTO TO OUVOTOV nIlY<; 0 Hpo-
OOTO<; YPO1 0111 VO OIQAEKTO, OAAO ana nOlllTlKO
O1QIXio, 10(W<; 0 OU'iKOe; QpI8J.l6<;, TO <PAKUOTlKO v KOI TO
KlvrrrO C; (OTa axpl; ;JEXP1, KTA.) 01 OUono-
<PUYOVTUL H OVOll KQI 11 yAUKUTIlTO TIl<; YAWOOO<; K081pWVOUV TOV
nOTpo Tile; 1010plOe; we; TOV NOTOpa (TOU Ka! ana yMJool7e; I-IE:JIlTOC;
y}..uKlwv piv auor'} I) TIl<;
o K01 AOYO<;, QAAO Kat 11 nAIl8wpo
VVOIWV, npiTXVWV nplepp60wv :<a1 TOAJ.lIlPOTOTWV
K01 olovoioe; npoooioouv OTO u<poe; TOU GOUKUO[OIl
(np(nou 460-400; n.X.) Tllv Q[081l01l TIl<; 0
1010PIKO<; KOTO KOPOV O1OlXlO TTl<; nOAOloTPIl<;
018iooe;: KOl ee; QVTi ouv KOI Ie;, OUyKPlTlKO OE -we;
mi8To O1IlV (01-l0[0C;, epT11-10e;),
KTA. H TOO11 TOU npo<; TOV O<\JlATUl KQI OTO yyovo<;
OTlIl J.lOKPOXPovll TOU (424-404) ov TOU EnTpljJ va nopoKo-
TTlv TIl<; yAWOOQ<;, oM6. KOl OTllv TOU va
TO YAWOOIKO TOU oPyavo O KCIT101a ano01aOll ana HIV
yAwooa. anaVTOUV o OUV-
81lKWV Kal O nou KWVOUV nOAlTlKOl

a=VO<)JWV (np[nou 430-355;) 8WPlTQl we; Il
Yla Til KQl TIlV anAOTllTa TOU U<)JOue; TOU. 001000, 11 npm-
TIWOIle; TOU, nou ix we; OUvsnlQ aVoe; TllV anouoia TOU Yla
OI0011Wa ana TIlV KQI aTZpou Til
TOU ,:::,wpldc; aoaAWe; wllPsao TllV Ka8apoTllTa TOU AE;IAoYlou
TOU. 'ETOl ana opOue; Tile; O1pa-
lpapXiae; Kal Tile; 01 IWVlOflO[ OlAO-
VTQI oTa nOlllTlKO TOU KQI O1llv
TOU Hlv
"/
El ;-1 '{
h.
o=VO<jlWV. oVTiypO<jlO TOU 40u or.
npiJl>o).
f)ovxvi5ii5q, 'AOqvaLo, !gl!vEyt!al/J rol' ;r6).,flOl' rwv
lll-OJrowquiwv xai 'AOrrvaiwv, 0, i;roU.flTJUav ,Yt!O,
allljl-ov" li(Jsaf/VO, wOv; uaOwraflivov "ai l:iwTiua,
fliyal' rE [(JwOal xai O:!gw).oyOrarov rwv Jrf}OYYl'1/pi-
l'WV, uXflal.gOflvo, on o:xflo:l;ovri, r "(Jav i, aUrav
O:flPor(JOl ;rat!a(Jxvif rif ;rO:arJ xai ro /illo 'RUTJ 'IXOV
ogrov 5vv1.ura)/EVOV ;rgor; ixarigour;, '1'0 /It'-v CVOVr;, ro tJt
xai i5WVOOVf/VOV,
2vyygarpiJ 1,1(1IQOOIJ.lw),
60v"vOOI), 6:AOl)vaior; Eyem/1V rqv iow(!iav wii Jr:oU-
flOV flnaE,v rwl' ([?oJr:ol'l'l)aiw" xai rwv:Ael)l'aiwl'. Tijv
CTVYYQUrpijv auwii qex/aEv E150Vr; it:, aQxii, rii, hlliet:,EWr;
rou, own 7rQOELOEV on e' cmi{3wl'f flEyaAor; xai 7rEQW'
aoreeov clE,WflVl)flOl'Evror; MO Xo.Oc Jr:QOI)YOVflEVOV
7rOAWOIf, xai [au,uneavE rovw MO TO ycyovoC; onaprpo-
TEQa niy.Qarl) y.aT1iexOVTO cit; aurov, [VW /Jl]ia"OvTO dr;
rijvclY.,llqv rijr; navrar; lOOUr; OTQarWmy.ij, avva,IlEWr; lOW,
xai OTt ,'{J},mE TOVr; Aourovr; "),,)'I)VW; ELrE WaOO,IlE:vOVr;
aflEaWr; EhE OlQVOOUfIvOU, WUAo.XWrul' va WXOO/Jl' .7']0;
ro [V ij TO aUo ItiQOr;.
'BOll OTO 2uYYeaQJ/)r; aJtavtouv w Bamxa
XUQUXnjgL<lW,a tOu U(pOUr; tOU LOtOQl1<OU:
ouvwrguPllfyU'. J1:0),,),.Er; (Jt1JXvoflCroXIU) 11E
Olacpogmx11 ),ElTOU(l'(La 1'] 1<al)E 11[0., fa oQw
t1];aXOTC.LVOrl]W;, EI.),ELJHl1)'tl]'ta. Kura roy MU(lXEn.ivo
(Bior; eouy.voiclov), 0 uL08Etlloe 1:0V
xnQaxnl(lu TOU /'0I'0lJ JtOlJ TciQLo.SE xm otl] qnjo1'] rou
o.Alca xm ow 1l,':'(E8o; xm OT11 TOU no/,EIlOlJ.
o OTTO
TO Gerasa (SpoAI-
VO, StaallicheMuseen),
MNIHAI IAKOB
71
JI1.iUTWV}lEV oliv ayaOwv airioue; xai }lC/iUTWV bwivwv
clsiou, ;'youpu YEYcv!iuOa rove; lOTe; uwpaeJ!v {mEr! rije;
',--,'Uti,lOe; Jrgoxvouvwual'rae;' ov ov(ji rwl' Irgo rov
Jro,Apou TOvrou yEvopEvwl' xai (juvaurEVilavrwv Ev xa-
rig{l roil' :ro)Jol' fJ[xawv tl.pvrypol'Eiv, ixEil'Ol yii.fl oi
rove; UrtyyvopEvoue; xai ra IrJ.riOry z{!o-
r{!i:r/Jal'ue; EIr' ag* xai ltUzoiJe; avraywvwrae; roie;
PagPri{!Ole; 1'r1lt1ilal'Ue;.
!lJOXQl1T1];' lIaWJyuplx6r;, 75.
rwl' Jrq;naaouQwv WEQYWUVl' xw ciSLOl rwv ,uc-
yah;uQwl' EJwivwv ixoul' xawaui, xafa U/ yvwpry /wv,
0/.0 oaO! QllPOXVOVVE vaal' Ttl !;w;' rove; yw r'lv cil'vva frye;
EV,aoa;. Kl opw; Ocv dvw oi"aw va SExva xavd; OVrE
,,,dl'ove; nov i!;rwav nQlV ((,ro aural' rov ;To},E,aD xw xv-
piQvrwav ne; OVO aurie; no;.u:; ywr/ avroi nQoyvl'vaaav
lIlV urOI'Evry yEl',a, JrDQaxlvwvrae; TOl' },ao aT'll' no},E/lwI
llQEnl xw avaoECxvvovrci; rov aE ax}.7]Qo aVrlllClXO rwv
{Ja[JfJciQwv.
o !00x90tl1 (436-338), 0 rl1;
V11; rrgol;a, EVll; emoAlm.O XaL OAUfLJtLO
I\oyoygc<cpo; rou YQacpELov, va
b,rpgaofj loaSla rou JlOlfjnr.ou ),.oyov, n;wrpuyovrar;
1;[oou Hlv AEsfj XaL rour; vEOAOYlOflOUr; 1'0; rog-
yLn, 000 XO.l 1111' aXQuLu. Anol1]1;a ucpour; rou i\uoLa. EXf!-
wiJ.ruowv t'f)V XaL flO\,-
OlZ0111W rou AOyOU (ro EUQVelUUe; ;wi I'ovm"ci); dmiv) ,
unocpuyovw; oxo),a(Jnxa tfj TTl fl'W-
;-0 wrv 1-1;wv avvc<vrfjOl1 rOll' q;WVTjEV'tWV, nou XcLVEl rov
),oyo va xw),aLvEl.
LW rrgcrtulta r11r; loxV11r; 2':;;uo; (vlpove;) xmEwooav Olna-
l.moL XQI.1IXO;.. ExrOr; elITo rov !ooxgcnfj, XO.L rov 1\1'''[a
('lEVY LOW, to 444). 0 bWlJl1flo1cgo; bLKfjYOQO HI; a9Xma-
1fjWr; EJ{Cl'lyC)'fwrLCl J..oyoygacpos, OUVTa1n1F
rOJv ),oywv ;lOU f;<rpwvouaov aurorrQoorimw; Ol1l),a1S 'tOl>
010 olr.ao1l1QLO. 2:10 lOOS XOVWE: Eva uqro; xa8' u:rQro-
hjv i.ITO xm oLCluyEr;, Yla va 1lCQVC<EL a[JLaow a1lfgmlj
(aU,a aXl c<vCUQ11) 0111v l\'uxo),oyto TOU
xou OLXClOTfjgLOU, XaL rfjv tEXVfj lOU fj8oygarplX01J 1l0Q-
TQnou, (001' va xa8lowV't0l nFlffiLXO'rrQaTCl oUflqJ{Qovw,
rll ltEAaui.w;, Ol J..6YOl rou I\uola 8wQ,,'1011r.av, .oTlrr),ov,
llQo1urra elm:<11r; xaOaQOTl1TaS KCli XaQ11<;.
H ayupIJ o>:lpil >:vwlypo'l'wv Ku6wv, HOPor
EIMI TEl: ArOPAI MOUC1Eio Apxoio<; Ayoptic;).
72
o nEZOl: AOrOl:
PHTOPIKH
To oUOlaoTIKo Aciyo<;, Kal TIe; Tple; BaOlKe; orwoole; TOU (we;
AOYIKO mxiprllla, Kat PIlTOpIKoe; Aoyoe;), TIlV
Kat TOU OTllv PIlTo-
IlaTi Ki ouvouooTIlKav npoTuno Tpono Il op80nla, Il
aKpIBla, Kat Il UO'1oxia Il Kavvae; ov
va um;paoTIlO'1i un0801l KaAlm:pa ano TOUe; 'EAAIlVe;", napa-
OXTat 0 BlpyiAloe; OTllv AIVWJOa. II' aUTO TQ PIlTOptKO TOU
50u at. KaTKTIlOav 801l OTO OXOAIKO Yla Til
OloaOKOAia Tile; Tile; Kal Tile; npovo-
nou OIOn'jPIlOOV O OAIl Til OIOPKIO Tile; OPXatO-
TIlTQe; we; Tllv AvayvvllOTl Kal, nopanpa, we; TIe;
H avopW8llK OTO oq:>oopo
TWV oAlyapXIKwv Kat Kat
Til KlVIlOTl Tpia lOll OIKptVaV 01 nOAatol: TO
OIKaVIKO, Myoue; vwmov OIKOOTllpiou, TO navllyupI-
KO, vwmov navllyuplKWV Kat TO
nOAITlKe; ayopuole; O'1IlV EKKAIlOio TOU a Kovovae; TWV OKO
PIlTOpwv, nou KOlapTiO'1IlK ana
Tile; TOV AVTlqrw-
VTO, TOV I\uoia Kat TOV loaio Yla TO OIKaVIKO iooe;, TOV AvooKlOIl Kal
TOV 100KpoTil Yla TO navllyupIKO, TOV Kat TOV A10XiVil Yla
TO 'Hooove; 0 I\UKOUp-
yoe;, 0 YnEpiOIle; KOl 0 L'Iivapxoe;.
npWTuouoa anOIO Il OTIlV KqrWVIlOIl TOU
AOYOU KOI OTIlV 1l80nOiTo op8pWOIl, OTOOIl KOl XEI-
TOU AqrllYOUVTQV OVKOOTa Yla Til OOKIlOIl,
Tllv onoio KOToqrEp 0 vo Til vUPIKOTIl-
TQ, Til ouoap8pio Kal Tllv ayopaqroBio TOU, rl ylO TO nwe; 0 AIoxivlle;
ovooiXTIlK, ono TpiTIle; Toxa KaTllyopioe; 1l80nOlo, O KOl
EKivQU
TauToxPovo OXEOOV Tllv Tile; PIlTOpIKrle;
KUKAoqroPlloov TQ npwTQ npaKTlKG YXElpiolO (01 TE:XVE:<;) Ylo Tiloloa-
OKOAio Tile;. H OIOaKTa UAIl Tpia KqroAOla Tllv E:UpWT),
Tllv Kat Til EUpWI<; Il npoOT108la, Til
8la Ev6e; pnspToplOU EUPTIKWV Tlmwv (oTooewv). va Tunonol1l8Ei
"'1 (JKOAOu8IlTa olaolKaoia, va OPIOTEi AOYIKO VOPIK0 Il
ouoia Tile; npimwOTle;, :(01 va ClQTUTTuJ80uv nC:LCY1u((l,
OTIlPIKTIKo rl avatpTlKO, H Tllv a\lo-
yKIl Ylo AUOlTAOTPIl TWV oToIXiwv, Kat OTIlV OAIl ouv8EOil
TOU AOYOU, Kat OTIlV K8EOIl IOIKG Tile; H
aVAU TO uqroe; Kat TIe; apTE:e; TOU: Til TO Ka8apo AAIlVI-
KO, TOV KaTOAAIlAO Kat TO KOTO Tie; npIOTOOEle; npnov".
To npwTo Ka8apwe; 8WPIlTlKO YXlpioIO PIlTOpIKrle; Il
PT)TOPIKr, TOU APIOTOTAIl
H YAwooa Tile; PIlTOpIKrle;, qrUOIKO Il
X81lK8 TO dooe;: 0 apXatOTpOe; AVTlqrwv KIViTOl 0'10 iow
TOV AIOXUAO KOl TOV 80UKuoioil -ypOqr1 OTIlV mo aUO'1Il-
Prl KOl aT8ioo' aTO OAAO OKpO 0 L'Iivapxoe;, 0 enovo-
KpI8Ivoe; OIOpKWe; OVo-
OTO OYKIlPO KOI 0'10 ninoo uqroe;, moIKvu1 TIlV noM mo
TWV Xpovwv TOU. fa,
'E(J7(if!a tID' yap 1/1', I/xC b' ayyiUwv n;w; rov, JrgUUlVl, w; 'EMima xauilIJ-
Jrra!-. xai pHa raul)' 01 lIb, cuOv, isavaoTilvu; perasv bEmvoVvr:cr; rovr; r'b. rwv
O/lIJwi)v TWV xara rill' aYO!!aV ESCl..lIYOV y.ai ra yi!!!!' bmif/Jrga(Jav, oi bi wv,
aTgarIJyoi" pTmt'I'Jrovro xai TOY ixaAouv' xa! Oogv{JOU JrJ.rjPIJ' i/v i]
JroJ.i" rfj b'uOTEgai{l, apa rfj 'IPEg{l, 01 pb Jrgurava, r1rJ' D<liJ.ovv rir;TO
{JouJvuj!!WV, UjJ'if; b'F.i; ixxJ.lwiav iJrOtlEVE(JOc, xa! Jrg!V ExEEl"", 1IIJpar!a(X!
xal Jrgo{Jou}.Vaa! Jrii.; 0 /)fipo, avw ;wipera raura lOr;ljU)EV II{JouJ.i] /lai
roy ijxovm Jrai!rjyayov %ai<a',o; ci.'7:CV, PEv 6 Ti; ayO(}EVEtV {JovJ.E-
TaL; Jra(}nEl b' oubEi;. JrOJMY,li; bi roD xrjgUy,o, EgWTWVTO;, ouMv pii.;J.ov aviaraT'
ovocir;, amxvrwv pt'" rwv aT!!aTIJYwvJragovrwv, a;ravrwv bi rwv t!IJrag(J)v, %alov-
011;!Ji rij. nargibo,l'ov EgoDv!!' un(! awn/pia, ijv ya{! a %1]guS xara rov; vapou;
(upiIJa1, faVr1JV rij; Jrar(}ibo; bixuwv i]yEi'aOaL. ,
{lEg! TaD kTErpavou, 169,
'EJrErprE TO {3Qaov, OWl' irpWOE ayyEJ.o. OTOK rQvravEI. IJ-E TO !-'rjvvfw onxawJ.rj-
rpOIJXE II Dama. KL aUTOL, nov rIJv wQa EXrLVIJ wwJ.a.u{3avav ro {3paolvo rov.,
OIJxwl!,/y.av ano TO {()anil;l xwo.Um nrjpal' va OIWXVOVV ano n.oY.TJvi. ooov. iPE-
val' EXEI, "cu va nvp.co?01.1" fa no{)anrjypara, ciUOl aval;ljrlJoav rov. aTpan)yov.
xw "aJ.wav rov oaJ.;uy%rlj. rEPLOE 1J noJ'1J ;WI mpaxA. T1Jv mO/JFV'l, fiE ro
rpw. r'lr; ,uipa., 01 npvcaVEI. ouyxw.wav r1J fJouJ,) oro !3ovJ.wrrjQw, XI wei. XlVi)-
oarE VW rIJv E,,%i.1Joia TOU Orj/LOV' xW JrQ1V axo,u1J E/(JaxOovv Ta OEwna XW E"oo!!d
TO ;cpo{3ovJwpa, 0 xOojJ.o. oJ.o. dXE nQ.QEI ;"oJa. n. eioEl<; TOU oro ?Orpo. Kw
,Uj}.U; (TII);"E:l7:Qw(hj%Q.v Ot {3ovhm/::,. Y.0l 01 :TOVruV[K .avc!%oivUJo(tv nc7CJ.1JQOrpo-
'QiE<;, ngooayovra<; y.w roy aYYEJo ;wv r" EiXE I{!EflFI. Y.Wld;,,/OE Xl E,,iVO., iOWE
o xrjQuxa<; TO EQwrq,lIa: "DolO. OD,n TO J.oyo; -%t. Oev iPYWVE WQoora :<avEi.
o:<ljQuy.a<; J(avila{3E noUE<; rpoQir; r1Jv EQWTI/01J, "w navra ;rQooExQOVI: onlY
wrgo!!upia rwv OpLJ.'JTWV va naQouv TO I.oyo -fVW 1joav napovTE<; fxi 6?oi Oi orQa-
r1JYo, XCll 6JOI 01 no?m:<oi ayoIlIJrir;, XCll I) JraTQioa an1Jv!!vvf EY.;<J'J01J va a"ov-
arouv nQorrJ.oEl<; yw r'l awr1JQia rIJ<; nari I) nov, ov[.Upwva jJ.E TOU<; VOllOU<;
{3yaivCl wro TOV xrjgv%a ro oroliO clLxaiw<; OEwQEirw 'J!WV1) PI."omj. nargioa<;.
H lOV (3S4-322) lWQoumatE1ac EOW aE oAo TO l'1e:;:
HOV Xat llQoooEVuxa Xat 118oYQa-
"at XWQLc:; LXVOe:; ltEQtH1le:; EVW m,,006fl.lluq Tlle:;
ELVClt xamnEAuxl'l. Anotj.EuyoVHll lit xaovwoLEe:; llClt 01Qi[lQa-
)',ue:; QUel-lOe:; (uuu). MaxQEe:; XClt ITEQLJtI,EWEVEe:; :n:EQLOOOL ECJXEjl,U.EVO Evol,).aaOOVTClt
I-t xwl.a yw va )',a),agwvCL iraTE 10 EVOW<PEQOV TOU XOLvoi,.
nogEla llQO<; 111 XOQuqJlOa'1 ovvOuatE1Ql ft I11V oVTLa1QOlpl]
-1Qorroe:; ROU TOV fUl-lli8'1xCtv >LT01 oAEe:; Ol mOXEe:;. H IE-;(vll
O/LWe:; TOU OUVL01aTm a111 xm o).wv 1WV
y.avovwv "at 0' aunjv TOV w8auaE 10 <p1,OyEgo naSo,; TOU yLa 111" nalQiOa.
J. L. Germe, H I/Jpuvry vwmav Tau ApEiau nayau, (1861]. Kare
Tav nAaurapxa ('HeIKG, 849 e) a
Talpa C oa6;0<;, npwToTuno
Tpono: O'TO Tq<; OloolKoaio<; a au-
Tolpo<;. To KaMo<; K';POIO
wliK1O TWV OIKOOTWV Kunsthalle).
npuTovio. Iro K,;vrpo Ayopo<; q 06.'.0<;, '1
TWV npuTovWV. tJ.. nAwpo TIl<;, "Aol crr]
06Ao, OTO naAOIo 'l>'uA(iooovrov TO
,;yypalPO oal BauM I. TpoIlAou).
I. N KAZAZHL:
73
' X u ' A [ l ) U ( l l A < : ? > l I A o , < o n A [ l ) d O T ; J 1 Q U 1 O > l L m u 1 i l 8 0 1 n U
l O A ) 3 A { l ) A Q , < D l Q A < : ? } I 1 A { l ) l D y u A { l ) l n O l Q > l l l D l d U H D d D X
' n o A Q ' < ( l O > l l d O O d u n O l A { l ) 3 0 D r J > l 3
A < : ? > l I l D r I [ l ) l Q l 1 O > l A [ l ) J d o r i Q U D l 1 A i l r i O I l D r I { l ) d X l , l > l 1 l 1 1 f 3 D
1 3 ( l 3 1 D d l D 1 U 3 ( : : > 9 6 L - : : > v 6 L ' J U X r N ' ' ( 9 ) T ; J 1 n D
D ] 3 r 1 u O l J l : r ' n o A Q ' < ( l 0 > l l d o < ! J o d u n 0 1 T ; J l D o d Q i l l 1 D > l l J l U 1 9 D 3 r 1 D A 1 1 1
Q U D 1 l T ; J > I U ' J O X A 3 y ? l D 1 3 ( l A > l 1 3 Q l U 3 n o u Q ' A { l ) A Q , <
- D l Q A { l ) 0 i l r l l D > l A { l ) r 1 1 ( ; J d u A m D ) d { l ) X 3 D ] 3 d U 1 D l Q n o u ' O A O ' ( T ; J 1 Q
A 0 1 : Q > l D > l 0 1 D 1 X T ; J , < 3 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 ; > 8 0 l n Q 1 U D d A A O l D
' n o A Q , < D l Q n 0 1 9 1 Q
- D A D U T ; J ' ( ' ( D ' A { l ) 3 D ( ; J A A u o n 3 d ( ; J 0 0 n D D l r l A 3 Q D ] < ! J O O O , < l
U D i \ { l ) l T ; J , < U A 0 1 D l A 1 O ) i 3 0 ( l 0 < ! J O O O , < I < ! J 0
' D Q ! 8 1 D l 1 A i l r l O D l d 1 3 r 1
A U 1 ] 3 1 3 8 0 l n ' 0 0 Q 1 0 { l ) ' l J l 1 1 1 Q A 0 l 3 , < U U
0 1 > l 3 ' ( 9 J Q U l O A n o < ! J T ; J d A l / > l I l U 1 0 l J
3 r 1 O A i l r l m d o o A Q , < Q 1 3 U Q > l 1 l > l 1 3 Q 1 l J 3 3 D 1 D > l
1 l 0 0 Q T ; J d D l J A l l 1 A D O l l T ; J r l l 1 X o D 1 3 r 1 1 0
' O l > l 3 , < T ; J 1 Q 3 D
] 3 8 { l ) U n 1 D l Q A D X ] 3 A { l ) ] 3 d o A D e n l J A { l ) l l J l D r l O ( l 0 > l D
T ; J ' ( ' ( D
- O U D l D A ] 3 ( 0 1 ) l 3 ' < T ; J 1 Q 3 D ) n 0 1 0 ' O I Q T ; J 1 D Q > l l l D 9 D 1 3 r 1 D A ?
] 3 , < 3 1 0 U D o ( O J V I I Q 1 0 J O l l r l ) " ,
- l A U ' < ' < 3 A 1 1 1 l D > l 1 D 1 3 1 J X 3 A n o n 0 1 l l D O Q 9 d D l J H
( l o > l I A o , < n 0 1 l O A ] 3 n O l J ' o A Q ' < 9 > l 1 l 3 8 0 l J n
A 0 1 1 0 > 1 D r l Q > l D ' o A ; > r 1 A 0 1 3 1 0 u n A 0 1 A n O A J , < > l
3 D ' 0 1 3 8 ] l J 3 9 ) J l l U r l D O > l )
n 0 1 A ( l O I O U O r i l D u d X I l Q A O ' < O r l
3 0 A n 0 1 ; > e > l 3 1 0 > 1 1 l 0 0 Q T ; J d D l J A l l 1 A f ; 1 0 8 n o , < O > l D
- 9 O A 3 : : : l O O O Q ' ( l 1 0 r l 1 ( ; J d l J 1 0
' o A Q ' < Q 1 3 u A O l D A D > l U < ! J T ; J d l D 1 O > l O J 3 9 ] d > l D
- D l Q 1 1 1 D l A A D 0 ( l 0 l l O l J D 1 0 1 0 > 1 T ; J ' ( ' ( D
- ( ; J A A U l D 1 U Q l i D A D A D O ( l o d { l ) 3 8 Q l J D
A ( l o e l l l O U O l D D l O O l J O D A O J A 1 0 > 1
1 0 A Q ' ( o l D n < ! J 1 0 ' n o A 9 ' < ( l O > l l l U l O l J n 0 1 T ; J 1 Q 1 0 1 3 1 9 d > l 3
l l r n ; > > l o I I ' 1 0 n o s n 0 1 D O ; > r 1 D l D A 9 A D } I T ; J 1 D > l n 0 1
) 3 < P 0 0 o r l n e ' Q 1 3 l J 3 0 D l D r l A ; > e < p o l J D 3 r 1 l D > l
9 ' ( ' ( D ' ( I I 0 1 D l d p ' I I O A P J { l ) d 1 ; > r 1 r l 3 J U o ] U 3 ] O O O 9 1 l J 3 1 0
' ( J O J 3 I 1 C f J Q 9 - I I Q 1 Q O D l B l 2 l I l A ) 0 1 . 9 ' < o d 1 3 r 1 r 1 ? 3 0 j 3 u n l O r l { l ) A A A { l ) ' < ' < 9 U V 0
v L
' ( " / ) 9 o a o % 0 1 . 9 U O l J O l l X 9 0 1 " - O D ! } o r l I l O O U v f ) m O ! } o Q , m l . . V 1 1 1 9
1 3 ? Y H 0 ) [ 6 4 A O ' ( ' ( 9 r 1 1 l J o o ? ' / 9 A ' I ) l J n O ' , I O S ( 1 0 " 9
' \ 1 o l 1 r D S 0 l 1 3 X x , ? 0 H , " : J \ O ' l C ) l l M Q l J r I O A O X D " l J O r i O O ' K 9 0 X 1 1 1
( \ 0 1 ( I ( 1 0 A ? r l O
- 0 . 0 3 1 1 ( \ 0 1 0 . 0 1 3 1 i P 0 0 1 J 1 0 n O O O l i 1 \ 0 1 9 ' , ? X l l D W
- O O O l i 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 \ 1 9 S U O D l D l : l D X S h " ' 1 1 l , 0 0 0 W S l u l I O D l 0 9 1 1 l l H
' m O M ? l O A ] 3 ' 0 ' ( 0 % ( 1 3 I \ 3 Q , ? " 3 0 r t O J r
Q W O ' ( t O l A O l f 1 3 X O Q U r t 5 0 1 0 U O 0 ' : O O A 9 V 5 9 X 1 Y O O l l X S m ' m i n
- 9 3 8 U 1 1 9 1 3 < J ? : O : ' S 1 J ' ! ! , O ' ( O " " 1 S I L 1 O 1 i ( l X o 0 1 1 3 1 0 . u o n l O U O X 5 ? O O r D
S l H 1 3 ' ( ; { n O j [ . 0 I \ m D l I 1 1 0 Y . 1 1 3 ; ( 0 l u l O Y . 5 h O l Q I \ A
S I I A 1 J 1 C ) l " 8 " n S i l l 1 ' \ 1 0 \ ' 1 l l r e O l Q 1 3 G ' ? u o o o u I \ U l 3 :
n l t 9 J
D Y 9 , D l l J ) ( ' l ) 1 d J 0 0 1 i o " i u D 1 7 ) ) ( V J d J O D I . U D 1 7 ) ) ( S O ) ( U B J U ] 3 " v m D B
' 9 3 ( ) 0 1 3 7 1 I l D l 0 Y . I . . ! } D 3 D ' S a O U ( O O ( ) < l D 5 a o l p u n S 0 0 3 1 9 i ! J O D 0
' S O , ! ? I . . 0 " 7 u c p O B " l J
0 1 3 7 1 J 3 ( ) l o x l . . a D " V ' S 0 7 1 U % D ' I ) 1 7 ) " ] 3 S O U U B J U S 0 0 3 1 p m o O l 0
' ( ' ) 1 " 0 ) 8 9
' < 1 1 . 0 ' 1 1 1 5 , r r ( r r ! 5 2 0 1 ? V ) ( 1 3 ' , ( ( P ) ( ! V X ; J J d i o l J
I V ' " l V 1 p , , - v i h 5 0 ) ( / t O J 1 t M P O 5 r J 1 t 5 0 1 r m p i h o l J ' ?
' ( " ) I - a ) ( : : 8 { J
- " l : r ( ( P f ! r l r w 7 3 . q i . 5 r J l J J J v 5 0 U J 7 ( ( ' 9 x ' ?
' l u m r D 9 Y Y l J 1 0 m i J
- D U D S 1 3 0 ( i 8 0 1 D 1 0 ' U o U 8 0 ) D O l J U D 1 r 1 Q O D 1 L 1 D I \ ) 3 I \ 3 Q l l "
- ? r i o l l m t b H " S C n d i < t 0 1 i h 9 l ' Y P 3 0 ( S O U O l O f ) < l ' i )
0 ) S e p d J S 0 7 0 1 P l ' Y 9 S O U r t l 9 A O Y 5 9 Y . 1 G U r i O 0 ' ) J 1 1 0 1 0 0 8 l J Y . D
M 1 " r t O ' P l l 1 1 3 S 3 1 Q m r i O l J X S ? y . l 0 3 1 m 0 3 1 0 m y . S 1 3 0 ( i X i J O D U 1 0
' l J l l a 9 l A O m y . l u D 1 0 9 u f 1 0 1 < ; >
- ? l U l l , , ) H ' S h A \ L y 3 3 : S i l l 0 1 0 J d J 9 0 3 1 3 0 1 D 1 k l L 0 3 8
- 9 U ( 1 ' U l 1 3 1 \ i Y I 1 1 r t l D 1 Q l O X M 0 1 D 1 ' l D
u , , ? n m o 0 1 0 3 1 1 m k p d J O O O ' ( l d J S l L Q l ' \ 3 n o D i l 0
' S O l t b 0 1
- 0 J < 9 Y ' ( l J l J < 1 ? U A U 1 0 r o O ! } A D l X ! } " 1 1 1 0 V D ? , 1 9 " - 7 3 1 O l t b
' ( ' } I ' - O ) ' 5 b q 1 " 3 n o n u
- 5 1 ! J d i < t 0 7 i h f ( ( ( { I < U 7 1 v l . . ? i h l t 5 p J d i 7 J X I l A
' ( O ! J o n o w
3 0 9 l " ' Q
- 1 < h U I I ) ' ' ' ' n o 1 9 A 0 9 U 1 : ) Y 3 r t " m A ' 3 D A " ' 1 9 Y U A 0 1 P I A D ! , h o o O y l < h H
V I C I O I O V I C I
J O J O V J O Z 3 U 0
TaU OlQAOyOU OTIlV OE TIAOylO AOYO (rtJaiiSwv, 77e), KQ-
TQ<!J Uyr) , KQTO TO TIpOTUnO TWV OO<!JIOTIKWV QVTlAOyIWV, 0TIl
EKTETQIJEVWV IJOVOAOYWV (Mi;vwv, 81a-e), EVOe; lOIQln:pou
U<!Joue; IJ lWVlOlJWV YIQ TIlV QnOOOCJ1l TWV lJu8wv (npwray6pac;,
320d-322d), lOTOPlKOU EVEOTWTQ KQl nQpQTQKTI-
AnOKopu<!JWOll Tile; TOU nAQTWVlKOU U<!Joue; iVQl
TO IJYaAonpTlte; U<!Joe;, a OyKOC;, TWV WPllJWV OIQAOYWV (noltm:ia,
294c-295c), omu Il iVQl nplnAOKIl KQlIJQKpOnpioOIl, Il AOyl-
OElPO TWV Kal OUXVO IJETOXlKEe;
nAEovaolJoi, nEpl<!JpOOEle;, apXQ'iKO[ KQl nOlIlTlKO[ Tunal,
ltEyOJ-l.EVa, lOlOIJOp<!JEe; OUV8ETEe; KQl nQpOyWYEe;
'Eva npwTO ALTO TEXVlKO (ETllOTIlIJOVlKO)
OE npWIIJQ nAQTWV1KO EpyQ. nOAU TIEplOOOTEpO OIJWe; OTOV Apl-
OTOTtAIl npOBOAAEIQl Il we; Il TaU Myou.
TQ nOlllTlKO OTOAlOlQ, nlOTEUE 0 LTQYlp[TIle;, 80AWVOUV TrlV EK<l>PQ01l
KQl TQ PilTOP1KCx anoonouv TIlV ana TIlV ouoia.
'ETol, TIl npaYlJaTE[a nou ana
AlTOTIlTa, aKplBoAoy[a Kat OUyKpOTIlOIl Tile; EfllXElpm1aTO-
Aoyiae;. To nAoumo aplOToTEAlKO (m:p[nou 13.000
EXEl we; BOOIl TOV Ka81lIJEpiVO AOyO, q.lTlAOUTlOIJEVO IJE vOAoylOlJOUe;
(nx Vi;pyE/Q, aopyryoia). ..
tJtix yixr! to OaVllaCElY oi aV()(Jwllot xai YVV xat to lI(Jwrov
ijesaYro IjJt),ouo<pctv... war' l.Jr4.J &a to I(!WyEtY
iiyvotaY iljJt)"ouoiprway, ljJaYE(JOV on tJ';x to Eibivat TO
i1tiarauOat itJiw'Xav xat ou nvo, iVEXCV.
A!JIO'tOtE'.'I;, Twv MEta ra tl>vUI./la, A,982 b.
'7 ryrav XaL ELVaL ry n(}wtry a(}xry ''7r; cpt),oaorpiar;..
av Aomov ,0 XivryTQO ,wv n(}wtwv cplAoaocpwv ryrav va
;Ecpe-vyOVV ano jJ.w xaTaoTaary ayvowr;, ELVaL cpavE()o on
Try yvwary yla Xr1(}ry tryr; iowr; tryr; yvwa'7r; Xat 0Xl
yw nr; nQwmxir; Tryr; avvinElsr;.
H JtQWt1'] WtO H<; nQoYflU1fl<:<; nov OnotfAOUv 10 MaO. Ta
<PvOl"a, OVOlyfL flf t1'] qJQo.0'l Ilavtf<; OV8QW1Wl tou Et&E-
vat OQEYOvtat qJUOfL... (Ot Q.V()QW1fOI ixovv =0 T'7 f(!vary
TOVr; HIV smOvllia va jJ.oOaivovv). Qr; Xat xlVYJtQo
t'lr; EQVVO<; tlSEtat to (JovjJ.a CElV, onoQio Xat
ns(}tE(}ysW. llo1;l. H no\! av01;1']tEl H<;
tf<; OQXE<; (yivEOlr;, xivryatr;) XOL tel OltLC1 taU qJVOlXOU
XOOflOU clVOL Jtov ano onOlO-
all1'] CJt1']V ano),Ut'l oOqJlo tOU 8cou. fL' autO
o AQLOtOtEA1']<; t1']V ovofla1;H n(}wrryv f(!/Maocpiav (j1cracpv-
alxr/) avn&LaUtEUOvta<; t'lV nQo<; tTl yvwCJ'l t1']<; qJUOllS ;wv
1:1] 8EWQl XQL cpv,oaoqJlo, ana Of CUtEQO EJllm&o.
Tcilv Mera Ta >UOIKO. XClp6
vpa<po TaU 1496
8E0i10P02: cDIMPET02:
75
EIIAfOfH
EMHNIITIKH KOINH
ivQl KOTO TOV APloTOTAIl nOALTlKOV" IJE
Tllv VVOIO 1J00 oTIlV nOAIl, oE 1J10 oPYOVWIJVIl oUVQl-
KOlvwvio, IJnopEl vo oTO noKpov
TOU KQl vo np01KIoTEl KQl IJE Moo
oTIlV nOAIl KQlIl yAWooo, TO opyovo nAOUTi-
EKAEnTUVnOI KOI 0IJOAOnOIE1TOL H oUyKpoTIlOIl
KaTO TIlV nEplooo oE oUVOUOolJO IJE TIlV K081PWOfl
8PIloKEU1IKWV KQl 08AIl1lKWV KVTpWV, Til ouvOl\J1l oUIJ-
1J0XlWV KQl UPUTEpWV nOALTlKWV VWoEWV (allC/>IKTUoviOl) Kat TIlV
<!JUOlKO TWV q.mOPlKWV ouvoMoywv oUVTElVE OTllv
AuvollTWV OIOAEKTOAOYIKWV OIO<!J0PWV. nOpOMIlAO IJE unEpTom-
TOU KQl
vo OIOIJOp<!Jwvnat oTllv Iwvio, nou ElVQl novToTE npWTonopo,
vo Tllv TWV MllolKWV nOAIJWV
11 11 onolo 1J0VOnWAEl OXEOOV TOV VTEXVO
AOYO, ElVOI "11 yAWOoO
Mno TO TWV MIlOlKWV nOAIJWV, Tllv KOl nVEUlJo-
IlY/-lOVIO TWV OVOAoIJ80VEIll 0 Klvou-
ouanElpwv1 KOI 11 ouanElpWoll OTO yAwoOl-
KO winoo WVOEl Tllv OIOAK10. H OUIJIJOX[o (478/7)
IJ opo TO lEPO TOU AnOMWVO 0111 w180M1 KVTpO OVO-
nOAAWV nOAEWV KOI TIlV EKEl ouppOUV 8EWpoL
ol601KOI, /-lTOIKOI, OIOVUOlOKOI
KOI ria va EvoWIJaTW80UV 01 oTIlV KOI-
vwvio TWV A81lVWV va TOV 08IlVO"lKO TPO-
no Kat nponOVTWV VO IJE EUXPE10 Tllv EKAEnTUQIJ-
vll OIOAKTO. H KoolJOnOAIl TWV A81lVWV ElVQl nAtov TO "npu-
TOVEIOV 11
OUTE 11 K8ooll TOU nEAonovVIlOIOKOU nOAC/-lOU OUTE 01
EIJ<!JUAIOI anopOYl10[ OUTE KOV 11
OVKOl\JOV TIlV OE YAWoOlKO opyovo.
IJOAl010 0 B', KOI
Ko81pWo TnV WIQTlWI yAWoOO oyw-
KCH TI1<;' OlOtKllollo;; TOU TOU. 0 AMF,avof3or; KOl Ol YOVOI
Opl010KpOTlKWV IJO!(EOOVIKWV OIKOYVIWV Eixov A08EI 1J0P<!JWoll
H nEplAOlJnpll K01PaTEio OTllv npow8d
TOV AAllvloPO LTD nOAuE8vlKO KPO-
Til TWV om56xwv 80 M8EI oOPKO KOI 0010 11 yEvvoio ono,tJoVoll TOU
100KpoTIl EivOl 01
KQl noiouoll Ofl/-lO(VEI npWTI01uJe; EK/-l08qoll
H KOIVi) OIcl.AEKTOc; nou Tllv TWV ol066xwv ono(3oivEI nOyKo-
oillO opyovo WIK01VWvioe; ElVOIIOIWIJO TO onolo XEI we; 6oolllOU TIlV
To loiW/-lO aUTO oUVEIOIlTcl. ono Til /-lOKEOOV1Kli
OIOIKIlOIl Kat TO O1paTO, OMO KOi ana qmopoue;, Kat AO-
oTIl MIKPcl. AOlo, TllV Eyyue; Kat TrlV Aiyumo.
o KOlvr, (EVVOEiTOl EiVOl Iia TIlV npo-
AuOfl 01 ypOlJilOTIKOi OlO<!Jwvouoov 01 IJEV nlO1wov 011
npoYIJo1l npOEPXOTDV ana TOV oUYKPOoIlO TWV TWOOPWV 600lKWV
84
(11 iK ni)v nooapwv OuvWTwoa) , OMOI on lll1ll-
Ttpa TWV TWOOPWV, OMOI on WPOKEITO Yla ntl1mll OLaAEKTO on
H TEAEu10ia anOl)Jll nou Kat
ma VEon:pa XPOVlQ I. KQl noMoi OMOl tYKUPOII1EATll-
EiVQl II 111: TOV opo KoLVT'! EVVOOUI1E 10
olocpopa EninEOQ I1E ano-
KA10El<; nou 0 EAAllvlKOC; KOOIlOe; XPllOLI10nOLOuOE OTOV np0qJ0pIKO
KaL EV IltPEL OTOV ypamo AOYO ana TllV TT]V npwlllll
npOKELTat Yla IlLa yAwooa nOAUOUAAEKn-
KaL EYKUKAOnatOLKrl" nou tXEl tvav IlE
OEV 111Aouoav TllV [Ola Kat 0 nEAO-
Kal 0 Kat
o K llunKfje; AL6ullC;" LE aVTi8wll qJUOLKO IlE Tllv np0qJ0pl-
nou IJEYOAll avolJOlolJopcpia II ypaolJtvll TEIVE
OE 0IlOlollopia. Kat EOW 01 ELVQl
oLOTOpLKOe; noACJ6Loe; YPOEL IJLav EKAEmUOIlvll Kat nAoUOLOTOTIl
EVW wi napaoEiYllan 0 Ka1Oat0llou YPOCPEI
OE ilia XUI1WOll, aM6 anEi8apXll 0llIlWOll.
To TEpa<TTIO (5,25 x6,56) npOlVEOTOU TOTTio
OTTO TOV NiAo (80 To 8oarA10 Ko8oUTO KOTa
KTIVOTOV M, Aerio, rupia KOI TtlV
AiYUTTTO, TO TOU NdAou, To KO' TO
A'Y(JTTTOU we; nanti-
poue; 15iwe; KOf KOI-
ival waToao Kal TO
AOyOTXvioe;, H 'ABl]vaiwv noAlTdo TOU AplaTOTEAtl, 01
'EnivlKol TOU 0 LluaKoAoc; TOU 01 MiIlO/
TOU Hpwv5a Kal aAho tpya (0
Kupiwe; txouv O rrarrtipoue; rrou mi
OlWVe; <TTOpylKa <TTtlv aYKaAla t1 tptlllOe; (neA-
oTpiva, ApXOlOAoYIKO Mouaio).
85
\
1
,
.....

>
,
r'
nonupo" p, Land, 122 = PMG VII, 579-690,
<!>U),OXTr, I ""'1'Jp '10POOTOOn TOti <Wpo6opnu, Ka.' 0
6&v VPO&I onwe; 0),),0
npoan06&i va OlO vpomo TOU ),ova Tn v),waoo TWV
v,a TnV Tne;
Kalvrie; npoo<l>tpauv TO (<I>u),o-
KTlip,a, avwvai, XT),,) nau txouv lI,oow6 i a&
),u66lvo Ka, 0& nanupoue;, H v),wooa TOUe; dVOl, OV
TO OUVTOY0),0V1a, n
KOIVri, ano TO aUTO OUV06&UOVTO' an6
CTnV on),o'lKoTnT<i Tne; &'KOVOVPOnOll, r&V'KOT&pa
nOVTWe; TO 6'6Aio lI&v anovlO &i6ae;
OTnV 0PXOIOTnTO, 0,ouyypo de;
KOI &VX&,pI6iwv y,oTpai,
ouvo6&uav TO TOUe;
KOI
01 0110<; TlTJY<; 110<; YIO TT]V KOIvrl EiVQl TO KEiIlVO nou OIOOW-
BT]KOV O mypocj><;, nomJpou<;. KQl OOTpOKa (8poUOIlOTO oyyEiWV),
m..OUOlO UAIKO noptxouv TllOf]<; TO ASIKO TWV OTT1K10TWV KOI TO A-
AT]VOAOTlVIKO yAWOOOpIO, OT]AOOrl 01 OTOIXIWOI<; 1180001KIl08rl0-
W<; TT]<; EMT]VIKrl<; nou YlO TOU<; AOTlVOcj>wvou<;. KOl <!JU-
OtKO T] AOYOTXV[O, LT]1l0-
VTIKOTOTO IlVT]IllO HI<;
KOlvrl<; iVOl T] IlETO<!JPO-
Of] TT]<; nOAolde; lJwBrjKf)e;
ana TOU<; E600llrlKOVTO
(0'), T] Kalvry lJWBrjKf), TO
:4noKpurpa KOI TO lJJw&-
niyparpa, 01 11110<; nf]-
Y<; Trl<; KOIVrl<; lVOl 01
OIOAKTOl KOl TO 10tWilOTO
TT]<; Nto<; EMT]vIKrl<;, nou
OVOYOVTOl OTT]
KOIVrl, ESo[pOf] onOT-
AOUV TO WOKWVIKO nou
OVOYOVTOl OTT] NoAOKw-
.... V1Krl lIWPIKrl
'HOT] OTO npwTO
OTOOIO TT]<; SAISrl<; TT]<;
T] K01Vrl nOAlopKi KOl TO
nponupylo TOU yAWOOl-
KOU OUVTT]PT]TlOIlOU. TT]
AOyOTxvio. BE60l0 000
anaTO nOlT]TlKO lOT] nt-
61wvouv (tno<;, Ayio,
lOIl60<;, nlYPoIlIlO) 010-
TT]POUV 11 KonOlou<; oUIl-
616001l0U<; TT]V nOAOlo
TOU<; TXVT]Trl OIOAKTO.
KOlVOepOVrl lOT] oUYYPO<!JOVTOl O VE<;, TllOT]<; TXVT]T<;, OIOAtKTOU<;.
'ETal T] yAwooaTWV BOUKOAlKWV TOU 0OKpiTOU ElVOl 1110 unSpTOml(rl
lIWPIKrl nou Xl w<; 60or) Tr) OIOAKTO TWV LUPOKOUOWV MIa KA-
mUOIlVT] 1l0pcj>rl TT]<; KOlVrl<; XPr)0I1l0nOLOUV 01 AOOOOV<; OT]IlLOUP-
yoi TWV AVOKPOVTiwv. TWV npw1llwv XP10TlOVlKWV UIlVWV KOl TWV
PYOTlKWV KOI PWTlKWV OTIXOUPYT]1l0TWV, Ana TOU<; npwTOu<; WOTOOO
IlSTOXPIOTlOVIKOU<; OlWV<; KOl TO npWTO OiYllOTO puB-
1l0TOVIKrl<; nOlr)Of]<;, T] onoio TAIKO So unploxuol HnopOOoOlOKrl
npoOWOtOKrl noir)Of] Bo un061BooBEiO 1l0UOIOKO ioo<;,
ASIOAOYOTP<; dVOl 01 KOTOKTrlOI<; TT]<; KOlvrl<; OTOV t..Oyo,
'HOT] 0 AplOTOTAT]<;, TOV onoio 0 K1KPWV YlO TO Xpuoo no-
TOIlI TOU t..OyOU TOU, XPT]OIIlOnOld ilia npw11lT] AOYOTXVlKrl KOIVrl,
LTr)V KOlvrl nioT]<; ouyypoepOUV eplt..OOO<!JOI. 10TOPIKOl, rroAu'i'oTO-
p<;, mOTrlIlOV<;, lluBOyp0<!JOI KOl nopoooSOYPO<!JOL 01 onOKAioI<;.
WOTOOO, dVOl Of]1l0VT1KE<;: T] yAWOOO TOU nOAuBlou (201-120 n.X,)
86
) -
dvOi nOlllTlKs<;
svw 11 YAwooa 10U (55-135 nou
ansAsu6spo<;, oUYYSVSUSI 111
To nOAlTlO1lKO Aomov Y01l1PO 1WV A611vwv, 11 napa-
(lolai1spa 11 Kal 1AO<; 11 nSl6avoyKll nou aOKouos
11 (a811va'lKs<; KOI apy01spa
\lOVOKpOTopia) sviaxuoav 01n olanoA11 1WV olaAsK1wv 111v
H W01000, nou ola\lopw811Ks anOTsASO\la
wv KOI OU\lBlBao\lwv. 'E10l YVwpLO\lOTa anoKAsl011KO aTTlKo, onw<; 1a
TT aV1i TOU 00 Kat 11 osun:P11 KAiOll (Ae:we;), anoppi811Kav, e:o-
oov Ol oMs<; OlOASK10l siXav va npoospouv sVlaLo TlJITo. H 10U
aTTlKOU npooplKOU AOYOU YlQ anAoIToLllOll, Yla
010 VO\lO 111<; npoano8sla<; anpoo\lsvou<;
XOU<; Ol aMoYAwoOOl, aMa KOI OOOl IlIAouoav aMs<; olaASK10u<;,
Ka8w<; KOI Ol anAoi av6pwnol 10U Aaou aouvOTouoav va \lS1OXSlPI-
010UV Tl<; nOAUOpl8\ls<; lOl01ponis<;, 111 1WV
Tl<; nspL11J\oKS<; KOI 1l<; Asm01a1S<; Oll\lamOAOYIKS<; ano-
XPWoe:l<; 111<; aU0111Pr')<; OT8ioo<;. Me: TOV KatpO OUV1SAOUV101 anoa-
OlOTlKr')<; Oll\laOLa<; aMays<; as oAa 1a sn[nsoa, Ol onoLs<; OOllYOUV 0111
oUYKP0111011 e:vo<; sunAaoTOu, 11J\OUOlOU Kat nponOV1WV a11J\ou01su-
IlSVOU YAWOOlKOU oPyavou.
6aOll Aomov dvOi 11 aMo 0111 111<; KOIVr')<;
ouvsBaAav KOTa KQl Ol oMs<; OlOASK101. nAOUOlOTSP11 11
aUVSloopa 111<; a L1. r. KOljJWIlSVO<; (1907-1978) Kat 0 Aya-
fl1l10<; ToonaVGKfl<; OTlll 111<; nOAU
0ll\lav11K01e:Pll ano 0,1l ni01e:uav naAat01spOl sPc:uv111S<;. H
nAOUTlOS lOlaL1spa 111 O1POTlWTlKr') KOI OpOAOYLa: Aoxayoe;,
oupayoe;, I;e:vayoe; (apXlKO: apXl7yoe; rwv plOeO</JOpWv), dyrypa, ava-
ooxoe; L'lWplKO SLVOI KQl 1a XPllOTlKOTQTQ: 60uvoe; (NE 60uvo aV1! 10U
aTTlKOU opoe;), Aaoe;, vaoe;, opKwpoola. Kal 11 6L'1
npoiKloS 111v Kat l6LW<; 111 NOSMllVlKr') 111v fISKTQOll 111<;
-e:e; ana 111v 1WV 1Pl10KALTWV O111v
01 rraripe; ._, roue; rraripe:e; (Kat Ka1' avaAoy[av: oi, roue; TOple:e;) Tll
opoAoyia snlXOPllyd Kat 11
oI'Qv6
r
(; NE ral;ioPXlx;, awparoq;u},aKe:e;,
urraamorai. xouv 11 Kop6alOv KOI 11
-lOaa (MaKe:oOvlOoa).
6a8u101s<;, Aomov, SLVat 01 aMays<; nou ouvTsAs0811Kav Ka10
111v nspiooo 111<; mo WVOAOYU<O OU0111l-la, 0111
0111 Kal 010 111<; Ol anoaOl01IKo1S-
ps<;, wmooo, aUTs<; ITOU Kupiw<; 0111 OIQIlOPwOll T11<; Ns-
a<; EMllVIKr')<;, ouvsB11oav 0111 wvoAoyia. a TJl<; Apxa[a<;
1l0UOlKO<;, onw<; <j>aiVTat oMwon; KQl ana Trlv opo-
Aoyia: apl1ovia, rrpoo4Joia, oE,e:fa, 6apf0, KTA. H \lTaBaOll ana TOV
\lOUOlKO 010 TOVlO\lO (aKpt6smspa: 0 ana
KO<; SYlVS QUValllKO<;) aivnal OTl dxs W<; ouvsnSla T11V KOTOPYllOll
111<; npoawoia<;. H \lovoq:,8oYYllOll AOlnov 1WV ol<j>80yywv Sf1l1OXUVS-
101 (e:I->j, Qi-'e) KOI Ta q:,wvr')SVTa yLVOVTOI laOxpova. 'ETal fIi napa-
BuBAiov OUK
vxBrjOtTat, tnti
WlloaollV' civuyrj-
onal cina wpor; npw-
T'lC; /ltXPI KT'lC;,
BI(3Mo oev eo (3yel
[(poaov opKlarljKo{Jc
f) (31(3},loeIjK'l ea eivQl
avolKrlj ano T'lV npwTI)
wpa [ano TI)V avaro},1j TOU I)Mou]
we; TI)V [KTI).
H (SEQ, XXI, 500) ",1aKO <jlaiVSTOI OTI
ova<jlcPCTGI aTOV ,1C1Toupyiac; nou
Ayopa TWV I\wpca TOU TiTou <I>,16810u
navraivou (10C; 01. To ,1a80C; aTO avuyrjocrol (u ani 01)
OTI 01 cixc oupntoCI npo<popa TO
u liN. I"IV E,I,IMa cixc 'I\puoc'
o nC,aiOTpOTOC;. n,louGlcC; ,!,aivcTo, OTI l\.c8srav 01
oxo,ltc; TWV "UWO,
K.6.). <l>OVOT'KO; 8,8,1,oauHCKTCC; 0 TaU
0 0 nA6TWV KOI 0 (A8i)va,
Mouoc;o Apxaioc; Ayopac;).
,.
,
....
'.,
H EpJll(jvl) rpOJlfJOTlKtj. nOprptTo yuvaiKa<; ncpinou 25 crwv
anD Xaouapa (Auijpl(;), TIl vCKpanoAIl (<1>0-
npoKma, y,a EpfJlovl) TI) rpOWOTlKtj (= oO<JKaAo;
6cpanalva;). ITO TOU npoawnou TO Aema XOpaKTIl-
PIOTIK" Ka, TOV TIl<; va KoiEI
tva QlWVla<; (AVTp': MaApw). KoTO TIlV eAAIlVI-
Kal nepiolio Il nallicia anAWVCTa, ae cupurcpa
TOU Ka, 01 AC'Toupyoi
'ITO I KOIVWVIKO. To TOU oOlJl(oAou ovaAoll6ovouv
Ka, yU'IaiKe<; nou npo':PxovTa, Kupiw<; anD
To aUTO nopptTo 6pioKora. OTO KO/'/'':VIO
Girton TOU (.:. dol;.alil), To rTopTpim TOU <l>oyIOUJI,
1995, o. 51, 196).
OEiYflO1l TO I, 1, 1'), (1')), 01 KOI u ouvnOov vo np0<!>pOVTOI We; i (11 flE-
Tile; npoOpOe; Tile; oLSayyou Ot OE i OAOKArlPWSIlKE flaALe;
TOV 100 OL. fl.X.!). 0 LW1OKLOflae; dXE we; ouvnELo vo npoKLlljJOUV n6.-
flnOMEe; OflO<!>wviEe; flE OLOOPTlK6. OL onoLEe; lXov
Tllv iOLO npoopo). KOl 010 nEolo TWV OUflWVWV OL oMoye; 00-
pW1lKEe;. 001000 we; mlflEPO OE vEOEAAllvIKe; OLOAKTOUe; 10 omAQ
OUfl<!>WVO (aAAO<;' =clA-Ao<;,) vo
npopOVTOl KOI TO TEAIKa -V nou KOTOOIWKE-
TOl ona TOV 40 Ol. n.X. vo OV1lO1-
KTOlI H 660LO nopflELVE
H OUOOPflovio ov6.flOo 010 YP6.<!>llflO KOL TO
C!JWVllflO lXE wc; ouvnElo TllV nAllSwpo opSo-
YP0C!JLKWV AOSWV: WVTO<;, oVTi OVTW<;', Aunov
oVTi Aomov, KTA.
ITIl flOPOAOYlo KUPlOPXIl lVQI 11 T6.o11 YIO
onAonoiWJll, 11 onolo KOl ouvTEAlTol Kuplwe;
OLO Tile; ovoAoyloc;. L:.IOUM0601 Kat TPIOUAAO-
60L OXllflOTLOfloi OVTlKOSLOTOUV lOLClTpOna ona
onotjJll flovoouMa60: 0[<;': npo60rov,
J-lO<;': novIlKo<;" 15<;,: xo[po<;" voO<;,: nAo[ov. To
OVWflOAO nOpoSE1lKO oV1lKoSlo1OVTOL: J-ltyo<;"
J-lyOAwTPO<;' (oVTi TaU
J-ltYIOTOe;. To OE -we; (KOAWe;) nE-
npoe; aEAOe; TWV OE -0 (KoAa).
H nOAuTunla TaU 010
onOALJTWe; ovoYKoio. OpLOflva ana TO SLC; -J-l1
npooxwpoUV 010 EtC; OW. i5ii5WJ-l1 - i5ii5w.
To TpOe; TOU OUiKOU OPLSflOU nou ana
TOV 30 OL. nX lXE unooTl60pLJT01O
10,OEXTOl ono TOV 10LO TOV 1Il00U Til XOpIOTL-
60M: "OuoEie; oiKTIle; OUVOTOl ouoi KUpl'
Ole; OOUAEUSIV (lIouKo<;" 16, 13).01 aHIKIOTEe;
Of.lWe; npoonoSouv vo oUTav TOV
apxoiKaTOTo Tuno: i5uo! Aty, aAAo ouo[v
(ClJpuvLXOe;) .
KaL 010 nEola Tile; 11 EntOLWKEL
Tllv onAonOlllOIl, 1Tlv KpOOIl KOl Til TLC; yUflvC;
mWOEIe; OV1lKOSI010UV OE nOIKlAse; nsplmWOEle; 01 OKpI6Eon:pEe;
EflnpaSETe; H we; OVTlKElf.lEVO OTOOIO-
KG Til KOl (clKOlJlV Ilva, OVTl Tlvo<;,). To onoptf.l<!>oTO
OVTLKOS[OTOTOL: TO EL01Ka ona TO OIl + KQL TO TEALKa ona TO
rva + H KOL 0PlOflVEe; TIlC;
nEpmlmouv OE OXPllOTio. H KQL TO OOUVOTO
1TlV 'ETaI 0 OUVOOflOe; KO! flE VEe; OllflooiEC;
Ynopxouv OlWVa6IEe;, flOKpo6lEe;, 6poxu6LEe; KOl
-OUTEe; EivOl KQI 01 mo SOPU6WOEle;. H VO onoppi-
tjJEI vo JlEYOAO OPISfla nou lTE OVTlO1KOV1OV OTIlV 1(JOIl YlQ
onAonoilloll lTE Eixov onoAEoEI TIlV TOUe; OIO<!>GVSIO ElTE
88

Um:p60AIKO 10IWIJQTIKEe; dn; OVTmpOOWm:uov ovnKdlJvo KOI

8VTlOlyvde;, Ot OnWAIe;, W01OOO, IJ TTl OUp-
XIAIOOWV VOAOYIO\lWV nou m60Mouv 01 OAAOyte;, Ol
onole; npoYIJQTOnOIOuVTat 010 KOlVWV1KO c;nlnoo IJ H\V OVOOO TWV
AO'lKWV O1PW\lOTWV, 010 nOAlTlKO IJ TQ nOAu8vIKO KPOTfl TWV 01006-
XWV Kat TTl PW\lOIOKPQTIO, Kat 010 nOAlTl011KO \l TT)V \lCPOVIOTl TOU
XPlO1IOVIOIJOU, 'ETOI c;nl nOpOOdYllQTl nOMEe; opxole; ono-
KTOUV vte; OlW001e; O1Tl ypOIJIJO-
Tdo(ayyc:,\oc;, 01(180,\0C;, E:niOKOnoc;, E:KK'\17oia),
,,(
.- , .,
KOTO TTlV nplooo TTle; Tl EMOOO /. " v....-("' ... ... t
c: ...... T'1ICOC:!M"I'O'Y....H':JIt.I4I"" .....-,.;
.}1 ... KIo.'t<..I.U..,... 'NV..-o-
...'\.... n NoCn.CN'y-n"......
unOTox811KnOAlTlKO OTTl PW\ll1 (10e; ot. n,X,) Kat * l' "'OH.U._
_ .K-Ir.I":.\.:..'..'::Nt1r-.....

nOAlTlO1IKO O1OV XPI01IOVIO\lO H KO-
il 1 c)....-cI... U.I..... ..... ...... rll;a)'-l ....1.1..U;J:
.. .
..
....... ,..y............. ...,.. .
TQOUVOO1UOTJ 0CPTlO OTJIJOOIO OKO\lTl
I -...... r." .....'I .... .... '''tl;C.tl)oH t_ ,...I ""'tI_ :t.>t)C
"'>"11 1 ;".H.. .\.'Vt"'kl1roA..O .........

nU' Kat O1TlV 1J0e; OVO\lOOIO: PW\lIOI (PWIJO[OI ... lo
4", IU'''' ..,...
A.y ,\,," IU '-
.. 7' ..
..h 1>I.N Ih.'- W":CO
. .. NT..:."'I)t"'..:I .... rc:K>.1t' ..
"11,''''c'rl', 'c'II1.(""."u.e1lc..... ........ 'U
'-: ..Ot.Ay''(7''t'''AC'U)N ..
C'n1.... ,-A..... .Iil..r I , ..... ,e.",...""-J.b re.,..
Kat XPIOTIOvol OVTl TOU 'EMTlve;! HKO-
TOKTTlOTl TTle; EMoooe; anaTOUe; PW\lO[Oue;
A C.)C: ..... ICjlo"........... ... JCtt...

CPUOlKO VO oe EVO YAWOOlKO oouvat- ,.
....
10..';11,..,( ..... '-\"1 ...,.........
A06dv OVTQYWVlonKOu 01 PWIJOIOI


We; vOUVdOTlTOI 8IJAIWTte; \l10e;
:;;,r:. ;;.';.::'
.)..(.I,,('(l:a..yII'"'' , ..
OUTOKpQTOp[Oe; onoodx8TlKOV c;nllJAde; \loSTl-
"r<K:'Cr.,u;1 KCI u, .....;\-y1-,;: , ... ... r.ao.c.'C.:cJ"lU"': ..,."-'UO .
r.(: (JV(",()y1<."" H.)(t"r<w.::-.. ,>-
Ic'NUI e'.....",Y
... I ........rl, ...... K>-IC" """':-t.... .
TEe; moue; TOlJde; Kdvoue; nou vlw80v OTI ."""'..c, u-......
\.) ..,,:-,.'t
'I""""'Y I' q,Jlt,.,/""IN 'ON'Oo_
-.(4..1N .'t."'l.'",",'" ..., a ,.,., "" ,>f...
":,, un ... , 'U r..)..4
\.1 HI f\ .. ' ... ...'W'lu' - 1 1'.J"'Y :....L'-t."J fOIr"It'Vl.a
KO TTlV YIO vo KOAUtjJOUV ne; OVOYKe; A........ '(J .... II.r(ll.... \.,I,l" II.... ....""',Jtt,.Cy("'".1N
1 '4u t,.J..1N "J.f',c.n .......-i.
T11e; TOUe; yAwoooe; O1TlV T-
'I, I:
h ,C' 1(,.... ' ..:V.... C.l......
U01pOUoov. 'ETOl OPYUPOAOYTlOOV oumTllJon-
K),.I"' .... 1 , ... V.. .i..('h
..... _
J" .... I.1C-'AN1<"" tll...'.
'o.. .!, ....11 .... - , ...... :a...(:.Il.UA ... C...L"'('f"' C'.. ,..........
XVTl, OTTlV Kat mTlv 110unoSIO, riO VO . '-I'''';'',.t,J'''""'Y\ <.:C.....,...y.".. :
'"".. L I.""yCIUI'"(;t,..... ,'''' Unh,l JIo.V--'" .....",,,,..V'UM,,;H
OIUKOAUVOUV TO OIOIKTlTIKO TOUe; \lTlXOVIO\lO
"I' .. ,. ",., ....\):1( (,\,,: ... , .-,'....... 0
t"::)"ll(''''-'''' (,:K ., 11"'''\''.:''>' ",\,:1"-"1 '11"... 01."',....
OUVOTTloaV n[OTJIJTl unTlPWIO , .-. ('"'"t':'<y.lt.(
1.... '>1.11 .10.' " """"'''''''''C.f,,''
.. , (7'\'L: ...... ,,, \. r
'\."\ ")11 r. fC.J.v.u..
O1Tl PW\ll1 'Eva \lOAIOTQ ana TTl
: .. I .. "'-J'''t. tH' 1(,It"I'-.Jld... _.... t 1 ('H....... '
.' ()l",..,I:Jo.("""C Y.....I,;'.... 'K:"....
....'dlill-l'<C.'V'''' .UN..-C.:C
(:,':'1,,V",AY'()I'Ctt':'('t.U:'1
1....... hH 1f",),,11 .-HIU ()" " ...,.
OPXOUOO to[we; Ot yuva[Ke; TTle; OPI01O-
.Xl"'-. ".. -'''-1'''..-.-.'-',.... ,.....,," ....
, ..,.. _ rll"'c..I)_.l .. :
1..)o,I'. rO'oll4,;(-'IOI,),l'el('
.... ""., c..: I,; ro(.II.p."')''''r'
KPQT[ae;, olyAwooo 0 KOloop IJ ('I'''1 'U.l'CI ,fl
- \,') ('<'"Oh.,:,o'CII'I('<)(."'V""Y,,_
..... 'llliAt- ., ... " .-,
{ , r.... '... "fI.,y\.':'tl.'H ..1 ."
TO npIAOATlTO Kot au TKVOV, BPOOT;, 0 Au-
... " ..... ""').,1\11.,"1 r.......I\III...
. (1..... 1 .- .. IV hUI' _
1....'C)\II .. .Jt.f ............ 1()....t:VNI\t)
" '-"- 1 '0.. III.".... (: '"
.........' I a...'ll\I-t. 'Il'r,l.....i ... , ....
youoToe; nt80v \l tva m[xo TOU Mvov6pou
....,.,. .... \y .. ' ....
moXdA11 0 Ntpwv AlOXUAO KOI 01-
nptjJ we; TPOYWOlWV, 01 nOITlTEe;
OUATlOaV TQ IJbpa,TQ loTl, TOUe; TponOUe; KatTll
TTle; Kat TTle;
nOITlO1le;,
01 'EAATlVe; ovn8bwe; (OKO\lTl KOI 01 rpOlKUAOl!) KPOTTlOOV OTO-
OTJ tvovnTlle; i\anvlKl1e;yAwoooe; KOl TOU pWlJa'lKOU nOAl-
nO\lOu yC:VIKOTPO, Ta 06vlO ana TTl [Vat npIOplOIJVa
KOTO TOUe; npWTOUe; OlWVe; T11e; KQTOKTTlO1le;, TTlV aVTlmaOTl Ka800Tl-
youoav 01 onIKI01te;, 01 untp\laXOI Tlle; K08apOTTlTOe; Kat
Tov 30 Kal 40 ot. IJ,X., W01OOO, vae; IJYQAOe; opl8lJOC;
(loiwe; ana TTl Kat 0poAoYIO)
noplo{;<tJP1l0 OTO AATlVlKO,
Hc;niopoOll TTle; O1TlV dVOlovenoi081lTTl OTO
OUVTQKTlKO c;nlnc:oo, KonWe; OTO 1J0P<tJOAOYIKO (KUp[We; O
nopoYWYlKte; -aploc;, aroe;, -oupa, -nou,\,\oc;), aMoIOXU-
nCp;1I0U 2500 XeIPOVP0<!'O nopaliiliouv ev OAw (flOVOV 59) ev
TO
1600 EKAovapla neplKOllE, 1I0u aVOVlvvwaKOVTOI <IT!\ ACI-
TOupvia. Enl!lAEav KOI 60lIanUplVaonoonaOjJOTa,
TonaAUTIflonpaX8lPOVP0<!'o dvOl01 n PVa-
KwliIKC, Valicanus,Sinaitlcus(KOI'Q1 MaTOU 40u 01.) KO'
Alexandrlnus (50, 01.). 0 KwliIKO, aUTO, (EVa <!'UAAo TOU Ollel-
1I0pallavw)lIauoVliKE amiTO 1098
TO 1628 anaTOV nOTp,ap-
X'l KuplAAo A' I\OUKOP' OTOV KapaAo A' AvvAia,. Twpo
aro BpETavlKo Mouodo, 0 AlexandrinusEX l 773
<!'uAAo xal TWV 0',
Koval xa,TI,liuo"'''aroAt,TOU
89
TWV TaOOpWv EuaYY....JaTwV o tva
SOC; ai, Mauaw.... Io T'lC; Galla Placidia).
o tVOVTI TaU nonuplvou Ku .... ivlipou noA-
,1,0 'ETm 'l 818Aiou, nou
TOV 10 01. liIOT'lPlTO' we; T'le;
6t8010 TO KOI noAumuxo (ano nonupo, nEp-
KOI nAoKEe;), nou we; np6-
XE1pO 0 onwe; o"won a 10U-
KOI a ivOI 9p'lOKiEe; TOU 818.... iou,
KOI IJOAIOTO TaU EVOe; 816Aiou (fuoyytAIO, nOAa/a
Kop6vlO).
POTQ11l OTO nou
loiwe; OTllv 0laTIlPouv101 we; rirAOe;, J-lJ-l6pavl') ,
J-liAIOV, olKrGrwp, Kaorpo, Kap60uvo, onin (ooninov), naAan, cpa6a,
AOUKaVIKO. E:nI011e; npOAE:UOll XOUV TO TWV
Kat apKE:1a !\vrWVIOe;, Kwvoravrivoe;, nouAxpia.
H OUVOVTIlOIl Kat
Kat Yla ne; OUO nAE:Upte;. OL 'EAAIlVE:e; KOTKTlloav KOI 8All-
oov va E:m80AOUV TO OIKO lOUe; KOOlloE:iowAO Kat TO OIKO lOUe; Tpono
OE: tva AOO nou 8E:wpoUOE: TOV E:OUTO TaU we; nE:plOUOLO. 01 MOK-
K080[01 TOV E:AIIIlVIKO KQl YIO tva 11 lou-
oOla 'OIlWe; TO 68 n.X. 0 npooopTIl-
OE: Tllv E:UPUTE:PIl OTIl oepo[po Tile; LTO
ono TOV 30 at n.X, vo TWV louooiwv Tile;
OIOOTIOpOe; E:ix we; TOU yAWOOO Ta AAIlVIKO npoe; XOPIl
Aomov OUTWV TWV E:AIIllvaYAwoowv louoo[wv (tAAI')VlOrai) 11 naAQlO
LlloBf]KI') IlE:ToeppoOTIlKE: OTllv KOLVr]. H
oloolKaoio nE:p[nou TpE:le; aIWVE:e; (To 818A[0 TOU '/w6
eppoOTIlKE: lOV 10 Ql To TWV (0')
OE:V tX1 E:vlaio 01 nOAunAIl8E:ie;
('H;oooe;, 18, 6Tpia tyw /J-li), (rtvwle;, 1, 1 ouv rov oupo-
vov), (tv + vopSpo rtvwle;, 4, 8 KO! tytVE:TO
tv r4J elval auroue;), 10 aKAITa ('A8paaJ-l, 7aKw6) KQl YE:VIKOT-
po TO OKoMwmOTO KQl TPOXU uepoe; onOKOAumouv on 0 OUlOPXIKOe;
Aoyoe; TOU rlox8t ouoepopouo TO aAMYAWOOO
KQl TIlV Kallfr) L1lQBf]KT).
To tva OKpO 10 n:XVOUPYlllltvo E:AAllVIKO TOU !\OUKO,
10 OAIIO 11 Tile; 'AnOKaAUi/JT)e;. 01 nOAunAIlSE:ie;
,,8IBALOIl0[" (01 10LOTUniE:e; TWV 0') Kat OUVE:XW<;
on 11 KQlvr) lllQOrjKI') OE:V KOTaAuEI, OAIIO KOI
TOV NOIlO Kat TOUe; Ta IOtoTuno E:AAIlVIKO Tile; Bi6AOU, nou
npOKOAOUOOV lOV onoTpomOOIlO TWV 8l00WTWV TOU onEep80u EAIIIlVL-
Enllptaoov TIlV mKp611l01l TaU xplonovlollou TO 0IlIlWOe;
KUp[We; Tile;
H KOIvrj Aomov ivOl V (DOOa EnlKOlvwvioC;, nnu OloepoponOl-
E:ilOl ana nE:pLOxr; ae HPIOXr'], K 8W::; ana Tllv TOnLKr']
OIOAE:KTO KQl nou apOK10l OTIe;
E:KeppaoEle; (Eu8ue; Myoe; aVT! nAoy[ou, unEp81IKO OVT[
OUVKpI1lKWV), nou molwKEI Tllv 11lV EUKp[VEIO KOl Tllv onM-
TIlTo, nou ov nopoOTEI ov6YKIl, 06vlo ana Tllv Ut)JIlAr]
AOYOTEXV[O (AaiAai/J), oMa KOL ono ne; vAWOOEe; AOWV. E[vQl
En[Olle; VAWOOO TO KAEIO[ VIa TIlV npoo8aoll OTO ov080
EVOe; ut(JIlAOU nOAl1loll0U ria OlWVEe; nOMOUe; TO Tile; EnIKpa-
TEIOe; TIle; TEpOono. AAilOESvE:ie; nop801,
o LIKAW 0 8aOlA[OKOe; TWV Nou860wv), IEpE:ie; (0 Alyunnoe; MavSwv,
o B08uAWVLOe; Bopwoooe;, 01 <">pU[OEe; Tile; rOA0110e;) KOI OOepIOTe;
VpoepOUV 011lV
LTle; opxte; TOU 30u at nX. E:VW 11 Til TIle;
HOpE:iO npoe; Til E:VOTlllO tou 11 EVKO-
90
TaAdm:l OlOOlOKO TO ALKVO Tlle;, TllV KOl KOTa<VUYl OlllV
'Ewo, Tll KOl Tll PoOO, Bc:60l0 TllV K01OPPUOll Tlle; 011-
11 Au8PIO Tlle; KpOOlle; nou Tll OIVOTIlTO TOU
Xl OAKlOUTd, oHo 11 OKVTpOe; TWV
IVOl Au8PIl va Auopd '110 OVWOUVO To OOlOVO
uoe; (OOlOVO<; ana Tllv PllTo-
KOl onlAd va KOTOKAuol Tllv lOTOplOypoio KOl Tll lAoooio.
To O OUTO TO 80M TOU 0poVTIl oVC:A060v va uljJw-
oouv 01 OUOlllPOI Tlle; nopooooll<;, 01 ,,'AT-
TlKlOTOi. 'OIJWe; 0 XAlOOVO<;, KvoAoyoe; KOl OUTOpWKOe; 00l0v6e;
c:vo<; UKOAO<; oVTinaA.o<;, nou OnAw<; Ol0811K TO npo-
'110 Til ouonlpwOll TWV OUVTllPllTlKWV To
TWV O1TlKIOlWV OlPOTOV KaT' OUOIOV VOVTIOV Tlle; nou
onIAOUO va KOTaKUPlUO1 TO OUVOAO TIl<; To ouv811-
TWV vooToAywv TOU aPXalou KAC:OUe; nlow OAOTaXW<; OlOV
OOKllJO onlKo Myo TOU Auolo KOl TOU nAOTWVO<;!
o 8UlPIlTlKO<; Tll<; KIVTlOll<; 0
IOlOPIKO<; KOl TXvoypooe; 610VUOlO<; 0 AAlKOPVOOOue;, nou
ana TO 30-8 n.X. OTll PWlJll, TO Kiv11 T11v KC:-
VTpO nOlodo<;. TaXUTOTIl Tll<; OTTlKlOTl-
KIVIlOTj<; OUVc:60AOV 11 OKTlv060AIO Tile; OIaA.C:KTOU, TO
KUPO<; TWV ouyypoc:WV TOU SOU KOl 40u Ql., TO TIl<;
nou KUPlOPXOUO OlIlV 11 nopC:1J600ll TOU
AuyouOlOU nou nIOlU OTl 0 OT11 yAWOOO KOl OlllV TC:XVIl
80 va Tl<; nopoooOlOK<; o1;i<;, KOI
660l0 11 npopyoolo (KOOOI<;, A1;IKO) nou
IX ouvTAw8l ana TOU<; IAOMyou<; novw OlO
O1TlKO 2:Tl<; To1;[(:; lOU OTTlKlOlJOU npooxwP11oav KOl Ol noAc:-
TOU XPIOTIOVIOIJOU, Ol onoiol w<; Knpoownol KOTO KOVOVO TIl<;
OIOVOlloll<; KOTa<VPovouoov TOOO Tllv OIOOOKOAIO 000
KOl Tllv yAWOOO TWV EUOyyAiwv KOl TWV AnoolOAlKWV
n01pWV.
o OlOX0<; TWV OTTlKlOlWV OlVOTaV KOlVO<;:
OlQJw80po KOLOp80 O1TlKO. nOlO OIJWe; 11 OIOA-
KI0C;; 2:TO aUTO Ol onoljJl<; OlC:pOV. 01 npoc:60Hov we;
npowno TOV AUOIO, oAllol 88Wpouoov TOV nMTWVO K01Q To1;11
80u<; OVWTpO KOI 0'\'\01 npoC:KplVOV TOV =8VOWVTa. 'OAOl TOU<;
OUIJWVOUOOV OTl TI 1JlIJ1lOil TIl<; 80 00llYOU08 opyo
po OTllv vwv 01 O1TlKlOTC:<;
nloTuoV OTl TO OTTIKO A1;lMyLO TllV
(aOT/OTT)C;) TOU AOyOU, W<; oM81lTO '110 TllV
M1;llC; 8wpouoov TIlV nopouolO T11e; OTO pyo TWV OOKIIJWV ouyypo-
WV. 0 OUAmovo<; (20<; at TIovolJoo81l
K8lTOUT81TO<;, OKPl8w<; npoTOu tva oYIlTO
TOUO OyWVIWI5W<; OV TO TOU onovTOuo OTa O1TlKO
unoOlYIJ01O (KfTOI OU KclTOI;). f':.v TO KtAuo<;
TOU Aoyou nou TOUe; unc:pIJOXOUe; T11<; onl080I5pOIJIl011<;
Eopoio 11 TOU<; OTl11 8VOOXOA110Tl1J8 Ta Kl1J8VO So
o 10uAmvae; (Flavius Claudius lulianus, 331-363) (nopiol,
!lou(lpo). Ana TOV 30 01. KOI TO tpl15o<; OVOIlC-
00 aTau<; t6VIKOU<; Kal TOUe; XPlaTlovou<; AAqVIKIj
,crrOlCEio, no TOV IOUAlOVD (OTOV aVCpH]VTO aurov 0 aUTO-
KpaTWp rraplaTaVTOI we; <l>IAoa0<1>a<; ytvla15a KOI
TWV 6wv OTqV ov6pw
KOI 01 XplOTlovai ixav TO va TqV rrpo(J
TOIpiZ;avTOI. "Av 6tAauv va AayoTxvia txauv Tav
!lauKa Kal TOV MapKa' 0<; OTI<; cKKMoi<; TOU<;
1" aUTou<;!", H tvav 'OTOpIK" Mia
arro Tie; (JuvtrrI<; OUTOU TaU oTl TO tpyo
Tau TpaylKau -q Ipwvtia Tq<; TIl
orro Tau<; xpIO'T1avoue; oVTlYPo<!Jti<;.
I'
J
ana
naAOIorcpo <\IUAOOOOTOV OTO ilpoAoYlo TOU TOU
(niJpyo<; TWV KOI TWPO aTO Emypo<\llKO
MouoEio. XpovoAoydTOI orou<; noAOIOXPIOTIOVIKOlJ<; XPOVOU<;
(V.VI al.). To
'0 iviKqov
'AJlilv yivolTo
nou anoKoAunT1 TO
va ono TO TUTIlKO TOU
(VViKI1KE) 0 aopl-
oro, iviKI1OEV. To 'AJlilv
nou KaTo Kavova ano TOU, O' TO yiVO/TO,
tXEI 6t601O yAwoea, oHo EnEe
Eivol oTT' oAou<; KOTOVOWO ana TO
KO TOU TO yevolTO. 1T'1v '1 EUKTlKri,
Kal 11 tXEI nEplOploeti To (JliI) yiVO/TO dvOi
yAwoolt<o (Aeriva, EmypO$IKO MoueEio).
OUTOIlOTW<; Tl<; nOAOtE<; nou c;ixov nUPywo1 TO
POvrlllO TWV MopoSwVOIlOXWvl 'anOia novTw<; Kl ov TO KiVIlTPO
TWV npolloxwv, IlUWnlKO Ul!JIlAO, 0 QTTlKIOllo<; lVOl oPOYIOIlEvo<;
ono Tllv UYEVIO nou npooolol O EVO KlvIlllO 11 TOU OVE-
IKTOU KOI TOU OUTOnlKOU.
Tov 20 Ol. Il.X. TO PWllo'lKo KPOTO<; UIlIlPl. To oyoSo TIl<; nOt-
olo<; ov lVOl nlO npovollio 1110<; OAIYOPISIlIl<; oPIOTOKPQTlo<;. To A-
AIlVOWVO YE:iP1 YIO IlY1l0VlO. KQTO
Tllv 01 01l1l01A80TPOI TXVlT<; TOU AOYOU mov
MllvoWVO xwpo lVOI 01 KnpoownOl TIl<; b.uTPIl<; 11
TOV AiAlo Aplmloll (129-181). at nVEUIlOTwol<; oUToL
OTTlKIOTt<; OlVTOt OTl 11 Tl<; (oopo 01J180Ilv<;) OIOAt-
TOU<; OKoll1l KOI TO onOlOUTO nou E:iVQl 8t6010 OTl OV
KOTOVOOUO Tl<; OOeplOTIKt<; TOU<; AEnTOAoyi<;, IOW<; OUT KOV TTjV K-
opo TOU Myou TOU<;. OKp16w<; TWV WVTjTlKWV OAAOyWV nou
ElXOV ouvTAaSi. Tov oumTjpo OTTlKlOIlO onootXSTjK TAIKO KOt 11
nIOT]IlTj EKKAIla\o. Elvol 01li60Ao OV TO KKATjOIOOIJO
OTO ouvoM TOU IlnopOUO vo vWTloSi TOU<; IJAlppUTOU<; nOTOllou<;
TTj<; ooio<; TWV MyOAWV nOTtpwv TTj<; EKKAIlOio<;. nOVTW<; mo nl-
TuYIlOTO TOU OTTlKlollOU So nptnl vo oUYKOTOPISIlTjSOUV 11 npomo-
ofo TIl<; KUPlw<; YAwooa<; ano T11V AaTlVlKWV
KOt Tj unpOanlOTj TTj<; KA11povolllO<; TOU KAOOlKOU KOOIlOU
ana TTj TWV avOTIKwv xplmlavwv.
To TillTjlla 0llw<; Tl'l<; nOAIVOpOIlTjOT]<;
6apu' Tj TWV aTTlKlmWV OTO
napASov KOI Tj TOU<; va
anooxSouv TTlv aUTanOOlKTT] OTl
11 yAwooa aTl1 01- ..--_
yAwoo[a, 11 onoio KOTOTaAOlnWP110 TO
t8vo<; Yla Mo XIAlTl<; Kal 608uv
TO XOOIlO ovollOa OTTj 1lIOl!JIlLO
TWV nnOlOulltvwv KOt OTOV
o!1Ao AOO. H npo0600Tl 010oy080TIle; nQlodoe;npounE8H:nOAUXPO-
vll VOOXOAIlOll Il EVO YAWOOlKO OPYOVO nou oV OTO Xd,',11
TWV av8pwnwv. 0,',,',0 KdllVO. LTll nlOTle;
voe; EPYOU Il 1l0VO Til TaU OIQTunWOTl Od,',TQl
KQl 11 nopollEAllOTl TWV OUYYPOEWV Kdvwv nou EYPOOV o YAWOOO
o!1Aou01PIl To 8Al6po noKoAou80 Tile; npoKOTOAIl4JIle;
vo xa80uv0IlIlOVTlKOTOTO nlOTllllovlKO KQl AOYOTXVIKO EPYO.
npoe; TO TEAOe; TaU SOU 01. IlX. OTOV UPUTPO MllVOWVO Xwpo
11 npoYIlOTlKOTll1O oUYKxuIlEvll LTOV npoo-
PlKO AOYO KUpIOPXL 11 <DUOlKO KOI IlEOO O1IlV LOlO
unopxouv nou oVTonoKpLVOV101 OTIl
K080pOTIl1O, O111v OIOOTPWIlOTWOTl KQl YVIKOTPO OTIe;
OIOOpEe; TaU 1l0PWTlKOU mnEOou.
LTOV ypomo Myo unoPX1 noAuolo<maOTl. 01 ouyypode; nou
onu8uvoVTOI OTO upu KOlVO, K08we; KOt 11 OlOlKIlOTl.
Il nOlKlALe; Tile; 'OIlWe; Ol c;nLollllol lOTOPlOYPOOl. 01
pEe;, 01 IMooOI, 01 Tile; EKKAIlO[Oe; [VQl OTTIKIOTEe;.
0pIOIlEVO dOll noillOTle; va YPOOVTOI OTIe; napooo-
OIOKEe; Aoyon:xvIKEe; oloAEnoUe;. H nOllloll, wOToao, KUpLWe; 11
ullvoypoio, KOl 10 TPOYOUOlO TOU AOOU EXOUV OTO
OTPQTOnOO Tile; KOlVr'Ie;. H nOLlloll EXl KOV1 Tllv
Tile;
napo TO 60au OIXaOIlO OVOIl800 OTOV UOlKO KQl Olav ypomo
Myo11 YAWOOO KQTOpaWV1 OTIl olonoAll Tile; Il Til
YlO Til llYSlloVLO OTllv VO 11
nspLAollnpll VLKIl OUVETIV TO IlEYlO1O KOl OlavnpOOOC;UTlKO
vlOIlO TaU OVQTOAlKOU Tile; OUTOKpQTopioe;. ..
M. Z KOm6AKJ-IZ
93
I1AI1YPOI
MLa arro us oITovlimo"tQS mWE; yLa l:ll ,L),En\ HIS
ELva.L OL rrarrVQOl xm LOLaL"tQa Ol ,111 CjJL),O-
),OyLXOL. EVIiLacPEQOV 'Ita "tl1V l:llS y),l;JO-
oas OL Emow),ES ll:OV ELVaL '(QOWLEVES MO
SEVOUS XQ1l
OL/.lOll:OLO'0V mo HI ,(),tJJooa. AQxnOL ,U.OQCjJlO[!E-
VOL, aV1L8no:, VEXQO'0S rUlLOUS xw USElS
rrou 1'] "t1']<; y),wooas OW
CY'1.0ALa. Ol rr"'.:tUQOL, OE aV"tL8E01'] rrQos w; mYQCicpES,
fXOUV "to ,L"(aAO 01:L XQOVOAOYOUVWl XCi"}
XCivova ,L O"'l.EOO1' Ie rro).).o'0s rran'0-
gouS rragal:iOnm 0 XgOVOS, 0 CiXOIlO xm 11
nov YQ"'<P"tllXav. 'EWL Vci XQovOAoY1']80'0v f!E
CixQLpua W IiLa<poQa y),lOOOLXU ljlaLvofJva.
Et\i\HNO-i\.ATINIKAfi\Q2:2:APIA
MEglxES ano US OVUOyES ),C/HVLXWV yAUJOOCiQLUJV (Corpo-
ra Glossariorum Latinorum) J(ClQEXOU1'"tO av"tLowLXO EUll
VlXO xw aV"tlO1:QO<j>a.
OL OL'(AlOOOOL avwl Ola),OYOl
rrgaX1:LXOUS OXOll:OUS EmxOLvUJvLCl i1STas'0 "tlOV
no),Ll:wv (I.J'[EQO.V't11S nuwxQal:oQlCiS) xw a;TOl:EAO'0V
aSlo),OYlI '11.0. ll.EAErq T1']S 1{QLVI1S. MEQL-
XU ;rCigaIiEL'(llaW (EXO. G. Loewe- G. Goetz, T 3, i\lliiu
1892,652,11 .E.):
Sede.Sedeo. Quid
Ka()i:i;ou. Ku()'f/,uuc Tioni;wc;;
Quidstatis?Sedete...
Tim1XE!, ...
Lill'acaliceIll ...
n),vvovTroniglJl...
Mille recentem.Adice merulll.
BahVfQOv. ngoaOEl;dr-Qawv.
Vide, si!labespiperalUnl.
'lUi,i;( 1C ,t.TfQCIrov.
2:w iWg(lOqW au") ouvavl:O'0,LE XCigCiXl:ll(lLOlLXES k:>I.S
XaL TU;[OUS 0 E1'EO",rcas m,jxwOXIl!JmLu"t'lr.c
CUtO 10V lor Zanult EUTf]'(U XQL
noAU xov"ta owVEOEU1']VLY.O arEuw. To /3aJ..Jw 011,LCiLVEL
Jltfdl;w. L1:O Ml;LXO rou cl>guvi;.:ou (20S at.)
"N'10oV uOUJQ E'lJtTIS, aAAa. ITQo()cpmov,
a.XQCtL<PVES", Arro EXCjJgCi01'] I'//()QV vowQ
11 O'0l:EQ'l] ).!'Sl1rrou rrUQouOlUt,c OVlxOAie; xHoll tllS
xm E10L W vi/gov; VEQO, "to OJ(OlO UgxlXtJ.
VWQO, rpQioxo. To JtEj1EQrJroC; OEV ELvm "tlll:m ano WIO 10
O1'],LEQLVO ntJrcQaroc;; novnEQiXELnmEQL Eow XQYlolJ.l.O;(OL-
El1m we; OVOLaouxo [!E 1:11 nLTfEQarouQaui.2:0'(%9'-
v vr")).ll"LXO nt.:'TEgaro xouxLviJ.L' XCil Tll
-rJrac;, 11 OJLOlCi Ei1'CiL CigXEl:O.
X(J.L "t11 NOAA11VlXYI '(Awooa.
H KOINH AAAIA
rENEIH KAI nHrEI THE KOINHI
It
I.
I , J
I,
I
,
!'.
,.
,
, ,

- ,
Avay/o,u'l'O anti 5n
oTia (yupw ora 2300 n.X.).
[! 'l'ti-
VTO ",ura
nanupou (Bpo/o,ivo, AlyunT,a-
Kti Mouoio).
oOpOe; KOlVi] ylO vo 0IlAwSd11 yAWOOO nou
<VW8r,KZ anaTOV 8aVOTO TOU Ivi. AAi;avopou (323 n.X.) we; Trlv
Teiu 10uO'nvlOvou 01 Tple; TAumIOinpoXPlonovIKolOlWVe; (323-31
n.X.) onoTAouV Tllv KaSauTo ,AM)VlOflKi] KOlvi] Kat 01 Tple; npwToI
OlWVe; (3-i nX. - 330 Tile; topae; TOU
KpClTOUe; OT'lV KWVOTaVTlVOUnOA'l) T'lV OUroKPOroPIKi]
KOlvi]. H npioooe; Gila TO 300 npinou we; TO 600 xopoKH1PI-
ana PUVIlTe; we;
H we; J.lIO nOIKIAIO, '1 onoloVTOO-
OTOI O tvo VOt0J.lOO \1[noo, OVaJ.lOO mnv OVWTPll KOi TIlV
KOTWTPIlIlOIKlA[O T'le; iOIOe; yAWOOOe;. LTIlV np[mwOll Tile; AAllvlml-
'1 OVWTPIl nOIKIAla ivat Il yAWOOO Tile; npIO-
OOU, VW KOTWTPIl YWYPO<!JIKa Kal KOIVWVIKO
OVTioTOIXO, '1 yAWOOO TWV OIOAKT6<!Jwvwv, Il onoia unoxw-
pouo TOXUTOTO pu8J.lo, KOi '1 TWV anoiouTWV
Tile; J.lOoioe; Kat KOTWTP'le; T6i;'le; OTIlV AiyullTO, Til Lupio
94
KQl Til MIKPO AOla. 0 J. Frosen (1974) OTiIl avoys-
TQl OTOV 50 n.X. Qlwva KQl s!;sAiX8IlKS Ils 80011 Tllv OlclAS-
KTO as ilia SKTOe; oflooae;" YAwooa, Tllv onola XPllolllonOlouoav Yla
Tie; SUpUTSpSe; EnIKOlVWvlaKSe; TOUe; avoyKse; 01 UnOAOlnOI 'EAAIlVSe;
Kal 01 !;tVOI. Ta En1fltpOUe; unooTpwflaTa Tile; siVQl: 11 Ka81Spw-
Il SV Il yAwooa, 11 0IlIlWOIle; KQ8ISPWIlSVIl, 11 0IlIlWOIle; 11111-
Ka81spWflSVIl, 11 IllllKa81sPWIltvIl yAwooa, Kat 01 OIO<jJOpSe;
TomKte; OIOASKTOt.
sMllvlKO xwpo nQAatOTSpSe; KOlVSe; YAWOOSe;,
onwe; 01 AoyoTsxvlKte; KOlvte; IlS Til OUVOSOIl fllQe; 0Plolltvlle; OIQA-
KTOU flS sva AOyOTSXVlKO siooe;, onwe; 11 Ils 60011 Til
'OIlWC; 11 nou olallop<jJw8llKS yupw OTQ XPOVlQ
Tile; YSVVIlCJTle; TOU XplOTOU OSV dxs KalliO oxtail flS Tie; npollyoullS-
vse; KOlvte; YAWOOSe;: fliA10TQV as OAOKAIlPIl TIlV ASKOVIl
Tile; Msooydou Kat 8PlOK01OV as OTIlV smKOlVW-
vla, TO SllnoplO, Til OlOlKIlOIl KQl Til AOYOTsxv[a.
H OtOASKTOe; ols8ns TOV 50 n.X. at. OASe; Tie; npoun08s0S1e;
YlQ VQ Ka81spw8d we; yAWOOQ Tile; 11 Kat OTpa-
OflWe; TWV A81lvaiwv KQTO Tllv iOlQ nsp[ooo
avtTpsljJs Tllv nopda TWV npaYIlOTwv. H OIOASKTOe;, 11 OnOlQ
nplv QIlO TOV 50 IlX Qt. as uljJllAO 8Q81l0 sVlala,
alltKTlloS IlSYOAIl aiYAIl Kal KUpOe;. 01 nOAlTlKOi KQlIOTOPIKOi AOyOi OSV
8a QPKSTO[ Yla TIlv Tile; yAwooae; QV OSV OUVO-
OSUOV1OV QT10 TIlV TWV A81lvalwv 1l0U
IltXPle; svoe; Olllldou, <jJUOll(O anOTsAwfla Tile; TOUe; uns-
01 TOU MsyclAou AAS!;OVOpou ouvteQAaV OTO va
yAWOOQ llaYKoollla aKnv080Aia KQl va olQo08d
we; Ta sv06Tspa Tile; Aoiae;.
01 Illlyse; Tile; SlVat OIlS-
OSe; KQl SflflWSe;. Lne; npWTSe;
KOUV 01 smypa<jJte; (01 onolse; ollWe;
OSV npoo<jJspOV101 YlQ Til flSATIl
TIle; YAWOOQe;), 01 no-
nupOl, 10 oOTpaKa, 01 llapTUplSe;
TWV aTTIKIOTwV, 10 sMllvoAQnVIKO
YAWOOOPIQ, 01 ouyypacpsie; Tile; SA-
KQl Tile;
11 0aAOIO KQl 11 KOIvry 1110-
KO Lne; tflllwSe; nllyse;
KSI 11 yAWOOQ IlS ne;
OlaAKTOUe; KQl Ta IOIWflaTO Tile;, 11
onola, napOAO 1l0U flWoA661l0QV
TOOOl mWVse;, 8pioKSTm 1l0AU KOVTO
OTllv
OLTPAKA
'OOOl ov ELxav va ayoQcwouv nCl1luQo,
E'lQacpav"1V lllOCO),li cove; Ii 01l0LOOllnoTE m!vco!J.o XL!J.
vo (anooLSLI; ),oyaQLaO!l0JY, Q'ltCt ana T11 xmaOE'
OE Eva xO!-'!J.C!tl am) arIELO.
Ta omQaxl.l, ano W OnOLa
axo!-'11 aVExoow, a%QuLE OEOELe tll
D1S EllOx1isnOu YQaqn:lj)WV.
nTfPA<l>EIL
o xugtOTEQO "1 KOL-
ElVaL 0 H Ex),rlLxEu[.lfvT] CPLAOOOCpLa TOU
E:tLXt1]TOU XQltOU MCtQxou AUQllALoU f!QLOXf'!:m:'lOxovT1i
unl yA(!Jooa TO\! ),aoD. 0 (200-cIO .1 X.) Xat 0
L'l.LOOlOQO 0LLMALWTTI (10, "X al.) 1:11 Xa-
QaXtllQlOuXli yAwooa to)V ouYYQacpEwv T1IS
Arro Ta ),u'Lxa XrlWVU TOU 30'u-60u
at. 0'JfE\!oo-KcUJIIJeivrj;, !J.La cpaYTuoTlxli
l(l1oQLa to\!MEYolouAAESavoQou,0<P,),oyE2w;, [.lla Aalxli
265 aVExolHlOV,XatOL kfveOl TO\! ALOOmO\!.
o laooit. alTO TO
lTOU "OIKIo TOU >OUVOU
- 01. IT.X.), oVTIypo'l'O tpyou TOU
VOU TOU EpcrPltO E8vlKO Mouoclo).
XPIITO<POPOL: XAPAMMnAKHI
95
MAKE60NIKAITOIXEIA
u.AvWvufJ.0S MEsavllQlvoS0XOALa0111S lOU (L;(O-
AID B, 'f}"ciou. Y404) UV(lJEQEL on10 ureoxoQlonxo xOQ6.-
awv ElVaL fJ.UXEOOVLXO. 0 'l>QUVlXOS reagaoloEl 10 Lillo '(La
nsAESELS lWQ /lf30},r, XQLQVp'!.
<!JQUVLXOS:
bUI'r1J,
"ai'Comopf.voi:4.0llvaLmbrinl,Oppr;,iriOwav,
oi/jlviiv&,,Od<;biroil(J'fCVWlroV. f>oxdbipOL xai
roi!.opaxeboYlxUvc!vat.
y. H),EST] O X([I'O,- ptaC; OE?<a-
00" o 'Xao6.QX,!" ElVaL To),U1LVLXO de-
eamlS (oiJyXQLVc na),Lxodeeal1o, YEQflUVlXO dekan, yaMlxo
deeM, aYYAmo deall) regoEgX1mareo 10c/,AT]VlXO oEy-avo,
(> vWE/,AT]VIXO oExavia, XaL oExavi'Xl' OE'<aVc<ta
aQXlxam 1WV IlcxQVWv)Xat0XlavtlO1Qorpa,orrws
Jl:1011JOUV flEQlxolEgEUVT]1ES.
b. TIEQlqnwo 'imy xm 10 flUXEOOVlXO Cjla"{T]10 10
oreOlO anoXOiWVL010 xgEUS :WUAEQlXWV
xalIllCtCjloga clOT] XOQ1WV. 0 Do).ubE1JXT]S,'Ovoj).ucJnxov,6,
70, avorpEgEl: iH ,Lla.-rUT] fJ.UXEOOVlXOV EiJgqw, ol1jJous
t'(EgnXQV i[J EXQWvtO flEOOUvtOS lOU re01ou, EVW 0
A6ilvmos.663 D,10 ws Eva ano'tamo reo),u-
1EA11 T]OUOfWW.
'l'cl.l,ayyoc;.
H KOINH
KOINH KAI 41AAEKTOI
H 118 Hlvc;up8ia OIOOOOll nou yVWPI08, 08V Ilnopouo8 va c;[VOI
8Vlata. Tov T11e; anoTEAc;a8 11 OIOA8KTOe; Yla Myoue;
IOTOpIKOUe;, nOAI1lKOUe; KOI nOAITlOnKOUe;. H aVTiOTaOll TWV
naAOIwv olaAEKTwv, IOlalT8pa T11e; (onwe; anEo81sav aLTuA.
KQijJWIlEVOe; KOI a Ay. ToonavoK11e;), 0 LOu11Twvloe;
(Tiber/us, 56) Ilae; nA11POCPOPc;[ onTOV 10 IlX01. IlIAIOTOV aKolla OT11
Pooo 11 OIOA8KTOe;. KOI 06.iwv 0XPUOOOTOIlOe; (1, 54) avacpE-
p81 OTI OUVOVTIl08 OTllv n8Aonovv1100 ilia YPIO novu npowe; Kai
CPIAOcppOVWe; Tn CPWvn Elval,8n0IlEVUX;, 686010 on
XQV 8KTOe; OIOCPOp8e; 1l0pCPEe; 118 EVTOVO IWVIKO, OWpl-
KO KOI QlOAlKO
'EX8\ unoOT11PIXSc;[ onTO OTOlX8[O nou EowoavOl MaKOOV8e; OT11
vi:a YAWOOO dvOi A6XlOTQ, nQpo TIlV oUll6oM TOUe;
OT11 0llilloupy[aT11e; TO IlQKOOVlKO ASIAOYlKO OTOlXdQ
c;[VQI nOAu n8pLOOOT8PQ on' QUTO nou c;[XQV nLOllIlOV81 nQAlOT8POl
pWVIlTEe;, 0 I. KQAAi:PIle; (1953) KQl 8PIl11v8u8l44 OUVOAlKO
IlQKOOVIKEe; ana ne; ono[8e; nOAAEe; onwe; dVQI
CPUOlKO, OTIl OPOAOY[Q: OKOVOC;, OIPOlpiT17C;, OOpIOO,
EmnAEov, npoi:AuOll cpaiVTQl OTi EX8l Il
-1000 noui:YIV8 YAwooa, K.O.
H dVQI Il08UT8Pll OIOA8KTOe; IlTO TT)V nou ouvE6a-
A8 QnocpoOlOTIKO OT11 olalloPCPwOllTile; H KOI11 anou-
OOiOTWa Tile; an008IKVUTO\ Qno TO yyovoe; OTI 01
AQOl T11e; AVQToMe; 118 TO OVOIlQ 'IWV8e; OAOUe; TOUe;
'E,\A11v8e;. KOI OTa TOUpKIKO a 'E,\A11vae; AEYTOI rIOUVOV.
01 'IWV8e; 8YKaTaOTo811Kav VWpte; OT11V YI' QUTO Kal y[vnOi
Aoyoe; Yla ilia - OlOA8KTO, LTo cpwv11nKo - 1.1OPCPOAOyIKO
8nin8oo ExouIl8 EVTOV8e; 8mopo081e;, onwe; YlQ nopoo81YllaT11
118 00 KOI po oVTi YIO Ta QTTIKO IT KQI pp: yAwooo IWVIKO -
yAwITO aTTlKo, Xl.:poov1700C; lWVIKO - XI.:Ppov1700C; anlKo, To IWVIKO 17
Evavn TOU OWplKOU a: oKowowoi17C;, tpIAi17C;, H LjJiAwo11 on17Au;JT17C;.
H npoopo TOU 17 we; 1.:: ippiB17' Aouva[pnol ovollanKol TunOl:
96
vE:Of.1TJvia, inaOlODe;, K.O. LTO I-lOP<!lOAOYIKO I1[nEOO XOUI-lE Trlv KA[OIl
TWV oumOOTIK<lW -de;, -dooe; Kat -ODe;, -oOOOe;, oauvO[pETOU<; TLmOu<;
nAIl8uvTlKOu TpITOKA[TWV TOU TunOu avGiwv, PIlI-l0TlKOu<; TU-
noue; iAE:ua0f.1Ol (OTTlKO If.1l), (OTTlKa iBiwv), K.a. H
TIl<; EiVat nOAu mo milOI0I-l0P<!lWOIl TOU
TIl<; To oumomlKoO -f.1a Kat -Ole; mmUTOIOTl XOUV
rrpotAEuOll IWVlK<; EiVat Ol BAaOTOe;, epEuva, Kaf.1apa, epwp6
0f.10Tlf.10e;, nET lVOe;, arcyvoe;, iVTp{;n0f.1Ol,
aUJJnapiaraf.1al, ouvavTaw, XWVEUW, unEpBEv, K.a.
H rrp06aA I-lYOAIl oVTlmooll OTll 01000011 Tile;
onw<; 1-l0pTUpOUV Ol O80VOl owpl0l-l0iTWV vOAAIlVlKWV OIQAKTWV.
LTIl TO mo XOPOKTIlPIOTlKO OWplKO OTOIXEiO nopOl-liV1 TO
OWPIKO d, VOVTl TaU lWVlKOU - OTTIKOU TJ, VW mllv TaU
Aoyiou11 niopoOll EiVat ato81lTO I-lYOAUTPIl: aAiKTwp (IWVIKO - OTTl-
KO 6AKTpuwv), Bouvoe;, Aaoe;, vaoe;, JJOIXdv,
vavTl, aaTlvoe;, IWVIKO afJTEe; (irpTOe;), K.a. aAy. ToonovoKll<; VTO-
maE 1-l10 OWplKrl OlOAKTlKrl nou npEnEl vo nEplAOfj6av TO
nplaaoTpo npl<!lploKO VOAAllvIKa IOIWI-l0TO: f'"woKovllao,
KPrlTll, 8rlpo, Ku8llpa, AiYIVO, Mtyapo, TooKwvla, /\oKwvio (Mavll),
MOOllVio, IOVI0 Vilma, nopoAloT'1<; Hnipou, KaTw IToAio.
MEANo.PEIA
II E,\ TA
BOUI1uCtTI')
.IIEQVT(lITO'\I')
ITO.\I')
NAYKPAm.
f-'flClKMou') ITO I,
I,lr\ 0,\\01 K.-\I At'EINOT:Hl:
TT(j.\I')
'OClOIS fllKp6
ANTI OOY nOAI!
A<PPOOJTllS nOIlI')
mOAEMAir THI 0HBA"iaOI
LlIO<; Tro,\r')11
0HBAII
TCl MEflvov[lCI
naOuplS
IQNIKADOIXE[A
EvoLClrpEQov 11 ltl;q;HiTllOll
CHOLX LOlV Tile; [OlvIXI1e; xm11 1:OUe; Tile; KOl-
a111 NWEnllVlXl1 y),OJOaCl. H xcna)'llSll -ae;, 11 OJeOLO:
uJeaQXEl OE avoQlxci OUYXOJeTOflEva (IlJIoUc7e;:
Airo,Ueooweoe;) XCII aE OUOlaOllXa. oTjAomxci JtaQOlVUflLWV
EJtO:yyE),w'nOlv EiXE m:qv KOW1'r f(qa)'ll OLaooml, OJeOle; xm
XQllO"LjlOJeOI.ELTo:L O ETW'r!E)'I-W1LXa OUowally.a:
irE(JI.JlUeae;, yw. TOV y.T1InxWv: xupaJ.ae;, EJeIW-
nl<Wv: oouAEVTaecic;, yw va 0llAWOEl on 1QWEl xavEle;
xanEUXaQLOW %(iecaae;. AJeo Tllv l<ClTai"1SIl -oue;,
-OUOOC; 0Xllf(ClTLOTllXE 11 -au, -ouoee; I(a Vcl 011-
),OlOEr o;nXCII flE 1T]v aVTLOTOLX11 aQOEVLXOJV
ovop.aTWV OE -ac;: rpOueVUQOU, IWYOUJ.OU, VirVUQOU, X(iW-
TOU. Kat11 olaooollTile; !,;;.a8Tfnic;, jiUl),/ra-
oec;, a},uwu,U}.EJIOUOee;) aTO VEOEnllWI..O l<AmxO ol101Tl!lO,
onOle; xmnonaoTOLXEla rile; OtaAEY.TOU (01 ni-
nOl pamA-q, OIXOVO,I1.-q, rpuJi JeO,-, :TQOEQZOVWl wni LO)VlX(,.
{3omA"'Tf. oixoVOfiLTf, rptlLTf, LOlUC; 11 JtQorpOQ(,. wu Tf we; E.
OL ),ESErC; rpoe-q: ({Joea, X( -OUXL [OlrunLa]: OUX/' xa.)
EXOUV
6.QP[KADOIXUA
LE rrOA),ES JeEQLOX; Tllr; ElJeaous, OL onOlEr; O:ViV01JV OTllV
JeoAma OWQlXl'r OlCl).exUYI'1 OJ'IIL<:-
Qa aQxcwl or"OLOfl0l, 01 Y_LJQLOHQOI. a;r6 TOUr; OllOLOUe;
ELvar:11 wuOOlQLXOU 0:rroxOC;. (KaQno-
80e;, rJ./'iQa, rpoyo <: ({Juyo, (TOClxoma),
l1asida (vaCJioa)- -.IWi, (K. [w),La). ToJtWVUf"W.: !JrlIWTO-
W(, [(airae; (Pooo'),Mii-.aroC; (KQI1Tll),LJallOe;(Kahl'vO;)
H nQoqJoQa wuv we; UV: o-OU YOOV)),L (PO<:>OC;),
aXiOUea (TaaxOlvLa), x.a. H ClVTOlVUfLLa a1;waavcoc; - U1',
Touroe; Et,cAlX811x on1 aE airoro,XClJ. arrap
roC;. HTUUKwvlY.,'l, T),Oe;, LVaL lJ flOvTj 0\<'1;-
XTOe; ;rOD altalE)_Cl aflE<Jq OUVExau xar ClQXai.[(;
,1c)'llVLY.l1e; OWAEXTOU, nl;NwAUXOIVL)<I1. H moAoor"Qvlil
OEWQLU WU A. XQIOTO<JUI.011 XC" i).!IV, 'Io;Toin 1!:wrn1l-
on '1 y),WOO MOwAu UjlCu11
Tile; CLQl:.aLOe; X({L 6WQLXliC; OW),[l(tOU, xcrWQQi
(P81Ff d.rO TOV f. 'Om,,;rpuLvnmair'lw naQu-
rruvOl l'vbElxwiaOl:OIX LO, 11 ClvTll'T.i,OI1% uflEvaQci
OT11 01000011 Tqe; KOlVij:. EVOJ 11 AIOld;!l'l unox;wQ110E,
[AaXLOW lxvll OTIl VEO
XPIDO<t>OPOL:MPMAMnAKHL:
97
ITO nou XPovoAoyciTal aToue; npwTOUe;
VIKOUe; oIWVCe;, a tXCI ypa<jJCI auo
Ka (<<'0<1>00 nap' avapoe; npooaxou
mlOlv eiK!l Taie; <l>iAOIe; moreUeTOIn) KOI a TO aVTlypa-
<jlel, TO KaetVa ano auo <jlope;, <jlUoiKa TO Aaeoe; nou alnpa-
a marllcTOI ovrl TaU opeOU mcrrlIH. (Aovaivo,
BpnaVIKo Mouoeio).
"-U-
(TOtTe '"'V 'Iov"-,-
aviJ" cnro Taln')-
a{ 'II;} rPOtP/-,'l/I'4-
Ole;; KaL Ter"roc;; ra-
80ve;; Kat TCr(1T]e;; e-
"ep'Yeu.<; KOIL <pOt,,-
TOIaia<; OOltP.OVW-.
oov<; "VKTOtC;;.
ill-'ipCt<;, 170'1 1701/
Taxv TCXXU, apT<
OtPTt C.PTI.
<jluAa)(To (13 x4,5 eK.) TO anoia !upia,
Beroea (Aleppo) "01 XpovoAoydTOI aTOV 20-30II.X. 01. H 10uAla-
va anaAAayd ano Kaee daoue; rpapPoK(c)ia, TOoO
ano 000 Kar ano Kor ono
KOeC naBoe; (appwoTla, Kuplwe;, ana TO CPWTlKO naBoe;), EVEp-
youoa Kal <jlavTaoio, KOJ VUXTO. H cno-
TWV !jOT/, raxu KaJ opn Kana lTTCpCOTUno
Tpono 01'0 TtAoe;
98
H KOINH AAAIA
Cl>nNOAOrIA KAI MOPcIOAOrlA
H OI0I-l0pqJWVETOl I-IE 1-110 aElpo WaVaaTaTlKWV aMaywv aTO
qJWVI1TlKO - qJWVOAOyLKO aUaTI1I-10 Tile; yAwaaoe;, OL KUP10TEpEe; an6 Tle;
onOLEe; ELVOl: a. 0 IWTOKlOjJaC;, 11 npoqJopo we; [i] I-Ilae; aElpae;
qJWVI1EVTWV KOl 0lqJ86yywv nou dxov npoqJopo. 'ETOl
auvsnOE 11 npoqJopo TWV l, E:l, 1) (n) aE: i, TWV 01, U aE U Kat 1-1810 aE: i.
LToue; nanupoue; 6ASnOUI-IE: 6Tl aUYXUOI1 TOU 1) I-IE TO E:l Kall,
onwe; Kat I-IE: TO E: Kat Ql (e) ona TO I-Iaa TOU 20u n.X. ot. Mavo 11 01-
qJ80yyoe; [01] TI1V apxaia npoqJopo YlQ va oUl-lnOE:l TO
[i] TOV 100 I-IX ot. ME TIe; E1;E:AL1;E:Le; OUTe; TO OWOEKaI-lEAe; OU01I1I-10
TWV qJWVI1VTWV Tile; Apxo[ae; (5 6paxa: ii, e, T, 6, U Kat 7
1-I0KpO: ii, e, ' I, 9, 9, u) a 1;OI-lEAe; (a, e, i,D, U, iJ) TO
onoio OlQqJSPL ana TO nVTOI-IASe; V0AAI1V1KO I-I0VO KaTO TI1V npo-
qJopo TOU U (u). 6. KaTopYl1011 Tile; npOOWOlae;: 0 I-I0UOlKOe; TOVIOI-I0e;
Tfle; Apxaioe; 0 onoloe; we; TOUe; npwTOUC; 1-1-
TOXPlaTlaVIKOUe; OlWVEe;, nopaxwPl1aE Til 8011 TaU aTOV
TOVLal-l0 nou laxUL Kat mll-lEPO 'IXVI1 Tile; TOOI1e; 6plOKOUI-I
aTI1V OIOAEKTO ana TOV 50 n.X. at., EVW 01 npwTEe; 1-I0PTUpIEC;
ana EmypOqJSe; KOI nonupoue; ovayovTol O1OV 30 n.X. at. y. Ta 0l1xa
KAElaTo oaoEo (!P, e, X ph, th, kh) Kat Ta I1XI1PO KAELaTo I-ISOO (6,0, y: b,
d, g) Tponl1KaV OE E1;OKOAou8I1TlKO (TpI6aI-lEVa). 6 0, 0lqJ80yyoi au
KQl W 0PXlaav va Til npoqJopo
af, an6 TOUe; nptJJTOUe; I-IETaXPLOTLOVIKOUe; atWVEe;, . To HALKO -
V OPXLOE va I-1l1v npoqJpETOt.
LTO 1-I0pqJOAoylKo [1lnoo 01 aKoAOu8e; KQlVOTO-
I-Ib:;: OUOla01lKO - wi8Ta: 0 TaU TEAIKOU -v Tile;
TWV npWTOKAlTWV Kat oun:pOKAlTWV apaEVIKWV KQL 811AUKWV KQL OTa
TpLTOKAITa: rov nan:pav, VUKTOV KQTO rov TOjJiav, 'iJ1lpav.
'01OV nauo va Ylvnat oloKplal1 ovol-lOa a l-IaKpO Kal 6paxsa au-
vnOE TO -av TWV TPlTOKAlTWV 1-18 TO -dv TWV npWToKAlTWV KQL TOl
axl11-1aTioTI1K8 apyoTEpa apOVLKOU 08 -ac; (0 Civopac; KaTO
TO vwviac;) KQL 811AUKOU 08 -a: yuvaiKa KQTO TO xwpa.
11 1-110061-111011 TWV naAQLWV TplTOKAiTWV a npWTOKAL1O msqJE-
p 010 KAITlKO aUOTIll-la TIle; 6. H
nAI18uvTlKOU TWV OUl-lqJWVOAI1KTWV -E:C; 1OUTlaTllK8 1-18 TI1V
ana TOV 30 n.X. al.: 01 xapm;e;, Tae; xapm;e;. Ana TOV 10 Il.X. Ql.
ouvavTall Trlv -e; KQl OTr)V TWV npwToKAITwv:
Tae; 17PE:pe; H I-lna<1>opa TTlC; KOI OTTlV oi 171lE:pe;, onwc;
aKpl6wc; 1-l0PTUpITQI ona TOV 60 Il.X. Ol. Y TWV
aTTIKaKAITWV. t,v XPTlOlI-l0no10 UVTQl ma Ol lIwe;, vwe; oMo
lIaee;, va6e;. 0 unOKOplaTlKWV KQl 1010[T-
po TaU -lOV (-IV), TO onoio tylv napoywylKO: -aolOv, -
aplOv, -aeplOv, -I%v. Mna60Ate; aTO PllllaTIKo oUOllllla: o. H KQTO-
n TaU 6' npoownou TTlC; (n.x. JlE:Yn, q>aivnl
aVTLKQTOOTa8TlK ana Til 0IlI-lWOTl -001' JlE:ywat, q>o{vwo/.
6. Ta a8I-lOTO O -pi nopoxwpOUV TTl 8taY) TOUe; 010 81.10TL-
Ka (-w): olow OVT[ olowfJ/.
An6 nou TOU 0
AvniJvn<; !l6yyo<;, npotpXTOI n TOlxoypacpia (30<; al. nou
naplUTaV1 Tn 8a va TOV ApnOKpOTn 'Opov),
To (nou O
TOU 40u-20u al. n.X.) n<; XPIOTlavIKtc;
napaoTaolC; napBtvou
Mapiac; TO 8;0 6pC<jloc;.
EnIITOi\H ITH MHTEPA (20e; ClL.)
AvrWVI<; Aov,/o; NEllovm [rJfl PIITpi Jl[J.]Lora xai1.!nv.
"ai c5ux Jlavro[<;] EiJxollai (Jat v'/Elaivnv. ro JlP0(JxVvlllla
(JOV [;rOl]w ;,ar' aixaor'lv qpai{!av ;ra{!a rrp "vl}i9J
[EElI]aJllc5El. YElVWiT'XlV om OE}.W on OU1. [I)kr]ICov ihl
avafJivu; d<; rqv I1'Ir:lIoJlohv. x[a]{!lV rovro 01',;;' fyo
ELoij<I>Oa d, ri/V ;roMv. aic5[v]o'01ro[u]p'lV c5i ilOdv ci,
on (JaJl(Jw, JrE(}IJlar(J. af'/(Jl.lIiJa (fOI on
yvpvo; dpL (Jal, P'Ir'l(J, c5[L]aMiY1ITi /WI. lOt-
JlOV o7.c5a ri [iyw;] aillavrrp Jra{!EU'J!Ipat. Jramai(b!,kvpat
xaO' 01' c5[ r{!()Jluv. o7.c5a on qpa(}l"lxa. ijxovua Jla(!a
ro[... J vpov r6v w{!Ovra (fat i:v rrp A(J(fatvodm ;cai axat-
(JEW; Jlavra (JOt c5111Y'Irat. ou" O[bCf on 8iJJ.u :r:'!goq ycvi-
orat Ei' yvovval OJrW<; rivf!(JOJllP [Elr[l] orpEilm ofJ(').Ol'i
(B.G. . S46: 1.120 nu rEDGA R).
veI:5o: NElJ.ollVn] PI/T(JU aJr' vrwvi(U A6v,;,ov vcloiJ.
o Avrwv'l' 110,/,/0, ani j./'1rEQo. rou Nel}.OV Jro}Jovc XWQE-
u(Jj./ov,. LOV EVl.O,UW va f-o/El<; m5.vra r'lv vywi oov. KaIJI)-
,ucQlva JrQoodrl.0,uw aEva oro\' (JeO 2:[120...". eow va
SEQcL, OU OE1' JreeiflEva lrW, 00. aVEf3WVe<; (fT'Iv .TQWTC1JOV
00.. n' avro ,,, EYW UeV f17r1i;ca (!TI)V Jroll). Nremo/wvva mi-
01)<; va EelJw (!T'IV Kafjavioa '/wri JlTlJ/lEVO; w;
y.ovQOw. LOV iY(iw/J(J. JlW, E(Uat I'V/lJlOe; D; na(Jww},w,
,u,!riQo., va av,Urpl).UJ.JO,c(:;uo.(tj./ov. 5iew n i"ava (!TO v 0."'"
ro /lov. Baoav{or'l"a onwe; ,uov stew on EOrpO,A,1. /Vic
n}.lleOcpOerwE 0 rllofiwwwe;;) au af avvavr'lac ow I>O/LO
AeOlvotT,/ xw 0011 ra ;raJITa "ara roono aXQL'
QO. LJEv nwe; neOUpOJ va yfvr'1 aay.01l1; ;Weo. Jla
stew on xewarw a.Y.0Il':J. OC CJ.l'(Jewno;
verso' J:r'/l"lriea NEd.ou wro TO 'ItO Til<; Avrwv71/JO,/;JO
Km6. T'IV yJcloLlcll 1'11:OX1'I, onu), ,,((L "mo. 1:I]V JtcQi.ooo nj
Kom'le;, I] oQOoygoqJl%'i JtClQo.maGll TIl yAwaau, lpllJ-
v'Inx11 - (jlwvo),OYI1<1I, eVW mlrteQa eLVaL L01:0QL"'). 0 rraJI1J-
120; aV1:6e; [lar; otxvn on um'lQXe xlia, , aVUllH)(l
01:''1v JtQoCjJogu "aL Til n:oQo.awalJ nlc y),wa-
oar;. 'EWl Ol avogOoYQmpi,; ,ou 01lvl6xtll
1:11; mltHOA1)r;. H OU,XUO'l av6flEOu aw " 'I, " ELVaL ;["'1\"1;,
rcQ6ypa Jtou (J'Il'Uh'H on OF-" '!LVUWV 1l,lhQIIl'J o"lv :TQIl-
((logo.: ,Tli.ora, v,/EIrt.!Jm11, Elfld, rl.va/11,'tr;, Ei uY(t 'I, )'l'(}l!I!<U,
"dOl). To LOW IOZVEl 'l/J. 1:0 'loUt HI OL(fOoyyo ac: our.
aiy.a.(Jrl}l', Ili1afQav, 0: vapEVl.C;, orcwe; %CIL YW Ta a -OJ: iyo,
u.i6vaonOV,LL'IV H XaT' ai"am,/l' OU OeV ,'-
vowv rcaV1:01: 1:0 OOOU orr01: 1.0U!IC )(CIL
TOV axgwe; arro XOLvwvlOy),.WOOO),OYI;<') UitO-
lp'1 U;1,:gOlOg8wpFvO fbo aux' iFmtov Olit avx ,)}.mCov.
Qc :TQor; 1:11 IJ.0Ql!'O).O:L<J asi!;" vu () on (HI) W,rl
KaQal'{oa EXELJIgOO1:8ft EX TlJlV lJ(J1EQWV VCl v }fOV OElZVfI.
II] aVClflWCJ a lllV umUH"li ,WV 1tQOHO"AI1:OlV xu,
tON 1:QLtOX).LT(JlV. orrwe; UrcljQI.CIV )(a8uguo1)IIICt-
VOL, 01 OJtOLOL ygm!Juv r'lv E}).a.oav. X(llJlIlflO1tOILWl U)(O-
alll Hle; XAll'IL"1.1);: ,WIlI/P, JtQOI(.U\'I;JC;
(lItO C10UvulJ.ta 'IOU OUOlfWUXO,\ II u.:t),OUO,CU1W'1
1:aOT] ELvm oaijn)e; xm mov tlho OLOEr; aY(L awea XCIL
YlIovvat avtl )'VWVQt.
XPIITOQ:lOPOl: XAPMAMnAI<Hi:
99
."'-"--""
H KOINH AAAIA
IYNTAKTIKEI KAINOTOMIEI THI KOINHI
'Eva aTTO Ta OKTW TT1VOKla TTOU oUyKpoToDv
.. ft CTJ.>Ts-
TO 0XOAIKO TOU vOpoD ETT04lpo-
..4 ,-; ... - f...'.}vk<"'" c-\ b'c- .:-4''' \,......-r>-y...c" Xii ..
NCI\ <.MN .... >\ ... tl.
nopltXol TTivOKO
I\..to .. I G"'" '\.'\. ... rovc... ....-rr>--
;<<........ ......... j,<.
TWV
<.',.......J..J'oI.o.J....r-J C>,.... ... 't.}co- .... """I"\,-::::..v-...oJ,.
1\...- :'-L..I\.<-> ..-l\.f4 .. .L..,'\:..,) r-J ,... -1 ).J...)...... J"'''''1.
TOU, OlPO Kal
... ..:... .. c-:' .... ..,h..r ...-t rn'-'...r:-
KCI yla
:',.*:-
f\"'"c- r':>',Uo.. f ..: /1.';'"t"q'"" C" i..-" K>:- f f r .,I.-
YAWOOO<; _....... : ).,4... ....,."............. o.J..: .. ,..-,.- --t
{! ,,"'!'_ "'-2-.- HI\..-'-'
'f'J)-...-.l CY1 i'.""", 1\::'':.of'-." r"''''t-' h. )-A'" ....... . ,(, ..... -,0-"
_ ..J 41 .-..1,... .. k.>->-.... ... '..!:.l ,.,..' , .Jo.....
to/ , )..JOo.l.,. '" '\'f\ .. t..>-.............h .\....., .....
c...: .... :,'-..
t.


-1.10"..1.... ,'/
'Evo OTTOTtAW TO
ylC OTTO TOV ZOV <l>pavoouo
TWV olyumloKwV lopOyAU<j>IKWV. !Tll (OTTO
114 x 72 oK.) 01 UoPYW[o<; TOU E'
TOU ETTI<j>ovou<; (205-180 TT.X.) KoraYP04l0VTOI OTO lpoyAU4l'KO
(14 Oolpt<; OTO movw OTO OIYUTTTIOKO (32
pc<;) KOI oro (54 Oolpt<;), To loPOYAU4l'KO aTTO-
TOAd TOU KOI 0XI TO OVTiOTp04l0, OTTW<;
uTTt6oo0V OPXIKO 01 BpnovlKoMouoio).
" ' .........,.t-II"'-uc-
J.. tt-Lfn-..r- .... ).. C". _, 'li-f'o J; .' .,,,,,,,,,,,'r-l
\\",........ _r.J ........ >..\, .. ',' ,.... r.r-.:H\.,. ....
4
\ ..: }qJd3-... ..c...Yl.. ....
. , , ' . .. 1>.xlpoO....
Ta OUOIWOll xapaKTllPIOTlKO TOU nTWTlKOU Tlle; No/o)'ll-
XOUV HI TOUe; OTllV KOTO HI na-
paTllpiTat UI1OXWPllOll Tlle; 11 onoia
o \.lll Aoyon:xvIKOUe; nonupoue; TOV 1o n.X. 01., npwTO ana Tllv
(anooTAw a) Kat OPYOTPO ana Tll (owaw aou),
olaTllPouVTatll8PIKO\.lovo KOToAomo Tlle; onwe; TOIC;
I-iTPI')TOiC;, 001 aGOC;.
To YVWpl08 IlYOAe; IlEToBoMe;, TOOO ana
000 Kat ana anOlj!ll. H11011 unoxwPllo, a<1JOu ov
Ilnopouoov mo va y[vouv aVTlAllnTe; Ol AnTe; 0l1lla-
OlOAOYIKe; Tlle; OI0<1Jope; ana Tllv
01 A8lToupyL8e; TaU \.lAAOVTO n8plopiOTllKOV 08
-"" \.l8yOAO BoSIlO ona n8pI<1JpoOTIKe; 8K<1Jpo081e; tva
',1.' + i'.xw+onOpIl<1JOTO OOpiOTOU, 8Aw,
6qJfAw,I-iAAw +onOpIlOTO, i'.a0l-ial +
8V8OT(.lna, K,O, a nOpOK8i\.l8VOe; m:plop[OTllK8
ona TOV OOpIOTO, 0IlWe; \.lyOAll
0Tl we; npoe; Tll TWV OUO xpovwv,
oAAoyte; napOTllPouVTOI KOI OTll TWV
8YKAI08WV H 0PXI08 va
pi \.l8 payoolo puS\.la, M8 Tllv 8l1IKPOTllOll
TOU IWTOl<IO!.JOU ouvtnwov01
-EtC; m:nc;, -11(01 n, M8 TllVKOToPYllOTl
Tile; npoowoiae;TOUTLOTllKOV TO yp0\.l\.lO-
TIKO fa / -W)JV, /
Wl-ial. ol-i8a / -wl-i8a, -DVTOI /
H TOUTIOIl -
08V 8l111ptoa8 Tie; 08U-
T8P8UOU08e; npOTOOIe;, 01
OUV080IlOI \.l8 TOUe; onoioue; 106yo-
VTOV (l'va, av, OTOV, K,An,) oVAoBov
Til AITOupyio nou 8iX8 npUnUT8pa
11 tYKAIOll H ov tX8
KOAUTPll TUXll. f'o,v mo 8U-
KOAO va OlaKp[Vl Kovde; AmTte;
011\.lOOlOAOYlKe;
ei Si:Aolr; (unaSwll) KOI
i6v Si:Anc; (npooooKio) nOpOTIl-
PElTOI IJElWOIl TUnWV (MlOO/PI,
Alioalpl, AE:AUKWC; E:ooiW)V, AE:Au-
aoipl7v, K.O.) KOI onWAEIO 0PXI-
KWV 0IlIJOOlWV
OMWV EYKAioEWV. To XOOIJO nou
TOV ypomo anaTOV npo-
<pOPIKO AOYO <polvETol K080po
OTIl KOI Til oUXVOTIlTO
KOTO Til
01 OTTlKl-
Til XPIlOlIJOnOIOUOOV IJEXPI
EVW Il
yAWOOO TOU AOOU TIlV OYVOOUOE
OUOTIlIJOTlKO.
H TOU onoplJ<PoTOU OUO Ano Til
IJla /lPla Il TOU nplopIOTIlK
KOI ono Tllv aAAIl OUXVO we; OVOIJOTIKO (EVOpSpO) ono-
pEIJ<POTO. HOVTI<p0Oll PIJIlVUTOI anaTO OTl TO npw-
TO !jlOlVO/lVO OTIl IJTOYEVSOTPIl OIlIJWOIl yAWOOO,
VW TO OEUTpO OnOTAEl XOPOKTIlPIOTIKO YVWPIOIJO TOU AOYOTEXVI-
KOU LTIlV Il TOOIl
OE OUTEPUOUOO npOTOOll, Il OVO-
AUOIl ElVOI anAouOTEPIl KOl o0<PSOTEPIl ana Til TOU
onOp/l!jlOTOU IJE LTIl SXOUV OIOTIlPIlS[ IJEpl-
KO onapSIJ<pOTo, KAIVOVTOI OIJWe; KOVOVIKO we; OUOlaOTlKa: TO !/Jo(y)i,
TO !/JIM < !/J0YE:/V, !/Jlt\E;[V. H
IJE KaIVOTOIJIe;: OE OIlIJWOIl KElIJVa npOTlIJO-
TOI 11 OPOEVlKOU va AOIJ6aVT0I unoljJll TO
TaU unOKI/lEVOU Tile; npoTaorK cmOTOAKaIJEV 001 yuvaIKa <pEpWV
001 Thv TOU 30u IJ.X. Ol.). XPIlOlIJOnOiElTOI Enl-
Il OUSOPIJIlTO AoIKO OTOIXIO Alownoe;,
40 C 14 ,,'0 ot Thv nopolvwlV ... h
... OVE61l", rEVIKO OTIl ouvSEOil TOU A6you Il napaWSll KSP-
EOO<pOe; OE 6apoe;
H oUYXUOIl KOI 0 TWV prWOTlKWV
Tunwv TEAIKO Til yAwooa O IJla anAouoTEPIl KOTO-
anaTO UPUTPO AoiKO OTPWIJOTO KOI ; ,
o (1907-1978), enD navlTI-
KOI
El1IITOi\.H TOY
ITON ALlENI?OTOY MA=:IMO,20 at.
LE/JJr{JOJvw; MagijJ'(J r0 aodq;rjJ nX[EjiaTa Xai{Jw. Jr{Jo
rwv oJ.wv ipwa9i aE djxojJaL. jJcriJ.IlfJov ou fJafliw; oov-
J.EV[ov}u rill' xV{Jiav iJjJwv jJ1]riflav. ipwr1]OEi; IJ.Ocl<{!E
y),vxvraraL, i:v jJ1]onEi avri", )JJJ'(EL' d /hirEt; rwv afJt:J.-
(prov avuJiyEL autfj, oiJ oq;dJ.EL; amov; i<o).alpi!;n[vj
fj01] yaf! nariJ{J orpi).E;; xaMllJOaL. brEi-majJE on XWf!i;
HOI' Y{JajJjJarwv jJov fJvvaro; dOomfi aflioE, aJ..JiJ. WI fJa-
(Jiw; xE floV fiX l'flafljJara vovOcroiJv[rjnx l)rpU.OjJEV
yti.(! OifJWOE ri}v rEi<ouoav OJ; OE[ovj, jJrI),t:IIJTa rOUJ:1'Jr/fv
oJoav ayafhjv. raUra OOt E->/f!wjJa, iiOWpE, ilrfll1UX/II:l'0r;
rill' yJ.tf',(aoiav nov y.v[fli}wv yoviwv. xa)wr; ,T[ojn/atr;
YflliljJar; JJOt lrEf!i rry; o[wrj1]{Jiar; ujJ[wjv. E[Jgwao JJOl,
iJ.fJclrp.
verso; alrofJor; Ma;ijJ9J am) LEfIlrflWviov afJEJ.lpou.
(RoE.G.,1919 (1.204:1.121In) nmGAR).
o 2:E/illQ(VVWe; oroI' aodq;o rov M6.l:,t,uo (o,ilvu) no},-
J.oue; ;<aLQEnollOUe;. D(>,ina an' oh, EVXO/lW I'adow xlii,:.
nJ'1]QorpoQr,e1]"a onEX,UEWAA'">'WrE fJrJ.Qui rryv o<vQia 1"7-
riQa /lac;. 1:E naQw<a).w, yJ.VxVWfE aJdrpi, va ,u1]v r1]
OTEVOXwQcie; xaeoJ,ov' av or"ci.t'ow; ana W uQiJ.rpw. rile;
avn,uu,a, orpEihtc; wv va rov" r\llO)QEic;. [wri cav .'Qhu
nw vu ovo,untcaw nariQa;. 2iQw on){Q.L xWQie; W YQa,u-
,uara /lov ,/",OQEle; va dow Gl!wrOC; !J' avnl aHa ,1l7J
eXifJww yw W YQa,u/i.aro. ,aov nov OE vovenovv' ywri
orpci},OV,UE va !J[fJrJ.llaau T1/ fI,/reQa aav OEO, ,ua},I.ow aVrli
nov civw rooo "ai"i. Avra aou aJdlpi, yvwQit;o-
vrac; TI/v ay6.m7 rw'v natouvv nQoe; rove; YOVSlc:;. Ka),u. 0"
xaVEte; va flOU YQal/JEtC; yw rI/V vycia !Jae;. X aodrpi.
verso iVa OOOE/ mov MciI:,L/lO ana rov aoc!.q;o 2:F,ucrQcuvw.
H EltL01:0).Jl wmoSl1alo. Xal111v a.v8gwmci.
IOU ,!WU, "WU LqUgWVlOU. nou bEV tI '),f;[ va
01EvOXWgouv w a6f\cpw Illl.lllTEQa10U. DUQ'" tllOjETl%li
[io9"WGJl1f01J bux8EW,'XUVEiugxuclorpu) law.H oUYf"V
01l 010 EQ(Q )WrJi1E XQI 10 T'1V ,[goam-
Xl[;oj XUlTO anaQE!-,qJCHo Eivm fa
-,lll QliWt1a (QWVVV/U) iWQ01JOlci.1;ouv o1Jaxo),l x),l-
all ".mclQXLOav vaavwwOlo1(,vWI anoaV1la10LXD. Oqm-
nxci (QW1'VUW) Ii auvwvu!-'H. H bom!l] AElIOUQ'!El aX(\lu
W JTO),U '!VWOH;)V grl!-"clTWv (6,7'-
},;';-w, oeioxw), iWQanTj),a, XVllOlllOnmfl1:(J.L aE
IUJWnOl11!-,EVES EXCjJQa.OEii;, OL O:TOlES Ofl.x.vOUV onOl ((IT).OL
civ0QwnoJ bEY ELXav 1:11 ).lt01JQylaC;tl]e,()!HIlS
),.1... (rw :"Q()w!Jo .UOL (xai VyiULl'E) !tOU fJf.EnOU,tE ws xura-
OE anElQciQlSpE; muno).(.
To aJ[l(gf.f"pmO XQl1aLflOnolrlWL OE nOAu YVWOlES rLfQL-
(Oq;EiJ,W, JVI'arav EOrL), EI'W 11 TIle; PElOX1'1
ELVUI llE buomglJ(HOUElC; WcpU),+lEV'] (i:QWTJIOti;. )'Qcbi'IlC;).
H ((LTLfJ.uzli .ul7rieav aVTl,w/rEQU bELXvCL OU :lQW10Ki".,ct
X((L TQuoxi.lW OVyxEOVl:aL.
XPIHOcDOPOL: XAPAMMnAKHL:
101
HE:"RY GEORGE LIDDELL
ROBERT SCOTT
AGreek-English
Lexicon
S'" 1:!J!.SRY STL'ART
WITll THI!. n!'
With a Supplement
edildby F:. .-1...
To yKUpoTpO Apxaiae;
ivol TO AYOPVO Liddell-Scott (auVTopoypaq>ia LSJ):
Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford, 91940 (p
rrpoo<paTO TO ouprrMpwpa TOU 1996). To aUTo
tpyo iX pnoq>paOTi OTO vta TO 1906: Miyo MF,iKOV
dAI)VIKrye; yMIOlTl)e;. To O 2 TOpOUe;
arro TOV K. KOI cm6 opMa <p'AoM-
YWV p ITIoTaoia TOU n. 1972-1977.
11111 l 1I11l1t IWI' 11111
MfrA A[:IKON
THr
[ AA-H HIKHIrAn lIMI
In.IilllI UmIIIIJW 111
rl /,\OQov ,.,

I.
W\ OOMDA itrnMT"I'KJM lAJQI: M.:tDn lUlJ WPUl;(lft
MO'm1Jl" lIN Wotl'nlDIrrl'tJa'
MlXAHII KQrTANTlNl6.0Y
,...,.. """""
L
" I, r, A

OlJl:OI "lW!PtJl.
O6Or :TA-'.jQY ...-,otOfOW
H KOINH AAAIA
TO AE51AoriOTHI KOINHI
KOTO H!V m:plOOO Hle; II yAwooa qmAouTlOTIlKS Xl-
AlOOSe; KOlVOUpYlSe; onwe; vo OlomOTWOSI KOVsle; PlXVO-
VTOe; onAWe; KOl IOIOiTSpO OTO (Supplement)
TOU Tile; Apxoiae; TWV Liddell-Scott-Jones_ H ovovtw-
Oil KOI 0 TOU tYIVS W: TT]V vtwv OT]-
OS 0PXOlSe; H OlsLJpUVCJTj TWV 0PXOlWV
siVQl MSPlKO II opxoio
eM;yxw, anooelKVUw KOt II vto: raAamwpw'
Bio /-lovr,p'7 - yivO/-lal /lovaXoe;, KaAoY'7poe;' O(/JOPlOV: OpeKTlKO, npoOfpo-
yl KOI (/Jope M Tllv sniopoCJTj TOU nOAAte;
OnOKTOlJV vto enioKonOe;: KarooKonOe;, a em6Atnwv - avwra-
roe; r'7e; EKKA'7oiae;. MSPlKO vta r1Qpoywya KOI OUV610:
onwA-eta, emray-r" Karo/K-ia, apxovr-tOoa, /-laraiO-r'7e;, onovr'7o-Ie;.
eAe'7/-lo-ouV'7, Korr-wv, Krr,r-wp, OiK-taKoC;, oep/-lOr-lVOe;, tmouO-IOe;, no-
B'7-roe;, onaraA-ow, OUVOO-UW, oorox-ew, (OVTt
KaBaipw), arplep-ow. ivol KOl TO OUV810 0- OUV81IKO
np06tOSle;: ouvavrIAa/-lBavO/-lOi' 10 OTepllTIKO a-: anpoOlroe;-Ta
E:U-, ouo- K.O.: euapwroe;, OUoep/lr,vwroe;.
01 neplOOOTepSe; ana ne; nou nap08tooiJS, KQl XlAlOOSe;
oM.u;, sm6lwvouV OTllv KQl TIe; OIOA8KTOUe; Tile;.
nOAAte; ono ne; Tile; nou 01 OTIlKIOTte; we;
6op6opee; KOt xuoale; 6plOKOVTOl OS SUPUTOTIl
'Onwe; OTO XPOV10 Tile; botKQl oTWSpO aonpoc; OVTl
AWKOe;, KOKKlVOe; oVTI epuepoe;, /-laye/peio oVTi onrovlOv, nAuvw oVTi
vimw, (o)(/Jopr(ov) oVTi ixBue;, K.a H nopoAAllAll AOYIWV KOI
nKwv KOI UOAOYlKte; (nx
AE:UKOe; OiKOe; - oonpoe; oav ra yoAara) Xl TT]

01 Tile; OVOYOVTOl KOTO KUPlO MyoOTll KOI
OSUTSpSUOVTWe; OTIlV YAwooa OSV enllptooeTOOO
nOAU TO Tll<; 000 II !\OTIVIKrr Aeyewv, npOlrwplOv,
Kaioap, KoAwvia, OOUoapIOV: /-lavriAI, J1E:/-l6pov'7, /-liAlOV, i5'7VOpIOV.
LTOUe; nonupOue; OpK1e; Tile;
opyevroplOe; (apyupoXooe;), BpaKoplOe; (aurae; nou
BpOKe;), KeAAoplOe; (anoB'7KOplOe;), !JC1K;';'.OpIOV (KpwnwAeio),
I
6wriov (evOU/-la) , ooyiov (J1c'{poe; /-loAArvoc; /-lGvouac;), K.O. 01 AonvlKte;
000 iVOl OUVOTOV OTO KAl11KO Tile;
I
KAr,/-l'7e;, -evroe; < Cleme(n)s, -ntis APK10 iVQl KOI 10 f.lT0-
POOTIKO OOVSlO: E:KarOVrapxoe;: centuria, epyaoiav OIOOVOl: operam dare.
H KUptOTSPll TT]e; sivOi T] naAOlo KOI T]
KOlVf] LltaBr,K'7 H TWV OQVSlWV
ivQl onovla: IaBawB, woavvo. npoKslTOt Yla
06VSIO. H npoownb os nOAAte; OT2psoTuns<;
eKpooele;: np6 npoownou TlVoe;: /-lnpooro OE: KonolOv, uioe;: oro/-lO
(ui6e; trwv E:Karov).
H WVOAOylKWV, OUVTOKTIKWV KOI
AOylKWV TIl<; neplMou anOKaAUnTSl on01 TT]e;
VSOAAllvIKi)e; ovayovTOI OTO XPOVlO Tll<; nou onooel-
KVU1 Til Kat oOloanOOTIl nop[o KQl OUVtXIO Tile; EAAllVlKi)e;
yAWOOOe;. ,a
102
fPAMMATOY NAYTH ATIIQNA
LTON llATEPATOYETIIMAXO (20;I-IX m.).
;4niwv 'E.TIIJl1X(1J r(1i nUT(Ji itai ;W[!i(9 n}'iUTO
Xait.JfLv. ;rpo "in' ml''f(ov t:ir/.o"ai ut: llywivnv
xa! JtI:' Jtuvro,tple]w,uivovmnr/.t:tl',una try,
dij(;).lpryr;,uou;wi nj,Ovyat(Jor; ovtijr;xai tou
d8cllpoiJ ,u0V. dJxa(}un:liJ tJ xVP;(1J 'I:t;{!amb,
litt poiJ xlVJVVt:vuovro, d, iu(Oucv
F;vOiw;. otE duijW01'rir; M'IUT/vou" &f3upw.-
T!XOV nupa KuiuU(Jo,Xl!vuofJr; rpt:i,. "a; xuJ.w,
poiioTtv.EpWTW UF; oiN, itvgu!pOV IwrJj(J) Y(JrJ:r/lov POL bnUTolwv)iT(}liJtovpiv
Jugi rij, u(OT7Jpia, uou. bevTEgov ;rE(J! rfir; twv i.t.8EJ.lpwv pOV, Tg[tlTOV Iva uou
,TgOU'/'In-rjuW Ti}vxiQav, OT/,uE maibwuar;xaJ.wr;ita!ix. ToUrav TaxiJ n[!o-
"OUC!.l rwvOEWV OF;).OvrWV.
aUiTaua! Karrirwv(a n]o)J.a "aitov,a8EJ.povr; (P]ov i(ui LE[!J'TVi]iJ.av"aiTO[Vr;]
rpiJ.ov, 1'01vI vupl/!a UO[l E!]XOVlV p[ov] Jla EVi(Tlj,uovor;. EU[T]l bi1'0" Uvopa
ih'Twvlr;
fpf!liJOOai UE wxo,uaL KEVTVf!i[a]'AfJ1jvovixl}.
l'er:ro: Eir; eJ>tJ.aJEJ.(piav "RiTlpa/.{o altO ;4iTi(Ovor; viov. 'AmJbor; dr;xwpr'lvITg/pav
'AnaplJv(ov10u).wvovAv(;1 altOAxiwvor;wun'Empdx(o lCaTf!i a"'ToiJ,
(B.G.U. 2.423: 1,112 HUNT - EDGAIt).
oAlliul1'UTOV :I(I'ny.oroynarE:(!U roui(0!"vQworO.vElJloV.aXO!QEtio)iaw- n{iw-
TO Oil'oi,aoovEVXO/Wl va ixne; uYEla, 01J1'afl'l "atwTVXia rl/vaodrpJjflOU,
rl/vxO(JI/ II/r;Xat wvaocArpoflOU. uxa{!,arw rovxU{iW LE{!OJaOa, 0 onoior;,u iowa,
a,uiawr;,UO)L[' XLVOVVEUOO arl/ OoJaaao. 'Orov '{[aaO/-IE oro"(JlImlvOVr; [NavoTaO-
flOS xOVTa 0 ''1 >IECliCOlell HIS IWlclas] mig(lro OOono{!(xo./lOV /;000CJ.no rol'Kaioa-
[JU, rQio XQuaa VOpiO).lOro, )101 EiflOl xa)o.. 2Ena{!CJ.xoJ.w lama'!', XUQLf ;rarigofWv,
/-I0v.uta /-I,xQJj fllLOWAJj JfQWrol' (ywva wiew) Yia fr/" uydo OOV, OI'Vt{!OV
yw rl/v urdarWl' aoEJ.q!lnv,lIOU, rgirov ylO va aou <Ptl'IOU) w)rr)LXG. to XiQ(
/-I0v iOwaEC; IW)"1 ovor{!o({11xwYL' O"TO vanQo%o1pw YQIj;'oQaf'E f1] (3oJje"a
rwvOtcn".
novaIpLi"o. owvKonLrwl'a "w rovr; O(\E).rpOVC; /-I0v xaL TIl 'i:QqviJ.2n %01 rove; pi-
),our; /IOU. 20U iow},opta onlxovwJj{lovf' rov Evxtll,uova.. To (vio){lOV ovapa
Ei"wAvun1'qe; LOllU7.0/-lW l'a ixw;vydo.KE1'nl{!iaA8qvovixrr
verso: l'TlJ r[J,),OOElrpEW orov anoro yw TOV AJliwva. No. ooOdUT1]V nQuJrI7
xoogT11 [UTQcmwuxo 'In'IIW] rwvA,Ta,ll1jvwv orovAV(fWVLO) 10v)[(1vo, rov YQa/-i/IQ-
riaOliO rovAlliu;vaywrovnari{ioroy Enif1axo.
oVfOOV)),fY.WS A1ItWV orel,vELw YQGI-II-IU IOU an:o wuMLOllvovowv1laTe-
Qn TUIl [ni!lUXO,lWU 011] <'l>,),aOE),qJ W. tllSAl.yumou. TOll 11:QoqJavw;
flo ow),fldxc 'lOll WtOu,et),CL.To QWflaLxo 11:0ll O.ap;fl'rWV'AVTlD-
MI1;;"li)S (Anconiusi\1aximlls).
To I,CSV,OyLO UVOl aQxfTa 11:),OVOIO flo fvl'JlClepEQOUOlS VEfS 'EQwrw: naQa-
'(0),(,). l'(orr/(Jio:vydo. 0,VfQ)'OY'WLOL elVaL 1lo),v 1l QbOOOt QOl: To EUXO{!wriiJ XQ'IOl-
[lO:lO'CtWI 011:W; )Wl m'lflfQa on) 0EOll 101) aQxalou oloa Xclelv. To [,:()iwe; 01]1IClLVEL
ClI,frrWr;. To rt%OVIV IiEv CjIalvTOl va EXClllltoxOQwux11 o1]f1.aola, 11 01l0layEvI-
Xr.VETaL OTOll; c:n:OiIEVOll; mwvc;. OL ),anVLXEC; LIiWLT QCI ltO 10 OTQClTlOJTI)(')
hCII.OyLO, ELVUl aQxETES, 1lQaYl-la nepov 0E1tlOWI.OYQGqJOS l':t1](1Tfl oro
QOJflciLxO Va1JTlxO. BU:lrIJ'Ov: OOOL.iWQIXci (OVyXQlV via: 'I ooor;). }(vTVgia:
?coxoe; xaro ovo(Jwv, oJ),aorovnunxoTOuTll;nCll1-1 nJ.oio (foOl tonAoio OVO!.I<'Il;-
Wl'A()'lvovi",!).XWQrl/ (coho/s): WOixaroTllr; ),EyEW1'a,. nQI/W:nQwr,!. /1l{3lciQlOr;:
oYQo,ulwriar;(libra/ius).
oTunos xiQav [lljlavl1;EL [e] aVTL [i1 ,LIE Tll" 11:QOOOI1)(11 EVO; -1', 1IQaYl-la nOli 0l1paiv L
onelFYEVlXEmEL 0 'l1S TWV tQI.tO"ALTlllV }lara TO nQoHoxAl-
TO. HXAlltLXlj E1laUO va)"mouQyELOlOV auOOQl-l1llO11:QOqJOQlXO ),oyo,OitO)S o lxv L 11
aun.llallIInTlIQ - JlOrEQ. 0 nOQUJWS f;' TOU )CJ./,{36.vw 1-1 Tllv
-a o.vTl Ov, XOTa w ijvEyxa, Eln. LW OllVTaXTlXO E1tlJlElio lin yi.VtOl o,axQIOll
avafll'Oa OTll mG011 xaL t1lv xLv11m]: 06.),aaov, iv Oalaoo.'1, TO
auv1aooETOL fliw EOCjlaAilEva fIE aitnQEflCtaro aOQlmou oyrlflEnovw.
TaU awu HTOV 1WV AIYu-
miwv, a TaU -
KOI TOU nAOUTWVO. 0 nAou-
(]IO ITO np6awno TOV
lila. ITO KC<l'OAL <pcP! TOV KciAo60. nAouTou
E6vLKO ApXOIOAoY'KO Mouado).
Boa/KO Y'O TWV nonupwv anOTE-
Ad TO tpyo TOU nLtpavou, nanupoA6you E. G. Turner, EAAryVlw;
T/111TUpal. Mncitpp. r. M. napciaoy),ou. 1981.
Kd. TURII1I
XPIITOcDOP02: XAPAMMnAKHI
103
I , t D l r l u Y Y 9 u I , t D l r l U l D l l p 9 1 n V , , ' 3 0 1 1 < y J ' ( D r l X I D 0 l d A 9
1 1 0 1 D Q 9 ' ( ' ( 3 U H D ' ( 9 r l X I D U : 9 > 1 l r l 0 1 l 1 ' ( O U 9 ' ( ' ( D ' D Q 9 ' ( Y 3
I I U l 3 0 U l > 1 ; J 1 D > I U r l < y J d H ' ( X U ' l D : : > O Z ) I I U l 1 0 ) 1
D Q 9 ' ( ' ( 3 I I U l D : : > D ] O n o j 3 : : > U l L t o ( 1 ) ! D d Q 3 U 3 0 l t A d ( 1 0 1 r l U Q D ] O U O
I I L n D ] d 0 1 0 l U - D ] d O l D l U o A 9 Y 1 1 0 1 D d 3 1 9 A d V ' : : > U o D ] 1 I 1 1 3 A
- D d A ( 1 ) 3 A : : > U l u o u l d l ) l I n o : : > D Q 9 Y Y 3 ' I " J : : > U l 1 I ( 1 ) > I ] O U D 1 1 ( 1 ) 1
D o o < y J ' ( A U l O 1 I < y J > l l l l 1 l D Y U O n Q o p l Q u r l l < y J d u U ' D < p o d l O ) l I 1 V
1 0 1 3 d ( 1 3 0 n Q : : > D ' { 9 I > 1 I D I I ! 3 U o ( 1 ' i 7 U l O : : > P S D r l O I l U ' ( ' ( 3 1 0
I D n o g n O l D l ! d 3 U n O > l d 9 I " J n O l 0 l 1 l 9 d X 0 1
9 1 3 r l 9 1 U S o I D ] 3 d ( 1 ) X O U I l D I I i 3 ' ; ? ! X d D < y J 1 I 3 ' D I I < y J l D 9 > 1 1 1 l 0 l l D l d X 0 1 3 r l o l < y J d u
1 1 0 1 9 U D : : > U m r l 9 > 1 D ) 3 r l l t o 1 3 1 1 X P Q D I 3 S 9 r l O I l U ' ( ' ( 3 H ' ( s m p a o w ' S n J . l S 1 3 J 1 3 d
' 1 3 U a e : J S ) n O l 9 1 , ( 9 I 1 d 3 < P D d D U D l I D > I O ! g 9 > 1 1 1 1 0 Q U 1 1 0 1 0 ' ' ' : : > 3 1 1 ' ; n U r l n 0 9 0
: : > 1 1 0 : : > ( 1 ) ] d n > l 9 ' ( ' ( D ' ( e 8 0 8 e x a ' 1 3 l j S s a d 1 3 J I ' 1 3 I S I 8 0 / ) " : : > 3 1 1 ) ) U r l " : : > 1 1 0 ' ( s m s / p
' 1 3 J I S B 1 3 / B d ) 9 r l o 1 1 U ' ( S D 1 1 0 1 0 ' ( 1 3 J a 1 3 L j : J e W ' S n L j i 1 3 , { : J ' S n p 1 3 : J ) 9 1 d n > l O > l 1 0 1 1
O l D ' ( 1 3 W m n 1 3 / B ) I I U l D ' ( s n J f ! p n e U ' 1 3 i n 1 J U ) 0 1 > 1 3 ' ( 9 1 < ; > L n o
: I ) O l I 1 D U : : > L u
: : > 1 1 0 1 D 1 1 1 0 A I ) O > l D 1 ) > l l y A A D D 0 9 9 > 1 1 I l U ' ( ' ( 3 D 0 9 1 0 1 O I X D ' ( n O l
n O l n 0 1 1 ) D ' ( U n O l D ) Q ( 1 ) r l ( 1 ) > I O l r l
D I I O l A 0 1 n o u : : > u r l < y J d : : > U 1 0 1 9 1 d D l 3 ' ( o d u 0 1 l D > I 9 Y ' ( D
' 1 0 o O ( 1 ) ' ( A J Q 9 > 1 1 1 0 0 l o n O I D I I J 3 1 0 ] D r l ( 1 ) d I O j O Q 9 ' ( 1 < P 9 > 1 1 r l 0 1 l 1 ' ( O U I D > I 9 > 1 1 1
- I ' ( O U 1 0 X u O l D o z 1 1 0 1 0 ' D ! f l X 3 1 0 A o ' ( I I U l 9 > 1 1 1 D r l u l D n o
l D l l 1 l ) O r l l r l : : > j 3 < P D d A A n o 1 0 ) D r l ( 1 ) d 1 0 : : > < y J 8 D > I ' l D 1 3 1 1 ] 3 1 f 1 3 l t o n Q o ] 3 1 Q U X U
' I D O S f l 0 1 9 U D 9 y ' ( D ' D 1 D r l < y J d l D 1 ) > 1 1 1 1 ( 1 ) 1 1 1 0 > 1 D d 3 1 < y J l D > I 0 1 9 U D 9 > I 1 X d o
l D > I X U ' l D o g 1 1 0 1 l D 1 1 1 ( 1 o A o ' (
- o f l o d X 0 l 3 f 1 9 Q D 1 < y J d u D 1 ' : : > D ] ' ( 3 ) 1 1 1 : : > U 1 l D > I : : > D ] ' ( 0 1 I ( 1 ) 1 1 ) 1 : : > U 1 1 0 > l I O U 9
: : > 3 f 1 U , ( , ( 3 , 1 0 1 ) > l 1 f l 1 1 D , ( D l O : : > 3 1 ( ! J d u : : > 1 1
H l I I N I . 1 V V I n H l I I N H V V 3
, ; / I V , ; / V H
t O I
' ' ' 1 0 U O " M ! I J ' _ 1 1 0 n l l u n m q
l O Y . Y . 1 Y ) l ( \ 0 1
- i , 1 ) J J 9 1 : 0 ' S m x n d J o o 0 1 1 !
- O l ! - e U I 1 E l - 0 J a B J D 1 l 1 0 ? X l 0 / l ( \ Q D I 0 1 . ) l 9 1 ! 0 B u } i l g O A ( o ) i l - ) X
- 1 ) 1 n O l o ) d J l l o " O X 0 1 0 1 U 3 l ' < I . ? l i 0 1 3 1 y ' 3 1 : ! ' 5 1 3 0 n O n y . 3 l ' J 1 3 3 . ; J Y
n O ; ' 9 ' ( ( W " 1 1 l ' 1 . \ 1 0 0
n n 9 8 , i 3 0 m S O l o r i o l } l ! O o n J
( l 0 1 5 3 9 9 0 0 5 u o 1 1 9 9 y ' I 1 0 1 i l l l " r . O O D X m i l ] ]
0 1 3 1 i 9 ' 1 . 1 ] . 3 X . o P O b 9 0 0 X l l I J n 0 1 0 ! ' ( 9 1 9
( l 0 1 1 3 , \ } I M 3 1 1 1 9 9 Y . l l 1 V ) 3 0 0 d J o o L t ' { 1
' M 0 ' C ( l ? ' l O Y . ' 5 m l / ' o % ! I ( } V Y . ( w l 1 0 3 1 1 n 0 1 9 , i r l D O i ,
- " < ; 1 0 0 1 0 5 9 ) ( 1 1 1 ' ( O l l l O Y . 5 0 0 0 1 \ 1 0 5 0 ' ( 9 k 3 r i 0
O % O ' l ) W
, 1 0 1 ' n o r ! 0 1 , ( , / . O W ( Y ) D ' ! ' 0 3 1 d Y I J 0 1 l J < t ' l ) l D m D ' ' ' < t r o l I 1
- ' I ) % I I ( } n x 1 0 3 1 1 " m l t J 3 5 0 p J 1 a ' 5 r o M ' I ) 1 1
' l ) l r ! V Y . 5 1 3 1 . 1 I t l J 1 Y . 5 ( 1 ) 1 % 3 ' W I 1 I J t j j o 0 1 3 1 i 1 3 ( ) O Q O l ! . l J V < t 1 3 1 1 .
- 1 0 1 : 0 1 1 ( 1 ) V ! Y O [ } 1 I b l i o ' l ) l 1 i V % r o l l < t 3 Q ' O ' { l J l
3 1 i ' l ) y . 1 H 7 . n n O D 1 } r i U l , ! , 0 3 0 1 m l . O D O ' n O l ,
( ] . O u 5 1 3 D ' I ) 1 1 J 1 0 3 1 c 5 1 1 m % 0 1 m l .
O J v ' ( 1 } d m < V I I } 1 V 1 3 < t ' l ) g l i v y u J n : 0 l Y f N J 0 1 : I 1 V 1 3 < t ! , ( 0 0 0 1 .
a l l ! . O D 9 1 3 < t , , ? % 0 1 , L O l l D 3 ' ( 9 y . l J < i n u m y . ' ( Q ' ( l J % l J i J T J l
3 0 ' v 1 < l l p n o y . ' l ) 1 n ' V % ( } O 3 1 % 1 1 0 1 5 3 1 1 ' ( M l , 1 7 a 3 J l " U l " a u ' l i f / t
- U Y J 0 3 1 l V 1 1 1 1 . 1 Y J 3 1 D n . 0 1 i V " 9 o % v ' ( V I / > , / . 0 1 o o m 9 ( 1 ) < t u ( ) v I t O l D
v f / t l J o , ( l m Y . a O l O J Y [ } l g 0 1 . ' 1 1 I O Y J 3 1 D n o r i l J < t l J ' ( 1 1 , ( , { ' I ) O V l l
' < t 0 1 : J Y . J O , ' ' I ) U O I I I S ; ) I I l n S I " : 0 ! l ! / ! 1 I 0 J J J I ] U I ; ) l m )
r p " m d J O o a l ! 3 p , 1 0 / 1 1 3 / ( ( 0 l l d I J J S I l I p 3 S , ' p n ! l 0 1 1 / P l n b
I S l I l ' l i S , I I I / J P u f O , u ! l l b O l ! q n p I I O U ' S J J i ! V l l b a u o
- ! l d ! D S I l ! 3 p p O l i b 5 0 l < t o x ! ' o v Y . < t 1 O V 1 D ? i J J 1 ! 1 0 3 U
I S 3 0 3 " . 1 ' U l I 1 l U ! J r J I I W l 1 b } I I s 3 8 0 1 l a 3 J 3 1 J O / { 0 : J I U ! l a , ! U l 3 1 1 b
' 0 1 J a d S X 3 i ! V l l b , ' 1 3 J 3 1 1 1 " 1 m v y p d J 3 y . a U l p o J f J , s d i D S U l n < t
- l o J W l l J o p O u a ' / I V p I } 1 3 ! , - l ! S S a J . J O U I / l J q ! / S l i p 1 1 1 U a J / W 0 8 a
( X U H 7 A O l d 8 I < \ ! 3 0 N
0 ) { U 1 V N O l i V N U d 3 ) J D ! " , O J . H V O l i I U : : J :
' ( O I 3 D n O V l l ' U Y O U 9 N ) " " Y 9 U
A U l 3 D Q O I O J l 0 l 1 J D u d X O A A 0 1 9 1 0 " 9 " "
- U Y Y 3 0 1 3 1 1 9 Y O "
n O l l 0 1 0 1 1 l l 3 d 3 1 A D l 1 0 " O l n o y U / 1 0 1 3 1 1 ' 1 0 ' X ' J l
n o n O l 0 1 Q l l O O I Q " , I 1 " ' > I
A U l D 0 1 l n 1 9 d u ' 0 ! 2 " ' " " ' " H ' ( 0 I 3 1 1 " ' D
- o d u O l l " ' D 9 d l l 0 1 O W ) 0 1 2 " , 1 1 " , " Q U o 1 0 1 3 A 9 1 D
- I d o l l ( n o l l ! d 3 U ' X ' U 0 l u u l 1 0 U A U l 9 U O 9 1 n o 9 l < ' l Q , d J u , p 0 1 1
IVQl OTL TLe; PWIl0"iKe; AYWVe; OKOAOUSTlOOV PWIlO[Ol noPXloKol
OIOIKIlTe;, llnOpOl, Kat mXtpIlIlOTie;. i\aTlvIKe; nOAlTOYPO-
OUVTOI TWPO O1TlV oAAO Kat ouyypoie; onwe; 01 nOAu610e;,
lllOVUOlOe; AAIKOPVOOOoe; KOt nAouwpxoe; XPTlOIIlOnOIOuv PWllo'l-
KOUe; opoue;, OAllOT 11 TTlV nnoi8TlOl1 OTI iVat 01100 KOTOVOTlTOi
Kat OAllOT TO VOTlIlO TOUe;. LTTlV npWTIl KOTTlYOp[O
onwe; 0 p60l0e; < modius, 0 narpwv < patronus, 0
olKrarwp < dictator, 0 rirAoe; < titulus, Tl n6pra < porta, Tl oKaAa <
scala, 0 KapnOe; < campus, 0 rpoupvoe; < furnus, 11 rpaf3a < taba' Kat
onwe; TO npmrwplOV < praetorium, Tl KouarwOia < custodia KOI
TO cppayyiMtov (J1aar[ylO) < flagellum IXov 1l0KpO npounTlPOlo
Movl.lOV10TflKOV 010 KI\-lEVO TIle; Kowf)e; flw8r,KIK Movo 1110 npoy-
1l0TLKO BoSIO Kat KTETaIl8VIl miopoOflllnopEivoEPIlTlVUo1
TO YEyovoe; OTI, npov TOU KOIVe; arlllEpa Tile;
Nae; onwe; -aroe; KOl -oupo Xouv
Ol'EAlITlve; owoavOTOUe; PWllaioue; nOAu nploooTEpaonoooa
KOTaOXTTlKOV vanopouv,A1YOlollwe; unOnTUOVTOIOTL TO unpo-
VW unOljJiae; we; npoe; TIlV 18ayv10 TOU lKovonolw OUVI01O
vav KAaOlKo AaTLvlOIlO, nAaollvo KaT' IKova Kat 01.lOiwOlV TOU
satistacio. To XPOVlKO TTle; OUVEUpOTle; Kat iVQl
Evolapov KOI onOlOe; TO IlAnO aVaKaAUnTl OTL O1IlV npoSullTl
olYAwoola TWV PWllalwv Ol 'EMTlVe; KaTO Kavovo nOAlTl-
Kat 'OllwC; Ol PWllaiol IKavoTpol
nOAlTlKOi KOI OInAWIlOTe;: Tl ISuvouoa TOUe; OTL
IlIAWVWe; AlITlVIKO OTOUe; 'EAlITlVEe; Kav aVTOTPTl TTlV OOKTlOl1 TTle;
Tile; 010 AATlVOWVO KOllllOTlTile; aUTOKpaTopiac;' ol'EMTlVe;
ov 8AlloavnOT vaOOKlllOOOUV IllAWVWe; AaTlVlKO Ilnopouoav
va KOVOUV mo OVETIl TTl TOUe; Iloa O1Tl aUTOKpaTOpia.
nOAU monpooawKonolOe; OTI 0MouooAivlKOTa01poll-
K IlTl YPllavIKo, AEyE Ja O1OV XiTAP KI nou
ov npw. lj..
EMHNIKO MTiNIKO
XMKI61KO
AA
I A f't...
BB 8 8
< C
< C
[> 0
0
["
E E
F
P F
.I

H H
18
[
I
K I<
'v
HIM IWM
N N
o 0 o 0
r p
Q
r
Q
R R Fl P.
L, S $- 5
T I
V V
X X
(])
{t
[lOLOS ato1JS t\mLvo1JS toa)..
m8a
v
o),oyouv T11 11
novETQoUa%Wv,aHa mo 1laQaftEvEl%m
mo au toAaUVl)'O u),rp&'prrtO :IQOI1),8E
arro 01JH1<l1 :rolxl},LalOU E)),'lVl%OU, a1l0
rrolJ 0XahlbElsa1l0l%OlOTIlV TIlS
K. ha),Las. Olt\mLvOI E%o.vav TQ01l0JTOLI10ElS au!" wva
liSrpwvlluxESaVfJY){ES y),.u)aaasTOUS (JTX XQ''l0WOiwL'
IloavTO OL'IUlILW,toF, y"ava arrobwoouv10Vau
.QLOTl%O rpeonof), otlvOlloavaQ,'ouQa(oiJTeQo I!WOTaU
SOU 1l.X.al.) TO G, VU) !-'OAlS Y,ma lllV TOU Kl){EQW'
va(los1lXm.), Xl([ !Io OXIl!l.Cl n; 6<ivw:- ),C;ElS
lTOU ITQlELXo.V 1(1 Y XCXL Z, lTQu08wav aUTu rabuo
[Lna TO X xmEowoav 010 1()\)S 'tTIV
OTlX11 TOU xAaOLy.11
nou tvav TWV r(WpYI/(WV TOU
Blpylldou, naplaTavovral BoaKO; KOI 0lK6alTO 01 lTo},aIO-
Tp, KOlV\llVIKt, KOI TWV lIaTivwv
ivOl 0,
TOU 10u01. n.X. waToao, UITOI-
6po, KOI vtll1lUaOV 6X' YIC aAAo
KO' YoaroAyia Yla T! alTHc; Kal HIKOVO-
OnaTUITWV1 KaT! 0T16 OUT6 TO voara}..y'K6 Ka, 16u}..-
l"aK6 (BoTlKavo, BlbliotecaAposlolicaVaticana).
8E060POL:nAnArrE/\HL:
105
OLovrai nVE" fJacnM:iJ rawv, rou I/Ja/J/Jov rov a(JLO/JOV
ihnpovElpvrIO ;r;hjOEI'iil'wOE OU /JOVOV rou,-repikV-
pmwv(Ja,TE xat Tetv aMav kLxcJiav v;r;aP-lovro" aHa
xatroD'lararui(JavXWl!avravTE OixTlldvavxatUlv aoi-
xTJrov. i:vrinVE,oi,ot'avrova;r;Ei[!OV/JivdllV oVX V,TO-
J.atJf3avovn, /lTJoiva IlivrOL raJJ.xoiJwv xarwvo/la(J/Jivov
vmlyEua(JL(}/JIJV, o(Ju,v;r;ep{3aJ.}.c:1 TO nJ.ijOor;aUrofi.
lJfa/J/lirTJ', 1.
OQIJJflEVOt vo,uii;ovv, {3aOLha rowv, on 0 aQLOfloe; rTJS
6jtflOVE!vatWrlQOe; eve; ;rQosTO nJ.ryeoSloV.KatGEl' EVVOW
/lovov nov{3Qiaxcrat YVQw ana ne; LvgaxovaEr;"at
rTJv vno},otJC1/ L.t",),ia. aUa )Wt aE "aO, XWQa Eire
xalOtXTJflEV1J Eire aXaroLx'lH!. YnaQXovv oflwr;xatxWrOIOt
nov OEV 8ErJ.JQoVv on 0 aQtO,uoS E!VW CllULQOe;, aAJ.a
waroao fftarClJOVV nwe; OEY t'xEt xarovoflaar,iaxoflCl Evae;
roooflEyaJ.Oe; aQt8posnovvavJTEe{3a[Jlftro r'7S'
aAQ;Ntfl()11S aITcu8uvuro()UYYQallIlUrou 'Ya,upirTJS(HOI'
rE),wvo, III :WQOLIlIVl.l', EXCPQOOT)
yLa tov aQL8j.Lo -T) LOW. :WQoq.!lCl (HOI'
mvoogo. 0 II 98 <cljJaj.L.fIOS GQL8110V ITEQlJtEqJEUYEV. OL
EVl:OVOL OCI0lXOL 1:1)rcOL rcou 1.0110lj.LorcOLEL
ELVClL rofi!!EV Clvrl dvat, 10 tvrtaV'tL 10 Eiai. aHaY.atTO
OWQI.XO -a(ravaHav).
AP[[ArATA
o LEI,Lvouvno; KOvvL()as, EVOOW ,OUOE,
UITOOXOWV va HII' ITEgLOlJOla IOU oro LEgO 'tT)S
AqJgoi\[\I;;. Inl WU OJ.L.WS ELXE ,{Qci'ljJEL 'til <f>Qacnl
,J:LQrcaya'to. Kovvloa,"atEWL XQL agna-
SE xm'taunuQXovwxmne;;rul(\LoxES
HAaxC>lVL"oTO.l'] OW(]ll"'1 tau Kovvloa,'tT)V orcoLa
VEUE 0 01OU;LalLB(Jus taV.ELVaL rfuaLxa '{gall-
J.lEV1]01U <JlxE),lxa oUJQlxa: Q.(Jj[(1)'a ClVl:t KovviOo
av'tLKovvioov Hq;gaaq E'{lVE ;rUQOlfl'looq,.
AvayevvqlJTlC;, 6nou qoo'\'o<jlovia TOU
an6 <TTpanwTq KaTa Tqv iJ'\'waq TWV
}:upaKouawv, TO 212IT.X. (paVK<jlOUpTq, Liebieghaus).
106
H KOINH IIAIlIA
H 4ll.PIKH KOINA
'HOll ana TOV 40 al. n.X. OTIl LlKAla c;nIKpaTdII Kotva, ollAa-
II II ono[a OTaolaKa an06oML ne; anap-
TOntKte; Tile; IOlQlTpOTllTe; Kat OTOlxda ana
Tllv olaAKTo H dvOl KUplWe; ana
ntypacpte; (30e;-10e; al. n.X.) KOl anaTO TOU
TpOU Tile; aPXQlOTllTOe;, TOU 0ono[oe;, av Kat
Ollouoao OTllV ouvtypQljJ TOU
OTIl OlaAKTO Tile; nOTploae; TOU, TWV LupaKOUOWV.
LTO MouodoHIe; TO Kat nOAlTlOTlKO
KtVTpO nou [X IOpUOl a A' Kal TI]V
0 B' 0IAOOACPOC;, 01 AOYIOl
anaTOnlvte; 610TlKte; CPPOVT[Oe;, TO KAaOlKo
ouvXWC; Yla Kal Kat ouvtypacpav AOYO-
TXVIKO tpya nou ov anu8uvoVTOV OTO upu KOIVO. aMo OTOUe;
TWV. TWV AOylwv aUTwv, nou OTllv nALOvoTllTO
TOUe; KplTlKoi KQi nOII]TOl". 0 II
avavtwOT] Tile; AOYOTxv[ae; TOoO OTIl 000Kat OTO npl-
LTO aUTO napaOOOlaKO AOYOTXVIKO dOll
VTOl: I] Ay[a O nOAUOTlXI] nOlllOT] yKuKAOnat-
OIKOU (Ai'TIQ TOU I] nOlllCJI]
O tnoc; ($atvow;va TOU ApaTOu), TO
vc;nlypacpo y[VTat AOYOTXVIKO.
c;nLOT]e; Kat vtaAOYOTxvlKa dOl], onwe; TO 60UKO-
AIKO Kal aoTlKO IOUAAlO, UPOITxv(a TOU 0OKp[TOU, TO ITull)\lO,
tva tnoe; KALJ.laKae; Kat xaJ.lI]AWV TOVWV, onwe; I] 'EKalll) TOU
Kat 0 onou 0 Hpwvoae; CJuvalpd TI]
napaOOOT] TOU Lwcppova J.l TO lWVlKO nVUJ.la TOU InnWvaKTa.
Ol cjllAOAoyol-nOlIlTSe; Tile; VS8e;
AOYOT8XVlKSe; yAW008e;, OTOlXda ana AOYOT8XVlKO
lOlOA8KTO, ana apxaLKSe; OlaASKTOUe; nou KOTO TonOUe;
OTOV 8MIlVlOTlKO at\t\o KOl aVTAWVTOe; V8KPO" YAWOOlKO O1Ol-
XE:ia ana Tle; yAwo08e;" npo'LOV TSTOlWV n8lpa-
dVOl KOl 11 yAwooa TWV 60UKOAlKWV KOl aOTlKWV 8l0Ut\t\iwv
TOU 880Kp[TOU, vsa YAwooa 60011 Til 6.w-
K01Va, at\t\o Kal lWVlKSe; KOl KonOlOUe;
(onwe; TO -00 aVTi -(, naiOOE:le; OVTi fwi(E:le;), H
Tile; olaMKTOU npoon088la va anoo08d TO
couleur locale TWV 600KWV Tile; IlK8Aiae;.
H TOU 880Kpi1OU dVOl yAwooa (Ot OWplKOi
Tunol TWV 8l0Ut\t\iwv 08V anavTouv we; OUVOAO 08
OlOA8K1O) nou SX8l we; 60011 TIlV
KOl Ta oupaKouOla OWplKO TWV TOU KOl TWV
TOU IWcjlpova, IOlaiT8pa ana Til OlOAE:KTO TWV LupaKOUOWV 0 880-
KplTOe; oavdOTIlK8 Tlmoue;, onwe; aVTi 6svnOTOe; aVTi
6iAnaTOe;, ivri aVT[ iari, OE: -E:l (rT)vE:i) KOl 08 -0/ (tV001),
BaOlKO xapaKTIlPloTlKO Tile; dvOl TO a, -0 aVTi Yla
-T) lWVlKO (/laA0101V aVTi 6. -0 aVTi -ow OTIl nAll8uvTl-
KOU Tile; a' KAiolle; (xl/lQlpdv aVTi Xl/lQlPWV) y, PlllJaTlKSe;
08 -n, -/lE:e;, -VTl (E:i'pnO/lE:e; aVTi c;i'pnoW;V, AtyoVTl aVTi AtyOUOl), LUIJ-
cjlwva V80T8p8e; 88Wpi8e; 11 Tile; 10U 81lAUKOU 08
-0100 avri -ouao (tXOlOO aVTi tXOUOO) KOl 11 TOU 8VlKOU 08 -w
aVT[ -ou (OE:oaT)/ltvw aVTi 6E:00T)/lE:-
VOU), Tunol nou anavTOUv OTOV
880Kplro, aAAO KOl OTa OWplKO
TOU cjlaiv8TOl nwe; TO. nANI
SXOUV nposA8uoll TTl
OlOA8KTO, TOUe; auoTIl-
, .., ,
poue; nou En86aA8 11 ,;,,.:.I ....
nOTpwa A"' ..
O;..... IA<.... ...,.w,,'r (
KOl 0 08 OUO ,.;,.,..,..... 'J'."..
TOU (<<Eie; 6.n\-lTlTpa" KOl Ete; Aou- ..r';"'1,..nq.,.
,.....
Tpa nat\t\oooc;,,) KOl 08 6."......,v.i..,;:"
:,
".",..,., .,...,
.t,-.!'":

c !
,.,.w:rtt-'....,.-. ,
AtN,.,,,:_IJ,,

f-':,.
..
N,No!Jf
..
f,
TOU 10u 01. TTOU TOV 'EpWTO
0 ElOKpITOe;, aAAo KOI 01 60UKOAIKOi TTOU OUVtXIOOV
TOU, KOeWe; KOI 01
TTPIMou, Iaoyouv we; UUVTPO<PO 60e;
TOV y'o TOV 'l'TPWTO 'EPWTO (!Iu-
Kwuio, KUTTPIOKO Mouuio),
ltD" n TO JjJ,OvgwlW xui Ii nirv" aWToI., fliva,
Ii non: rat,Jrayutm, f.U'J..ilJ{jaUL, lir)v bi xai rv
(JVgiIJDcr;' pait. "ava TO DWTE[JOV dO).ol' anGUlO.
af xa rifvo; i'l.'l XEgUOI' rgayov, a!yu TV).W!JO'
af xa D' alya MfJv TfjVO, yiga;, i; rE xuwggEt
Ii Xipago; XlpagW Di xu)J;v Eon x' apu4!l"
,,9ul!ut; 'f!Lbip>,Eir)lIUW, UT, 1-6.
nU%O cil'w TO 1j!lOvQwp.a ;Wl 7J xovxavva!iI,a, yulo(3omd.
Exciv/I. ow; JIIIYf. OIpri, ]lOV y).vxorQa/ovelri, y).v"ri xw
ov ,-wi"t,w; TO oovQav).[" flEra ral' Dal'a, wu ro OcVTEQO
(3Qaflrio Oa A l' E%cil'ae; %E!)oioEl rQaYD %EQaorpo-
QO, aiyo. fir;. Eoir av rVXDlJ Dtdvor; :iUfjEI (JOO)CI()
p.w ai/a, (,n) ,lIolQa(J[Q wv eO. ery},v"o xawi,,[" '[ IF
%Oroliwv}car; dval voan,uoTO %Qicu;, wOJrov v' OQXWEU; 1.'0
r7Jv uQ,uiyEle;.
LT01J Evaoxn'IQlO1Je; OTlX01J DIS OCOXQiTWIC; cruUoyll
Jltglyoacpovro.t Ol LlXE),O[ 001Jxo),m va aVTG),)..aooo1Jv
Or:'Qo.xm ,rr"II.EVlXa TOI!';'O'UOLa <Hal' JTaQabr.lOI<1 r6rro.
X-ru;nlrni OOIQIOIlUi I] "1""',1'0).11')111 Ttl\) U- lTOll ;')111"-
Ol'Q'IEi Eva E16oe; TO al!C!ia(;Ee; aVll flU 10
m:nxo 0 TU;roc; X',UQQW aVT; X'IIQQOV, 10 PClQlO
%(\: iii', 11 JTQoElW'1 nod: :'loae;, '1 aVToJVuflia !II FOe;:
"Eivae;, 11 rrQoowJTI,<,11 TV: av.
oElOKpITOe; YPOljl tvo YIO uuplyya, TOU onoiou m
UTiXOI OKp16we; OUTO TO OPYOVO (Txvonaiy-
VIOV), H TOU AAoou MovouTlou (1495) ov
XI an0'l'UV1 EilluAA,o,
1516 rVVOOIOe;
EBINA IIITAKOY
107
TA IEPA KEIMENP,
H nAAAIA AIAGHKH
KATA TOYI (0')
oTlTAoe; TOU KEepQAQiOU m:pIEXE:I EVQV QVQXPOVIOIlO KQl IlIQV QVTiepQ-
011 0 OpOe; naAa/lJ L1WBrjKT) anaTOUe; XpIOTlaVOUe;
KQl OtQKpiVE:l TIe; lOuoaiKEe; ipa<!>Ee; Qno TllV Ka/vil L1wBrjKT). 01 lou-
OQIOl OE:V BE:WpoUV TllV Ka/vil L1WBr]KI7 KE:lIlEVO IE:PO KQI OE:V OVOllel-
TIe; ipQepEe; TWV naAalaL1WBrjKI7.
HQPXQlOTE:PllllapTUpIQ Yla TOUe; 0'nE:pIEXE:TQl OTllv IjJEUOE:nlYPQ-
<jlll TOU AptOTEa (TEAll 20u

Q10
<jloe; (285-246 n.X.) QVEBWE: Til llE:Tel-
QI. n.X.): 0 nTOAE:Il e; B' 0 <!lIAOOE:A-

arrp0'f){jTfJ, Iwva,Kat TO KI)TO" MIKpoypa'l',a on6 6pa'iKO XCI-

pOYPo'l'o nau lanavio TOV 15a olwva.
Kai TC(Jo(JEraf,E XVglO; fJEyaA9J ;eara;"t:lEIV rov [OJ-
val" ;eai IWl'ar; i:v rfi XOI),iP. roii r(JEi; IIPI:(Jar;
xairgElr;l'vxra;, KaiTCgoml'J;aro lwl'a;.T!.JO;;evglOv rOv
{JeDvavroiit;;rif;;;o/)'a;roD ;eai d;rcv
'EpinwatvOJ.iljJEIPOll,T(JOr;;<vglOl'rovOdJVpou,XIIiEimi-
xoval:pov'
.E:'" (ioov xpavyijr;fJOV ijxov(Ja,rpwl'ijr;fJOV,
. 4.iTf!.J{!f1I"i,}'1: .j;PriOry !<(<{,/)f(!;Oa).IJ.(Juryr;, "'/li .TOWfJOi
exvx/.w(JavfJE'
TCal'U[;aiIlffEW(JlOl'oiaovxaira;;vfJaui(JOV hr'iJlior-
IjJOOl'.
Kai d;ra'ATCW(JfJaL (iq;()aJ.IIWy (JOV'
lU1V1Z;, 2, 12(tx6,A.Rahl[I).
<jlPQOll TOU IOUOQlKOU NOIlOU (nc:vro-
rwxoe;) OE: 72 louoaioue; Aoyioue;
Qno KelBE: 0 QPXlKOe; ap181l0e;
OTpOyyUAE:UE:1 apYOTE:pQ). 01 IlE:TQepPQ-
OTEe; OTllv Qno
Tllv KQl IlE:TE<jlpaoav anaXE:lpOypO<jlo nou E:lXE: 0
lOIOe; 0QPXIE:pEae;. HIOTopiQ E:lVQl KQt TIe;
KE:e; uno TIe; onOlE:e; oUVTEAEOTIlKE: TO EPYO. 'EvQe; OYVWOTOe; louoQioe;
Tile; Alyumou 0IlIlOOlE:UOE: TOV llu80 1lE: TO IjJE:UOWVUIlO ApIOTEQe; YIQ VQ
unE:pOOmOTE:l Tllv Tile; llE:Teleppa011e;. Hnc:vrOTWXoc; IlE:TQ-
epPOOTIlKE: OTllv yupw OTte; QPxe; TOU 30u al. nX,E:VW II
llE:TelepPQ011 TWV unoAolnwv 616Alwv npEnE:1 VQ E:lXE: OAOKAllpw8d we; TO
TEAOe; TOU 20u QI. n.X.
I1E:V QnOKAE:lE:TQl, TouMX1OTOV KQTO TQ npWTQ OTelOIQ, 0 IlE:TQ-
YAWTTlOIlOe; va YlVOTQV npO<jlopIKO. Kel8E: 2:el66OTO OTIl TO
616AIKO KE:lIlE:VO 8Q npWTQ OTQ E:6pQLKO KQI II llE:TelepPQOll
8Q aKoAOu8ouoE:. To nEpaOIlQ Qno Trlv aUTOIlQTll QnMo-
011 OTll oUoTllllOTonoll1011 KQl 1lE: Tllv QVOYKll
YlQ E:UXPllOTO Kal KE:IIlE:VO.
HnaAwQ L1WBr]KT) KaTa roue; 'E8001lr7KOVra E:lVQl, Aomov, EPYO
noMwv IlE:TQepPOOTWV OE: OIQepOpE:TLKEe; EnoXEe;. H E:n0IlEVWe;
nOIKIAAE:l onoTllv E:AE:u8E:Pll anooooll TWV napOIlluJJV Kal TOU ,w6 we;
TIlIlOIl 006Tile; nc:vrarc:uxou KQl Tllv QKpa[o mOToTllTa TWV A' KQl B'
BaOlAE:lWV KQl TOU 'EKKAT)OlaoroD.
H DE:PIXE:l mlOlle; 616AtO nou OE:V non:Tn 8OIl
TOUe; OTIlV Bi6AO -E:iTE IlETO<jlpOOE:le;, dTE: YPOIlIlEVQ QnEU-
8E:l0e; OTa E:AAllV1Kel-, KQ8wC; KQl OE: 616A[0 nou E:ixov
OUllnE:plAllepBE:i E:KE:i.
H OIOAE:KTOe; anOTEAWE: Til 6elO11 YIQ Til YAWOOQ TWV 'E800-
Ilr7KOvra, KQ8we;, WOTOOO, II llE:ToeppaOll OTQOIOKQ, II
QVOIlOIOIlOPep[o Tile; E:lVQl OIKQlOAoyrlllEvll
0pIOIlEVE:e; ana TIe; IOIOTUniE:e; Tile; YAWOOQe; TWV 0'E:lVQl: Q, QU-
TOUOIQ MVE:IQ ana Tllv nx aWlv, noaxa, a068arov,
Xc:pou6(c:)ill, ac:parp(E:)iv 6. nou QnoKTouv VQ O11IlQOiQ, nx
01080Aoe;, OWBr]KT), 06l;a, dprjvl7. ;a.
108
'Abitf/bi i'yl'W EvaI' rijv yuvalxa aurou, xai (J1J)J.afJouoa
trDIl'V rov Katv, ;wi dirEV 'Exrrwaf/TJv avOpwirOV bta rou
Owu. Kai ,T(!ooiOTJXEV rEXElV rov abE).q;ov aurou, roy
"Af3E!. Kai iyivao "AfJEJ. irOtf/ijv ir(!ofJarwv, Katv bi fl'
rijv yijv.
ri:vEOt;, 4,1-2 (fX/'). J. W. Weyers).
['11'01' fIE 10 (EOW: EXW EQWU><r, mw:pr, ,UE)
arroOlOnOl 0 WcpI1j.LlOflO; lOU %ElflfVOU. Mv ava
rraQaYE'Wl1] rroQovoflaolo 010 qaniti (ixrIJ
aaflIJv) )WI oro %'UQLO ovofla qayin (Kat"). To JiQoari6IJ,W
+mWQEwpmo OJtOoloEL mOTCt mJv10S11 ITOU 01'])'w,
VEL erravaAllljJ1']. H JtEQl<pQoall (UVl:L ELQya
ltOU ElWltt;El OVOAOYOU<; O',(1']Jla1LOflOV<; 11']<; EL'
VOl, wOtOOO, mOlli Ct:r0000ll10U J1Qwcolvrrou rivE-
Ot;, 4, 14 xa! EOOPW orivwv xai rQEpwv),
[baE, tyw dp! or(!au:uOlta! iv a(!afJwO tl}ljpou i'w;
rou v.OElv jiipa 7ta(!' Uf/Wl' rou (;lJrayyEiAiti pOI. xai alri
or(!Et/JEV .,'auwl< y.ai A{Jwl)a(! rijv xlfJwrint dr; lC(}ov(Ja).TJJ1.
xai t"aOwEl' xai daVlb al'ifJatvcv lv rn al'afJa(JE! rwv
al'afJaivwv xai x),aiwv xai rijv xEq;aJ.iJl' ilrlXExa
;'Uf/tdvoe;, xai amor; LTO(!cVITO avu,Tohroc;, xai mie; 0
J.ao; 0 pET' amoiJ buxa).ul/Jev avij(! nil' xnpalijv avrou
xai avifJwvov avafJalvovu; xai x).aiol'rE;.
8uU/},mvl' B', 15, (ix/). A. Rahlfs).
Ta EnqVt%a 0CPELAOVWt 01qv aXQaLCI m01011']w' 11
EXfl OVO 1vrrous YW TO a' J1QOOWITO EVl%OU TII<;
ITQOOIOITllOi; ClV1Ul\'UlLlCl;. 0 fllCo.Lpwwn'l<; OITOOLOEl yE"lxa
TOV IT.Qono curro JlE to iyw, p.,') tOy /')E1)1EQO,
%0 t;1]),0 omos E00J, JlE 'tll'V 1tQLOlocpavli ITEQt<PQCt011 iyw dJ.ll,
Eyw dflt arQClTEvo,UW: ({/i/i) (JrQcmvoltQ!. 'v aeafJwB TIl,
0 OEV Xa1C1vod t1'] US'1 aQo.-
fJw6 (sTJeoi, a"VOQOl ro;,ot), 111 ElCOJQEL lof.tlS WITWVUlllO XQl
tTl ,+(0v1lw'.a. 'f..7[cxo.hn/JF'V rlv1Q Tilv !lura/.ttl'
o.urou ClITOOOO1'] 'Kota To c0QCI'(xo OUOLO,01LXO ltOU
(JIl!taivEl avrea; XQ110lf.l0JtOlEL10l tOIOlJla1l%a %CIl Ws OLaVE-
avnov'u!-llCt. /4l'lj$Oll/.OY al'a(JaVQVfc.
o ;\),EOvaovos (Qli,la + PETOX!I TOU LOLOU Q11flOTOS) arrOO[OH
mOTa ouvtaSq '.lOU 0l1).WVEL EWI'WT'I'
Kai iyivao rou ivwurou, ou alrEOavl'v 0 fJa(Jllur;,
Elbov rov ;<VPLOV xaOr,pl'l'ov bei O(!OVOU lnpTJlou ",ai u!J{!-
J1.ivou, xai ir).r](!I" 6 o[xo; rifr; b6!;nr; amoD. xai (Jga<ptv
Eiorr,xE!(Jav XUy.).(1) amov, 5 n:rt(!uyr; r0 ivi ;<ai 5 n:rE'
(!UYEe; ,0 EVI, %ai rai, PEv buoi xarExa}.Ulrrol' ro n:(!oow
n:ov, rair; bi: buai xarEXalu7twv rour; n:oba, xai ralr; bvoi
miravro. xai ixix(!ayov frEgor; n:(!O; rint frE(!OV xai
yO'V' ''AYLOr; aYLOr; iiyw; XU(!Wr; (JafJawO, ir).r,(!TJ; m'i.(Ja i;
,iie; boSTJ, avrou.
'Hoala;, 6,13 (fxli.l. Ziegler).
UJlVO If.tlV UE[!arp!V TO TQwo.ywv 11'], t\EL-
WUQYLCIS ('Ayw;o fho;, 'Ayw;'I(Jxueo;, 'Ayw,A6a'Varo"
iUTJoo" iJ,uCi;). 2:10 XWQio ClU10 EQEWOV1(.(L O%OfLU Ot ClITEl-
XOVlOEL<; lWV ESOJHEQUYW'V,
e.. r
X
' ':' 0', ';! ce':' ....;y,
..... rHN H,..,HHHAO
rATOC
teAl C .(OTOC
H an6 TO 616Aio rtvtaw<; (I, 12) TWV
O' Alexandrinus A., 50<; 01').
Kai 11{!Saro NWE avO(!wn:or; )'I'W(!yo; yi;; ;<ai i'q;UCEUOEV
apJrl'l.wva. %ai fmEl' EX cou oivou %ai ilJEOV(J0TJ y.ai iyu-
J1.vwOlj iv r91 oixr;v aurov. xai EfOEV XaJ1. 0 7tarij(! X(l.1'aal'
rijv 'IUpvw(Jtv lOU JwrI,JlJ; aurou "ai 19dOwv aVljyynJEv
rol, buoiv abcliroie; aurou xai i>.afJovu; J:IJP xai
Iaq;eO ro iJlarwl' ilriOtYro l.Ti TIl. bvo vww aurwv xai
btogEul)l/Oltl' oJr[oOolfiavw, iwi ,-qv yUJ1.l'W-
(JtV rofJ n:arpoe; awwv, xai ,0 'T(!OOWJr!tv avrwv om(J()o-
q;avi;, xlI.i nlv 'IUpvWalv rou Jro.r(!Oe; avrmv oux E[bov.
ri'VE(JIr;, 9: 202 .
co XUlQLO NWE !jWV 0 rrQ0JTOS
Clfut),ougyoS "AvB('w:'ro; /"")[!yoe; yr7;: JtAEOVClOf'OS' to
,'(\,IIQunos 111(; Y'lS, To r,-riOEro 6:ma6orpo.vi; OEV
mw\'cCt o).).ou 010U<;
MANOJ\HI nAnOYTIAKH
109
Kai [1' ruie; winale; avaOTae; niT(}Oe; tv pEa(JJ rwv
abE},rpwv Elmy rE 0x},oe; 6vol'arwv iJTi ro amo waEi
fxarov Ei'xo(J/' Iivi5(}Ee; ii5n ;rA1JPw()ijvat r1v
y(}arp1v f{>' ,TpoEi:uv ro lCvwpa ro aywv i5u!. mOllaro;
Javib :t"c!!i 10vi5a rau yevoptvov oi5T/yofi roie; uv}J.a-
{JOU(Jll! 1rwoVv [ }.
iLTomoJ..oJV, 1, J516.
Ami IEWI.<1 IOU OUOLaCn:Ly.ou lo. ow);wm (av()(!w-
ITOI' 5XJ.0I; ovo;;alwv: aV()QcVJr(vv) ITQoy.,)ITm,
111 lOU WITOU ovo/<arot, '1 YcoEl,-
)":<;'1 vO,uarOl vO,uaraiot. 01,)ITOC; oi ovo,uarot
1wQo.ynClL urroXlUQ1')Uxa eme 11'1 JrA1')8UVUKOU lWV
6voJlarwv, y.ma 10 OX'l,lla rWlI aVeeWITWlI - Ot OVeeGmol.
60<; al. (Madaba, lop5avia).
TA IEPA KEIMENA
H KAINH 41AOHKH
Ta 616Ala nou anon:AOUV TT']V Kalvf} LJlOSrjKI) XOUV ypaljm:l Ola
AAIlVIKO KQl avoAOYIl
Kivll TWV 0'. 01 EmOlOAe; TOU naUAOU, Ta apXQlOTpa
XPIOTIaVIKO (nplnou 50-60 Ka8we; KQl 01 Em01oAe; TOU
laKw60u, TOU louoa KQl 11 npoe; E6paioue; ivQl Pya O
yAwooa nou oV vTov11 miopaOTJ.
Ta Euayyo.lO (flplflou 65-100 10lOTuno IAOAOYlKO iooe;,
flPlXOUV "OylO (TO "OYlOV) TOU 111000 KQl flapa06ole; OXTlKO TO
610 TOU. 01 nou O1IlV 0
MaSSaToc;, 0 MapKoc;, KQl 0 !\ouKac; (LUVOffiIKO EuaYYAla: LuvOlj!Ie;
EuaYYAlwV, vlala K801l Tile; TWV TPIWV npWTWV
EuaYYAlWv) 010 nwe; TO nOAOIOTPO KQl
ana TO Tpio, TO KaTa MapKov, we;
YIO TO OUO nou oKoAou811oav. Ano TO Tpio LUVOffilKO TO
KaTa !\OUKav iVQl YAWOOIKO nploooTPO (nx
aVllKaTo01aOTJ AaTlVlKWV AAllvlKe;). To Kara 7wivvl)v 010-
Pl all() TO unOAOtnO 010 uoe;, 0111 KQl 0111 OKlj!Il.
nwe; 11 XPOIO nOAAwv uaYYAIKwV xwpiwv; f::,v
anoKAiTOI 11 OIYAwooia TWV ouyypawv vo OIKQlOAOyi TIlV
10ioTunll KpaOTJ TWV 'lowe;, nOAI, 01 OUXVOI
VO ivQl Tile; npoono8lae; nou Ka-
T6aAov 01 ouyypaie; va TO uoe; TWV

. (1-1)
oyJ<Jo.CXHM ONCJ
c
gynA
.<AKON
ere KIA,
cy AX"I pel A ETHAJ\Ht/i"
n (NTACTerEI
nANTAnlCTEYEI
nANTAEAniZtl
ynoMENEI

f
1+2)
OTQ apalJa"lKcl nptn81 VQ snUipaoQv OTTl
OlalJOp<)lwoTl TOU SMnVIKOU KSIIJSVOU.
o TOU KaTo !\ouKav KQl :4no-
oToAwv. To IOlWIJQ TOU BlBAlOU nsplsxsl O1olxda nou SPIJTlVSuTTlKav
w; aTTlKlOlJoi, nx as OSUTSpsuouosc; KQl TO OU-
Ola01lKo vaDe;, 27, 41, ASYOIJSVO OTTlV Katvry flwBrjKT), aVTl Via
TO nAa/av. 001000 KQl sOW anavTouv OlllJlTLolJoi.
H :4noKaAUIjJle; (npoc; TO TOU 10u al.) siVQl npWTOTuno spyo
OlyAWOOOU OUYYPQ<)lsa IJS yvwOll npeA.
1, 4: UIJIV KQi clna a Wv ... Ka! a aVTl "ana
TOO .. KQ! TOO SPXOIJSVOU 1,15: "sv KQlJlVl!l
onou 0 osv oUIJwvsi TTlV mWofllJS TO npoo-
OUOlQOTIKO.
01 woavvo, a660, l1al1wvae;, pa6BI, Kal KUplQ ovo-
lJaTa MaBBa/ae; KQl 'lwQvvT)e; dVQl anlJlTLKcl Oclvsla nou
OTTlV Ka/vl'] flwBryKT) SXouv OfllJQoiQ sivQl n.X. napaoKwi] Kal
KuplaKi] (ryj.Jtpa) nlSQVOl VSOAOYIOIJO[ sivQl TO anaouvaywyae;,
Kapoloyv0JOTT)e;, rpayae;. OT)V6pIOV, r..oOp6.vTT)e;, !(DU-
oTwola, 11E;j.J6pava, npWTWpIOV, ra6tpva, payytAlOv, K,6, ; ,
npor; KoplvOlour; A', 13, 5-8. Codex Claromontanus.
Kai r(ii ayyiJ.(IJ rr;<; iv <PdabeJ.ipi(1 txx),rwia<; ytlal.jJov'
Tab< ).iyn0 ayLO<;, 0 a),TJ(J!vo<;, 0 ixoJV riJv x).c'v Javili, 0
avoiywv xai ouliEi<; xh;iaEl, xai xhiwv xai ouOti<; avoi-
yEl' olM aov rit {pya, iOO1; bibwxa ivdnnov aov OUiJa'll
/rvE(lJ),PivTJV, ijv ouliEi<; liwaw! xJ.ciaal aimfv, Oft {l/XiJitv
f-tEl<; liwaplv, xai tnitlTJaa<; {lOU rbv Myov xai oux i'iJ1'lj-
aw 1'0 ovopa pov,
t!.;ro%a),Vl.jJI<; 1wavvov, 3,7-8.
ijv oVOEi<; ovvarcu ,,2Eiow avnl}" ro a.V'tLXEl[LCVO rou 111-
<no ava<jJOQ1X1l<; lIQO-
(avnjv). 0 EXEL w<;
XQOlae;.
Kai rfj ivary 6J{}(1 tfJOTJaEV 0 'fTJaoii<; ipwvfj {lqa),y' t'Aoll
EJ.wl ).cpa oafJal!Javl; ff tam PEOE'{JPTJI'EVOPHOV' 0 Oo<;
pOU 0 OEO; pOU, ri fyxari)./Jri<; /'1;; Krd nvc; nilV
;ratlEarl/xOrwv a%OVaavrE<; v.t:yov' to,' 'J/).iav rpwvu.
Kara ltfti(}xov, 15,34 - 35.
IlE'{Ji oi rill' ivri!'1JV wgav aVE{JOTJOEV 1I]aoi.i<; 'Ixuvfj
WyaJ.!l ;i"lWv, Ij).i kpa oa{JaxOan; rom' {am OEt
pou Od: pou, ivari JlE [,j%ari),!1CE<;; 1'/.It<; Di rwl' tXEi iarTJ-
xorwv axovoavu<; ih'l0v on'H).iav rpwvc[ mho;,
Kara MaOOaiov, - 47,
To IIQuno XWQio 8EwQEtTm alIo ue; CJl1[lClVUXOv'QEe;
QiEe; yLa "1Y Jtw;11 l1wV 11 YAIOO-
oa T01' IlIOOU (11 llCLQaooXfl OEY <J.J[ox/,Ein "1V mBa-
V0111W va I-UlOUOE xu, vo. OtOCWXE XCll ow 1'1 W
cA/cllvLXa). To. /,oyLa aWl f),WI. ),Ej1U oa(Jax(JavL; ELY(LL
OE EiJ.11vIXOUe; TOU nQdnou <n[xou
OlIO TOV 'Jia}'/tf) 22 m:a aQO[wlxci. XClL 8a Ij)'lJUlY.O 0
h100Ve;, 'tLC 'tEAWtaiEe; taU E:iIUvW m:o oTauQo, va
OTl1 /l"lTOLX;j taU yl,wooo.
To WCJTooo. ElVUl, llOAVllI,OXO 2:t'Iw>(Uva !IE tOy
Ma(J(Jawv, 0 11100Ue; ova<jJwvEl TOV LOlo m:izo, o/,li1. ill; TIlv
IIQooqJlOV110l1'/J,i 1-' EWyOa':pl1 'tile; y.m
0Xl1lLU. "1e; oQcl/la'Lxlic; <jJQaoqC; (i},wi'iAwlj.
H avayx11 rrou OL Eua.I"IE!..tCHC- VCl /lEwq'QrL-
(JOUV w l6)'w TOU I1100V crw E)).11vLXa (J'v! 6.(!iW<;: ;; Eonv
fJ.EOf(!f1I'/VW0l'cvov, Ma(}lJaio;. w'ijr' [Olll') arroTEAEi
rrws OL aVo.yvwOl:EC; "ILa l:OUs 011:0l013; 11:QOOQl.lClV W
OUO Oa a/)uvatouoav yo. T1'1 (UEHl-
"IQo.[lpI'1]) yAW(JOa..
MANOAHLnAnOYTIAKHI
1J1
6m lJi: 7-at pwmxr/ u, arpcl;" ovVTjOna TWV io,WTWV
7-aTa IT:o},t, 7-ai DV1f tuarpEpovaa. oOF:V tv qn}.oaorpi{/. Jib
Tii TWV rptloa{JI[ wv urOq!WOpEV, tv iar{ltXfj lJi: qj iaTpt-
XWTE[J(I-, EV lJi: TlIJ Pi(1J qj {JlJJ'I}OEurtp{/. xai ibupin(1J xat
bnxw(Jwt;oi)(F[J. IT:a(Jo xai btl-W, roif aVToD Jr(Jayparo,
Myopvov Jwpaao/U:Oa IT:[J0, Tli Jrapbvra Q.[Jpot;opF:VOt
IT:[JoaWlT:a TO p;, yfltiJpF:VOV lC[JorpigwOa" {moiov lCOT' iiI'
.- " , 7 , > , , , "
Tl xara TTJI' rpvrRV. OWl' ro aVTo aprorpogtOV xat lravapwv
J.i./ETat xat lCaltl' TO aUTO urapviov xat apiiJtov ;<ai i'ybt,
;alt Ovdu. aHa uroxat;opF:Vot ToD xal.w, CI.OVTO, xat
aarpw, xat roD p;, ycl{iaOa< VlT:O TWV btaxovoVvrwv ripiv
JWtbagiwv xai ibwJTWV JravagtOV i{JOVpE:l', Ei xai (Jagpa-
pOv Eur" ri)).' oux apToq;opLOv, xai urapviov aV! oux api-
150. xai i"ybtv p{i)).ov Ovdav. Mat IT:a4V tv bwJ.i5H alT:O-
p}i.:wnE, Jr(JO, WU, Jrapovra" Ta, pi:l' tbUtJuxa; U5H,
7raganEp1/JopF:V, T;'V 15' aOTELOTigaV xai rptJ.O}.oyol' ovVTj-
OEWV pETabIW50fID" 10; yag ri rptlo}.oyo; yEWrat napa
roi, ibunTat" oUTro; ri ibtWTtX1) napa Toi, rpt}.ol.Oyo".
E/lltlQIX.i<;, 11(l0, paOTJpauxov;, L 232.
YJlc4?XEl %at lita xa8TJJlE!!tvr/ %at an).oiXl] y}.waoa TWV
av8Qwnwv wv ).aou nov O<aq;iQEt 0-110 no},1/ aE no},17 %(U
=0 cpu},o OE rpv).o. Ir aUTO (FITJ Cpt},oaocpia nQi1in va f;V-
8vYQaflflwTOuflE ILE TTJ y2waoa TWV cpl),oaocpwv, OTTJV
WT!!t"'! flE TTJ y).wooa nov urov; YWTQOU;,
f;VW urr;v %aOI7!J.EQtvry saJl] flE T'IV XOtV" Xat Tr;v an).oixl]
xw Tr;V yon""l ft' aUTO xm oral' TO iow 7fQaypa Uynw
pc aVO owq;oQnt%ov; TQonou; tud, Ra 7fQi7fEl va nQo-
onaOryooullE va JTQova!!flOOTOUII 1' ra :TQOOW;''-' nov
EivUl naQovra %UI va novl" aUTo :rou 0,01' Oa JTQOXo.UOEl
yO,w, onow XI av r; q;uor; roV. n'!.. TO iotO nQaypa
Uynat cq:nOCjlogLOv XUI nlJ.VcLgLOV [OTJ},aolj .:ruiQI], %at ro
iow %at aillOlOV [6r;).aol] raov"a2tJ, xaew; "at
'L'iOLS "at 8UttCL [oTJAaO" YOVOI]. El'p/c, opw; 00. },oyaQta-
OUlIf1 n W1Qlat.n %ai.lJuQa Xat ElVat mo "awVOr;TO xat
,Uc n OEV Oa ;-daoouv W oodaxw xat Ot vTllJl2irr; noy
pac; JTF!!L7rolOll1lTal %at 8u JrOU/lE llav<Xgwv, xt lJ.' dl'at XW
!3auf!aQtxo [ro },anvtxo panarillm, TO xa),6.01 rou l/JWpwvj,
O1U/IVlOV Xat OXt a/lloa, 'WI. 'LYOlV pa2J,ul' TluQa 8uccav.
AvdOna. aE ,uta 01/poaw o,UI),ia, eO. 2af3ov,u.c uno1/J'1 rov;
JTuQJvrEi; Yoat irat Oa arrocpvyovpc h::fl; %at Oa
n"oAovO"oOVltr HI" ExAurruo,uiv17 %1" 26yw ylrvoaa, fia-
Ti onw; ,LIE Tr; },oyta yAwoaa yeJ.ovv Ot avOl2wJrOt rou Aaov,
ro iow %aVOUv %(J.l ,lit T'I y2waaa rov },nov 01 },OyWL
To aVaflGCL y),WLJaCl xal ell yJ":>aaa TWV
AOylWv ElVCLL (lyoCpUgweO. O, a.vOgwnol, rou AO-OU (01
i6twrw) yd,Ol!v flc "lv crrLTllOFVGI] TWV aHLXlCYrWV, ((A),a
X((l UUWl ntQlljJQOVOl!V pa8VWTu. rov xu.81Wgl'l0 ),0'10,
o cp'Aoaocpoc; EfmeIQly.6C; (tf),1120v - agxs 30v UL
CnTLXlOTlle; Xl UVeoe;, J1Qlyg<xcpEl HlV X(lea
awenl. ELvm on WTO to. rragaOlnWW
nou CjlQVtl 0 XOUV lllI3LWaEl IlOVO m
TIle; Kmv11e;, pc ne; onOlte; Oa YAOUOaV Ol q;t},6?OyOl,
OXl op.we; W JTatoa!!w xa, Ol WIWTat: naviQl, aWltvi (at
xconuS owcpogEnxllorwo-oi.a) %((l yovoi.
H ATTIKIITIKH ANTlllPAIH
ATTIKJIMOI KAI ANTIATTIKIIMOI
o QTTlKI0116C; XPIlOlIl0rIOle;lTQ( YIQ TO rIVWIlQTLKO EKe;lVO KlVllllQ nou,
arIa TOV 10 rIEp[rIOU QI. rI.X. KQl TOV 190 at (Kat, IlE QKO-
1111 Kat TOV 200 al.), Til OUIlIlOP<jJWOIl TO lOlWlla
TWV ATTlKWV ouyypa<jJEWV TOU 50u KQI TaU 40u al. rI.X., Yla
Til TIlV rIapa-
<jJ60pa
'HOll a KQI 0 TaU 0111 0lEu6uvOTJ TaU nE:pma-
IOU c;[xav EVOIQ<jJtpOV Yla TIlV
(TO 6QOlKO OTOlXe;lO TaU anOTEAE-
0IlQTLKOU PIlTOPlKOU Myou. To EVOlQ<jJEpOV aUTO OEV OXn1-
IlE TllV KanOlOU OUTE IlE KanOla
OUYKEKplllEVQ ouyypa<jJlKO npOTUnQ, KIVOUVTQV IlEOa OE MaLOlO ouYXpo-
VlKO, IlE OTOXO TllV 000 TO ouvmo Kat
ApyoTEpa, IlE TIlV OV61lOTJ TWV PIlTOPlKWV OXOAWV,
AlYOTEPO OTIlV KQl nEplOOOTEPO OTIl LIlUPVIl, TIlV 'Ewo, Til POOO,
K.O., 11 OIOQOKQALQ OIEUpUVnQl IlE Tllv Qvaopo OE unooElYllaTQ, nou
ELVQl uOlKa 01 AOYOI TWV IlEy6AWV ATTlKWV PIlTOPWV TWV npoll-
youllvwv QlWVWV, TO Epyo TaU GOUKUOLOIl KQl TaU ::EVOWVTa, 01 OIOAO-
YOI TOU nAOTwva. Ta UrIOOlYIlOTQ e;lVQl OIIlV OTUAIOTIKO, OUVTOIlQ
6a y[VOUV Kat yAWOOlKa. LTO PIlToPIKO YUllvOOllaTQ rIOU KrIOVOUV
at TWV OXOAWV, OEV va E<jJapllooouV
aMo npoOrIQ60uv va 1l1ll1l60uv Kat TO TWV
ATTIKWV ouyypaEwv, npoYllo nou oUllnapaoupEI Kat Til yAwooa
napo.AAIlAa avamuoonQl OTllv Kat TIlV nEPyallo 11
TEXVIl, 11 <jllAoAoyla. KQl illOAOVOTL EPYO
va KOTQypo.tjJEI KQl va Til TWV nOAatWV ouy-
YPOEWV, 01 OTOXOI yiVOVTat Kat PU81lIOTIKOL. Ko.nOlOl
YPOIlIlOTlKOI, nOlOl Tunal
llapTUpOUVTQl Ii OEV llaPTUpOUVTat ana
bOl KQl Tl 1110-
POUV va KQl Tt 0Xl. 11 To.0ll npEnEl va yLVETat
EKOIlAT] OTO OEUrc;pO 11100 TaU 30U Ql nX, av KPlVOUIlE ana TO
OTt OE OVTlOpOUV npWlllol ypallllaTl-
KOL, a a KOI a
a KiVllllQ EOPQlWellKE OUOlQOTIKo. OTT) PWIlIl. ME
Til TWV Pwua[WV wyvwv ana apXEe; TaU 10u at nX
va TOUe; (nx.
o Kaioap, a KIKEPWV, 0 a a IlETQ-
EPOVTQl 0111 PWIlIl TO EMllvlKa PIlToplKa pEUllma KQl 01
H KQTo.OTOOIl EmTlVETQl IlE Til EAArivWV ypall-
llaTlKWV KQI PllTOP001000Ko.AWV 0TllV lOlO Til PWllll. Tbolol c:iVat OTOV 10
at nX a AnoAAOOWpOe; a a a a
KatKIAlOe; a KOAaKTlTlle; (Qno Tllv Tile; LIKEALae;) KQl a
a MlKapVOOOEUe;. 01 nuv OUO npWTWV, 1l0AOVOTl OTTlKlOTIKEC:; Kat
01 OUO, OE OIQllo.Xll TOUe; CD<; npoe; TOV 608110
OTllv TWV Kavovwv
LuvTsAwav, OIlWe;, KQl 01 OUO QnOOOlOTIKo. OTllv Ka81EpWOll TaU OTTlKl-
OIlOU Xo.PT] OTOUe; utjJIlAOUe; IlQ8IlTEe; TOUe;. npo.YIlQTI a c;[XE
TOV AUYOUOTO, EVW a 8EOOWpOe; TOV TI6tPlO. H
TOU AUyouoTOu YlQ Tllv TaU aTT1KlOilOU K08we;
114
KYPIAKOI ITANITANOrl\OY
o nptllTOe; OUTOKpaTOpOe; OiVTQl on dX TOUTio1 OTllV
TOU TOV mOTO OTIe; nopOOOOIOKte;
TTlV TWV TOU OTTIKOU AOyOU. at OVTtnOAOI
aUG: OTO ninoo Tile; Tl KQl OTO wlnoo TOU
PllTOPIKOU uoue; 0 riO TOUe; nou ov dxov Tllv
0[0811011 Tile; TTle; yAwoooe;, TO 000 OUTa
oI080pa, tMlljJTl n180px[0e; KQl
'ETOl 0' aUTO TO nAoiOlO 11 8wp[0 Tile;
we; Tile;
TTl 8wp[0 TTlV 0 lliovuOIoe; 0 AAIKOpVOO-
oue; Kat 0 lIlOVUOIoe; /loYYlvoe; OTO nepi uljJoue;. H
npoun8T npclTuno, KQl OUTa tnpw va KWOIKonOlll-
80uv, napa TO OTI 01 TOUe; OIOOpe;, YAWOOlKe;
KOI UOAOYIKe;, Ouxva 'ETOl nx OUYKPO-
m80VOTOTO ano TOV AnOAAOOWpO, 0 Kavovae; TWV
atKa PllTOPWV, t01W KI 0'1 01 OTTIKI01te; OV
naVTO nOlOe; ana OAOUe; onOTAOUO TO mo npOTU-
no, KQl aAAOe; TOV aMoe; TOV /luoio.
a oooe; O1Tl ll.UTPTl
(10e;-30e; at. L oVT[8011 ouyypoie; TOU 20u-10u at. n.X., onwe;
o nOAu610e; 0 ll.160wpoe; 0 LlKAIWTlle;, nou ypaouv O MYIe;
TTle; 01 ouyypode; 1I1e; lIuTPlle; (ll.iwv
HpWOlle; 0 ATTlKOe; KOI, KUp[We;, 0 AIAIOe; AplO1dolle;) WIO(OOVTOI O
KCll TWV ATnKWV ouyypowv. H nPOOna8la
TOUe; ouxva OTO va VKpOUe; TunOUe; Tile;
OlOAKTOU, OU'iKOUe; KQl UKTIKe;, ie; KQl C;UV OVTi de; KQl GUV, IT KOI pp OVT[
GO KQl po. a /louKIOvOe;, 010 IOlO O1pmonoo, ouxva
ne; OTTlKI01IKte; unp60Me;.
'anwe; 11 Tile; naAa/oe;
L1IOBrjKT/e; YIV O olaope;
Tile; Tile; AOYIOTPlle;
(Ouxva TOI
KOI 01 ouyypotJlde; TTle;
nOllloov Til YIO va Kmaypa-
l.fIOUV KOI 'In OIOOWOOUV Til
OloaoKoi\[a. H y'i,waoa Quni m6[wo
0111'1
TWV XPIOTlOVWV, 11
ana TOV 40 at. npoo-
XWPll0 KI 010'1 KQl 11
naptoup TO OUVOAO Tile;
MYlae; npo-
KaAwVTOe; TOI Tllv Ka8ltpwoll
YAWOOOe;, nou nOTt Ov
ana ne; PllTOpIKe; nlod-
KQl tp ne; YVWOTe; OPVllTIKte;
ouvnle; 0111 1I1e; Mll-
nQlodae; ,
Tabula Peutingeriana MaalwvrKO aVTivpa<jlo
01.) TlpWTaTUTlOU 01. TlOU Tla-
TOV TOTE VVWOTO aTlo Iv5io
Bpoavia. H (TIOU tva ivai
rt Kap6uj EKe; o5r]Vouv oAol 01 eKe;
01 KOI Via Ta
0
OTr] Kal 61axtoOl OTa aUTO-

U l) t- t.
115
a 21 ;\yvoia xa; avalijcia xa; JU!VTa Ta TOwiJra Exuivov-
npOrpEpOVWL u}J'lJTaiav 01 naJ.awi it m"oi xai
a 27:A yopalIUJ }1yovlIt., TO Oi: ayo[!w {Jrig-
(J"pov. Jra(}aijELYfHI.TUJY ijE flEura JravTa. E 22 Einov xai
ELm aprpirrrga H(lpa A mxoi" pii}),()v i5i to'TprnE(}Ov. I(
36 K[!aurtv Amy-oi rirv JToav, yg{wnv iji OVtJEVE" P 24
MoJ.v{Jijo, ijla wi] v xai ij AmxoL 1t 7lla}).aY-w, ov
oi JraiijE" II 36rT[!E{JJ.Oy 'fOV urga{JOv ;1yov-
IILV. OV'fW, EiJJrOJ.I,.
AUtOS f\TILXU 'Ovoflam.
lIyvoia lWL Qvwocia xat oJ.a rao,uola Ol naJ.alOi ATnxoi
fa JC!}OrpEQOllV fiE ,ua;<QQ rTJ xal aT'll' Jra(}a-
[L1:a AATjVl(JU)tU XgovlCX LX Y Vl'X1H L Tj
XaL 01:0VlO!J.0S 01:TjV nQona-
QaAljyouoa,onws ayvoLa, elVaioEw]. AyoQa-
ow ),.EV [EWOEL1:ClL OL A1:nXoL), Ev(1.J ro(1'10Qw EiVaL {3aQfJa-
QO' lLiro n(J.{jaoEiYflaW. dVaL yr:pon/ oJ.TJ 1] YQa,uj1aui.o..
(J1:qv Va},aLa. dw.e'ix7)
'aoQae; B', 20.32 OUlt ayoQ(')!l V rroQ' oUHilv Ev
brov xClL Ebra' xw fa 0110 fa !3Qiaxov,LLE
arove; Amx01l" l!eQwaouQo OjIWe; TO liQWTO. [0 1:urro;
dJraElval0(JUvqeEOl: goS onrv 'XCll a.u1:o;nou
we; K(;i!ianv .livE OL Awxoi TO XOQTa-
QL, EVW YQalJrLv OEl' ro )iEL "U,Ula OLa},Exro,. [KL 0
1:urrOe; YQaaru; EltLXQo. "loE,'(LO- VO- OcOOEL, flF EVOLo.fl OO cOv
T011:0 TO YQaaiOl]. Mo},v{3ooc; JiVE 01
JlE V Xat JlE O. OXL jiO},1!30" orrw; lVaL 0
EltLXOe; 1L"CO; rrou we; OTifl QO-J. [JaJJ.6."w
2iyOVTW raJrWOla, 0Xlrta}J,lixw. [0 nirroc;ilOU aJ1OQgL,-n: -
TO.L EltLx9o.1110 01:0 XOLVO liUJ.}'7x6.(lLl. Tov O!Qaf3o rov }Eve
oTQI;l),ov. 'Erat liX. EU;W),L,. [FWOEL1:aL 0 aU?jOwQo,
Em;(go.T11oE EOW 0Turro; ITOU anoQQi.rrTETClL: arQu{3o,J.
m;!!i 0' Epfl1]I'iae; roaovmv UV fL,7 'Ill, OVnfl(lft fl'iTt:
nJ.ljv rot. F'X HUl' {JlfJMIJ)V.
At/,LOS A1!tll1'dbl];,nf(!i 1;!}I'T]1'Uar;, U.
'Qao yla TTIV !:%c(Quuli ,uou T01)TO ,uovo Oa 7!W: onOEl' X(27)-
0l,1l0JrO['7011 01lrl' !:VCl 01'0/10 011" iva Qlil'o. nov va ,UT/V TO
i:J.w o<c4!tl (l;IV Tu f7tjj}iu.
o [\Qws AgLOIElbll; YlO-TL 01:0
ygamorou igyoDEV XQ1I<J1!.LOrrotllO 0111:< Ilia (lITO "1
y),wooa rou AO-OU, aHa aVTA110E C!JtOx)cLOuxa
wrol1'I1),La.
KOI OVTlITaPO-
Kat TOU KOI 0' Pw-
TaU 10u KOI 20u al. 0, ncpl(J(JorcpOI
6AAw(J'TC ano c'Xav KOI
0 (161-192
ano TO 180), TTOU TTapIIYTOVCTal
TOU aTT0lj1am(JTIK6 TO 50(JKaAo TOU [ouA,o
aTTO A'YUTTTOU (130-188 va
KaTaAoe" t5pa Museo
dei Conservatori).
H ATTIKIl:TIKH ANTll1PAl:H
ATTIKIITIKA AEEIKA
hov OTTlKI01l6, EVa KLvr1l10 YIO H!V ov06[wOll I-.llOe; nopwXllllvlle;
II anoia, 6Ilwe;, XI KOTOypod O Eva KT1a-
\lVO ypa\l\lOTlaK6 OW\lO, dvOi uOIK6 va KUplO p61-0 TO
'HOll ana TOV 20 al. n.X. XPOVOAOYOUVTQl 01 npwTe; ouvayw-
ye; a11lKwv ana TOU<; yVWaTOUe; ypa\l\lOTIKOUe; KpuTllTa TOV
MaAAwTll, KOI TOV A811va[0 Kavva ana
OUTa TO pyo OV EXI ow8d, WaT va TO
Tile; npwIlllle; 0p0aTllPlaTllTOe;, AVTL810, \l0e; EXOUV ow-
8d napa nOAAa anOanaO\lOTa an6 OUO a11IKloTIKa nou
ouvTax811Kav 010 xp6vla TOU IAMllvO KQl PW\la[ou
aUTOKpClTOpa Mplavou (117-138 \l.X.), an6 Tau<; ypa\l\laTlKou<; AlAlo
L'lIOVUOIO KQl nauoavia KQl anoTAouV av6e; npoona81e; an0811-
oauplOlle; YAWOOIKOU UAIKOU on6 OTTlKa pya KOI OTPOU (KUp[We;
TO npWTO) OOIlYle; Yla TllV olaAEKTou. Ano-
81100UPIOTIK6 dX yupw O1a TAllTOU 20u al. \l.x. Kal TO
OVOj.JQOTlKOV TOU nOAUOUKll (tva A1;IK6 \l
6nwe; a aYYAlK6<; Thesaurus TaU Rogel TO AAllvlKa TOU
6nou a\lw<; ouxvu 6pioKOU\l KQl TTOIOU dooue;
OOllyLe;. AKpaLe; aT1IKlaTIKE<; 801e; 0 YPOIl\lOTIKa<; etJPUVI-
xoe;, Tile; EOP0<; Tll<;
OTllV Tllv onoLa KtPOIO TAIKa
o noAuouKlle;. rupw 010 200 \l.x.
YPUlO Ma[pl<; TO
flTTlKWV KU! 'EAArjvwv flTTlKI-
orrjc:;, TO anoio OlOKp[Vl Tl<; At-
as OTT1K<; Kal AAllVIKe;,
vTaooOVTOe; OTle; OUTP<;
Tle; A1;I<; Tile; "...:
116
10 EiJxapunEiv ou/iEi, rwv ooxipwv ElmY, lV.1i xaprv
EiOivar. 27 NTJpUv ijOWIl pT/oap(ii" a}J.a H:poorpawv,
axpwrpvi,.32 HEoovVxnOv,TOIlJW,OV, ou H:OA-mXDv. 4/
Iy.ip,TOU, }.i)'c, lV.a fliJ xf!a{JfJaw, plaf!ov yal1. 50 Ko-
pLOV xOlliolOv ij XO(JiOXT/ MyoUOIV, ro OE xOl1aowv
Jral1aA-oyOl'. 74 flaVTOf/; piT Uri, an: ExaarOTE xai Dra
,TanD,. 83 Iagmoo\' -TEloav axovl1!/' nvo, J.iyovro;,
xi).VOOI' .'CllgaxoPTJoov ),fyEIV. 89 AvOivrq, PlJOb,orE
bTi rOu &oJrorov, W, oi m:l1i Tli g,jw-
{JE" aM' bri rou aliroXE/{Jo, rpOl'iIV,. 93 itxlJ11v liI"i rov
In ZEVorpwvr:a )iyovo/v atir(il xctpi;(}()w., aU /jf:
((vli:irrov XI1;;o9at., liyf oE crl. 123 "Hp'Tv' d xai EV{!iw.E-
Tal JUlfla wi; ti{}xaiol" ovx EpEiq, Il)).' lTv i:ym. 189
Ixo(!Jri/;l'taL' 'Exaraio, fJi;v rovm MyEL "lwv WI', oi oi
AmY-oi OY.Eoavwrai Ipamv. /92 'PECI., ?;UI., ,THa laxa
raiJra OWI{!Ov/IEVa. kif Ol';v I!Ei, I;Ei, ;dEI. 197 Baoiharm
ouod, niiv ci{}"taiwv ELTEV, tWa {JaoODa ij pain)),. 198
IrxxaivopaL' livn vauria, rovvopa. aJJ.' i:t!li;
{JbEAvrropar w, itOl]vaio,. 220 KaropOmpara apapra-
VOVal xavravOa oi MropE" ovx doou, on ro fJEv iJiipa
fJOxr/IOl', ro ;wropOwoal., ro D' a1ro rmJrov Ovopa atloxr-
flOl', rO xaropf)w/la. ii-;'Elv oiN lPr, (f.vopayaOlipara. 249
;ro)J.axoiJ axovw rt,v rtOEpf;vlJV b:i I'WI'
xap,Twv, tYlu I>i or;x oloa rt{!Xaiav xai box/pOl' oiJoav.
lPr, oiN a!'I'i rou xag:r:oi', AiI'm SlJ!>Ov, xai
vypov,. 290 Kpv{Jcrar I{'Ef-yE ora roii {J liyw xai XpV{JE-
0917.1, aiM ,511i roii H:r Xl!VffTcr(1.I xai xpv:r:TwOar lpaOI.
'EXJ..OYI) amxwv xai ovoparwv.
EvD.L qJavEgo on ana 't01J<; ccmxou<; ,unou<; nou a1JVlaH). 0
<PgUVlX0<; EAcXlmoL EX01JV EJlIBLI:)aEl, OE clVtl8w'l TOU<;
TUJlO1JS Tll<; rr01J xawt,,;{atEl. 'CXFI EJlLxgUTll0EL TO
svXaQwrEiv, EVC0 XClVELS OEV . eQEL TO XUQrv eiOiVUL To
Vl/QOV vorvQ, Ol]AaOll TO vWQav MWQ, TO TO TQE-
XO'IlfIEI'O, fla<; EOWOE TO I'CQO, X().L TO nO\'lnxo flwovvxrLOv
WS !IWOVVXrt, EVOl SExaonpwv cd idoar VVXUS,
nou, cpalVf:'!o.l, Ol anlxlOTe<;. To
Xeo.[3 aros 0Xt anaVTatal OTl1v Ku.wrl ilmlhlx1l,
ana xal EJlI;{gaTlloE w; OE uVTl811q TO OX{fl-
ilOV<;, X().L TO low eylvE flE TO nuQuAoYOII xOQaoW", "01J
W xOQaar, xOQQ(JuJ.. EVOl OL rimol nou E' Y.QlVOVTUl
EXOUV OXOl !;F.X(lmel. Tq xOQirv xu lvm
go. Cryvwow, EVOl 10 0a(20W arro.vtC<Tm OTI]V KalV/l LJwll+
X'I ;Wl TO oaQwvw ElV().l %Ol'vOXgl]OTO. on] ()')Hlaola 1!gww.
o%owcil;w %().l a.gyon:Qu. xawrJrQirpw, xawAvw. To a MiI'-
"l<; CJtlxgCrTI]OE OTI] ml!wola. ownarryr; itOU rill' XUT(10IXCr-
t;El 0 ({!gUVlX0<; (f'Oi,OVOrt PQloznm '10'1 oroI' Eu )"i.Oll)
XUl EnESl]OE TI] flogCPlj aC('ivr'lS oliflEga, '1 0'1-
p.o.ola avr6Xl'r(} rpovcvs i.IIOUOV1i0'1% oAorc).u To 0.%/l'7V
fl EVOl((flr.rJO 'IITO TO a%o,wi(v) EOWO TO o.xaflll' ,0 'il"lv
TOV Tuno "povv, TO lWVIXO Enct;1l0E a1JTOUOIO,
ono)<; Wl TO EJlw'1<; lWVIXO nouvUlQE10 EVa) EXOUV
sXao'Ei. to. En, oXEoawurm, ill,cT, n01J (J1JVLCJ1('1
o mnxloTll . To. xaroQllwfia.ra ;WI. "1,1'-
v'I,aara Emt;ouv orlflEgC1 fwt;l T(I cll'oQaya.-
Il'/flam X().L (IV OWL TO ngOlw alIo "1
),OylCl oM 'fE),0; TO xQI",nc'w' ':EXaa''1,.E, VtI) 0 rimo<;
%Qv{3ErW EXEL cJlLxgm1ioEL.
LTpo80e; Tae; OtjJIe;, TOV voOv" yla TOV ITapTpt-
TO Tau (ITpiITou 342-292 IT.X.), ITau G Tau 40u at. ILX.
noAAoi aTTlKloTte; 8wpouoaY TOV KITp6owITO
Ni:ae; ITp6TUITO aTTIKaU Aoyou, O TOY A/AIO LllovuolO ITOU aVTAi
alTo OUTav rroAAa AI' Kat yAwooa Tau ivOi aIT6
(A. Lesky), VTOUTOIe;
OITWe; aopioToU Kal ITpoovoyytAAouv
o<l>pUY1xOe; K4lpa<1 aITopia TOU: OUX OPW TOV 'HpaKAto Ti TTC10XOUOIV oi TOY Mi:-
iiyOVTe; Kat aipOVTe; imi:p TO oITay. Ti i'xw;
OTi Hi a.po TWV opw ITpi TOY TOOTOV
2.51 TiJ rail OTga{Jo, ilJrwrtxov. 3.136 '0 ya{! (bjJvxo, il>IW-
I'I.!<OI'. 6.25 '0 YU{J piOvoo, i:Jr:i rtYOIlWV Mmi-vo{!!p &:lJooOw,
9.15/ '0 ya{! Eiolipwl' lnl'Ollox0'l{!Ov.
Jlo},ulirlrXlli, 'Ol'opaarrxov.
H J.iSIJ arQo.[3a, riVal OIJ."o"x", H
n01J E'(XQlVETClll:lvUl u.lo, OTQr/U6;]. H J.ic,1J a1/Juxo, [<nq
Ol]flaoia &J.a,j fillar 0'l,1l01lx1 T'l XQli01l r'le; ",tllvaoe;
yw anQfe; ae; rTJ xaQi.aov.lIf orov Mtvavb(}o. [nofJ.OL aTUY-l-
OTEC; OEV OcOJgouoav WI' XOJ!lIXO nOl11ui 11]<; NEa<; KU)fW)OLa<:;
;rQOT1JJtQ mTlxou AOyou, 01: aVTl8wI] JlE 101' Alho L'>LQVUCJlO
!WU UV1AEi mr' a1Jl0V no),i..Q 11 i,ES-I] n01J
fY,{Qlvtul [l\,UL .flff)VOrL7.0C;, EVW 'YLQ yuvaLzn; CHt... b(Et'Cll
YJ X\!l'IlJ",\ 1"'1<; uilll'oor:]. H ",,':;,/ d"Jli,uw/' rim' wrpa}cj'vIJ.
[H ),Es-'1 nou l:yXgivHCll lVCll EJr:wnlilUJ"].
I{!aiJ, ;r),1/0VVT/xii'J, fl.rri<ii'Jq, ypaia, 'Ei.J.'lvlxii'Jr;. "EiT./01'
oh'ov, uux olvov ;\ m.<w" "F.q;ayol' X{!Em" ou X{!Fa, ;\rn-
XIO" Ka8IJoo i\rrl.){I;)5', xaOov xOl1'(ii,. Mnoiuv itrnx0"
M/fJia [ ... 1 TiJ"f\'IX(W. NEil' xai I'lilWOar Ihnxtii" xo-
),vp/Jav 'EiJ,ITYIXW;. Oipal xai %pal 'lmxii'J" v/lfii?;w
'EJJ.I/v/xw;, 'Oirl;V ,tIT/XW" TpvJr:lJpa 'E),i.ITVlXii'J,. Ov;
it ITIxcii;, mriov 'Eilllv,xLiJ,. IWfJf!ov 1\ mxro" UTI1((!"'Ol'
'EiJ'lJvrxri.J,. I1pii., ATrlZW" aUror'" 'f:))'IJVlx1i'J,. Ta(1J!'ov
j\mxwq, niyavov 'E2J.'1v/xw;. tpaOi I1.rT/xlii" EL7fE ')).''1-
VlY.wq. <Paxir', EvleXW, "ai O'/AI!XW; "E)),'1VE" (/,axov;, ;ri.1J-
OVV1IXWq, itmxw,. Xlii, xai }\mxii'J" xai
I:tOEOll'OV 'Eil1TV1XOI'. XoavTJI' ATT/xw,. ;(a1l'l/1' "EMl]vcq,
MOl!)..,., At-gClr; ;'\ mXI;jv "ai 'EMlr,ow.
KYPIAKOL: TLANTLANOfAOY
117
0 (101-177 II.X.): 11 KO'
OKTlvo6ollio TOU OplOTJKci t.WTtpo
TOU MciplIOPO, a. II.X.
E6v'K6ApxalOhoY'K6 MouaEio).
HXEi bi Jldaywv ).tyvponaTov JTEpi Tit iaurou {)(J)(!a TE
;wi o[OVJfE!! rour; J1rll'U.r; xai rour; Z;aTVpOVr;
!paai JrotTfrai rE Tit OpTJ xai nE(!i Tit bivb(!a
W(!{I- hovr; rF.[!;ropivovr;, aTE rour;povlltxwrarovr; rwv
(JC;WV iavrofi ,To)1rar; TE xai ivoixovr; qwv i\JTO}J.O) u:
xai "APrE/ILV, oilr; 0 lraVTWV ZEiJr; OJ, tv xa)J.iau,JJ
rOVrfll rijr;ofllovpi:vqr; irpuucv, LV' lev rtJ.tOt TqV POVIlt-
xai ATfrw {jtit TptWl' iripwv vljuwv {jyarEv dr;
pirni" tv piufll TIp Aiyaifll rql' LJiiJ.ol', itOTJval'
JrOtTJUallCVOr; aUr:fi Tijr; 6bou. Jij).ov bi xai navr; Tofi
.Tdayou; ro !pVUEI IIOTIUtXOV, Ii rE EVOUr; apxiir; aVlixcv
Wfmf'(! aUov nvit xopOv rOv rail' l'IjUWl', at {jtEtlTJ!puiat
ro ;rtJ.ayor; Jro)J.ai ;rgor; aUIj).ar; Jravujr;
IIVl/lou lJtOvpapfJtxofi 8iapa if'(!wrE(!ov vavratr; rE xai
i..TtfJaratr; !pail'ov-rat, ;etvbvvrov u: xai XaTo.
voiil' fovro;; JlJ.ofi 1/luXa,/(Oyia (Jaupil.rmj.
AiA.LO;Al.lHll"eib'lS Eir; TO AiyailJv JliJ,ayor;, Ll-12
a.Kcil).
K, axo},oya y},v){vuQa am) y' aiJa ni},u.ya YQIYVQW an'
raxaQLa/lara){a rayc;Jf,'!j,uaru YOV, OlrOJe; Ot [laVE(; Xat Ot
I:arvQ04 ,aue; iJVE 01 nou)rir;, axo}oyovv YQ'YVQW a.;ro ra
(;ivrea, JUlV",) am fJovva, fE TIe; xa}.oxCHQtfC; aav xaiQo-
vra, Lllxove; rov XEI ro AlyaLo roue;,aovOIXOTEQOVe; 8wve;
J70A/rc-:. %Qt, T.OV AJro}..i.wvfI. %Qt OJ!' ;\guPl},
novo Lliar;, o,{OVWl' naYEQae;, Ei5w, oav or'WQWOTEQO
f(iQoe;, rove; OQWE va. )'EVl'7)OO1;V. OTT) /lOVO"")
)'LQ. va EivaL rO,Ewe x, irpSQE TIl YQLa VIWla nSQvw-
vwe; aVa, XUT(/Uwie; ow AtyaLo, L1,lo -XI '-mEL}, TTIl'
A Ol)"a OOl7yfJTQa. il'OIXat OWl' xa.Oiva 'IpOVUI-
XI) wv Alyaiov axoQnwE xloi,ae; ano Y7)v aQX1) oav
OE XOQo ra vTJOW va "arilOVV ro nJ,oyo, xw xo!)wr; CJ,lli-
yOVl', Jri,fJ8o;I'Eya},o, w i"afE Y' aUo rpOl'EQ(;'VOVl' OT!JV;.
l'OVW; XI EJ lliam;Oialla JUo 'EQ6 a:;ro xaOE iJlBvea/,p,xo
xUx,ln orOI' XillOVVO, 1jJvlaywyLa Oavl'aou),
oral' "aTanwe; 8iJ.EL (j vove; rove; ae,llEl'i/;ovv
oAU,LOS AQLOTd0'l' cno aUTO 10 Al-
yaLo. 2:LyoUQa rj ILEniepQa011 ClOlXEL 10 nQunOTU1\:o, XL lOLO,
10 va !-Lac :TQoxa)..El XawiyEAa' avOflLO, C;t-
nxoou!-Lt 10 XELflEVO fiE W xQlT1iQw T11, EurpWVLaC;, T'1C;
EUQuOfllaC; Xa.L TLOV 6XALOV ClTC(]L11ioEWV "1, ClQ!-LOVlOS",
01tW; n,x. w. aVClA-uH a L'.LOvvmoc; ano A),lxaQvaooo
o-ro flcQi ovv8iowx; 6vo,IIcirwv -lwi"j JttQIOOOTE\lO, QV
EmXElQlioo'UfLE vaT.QV axolmou,llE" TO ),oyo(TlllV lIQLOTaQ-
I.LX1i TOU TOTE Sa HI flaOTOQIU Til,
ouvOwIlC;XG.l 111 yOll":danouWIOQOVOE va 0 01jJl-
flOC; flOUOLXO; ooqJLUTl.XOC; ),oyoe;.aXOfla;<CLLavOEY yLVOTaV
(mohw xawvO'1TOe;.
H ATTIKILTIKH ANTlllPALH
H(AEYTEPA IOCl>IITIKH KAI HrAnIIA THI
'OWV, npoc; TO TSAOC; TOU 10u n,X. aI., smKpanlOs OlO sMllvlKa
YPollllOTa 0anIKloll0C;, TO nptinonou Sa nsplllVa\-lS va6psSsiOTO
nsplSwplO siVOl11 Ilnopsi11 SswpiaTOU eu Myelv va
AOUSouos va OIOaOKSWI owaxOAdo, \-lnopsi Ol \-lopejlW\-lSVOl, -EMll-
VSC; KOl va TO Pyo TWV AnlKwv
PllTOpwv, va Ta \-lSASTOUOOV KOl vasmxslpouoavva Ta Illll1180uvOlO
xapTl, oMa11 sq,aplloollsvll 11 PllTopsio, siTS So
SIlSVS ana TO YSVlKO pC:U\-la TOU anlKlOIlOU, siTS 80
mv. nLi;C;.80 OUVClTO, oKsqnollooTs, va txouv smTuXlo 01
psC;, av os IllAouOav TllV yAwooa, TllV nou TllV
KOToAa60lvs 0 K08svac;, aMaTllv olaAsKTo TOU 50u KOl TOU
40u n.X. OlWVO; KOl OIlWC;..
flOIlsyaAll 1l0C; OUVaVTOU\-lS anaTOV npWTO we; TOUAaXI-
OlOV KOl TOV KTO IlSWXPlCITIOVIKO OlWVO vov OAOKAllPO OCITSPIOIlO
ana Ooq,lCJTSe;", nou 11 TOUe; OSV TOOO OTll ouyypaq,l-
KOI TOUe; OP00111PIOTllTO, 000 Olll TOUC; OSlVO-
TllTO MIAoullS Yla 01l\-laVTlKSe; npOOwTIlKOTIlTSe; oav TOV l'>[wva TOV
XpUOOOlOIlO (10C; Ol.), TOV <lla6wp,lvO (10e; / 20e; al.),
TOV HpWOll TOV ATTlKO KOl TOV AiAIO AploTcioll (20e; Ol,), TOUe; <llu\o-
OlpaTOUe; (30e; al.), TOV GSlliOTlo, TOV I\l6avlo Kal TOUe; 1l0811Te; TOUe;
(40e; at.), KOl noAAOUe; aAAOUe;, nouOAOI TOUe; va XPllOI\-l0nOI-
ouv, \-ls nsploooTSPll AIYOTPll OUOlllPOTllTO KOl E:nlTUXla, T1lv anop-
118
..,.:! -"--'
XOlWIJ8VIl, aMo OlOOlllJ1l ATTlKrl yAwOOa. 08 OAOKAIlPO
TOV 8MIlVOpWlJa"iKo KOOIJO, Ol 00IOT8e; Tile; 118UT8pae;, onWe; TIlV
OOI01lKrle;, 80lVaV OIlIJ00l8e;, np08TOllJaOlJ8V8e; rl aUTO-
OX80l8e;, 08 80pTOOTlK8e;, 8PIlOK8UTlK8e;, nOAlTlK8e;, K.O.
8KOIlAW08le;: Ol IJOPWIJ8VOI TOUe; OL 0PxOVT8e; TOUe; 8nLOa-
ljJlA8uav Tl1J8e; KOl OM8e; alJol68e;, TO 1J8YOAO nArl80e; TOUe; un008XO-
TOV 1J8 8v80UOLaOIJO KOl TOUe; WUIlIJOUo. nwe; TO KaTO8pvav;
'EX8l nptina 0lllJao[a va OTl TO XPOVla K8lVa Ol
00LOT8e; aOKouoav npWTa KOl novw an' OAa TO m081KTlKO, KalJLO
opo KOl TO "OU 1J60UAUTlKO PllTOPlKO Y8VOe;: anrlVY8Mav Aoyoue;
naVllyuplKOue;, napOlV8TlKOUe;, naPIlYOPIlTlKOUe;, YKWlJla 08 8Oue;
KOl av8pwnoue;, 8UxaplO1rlPLa, KAn., onou 08 OAO aUTO TO n8p18X01J8-
VO aUTO Ka8aUTO OV 8X8l TOOIl 0lllJaOla 001l fI lJa010plKrl PIlTOPlKrl
ouv8OIl KOl napouolaOll TOU AOyOU.
Ae; OK8TOUIJ8 aKOlJa OTl TO KOIVO, (nav OV TO anOTAouoav Ola-
VOOUIJVOI KOl nou OAOl TOUe; KOAaKuovTOV va
nL01UOUV OTl ov rlTOV avAArlVlOTOL, IJnopouo, KQT8XOVTae; Tllv
K01Vrl, va napaKOAOu88l OKp8e; 1J80e; Tle; aTTlKlO1LK8e; Kal
iowe; 0 v80UOlaOIJ0e; nou 808lXV Ka88vae; va rlTOV aVTI01poWC;
avoAoyoe; npoe; TO 6a81J0 Tile; KaTaVOIlOrle; TOU. To IOlO alvOlJ8vO
ov napaKoAou80uoaIJ8 KL 1J8i<;, OTav npIV ana AiY8e; OKa- '"
Tie; Ol aKpOQT8e; XlpOKpoTOuoav navllyupIKOUe;, KaIJlO opo
KOl KIlPuYlJaTO, O 6aSLo Ka8apuouoa rl -
yAwooa;
AKOlJa, 08V IJnOpOUIJ8 va anOKA8ioOUIJ8 Til OU-
vaTOTIlTO Ol 001018e; Tile; ll.8uT8pae; LOIOTlKrle;
va 8Kavav, 000 IJlAOUOav, Kon0l8e; napaxw-
PrlOLe; O1a ouYXpovo TOUe; 8AAllVIKO, oi-
youpa npI000T8pe; ana Tle; AlYe; nou
0111 ypamrl 1l0Prl TWV
01J1AlWV, onwe; Tle; ixav KOW081 KOl
Ilae; OW8IlKav.
To onoUOOlOTPO aUTol OL PrlTO-
p8e; va npo8poUV
TO QTTlKO 118 TllV apX1Krl npoo(uoia.
TOUe;, OIlAaOrllJ Ta lJaKpo Kal Ta 6pa-
X8a WVrlVTO KOl TO 1l0UOLKO TOVI-
OIJO TOUe;, KOTl nou, 08 OUVOuaOIJO
118 Ta YVWOTO "YOPY[la OXrlllaTO (TO 0IlOlOT8A8UTO, Ta 0IlOloapKTa,
Ta lOOKWAa KOl Tle; napIlXrl08le;), 8KaV8 Tle; OIlIAice; TOUe; va aKOUYO-
VTOl m:plooon:po oav 1l0UOlKOe;-nOlIlTlKOe; napa oav AOyoe;.
OL llapTUpi8e; 81vOl noM8e;, KOllloAL01a !;8POUIl OTL 1l8p1KO[ TO napa-
Kavav, TOOO, W018 va OIKOlWVOUV TO xapaKTilP101J0 TOU Otto
Weinreich, nou 8u01oxa TOUe; ovolla08 PrlTOpce; TWV ouvauAlwv
(Konzertredner)I ,
o<1JABQPIN02.: ITH PQMH
JW}yopEvov Of aurou xara rr,v 'PWJlTIV w:rn:a Ill'
oJrouor;e;mivra, xaiyi<Q iJr, xaiOOOL rr;e;'EJJ.ljvWV 'pWl'lje;
aSVvErot outJi TOll1:ot<; arp' r,iJovijr; r, a)({}OaOLe;
a}J.a xaxdl'our;tOElYE rfi rE rou rpOEyJlaTOe; xai
OTfltail'ovn rou pJ.ip/laror; xai r(ij rfie; y},WIT'le;,
'':;CfJ.YE Of auroiJr;rou J,oyov xairo /;;r; Jrii-mv, 8ixE[VOI
piv0iJr,vixft.J-OIJ1I, EytiJ lifrpu-OTt/liav, iJralir, ro[r;aJrOOE-
OELypivOLr;irpvpvELrat.
<!>l.:"PIO; 'tl.OO'tQUTO;, BiOI flOp/rn:wv, 491,9-13
(tzo.c.l.. Kayser).
'Orav Jrw.//lv.ovaE ar'! Pw!,,!, o}ox)'!Q'! '! JrOA7I avaara-
rwvorav' ytaTiJlf fvxagiaT,!(1) rov cixovyav aXaJla )(QL
GaOl OfV Tllv E})'!vl.X-q y},uaaa' Tove;; ,II[
rovIIXo T1); rpwv-q; XQLlifTO fXqJgaaUy,of3UJ.lJla xQLJ.lf ro
QVO,lla T1); yJ.waaa; Tove; xw'! xawxJ.dOa Tll(
xciOf Oll/Jia;,Jrov fXfil'OI TIll' oVGlwi;al' aJA.6 :;-,:)
T1) Ofwgw rrQaaOf1:1] mWfLs1), :oa()w;lCQwm o}.oX),1)QWVfL
xavei;u; alCoOrii;w;;rov, xwvarEQa r1)v arrayyiJ.J.rt.
To Tau AIVOiOU, E6w Tav 'Epwra.
MWOO"KO 0TlJ .... 20<; 01. IT.X.
<DANH2: I. KAKPI6H2:
119
0, rpC/(; I<papx<,. IK6va 1450
nar{!OIpavir; peraJ,OlO voov J,oyE, ({IigU{!E pvOov,
({IwrOr; aXP01:arOV ({Iwr; ax{!ov, 0;6yovE, [ ... ]
a;wl'Or; mi!}TJPQ., pcya;<Jar;, oJ!JtMW{!E,
u!jJOpol", ougav!, iCavaOevc. (iaO/la voov...
fQ11YO!!WC;, Eic; Xgwrov,
pcril. rT,v Ev r0 1UI.ITa, (P.G. 37,1325l(.;.).
rivvl].ua Iov JrarEQa, J.oyr wv ,Uryo),ov vov, acpQoarr,
uXQo ({IW!; rov o%gorarov ffJwros, /LOVOYfV17, [ ... J
migac; rwv mwvwv, /lryaJ.ooot;E, XOl}I]yi rwv ayaewv,
v1jJiOeol'e, oveavLC, navroovva,IlTJ inory wv "ov ..
Mioa OE iva XEl!IUQQO iIQoaoloQIO/lWV YlO. tOY avaonivw
XQw"to, C#i;H va w cma!; tOv
1rarQorpa1lrye;, oioyo1los, oV/lrpwis, xaOwc; XOL "to. &avEW
anD aQxala iIOll101l rpE(}U{]Oe; V,las. i\ [86,
B 201, !tAn), uJ/JiOQovoe; (Onmavou. J(vvllyew<a, 2. 4).
6i.f3l00WQOe; (EVQl.itL011C;. '/nJrolvroe;. 750). To enLOno
novaliFvlje; atIav"ta '110. rrgOJ"tll cpoQa Ol:ov "to"
A),ESavOQEa.
0; tJi /IETa raUra rji,.Tuv'lt!ii.T7/yije; 6Xcroi... f\xw-tOr;
xai xa! erO(fllor; xai Enol/{!LUI'O;;' oi J.eyO/IEVOl
pe., iJ pi[ da/v, Ol'r; oe. jj J.f:o/wO(l/ ally. til' ';(OVTllloo. yl!-
vawov iii 'T!!Or; Wl; II TJptf;O/IEvW, xiipal rl.vOflo-
'fi.OurOl {ji... xai itvaUdUT{!U1l' Mdr!aa
n{loporov yVW;, xa! KaUTI!l>!ia l.'arol!vivov, ;/ai Eir/pa-
"ia, rl.1J1f!/pw'lj. Tir;' ril. /ji J.Oi,TiI. ail/oilltal xai Jiyt:Lv.
llu).Au/iLO" Au(i.oyo, iurOI!IXO, iff!!i roii {liov
xai lroi.tuia; rol}paxapiov 1WII.l'VOV, O'T. 8098
(f;.:b.A.M.Malingre)').
Na nO/Ol ryra1l Ol 0XEro( rile; JWVI19ry; 0 AxaxLO;
Y.fll /ll'rioxo; :lOl 0 eEoq;tJ.Os i<at I:ef317Q,avo;, aura!
.rJU On' n..;iS(H:)' i'a ).. f1E TOll titJo JTOV il.ulJV
[OIJ;.U01') ercloxonol]' Ei"01 arryv a),I/0rw aUTO nou (leV
OY:I.OVrCll va wwvov,' rOlJ/,OOll O%El!lQolJ ... XL ana !is
yU1laiy.ce;, ci<rOe; wro avrie; nov af oi,01Jt; EiVQl v"warE;,
I.ryeEt;, aJ,)'6 v,ovo/.(:<; or avogr;, twv al"
oewv xat eaowuQYcs, II Mrieaa I] yvva;i<a TOV flQoJlorav
"al 17 KaarQl?tia wv I:o.ro{wivov "al II f'.1/Qacpia, flta
o),orda rQfJ,;) yvvaixa. To. vno),olJ-ca \'!QiJro/lw va III Aiyw.
To anoonoopa, anD 'to f.Q'IO TaU naAAaolou, EmOI.OltOU
(ncQ. 36-J-43l), uvarpEQEwl onlY xmo 'tou
XQvoomopov oxeuwQLo ro 404!1.X.l:lvUL xaQaxrI1QL-
Ol:I.'Y.o 8EO)'0'lLl(liC; rro),qu"(liC;, !J.E "tov
VilUV n:Of.U rrQooOloQlonxwv AE Huv, nov
OV umiQXovv 010 ),1;lXO: 6vogon},ovra4 rogot;d"OQL04
(;1'oodor[!W4 6..uCP1flavrye;
20
H ATTIKllTIKH ANTlllPAlH
H rAnIIA TnN nATEPnN THI' EKKAHIIAI
nOAAOi 8wpouv on 01 nOTtpe; TOU
40u KQl TOU 50u at. Tile;
npaYPQTI 11 yAwaoa TWV' TIoJn:P!KWV 1-.IIlEVuJIi OE.Ii ola<ptp1 OUalQO'lI-
KO ana Til yAwaoa TWV Tile; Tile; npIO-
OOU nou anOKQAlTOI LIuTPIl 01 nOTtpe; iVOl
AAIlVOlla8toTOTOI, TWV llyOAWV axOAWV TT1e; KOl
iVOl KOTOXOI le; 6080e; OAIle; Tile; H y),WOOO
TOUe; QKOAOu8d Tllv napoooOTj TOU onwe; auvTIlPlTCII
one; 8VIKte; axOAte;, Kupiwe; Til oloaOKaAia Tile; nou
dVOlIl KUplO tK<ppaOTj Tile; KaMltpYlae; Tile;
Ta nOTpIKc1 oV YP0<PTIlKOV 110VO yla OKonOUe; AO-
YOTXVIKOUe;. 01 nOTtpe; ixov va avnllTwn[oouv TOUe; 8V1KOUe;
AOY[OUC;, nou nop6l3oolle;.
01 XPIOTlovoi MYlOl O<pIAOV VO tC; 6080e; Til 8upa8v
nmola, Yla va ivm O 8tOll va anoAoyouVTOl untp TaU xplOTlaVI-
KOl va IlIlV UOTPOUV O OUYKPIOTj TOUe; 8VIKOUe;. 0 rpllYo-
plOe; 0 O IJIO TOU OTOV SVI-
KO qJIAOOOqJO KOI LTOyiplo 0IJOAoYl:
'ATT1KOe; OU nOiOWOlv; OTTIKOl Kol (I) 01
nQTSpe; [XOV niOT]e; va oVTlIJOWnlOouv TOUe; Qlp-
TIKOUe;, nou 0lJqJI06T]TOUOOV TT]V OMSIO TOU opSOU
OOYIJQTOe;. H qJtAOOoqJ[o KOI T]
noplXOV IOXUPO onAO OTOV oyWVO TT]e; onOAOYllTl-
KOI TT]e; SOAOylOe;. H oPYOVWIJSVT]
opoAoyio KOl T] Kupiwe; T]
KOI T] lVOI YIO TOUe; nQTS-
pe; T] OTSPT] 600T] OTIe; OOYIJQTIKSe;
'ETOl SVO IJYOAO nMSoe; qJIAOOOqJIKWV opWV, KUp[We;
npOOOIOplOTIKWV TWV TT]e; 8OTT]TOe;, UIO-
80lTOI ana TOUe; nQTSpe; KOl IJSOW OUTWV IOSPX-
TOI OTil yAWOOO TWV XPlOTlOVIKWV KIIJSVWV.
'OIJWe; Il 600T] Tile; OIOOOKO-
Aioe; lVQl TO 616AlKO KlIJVO, TOOO Tile; nOt-wa<; 000
KOl Tile; Kwvfj<; ,1lQBr)KI')<;. AUTO 0llIJO[V1 OTl Il YAWO-
00 TOUe; OUOlOOTIKO ana Til yAWOOO TT]e;
B[6AOU. T] OVOYKT] TOU KT]pUYIJOTOe; Kal
TT]e; TOUe; OOT]Y[ nOMSe; <!lopse; OTIlV nl-
Voe; YAWOOIKOU Tunou onAOUOTpOU, nou Bp[-
OKHal nOAU KOVTO OTT]V OIJIAOUIJVIl yAWOOO TT]e;
AKp16we; YIO TOUe; Aoyoue; OUTOUe; nopOTT]-
PlTOI OIOqJOpO OTO nlnoo Tile; yAWOOOC;, TOOO OVO-
lJOa OTOUC; nQTSpe;, 000 KOI OVOIJOO OTO KlIJVO
TaU lOIOU ouyypoqJSo. 0 XpUOOOTOIJOC; AX lVQl
onAouOTpOC; KQl yAuKuTpOe; OTO KilPuYIJOTO TOU,
vw O SWPllTlKO OOKllJIO TaU mASYl yAwooa m-
OTJIJOTPT]. 0 iPT]YOpIOe; 0 lVQl OTTIKO-
TpOe; OTa KlIJVO TOU, OnAOlJOTpOe; KQl XOPISOTpOe; OTIe; fl!-
OTOAe; TOU, VW OTO TOU aKOAouSl Tle; TOOIe; TOU
0P1VIOIJOU, IJ TT]V 0PXQlonpsnlo TT]e; yAwoooe; Kat TWV IJETpWV.
o BOOlAIOC; 0 Msyoe; oipoOi nOAASC; qJopSC; OTO YAWOOlKO uljJoC; TOU
nAc'nwvo 1,01 Tall LlT]IJOoStVll, onwc; a <!JWTlOe;, eveD OTIC;
mOTOASC; TOU IVOl onAouOTpOC; 0 iPT]YOPIOC; 0 NuoOTJe; iVOI
nploooTPO qJlAOOOqJOe; KOI KIVlTOI OTO YAWOOlKO uljJoe; TT]e; nAQTW-
KOI qJIAOOOqJlOC;. LTO lOIO KAlIJa KIVOUVTOI KOl 01
OAAOI 'EAAIlVC; nQTSpe; TOll 40u KOI TOU 50u at. IJ.X
EivOI 6s6QlO OTl 01 nOTSpe; nOAAe; oPxoiwv
ouyypoqJSWV, TO spya TWV ono[wv OV OIOOWST]KOV, VW 01
[0101 IJ OUvalJT] OlllJlOuPYT]oav nM-
Soe; VOAOYIOIJWV. 0 TpOOTIOe; OUTOe; ST]oaupOe;, nou So IJnopOUO
va TO AAT]VIKO Il XIA100C; KOl OT]IJO-
oie;, oV SX1 OKOIJT] OVIXVUSl. ..'
Xlpoypa'l'O TWV 'D/JlAlwv TaU Na-
ai, (tal. 5r) TaU Ilvll).

121
EILA,O,H
BYZANTIO
(elKPlTO 6s6olWe; KQl OVIOTOPIlTO)
Tllv SKXPlmlOVIOIlEVIl OUTOKpO-
Topio, Ils OIOIKIlTlKO KQl nOAITIOTlKO KEVTpO Tllv KWVOTOVTl-
VOUnOAIl, nou KOTel KQlpOUe;, ana TO 330 we; TO 1453,
OTlIlOVTlKO SOel<jJ1l OTllv Eupwnll, Tllv Aoio KQl Til BOPSIO ITO
XPOVIO Tile; Tile; SKTSIVOTOV ana TOV EU<jJPelTIl we; TIlV lonOVlO
KOl ono TOV NsLAO we; TOV Iwuvo61l. 01 nOlKlAWVUIlOl Aooi nou KOTOI-
KOUOOV 0' OUTEe; Tle; SKTSTOIlEVe; SmKpelTSISe; sixov EVa KOIVO Xopo-
KTIlPlmIKo: snllPsaoilEVOl, elMo I Aiyo elMOl nOAu, ono TOV
EMIlVlKO nOAlTlOIlO, <jJOpEOe; TOU onolou npWTlmWe; Il yAWOOO.
'()e; Tllv TOU HPOKAslOU (610-641) tmw KOl
onoouvollWIlEVIl Il Tile; OTIl VOll08solo, mo mpOTO
KQl OTIl OlOlKIlOIl 'OIlWe; KQl Il dxs ana KQlPO sm6AIl8sL we;
yAWOOO TWV TomKWV OIKomllpiwv KQl TWV VOTOPlOKWV KQl
SV IlEPSI Tile; VOllo8soloe; (Nsapai). nelVTWe; OTOUe; npWTOUe; QlWVSe;
Tile; lmopioe; TOU U<jJimOTQl tvo sLOOe; OlyAWO-
alae;, nOpelAAIlAIl TWV SMllvIKWV KQl TWV AOTIVIKWV.
'ETOl, 1l0AOVOTl 0 HPelKAIOe; 8EonlOS TO SMIlVlKel we; sniOllll1l yAWOOO
TOU KpelTOUe;, mo OUAIKO TSASTOUPYIKO, OTIl VOll08salo, mil OTpOTlW-
OIO[KIlOIl KQl mllv OIKOVOIl[O (OVOIlOTO VOIlIOllelTWV, <jJOpWV KQl
8SOIlWV) OIOTIlPsLTQl Il opoAoyio.
o OKPOYWVIO[Oe; Al8oe; TOU KOlVWVlKOU KOI 1l8lKO<jJiAOOO<jJIKOU
Tile; OUTOKpOTOpioe; dVOl OVOIl<jJ160Awe;
Il TOU XPlmlovlollOU. To OVOllo 'EAAIlV OSV 0IlAWVSI mo Tllv
TOUTOTIlTO, oAM TOUAelXlOTOV we; TOV 100 01. Tllv
mllv SIOWAOAOTplO. 0 OMOKOTOe; YAWOOlKOe; OXIlIlOTlOIlOe; SAAllvo-
8PIlOKOXPloTo-6Mo<jJ1l1l0e;" TO nvsullo KQl Til vooTponio
1l10e; OAOKAIlPIle; To anooTpE<jJSTOI TOV SAAIlVIOIlO,
onooEXSTol WOTOOO TO Til Tile; EMil VI-
yAwoooe; ana TOUe; XPlOTIOVOUe;. 0 fPIlYOpIOe;
TOV IOXUPIOIlO TOU IOUAIOVOU TOU AnOmelTIl (331-363),
o onoioe; 8swpouos Tllv yAwooa we; opyavlKo OTOIXsLO HIe;
0PxOlOe; 8PIlOKsLOe; KQl ouvsnwe; aAAOTpia TOU XPlmIOVIOIlOU.
'EXSI OlOTunw8sL Il elnOlj!1l OTI EVOe; ana TOUe; AOyoue; Tile; TOxsLOe;
TOU XPlmlOVIOIlOU OTl 01 smmOASe; TOU nau'\ou, Ta
EUOyytAIO, aAM KOI Il npWlll1l YPOllllOTsLO (AnooToAIKoi
nOTEpSe;) s[xav ypa<jJd ma SAAIlVIKel, KQl llelAlma as npOOlTel EAAIlVI-
Kel, KaTel TIlV TOU noui\ou (np6C; KOPIV8iouC;, A' 14, 9): "EOV
c;(jolllloV AOYOV OWTS, T1We; TO AaAoullsvOV; Sosa8E
yap Sle; 6po AOAOOVTSe;". SlVQl sn[OIle; Il yAWOOO TWV IlSYel-
AWV nOTEpWV Tile; EKKAIlOioe;, TWV OIKOUIlSVlKWV Iuvoowv, TWV 8sa-
AOylKWV npoYIlOTwllV KOI TWV Kavovwv TOU 1l0VaXIOIlOU. ITO SAAIl\l,-
Kel, Aomov, KOToppimSTOl Il SIOWAOAOTpio KOI ma SMIlVIKel
OloAaAsL Il EKKAllola Til VKaxunOlj![o Tile; Yla Kel8s TI SMllvIKO.
To Kupla XOPOKTIlPIOTIKel TOU nVSUIlOTlKOU 6iou dVOl
Il mo XPlmlOvlollo KQl Il mllv
sMllvollo8sla. 'OIlWe; Il SMIlVOllel8s10 <jJEpSI TO mty-
110 TOU OlxoOIlOU. Ana Til Ilio IlSPlO 6pioKSTQl 11 SMIl-
128
nou vapen8lnpoe; TT]V anAoum8UOT] KQl TllV
0IlOIOllopep[a, KQl nou onOOExnQl KQl OepOllOiWV81 TOXUTOTO TO
AOylKO 06v8Ia. Ana TT]V OMT] opSwvnal KQl
T] 60K11l0e; KQl Aoy[a, T] TT]V onolo
11 napoooOT\' M8 TOV KQlPO 1l0Alma TO xoolla
Ol8UpUVnQl 118 anOTEAwlloHl0IlIlIOUPY[O Illae; WLOT\IlIle; OIYAwooiae;
(OpSOT8PO lowe;: OIIlOpepioe;). KQl T] 118 Tle; nOlKiA8e;
TomKEe; nopoAAOYEe; KQl T] AOY[O 118 Tle; nOAuno1KIA8e; OIOV-
S[081e; KQl TO OioepopnlKO Wln800OT]1l10UPYOUV lli0 BaBEA,
wm8Il 1l8AETIl Tlle; yAwoooe; vo onoSoppUV8l OKO-
Illl KQl TOUe; XOAKEVT8pOUe; 8P8UVT]Tte;.
Oi Aomov OiOVOOUIl8VOI TO 06YIlQTO
TaU xplmLOVlOIlOU, OAM milyAWOOO TWV ATTiKWV PIlTOPWV KQl TaU
W , ,
0 p,;
nAOTWVO, a oru\oe; AOOe;, IO[We; Tile; uno[Spou KQl TWV wapXiWV, ,.0,.' '.:j
oVTiSno mllvKOSOlliAOUIlVIl nou ..If? - :t...,"*,
TQl 1l0KPl0 ana K088 'ETOl 08V 8lVQl OIOAOU .': " e: '*'
TO OTl 0 KUPlO<; OYKO<; TWV K811lVWV':'f. "...",r.:; '"t)J
nou OW81lKOV milMYIOnopaoooll,8VW TO 08lYIl0-
TO TIl<; K080IlIAOUIlVIl<;. 1010[T8pO TWV np(lnwv QlWVWV,
8lVQl AIYOOTO H n8vlxpoTIlTO TWV nllYwv oUOX8paiv81.
onw<; 8lVQl UOlKO, TT] 1l8AETT] TT]<; TIl<;. 01 MYt-
Oi 01l1l8iWVOUV 1l0VO nop8v88TIKW<; Tllv
TIl<; (KOTO TOV "llo'l'oTopa TWV
PIlTOPWV 18WPYlO Topv[KT], 120<; Ol) TIl<;
yAWOOO<; (0 opo<; onovTomoB[o TOU Ayiou nETpOU TIl<;
'ATpwo<;, TOV ono[o OUVYPOljJ8 0 TaU 1l0vaXO<;
2:060<;,90<; Ol).
H AOY[O, nou 8lVQI KUp[W<; Il KQl
11 KQl nllYo[o K0801J1AOullVIl ouvunopxouv mo
ayvowvTO<; OX806v Il iliaTllv TIl<; OAAT]<;. To
QlVOIl8VO aUTO O8lA8TQl m80VOTOTO OTIlV EMWjJll OUOlOOTI-
TWV AoiKWV OTPWIlOTWV (KUp[W<; TWV nAIl8uOllWV TIl<;
uno[8pou KQl TWV OnOIlOKPWV OUVOplOKWV n8pIOXWV: KonnOOOKio,
nOVTO<;, OAAO Kat vono ITOAIO) 118 TO KEVTpO TWV onO008WV, onou
.pim;OVTQI OUyl<EVTPWIJ8VOI 01 nV8UpOTli;O[TOyai IWtOl 18uvov ee;.OI
A8YOll8VOl "L',UVQTO[". OOTOOO, OUO BOOlKO[ nopOYOVT8<; TaU
vou Biou,Il EKKl;,IlO[O KQl T] OiO[KIlOIl, BpioKOVTQI Tll<;
TOU<; 08 OIlWIl KOi OXeOT\ 118 OAOU<; TOU<; no-
A[18<;. Oi Olio aUToi 8W1l0[ onon:AOUV TOV ouvonLKO Kp[KO OVOIlWO
OTOV onAO AOO, onou Ki OV BpioK8TOl aUTO<;, KQl mllvoPXOUOO
Til OX8TlKO OAiYOPlSlJ1l 011000 nou oi08T8i nAOUTO, YVWOT\
KOl mo KOiVO. E[vOt onOKOAUnTiKO OTl TO K8l1l8VO nou npo-
epXOVTQl ana TOU<; 8ponovT8<; TWV cuo OUTWV OKPOYWViO[WV
8WIlWV nopo Tl<; OyKUAWOI<; TOU<; T8lVOUV O ilia
OTO UpUTpO KOlVWV1KO mpWIlQTo. 'ETOl TO OYLOAOYIKO KOI
TO OYIOYPOIKO K8lIlVO (Biol oy[wv. opnoAoY[8<;, oAM KQI OKOAOU-
8[8<; TOnlKWV oyiwv) YPOOVTOI 08 8YYlJTQTIl 11 Tllv
AOAIO. AVTl8ETW<;, OA<; OX800V 01 B08umoxom<; 880AOYIK<;
"
11 'V

IItKToTUnia ana xpua6 (oTTioera TOU 10uoTlvra-
YOU, TTOU 010 527 538 "01
36 -TO H
ivor StSalO OlaIIOTIVIKO: Salus et gloria Ramanorum
(TwTrypia Kal TWV PWjJaiwv). Mt
(CON OS) a Tonoe; Kwv-
Kat TOU ptroUou'
Ka8apo<; XPUOO<;). Emypa'i'tc; aTO ,l,lIryvIKli a
xlillKlva vopiapoTowi HpOKIIiou, atopyupiJenlKwvaTovTivou
E' (741-775), KOJ at xpuoa miMOVTOe; (;' TOU
(775-780) SptTaVIKoMouatio)
129
YAII(a 1: To 6,6,1,,0 W<;
lo.aTpia<;.
a XPIOTO<; flaVTOKpOTWp (BAoaupa<; W<; 0 n
axBt) o (nplnou
1100). To au
ana tva 6161o.io, KalVli lllOeljKq. 01 eO-
AOYIK<; 01 Kavav<; KOI 01 ano-
<1>001<; T"IV dVQlllapa Talllva
lJ)(olo.,a 0' aUTo TO B18Aio. a a we;
vtov, w<; Kal w<; flaVToKpoTWp
naplaTOVTal OUXvo tvav
tva OTO xtpl. 0
Kvo<; epavo<; (q TOU epavou y,a
TqV TaU Kupiou) naplOTovTOI
tva etoq TaU
vou. To IPO 616i.io anoTi.ouv aTOV
va i.arpia<;
tIa<1>vlou).
Ol ana TWV 18papxwv, 01 AOYOI nou
8KepWVOUV 08 aUAlKte; T8A8Tte; OTO G80epclV81a ul088TOUV
l:8 OAIl clAAWOT8 Til n8piooo
11 KOl AOyoT8Xv[a, nou OUVTclOO8TQl
epUOlKcl nclVTOT8 08 yAwooa.
KOl 11 YAwooa Tile; olOiKIlOIle; TOU Kp6Toue; OTIe;
n8pIOTcl081e;. l:8 OUVTclOOOVTOl TO
epOPOAOYlKcl 8YX81piola, 01 KOl TO
AOYlKcl npaKTlKcl" (n8plypaepte; KOl KOTaypaepte; Tile; tYY81ae; IOIOKTIl-
oiae;) , Ol Tile; onwe; 11 nUpa TOU
EUOT08iou TOU (11 oe; al.) KOl 0 TmouK81TOe; (Ti TroD KE:1Tal)
TOU M. KPITOU TOU TO vOTOplaKo tyvpaepa, KOl Ol c:niOfl-
aUToKpOTOpIKO[ TWV XPU0060UAAWV
o OlolKllnKoe; ouvc:nwe; ul08nc:l Til 066,
01 A81TOUPYO[ TaU npotpxoVTOI ana TIlV 18uvouoa To1;11 KQl
c:lVOl KaTo Kavova anoepOITOI TaU Tile; BaOlA8Uouoae;.
Ilptn81 va TOVlOTc:l on 11 l:xoM TaU auTOu,
loiwe; Til TOU KWVOWVTivou G' (1042-
1055) c;lVOl TO UTCiJplO Tlle; ypasloKpmlae;.
TllV napaOOOll svs8appuvs 0 KWVOTaVTlVOe; Z' 0 nop<)lupOyVVll-
TOe; (905-959), 0 aUTOKpaTOpae;, nou va OUVS-
TOUe; OITllTe; TOU Kal nou npoona811oS
va 0 lOIOe; TOUe; KavoVSe; Tile; opyavwOlle; as
KOl
H OlolKlloll, AOlnOV, Kal XSI va
va sival AUToe; c;lVOl 0 Aoyoe; nou smKaAc;lTOl Kal 0 f\wv I'
o 'Ioaupoe; (717-741) Yla Tllv ava8swPll0ll Tile; nou c;lVOl
we; 'EKAoyr, NOl1wv. 'ETOl, AOlnOV, npoKumsl va slOOe; yAwOOl-
KpaOlle; nou 8a va xapaKTIlPIOTsl slTS we; anAOUOTSU-
Aoyia siTS we; npOKSlTOl ouvsnwe; Km' OUOlOV
Yla Ta avnnpoOWnSUTlKOTSpa Tile; SlVOl
To TOKTlKO TOU MovTa H' TOU LO<)lOU (886-912), nou ansu8uvovTai as
OTpaTlWTlKOUe;, KOl Ta TOU KWVOTOVTlVOU Z' TOU nop<)lu-
poyvvllTOU, "EKBwlC; njc; BoO/Adou rat,wc;, npoC; rov i'oLOv ui6v
PWI10VDV (TO yVWOTO we; De administrando imperio ), TO npi Gl1orwv,
Ko8we; KOl Ol TOU npoe; TO OTpmo Tlle;
VALKO 2: To ouvcpya
o 6.10 TO ouvcpya O.Ioot-
anD TOV 56, 'l'. , 54'
BI6.1,08rjKq, 100u 01.). 0 TOV
ypa'll'KO TOU oc tva (KaviK.lcIOV), nou
6pioKCTOI novw OTO ypa'llcio, yta va Vpt'l<jJ1 OTOV aVOIKTO
nou tXCI OTa yovaTo TaU. ITO avaMYlo 6pioKnOi
K.lClorO, Ka, tva CI.lqTOpIO 'l)T(]V1 W, TO
KOI ouvc.lioonal CK vtou.
131.
YAtKCs ypallll;c; 3: Xlp6yp0<jl0.
To ilia Xlp6ypo<jl0 ;VOI
a
yupw OTO 512 Via TTplyKimooa
Juliana Anicia. 0
IOTPWV KOI To TOU
VI TO npi iiA1J<; iOTPIKrj<; TOU LI'OOKOUpilil) (loC; 01.
ilila OIKOytVCIO 0 Ncan6'cwc; (70C; 01.)
KOI 0 Ntac; (100e; 01.). Kal TO Tpia aUTO
XClpoypa<jla arrOT'OUV Kal
To ",UTO ival TO KlfTOUPIOV TO 'CTTTOV
(faI. 16') E8vIKtj cad. med. gr. 1).
.. .. "
..
. oj)'
yO",.
\"';
I" " .... " I
. :1. 1
'1 '." rl
__
J.,- ... I'""..... ....:".t1, .. m';- '0<
"/'",, ..... ".....
.=, ,_: I :::',: I
_ ,.
To nOAl nou npoSPXOVTQl am) l51CIJ18e; (AX 01
BsBOlO TO 8nln850 TWV OUVTOKTWV TOUe;
SOTW TIlV SKpOOIl TOU VOTOPlOU, nou
ana Til TIle; aAM KOI
TOU TOnou. 6Tl va Yla TIlV
nou 8lval KOTO BOOIl H yAwooa npo-
BsBalO OTllv KpoOll Kat
8mnASOV aVTOvaKM TO 8nln8oo TOU oUVTOKTrl Tile;, aMO
va an6 TOV anAo noA[TIl. 11
yAwooa SX81 BsBGla TIe; Tile; OTIl ypa810Kpa-
Tia Tile; Alyumou, aAM anOT8A8L sva
Tile; 51OiKIlCJ11e; KOI
TOV IAonovo Tile;
i'IlYOOTO dVOl 5UOTUXWe; Ta nou 8nITpSnOUV va axll-
81Kova Tile; TIle; AI111e;"
01 nllyse; dVOl oloMywv Kal 8KPO-
081e; OT8p86Tun8e;, onwe; 01 aVTlOp0081e; lOU OTOV tnnoopo-
KOI 8mypase; (01 npwT060uAyaplKse;
IOTOpIKSe; 8mypase; Tile; m,iOKOe;), OV81POKPITlKO, YIOTPOOOIO,
8UxSe;, 6pIOlSe;, Kal Bs6ala Ta XpOVIKO.
L' aUTO npsn81 va npOOT880uv TO LTPOTIlY1KO, Ol Nou880L8e; (AX
NouBwia (tpovroc; nEpi 'Ayiwv EiKOVWV, Soe; 01.), Ta
KOI 01 nopToA6vol. H Kupla, WOTOOO, YIQ Til yAwooa TOU
anAOU Aaou dvOl Il nOIIlOIl, nou TO nTWXO-
Ta nOLyvlo TOV aKplTIKO KUKAO TOUe;
Yla Tle; nOTp[08e; KalTa OWPOVIOTIKO 8aVOTIKO
TIlV TWV OIMoCJTl,
nou OiV81Ol ana Ta X81pOypO-
o, (Kupiwe; pw-
AOYOT8XVLO MOAOVOTl TO 8L50e; aUTo
SXf:l KOTOOVWe; f:nIlPWOTf:[ ono Tllv
(TO mnoTIKo
01 TOU OVOTPSXOUV Gi,:'!
Kat. moxi] H yt,WGiJ,j si'!'J.I
pf: AOyI8e; K01Q60ASe;, oAM KOI
WIOpOOIlTIle;
To Bapoe; Tile; AoyoT8xvLae;
OTIl AOylO nopooooll. 01 ouyypo8le; Ylo vo
np008YyLOOUV aUTO TO SoM IOW08e;
TOU 08V apKOuvTOI OTIlV
ovoyvwGIl TWV npoTunwv,
aMo KOTO8UYOUV KOI OlO
TO nou 01 OUOTIlPoi 0111KI-
OlSe;: 8yKuKAonaLo8l8e;, av80-
MYlo, WKUTOK10' To KAaOlKo nV8UI-!0
6BOIa onwS8i TOUe; ola-
TOUe; 8AKU81 WOlOOO TO
(Vf:KpO) Tlle; KAOOlKr')c;' KAIlPO-
VOIlIOe;. 'ETaI aTll AOYIOOUVll OslAOUIlf: KmO KUplO AOYO Til
OIOOWOllTlle; Aoyon:xviae;. napo TllV TOU epava-
TlKOU vavTiov TOU apxaiou KOOIlOU, Ta aVTlypaeplKO pya-
cmjpla TWV 1l0VaOTllPIWV 11 TOUe; 811oaupOUe; Tile; 8upa8v
nOlolae; Tie; TOU IPOU naAaTlou, TOU nmplapxslou, TWV
lpapxwv KOI noMwv OAAWV AOylWV.
To aVTlnpoOWnUTlKOTPO oslYlla Tile; AOYOTXV1 -
lVOl II nlaTOAoypa<!Jla. To slOOe; aUTO napa Tr!V
KOI Tllv PllllTiKOTIlTO TOU lVOl II mo Yla Tll
OlaKlvllOllTWV lOWV aTO H aTll Illll110ll TWV KAaOl-
KWV npOTunwv ov 0IlAWV1 novTOT AAll\Jll npWTownlle; OKl\Jlle;,
aMo anOTA( aTOlXslO KoB AvaYVVllOlle;
Ta aVBpWmaTlKO aTO novTO-
T ana Til npoe; TllV apxa[a AOyOT-
XVla Kat nOlOsla KOI ouvnWc; npoe; TOV ..>,. ,:,nl\"""
YAWOOlKO apxaiOIlO KQl IlTO TllV KmoAlll\Jll
Tile; KwvaTavTlVOUnoAlle; ana TOUe; !\m[voue;
(1204), II Myla ou-
aTllv aUTOKpmopia
Tile; NIKQlae;. npWTpyOTe; Tile; KiVll-
Olle; lvQl 0 laTOpiKOe; IWpYIOe; AKponOAi-
Tile; (1217-1282), 0 olavooullVOe; aUTOKpo-
TOpae; 8oowpoe; B' !\6oKaple; (1254-1258)
Kat aKollll 0 NIKllOpOe; BAIlIlUOlle; (1197-
1272) KQl 0 IWpYIOe; Kunploe; 0 IlTnITa
uno TO ovolla IPllYOploe; B' nmptOPXlle;
KwvaTavTlVOUnOAWe; (1283-1289).
H naAQlOAoyla AvayvvllOll slVQl TO
KUKVIO oOlla TOU nvullmOe;
01 8PllOKUTlKe; pIOe; (HouxaoIlOe;, TO
np06Allil0 Tile; VWOlle; 11 TOUe; L'>UTlKOUe;),
oMo Kal 0 avmoAwv Kivouvoe;
pwvouv Tllv KiVllOll KQl v8ap-
Pljvouv Tllv i"PYluV nou nAOlrrl-
nAllv AoXiaTWV (10 pya
Kmo TWV Tllv
napooooll EivQl II onou TO nvullaTI-
KO npwTia OIKOtKi ana Til BaOlAuouoa
11 0OoaAovlKll 11 TOV A8w. OOTOOO, 01 ola-
VOOUIlVOl Tile; KOOlllKoi, onwe; 0
0oowpoe; MTOX(Tlle;, IPWIlVOl, aMo KQl
aUTOKpOTOpe;, OfTWe; 0 IWOVVlle; KavlOKou-
KQl 0 B' naAOloMyoe;
(1391-1425), 6PlOKOVTQl yKAW6LOI1VOl O
Eva fTaypo YAWOOIKO apxaiollo nou aOIKsl
TllV npWTOTunia Tile; oKEl\Jlle; TOUe;.
H nou KAllPoOOn'jBllK aTO
VTIO Illa yAwooa nou
VAlKO YPO(jlije; 4:
XapTwoc; Kw61Kac; (npinou 1338), nou npltX1 TO tpya TOU
(lj>. 110') 0 Ll.ou-
mc; AnoKauKoc;, 0 TOU tpyou. 0 nanu-
poc; wC; uAI) Kaf
olpa OTO xapTI, nou BtBOIa A'YOTPO aV8KTIKO, aAA6
navrwc: mo lj>8l)vo ("I) TWV lj>TWXWV). Elj>uptrc;
TOU xapTiou 01 01 ApaBc; TO T!)C:
TOU ana OT!) 0,
TO "avaroAIKO XaPT;
nou ana TIC; xwpCC;. To xapTwa
XElpoypalj>a XpovoAOyouvTO' ana TIC: apxtc: TOU 120u af. 'Eva
TouAilXlOTOV 6iyAwaao Xc,poypalj>o way
yAlaTaplo), 0 Sinaiticus gr 116 XpovoAoyiTal OTa 995/6. Ana TO
TOU 130U Of. OTO cloilyCTOI TO ,,6UTlKO xapTi" (ITO-
<PEUPO!), nou tXCl WIlj>i1VIO, KlTplVW-
no KOI lj>uAAo naxu, oHa (nopim, E8vIKrj
h .. ;.?!o .. .:,((."'?;';:f\fr..,j'<J/t ,
{'J .of 8.... :.,.:- ....; .......... , ,'.... p.
..,.... '
..
,I, .I
...,',..'.1"
'V\
:;.

1 .....
.. \I(i\
_'O"'!'
, :" ""j
,','.';,<.
,./:'. (.' t., _" ;.;,,, ,.',,./
':
- - .... ,1> "I. ..' " .,t,:
. .-t.., ...':y ,,f .. ' .-".
133
VALKO 5: 0 nap<pupaue;
'Eva <pu,\;,a afTO Tav fTap<pupo
".','iae; (Codex "'), TTau 'l'aivcTOI OTi
ra Tt.l.ae; Tau 6au 0'. To Karvry llra8ryKry)
1((11 01
(nomina sacra) xpuaa. uHaafTo Tav
Ka nau we; TO 1896 BplaKoTavac
TO BpiaKavTal
ac aKTw TOu.l.aXIOTav TTO;'CIe; Mauacia).
aTTo Tav TTau Tav Tau ,",aUKla-
vau (Harleianus 5694, London, British Library). ':0 ac
K(]I TO axo.l.1oaTancpl8wploa
OnpwTOe;KaTaxae;TOU XClpovpo<pau
a miaKaTTae; Apt8ae; (850944), a anaiae;
OTTWe; Kal aHal

Ana Tau
aTTo;a amioKaTToe; cixc no-
aa, aKTW KwIIIKce;. !c ono TO
XClpovpo<pa aUTa aApt8oe; tXCI TTpao8tacllllloXclpcc;
(OTTWe; IIlaq>wTlOTIKtC;, cv8aualOOTIKte; apVi.l., (,",ovlllva,

npOe; H1V an1louOn:UGIl KOI TIlV 80
GUVEnWe; va anoT8118081 nopo1l1lll1l0 Til 8PllOKEla 8vav
OUV8KTIKO nopayovTO OTOUe; 1Iaoue; Tile; OUTOKpOTopiae;.
Il KOI no1lulJopioTOU
08 Til OUyKpOTIlOll IJIOe; 8VIOioe; 8KpaOlle; LTIl lJolpoia 8E;8111E;Il
ouv86a1l8 TO KOI 0 Tile; 0PXIlY80ioe;,
nou n8plPOVOU08 Til YAwooa TOU an1l0u 1Iaou Kat Til 8WpOU08
KOTOA1lll1lll y'O OVTO nVSUIJ0TtKWe; KOTWT8pO. EV081KTtKO Tile; VOOTpO-
nioe; 8iVat TO Y8yovoe; OTt 01 SntOT01l8e; TOU IWOVVIl AnoKouKoU
(1150/60-1232/5) nouonsu8UVOVTat 08 yuvoiKe;, ElVat 08
OVTi80'l IJ TO OMO 8pyo TOU OUYYPO80, 08 y1lwooo on1l0uOTOTIl.
To 1J0lpaio WOTOOO Il TO o8X8flK ana Tfl
KOTQKTflOll. M8 Tflv TWV KOTaKTflIJ8VWV n8plOXWV ana Tfl
IlCJ)(TtKWe; 0IJ010IJOPIl OPXlO vaolaqJoponOltTOl
O o101l8KTOUe; KOI lOlwlJaTO. M TIlv 8E;oip0'l Tfle; nou
npOEPXTOl ana Til OIO,l.KTO Tile; Apxaiae;
o,l.8e; 01 OM8e; v808,1.,l.IlvIKEe; OIO,l.8KTOI npoEPxoVTOI aKpl6we; ana Tflv

-',,{

.",...
, .. ...; ..
... ..
, .. :..-
., '" I'
., : .
....::.......
...... ,-,-,::-
134
rTO naplaTaVeTOI 0 TOU Noot!
Xwpa<;) (1260-1332) va npoacptpEI
TOU aTOV naVToKpaTopa. 0
av6pwno<; Kat eni
B' TOU nallalollavou), ollila Ka, lIoVla"
Ka, va<; vtou TT16apxq"t
vq<; 0 'HeIKOC; TOU eivOi
Tia Via Kal TWV lIoylwv
KOlvwvia. TOU KllqpoMTqae <JT11
Xwpa<;, OTTOU Kal ntpaae Ta TEIlEUTaia XPOVIQ Tq<;
TOU (KWVOTQVTIVOlJTTollq, Xwpa<;).
EI\ENH fl\YKATZH - ;\PBEJ\EP
135
0 10uaTlvlaVOe; tylv UpUTpa yvw-
arOe; TO TOU tpyo, TO Corpusiuriscivilis.To Tpa-
arlo tpyo v6e; Kw61Ka oAoue; TOUe; aUTOKparo-
pIKOUe; (Codexlustinianus), KaSWe; Kal TO tpyo ava-
TWV naAClWV (Pandectae
Digestae) O wi
TOV Tpr6wvlav6. ouvtXla TO Corpus Tie;
(lnstitutiones), YXlpi610 v,a
TOUe; anou/jaaTte;, KCI Tie; Novel/ae(Nwpal), Ta aUToKparoplKo
nou TWV
TPIWV tpywv. Ana TO tpya nou
TO Carpus TO Tpia npWTO aTa AaTlVIKci .ar 01
Nwpai lTTa hov nivaKa
0 10uarIVIOVOe;, TAuTaioe;
16aAaylac;, OUTOKpilTapa,
va napa6i61 arov Tpl6wVJavo Kor TOUe; TaU TOV
KW/j,KO BClTlKavo).
TA ONOMXIA TQN MHl 'QN
KAI H i\ATINIKH nPOEi\EYlliTOYL
Ictl'ova.[JW' < lanuarius (mellSis: /-11)va,) < lanus (lavo,),
86aonoLo JlEQaO[La (ianua, ae: niQao/-w,
[[oooor;) XaL xani O1JVEmla TOU aqJlQWY1aL a KQWTO
l:OU KO),l1lXOV ElOUr;, 10 rrEQuO[la arro
lIla XQOYla onlY aleA11
t!Jep[Jova.[Jw, < Februarius (memis), 0 !.Lllvar; TWV xa8aQ-
["Ull' < februus d,ayvw/-dvor;. Kanin1 Olo.Qxla lOU
aulOvOl PWilaLOL1).ouoav,lEya),11 Esa'(VLOilov XO.I
eUGlES
MaglIO, < ;'vlartilLs (mellSis) < l'vIars, tis, oQxala
JlOU ,IE TOY 86 AQ11. 0 Mars,lTCtTEQar;
lOU PWilVJcou, yvagXlIr; TWY PWllaLwv XaL TaU
0.cplEgw8IlX a JlgUJTOr; I' Ilva 101' ETOur;. LlO ilEWyEVEOTE-
go01"W rouNOUlla (70m rrX)w TOU
ErOl' OQLOT11x 11 rrQwT11 Iavouagiou
A;T!?ilw; < Aprilis (mensis) < aperio: avoiyw, a
xaniTOY orrOLO 11 avolyl, tll YEa oooELa.
Maw, < Maius (mensis) < Maia (Maiia), aQxaLa lwJclxll
onoLa WUTL0111XE I" HII' cleA11YlXll Mal.a, X()gl1
lOU ATAavw XaL [l1']TEQO. TaU E1U!tOl,01'"xa TO Maia
OUVOEETaL!lE TO magnus:f-IEyrilco" YL' aUTO lWl aqJlQlD-
el]XE QIl11vnc xmaTOV onolo llEyaAWVEL '1
[ovvwq< IUllius (mensis),a!1'ilvaT11 luna,aQxaiar; lWAL-
xl1 8Ea" 11 orroia ilE 'Hga.
[OV),IO; < lulius (mens!s), rrQos Hill]Y TaU IouAlou
Kaloaga,aOKOLo<; ons13TOU Quintilis
quinlus,TOU ::IE!1;tTOU 011),0.01'1,LL11va OUilqJllJYCI.!I TO :w;\w,o
11ILEQO),OYlO (TO orroLo wr; agXll TOll i.'Tour; .
Mag1iou) METa OO)'OqJOVLa TaU Kaioaga xw, vOTEga
ana rrgow011 TOU Magxou AVT(>JVL01J
I-'ETOVOltaala TOll Quintilisaclov)w.
AIIYOVOTO, < Auguslus (mensis), I-"lvar; rrQo; Hil'lv TOU
Al11'0VOTOU ITctl,mOtEga a
Tal'Sextilis< se.nus: E"TOr;.
I.,TT:E/-lPgW, < September, bris < septem EJmi, a
,dl"a,xu:ca TO naAmo11llLQOJc0Ylo.
OXTw!3[JWq < October, bill <: octo: OXTW, a oyOoor;
xmaTO ;w),acoTll-'EQOAOYlo.
NOEI'P[JW, < November, bris < novem: [wia, 0 EVO.TO
IL1iva; XaTa TO rral,aLo
dexE,u!3[JW, < December, bris < decem: OExa, a OExmOr;
Illlva,TOU nolaLQu l1l-'QOAOyLou.
136
KA80MIAOYMENH KAI rPAillOMENEl:
H41AMAXH EMHNIKHI KAI AATINIKHI
H avaf.lSTPTlOll SMTlVl0f.l0U KOl AanVl0f.l0U ana TTlV npWTTl KlO-
Aae; TOUe;, TOV 60 n.X. at., Kal aVTavaKAoTOl OlOV avTO-
YWVlOf.lO TWV ouo yAWOOWV, 0 onoioe; smepspsl TTlV TTle;
we; oUf.l6oAOU aV(lnsPTle; nOlosioe; KOl nOAlTl0f.lOU. nOpOA-
Alll,a il oUf.l60Ao Tile; TlYSf.l0VLOe;, I<UPlOPXS[ we;
lingua legitima, W<; sniOTlf.lTl yAWOOO
OOTOOO, KOTO TTl nspiooo ana TTlV
OlTl OlO OVOTOAIKO TTle; OUTO-
KpOTOpioe; nOAlTlof.llKOe; oywvoe;. Ms TTlV loPUOll TTle; KwvOlovnvou-
nOATlC;, TTle; Nsoe; PWf.lTle;, TO 324 f.l.X., TO KSVTpO TOU PWf.l0iKOU KpOTOUe;
OlTlV AVOTOM KOI Tl yAWOOO KOl lOOAOY[O
f.lSTOepUTSUOVTOl OlTlV KOpOlO TOU SMTlVlOllKOU K00f.l0U. 0 M. f(WVOTO-
vTivoe; KClt 01 Oloooxoi TOU smXSlpouV va TTl
epUOlOyvwf.lia TOU KpOTOUe;, TO onoio 8swpouv Imperium Romanum.
o AonvoepWvoe; KWVOlOVTLVOe; OV08STSl TO OIOlKTlTlKO spyo Kupiwe; as
PWf.lOiOUe; KOl nopoyysAAu OlO OTpOTO TTl
PWf.loioe; YAWTTTle;", H yVWOTl TTle; onolTsiTOl KOl OTOV TOf.lSO TTle; OIKOl-
OOuVlle; AOYW TTle; YSVlKOTSPTle; TOU PWf.l0iKOU OIKO[OU
H KUplOPXsi snioTle; OTllV opoAoyio f.lS VOf.liOf.lOTO,
KOI H TOU M. KWV010VTlVOU UlOS-
TlTQl ono TOUe: olo06xoue; TOU KQl nopollevl OX06v
Til OlOlP01l TOU KpOTaUe; c:nl ApKoolou (395 Il.X.).
Ana TaTeAll TOU 40u Il.X. Ql. Il npvoO1IlV aVTmlSOIl
KQl KaSi01a1Ol lOOTlll1l Tile; O1a O11l ouvTa1;1l
OlQSIlKWV KQl -TO 0llllaVTlKOTPO- 010 Tile; KWV01aVTl-
vounOAIle;, yyovoe; nou anOOlKVU1 OTl 10
OlKQlWllaTO Tile; we; YAwooae; Tile; nAlOVOTIl1Oe; OTIlV
aUTOKpOTopla. 'HOIl ono TO TAUTaIO TbapTO TOU 50u
at. m010nOll1Ol np0660101la Tile; evaVTI Tile; AaTlVl-
11 TIlV Tile; Il onola
O1peep1 TO VOloepepov Tile; npoe; TIlV Enl 10UOTlvlQVOU Il
mTuyxov1 Tllv viKll Tile; c:nl Tile;
ov Kat 0 OUTOKpOTOpOe;, onwe; Kal 01 npollyoullVoi TOU, AOTlVO-
epwvoe; KQl c:nl nAeov unepllOXOe; Tile; anoKOToOTOOIle; Tile; 110AQlOe;
aUToKpOTOpioe;. Hc:mSullio TOU 0IlWe; vac:1;UylOV1 Til oloi-
KllOll TOU KpOTOUe; TOV VO oVOyvwplO1 TllV we;
yAWOOO TIle; VOIlOSOioe; KQl TOU olKaiou, W01 01 KQl Ta 010-
TOYllaTa vo YlVOVTQl KOTOVOIlTO ana TO AaO. KaT' OUOIOV 11
OlaTllPlTQlnAeov we; yAWOOO Tile; KQl TWV TATWV Tile;.
HAOe; c:nl HPOKAdou avaKaAlTQl Kal 11 TWV OUO
YAWOOWV: IlTO Tllv KOTOAUOIl TOU npOlKOU 600lA[OU, TO 629, OVTl
YlO TOV nopaooOlaKo TlTAO OUTOKparWp, OVTlO1OlXO TOU AOTlVlKOU
imperalor, 0 HpOKAlOe; ul08Tl TllV A1;1l 6001-
Aue; unooIlAWVOV1Oe; TIlV Tile; OUTOKpOTOplOe; TOU 11
Til nopoooOT]. OOTOOO, 0nOAlTlKOe; XOPOKTIlPIOjJOe; PWj.Joioe;
-PWj.JIOe; YlO TOV 'EMIlVO noA[TIl TOU OVOTOAlKOU pWIl0"iKou KpOTOUe;
1lT06aMollVOe; O SVOYPOIKO m6lwv1 jJexpl we; ouvw-
VUllO HIe; OVOjJOOlOe; 'EAAl)voe;. H
TalonoTO Tile; 01l1l00l0e;
nou
TO
"
,OAM
,'.
11 vTovll mlopooll O TOjJle;
oopouoov TIlV KOl
1;WTPIKO jJYaAlO TaU KpOTOUe; OUV60A
011l Tile; yAwoooe;
KUpIWe; oc: VOjJlKOUe; KQl OTPOTIWTlKOUe;
Opoue;.TaU KpcnoUe;.
Tov 100 al., EITL KlOVOWV1LVOU Z' 10U 1l0QC/luQoyvvq1ou,
oqflooLEunCLl oUYYQaflflCl OXEUXO flE TO ITOAUltAOXO ITQ(jno
xoHo111, aU1OxQC.llOQLX1l' {DEQi(3C1U(AEiOV
H aU/,LX11 rrQoEQx,i,LlEvq arro us ClUAlXS OUVll'
8EI, 1qS VE01EQ1l' aU1OXQWOQlas, 111S
10U 6.LOx/,quavou XCLl tou M. KlJJVOWV1LVO'U, OLWqQEL 011.,
TE),Ers XCLl O,U:; YLOQ1S xcmolS OT,EQE01VrrES ),mmxs
EXCPQClOELS maElcAl1vLxa.
'E,oL,IT.X., xwaTI]v acptl;q10uau,OXQa1000o,qvExx)''llola
OL XUYXEAl.aQLOL xm0XOWLCHLJJQ ljialcAuvw [;.'IS:Lli. Ma.
QiE, BiQ)''l1'E. NrirovC;. iT. Marta.. OWQLEVUXOVV /lOVVEQo..
ciooQavuc;. (De tWaria virgine notus est, el /vlagi ab oriente
cum mllneribus odorant). KQiarovc;. Lliovc;. NoauQ. XOVfl.
oiQfiEr. '7WrieLOV,Il. (3iarQov/l. niQ. fLOv,hovaavvoC;. iT.
(3ovOC;. (ChristusDeusnosterconserverimperiumvestrumper
multos annos et bonos). 'lwavvEC;. h' loQoavE.
OO,lIT/"OV/l. OEXOVVOOV/l, [,lAoV,U. f30xar6E rifJOAO. (Ioannes
et lordane baptizat Dominium: is rursus illiacc!amm: A te
volo baptizari). Kov/l Ear iroEnovlrovc; ir
(liQQE (Cum crucifixils et sepultlls esset,
tertia dieresurrexit), XArr.
A1[o U!V y.m [.iwygo i] '[lOV ;TaQOJTaVUi
ExcpgaoElOv w100ElxvUnm on 1qv aL'ni [XE XOeL
xa8 fl '['1 yAwaoa..
Ko.\oaOlaio TOV M. KwvaTovr;voU. To
ITOU xaVnat aTO alT.,po, 01 aaptc: TOU ITPOOWITOU KOI TO
TOU oVaptaVTO TOV aUTOKparopo-ovrllTpO'
awno TOU eeO" wi nc: Palazzo de;Conservatori).
i\ATINIl:MOI BYZANTh'iHL: OPOi\OrIAl:
OQOAOyLa.
o.YYClQdCl. < angaria) EQPCl{}t <aQ.urLgwv < armarium, r)iOC/'.TO
<(3W/;.Wrol' <bisexrwn, Ka},avw <xaAIll'oW <c"/c/'Idof',
KiVa., xfUi(ov) <cella, XW')L; <codex, XOVCJTwO!,.l -(
cILI'(odia, cpn,flli.La < <pa/lc}Ja <: familia, ffJOI)()VOr;
[umlls, ,Ui,ll(OV) <milium, mnQixLOC; <parr/eil/s, TeQ!'
YX'lna.c; < princeps, ;TOVQO; <: pUrtlS, 0;'911'10 <
scrinium, at'lJ.a. <sella, uic{3oc; <: sen'lIs, l1arQG.voi; <
veleranus, x.cc
L'[ga'[wmxli O(!o).oyia
< x(I/3aUo.QLOC; < cahallorll/S, xop, 0;<:
campllS, xG.(JTgo(v) <: CUSfrl/l11, XO/l'lC; <comes, OOlI%a;<
oovl:<dux,,uf'<vrriw<,uavOarov<lII.anrlnWfTl. Qu(yjir
ra < sagillQ] rfl'ra < rrvoo. < ienta, f3igya < Firga, x.a.
6HMHTPAITITlIKJ\H
KpC)TOS TO 565 IJ-x'
Bl1fwT6<;
I
EiJpT/%C ri]v bapa)J)ja rllCaJ.qv
xai w, ro xatvOv ciUxroptv min:n lCEJrrjbT/xcv
xa; br:oiTJoC lCotbia W. ra ;v),oxovxxovba[. j
f)EorpaVT]<;,XlIovoY!lwpia, 1,283 (b:o. de Boor).
Lzwnuxo yLa TOV aU10xQaTOQo,
MCll)gLXlO (582-602). Ev<5lwpEQov naQouolcJ.sEl11 XQ11011 TOU
ltYjocu, err11 TOU OXEVW, onw XC!l
tJTIl y),cocroa. H AESl1 SVI,O;Wvxxovoa, oaqJEOTaW
E[V(LL OUOV011TIJ.
wic; xa07jfll:ptvaic; 0 paotJ.Vc; [...JxaOil;E1:at MO (r/.apa-
payyiov clVW rou XPVOO7fc!!tx}.i(Jwv oayiov,
DOQqJuQoyrvvTJtO;,
nipi pao!Miov II L, 30L (Ex/). Reiske),
H W'IJ "aerI.UEQlvi) 0111 fJfdQa EQyaat,UfJ crE aYlt-
:tQo "11v KVQwxrj (Yj 1J.uiQa a(!yiar;),
OE XQlcruavlxcJ. XEL!J-Eva. I1.JTO oxaga/layywv,
(pogr./wrar; oxuQu,uayywv, V Ol -
Tll nQoGEoEwc; (bra, To OXaQUflayywv (m-
8avcnaw ana to sea raman nils)
cioor; xJ.aftljbar; 7I:OU cpogouoav 0 auwxQc(1ogaC; XaL Ot
Ano "11 AESIl 10 EJTaYYEA!J-anxo axaga-
fwyyar; (XClL we; EnWVWO OLXoYEvELaxo, XC!l ano auto 10
YVW010 "11C; A XQvaoJ(cQxI,iWTOr;: fIE
XQvaoxiv(Yjw; ;wgvrpi,. Xagazt11QlOUXO O))V-
8ECO. Iayiol': (JLlGavwc; ana TO aQxaLo oayor;,
arl!(J'(UJ)w,or; ,uavovar;).
TOU KpaTOUe; KOTa TOUe; xpavoue;rou 10uoTl-
vlavou
LA::::O
nap,m
Mlold;'\nvo
BHilro
TG01
Koo013'l
MAYPOYIIOI
To
(TEAOS TllS TOl! 10l!OTLVIOVOU)
KA00MIAOY KAI rPA<DOMENEl:
H OMIAOYMENH (50;-100; AlnNAl:)
Hm:pioooc;anaTOV 50 WC; TOV 100Ol. aTO Sa IlnopOUO vaxa-
paKTllPIOTd ano unOlj!11 wc; "IlWOa'iKO YAWOOIKWV tKOVWV,
H TUOll Kuplapxi aTIC; TWV AOYLWV, 11 EKKAlloLOXPllOt-
Ilonold 1110 YAWOOO onAOUaTpll, nou 80 IlnopOUO vo xapaKTllPIOTd
wC; vw unuPX1 EVO PWIlOAEO 0I1IlWOC; yAWOOt-
KO pulla,TO onOLO, OUaTUXWC;, oV aVTlnpoownuTOIIl KlIlVO AOyO-
TXVIKU, 'OC; TlC; apXEC; TOU 60u ot. vodVQI nlOll1111 VAwooa
TOU KpUTOUC; 11 aMu 010UaTIVlaVOC; va KOW-
Ol TlC; Nwpec; TOU aTllV VIO vadvOi01 VOIlOt KaTavollTolana
TOUe; noMoue;: 010 TO npoXlpOV PllllVlae;", AUTO 0l1lla[V1 OTl 11
YAwooa, nou KupiapXll aTllV avwTPll KOlvwvla we;
YAwooa Tile; nOloloe; Kal TWV ypalllluTWV, napallEVlKatYIO TO UpUT-
poAa'iKU aTpWIlQTa 11 YAwooa n1KOIVwvLae;.
MEoa OTOV XPlaTlOVIKO KOOIlO TTle; 11 TO
anEpaVTO IlWOalKO TWV Aawv nou anOTAOUV TO KpUTOe;, TO
KOIVO YAWOOtKO oPyavo, 11 0IlIAOUIlVll UlOTOTOI
6aSIlIalo nOAunolKIAe; n10pUOIe; KQI oTolXlwv, nou Til
OTpEepOUV oAo KQI nploooTPO npoe; 0I1IlWOEOTpo KQI Aa'lKoTpono
Tuno, 01 0llIlavT1KOTpe; IlT060AEe; Kal aTll OTll
1l0poAoyia, aTO napaywYIKo ouoTlllla, OTll KaTa Tllv nplooo
dVQI01 aKoAOUSe;:
KQI TO TAUTa[a aTolxdaTile; apxa[oe; npoowo[ae;
KQI nIKpQTd 0 OUvaIlIKOe; (TOVIKOe;) Tile; yAwooae;
Ilae;, 'ETOt oUllnimouv Ta llaKpU KQI Ta 6poXEa (a: w), OAOKAllPWVTOI
a llovoep80YYIOIlOe; TWV OlepSOyYwv (01:,01: 1: UI: i, au. u), OlllllOUPYou-
VTQI Ta allollxa ITO MITIKO OUOTlllla TOU OVOIlQTOe; napoTIl-
PlTQI Tile; KOI OIQTOpaOOTQI TO Tile; OIOlPE-
CJT]e; TWV OVOIlUTWV (OUOlaaTIKWV KQI n18tTwv) O Tple; M[OEIe;, ITle;
EI
LMBOI
ABAPOI
i\OMBAPt..OI
OVTWVUI-Ile;, KUp[We; TIe; npOOwmKte;, XPIlOlI-IOnOLOuvTOl OUXVOTPO
01 AYOI-IVOI "OOUVOT01 TUnOI (jJOU, IOU, OOU, TT)e;, TWV, KAn.). Ot 1-110-
BOASe; OTO dVOl nplooOTpe; KOl 608uTEpe;: ITO OPXOlO
BOll81lTlKO E/Pl 0IlI-lIOUPYOUVTOl TunOI onAOUOTpOI KOl 0IlI-lWOSOTPOI
(Elpal, lOW, Ivai, fjfJT)V, KAn.). KOl OXOOV
VTOI TO 0PXOlO O -fJl KOl I-ITOnlmOUV OTllv TWV 60PUTO-
VWV (oEiKVUfJl - 0E1KVUW, OfJVUfJl - opVUW, K.T.O.). onwe;
OXOOV TO OVWI-I0AO KOl 01 OVWI-I0AOI Tunal (np6A. oloae;, 01'00-
TE OVT[ oloea, l'an:, KAn.). ITaV 50 ot. Il -OUV
TaU y' nAIl8uvTlKou npoownou TOU VOTWTO KOl TaU I-ISMOVTO
(Myouv, OVTi MYOU01) KOI -(alee;
OVTi -(alae;, TOU 6' EVlKOU npo-
ownou TaU EVEPYIlTlKOU oopi-
OTOU (elm:e;, OVTI drrae;, Aum:e;,
OVTI Auoae;).
nAiOTe; AOTIVOYVle; KOI
OMEe;
1-I0POAOYIKO (oKaAa, ori:pva,
raBi:pva, KouBoUKAIOV, KAn.). no-
pOTllpouVTOt EniOJle; mlOOOJl Tile;
OE -1(O)V,
KOI AOTlVOYVWV
nopOYWYlKWV O EMIl-
V1Kte; (-awe;, -aplOe;)
b.1l1-l10UPYOUVTOl nEplpo-
OTIKOl TunOI KOl vte;
(nx ixw AaBEIV, r']v rrE(EUWV:
rreplrwwuaE m:(6e;). XPIlOlI-I0-
nOllTOI nplOOOTEPO a nopOTO-
KTlKOe; Myoe;, Il
TTje; KOl Tile; UnOTOKTl-
K08we; KOI Il TOU
OnOpEI-Ic'nOU, nou XPIlOII-I0nOI[-
TOI nOMte; optC;tvop8po, EVW
nctx\Tl')(.lciTOl OIQTCpoxh 0TJl
OIl TWV np08towv.
IOIOITPO EVOlOtpOV no-
TO 0IlI-lWOIl 01l1-l0Tl-
KlI-lEVO Tile; nEplOOOU,
onwe; EivOl OL Xpovoypoie; (TOU MOAQAO KQl TaU 8OOVIl Kupiwe;), TO
Kil-lVO nou onOO[OOVTOl OTOV OUTOKPc'nOPO KWVOTOVTlVO Z' TOV nop-
upoytvvllTO (945-959), 01 AyOI-lVEe; npwT060UAYOpIKSe; mypote;,
KoBwe; KOl TO npOI-ITOPOOTIKO OYlOAOylKO KElI-IEVO. I'OUTO 80I-Inopou-
O va olomOTwo1 KaVle; TIe; OLOOIKOo[Ee; TOU EMIlV1KOU
Myou, TOOO OTIl 000 KOl OTIl 1-I0POAOYlO KOI OTO nopoywyl-
KO OUOTIlI-I0 (KUp[We; OTIlV oUV8tTWV), KOTO TOUe; npWlI-IOUe;
QlWVEe;, KOTO TOUe; onolOUe; OL0l-Iopw8IlKOV TO KUplO XOpO-
KTTjP1OT1KO Tile; VOTEPIle; KOLYhe; YAWOOOe;
" ... aurp()Ei,7tapa'lovOTivov,(Jam)Jw,'Pwpaiwv, xai
rpopEua,aurpaVlOl''Pwpaiiiw(JamAtxovxaiXAapvJa
aa7t(}ol'(UOm/pLXOV, EXWV avri7tog((!V{}OV ra(JliovXf!v-
uovv(Jaa!J.J.xiw ra(Jliov,iv Qj U7tijpxEV iv piu'!J OTIIOa{}tO'V
aA"O,voV, ixovrariwxapaxrif(}arovaVTov(Jam)Jw,
'[ovOTil'ov, xaiOTLxaptOV JE aa7tpov7ta(}a)'avJLov, xai
aVroEzOVxgvaa7t},ovpia(Jaa!J.l.Xa, waalrrwt;I!xovra riw
xapa;ar;(}a roiJ aVrov(Jam)Jwt;" ra yag atrpo-
pEt, aya)'wv(Lira rif, iJiat;aVTovxw(}at;[... ] .
IwuvVl]<; MO.J.UAU<;, Xpovo)'[Ja'fJia,413, IO-J8
(Exo.L. Dindorl).
L10a.n;OO1t(XCJfla nou avarpEQEl:OLonl xm
0't11 O'tE1jJ1l 101) 't(JJV i\.at,wv ZW8l0U
Tt,u8lou). ana 10V ouwxQo1OQo [OUO'tLVO A'
(518-527). onov1OUv OWlXELWV 0ill'
(3amJ.illiI; 'PwflaUvv...awpo-
vwv'Pwfla;iov: OlOQOL, ;rou ano1OUl; :tQO)lilOU<;
XQOVOl;; ('rllAWvouv UIlIlXOOUS
X(!1]()[j!01l0LOUVWl mu8EQQ OE
OAIl '{1] ('lLQQ;4.Ela 'tOlJ Hut,ov'tlou'WlElllj3lWVOUV WS
mjilEQa 01]AOl'tLXOl t1];
1>oeiaac;: 0'tuitoeupoQwa(OY'tliq;oeryaa,'tOu
rpoew). :'lOU XQ1]OlilOllOlEltaL XOl
unoV'tQ 0'{1] MnC((PQoOll t(JJV 0'. ':Aaneov: 'to
1rl8no {iungoc; 0't1] 0llflaola 'tOU J.EV;<OC; (0110 'to
AOtLVlXO asper: TeaXvc;) a1lOV'ta yl.O llQ10't11 (roQa
0'tL<; AnoxQuqJEC; 'tou lb. BOQOO),OilOlolJ
m.). 'OJ.00l7QI.%OV: oJ.ofliwi',o (a7]QL"oc;, a.n;o 'to
2:lje, 2:ijQEC;: 01 [voOL Ana;'Ol uijeEc;:
ot (flEWi',O) a%w)7]XEC;, xma 'toV I-IouXLO. 'to
O'Jl.lEQLVO a7]eoTeorpia). nania:uJwllljflara. I-I AiSIl
(mo til woyya (Eiooc; vn061j,uaroc;.
wayytiQ,(o)c;. Kmo'toV HOUXlO. aayyoewc;: m,vrt'!Jc;).
Taf3}JflV O,onvLxo tabula, Taf3},a, wf3)wv, ro(3}.wv) ELvm
owxoa,u7]wilj mvaxioa rrou ljJOQEL o'to O't!lOOe; 0 aUTO-
2:T7]eaQwv aJ.7]eLVOV: avayJ.uqJ7] '-I(}oroll>i.
2:rLxaewv:,uaxeuWWTOQIXO qJoQlla, rrou rpoQouv 011flE(lrl
Ol XA1]QlXOL (urroxoQlOny.o tOU OTLXiov). [[a(JOYW)OLOV:
X(JOoawTo rpoQ'/w (urrOy.oglGTlXO 'tou UQXOlOU 7taQayau-
07]C;). 'to VEO'tEgO naeayuol.
I-I mJVUlSIl EXEl OLaWQOXOEl: (urrOy.ElIJEVO
OU6EtEI)Ol; iU'TOX,j uQoc'/I.%OU yivouC; (Jf ll'tWOl!
amanx!1 EVIXOlJ) ar7]eaQwv.. fXOVW. Aito tTl XQljm!
uunj ;rQoExutj1E 0 XaL axAl't<le; 'turro;
tile; 'touEVEQ'Y'ltLY.01J EVW't(0W (ixol'rm;)_
o OTC<jlQVWVCI TOV KWVOTOVTivo TOV OoP,pupoYVVfJTo.
OVaVAu<jlo oc CAcq>QVTOarO (M6o)(o, Mouocio
noiJoKIV).
8EOXAPH2:: 6ETOPAKHL:
139
flpoxomar; Kawapwr; rour; TlOMpOVr; f,vv,/pal/JE:V, our;
'/OVOTtVWVO; 0 'Pwpaiwv pam}.ur; Jrpor; pappri(Jovr; bl1l-
vyxe rour; rt i:rj;ovr; xai eaJr(JLov" wr; JC'l avrwv ixiLuc{IJ
SVV'lVE-I.01J YE:Vi:aOat, lbr; /I;' pya ulrEpp,,/iOTJ 0 pi:'/a<;
aiwv ).oyov Cg1lpa 1.'';l{!waiL,uf:I!or; rfj u aUra xara-
JCpO'lraL xai ;ravra.iwULv e5LrTJJ.a Oijrat, dJVTl(J r;,v pVlj-
PTJV aUriH; rJno pr/a n {awIJa, xai f,vvoiuov ir; ra l'iLl.L-
UTa roir; r vVv OJUL xai roir; ir; ro bmw yeV'laOpEvoL<;, d
1roTe xat aJoLr; 0 xpovor; e<; opoiav ma rour; av(Jpwlrov<;
avayx'lv bLaIJOLro,
fipoxorllOS,')i.Tip rwv TloUpWV, o.4-S
lEY-ii. A.J.Haury),
o ano Kawcir)ew. iY(?Q1jJe LOwQia rwv
nov (lLeNyayf a
rwv Bvi;avuvwv, ['vavriov rwv f3aePci(?WV
II.W Ll o.:rw<;, ovvi(3'1 va yivC/
r"onor; rou >jwv va P'l {JQeL 0 aniQavror;
eQya V7lCQ,uCyi0'l al'v'l,uovwra yow raQLf,eL or'l AT/OILOVa]
5acpavii;ovrar; ra navui..l.k AJTO avra Il.VTJfJ.OVevoc ooa
o LOWr; vo,uLi;e on 'I aVCr,uv'Io1 TOVr; (Ja dvw xanTO 0T/f-la-
vnxo "w wcpe)"I'owro %w arovr; oUYXQOV(lVr; "at our;
,uerayevioreeer; yevtir;, 0.1' xanore 0 %Qovor;
TOVr; avOQwrrovr; oe "cinOLa nUQo,uoLa avaY"'1.
H urroloEQ'IO'f,'EQ rwv no).ff-lwv no\! rrFQLYQa<PEI OE
0Y.1W Y.atcJ. toJl:QOn-:TO 'C01J 80Ull.1Jo[
011, nOAEflOUC; vavliov HJJV llEQowv, lWV Bavoa},wv
xml(Ol' for8wv (L'.UOl]), no\! 0IouonvLal'<J<; ano
10 527 10 540. H E:rioQam1 ITO\! OEXt'111.E 0 IIQoY..omoc;
uno rol' GOUll.\!Olbll (nQrA. 1, 1 "atfI, 48), unaWL ov
Hg00010 (rrQBJ-. I,l)qJCilVl:at xa8aQaa111 Ot'1 8qIC/
XCill11 ylowaae< 1O\! [JQ001,UWV.
"EIJ:rwv dr; 'ErpuP'lv uirpuv {/ipaxuv ayxtx).VOOl'
Arribor; ri(Jxall,r;, lbr; roxr7.paYlla Urn
Llaxgv /i' elruJJraaa<;, Xai[JOLr;, i'l!l'a!' b, yag
oi%rd(Jw a', erpap'lv, Ijv mi{Jl1; oux i/iolllJv.
';4 ;roool' l'OOl' qxaXfq' aM.' ,/)e A>iO"v
liy),ail]v Ev XOov! xarOFpi'vlJ.
[luMmI';' f1vOoAoyia, VII,220.
To. iN.LLmCr ,uov m'Qv01'w, KOI!IVO(l
avriy.(lI'!1u. or'lv 006, co rruro 'I::' IJaioo.r;,
O:TW; ,110.:; Un '} xaQay!dvl] E:TLi'eWpli rov.
ME ;rJiQrtl'f f(( OcixQva %L avacpaJ1'>;orc
.XalQe, yVI'a[JiCi, rwv pllm;)l' ILOV
.UOI" axovoTa ;rou0' Exl.V aE i.l':Tallw.
A, .TOOWV 'fa p.VCi),a.1
rIC< Of;,ml/r; ).']OP.Ol',o.; r'7XWQa /leVEL!:;
%L '7 op.oQcpta oov HbQa,LlEr; oro l.Wp.a.
To f/v1lflU 1'1<; :n:EQiqnJlIJlt; ElaiQu<; AULoac; awsowl'. )([mi
10V nauo[l\,ia (II, 4,4), OTT]v KOQLl'OO. OIIOY-, OJlWC; flUS
n}dlQoq;oQEl 0 nOloEfLWl' 0 (fr. 44 Pr), xaL Eva
aHofl.l'1'nla 0''SoX8EC; '[01J IIqvELau /..tyOtav ot[ liwvErrl'
0'1; 0 Aya8inc; ITOL'qTl;1.1, ,OJlOOITEl 0,0
fl.l'1WElO tl1C K0l2ll'80\! fUU E:rl'!QCiqJ1i :rOt' xara lOV A8i]
V(/LO (\3. 589b) E<pF.QE '[08Eaual.txo
KA80MIIIOYM"NH KAI rPA<l>OMENEl:
o KAAIIKlXMOI (60; AlfiNAl)
oXPLOTlaVIKOe; OUl..laVL0I..l0e; TWV nQTtpwv TOU 40u I..l.X. at.
TOV aTTlKL0I..lO we; YAwooa Tfle; EKKAfloiae;. 0 60e; at. (<<XPU-
000e; aiwvu Tfle; TOU 10UOTIVLavou) m(Ofle;
ono TT]V TOU KAOOlKl0I..l0U OTflV TTJe;
Tfle; ypol..ll..laTlae; nou TflV apxala
VLKrl nop05oofl
oKAaOlK101..l0e; Tfl l..lil..lflOfl TWV apxaiwv npOTunwv
TflV Tfl Kat TO UljJT]AO uoe;.
H n'1ofl va TOV QTTlKLOI..lO
we; KUpLO opyovo TOU AOyOU. Ol aVTlKAQOlKlO1lKte;
(MaAQAae; Kal PWI..l0Voe;) OTflv uloBtTT]Ofl
EVOe; YAWOOlKOU opyQVOU, nou we; npoTuno TOU
TT]V KOlVrl TWV Kat OTO
KOlVO.
OL TOU KAQOlKl0I..l0U TOU 60u at.
dVQL 0 10TOplKOe; npOKomOe; (490/507562). 0 AYQ6iQe; (536-582) KaL
o 0 LLI..l0KQTTfle; (t TO 582). 0 QTTLKl0I..l0e; TOU
npOKon[ou EIVQL avoLKTOe; TOOO npoe; TQ apxalOTlKG. yAwoOlKG. 0101-
XElO 000 KOl npoe; Tle; I..lETaKAoOlKte; 'ETOl, EVW OTO KUPlO
L01OPLKO TOU tpyo 'Ynip rwv nOAij1wv (npoTUno TOU 080UKUoiofle;)
mOTOe; OTflv OTTLKrl Ka6apOTflTQ, Tfl OIOTU-
nwofl KQl TOUe; TunoUe;, OTO aMa ouo
tpya TOU, TO npl KTlOj1CIrWV KQL TQ :4vcKoora, otXTQL TT]V miopa-
aT] Tfle; KQl TptnETQl npoe; TO uoe;.
oAya6ioe;, nou TO tpyo TOU 'Ioroplwv 616Ma Tflv
lOTopia TOU npoKoniou, TO ov8flPO uoe;
140
TWV apxaiOTWV AOy[WV TTle; Kat 0
iOIOe;, aAAO Kat OUVTOKTIle; TOU KUK!lOU TWV V{;WV {;mypaj.1j.1GTWV TSP-
n8Tat Til TOU ana TOV We; TIlV

o 880q>UAOKTOe; 0 Kat OUV8-
Xl<JTT1e; Tile; lOTOp[Oe; TOU Aya8ia, KQ,\AISPYIl08 n01K[Aa '1'IAOAOYIKO
dOll, onwe; 11 AX, Kat 11 8moToAoypa-
'1'[a, Yla va OTIl OUv8801l Tile; OiKOUj.1E:VIKijc; iOTOpiac;.
H TOU nat08[a c:nsopa08 0111
OOue; yAwooae; T008le; npoe; TIlV un8p60M Kat TIlV
H KWVOTaVTlVOUnOAIl, nou ava081Kvunat Kat 08
KSVTpO Tile; aUTOKpOTop[ae;, TOUe; AOy[OUe;, Ol onolol
OTllv nap600011, 8AAIlVlKr1 Kat
AaTlVlKr1. 2:TIlV TOU 10uoTlVIavou OuppSOUV nOIIlTSe;, lOTOpIKO[
Kat nou va TO spya
TOUe; Tllv IlPOKA81a npoan0881a Yla Tllv avaouoraoll Tile;
aUToKpmop[ae;. 0 8yyUCnat TIlV aKTlv060-
A[a Tile; Nsae;
fU).a %ai vJri:(! apapnibwv rwv t'q to aWf/a %oMLaEL; rfi
hobw{?(l Eml'oEiv EJrLpEJ.i:; ;ropvaq af/wt JrUol' Ij JITl'-
raxoaiaq ayt'!{?aaa i:v ayop(i ptOT! Eq rptw(Jo),ov oaol'
pw(}apl'ovaaq, q u: r;'v avrtJrtpaq qJrE:lPOV m:Ei},a-
aa i:v r(li xaJ..ovpivrp I'vlEravoi{X povam:'!{?irp rol'
(Jiov flEraf/rptiaaa(}(f.l 61' nVE:q i{!{!LTTOVV
aimlq arp' vljr'!),ov viJxrw{?, raVrri rE: rijq axovaiov pEra-
{Jo),ijq ciJr'lJJ.i!.aaovro,
ngoXOlll0S,fl.vb!bora, (I, 105-106
A. J. Haury).
AJ-.Acl "at Yla He; yvvui"re; EJ.weEQiwv rJewv i'J f)w6wQa
ipQOVHSE va ,urJXavE!JEraL {Jaaavwrr,QLa. Aipov, Amoro,' av-
yxivrQwaE Jravw ano nEVWxOai(; JrOQVEC; Jrov inw(jvav
Qf.lOl(Jr, arrJv aY0[Ja r[JElC; o(1o),OVC;, oao va q;,avEl
yw. r'lv xa(}'1,uE[JlVli rQoq;Jj rovC;, Xl aipou HC; eOT,l).O OTi'JV
avrtxQlvr, (JUQl6. %at He; r:pVUJ.%l.(JE oro /-lOva(Jrr,Ql JrOV TO
CLiW%U),ovv "file; MEruvoiae;", EmXEi[J'I(J, va He; avay,,6.aEl
v' a}-.AclsOVV re6710 K6.nolEC; an' auriq T:rJ vvxra au-
TOxrol'OVaav, 71i,wvwc; (Jro %EVO a710 '/JrJ).6., XWfl' aurov
rov [120710 y),!rwpo.v a710 ['Iv aVEmO',)III/U/ flErUaT:QOip'} rov
fJiov TOVC;.
Iwv flQox6mo oJ[olllllnaL Eva EQYO llO;':()l\-
QlUS, Til. I1vi%oora 'AJroxQuqJOC; <laroQia, 67tou YlVEtUl
),6yoS YlClTOV uxo),aoTa Blo 111<; auwO<QamQa; 8ro/)wQaC;
xm "llS AV1WV[VClC;, "1C; au!:,uyou TOV CYtQC1.t1lYou I3EI.LauQi-
OU, XC1.81'1; xm YLU nlv W'JI.OW'.6T'11Cl TaU ]OU01LVlClVOU.
ELvm EmTQEJl16 LlIllo<; (lrODe; uu),mouC; LOT001nYQacpous 1'0.
ElvC1.L II(JlAo7tQ6aw7toL.
rTOV 'AVIO BLTll.\IO PoBevo<; ot !;e:XWPI-
OTa IT.\OiOIO OVTlKPIOTa, 0 10UOTIVIOVOe; KOI ITpoa<pe-
pOVTO<; To UTlepOXo aUTa
Ta 1T0.\1IT10iKI.\a TOUe; TI<; \JOp<jlec:
aKoAou8lac: TOU oUToKparoplKou on TO
rrapTpTa ra xapaKT1JP'OTlKQ KOI Vlvav tIrE
alTo TxviT<; TOU ITOU tKti I'e:Taf,u TWV
TWV 52&-547, ciTe a,TO niOTOTe:pa ov8i60.\a (lTporuno
lTOU 0' Pa6tva. rTOV Ol'lAo TWV
ITPOOWITWV 1' Tov 10uonvIOvo KOI 0 nIOKOlToC:
TianOl Via va Trw
TOU, TO 0.\.\0 Kupla npoaWTla
ITOOiVVWOTa.
BAII/\HI KAITAPOI
141
To XClpoYP04l0 1605 (100e; 01.) rro-
TO TOU 'Hpwvo TOU
ylo rro"opKio rro.cwv, nou orrOTt'c;
rro.OIoTcpWV cpywv. (IKOVO, orro TIe; TOU
Xtlpoypa4lou, noploTavTOI YC4lupac;.
"$laTE, itiv fcm Xrl.tmO" 1' If; yivwu, IJJrov15a-
JilY flav JrallTw, or; rov vOlrol' 1; fWWJiOl' ij liflVl/V ij
lupo'Y n rowVrO'v cir; oxV(!wJia ... Ei 15vafJaroi dllLv oi
rOfrm xai Jirl.lun:a xafJaJ),.apiwv ovrwv reov iXOpOlv,
apxEl rij ir; Oxv(!warv rou dilrou 15vcr,"JE!a.
El yi1{J axoJ,ovOQUInV ai aJia/:,at tv rOlC' :'owvror.r; rOfrol5'
xai iJrwrpdl5' TOl5' waaoJiiYou; oux daiv, uUa 15vaJiaa-
(JaOl c6(Jiaxavrar.
MIJ.1JQ;XLO;, I'rpan,yrXol', 0.478
(boll. G.T. Dennis- E.G:,millscheg).
Oral' ry avvavrryary (;;E ro ExOQr"a Ol:QCluvllOra) yiVEr((l
aE nEOla00, rou nQhw YO ;raYd, va EXE! ara
vwra rou Eva v lWraJiO ,wa lll'vry xan naQo.uow nov ya
roy nQomOrEVfl .. Avo ranor; fil'a' ()jla,Baro5', "at I<ah-
ara av 0< EXOQol dVaI IJrJrFlr;, uQ"d yla rr/V][!!oowola rov
O"rQwo:doov 'I ovo"olia nov l1QO(JrpfQd W <pllalxo iTeQI-
(J6.i.J,ov. Kat aE :rEljiJrrwrJll nov u;ro,{ovOoll" ('IIU!;', oi;
rirowuc; ova{3orovc; rOJrouC;, OEl' w!f!?ovv ;raCiai,ou
TOVr; ol'wraJ,ov" OUJU OEV /moQovv va I<ErWavryCio-Vv.
To LrQarryyIXov lOU MauQlxlou ELVa! fua arro lie rroAAEC;
O'(QCI'llllWt.l:; :TOU
jtou lOy 40 rrX, at. IlE ,oy i\lvEi.cl. To
E'{,(ElQl6w aUTO, TrOU aTro6[OET:m 010Y aUToxQrCioQa '(OU
Bu1;aV'(lOU MOllQlXlO (5R2602), CutO W lILO
EVOl.ClfpEQOVW EQya OTga'( TEXV'IS nou YQaqmjxay
xaHi '('I 6LCtQXELa 1TjS mQl.aoou, l:'(O;(OS ,OU
OUYYQCI'I;Ea Elval YCi TI:EQlYQa'lj>El O)"ES TIS
1'1S xa8qilrQlV11C; Yom
y.m va YlYEl 'WWVOTI10S mous
ftavaEJtI11J;(El10 OXOlIO o.UtO(iey6WHi1;ElvaXQTjolllorrOL-
u.:rlouo1EQll y),woaa,orQCltllllHXOUS oQOU; XCII.
JlQOEAeU011S (%atmo" xa,6alAriQw,)
KA80MIIIOYMENH KAI rPA<1>OMENEl:
H AOrOTEXNIKH KOINH (50C;-100C; AlfiNAI)
060<; al. anon:}..Ei onlv TaU
KpC110U<;. H E:ioooo<; TIl<; EMllvIKr1<; y}..wooa<; OTOV KpallKO
TI<; Nwp{;r; TaU 10UOllVIaVOU EiVQl 11 TaU anO}..uTOU
TIl<; aUTOKpaTOp[a<;. H OlaOIKaoia OUVOOE:UE:-
101 KQl ana 010 y}..WOOlKO minE:oo. Tunal KQl OUVT<l-
TIl<; Apxa1a<; y}..wooa<; nou O1OV
ypamo Myo aiVE:TQl on ana TOV npoopl-
KO. 01 KQl Ta aVllKa8i01avTal OTOV npooplKO
Myo E:V ano OE:UTE:pE:UOUOE:<; npOT<lOE:I<;. H TWV ouy-
ypaswv va yp6ouv KOTavollT6 OTO KOIVO TOU<; OOIlYOUOE:
OE: fllav aManaill 0Tl Tile; y}..wooae; nou XE:1 we; npOTuno Tile; TIlV
TOU EuayyE:f..lou.
Ta TaU 60u al. olamoniJVE:1 KavEi<; E:UKo}..a
lle; olaopnIKs<; T60E:I<; nou mlKpOTouV: oln}..a OTOUe; apxa'101Se;
npOKomo (IOTOplKOe; Tile; mOXrle; TaU 10U01IVIQVOU) KQl Aya8ta (nOIIl-
Trle; KQlIOTOPIKO<;, nou TO spyo TaU npOKon[ou),
TOV Iw6vvll Ma}..6}..a Kal TOV ouyypasa TaU 0aoxoAlOU XpOV1KOO.
oIw6VVIl<; MaM}..a<; yp6E:1 Yla sva E:Upun:po KOIVO ana E:KE:lVO 010
onolo anE:U8UVOVTQl 01 apxa'ioTe; TaU Kal va
EiVQl KOTaVOIlTO<; ana O}..OU<;. TauToxpova, a Ma}..6}..a<; mlOlw-
KE:I va E:[VQl aploTOTSXVIl<; ouyypasa<;, yE:yovoe; nou TOV
va y}..wooa TaU ypamou Myou 'ETOl npoona8Ei va
ouVOUaOE:l OTOIXE:la TIl<; oTolxEia Tile;
y}..wooae;. TIlV E:VTLmwOTl TIl<; Ka8olJl}..ouIJSVIl<; E:VIO)(UOUV 11 napOTa-
01 nE:plpaOE:I<; KQl Ta ouxv6 avaKo}..ou8a. ME: TOV
Tpono aUTO TO XpovoypaIKo tpyo TaU Iwavvll MaM}..a anOTE:}..Ei TO
npWTO KOIVrl<; OTIl ypalJlJaTE:la
Kala MaM}..ae; y[vnQl aPXIlYSTIl<; TIl<; Xpovoypaia<; Kat
TIl<; }..alKOTE:PIl<; }..0YOTE:xvia<;. H napaMIl}..1l OTOIXE:iwv TIl<;
y}..wooae; KQl Tile;
OE:V oOllyd OTllv nE:pimWOTl aUTrl OE: y}..WOOlKO xaoe;
aVTi8na OdXVE:1 vav 6OTO 0POIJO YLQ TOV ouvouaolJo TOU<;
AUTO TO aKo}..ou8ouv apKE:1oi ouyypaE:i<; nou E:m8u-
IJOI:JV r.a TOUC; va dVQl KOTavollTa OTllv nAE:IOVOTlllO TWV
H nIAoYrl TOUTIl OY OUVOTOl fIE: TO TOUe;
minoo, aMa TO OKono nou E:mOIWKE:I va TO spyo.
2:' aUTrlTIl EiVQl noMa aYlo}..oYlKa Kd-
(nplv ana TOV 100 al.), aUTrlv 8E:00wpo<; 2:TOU-
OlTIl<; OTIe; Kau)XI701r; npoe; lOU<; 1J0vaXOUe; TIl<;
2:TOUO[OU) Kal Tie; m01o}..s<; TOU, aUTrlv E:mMyouv 01 ouyypai<;
nou Til oloiKIlOIl TaU Kp6TOU<; (KAT]TOpoA6-
YLO TOU rtJ1Ao8tou), Til npaKTIKrl (TaKTlKO, NaU/laXIKa)
KQl TIlV VOll08Oia (Kavov<; Iuv6t5wv). AUTrlv T}..Oe;
OIOTllpEi Kal MylO<; aUToKpaTopa<; KWVOTaVT[Vo<; nopupoysv-
VIlTO<; OTa YKUK}..onQlOIKOU spya TaU. H ola-
op6 OTO MYlo npOO[1l10 TWV spywv KQl Ta
ana a}..}..E:<; nIlY<; nou aKo}..ou80uv dVQl 0 Kwvo1Q-
VT[VO<;, aIJwe; , olKalo}..oyEi TIlV aVOIJOIOIJOp[a 01l}..WVOVlO<; 01l
142
XPlloq.lOnO[llo8 Tllv onM yAWooO (KQ8W{llA17/-lVT) p6-
ale;) YlO va dVOl KOl 8UKOAIl OTIlV KOTOVOlloll.
Ol 15loqJopte; nou 11 TWV
TOU tpyou TOU Iwovvll MOAQAO OqJdAOVTOI
oTO 15l0qJ0P8TlKO npoTuno nou YIO Til Tile;
XPOVOYPOq>[oe; TOU OTOlXdo onaVTOUV 08 OAOKAIlPO
TO tpyo. 0 MOAOAOe; OVTloTK8TOl OTllv TOar Tile;
yAwoooe; va TIlV KOTOAIlE;1l -OV TOU 8V8PYllT1KOU OOp[OTOU
6' 08 -a (dna OVTi elfTOV, ijyaya OVT[ ijyayov, efTWa aVTi t:fTwov),
qJopte; 8VOI08l. LUYXUar 8nIKPOT8[ OTIl TOU oop[-
OTOU KOl TOU 0 onoloe; onwe; KOl 0 un8p-
oUVTAIKO<;, q>ope; n8plqJpaoTlKO (ci/-li + OOplOTOU
8v8OT6na). L8 n8ptffiW081<; KOl
OT8pOU<; Tunou<; TOU ci/-li (eoo OVTi rOel) KOl TIl<; TWV
TWV 08 -/-ll (0600<; OVTI aoue;, erjoae; OVTi ede;, OTrjoae; OVTI OTOe;).
LUXVO TO W TIl<: KOTOAIlE;Il<: TOU nOpOTOTlKOlJ TWV n8pl-
08 au (/-l8Ai:rouv OVTi /-lE:ATWV, rjnarouvro OVTI
nnaTWVTO). EE;tAIE;1l nopOTllpdTOl Kat OTIl Tile; nou 80
OTllv QKAITll 08 -ovme;, 0 MOAQAO<;
TIlV VlKOU TOU OP08VlKOU yvoue;, OVE;OPTIl-
TO ono TO ytvoe; TOU Tile; (TO Ailj.Javov Dvm). LuyxuOIl
8nIKPOT[ KOl OTIl TWV npo8t08wV iv KOl cie;: iv + XPIl-
YlO va 0IlAW08l TIlV K[Vlloll npoe; Tono, vw de; +
YlO va 8KqJP0081 Til OTOOIl O Tono.
Xpuoo VOIlIOIlC TOU cUTo_pilTopc
B' (408-450)
NOlllOllCT1KO Mouoio).
()woorJLo, 0 fJaotkiJ, J.afJEiv yuvai;w d, yapov.
"ai WJ.J.t Tn alnov aOcJ"py llOUAXf.f?i(X rfi [)wJroivn, ovon
JrO{}OEv(1J, fin, w, ({Jt).ovua rol' [OWl' aVTiI, aod({JrJv oVJ.
d?,aro yap7J(}ijvai TLVL' [...] "ai cbrev amy 0 aVTo, [Jaot-
).cv, ()WOOOtO, on EyW Ouw, d dJ{}ll' POt vcwrE{}av
cVPO{}({JOv Jravu, L'va rowvwv "aUo, piJ i!xn YIMI Ei,
Kwvuravnl'ovJroJ..!v [ ] xai aX7J"owoa rama iJ /)/'mrot
va OovJ.xc{}ia Jruvruzov JrCIJl/!c JrC(J/{!yat;opi:Yq,
Iwavvlj, Mttlal.o.c;, X{}ovOY{!(J.(piu, 352.13-353.5
(ix/). L. Dindorf).
o ;3aowlui, eWOOOLO, t;1)WVOE ,UUl yuvaixa yw va T1)V
navTi?EVrEL Kat EvOXJ.OVOE T1)V aodrpJj WU, T1) OEonolva
JTou),XEi?{a, nov Jjwv nOi?Oiva "at ana "1)1' ayan1) T1)r; yw
roy aoc).rpo r1), dXE nQorl.fJJ10! va !i1)V Jwvrl2cvTcL [.1
KQl r1)r; dJr {ow, j3oo,)to.r; 19wooowr; on Of),w, (LV
,uov {3QEt, !ita via no}, v0P0l2rp1), nov 0pota T1)r; 0P0I2TtrJ.
va !i1)V iX! XOPUl yuvaixa aT1)v KwvowvnvovJCoA1). [ ... ]
Kat TO <hOVOE auro. 1) JTouJ.XEi?ia XQL ioreth 1'0 1jJo.!;ovv
navwv.
To erno tOv [waVYll MaAo),a EivaL 1] aQXaLOtEQ1]
XQovoYQaq;io nou [.la<; eXEL OW8Ei O)'"Eliov
o auYYQmpEo<; t1]S cpaivEtaL on XOtayl"taL ana t1]V Avno-
XlO XaL ClJtO t1]V tOv Avamooiou
WS t1] tOu IouOtivou B' (565-578). LtO nOQonavw
ItEQLyQarpl t1]v VUljlll<; yta tOv
uUToxQaloQCI. 8w06oLO B' (408-450).
To OXJ,w av XO.l XCl.VOvIXa CTUV1aooETOl fLE
EOlO EXEl OE 0 oUVOEO/-lO; dir; XQ110l[.l0-
nOlEllaL aL1LOAOYLXII yta va EXCPQo.OEI vnOXEljIE-
amoAoylo. 0 Mo),a),a; tOv XQ1]Ol[.lOnOlEl aOloxQLW,
OXO/-l1] XC!l 01' 1] umo),oylu ELVOl avtlxEl/-lEYlXI1 To ir; +aL-
XQ'l0l/-l.onolEL1aL UVTL toU tv + yta va OTj),w-
aEl 11] Ola01] OE lana. H o1]fLOaLa TWV eXEl
awvLaEL XaL Yl' UU10 a MClAoAa; 61'0
OvrWv1!fLLE<; (rov lOWV aunlr; aod<pov) '(La va ExcpQomL TTlV
llita iwola. ELVOl XO.l 0 O)',ll!.tClUfJ!10J; TIl'
10V nClQUXEl/-lEvOV aX1)xowaa UVTL wu (!TtllWU
(%1)%ouia.
XPUOO vOlllolla aUTO_poTtipaC; (450-453),
TOU B' NOlllCllallKO MOUOEio).
L:O<DIA KOTZAMnAIH
143
o"Bioe; TOU 'Ayiou ntrpou OTO MryvoA6ylO TOU TOU
110u ai, (Cod, Gr 2 585, Bv-
Tia,
OvyagIll'I,bro ravrollarovvOllioEtf:v w; rov VE%(}Ov V1tO
bEJuplVOe; ovbi rLVOe; aiJr{iJ rUme; i(}ya(Ja-
/livI,e;, "On IIEv ya(} r{iJ ovn &J.cpie; avrol' wrxaVEt
(jaM-aU//<; iLW:y;cwv, Ov d(}ryrw r(Jo1tOY, oacpiararov
E[val bo;<El, :ro)J.iijv rE xar'&ElVOV rol' lPOVOY IIVTjllryv
roD rowiJrov .-wu/Oa/lEvwv. Kai aiJroe; bi: En ;wlboe;
olbaMOIIEYOY br'avr{iJ, 00 roaX(JorddmbvionrobE"
Au.cpie;b'brivwra;<oII'(WV
rpigwvbriyab",.
Ilioc;xaiIIU.gW(}LOV wiJayiovAomaavoiJ(P. G.114),
To1(E4-<EVO ELVaL TOU IUf.lEWV IOU Mnacpgaotl},ELVaL ow-
f.lEVW<; xagCixTllglom:o Y,al Cl1J8EVTLXO OELnlCi Ct'!lOAOYlXOV
OE (xawoxEuo,OfLEvll)
"ElapEY we; 1}J' fie; ro rpovuxapwv Ev /ll{i:ravbou(JIV xai
av),/v de; fv arEYo(Jvlll1', 07rOV 7rVEV/la axa-
Oaprov [ ... J'ne; oJv [rpuyEY ro oW/l(mov, :ra(}ij).OEY we;
Aiflio1/J blu. roiJ cpovw.apiov xai o).a ITVVixJ.aoEY. "ico-
arpi:rpae;oJv0 OaV/laOIOe;U;/El rfi avOEVrpi{-l aiJrou' Tie;
[Xi.aoE mum; '1/ lH ([Tn" Ere; lIaiJ(Joe; .nxaraparoe;
IllOEY xaialalTVVixAam:v,
Rioe;};V/lEWVOe;roD Ealov,87,20-811,l
([;<6. J. FestugiereIh Ryden.
ITgOXfl.TCIl yw, XC<QC<XTllgLOTlXO ;rQOflE'wqJgaoTlxo )"a(xo
TQ01'[O C<YLOAO"ILXO f.lE aqJ80vc< 01WW011 OWLXElC<:
rpova;aiQLOv: xaramllflCi ow 01'[OLO lWVAOVV W EOEOf.lC<
rpouoxc<, Kura TOV Du Cange cpouoxa EarLv 1(C<L
uowg XC<L we, OVO' IlovoouQLV: '1 ),:;1'], nou cLVaL
vJ"(oxoQwnxo TaU uQXaLov n6.voovQOC; JluvoouQu (dooe;
t ixoQoov /lOVQ'lXOV oQyavov), EOW (JC<qJE(J"wta.
ITVEIJOTO 6gyovoxw TO X(1)TLXO/lUl'rov
QO: nA(tyiuv},oc;,no."1 )eES'] orcvoQvlltv toVEOEUllvl-
'0"'lWQIVOITtfl'O.To8lj), y.o a{:ail, rJlCl, ;rOllrivfJ.Lyvwa,o
a.rro aQxaLa W VEOTEQO ocpill1:qa
KQlC<QCL, /1Es,,(6). H Tll<; CLVTWVVftlC<S oi.oC; C<VTL
'11;C<Qxa;ac;;rue, EmxgaTlloxmCIT11 Nca
oUv oi(juo abu.cpoiiXa/lI'Ol'h:tl(JE igya(Jiae;
xailAa/IPavov/lw06l'.
MoaxolJ,AELIIWvaplOv,97 (P. G.87, Ill).
'EXOqL EOW c<no n<; nC<AC<LOTEl!FC ILC<QTlJQlEC; yLa 1l)
XgT]Oll XaL 111 '(O!) gllilC<10<; xci,al'w, onwe; XC<l (J'I]
NEC< (%c!vw oovlEdc;),
KA80MI,IOYMENH KAI iPA<1JOMENEl:
HrAnIIA TnN ArlOAOrlKnN KEIMENnN
'. Ms TOV OpO OylOAOylKO n OylOYPOCPtKO
KlJ.lSVO YSVlKO TO Kl-
J.lvo nou oVOCPPOVTOl an) KOI mil
AOTplO TWV OYlWV, TtTOlO KsillSVO lvOl
TO MopTlJpIO (ollAOon 01 OCPllynole; YIO
TO 1l0pTUplKO 80VOTO TWV ayiwv), 01 BiOI
TWV OOlWV 1l0VOXWV, 01 0CPllynos1e; Yla TO
80ullora, 01 ljJuXWCPSAle; olllyf]osle;, 01
OpOOle; (XPIlOIlOAOYlKou XOPOKnlPO
..
,\,0'",nC ilt: :nf'N-r:r'''.I,(:
KlIlEva), Ka8we; Kat nAf]80e; oMwv nou

, )"V({
ovacppovTalO nOIKIAa 8IlOTO Tile; 8PIl-
)-. 'T'-U...,et..
/rt:>c:'r.""\I.</II-rr"'{Tp0'l:'"
OKUTlKne; OE Ka81spWOEle; VOWV
' ',l,,/"
.
.A,,' KOI AOTpEUTlKWV XwpWV, O OVOK0J.lIOe;

-..<i f'OTII!p.{jd1-' ...
lPWV AElljJOVWV, O nOA1l0Ue; KOI Ent-
r'l
f',
.. -1f''';<T'lIT')\'rt'
OpOIle; EX8pwv, as8EOIlIlVle; KOl CPUOlKO
CPOlV0J.lVO (EnLOIlIlISe;, OIOIlOUe;, nupKO-
yle;, EKAlljJle; IlAIOU KOl KAn,),
14 ... ,', , ... '--o.J
novToTE 66010 as OXaT) IlE TIlV unEp-

npomooloTWV oy[wv. To KlIlEVO
r:::;.:::, ,;..
aUTO aVTLnpOOWnuouv TO KUplO OWIlO
II.",.:., ,n- U "'I, .,,.;,/,.,..:'
Tile; 0CPIlYIlJ.lOTlKne; Aoyon:XVIoe; TWV
onwe; 660l0 KOl OAWV TWV
XPlmlovlKwV AOWV TOU MWOlWVO, KOlllO
oMIl AOYOTXV[O ov ayonn8T)K nEptOOOTEpO KOl KOJ.lIO oMIl ov
lX TOOO llyoAIl onnXT)aT) OTO oVOyVWOTIKO KOlVO Tile; c;noxne;, 00011
OYlOAOYlKn, To OylOAOylKO KslJ.lEVO KpOTOUOOV novTOTE TIlV npwTIl
8aT) mo oVOyvWOTlKO EVOlOCPPOVTO QAWV TWV ana TO
KOTWTpO mpWIlOTO Tile; KOlVWVlOe; we; TO OUTOKpOTOplKO npI60A-
AOV, KOl aUTO PJ.lIlVEU1 TO TpomlO nAf]80e; TWV XlpoyPocpwv IlE TO
onolonopo068IlKov. 'Onwe; nOAU owmonopOTIlPn8IlK, oraOYLOAO-
YIKO KsillvO npn1 va KOVle; TO best-sellers Tile; c;noxne;,
To TWV KlllVWV OUTWV lvOl TspomlO Kat 11 nOIKIAio
TOUe; YnoPXouv KlllVO AO'LKO AO'LKOTpono, XOPlTWIlVEe;
OCPEAle; orflynOIe;, IlE TO OPWIlO Tile; onAOTIlTOe; KOl Tile; oVEntTnOEUTIle;
KcppOOIle;, onwe; unoPXouv KOl oMo 11 oxoAomlKn t:n-
jl uqJoe; n0J-lnWOe;, jl OXOAlVlJJTO KOl aVOLJOlO prFoplollO,
LTOUe; npwTOUe; 0l0We; Ta OyLOAOYIKO KljlVO ypocpo-
VTOV KOTO KOVOVO OE yAWOOO nou 6PlOKOTOV no}..u KOVTO OTllv
OJ.llAOUJ.lVIl Tile; c;noxne; Ano TOV 90 at nopOTIlPslTOI J.lIO OTpOCPn
npoe; Til YAWOOlKn 0PXOlonpnlO, nou 601Vt nopOAAIl}..O 11 TIlV Qva-
6iwOll Kat TIlV TOU KAOOlKIOIlOU mo AMo 11 jlyOAIl
TOjln mllv nopoooOTJ Tile; OylOAOyIKne; AOYOTXvioe; 0IlI.1EIWVSTal mo
1.100 TOU 100u at, 11 TOV LUjlEWV TOV METOpOOTn 0 LUIlEWV, nou
OVnKSl mov KUKAO nov AOY[WV TOU KtuVOTOVTivou TOU nopcpupoyv-
Vf]TOU, EnLXIPIl08 Til jlTOCPOPO TWV YAWOOlKO onAoumpwv KOl
OlljlWompwv OylOAOylKWV KljlVWV O YAWOOO ATT1Kf],YlO va TO
KOTomf]ol orl8EV nL01ljlcmpo, 'ETaI OlljlLOupyn81lKs jllO VO TOOIl
mllv OylOAOYlKn AOYOTXV[O, 11 AYOIlVIl jlETocppamlKrl", mllv
onoio 0LUIlWV OCPslAl KOl TrlV npoowvullioTOU METOCPPOO"Trl,
144
H nou Olllv napooooll Tll<; AO-
yon:xv[a<; ono Tllv aUTTl TaU siVQL ovunoAaylOlll.
OTllV aXPllO[o KQL OTll TO nOAQLOTSpa AalKa-
Tpona nou OSV OVTlypOIjlOVTOV ma, ylaTi OSV TO Sswpouoav
XoSllKav STal 11'1<;
AoyoTsxvia<;, nou Sa slXav, SKTO<; ana TO oAt-a, Kat YAWOOlKO
sVOlaljlspov, W<; Tll<; O!llAOU!lSVll<; yAwooa<;, onw<; !lnopOU!lS
vo ona TO Aiyo npO!lTOPOOlIKO KsL!lVO nou nsplowSll-
KOV. AVTlnpOOWnSUTIKO npOj.lSTapOOTIKO KsLj.lSVO j.lS YAWOOIKO
svolaspov S[VQL 0 Bioe; TOO ayiou noprpupiou emoKorrou 01
BioI TWV XoAwv 6yiwv LOAou KQL Avopsou LOAou), 0 BioC;
TOO aaiou <1JtAapi:TOu TOO 'EAu7J10vae;, KAn. nSplSXOUV nMSo<;
KQl Tunwv Tll<; O!llAOUilsvll<; EAAllVIKr']<; Olllv KwvOlavTlvounoAll KOl
OTO OOlIKO KEVTpa Tile; AVQTOAr']<;. nOAt-s<; ona TI<; OUTS<; Sni-
61wvouv W<; oTlilspa 6011S0UV OTl1V SPj.lllvlo TOU
Tunou Tll<; OlWOO[O<; nOAt-WV npOKSITOI YIO sva 0At-0 OVK-
!lTOAASUTO OKO!lll OPUXsLO KQL 0llj.laOIWV, nou 0XI j.lOVO So
nAOUT100UV TO SAt-llVlKO OAt-O Sa KQl OTll AUOll
nOAt-wv YAWOOlKWV np06All!lOTwv.
?'" ' I
eai ,klI.OP-uTIi
1';"1,
01 AYIOI 0oowpol (()oowpoe; 0 KCl 0 ()oowpoe;
o KaTa6oAAOUV TOUe; 0pOKOYTe;, fTOU TO
Tau (KpIjTll, Moylj TOITAou).
KaruJ)over{/. {j xarw E!,51' i)JOJ{! o).!yov xat tnjua, rol'
imrov X{!o; rliv ciaij)J}cv xa-rw. Kat v/lW{!
xai brorw 'TOl' ,JrJrOv, 1{)wv 6b{!axwv XO{JI/V
w{Jaiav rri ij).,Y.ifl. xai EvpogtpOEtJ,i nil'61/JlII xai Jrllyxa-
).01' Jrlivv ii{Jol').ijOlj ag:JCa(J(fL avrijl' [... J.
To lIulifl OQUZO\'TOXTO\'t;
TO;; Ayiou flflJliwQou TO;;TiWt>lVOl;"
(A. cta Salle/orum Novembrif, lV, 47A).
EV(naCjJf'(>01' ltaQoucn.6tcc 1] XQ!lCllJ lOU aOOE1'ly.cl) lunou
TIl; liE 1.!;rOKElll VO yE1'O lhj).1)Y.O " (%/ rEJ.Ouvua,
oliow;, i),(j<1J1'). L(1'CIL (JUCjJl'lC; IlaQluQLa y,aT1]1'
111, ClQXn(o.; fllWx1i
oA6avaalOe;, 0 Tile; <no
Aylo 'Opoe;, uno TWV ompovwy. TOIxoypo<pia.
GEOXAPHZ liETOPAKHL:
145
l:rjW{JOV>I{lEfJtiratbri
6 EV iitlaaLvrr,vyiiv>lpEfJaaaq
arE!pavov ri.xavOwv Jrq;nrlOEwL
6 rwvri.Yl'i).wvpaadwq
l/!WlJl/.TOjl!pvpavJrE{lLfJa)J",wL
6JrE{JLfJaUwv rOv oV{Jav6v tvVE!pE}""lq'
ga:J1LafJa >lardii!;aro
6 tvlo{ltlaVfI iJ.EUIJEflwaaq rov'AbafJ'
ij}.mqZ!!OCT1]AW01]
6 vvfJlfJio,rii,E>lx},TJaia,
UranixcvrrjOq
6 vio,rij,Jra{JOEvou.
nt!orr",uvoiJfJtvaov ra naOTJ, X{}/(Jri,
i5Eilgov i}fJ1V"airr,v aovavaaraalv.
(W.Christ-1\1. Plltlmikas.
Anlhologia, cr. 91).
L:rjflEQa 'lQ<}UITCLL aE aravQo
aVTo,nov'lQE/woETTJ 1'TJ owvoaw'
rpo[!dayxriO,voaurpavLarapaUui
aVTOe;nov(!luqJEVUVEL rove; a1'yi?ove;
TVAiyErCLLfL 1/JElmxTJ nOQrpvQG
avro,aOV pcw VErpTJ '(0OTE[!Ew.ua
vmi,uELvE xaQTEQLxa TO QaiCwfla
amoe;nov),VTQUJOE TO )'Evoe;TUJV avOQwnUJv
.LiEfJriJr(wpaorovnowfloIOQr!avTJ'
%aQrpWOTJXE orosv),ofJE 1w(J!pla
oNvprpioqTI,e; E%%A'}oiae;'
xevTljOq%( [iC ,lorxTJ
oViO, TIl';llu(jOEvou
Ta rraOTJ .-r(JOO'l1)VO!)/lcV oov, X(JLrJrE,
rpaviQwaEpae;%aLTlIV ivooSTJ Avaawarj(lrJV.
To TQorra.Qlo rile; LWUQWOEUle; ElVCU Eva cwo
ro. OE1{CinVTE Ctvrirpwva )1;OlJ \VO),),ovrCLl OTOV
og()go M. u X08E Igl.a avri
qJUJVCi Eva 'lriOLO/W' nagOlJ-
Oll/.tEICLl 011),ao1'] avnarOLxia ue; TgEle;
onione;, one; onoic OI.alQEi"m Ta lJIa),nlQLOv
on1 VUXTEQIYJi nXOAOUOlc' (llOU arwTdovv Eva
'lri(JlO,L1Jl), %('(1 FJr(I>QWTl1 TO\I jJ'[)),lXOll
O1:OlXEiou lJllvoygUtplo. :TOlJ 0'1AWVl. %at
1'11' ngUlq.lOUI1:a 'lOlJ LIEI' Eivm
av 0 Ull voe; ELVCLl Egyo TalJ KlJQu,)"ou
oQEiae; (_444) I'] 100 LwcpQovioo IEgoOO),UIl(J)V
( 634/631\).
TOU Pwpovou TOU aTlr; TOIXO-
ypoq>icr; TOU Ko80AIKOU
(AylO 'Opor;), EPYO TOU YVWOTOU
0 Pwpav6r;
aTOV OTv6poKpa xwpo nou
OLjlOU OTO KEVTpO unoPXEI POKpOOTEVO
pove,060 napoeupo. ITO 60PEIO 0
npWTopOpTUpOr; ITtLjlovor;. H lWV Mo
aTO IEp6 EivOi OTa CIKOVOYPOLjlIKO "PO-
ypeppmo KOI
KAI ,PAilJOMENEl:
"METO AYXNO TOY AITPOY"
(TO KONTAKIO)
H KKA'lOLa, an6 wlopaOl1 T'le; AOTpd-
ae;, larlyay VWpLe; CJT'l npaE;'l TOUe; UJ.-IVOUC;,
'lTlKU ooE;oAoylKU EvbaE; wiOl1e; OTO AlTOUPYIKO TumKO
Tile; TOUe; lJ}OApOUC; TOU npOep'lTOVaKTOe; 6a6io, nou npoo<ppOVTQI Yla
KTAOl1 (np6A. aLVIT alJTOV tv xopoale; Kai 0pYUVOle;!"),
Ka8we; Kat Tle; rrVWJ.1QTlKtc; w<'5C;, Ta aUTooxtola

anavTOUV OT'lV lOla T'lV
ELVQI UJ.1VOI O mpo<pte; ioo ou/v\a6wv (1000u/v\a6La) Kal
OT'lv 'l onoLa OlUKOAUVl TOV
oToIxda nou anavTOuv Kal 010 AlTOUPY1KO TumKo o/v\wv
m'lPlaKWv 6P'l0KIWV. 01 npwTol XPIOTlaVIKOI UJ.1VOI
epOl, onwe; 01 CJUVOTTTIKOi T'le; AlToupyiae; (W8lVOL, 0nPlVO(,
TpIOaYIOI, anoAuTIKla, KTA)
avomuE;'l mpoeplKoU A<pTllPla TOUe;
KanOlO 6aolKo Kunapo, aVTlepwvO apXlKO Kat TPO-
naPIO apyon:pa,
To KOVrGKIO anoTAL tKeppaOl1 v6e;
looue; 010
olaolKaoiae; T'le; ana TOV 20
al we; T'lV TOU TOU MAWOOU (60 al), TaU
WI<pavton:pou KOV1OKLWV. Evooyvle; Kat E;wyvle; napayo-
VTe; OUVT'lpOUoav Ta av8KTIKO mOlXlO m'lv nOL'lOl1 TWV
rrpWTOKOVTOKiwv Kat Ol aUTte; ouvt6aAav m'lv avav-
TWV rrpwrwvKOVTaKiwv KaTU T'l OlaPKla TaU 50u at.
o TO anM OTlXOUPYlKO looe; O nol'lOl1.
LT'lV T'le; TOU TO KOVTOKlO OUYKPOTLTat: a. ana TO
rrpooiJ.1lO, KOI avE;upT'lTO ana TO uno-
Aoma TpOnOpLQ, 10 onola OUVOTQl TO ttpUJ.-lV10, TllV
ww06 T'le; Ko8 6. ana Tle; OTpOepte; nou TOV
TOU KovTaKLou Kal OtKOI 0 npw-
TOe; OLKOe; KaALTal dpJ.-lOC; we; OKoAou8Lav Tlv6. Kai TuE;lV Kal
OIOOUe; TO[<; auTOO Tponapiole;" (ZWvapae;, PG 135, aT
422) y. Tllv GKpOOTlxioa, nOlxviol OE;loTxvLae; (aA<pa-
nx IX0YL), nou Tllv
aUOT'lpa To nou dvOI ma TOVlKO, ouv-
VWVI Tle; T'le; looouAAa6iae; Kat TOV
OlKO XPOVO O avomuE;'l TaU OUVOAOU.
H yAwooa TWV KOVTaKLWV (KaT' ouoiav 11 YAwooa TOU
lVat aVTAl ana T'lV napooooll -KUpLWe; TO AKTlKO (KwB-
J.1WV, j1GKap, tpaoc;)- KOI AITOUpyd ai08'lOTJ
IOUYOV1Oe; VOTPIKO OTOIXla OTOV nOI'lTlKO AOYO LT'l
'l napOUOLa TaU Aoyou OTOue;vtoue; TunOUe;
(onwe; n.x. OTa rWoapaVTa, m;vfjVTa, Ta noAAO
Ta O -0) OTle; TOU napaOOOlaKOU
(6nwe; a TOU Kat TWV YKALOWV
Kal 'l vtou VOTW1O ana aoplmlKO
n.x. rrUS0J.-l0l, TUTTTi(w).
146
slVal aVOe; 11 OTOUe; m:plpaOTLKOUe;
TlJnOUe; eXE:1V, IJtAAIV elVQI + wi 8XW ... oou-
Auwv, yauplwv, KTA, Kal aTtpou 11 OIE:UPUVOll Tile;
E:Ksl onou OTle; clAAE:e;
E:YKALOIe;. 2:Tll aOTcl8E:IQ E:VW E:V1OXUE:-
TQl 11 Tlle; 'OAa Ta UVOOUV TllV KaTQV011011
TOU KOVTaKiou ana Ta E:UpUTE:pa KOLVWVIKa
MyOL, Kupiwe; ouvt:6aAav OTllV TOU KOVTa-
KLOU nou apyaTpa OTll TTl OUVTPll0ll
'O,TI ana Tie; pYclAE:e; ouv8toE:le; T11e; TO OTPOCPIKcl
TOU 60u aI., 6p[OKTQl OTOV 'Op8po nplv ana TO
TOU aYLOU Tile; we; KOVTOKtOV, we; tvouv61jJ1
uIJVOC;. To povo KOVTclKIO nou aKt:pQlO OTll
slVQl 0 :4KoB1OToC; YIJVOC; yLa OPLOlltvoue; npr.'llpo, YlQ CIAAOUe;
aLjJLpo, yLa TOUe; nE:pLOOOTE:pOUe; navTWe; IlE:AE:T11Tte; tpyo TOU PWlla-
YOU TOU ME:AWOOU.
TOU I' olKou TOU 'AKOOioTOU OTO X,p6ypoljl0 Garrett 13
(<p. 10) TaU navmaTlwiou TOU Princeton' tva alTO TQ EMXIOTO YVWOTO
X,poYPO'110 160u apxt,170u0'1.) TaU 'AwOiQTOU'YjJvau, To X,pO
ypo'llo ivOi tpyo KoAAlypo'llWV, onoo, 0 KlmplO, AOUKO" wioKonoc;
o MaTBaio" rniOKonoc; Muptoov, KI Evbe; ayvwOTou, np,tx' Ei.oal ntVIE 0,1.0-
1(0'1 npotpXTO' ano Tau Av, ("AYlo 'Opo,),
"airirptJovfl"ofHJIV oilswl')POVV1:E,;
rirpvawmv"ai(Jop(Jiov(J(Y oi"EJJ.'lvcC;;
ri TepO, A.parov rovrpwxaraparov;
riTeMvwvrwTepo,l1J.arwva;
riLJ'lPoaOiv'lVaripyov(J! rovaaOcvij;
ri voovmv"OP'l{Jov O"El.pOV rit;>y6v;
riIIvOayo{JavOpv).}.ov(J/.v rovi'Jlxaiw,rpLllwOivra;
rii5i Tep0!Jrpi:(ovmv m(Jfwovrc,0[,tvcrpaviufJ'l
rorcavaylOv1fVf:Vpaj
"YpvOL, LT. 265,
(Ez/'). P. Maas C.A,Trypnnis).
flQor; ri'1,,;,ovwwlJ'v01 aV0'lWItOvlJwi;
[LariJrEQ'lrpCLvEv01'rat xatOOQvf3ovv Ol EU'IVEr;;
[Lari liE rovAQararav rQWXCLraQCLro;
[LariCLXO),OVOovv r'lv1/JEVOOOL(jCLxlj YOl! flAarWl'CL;
[LariarEQYovv rovaoOEvlj!J'IpOaOEv'l;
fiariJraQavoovv rol''O/I'IQo, OVEIQO CLJrCLr'l)'O;
[LariOLCLACLAOVV rov flvOCLyoQCL novOiXCLW IpIJ1W0'lXE;
nariOEV EQXovrw, xwvanLOuvaovv,a'CLVral),JrOl! cpwrWE
TO flCLvayw flvEVJ1a;
o ElS Tilv ayLav nagf.)',El owv
vo TllV EultaLQLa va TOVLCJEI TllV l'7ffQO)',li ,LOV erf,Hl0!(rvUJv
lJJTO ,0JrCLvaywv 711'f:V/IO., 01 vEOL GOepOL ;WI
TES TOU XgIOTOU bev nlv oocpia, Tll Oltf.1jJ11
,LOV ! yLa va OT1lQLSOVV 10 TT1S ;ti,OHIS.
o aauvaLQHoS Tlf:l(H; aVTlllQooWll DH LCJUJS
Evav ILOVCOf'O TllS H mJVTfJSll TIlS
llgo8w'lSnQor; + amanxli 'JIoarov, Jrooe; n;,arw1'r/.)
aVTlGOnXl1S11 u)'i:'1S !mbnEL0,1;yEVL-
xOTEgES TUOHS tOl, 60u aI. ltC/.l all<; llOlXi),ES CT!rVTUXnXf.s
aXEGasnou , [vouv va OL ngoBi:oELS,
1/ :W(JOL'vOr;(J1wpov rovvlr4!ov(Jwl'rLinCl,
xai ro a;r1AaLOV r0cl.1rgoairf/J JTpo(Jayfi'
1ii'YtJ.0LIlau.lCOLlli:vwv i5ogo}.()yovaL,
paYOL /HperU. a(Jrigo, bi5mrco(!ov(J/'
Ot' yitp iycI'vljOI/
naLMovviol', {) .T(!O alliivwvOco,.
MEkuH\6,"1'1'1'0',(1.1,
(f..b, P."lllasC.A. frypllni,).
2,1)WQCL'1 flCLQOivor; rr.'{l1'Et aTo!'xoapo
aUTOv nov(3QluxrratrrQvUJ OJt'rovX()(JJ.LO %01 CfllJ t'I),;j,
XL 'I '1'1 JrQOOrp.'(lCL11/ OJr'lAW.
a'w;,.,iv)WVOEVPJroQELKawir;"
OLaYYE),OtlLE rov;pOOKOVr;V1jJLVIlOVI' val'vv<; amfho,
"LOL,uayoLOOOlJ[oQovv(lXO),OVOWVfCLr; r" aor(!o.
TwXaQ'Ip"c. ytlll'J)O'lXE0 pIXQOr;XeL(J10r;,
aJrQOWt1.1l'iOr; eEOr;.
To l:gonuQlO ,LOV XgIOlOVYCVV("V' GEV eivOi :rugll.toJrQooi-
ILI01'TOV "KoV((xiou 'lisXgWTOU :rouGX'1PC1.-
Tl!V TOY PQMANOY 0
YMNOL To XOVTUXIO E)',H Tf.aa ClLS OIXOVr; (01:(!0-
cpir;) :tou 01Jvoeovtm [.L XOlVO [fp"'L1'w: natoiov ,'iov, <5
JrQo (llwl'OJv eEOr;. 0 C/xO;,01JOEl T11v uoyyEI,1XI1
EWUYEL WOTOOO XaL oQI/.J!!Eva VEOqJV,'!
xuOTOlXelf/. (IJllfQ0110Wr;, (l-<1Qomw;, blLQV alwvOJv Bto,).
BAIIAHI KATIAPOI
147
anaTO Xlpaypa<jlO Xpo-
TOU naploTovTOI 0
(j1Tl0<; aTO aplGTp6 tv8povo<;, naipvovra<; O

TQI ITAITAl NIKOi\AQl
igbTEUOY YAvI/Elar:;'
Iii I<ai [ .} rpiAtJr:; qmriiar:;,
blEiI'I/; I/ai IIIJiUTtJr:; Ilfa nov Jr}tJuiov uvv-
ovuiar:;, ri;r:; aAvJrov I/ai (iboJ.ov xai qvy-
avarrr:t!olptj; [ ...i AAJ.a Jrwr:; olav fltum ae5al</?l!ri rafi't:a
:fagc},Otiv; O/XOt p.i:l'yap I'EI'OI'U xa(!iwua rrov r,[)uvwv
_TE/Jlm}.i;Y.ffo rEp1/'lr:;, nov l'avOalim:wv rol' JrO-
VOY, nil' nov Em:llwrWVTwv, nlv reov
Jr(!ou[)taJ..<:y0I'L')'wv [ ..1 rotOVror:; yat! X0t!or:; rije:; if/ij,
oll<iar:; 0 xot!or:;. [)i JraJ.tv JC[Jor:; {JauiJ.tov
:r:o})i.i"tr:; aVA/Iv ai rwv cVxwv roii
{J[JabvvEI.Y "
290.
Eyxo.riAEt1/!a It to. EtQ/lv"oi EYiwrafLI/Jo. I'W
yE,UG.r7J y},vX'vrtJra, Eyxari},Et1jJa udo'le; tI/ Otaory,u6r1lra
.. EyxariAEII/Ja DlV JrQoorpJ.ft ,uov '1oo.yJa, avrft r'lv oyvft
Xat W%clQLOr'l ovl'avaorQocpft rwl' Ol"EiWI' 1'00., ovrft TIl
lWQie; JJmI7, "at ,lw,urpie; 07Jory ..17we; ELVOt
oo.1lar6 1'0 {3},imt "avde; va XclVOl'rW o),a avrci XWQir:; va
'Orav f,ueva oro OJrirt /1-00., Y.OAo.,lLTOVOa ILioa
orryl' JflO TEQlrvft EVXClQ[or'l0l7, (JAinovrae; TO EY.Eivwv
nov TIl o,,[vwv nov iOEraV cQwl/ioEte:;,
Tl7V xQoOVjtia Ey.dvwy nov (CTUvrovoav .. ftart' rflOwe:;
i/rav 0 %oQoe:; nov oroonirt /100. Kat OWl' i(Jyot-
va Yta va nG.w orry1l aVlOxQolOQ"ai av},ft, 6;rwe; ylv6rav
ouxva, ,tiE onoXWQElOvoav I'E rQono avyxtV/lrtXO y.a, I'E
naQoy.w,ovoa v l'a ,ul/v OQYl/OW.
METCrCPQ M. NU(Hal;oJT01JAOU-nEAEXLOOU
H EJlLcnO)')l cHa)'flEv11 Xl/O, TOV lIClJrCl NlXOAao A'
(858867) 6ivEl Ilt: ooqnlvuCl TO O'ClYflCl
1tOQELct, TOU (j)W{lOU OE fllCLv OHI,\, EXll {CI.E!.-
llj(JEl, 01tWC; ,/grirpEl 0 P. Lemerle, 11 0XEuxll WTOI10VW0111WV
XgOVl<JV Y.CtlOEV tXEl aQXlOEl axopl'J EVTOVI1
rrOAlIly.110Q(lCJlllQlOI1lW ''is ;rQO:I1 11: 1to.TQloQxlas 'OWl' 0
naTgLaQXIlc lyvcmoc; Y.1I.TU.OI/.cil;EWL, OWl' 1taIQLClQXl''',O
Ogovo 0 <!>wno, xm ClvCl.yxCr1;ETm va CI.Hasel
TQono SWljs
KAGOMIAOYMENH KAI ,PAillOMENEl:
oATTIKIIMOI (7oe;1 Ooe; AU'lNAI)
H 11 OTIlV napoBoOIl KQI OTIlV KAaOl-
nalBdaKQTO TTl BIopK<:laTWV "OKOT8IVWV QlWVWV,
60u KQI 80u al., anOTAdavnA<:YOIJVO OlllJdoTile; H
nllYWV -Kupiwe; 8K<:ivwv nou 8IKOVOlJaXIKEe;
ano\jJ<:Ie;- O<:V <:mTpEn<:1 TIlV aoepaAWV OUlJn<:pOOIJOTWV. Em-
nAEOV 11 8KTiIJil01l Yla TO Ti 88WpiTOt Tllv ono TOUe;
ouyypacpde; anlK101J0e; anlK10TIKO uepoe; 8ivQI0<: 1J8pl-
KEe; n<:ptnTWO<:Ie; anaau1l'1 TWV ouYXpovwv8mOTIlIJOvWV.
EivOt YSYOVoe; OTt IJTO TOV 8wepUAaKTO ItlJoKonll
(IOTOpIKO nouypOep<:1 OTIe; apXEe; TaU 70uat.) Kal TOV
opEa TaU AplOTOTEAIl OTOV 70 al.), 01 onolOi napalJE-
vouv oT08<:panpOOKOMilIJEV01 OTllv napOBoOT], 1J0vo OTa
KdlJ<:va TaU nOTplopXIl <lJwTiou (858-867 KOl 877-886) mOT<:u<:TOI on
TO TaU anIKIOIJOU. nOpOAa OUTa OTOUe; 6ioue;
TWV oyiwv Tile; nploBou OlomOTWVOUIJ<: OUXVO TO
Yla Til <:K1J081l0Tl Tile; nou Til yAWOOO,
onwe; all 1J81WV<: Ia 610ypoepoe; TOU 8<:60wpou ITouBiTIl (759-826), KOl
Tllv 8KTiIJIl0T] Yla TT)v nOIB<:io, nou oUlJepwvo IJ<: TOV lyvoTto OIOKOVO
(770/80-845), TaU 6iou TaU 11 TPIOPXIl Topao[ou (784-806),
oiv<:1 OTOV KOTOXO Tile; Til BUVaTOTTlTO va anO'\'\OOO<:1 Til yAWOOO ana
60p6ap101J0Ue; KQI voTIlV Ku6<:pvo IJ oKpi6810. 0 naTploPXIle;<lJwnoe;
811OlV<:i OTIl B1BAlOerjK17 TaU, onou O[V<:1 OUVTOIJ<:e; 8KT<:VEOT<:p<:e;
Bloepopwv KQI npoy<:vEOT<:pOUe; ouyypa-
epde;, TO IOTOPIKO EPYO TOU npOKOToXOU TOU NIKllepOPOU (806-815),
OUYKOlOPI8ilwVTOe; TWV apnwvTou(0 r'lv<:laKOi
TO OTI "TO V8WT<:ponOIOV EKKA[V<:1 Kat TO OPXQlOTpOnOV Kat
vovou napoTpEXI (onoep<:uY<:1 TOUe; VWT<:plOIJOUe; KQlO<:V nopoyvw-
TO apXQlOTpOnO KQI uepoe;). HyAwooa, WOTOOO,
TaU N1KilepoPOU O<:V 88WpdTQI anaTOUe; ouYXpovoue; <:P<:UVIlTEe; uno-
B<:IYlJo nOloTIlTae; KQI K08apoTIlTOe;.
EvB10epEpOUO<:e; Yla Til TOU <lJwTiou dVOl
Ot Kpio<:le; TOU Yla TOV OnlKIOIJO nOAOlOT8PWV ouyypaepEWV, OAAO KOl
01 TWV 616Aiwv nou OTIl B1BAlOeT]K17 TOU. 'ETOI 0
f'llwv K600l0e; (n<:p. 150-235) we; "iipIOTOe; Kat
8ouKuOloou, <:vw YlO 10 anoOloolJ<:va OTOV Emepovlo Kunpou nova-
pw (40e; 01, 8KT8VEe; KaTo TWV QlpnlKWV BtOaOKaAlwv) 11 Kpioll
TOU dVOl Bt epP001V lOn81VOe; T<: (0 Emepovloe;) Kat oTo
<:iKOe; nQlB8iae; OIJ<:AET11Toe; TUYXOV<:IV (0 Aoyoe; TOU B<:v
aVTanoKp[vnQl OTIe; Tile; KQI epOiVTOl OTt 08V
EX81 KaAA1<:pY118d IJ<: TIlV llQl6da).
148
AVOIlEOa OlaA8stKO nou 0111 Bl6AIOBr'jKT) OUVKma-
A8V8Tai Kal TO 8PVO TaU AIAIOU 610vuoiou AAlKapvao08w<; (10<; QI
n.X.), f\TT/KWV OVOPQTWV Trye; npwTrye; EKOOOWC; Aoyol nEvT, VLa TO
onolo0un8P1laxo<; TaU a11lKLOIlOU nmpLoPX11<; VPOqJ81 01l8lVQL LOLa1-
T8pa VW 8K81VOU<; nou 88AOUV va VpoqJOUV OUllqJWVO 118
TOU<; KOVOV8<; TWV A11IKWV OUVVPOqJ8WV.
T11V napoooOll TaU <lJW1[OU a apXl8nioKO'
no<; KQLOOp8Ia<; Ap8Sa<; (n8p. 850-944), nou 8VLV8 OI0011Il0<; OXI IlOVO
VlO T11 TaU, OAAO KQL T11 TaU OpaoT11PIOT11Ta.
n8plqJ111l0 X8lpovpaqJa K811l8VWV T11<; apXQLOT11Ta<; (nMTWV, APl010-
T8A11<;, EUKA81011<;) VPOT11KOV KaT' TOU KQl oLOp8wS11Kav
axO)\LOOT11KOV onoTOV 10LO.
napo T11V KaM TOU nalO8la 0 WTIO<; nap8KKA[V8l 08
1l8PIK8<; n8ptnTWOEIC; ono TOUC; KaVOV8C; T11C; vAWooac;. 'ETOI
XP110l1l0nOI8l 8vioT8 OVOUS11TOUC; Tunouc; nopmmlKOU un8pOUVT8-
AIKOU, n8pIpaOlIKO dpl +
XP11Olllonot8l OpOEVtKOU V8VOUC; KQL 01QV TO UnOK811l8VO T11<;
EiVQl S11AUKOU KOl Tunou<; nOpaS81lKWV 08 -t!Ti;pOe; Kat
-UTQroe; 08 WiS810nou aVWIlOAa nOpOSE1lKO. '
Jr.Kr K -rr;
.,.Jr f.


n
..u..uJf! ......VI
h{
'Eva ano Ta XlpOvpa'l'a nau napaoioauvTa tp-
ya Tau nMTwva lvOi Ta X,pOvpa'l'a Clarke 39, nou
TO 895 anaTOV ypa<pta KaTO napayyl.iaTOU Apt-
ea KOI TOU n"'OTW-
va. anaTO nou <nO
'l'u...... o 418', TO Xlpovpaq>o OTav 0 Apt8a" nou
KaTavoTav ana nOTpa, OIOKOVOC; Bodleian
Library, Clarke 39).

0, cnu..c.":>1.?"",: ""1>'0-/

OlJ
T><TtTwl 1)1..1
u.<>uhli-o<

o J.i 4"''''''''' G-x<opTttJ cPY"I''''G-p,C'"T"C. -r1

-roLa-'-/< P9'o'T1>po<.yii--rn

q-ydpTO U-rou'6url1ruM'...tr-




'G:J."i'k,f-.y.;p 0"

ITE<!>ANQLTQL EmTOY KANIKAEIOY
Ti rfj JW{jEJ,xV(lE! vof)WEt; ri[v xapn rfj;bO(JE(vr; ...;
oux o[of)a ro oo<pov roiiro xai xapUyrWllOV nJ:fjpEr;
ypapltU., ;;<P'lIJt.V ovrwr;'
wi<Efatxap,rEr; bi{J(JabvV{j,
Haoa Xcl(Jtr; p"fJt5iJiyOLTOxli(Jtr;'"
xaiTIl t5"fJPW{)f;muro{JpaoffaOOOt;, IlamiaXrJ.et.;;"
AQECll<;KaLoaQEia<;,EiHOtO).J1, 38.
fwd vo!hvw;,UE TryV "a.f)vurE[J1WI/ r1) XaQci nov nQourpi-
QEt ro oWQo, 'H !J.1}llWr; ov ro IJorpo Exdvo ;{(U
llvEViwrwOEr;QIFO novJ..iEt." '01 X6.Q'I nov yi"ErwYQli/oDa
[vwmoy.lV!aa'av6,uwr; G.QyJ}IJEl, xcieX6.Q1) ELvwpaTlwj
xwflirrE eO. r'lv i).Eyexavdr;XciQII" ir avronovUel 0 .la.or;
C)(vQo ;rova(nd,dvw,uclWW oo.'Qo.
o AgEElac OTOV LTEqJIlVO, UTTCtI,'.lli,O TlI allT
ygCf.!'!WrELac;. T11V urroo'lf:'''i TaU va TOU <HelAU
Eva XELgoygarfO, ,['Savov >1.[ >lu8ouC; TaU Alownou, Tllv
tTl, IWU Tll xu.go. 10U,
o X).,C(CJlXLCJT,1i<; Agtoa<; 111 CJxo),uii;,n a vacpEQOVTa<; iva
olonxo "1<; llaJ.aw"/r; }1veo}oy[ar; Y,aL >"a q"J,'wTl nou
XQllCJl/-lonOL01JaaV Ol Q'UYXQOVOL WU.
o Kwv<naVTlvouno"'w, (806-815), "aU
malvlTOI Via TO u'l'O, TOU ana TOV WTIO, ival VVWOTO<; oX'
Via TO IOTOPIKO TOU tpvo, nou 'l'i:P1 TOV Xp VIKOV
OUVTOPOV, oHa Kal VIO TOU. ITll
vpa<pio TOU naVTOKpOTOpO, TaU AViou
'Opou, naploTovTal apl<npa Kae,<nO" KpaTwvTa, TO apl-
<npO Tau XtPI (ltOU Ta KaAunTt' TO '!>c...6vI0 TOU O
IKovaTOU XP'<nOU,
L:O<DIA KOTZAMnAIH
149
KAI rPA<I>OMENEf
AKPITIKA TPArOYAlA
... ---:- -
,-.so". :-

152
niOTa TaU npOCPX(TOI oTtO Tie; ava-
O"otpte; Koplveo
KOI OTOV 120 01. TOU
OTC yOVOTl] TOU (Koplveoe;,
Mouodo).
KovgudJolJV oi xougudJOVl' oi'AgafJiue;,
xovgudJolJV rOv 'AvDgovtxOVxai:rai{!VoVl'.qvxalljvrou
yyaUTgwIII:Vl/CvvlllPl/VWV, me; wgae;va ycv1'IjUl/.
Err/v TO yCvvl/UE, UTa uiDfQa TO 0f!iipEL'
I;pava rouTO TliYll;E riJtr/.ovDw liE1'0 ,Lila,
i] api(JwuaTtl l/JIXOVDw liE TIl p&
'HflaVa TOU rou(kiC""A vli pOU, 1" Itl1o(Jovixov",
I;tipigwuarouc}y:"'AuiiIIVu, r' tipLglipou!".
X{!OVLOe;h"aUEro xa!(j,iulC;ro X.Ovrti{!L
XL oral'braTl/UErove;rgEi'r;, X{!anf:raL ;ca)J.//xIi.(JL,
Yioe; rou'Av(jpOVtxOU, U't.l-lO (i:x/). 1:r. AM!;iolJ).
LTO onOOltOO,lO UTO altO 'tOV Y[6 TO'U 'AVOQOVLXOUI>
(nQuno !lWO tOU lOou m.), to ngoypouxCL yqovow. (mx-
!lUi.PIOlO ono HI; TOV AvbQoVlXOV)
OUf!lrugovtOll.l. to lpaVtOOTLXCL (eOUflooni ava-
TOV Vagou yOVOD TOU AVOQOVlXOU). H
EXU n),Eov OU:'!lOgIPWf)El' OlCltllgOUVT{ll oglOflEVO
OHJLXEiO au-
ora gliflOtO, 0 vioe;, EVW EivOll1
nagovolo tWV rrogay(oylX(:JV -irT/e; XOL -LUOO.
To w:yit,wJll8ovowtO bLUAElCtLXQ. 'AfliQLaoa: uul;vyoe;1O'U
a,uLQa, Tomxou 'lyqLOvo, tjJLxovr),: lpixovJ.O !jJWI'IOV.
Paxt Raqqah) orOY EUtppOTq. AvciKTopo TOU Aapwv
(Harum ar-Rashid), rraTtpo TOU OTO tlTOe; TaU
(<I>WT. NTopa
Ta aKplTlKO Tpayouola (ana TT)
aKpa nou OlJVO-
po)anOTEAOUV TO naAOIan;pa
T)pWIKr']e; nOlT)OT)e;
nou Ilae; EX81 ow8dana Ta
xpaVla. H 88-
TWV Tpayouolwv
OTT) KOI,
KOTO KUPIO Aayo, TO no-
AEIlIKO KOTop8wllaTO TWV
aKplTWv, TWV <ppOUpwv
TWV aVOTOAIKWV ouvapwv
TOU KpOTOUe;,
OTT)V nEplOXr'] aVOllwa OTT)V
KannaoOKla KOI TOV nOTalla
EUpOTT). HaVaxalTlOT) TWV Apo-
6wv, KUplOU EX8pOU TOU
ana TOV 70 we; Tle; apxEe; TOU 110u aI.,
anOTEAOUO TO 6aOlKa IlEAT)llaTWV aKplTwv.
Ana TO IlEOa TOU 90u aI., onOTE TO
TT)V npoOl108Ela Yla TT)V aVaKOTOAT)L/JT) TWV aVOToAIKWV Eoawv nou
6pioKovTav uno apa6lKo EA8YXO, nAo80vTOI 01 npwTol 8pUAOI Yla Ta
KOTop8wIlaTa TWV nOAElllOTWV aUTwv Kl bOIEvae; 8EIlOTIKOe; KUKAOe;
yupwanaTOUe; aKplTEe; OlyO-OlYO va 1l0ponoldTal.
IlE Eva alvlYl..laTlKO OXOAIO TOU apXInlOKOnOU
KOioapdae; Apt8a (t935), r']oT) KQTO TOV 100 al. 01 naAayoVEe;, 01
Aa'iKoi paLjJwMi TT)e; EnOXrle;, OTa EOOT) TT)e; AUToKpOToplae;
... ciJ06.e; Tlvae; oUllnAooavTe; mi8T) m:pI8xouoae; EVo6C;wv 6vopwv
Ka( npae; a60AOV OOVT8e; Ka8' KOOTT)V oIKiav. aKplTlKO Tpa-
youola, Ta onoia olaoloovTOV 11' aUTO TOV napaOOOlaKO Tpono, TO
OTOIXdo TOU unEPUOlKOU Kal TO 10TOPlKO YEYOVaTa, OE OUVOUaol..l0
l..lE TOV npocpoplKO TOUe; xapaKTrlpa, auv8bouvEva
OUVOAO I1s uljJllM ouxva sUQl08lloia. Ar::, 0lll1S1W8si OTL Ta
nsplOOOTspa ana Ta Tpayouola 10IaiTspa KQI ow8ll-
Kav l1oa ana Tllv napoooOll I1XPl aril1spa, ouxva at:
napaMayr::, nou anxouv Olll1aVTLKa TOUr::" Ka8wr::, I1syaAwvsl
II anOOTaOll ana TO apXIKO aOlla' naVTWr::" Yla SAaXIOTa TpaYOUOla,
onwr::, AX TOU API10UPll, X0UI1S OTll l1ar::, KQI XSlpoypaa ana
Tll nsplooo. 0 npooplKOr::, TWV aOl1aTWV dval
al1owr::, OPOTOr::, KQl OTll yAwooa TOUr::" II onoia sivQlll OI1IAOUI1VIlTIlr::,
TOUr::" ouxvo I1s OlaASKTLKO O1Olxsia.
Kma TOV 100 at. TO nsploooTspa ana TO aKPI1lKa Tpayouola
sixav wr::, KUplO TOUr::, TOV BaolAslo AKplTll KQlTa unspu-
OlKO TOU KOTOp8wl1aTa. To sni8810 (ana ouo yi:VI'), sMllVIKO
KQl apa6lKo) anllXsi Ilia npaYl1aTLKOTTlTa OTIr::, TWV aKplTwv,
nOMoI ana TOUr::, onolour::, npoPXOVTOV ana I1lKTOUr::, sMllvoapa61-
KOUr::, yal1our::" l1aMov OTOUe, TOTS ouvoplaKOUr::, nAIl8u-
0110Ur::,. 2:TO TAll TOU 110u I1S apxr::, TOU 120u at. var::, ayvWOTOr::,
MYlor::, Tllr::, TO nOAuapl8110, KaTa TO QlVOI1Sva,
aal1aTlKO UAlKO nou KUKAOOPOUO Yla TOV BaolAlo TO 8nS-
Yla va nslTa OTIl ouv8SOll vor::, SKTTOI1VOU
SnlKOU nOillTLKOU pyou, I1s l1u8lOTOPlll1aTLKO aISpWI1-
vou OTOV To noilll1a, 10 onoio I1S Tll oSlpa TOU 0llI110UPYllOS
vav KalvoupYlO KUKAO aKpl1lKWV TpayouolwV, napl1slv OyVWOTO
wr::, TO 1875, onoT all 1100lSUTIlKS Yla npwTll opo. To apXIKo KElI1SVO
TOU pyou OSV XSI ow8d' dVQI YVWOTr::, napaMayr::, TOU
nouc, TOU Ot onoisr::, olaspouv TOUr::, as nOMa
Ollilda. 'ETm, II TIlC, Grattaferrata (AAllVOPpu8111lC,
nOAu KOVT6 OTll PWl1ll) as OKTW Myour::, Kal II yAwooa TIlr::,
nspIxsl a80va AOyla OTolxsia, svw sKsivll TOU EOKOplaA, oawr::,
6paxuTspll ana Tllv nporWOUI1VIl, SIVat ypal1l1vIl 0Tllv Ka80111AOU-
I1VIlTIlC, Kat ilia TOU
ana TIlv 'Ava po, nou XPovoAoysiTOI OTO TOr::, 1632 Kal 6pioK81Ql
m'lI1spa OTO 880oaAoviKllr::,.
o KUplOr::, TllC, TOU nour::, OTP81at yupw ana
TIlV npoowmKoTllTa KQI 10 nOASl1lKO KaTOp8wI1OTa TOU KSVTplKOU
xwpir::, naVTWr::, va Il TOU
o YQtlOC; TOU 1lE;T1I" ElJCOlzla (KOp1lTOU OipaTllYOU L'.ouKa), Ill10vol1a-
x[a TOu TTlV ana 10 mo 'YVWOTa snloooia TOU
II TOU avaKTopou TOU OTOV EupaTll
To nor::, TOU OSV anonVSl TO pWl.laAO TOU UOur::, Kal Tll
p80Kooa TWV aKpmKWV Tpayouolwv Tl nQlosia TOU ouyypaa
Olal1oPWo tva KlI1VO OTO onolo II AOyloouvIl, 0 napQlV81lKOe,
Kal 01 O1llV (Grattaferrata) I1SI-
wvouv KOTa nOAu TllV al1800TllTa TOU. Ana Tllv aMll nASUpa, OSV
nausl I1s TIlv napouola TOU va Tll Tllr::, 0llIlWOOUr::,
yAwooar::, OTllv VTXVIl nAov AOy01'XVla, onwr::, 8a av1 KaAuTpa
OTa XPovla nou 8' ..
Kai WOlX; 0 '1>rl,o;r:amwi!e; )larip,()E:V EX roD i';rJrou,
u;r:aOiv apapf:VOe; amoi! apa )lai r"v
rpavwe; dlTijJ.Of: Jrgoe; Epi
elXf: xai yiJ.p we; aJ.1/0We; ogp"v
xai a;raOiav /10V rpava de; ro uxovrapr v,
b rfi Xf:/iJi ro xparl//1a /10vOlI/10r aJrf:h:irr C'I.
0, avrupwYl/uav avrrxpve; xaOopwvr
r
;.
"AU/Jv piav, l/J,lo;r:amwiJ yit/o," pOU, roy E;riO!
'0 Ji: aiio'e; (JuuJ.o!JF;Vo; rr,v u;ra0'll' al'ar<:i'v(u,
rfi gaf3liPJ )lara roiJwl' EyO) ;rarauuw,
xai, d /1" ravrl/Y Erpv}.arn xaOoAou ro ar.ovrap,v,
UWOV ovx EPf:YE:V OaTOVv i" avrfi 7:0 ;raga;rav.
LJlyE:V"e; :'!.xpirl/e;, Grotln(cmlla)
VI 215226 (txb. J.
Kai iyJ.,jyopa EJr"lil/uE:V a;ro <ro> a},oyOl' tov
xai uVpyn ro u;raOirarl' rov xai uVvropa Exari(J,1"
)/ai WaTf: va .'Tagw TO uJTaOiv EX roi! /it'vlipoiJ r:T,1' f!il;av)
uJraOiay piay pi: EJwxEV d; TO XegouxourciplY
xai qrov 0 yigwv ilwaroe; xai ro atlpav rOll XaLVOV{J'IIOV
)/ai pOliaxov ro %parl/pal' <p"> aJrOpElvE; d, ro x4!'v'
rov uxouwgiou wa"iu/lara Drwav ip1r!!oa()iv IIOU.
Kai rOrE roy tIa}.l/uay: "<Jh;'oJra;r;rov, a)J'l/v piav!"
Kai ov" &'amli--;j!1/v ro tya poU
Japiv EmaroJrofJl/ua xai liibw rov {Ja(lfJial'
"ai dq piav Drcaav ra iipliara "ai aJro rti, ;'vo rov Xf:ii!ae;.
LJ'YCY1/q ;\%piTI/;' (nll.Q'J.llaylj axoguiA)
S 1244-1255 (",11. 1:t.
Lta rrugc.ma.vw urroorra.o,LLCltO ELVUl EpCpovtls tOGO 0 XOL'
vos m'Q'jvo.s TlOV ouo Jwgcl),,),aywv 000 XUl '1 on6(J1'aol\
rrou n; H JWQaA)"aYli TIl; Grottaferrala Olat1lQEl
l'oxu'Lrrtwi Y)"W()()LX1i ,Ul' uQzEni ),1';LO'1OLU, xw9K;
vo ZUL x080ga. onw;
o;<ovra()(v. aOlrioa (j./ 111 ;rugaw'llY.1i
.(v). A",iOnu, 11 y),oJOoa tl\; rragolJ.aY'ic TOU
Eoxogw.l, ElVC(L '1 Otl1V onoi
O.V uvaruyvUOVTUl Ol!!J.lOOll, OQlOP.f\'O ),0',111. Ol:OlXELO OJlWS
XUL cmo W :To),qllxo onafJiratv IU)lgo
onaOi (as urroyguPIlLOtEl 1\ lIJwxogLOTlZll
xma.)'T)ST) /rOL) , mwO(;a: o;raO,a. Xf:Qoo;<ovraQY: ,ulx9'1
a.oni,Ja, wu%io/wra: O[Juvo,aara, oa,uiv: J.i;'o, .'fIOTonoo6j:
OTUO()OX'O{}IV. gafJi5ia: xrVJ!l/IW liE TO QofJOi, QafJol.a
o KwvaraVTivo<; Olaq>Euyl OTTO TUIV
Apil8wv. MIKpoypaq>ia OTTO TOV Tau
fol. 113' b.
8ANALIOl: MAPKOnOYI\OI
153
o A' (10811118) npwToaTa-
TO TOU pyo
Tq KaTiJeUvaq, waT npaa'llaTa va OIaTU-
Ta, OT' 0 q
onoia Kup,apxqa aTa a
ciAo TOV 120 al. 0, Tqv EKKAqaia
TO 'llWTOOTt'llavO TOU, onou KpaTd
s,sMo Codex Valica-
nus Graecus 666, '1'. 2).
orllKovlaq KwvaTavTlvouno-
ano oc Xlpoypa'llo TOU
140u-150u 01. (XpavlKo TOU Robert de Clari). ITq ava-
tva TOU ana Tllv nAcupci
TOU KpaTiou KoAnou (napiol,
154
KA80MI,IOYMENH KAI fPA<l>OME EI
ATTIKIIMOI (110C;-120C; AJnNAI)
LH1V KOpOIO TaU 11 au at Tl [OPUOll voe; OVW1OTOU nVUpOTIKOU 10PUpo-
TOe; OTTlV KWV01OVTlVOUnOATl, TOU AYOPVOU nOVWIOTl1PIOU TOU Movo-
pOXOU, EVO OT08po OfIPio npoe; 10 KAOOlKO npOTuno
H TOO11 KOTlAWV1Ol OTTl OUVSXIO iT we; pOVlKOe; spwe; TTle;
opxo[oe; YPoppQTioe; iT KOI we; npoon0810 ov06[wOlle; TWV opxoiwv
AOYOTXVIKWV IOWV. To yvIKon:po KAlpo novTWe; uvoTlO Tl1 IAOAOyl-
Kr'j spuvo KOI TOV YKuKAonOlolopo. TTlv IKOVO TTle; KWVOTovTlVOUnOATlC;
we; KEVTpOU nOlo[Oe;, OTO ono[o ouppsouv VSOI ana TO ntpQTQ
Tl1e; OIKOUpVl1e; YIO va po811Tuoouv KOVTO O OVOpOOTOUe; OOOKOAOUe;,
onmunwvl pia POOTl TTle; 'Avvoe; nou OUVOE101 p Tl1 0100-
oKoAlo TOU IWOVVTl 11OAOU 01 VSOI nou OlljJOUOOV YlO pa8TlOll TPSXOV
TOU OOV TO KonaOI.
H OTIe; opxe; TOU OTTIKIOPOU (OTO PSrpo opwe; TWV AO-
YIWV TTle; Woxr'je;) olomOTWVTOl O Tple; ana TOUe; O11POVTIKOTPOUC;
ouyypoie; TOU 11 ou KOI TOU 120u ot.
o MIXOr'jA lVMoC; (1018-1078) ovop160Ao OTtK1Ol OTl1V
6181 OTPTl pOPWOl1 (ov0iX8Tl unOTOe; TWV IAOOO-
wv, UljJlOTo YIO TIe; ov8pWmOTIKSe; Qnou6Se;) KOI TO OUyypOI-
KO TOU SPyo, 101We; 11 Xpovoypaq;ia, OIKOIWe; OIKOIKi 8toTl
OTTlV AOYOTXV[O. H K080pOTTl1O KOI Tl OKp[610 OTl1
TOU onlKIOTIKOU AOYOU TOU p Ttl OPVOAOY[O KOl Tl1
OIVOTl11O 0TfJ OUv80l"j" 0 [010e; opIAi YIO Tl1V 110UTTl1O Tl1e; YAWOOOe;
TOU p OUYKOAUPIlEVO OUT080upoopo.
H KOPl1 TOU A' (1081-1118), 11 'Avvo Kopvl1vr'j (2 6K. 1083-
pSOO TaU 1153), 80 Ttl VnpmlPTlarl TTle; OTIe; 6081Se; Tl1e; AAl1-
VIKr'je; YAWOOOe; KOI Tl1e; nopOOOOTle; OKOPTl KOI p TTlV
TOU T[TAOU (npoovwe; KOTO TO )AIO<;), p TOV onolo 80
mypoljJ1 TO IOTOPlKO Tl1e; sPyo. LTO npoo[plO TaU sPYOU Tl1e; unPl1o-
VUTOl OTi iX anOUOOO1 TO AAl1VIKO ypOppOTO (<<TO ie;
OKPOV SQnOUOOKuTo), 1010[TpO TOV APlOTOTSATl KOI TOUe; nAOTWVlKOUe;
OIOAoyoue;, on OV iX napopAr'jO1 Tl1 KOI OTI OKOPTl iX
TO nvupo Tl1e; p Tl1 PASTl1 TWV P0811POTlKWV, Tl1e; OOTPOVO-
1l10e; KOI TTle; nopo Tie; WOTOOO, TO PWAIOTIKO TTle;
nvupo KOI TO YAWOOIKO TTle; 0l0811Tr'jP10 Tl1V 00r'jY1100V KOi OTl1
AOTIVIKWV KOI opwv, OTW KI OV TOUe; 8wpouo 60p60-
. pIOpOUe;. H OUVSHY] yAWOOO TTle; WITPrI1 plOV oxaAivw-
TilOUVTO;Tl, pc; Tl1VaOIOKplTTl 100Htl)WOTl TWV YKAiowv rl Tl1V OVOXrl
OTl1 KVOovwv OUVTOKTIKWV Tponwv. H povTloo YIO TO 0PXOlO-
npWse; TOU uOue; vim Tl1V KOSOPOTl1TO Tl1e; OKljJTle; Trlc;
o XwvlaTTle; (1155/7-1217), OOAOe; TaU wiOlle; AOYIOU
PTlTpOnOAITl1 A8TlvWV XWVIOTl1 (1138;-1222), OTTlV lOlo
TO TOU [VOl OKpWe; nOITlTlKO, TO uoe; TOU OUVWTPOIl-
pVO KOI nOllnwOe;. 0 NlKr'j TOe;, TOOO OTTl XpOV1Kry L'11r7yrWr7 TOU (sva
IOTOPIKO sPyo nou KOAUnT1 YYOVOTO ana TO 8avOTo TOU A' we;
TO 1206),000 KOl OTO unoAomo PTlTOPIKO KOI 8OAOYIKO sPyo, SX1 OIKrl
TOU ol08110ll ylO TOV onlKlopo. EmOIWK1 TO UljJTlAO uoe; OVoe; rIapl-
oaYOV1Oe; OTO oniKO TOU KOl mKO OTOlX[O KOt ontpou
nopKKA[VOV1Oe; OrIO Tl1V EivOl 0 TAUWloe;
Knpoownoe; Tl1e; AOYOTXVIKr'je; YVlOe; Tl1e; T10Xr'je; TWV KopVTlvwV, nou
AOTpljJ 000 KOPIO aMTl YVlO OTO TOV 'OPl1PO KOI nou E06TlO
PTl1V'AAW0l1Tou1204.
Ttr{!LJrraL b rfj fTlIVTjOEi(l. roufJLOV ro rou KC{Jara ovofla,
rouroTTgourgi/JETaL, nap'hi-
pOt, .."((u' xai[miEL 0 lOyo; ElVaL,
ovx fxwv airLav, TTgoal/yopiav wvrl]vXaLVoro-
IUL' ou yap 0[,iJ OflEVYiw;flOtXiirat xipam rwvxpoui-
rpwv EXX!!OVEt, oubi: auroi xipaatv iavrois
xaOo;r}it;ov(Jt, ov bwxl]pVnwrat, oirt
hi{Jot,rir: lCpOaa{HJ.aaOVat v, aU TTLrv}.a b-xPEfl-
fllll.vaL rofi flErWlCOV, ovxa}J.o rtrwvxC{Jaarpopwv&. roii
rpavC{Jofi i/)Lwfla 'OOcv lCana,Taat /)OXEL
ano!!oy, OlCOOEl'r, rofi yirovEY.
IpfJ,.Ms, nE(liroii rofi KqJarii,(I. 525
K. N. I:aOUl;),
'EXEi rQtrprEi ml/vXaOl7pEQtVOrl]W rou ro OVOIW roo
xEQaui' IWt rovroanootoErat0' jrou I] yvvo.[;w
rove; ano a}).ove; ayxw,taSErat. Kat,UOtaSEt xcinwe; 0J.o-
yoe; on ElVat JWQaAoyoe; xaOUJe; },oyOavn 'I atria nov
OLXQWJ.oyEi II] aT/paOLa "Ic; LlEV {3yo.sovv xEQaw
oaot ryovv amarl] avsvyo OVrE Ot LOWt aQ,uauirvovrat
axOnL/lWe; !' "EQam. LlEY xrvJClovvrw rove; aav
rQayLo., ovre EJCtriOevraL oQ/ll]w,a ,UE W XErpo.J,W
OlOv; aJJove;. LlEV Xi!FI<OV1' oro /lirwno rove; nG.f!alpoQl7
IlO1'La ovre EJCtGEtXVVovv "anow w),1] tGtorl]w Ol]},wn"f;
rwvxEQaocpoQwv I;wwv. ;[vvmwe;lpaiVEratEvrcJ,We;
Yl7lO wronovnQor;JJJe I] EJCtvo,/Or/ rou ovo/lalOe;.
III] nQaYflaI La lOU 0 4JEnoS EillXHQEL
ftc o.VO.q.ilQEC; onlY (JEulQla ;rEQtlOU )'0'YlXOV XaL
rou 0.).0'1,' Tl]e'lj'lIX'IS va. EWTjVEVO,'l TTjV ITQOAEV-
OTJ ITJS ).,:sTjS xEQa.rac;' To. novOEV EXOVV xEQaw ELVaL
STJAOtU.TCOWW, EVW ra xEQamjJoQa oElXvouv XcnavOiJOTJ,
aITocpo.LVnaL 0qJLAoaorpos.
To EafJfJarov TV{JO'ij.
xapff"fUi;LE, bVO'WE,ro,
xai Lkuu't.Jt1v ronflwt
uJra yt!.}(iY.IVflou.
AwaKO,IVllvllo 114,9 (E)(O. It leib).
XC(gn;: vaxaQfie; (we; EJtlCplO"'lflQ)
Dmz (iinoYE) EUWTTlXOC; ":'110; 'lQoawY.uni; (.'Tr;YWl'E,

Alvo; Oo).i 1];.[l0t17WO) IIvOoloyia, r. 1,1968.'188.
H Avva n((Qo:OEIEL EVa. aawino,nou
auv8w0an),o;),0.0;ytavaup.YliOEl Illv 'OU
Kopvllvou, 0OITOlOS XaTECYU','E orll 8QO.X1l yLa VCl
anorpU'YH ftLa (13 <!>E0Qo\JoQlou 1081) XQL
111JHgCl EnEotQf1llf OtTjv [JOAll. H AOYLa nQL-
'Yxlnwaa., warc,ao, 8EwQTjaE o:va'(XalO va OE
'YAwooa to
Piwv0 X{JOl'o. axaOExw xaiafin naflaaiJ-
pEt!(aiTTaparpipEt 7Cl:ina rab yo'ianxai fJuOovarpt1-
xawlConoL OlCOV flb oux loyov npaypara,
onov bE flEyakr. rE xai fll'r;fl% ;wi ra rE (i817J,a
rpuwv ;wra rflayrpMav ;wi ra rpavina
AM' 0 "IE 0 [uroflLa,i'.(ivfla Xt1(!TE[JWW-
rov yLVETW r(ii roii XPOl'OV xai i'url]aL rflonov
nva cii<aOExrovrourou xaira iv aiJr0YLvOflEl'a
;ravra, oTToaa VTTE[JEiJ.I]IpE, xai JrE[Jt(JrpLyyEt xai
ouxi{ibwltafJaLYaY fJuOove;.
i\vva KOfl"'1VJ1, :4k';Lliq, ngooLfLloV 0.3
(EXO. n.Leib).
oXQovoe; ;rov xvlaEt ai<Qarl]roe; Kat %tvfirat aOlaxona
naQaltEi!LSEtolarayEyovora Kat raxaranovriCEloro
00 rl]e; arpaI'Etae;, Xatraaar;p.aI'WnQaYllaw.xwraanov-
oaLa xwa';IO,UI'I].uoVEvra. Kat av,uepwva pE w hyo!, va
rov rQayt%ov notl7rr; cpigvEt aro cpwe; ra xi!v,upivo. xw
xQv{3Et raoJ.OlpavEQlJ. IUI'Enwe; Xat 0 J,oyoe; r'le; tarogLo;
ano{3aivEtnavu:rf,vQo IpQaY/la E1'a1'rW (lroQEv,ua rov):Qo-
YOV "atovyxgarcL"araxaTTowv rQono rl7v OQI"IU"r; gor;
rov. Kt wr'o},a ra aV/l{3al'w oro nEgaa/la rov Kat WV.l-
ora ana E"ElVa nov vnEQixovv 17 wrOQia av)).o,u{3o.VEt,
ovy"garci"atarptxrayxa},tasCl oO'a GEl' nQEnEl v' acpr;OEt
va ylWlQr;OOVI'oro n,e;J,r;0'le;.
H flAE1;uxe; (aE OEy.anEVTE EiVaL xo.raOTlXtTj ,LlE
AOyLEC; ftVI'llIc; ;WU JtQOEgxovrm y.ugWlS ano tOV '0[11100
(fIOVO" a.TIO rllY'!J.taoa EXOlJV E:lIUTJftav(Jt50 Xlllgl),IOUe;
LOl:OgLY.OlJ;, rou; xm rov; rQaYl;{OV;.
Iro ITQOXEL[1EVO XWQLO, cmo IO nQo04,l0, nou otilt,nm OE
OVO XEIQoyga<pa ITJ; nL1:0fL11S IOU EQYOU, arravtOrJv XQU-
rrtOflVlloif; ana r<YV HQOOOIO '(1<)1' '!aroglwv)
Xat toV ManutoU LO(POXAli (646-7).
BAI:IAH KAITAPOI
155
npaYlloTdac; TOU
1I0U BCVCTia, aTO TUllO'
VPo'l'cio TWV
;4.)J.' ij"i pOi ravgw1' a"avrw1' 6"o.)).I.(rrO" iji/i pOi "ai
rii,; igwrJTJr; {qia'pW "ai Yl'Voii "ai rpu.o.vOgwJror;.
pai PV"1/0p01' ipwwdw, anihor; rov rpOiypara, Ill'
f/lvXaywYfJlIOV aJraAi u"ignipan' Ill' M. xai
JrE(!fJtrvt:,auOw, !JJrO,,).iVC nil' xai
raiiro UOt ilITw uin{)qpa. [ .Jiyw UOi xai 15}..o:
rpt).(nlpljuopai xai avaa xai rpvlfi1jUELr;
iJiJIJcpa. iytiJ IIOi xai jjla lllglOvpat {Jovxo).w, xai {Jam-
kvuEir; rwv i." rfj wjo(lJ ravgwv aJro.vrwv [J
Nlxl]lpoQoS UMu.i.x1IS,flgQ'flJI1Vo.Upara, (J.307.
'Aa. Aomov xovTCi /J.OV, EaV wQworEQE ano oAom; rovr;
mVQovr;, aa va. axov/iJrljOELr; r1)1' EQwrw,uiv/l, ayCm1JOE Xi
iva avOQo.mlvo n},oo/w' Ga fiyciJ.w EQwn"o /lV'(1)O,UO, xw
(Jaw wu va TOV avwnOoJUOElq. AI' OaxQvow, na(1)yoQa
,UE fiE iva rQvrpEQo o"iQU1/JO AI' ()EA,iow a)'"a1io, Xaf11jJ.w-
OE 'i,uEQa ro Y.UpW.L oov, XI E)'W ()a ra naQw oa.v aqflocH
rpiAWV. [...1ea aov XaQilIw oAa ram04oxwQarpa, Oa flJto-
Qdr; va JllJymvoiQxwrn aVEl'nOOWrOr; xm va xaiQwm
E),WOEQOC; r1) I;wrj oov. ea oov xaQiaw o},a raxonoolCl. "m
ea (ivELC; arpiYr/1<; OAWV rOJv TavQwv TOV V1)OWV [...j
rVlf;ruq;g. L'>.1)ftOo8fvllS
ogl]rogoolMoxa),oc; BaOLAco'11S (120S m.)
oLl]ydrCllro /lu80 ITaOlcpuTI<;. To utpOC; rou xa.gaXr1)gL-
an6 lLC; gu8,mdc; rIll' TCgorlfl1)01) olllv
oVO,WOUY,11 XCtl r11V (nLSl].
o TOV OUTOKpciTopo KwvaTOVTivo (Kwv-
AyiaIO'l'io).
KA00MIAOYMENH KAI ,PA<llOMENEE
HrAnIIA THI PHTOPIKHI (110;-120; AlnNAI)
KaT' TOU nllAa 0
q>o[vIKae; oeplA VO 01061;1
PHTOPIKH OPArMATEIA
II T 0 I 010V AXIAASO QUO npQWo-
TH% JPMOrJNOT TOT
TO: VO PlllOPU1 KQl VO
TiUTi'foxtO -4"",.,
noAq.lQ ('lAl0e;, I 443: "I..lu-
pHTOI'lIl:HX rEXNIJI
8wv 1 1..l1..lVOI
I!tHrI:lIIS,
npllKTfipQ 1 Pywv). To
... ........ "I
.:. .i' .. .. ....
10SWOSe; l11e;
..oi..... .. .... om ..
'"
OPI010Kp0110e; 0' OASe; 1Ie;
.A 8 A 1C A'';lOT Tor nAPlor.
snoxe; 0 Qv8pwnoe;
If..; , ....., -.- .. .,.;,
'-....y" :.,."
lOU Aciyou KQl l11e; npQl;l1e;.
,.,.......
fi ..'""orc ....
wrICz (1IIIXAHAJ J[AI'Io.LR,
2TO KAOOIKQ XPOVIO 11 nop-
.....,.,..XomolJ.. Q..""""'" to"Y"C !O....
Pll0[0, 10 8q.lA10 111e; 011-
(d't... >1." ,;, ........ ..Ao
...... 1..l0Kp01[0e;, KQl 11
snoyysALo YIO lie; OUV010-
Tll1Se; l11e; nS180ue; sl;o-
1!.NRTIH'tIN. 17ft-
OepQAI(OV 0111 1110
owno(ouoo 8SOll 010 SK-
nQlOSU11KQ npoYP01l1..l010.
AKOllll KQl OTOV 010 I..lsTO-
ysvsOTSpO XPOVIQ 01 nOAlTIKe; Au8spise; epOAKIOUOVTQl, 01
TOU sMllV10I..l0U 6pioKOUV 8IlOTOYIQ voOKOVlOOUV Tllv uYAwnloTOUe;'
01 np6l;sle; onoyopUOVTQl, 01 OKSIjJSle; I..lnopouv vo W:vouv KPUI..lIlSVSe;,
01 AOYOI sn[naVl0e;lOU E:nIOTllTOU dVQlsASU8pol.
KQl 010 Bu(ovlIO 01 6v8pwnol Ilnops[va l..l11v 0IlOAOYOUv lL OKpl-
6we; OKnTOVTOI mOTSuouV, OAAQ nOVTWe; Pll10PSUOUV. KQl 010 ASYO-
I..lSVO TOU KWVOTOV1[VOU \. TOU MOVOIlOXOU (11oe; 01.) KOI
Oll1v 2xoM (120e; Ol.) TO SVOIOCjJSpOV YIO Til OIOOOKOA[O
Tlle; lVOI (WllPo EYXSIPLOIO YIO Tllv K010PlIOll lOU
TO Pyo TOU EPI..l0ySVll ono Tllv Topoo (20e; - 30e; Ol. I..l.X.), TO npo-
YUjJvao/lQm TOU Aep80vlou (40e; Ol. Il.X.)KOI 01 oOl1Yle; nououvtroooov
PllTOPOOI06oKOAOI, 8VlOT8 08 (6A. TO "<)JAUapOOTI-
XlOla" TOU IWOVVll -0 xapaKTllPIOflO<;
OTOV IPllYOPIO Koplv810). 1T\<; 11
081VOTllTO nou mlTUyxaVOTOV fl8 Til 1T] fl8yaAonpl':n8Ia,
Til OUvTOflia KQI <)JUOIKO TllV KQlTO TOU AOyOU.
KUPIOI 8KnpOOWnOI KaTO TOV 120 al. dVQI 0
NIKll<)JOPO<; (1115-1182) Kat 0 NIKll<)JOPO<; XpU006EPYll<;
(120<; -130<; al.). Ta 8Knalo8UTIKO dOll nou KaTO napooooll KaM18p-
youv dVQI 0 jJuSOC;, TO oU7YT)jJa (npaYflOT8UOll flEflOVWflEVOU
11 "XPc;[a, 11 8VO<; napalV81IKOU
aVSKOOTOU (mi napaodYflaTi 0 IOOKPOTll<; dnE on "01
nQloda<; c;[VQI aMO 01 Kapnoi KQI 11 YVW!JT), 11 avo-
TOU Tunou: "TO dVQI 11
ouvaflllTWV nOVTWV.
'AMa E[OI1 P'1TOPlKWV YUflvaOfloTwv dVQI 11
r}Sonolta, I1lj!UXOYPOlpia npoownou nou fl8 TllV
<)JPOOll "Tlva<; QV 8'(nOI AoyOU<; 6 08]va (Yla napo08lYfla: 11
Nlo611 OTOV V8KPO TO nQlolo Tll<;) , TO E:YKW!J10 Kal 0 ljJoyoC;,
f'o,EV WOTOOO, flOVO npoowmKOTllT8<;,
aAAO KQI <)JIMnova (TO 6001) KQI (TO OAOYO) KQI ouay8-
onw<; lllj!8lpa KQI lj!UMO<;.
l:Tllv K088 Tll<; Yla va
6lW8d 6a810 TOV '1 OUfl<)JOPO Til flovwoia,
80VaTo<; TOV 0 TOV Em8aAOfllO, 0 TOV
K,OK. M8YOAll ov811011 KQI 01
01 n8plypa<)JS<; 08 1l0UOflSVO KQI av8'lpo Myo flV'lfldwv,
npoownwv KQI XwpWV fl8 KonOla 6apUTllTO.
Kal 0'11 OIOaOKQAlQ Kat OT'lV '1 yAwooa T'1<;
dVQI KaTO KaVOVQ '1 Kupla XQPQKTllPIOTIKO
dVQI: a TO TopVEUfla TWV n8plOOWV Kat TWV pu8fllKWV
(clausulae)' 6, 01 OTllv QUToTandvwollTOU
(I) E:!Jf) W:TPIOTT)C;) KQI OTllv TOU npoo<)JwvOUflSvOU (r} of)
iVOOE,OTT)<;, oorpia, SwrplAia, K11.) y. '1 TWV KUp[WV OVOflO-
. TWV Kal YE;VIKOTEpa TWV OUYKEKplflVWV OTOIXdwv Y8ITOVIKO[ I\aoi
IJ.VtWOVC.UOVTOI fl8 apXQiK6TQlO OUOKQTOAllma OVOflQTa (a TWV ovo-
W'1TWV E:AAT)VlOjJOC;) , napa Tllv QPxaiKOTllTQ, WOTOOO, Tll<; yAWOOQ<;
01 08V QKaTOAllnTOl. AKofla Kal 0 analo8u-
dX8 an0811oauplo81 0PIOflsV8<; TumKE<; EK<)JPOOEI<; Kal ETaI
flnoPOUOE VQ flS08<; OKP8<; TOV KQI TO
onOUOQlOT8PO: va OUYKlVll8d Qno TllV n8p160M, XElPOVOfli8<; KQI
TOV flOUOlKO TOVO TOU AOyOU. IAwooa, loiw<; 010
OEV flOVO TQ MYlQ
o aUToKpOTopac; A' (1143-1180) KOII'l (nn;U-
yoC; TOU Mapia a TOU Xlpoyp6<pou Vaticanus
Graecus 1176, <p, 11
jeixrv},Ol JtEg! pi'!' rit ;rgoaOw. rpE,q, nvaqxai in:a,,-
povq oVVXaq n:l}o{3a}J.opEYO, TtEgi <oi:> ra ougai:a xai rit
oTtiaOw. tTEgO" axox}.qgWY r( acopan Xgciav,
on:OU1] v clvril.tg {v civ8pWICiy(] XElpi "ai imig paxwgioa,
iaTO/lW!O "ai uJtig {3i}.q "ai Toaain:q nq
io-/vq apa "ai oSl'rq, ro,q Ol'vlg,v, wq ,uovQV l'ijrrav
ia;(vav tmageirmv xui yii!f1VOV xai (J)J.a oaa ;TcgtiHov-
rat ;mgw!lfl., a,Ua "ai rav(!wy "ai "clIC(!WV xai /3ovfJa}i-
owv imlJE(Jpioaq clpvaaEiv "ai OtaTUgOV[iV oaolq
arc(JFIJ1,wrf.!}OV arov awparoq JrE;rVXVu)w, 'P},ouq oa-
ljl/Ni rfj ;.aX''!1 rll Oigpa nEJrVXaaral,
KwvlJt((vtIVO;
"Ex'P(!aalq Kvvqywiov yqIlIVIV", lJ. lS ([XO. t. Kuru),
2:ro ;rQoa(}w ,uieoe; tiX[ rQia ck,::cw)a Jrov JrQof3a},Jav
flTtQoora xOipTFQa xm /LVTFQU vuxw, JrQo, TO IdQo;,
oVQae; X(J( oro OTtio(}w dX[ aUo oc'xw},.o :100 Treoa feet ri-
rota ::CQ1wtpor IJW UfO acu/LO, 001] 0 avrixuQcl oro ::ciQI' xat.
liw1! oX),lleo metOD'OIEeO em,) /wxaiQtO. xC'-' o'; ;U[lI(l(10-
rQo 0.:]'0 IJO,/- Ka' rooo ,ut;,o.J,17 iJvva,l/17 Xl
"iXav W VVX'1, u)OTF OX' ,tlO"O .Tanta xm YEQavo va ixoo1!
ovva/-l1] va XUt oao cLUO _"Qlpa}),ovTU' ,UE
rpuQo., aUo. xm va TO OEgt/a xU! wVQW1! XOI
aYQ'wv YOVQOVYlillV %at {lov{3aJ..iiJwl' xu': 1'(( otaIQV;rovv
axofl.O XOI >eEl-va, oaW1! ro iJiQw: ;ove; iX(
JrteWOOUQO IWQa Extiva JWV ro MQJla rove; EX( xaJ..vipTFi
liE arpOovo rQixwfl.a.
ITO (l'lTOgIXO lOU ,'uflvaofw 0 KwvoT().vrlvoc; !v1ClvCIOOl,'IC;
(1130-1187) flLa xuvl1YfTLXll WlJ Ma-
VOU1j), A' KOIIVllvOU (1143-1180). To XUV1WnLXO '(EgCI1{l
TOU aUToxgo.wga ltEQlYQQtfC't(J.L fIE xaBl hmo,urgEla.
H yl,wao(). 'tOlJ Q'lwQa Ei.vm o.xQWC; ().(lXai'l;ulJoa, o.Ua
urragxouv Xat OQlOflEVOl (xai lJTrFQ itOY.c'l.(!ioae;
... xai iJTCi:Q ,BiJ.Il).
BALlA I 1<AITAPOl.:
157
LIT. BaoIA(iou, nTwxorrp6i5po/loC;, 1942.
EnYflilvwvhilpw6u..wvo,l.iJro rilvixxi.1JUiav,
1:0 x(JaIJopohvflOV xga1:oiJv"1'0 lIE(JOXOJITJfltvov,
'Eye/) M. r(Jcl.w a, ruvE(Jav 1I:ivw "aiX0(Jrai VW,
xat';(apavrixamavnflc'1'0 (/iyo,xaiaJfoOI'7/IJXw.
[.'OJ
'EavEl1r:w, "boTc1'01 JrEwiv(jlafa POV,
UYOVIlt "pi, JfOIJQ)(;i"'1'01' JrvlWva.
[... J
Z7]TW IJaJroVvlvva },ovOOJ, Jiyovv/lE' <<TO I;ipav.
royIPavaI'tU-OyovJrO}J.tixI,iavl;7]f7jIJW,
va vmiyw,va lOW rpiJ.cvpov,/"XpavI'll wawa(JiIJw
xaiva rpavw ci,1:QI'" ydrova,OftElflw"afJaM,(J1]"
'1'11' Jro(JwvgWflal'il;ovI!IVxaioV(iiJrEl;ovfliitqnjvovv,
xaitavpi}(HAW, biIJ:rora,xOJral;wl' li,ral'tvw.
nrwX0Jr(Joo(J0l'IXa, IV1325,144-5, 154-9
()(/).11.Eidcueier).
xQaoo{3o;tLV: nooor1Jw xQo.owv nov OVVOiiEVI: TO yEVjJ.o.
rOll'/WVo.xwv
vEQOXOJ'l'lflEVOV: aQa/iJ.},llfVO fJ, vQO
71:a.Qo.urix(J: a/dOOle;
JP.C1V: I;wroVEQa
waraC1efl;w: %oQOWVO;WI
Qwy.o.v(;(,:J: %).ElOa,UJT.G.Qwvw
%o71:oI;Ol: xo.J.aQwvw
To YEO O''(QOWlCi ralrl; mWVTa TQElS rpoQS elEVo' OE iiuo
),ESEIS. AVll1w8l01a ta Ol.JlAa rplUVljEVta HIt; AQXOlOt;
O1JXYO,EQO OJ.lwS mwiiloEl rp8o'/'YoUt; aAAWY
'YAWOOlOY, OitWS oro itCiQO'!W,/l',O mlEJ11i.La itQOE-
AEU011t; -fra" -iraoT' on1 ACST) :1[of pezza).To 1E),lXO -v
HOI' iiEutEQOXAl1WV OUiiETEQWY 'YLyEtOl OICty.QIW'.O OAWV
1WI' OUOEtEQWY' to(3Qlox01,!'" OXOllll Xrtl aE !lrQl10itOlJ iieY
01TW 0'10 tQt.COx).t.lO To QT)[I0tlXO
"':cit-h1!w. LblCllTC'Qfr
lOtJ./,mQitw. H "{l(xarai.lb'llOO rr).1101'VllY.ouT IV
EVEmclna -ouv (x(Jawiiv, Urouv) ouvvrragXEl I-IE tT)v
-oum (J.irOVOi) xm O.Orpo.AW; 'l tOu
nJitou "It VeWL ,'La [lnQlxOUt; XUQLlOS AO,/OU; OL EYEOtlDtE;
VEOU, j.le tOu tUitOU; WU
XOt t!]V wu-v-, rJJOtE va'YLvnOl 11 OLaxQLOl1 tWY
iiUo 8qLatWY: XOQwi-v-Ol (AQXOLO. XOQrciI;Ol),
x.ala toixo(JtalJo. Ot .1rQ08EOl ano xmi" va
O1JytaaaoVTCI.L fLE (ane rryv E%X},l!oio.v, EX rev
JTu!.wva) H iilcnaS11 ow cnJy8EW llQoaoLoQLatlXa dvOt
om,,1; xm OtT)V AQxola OWl' W nov
Elvm OUULaOtlXO "1 Enl8EtO itQO!]'YELWl cmo
toitQOOiilOQL1;oj.lEYO, it.X VEQOXOlr:l)P.EVOV.
KA00MIAOYMENH KAI rPAillOMENEl:
H AHMnAHI AOrOTEXNIA
HHN AYAH TON KOMNHNON
EAaXlCJT<; dVQl 01 mw<; YIO H!V yAwooa KOHl Tllv npw-
Kat TO IlYOAUTPO TIl<; l1PIOOOU
(600-1100 LTO 1100 OIlW<; TOU 120u al., ouyypaOVTQl
AOYOTxvIKa EPYO nou as B081l0 \l1\lOUVTOI KQl KOTOypa-
q>ouv TTlv TIl<; KwvoTavnvounoAIl<;.
To mo aVTmpoownuTIKo oiY\la TIl<; AoyoTxvia<; nou
ovamux8llK O1IlV TWV dVQl TEoopa oonpLKa
\lOTO, oUT0610YPOIKOU yvwCJTa \l TO ovolla nrwxonpo-
OPOlllKli, nou anooloovTQl OTOV Ka60poAOYO AoyoTxvll TOU 120u al.
8oowpo AV.Kat 11 yAwooo TOU pyou OSV dVQl
npOKITQl VTOUTOL<; yLO TTlv mo om:LKovLOIl TIl<; K061l-
o\lIAia<; OTIl BOOlAUOUOO. TIl<;
vll<; TIl<; onoTsAouV mlOIl<; 01 L:rixolypallllarlKoO MIXai}A roO
f},UKG (1159) -Kupiw<; sKdonou 0 OUYYPOEOe; \lIM as npwTo np60w-
no 6nou OVOEPL AO'iKe; Kat O vov
TO nopatVSTlKO Inavtac;.
To OUTa nAIlPooPOuv YlO ne; OMOY<; nou UnaTllll
yAwooa O OAO TO minoo. 01 OMOYEe; nou mouvE61l00v OTIlV npo-
opa oV OiVSlQl va mllPEooov Til oLap6pwClTj TIl<; KOt-
yAWOOO<;. 'Eva KQlVOUPYlO KaVt Tllv TOU, TO
r(, nou ovaAoya Til iTs IlXIlPO [dz], rt,iov, dT
0IlXo [Is], TOiKVO 'OTOV QUO as [io] OKOAou60uv
Tllv TO [0] KnimSL, YSviKU\lVO OTO
oPXaio unOKoplOTIKa as -IOV (n.x. KapBouvlOV > KapBouV1V). LTO
Ksl\lSVO nou 111011<;, YIO npWTIl q>opo, tva
nOAu OTIl No 11 OTVWOT) lOU [0]
as [u] (KOKKiov > KOUKiv). H (6a8ta> 6a8c:a) iVOL nplopL-
0IlEvll, VeD ov EXOUV OKO\l1l TO npOTOVIKa 0PXIKO
(iantpa> anspa).
158
H sSA1SI) OHI TOU ivat I)
vso KOTIWOp[O TWV OUTPOKAlTWV OUOE:TSPWV OE: -IV. Nso lvat KOl
I) KOTI)YOp[O nponOpOSUTOVWV m8STwv O -IK0C; (n.x. 6AaXIKOC;) OlnAO
010 0Pxolo 0SUTOVO (nx KprJTlKOC;).
01 OAAoyte; nOpOTT]pOUVTOI
010 H UKTlKrl SX[ ana VWpte; SOOVIOTl, I) VPYI)TlKrl
Xrl Kat TO GnOVlOTpO. H unOTOKTlKrl OV
SXl nAtov iSlKSe; TI)e; KOTOArlSIe; , OAAO looynat npop-
OTOlXio (va, ac;) rl OUVOSOIlOUe; W[OI)e; YlO
TT]V tKPOon TOU OOU 0 1l0VOAKTlKOe; TunOe; SXl SOO-
vlo8l rlOT] ana TOV 60 at., vw 0 nplpOO1IKOe; Ov SX1 KOV1 OKollT]
TT]V TOU. H OpVT]on lVOI ouvrl8we; OUK (Kat 0XI i5tv).
nopOTl)plTOI Kon010 066atOTI)TO 011) XPrlCJT] TWV PI)1l0TlKWV KO-
TOArlSWV LTO TPITO nAI)8uvTlKO TI)e; OplO11Krle; (Kat UnOTOKTlKrle;)
V01WTO I) KOTOAI)SI) -ouv OV Xl KTon[Ol vn;AWe; TI)V 0PXO[O
-OUOI Ana TI)V aMI) nAupo, ouonwoTonol[Tat 1l0POAOYlKO T]
SKPOCJT] TWV OVTl8sowv OLjJT]e; (aspect) 010 yupw ana TI)V
nopouo[o rl onouo[o voe; -v- 011) TOU PrlIlOTOe; (Ill) OUVOnTlKO /
OUVOnTlKO) OVTIOTOIXO: nx KP-V-W / Ktp-aoa, xoprai-v-w/ xOpT-aoa.
H KOTOOKUrl TWV poowv tVOI mo OVOAUTlKrl, xwpie; YKI6wTl-
OIlOue; OVOIlOTlKWV oUllnAT]pwIlOTWV OE: YVlKrl. 01 np08tole; 0PXI-
va ouvTaooovTOI 11 OlTlOTlKrl oVTi YlO YVlKrl.
To ASiAOYlO TWV sPywv TOU 120u 01. lVat nAouOlo wc;
npoc; TT]V nopoywYrl KOl TO aAM Kat O
OAAOYSC;. noM olOOOOIlSVO lVat TO auv8no, OTI)V nAlovoTT]TO
TOUC; npoaoloplOTIKO (n.x. oKOuprrpofwAaploorraaTOC;), OAM Kat
nopOWKTIKO (nx. UnOKQ}JlOo6pOKIOVl. H wiopoOT] TT]C; AOTIVlKr']C;
OTIC; KOTOMslC; -arius, -a/us, -icus, vw T] auvxr']c; warl
11 TOUe; 60pIOUe; Kat aVOTOAIKOUe; YITOVIKOUC; AOOUC;
ASIAOYlKO TT] yAwaoo.
Aoyo" a},rjliEw, ({!E{JE:rW a(Jxaio,'
'O.TOU CtEL apE{!LpVOV IjJlrtrjV, onou EW XO(JT(uJ/lb'o,
7roriovmOTWELV1jOTLXOV, lroTiou
'Eail ii" ionjx1j,d, povvivxaianopax{JaivriJaviI:;1/<;
xaipJhr1j<;(iJJ.ov"dllvovunEawEi<;TO xapivLv,
ovxErbE<;, oil"iV01jaEq, ovxfyvw<;TryV Jrlx(Jiav
&'evo<;rtlyavil:;crwxaiail xliv!jJil.a ovyvciJOEL,.
[. Jflo}).iJ. TOV [-tW wxaL(J1jTryv EXEVOV T01' yoviav
onuv Y{Juppara nOrETaUTO nwbivTOU.
"EXEL" ijhipou!naLbiv, ayov(JLv, jTaM1jxti{JLV
puh- a;(oLvivxai w "aipryTO Y{Jappari!lTJ<;.
ErixoL wi]MLXaryJ.rAuxii,116-122 Y,(l' 208-211
(tKO. E. Too),<ix'19.
6'l/lom<or;: Aaixo,
ivrQClva;w: xom
cUrEaw: Idaa
xCiv1jJil.a: ourEro ,J,a.;uaro,TO :rraQClpLxQO
EvxClLQT/rrj<;: EsunvOr;
H ayovQLJTQOEQXEtCtl alto 10 JtiBno
aWQor;, bmw ano VOs wq;wv,xou _yo avc''lUoOCL
om ouo cPWV11vW '-CPOl"O!lEVO lOlUl1E(lO oUVl18cS on1 NEa
EA),11vlX1l- xa.l 10U [0] Of [uJ. "'EV EXl
l:QOrrOrrUl.11GL 11 :TQocpoQcl OQLOllV(J)'V OTO
. onYllI.cxlO (axoLViov Xat 0Xl axolv{J.
To aQxai.o TOillXO Erri.QQ11)lU oJrov E;EJ.LOOE1at 011Ilaol.0),0-
ylxcl OE ax),lw ava.cpoQlx6: orrou > nov. To bU1EQOy.ALW
oubEnQCi OE 'LV iVat XL OW rrOA.I,a: !3ouyiv, xapivLv, nat-
6iv, ayouQLv, nuVtlxaQLl', axolviv. To JtiOlllla il;w ElVat
naouywYlXO oX' !lOVO orqv cpwv1l
YQo/ltJ.0ril;w), ana Xat 01'11100 JToA'lTl)"l (r'7yuvii;opw).
To 10[TO rrooowrro T01.1 i,.Ii Elvm, 01l111<; Y.OL ow
[[rwxo;rQoe)QoILLxa, [VI a.v,l Yla Eari- 0 1urros aUTOs :1:00-
EQXE1at (Uro 111" tv Evi) xat arrav1&' lib!] OTOV
<Poir3wva (75e) 101.1 [JJ.&'Twva [LO H]V XQ!]olllOnOL-
i10l TO ovx. To E[VOL n).ouolO Of vEU ouv8na,
JTx1jJuxonovr'irw.
Tov 120 01. E c,iooEl'OI OE 1110
KOlvwvia ITOU va K'l'paOTd. AVOTTTuoocTal CTOI
1'10 AoyoTc)(Via aUToBlOyp01pIKO n
XOpOKTI\pa alTo TOV Hartmann
Schedel, LiberChronicarum, 1493.
Ei\ENH KAPANTZOM
lllAAEKTOI KAI IlllOMATA
01 NEOEMHNIKEI 41AAEKTOI
oKapaYKIO\f), (pa/l/laTlKO, ana Tav AalKo A, Kupla-
(<l>wT, apxia Ap, rlaVlovvoU), nOAAoi ana
Tau 6aTpau aKOWV TO TomKO Tau<;
TlKa a a Nlovla<;), '!'PIKTO
ap6avlTlKo (BAIVKt-
KO,) lanavlKa (0 IaVTIA6i1VTa IavTlvt: a
E6paia<;), 0 o'!'IA va ival tva<;
YAwaolKo<; npwTta"
LYMBO/\IKH DAPAITALH <l>EJOITQN
flCl bLa),EXtL1<OU cp80yyolJ;, WlJ OITOWlJ; bEV uITaQXl
UVllm:OLXO YQai-lfLa ow aAlpaP11w, XQ110li-l0ITOLO\lV1al OtT\V
xmaYQacp11 TO)V XElflEVlUV W axo),OlJ8Cl rp80yyoOTWa (E),-
)'l1vlxa YQai-lfLaW fIE Elblxa <'lLw<QLtlXa Ol1flEla):
/] <'laou IJ (yaUlxo eh, aYYAlxo sh)
J <'laou (yaUlxo j)
rJ
ro baou ru eh)
;: UITEQWLXO A. (ayyAlXO/ OTT) ASl1 well)
X lJITEQWlXO A. ITOU ITA11CJlaSEL 10 f}
Kit t ;e, Jr, T, axoAolJ80uflEva arro <'laoEla Exrrvoll
Krx ITaXLa OlJQavlxa ><, y, X, xQ11TlxOV '[VITOlJ
a Ii (YEQf!GI'LXO Ii, iVliidehen)
o OXatW
l, v) 1/, El, Ot, Vl
f J 0 o.rrQoOOWQLO'tO cpWVT)EVTlXO;
cpEloyyo; ITOU ltQoEQxnat altO mE),11 ouvlSl101l
J.. V, K, X oUQaVlxa }, v, )I, y, XltOlJ rr(011),Gav aJI0 1:11V
(OLYllOTI) TOlJ c1TOVOlJ i ITOU W UXO),OlJ8El
b, d, g arroolboVHll 1:a aQQLVO. fJJr, vr, yx (yy), OWV
<'lEV EXOUV ITQoEQQlv(jJ01l
lJ! pS((J1JvblJOWOP+ IJ<'laov)
OL bla),EXloL XCli. W LbLWflClW EXOUV xm Ip80yyou, yLa IOU;
oltoiol': bEl' ultaQ/.ouv aVllowlxa YQaf4ww ow
10, L'111V xu.1:(I.','Qu.rp1), ),omov, 1:WV rlLaAEX'ny,IiJv XElflFvIJ)V
rl11),nfl'j ,', (e FiJ"l\'lxa
,U.E Etik'(l olClxQlTLXa 0TJi-lELa (Yla ltCiQaOlYfLa: 10 .r
bT)),WVl 1:0 lJ7tEQWlXO AltOlJ axovYl:aL OITW; 1:0 ayykl.o I
OTTI W;ll welf) EilE Xat IOU )"anvlxmJ a),.cpapr)'tou.
'EwL ),1.. W b, d, g a;\OOLOOVWL W ('-QQLva Wr, vr, J''' (yy).
Toi aV1lJ'[QoOWltEUEL lOU; rpOoyyou t, v, '7, fl, 04 VL
Llll" xawygarpli, wcnooo, lWV bLa),EOC1l/,WV XEl.llfvWV nou
ltaQallOrvtaJ ow xEcpaAata, OEV XQI104IOiWLQUVl:((l
TO (p80YYOOTJlla rraQa OE E)"aXLm:E mQIJtTliJ(Ju,f. H ltaOEx-
XALOll alto ll1v 01JV1i8ao OIpEihmL Of: Iluo
AO'!OU. 0 J1QW1:0; ElvOi on avayvw0111C;
aorpuAwC; 8a (J1JVaVtOVOE <'lUOXOALE; O'tllv
aITOxQulnoYQacp11O'l TWV 0 OEV1EQO AOYO Elvm
on ano W xelflcva aUla OE\' XOUV xa-
WYQo.rpEl i-lE POOll O1.rW 10 OVOl:11!J.a Kat (J1JVEltW; T) EX lWV
UO'tEQWV tOue OUOXEQcUEC;
UX0i-lT) XaL yLU TOV OLaAExlOAoyO.
H o<pOU 0PXlKa
nEploplOE, TEAIKa S061l0E EVTE-
AWe; ne; 0PxolEe; TOrHKte; OIOAE-
KTOUe;. 'OIlWe; IlE Tll OSlpa Tile;
0100rr60TllKE KOI OE ET1l-
IltpOUe; TOT1lKa 10IWIlOTO. LTIl
0160rroOT] OUVt60AOV,
KTOe; ana Til yAWOOl-
yEwypo<pIKOL KOI
IOTOPIKOi rrop6yovTE<; (010-
1l0P<PWOIl TOU E06<poue;, IlE-
nAll8uolJwv) 'ETOl
axrlllOTi081lKov 01 VEOAAllvIKSe; YEwypO<pIKSe; nopoAAoyse; Tlle; yAWO-
ooe;, nou rroYl(iJ8IlKOV, onwe; KOT6 TIlV nEpiooo orro TOV 100 we;
TOV 120 ot. n6VTwe; TO odYIJOTO nou txoullE npospxoVTOI orro rroAu
IJTOYEVSOTEpEe; EnoXSe;.
01 yEwypO<p1Kte; nopoAAoyt<; 1T]e; KOTOTaOOOVTOI OE
TpEle; KOTllyopiEe; 0, oloAEKTOl IlE Tllv KUplO OlllJooio TOU opou (Ol1AOOrl
YAWOOlKSe; 1l0pt<; IlE OIKO TOUe; <PWVOAOylKO, 1l0P<POAOYlKO KOI OUVTO-
KnKo OUOTll1l0 KOI rrAouOIo 10lwIlonKo YEyoVOe, rrou TIe; K081-
OT6 OUOVOllTE<; YIO TOV 1111 vTomo EAAllvoYAwooo) 6. Karaxpr/OTlKWC;
AEya/1EVEC; oloAEKTOI yAWOOIKSe, 1l0pSe; rrou IJE K6nolo npo-
an68Elo KOTOVOOUV OAOl 01 EAAllvOYAWOOOl) KOI y, IOIWfJara
TOT1lKte, rropoAAoyt<; Tile, yAWOOOe, nou 01 OIO<POpte, TOUe, ana TIlV
E[VQl IJIKpSe; KOI YlQ aUTO EUKOAO He, KOTOVOOUV OAOI 01
EAAllvayAWOOOl). LTllv npwTll KOTllyopio 11 11
TO EAAIlVIKa Tile; KorrrroooKLoe, KOI TO EAAllVIKa Tlle;
vonoe, ITOAioe;. LTll OEUTEPll KOTOTaOaOVTOl 11 KOI 11
Eow IlnopOUV va unoX80uv KOI 11 0IlIALO KOI 11 001l08poKLTlKIl
H TpiTll KOTllyoPLo nEPIAOIlBaVEI ne; UrrOAOlT1Ee; TOntKSe; nopoAAoyte;,
To 1913 01 KaTOIKOI TOU MEAEVIKOU KOI TO 1916 01 'EAAllve; TIl<;
AVOTOAIKrj<; PWIJUALo<; KOTS<PUyov OTO EAAIlVIKO soo<po<; KOI EYKOTOOTa-
8'lKOV OTIl MUKEoovio KOI o1T]v nEplOXr1 TIl<; i\6plooe;, 'OAOI TOU<; IJIAOU-
oov EAAIlVIK6. To 1922 sytVE 11 IJTOIKOLO TWV AVOTOAlK08pOKWV KOI
TWV MlKPOOlOTWV OTllv KOI OUTOl yKOToOT68IlKov KUp[We; OTIl
Bopslo EAA600, OAAa Kat OTIlV m:pl<pspsIO A8llvwv, nElpQlWe;, Bo/\ou
KOi HpoKAlou. 01 OlaAKTOI KOI TO IOIWIlOTO TWV rrpoo<puywv OUTWV
OAAOIW81lKOV Ils Tllv TOUe; IJS TO IOIWIJOTO KOI TIlV
Mna TO 1945 KOI Kupiwe; IJna Til OEKOT10 TOU '50, 01
TOrHKSe; rropoAAoyse; TIl<; yAWOOO<; unoxwPlloOV KOTa nOAu KOI OXEOOV
s061l00V H KUptaPXll0E rrovTOu, YEYOVOe, rrou o<pi-
Anal OTOUe; veoue; TponoUe; OypoTwv KOi OOTWV, OTIl yEvLKEuOIl TIl<;
nOlodo<; KCl OTllv c;nLopooll TWV lJeowv ET1lKOlVwvioe,.
I10AEKTlKa OTOlXdo O<POlloiwoE 11 yAWOOO OTllv unol8po, 011111-
OUPYWVTO<; 8101 aUTO nou
(YOAAlKa grec regional). 'HOll nplv orra TO 1940 TO OpBOVlTIKO,
rrou IJIAIOUVTOV OE rrEpIOXS<; TIl<; BOlWTLOe;, KOPIV8lo<; KOI OF;
VIlOia TOU ApyOOOpWVIKOU, KOI orro KOlpa ixov OVOlllX8d IlE EAAllvlKO
OToIXELo, urroxwPlloOV IJrrpOOTO OTllV NEoEAAllvIKrl LTO IJSPIl
aUTO, EOOOV OEV umipxov EAAIlVlKa TOT1lK6 IOIWIlOTO, ET1lKPOTEi
188

OlaASK1lKa KSVa (VaAAlKa vide dialectal). OlaAS-

KTOe; Tl KOl sv
H psuva TaU SMTlVaWVOU xwpOU
0PXlOS ana Ta TaU 190U al. Kal we; atnATlPO-
Ople; Via 1le; VSOSAATlVIKC; OLaAK10Ue; Kal Ta nplv ana
10 TaU 190Ual. dVOl AaXlO1SC; KOl aXl aKplBde;we; npoe; TTl
EE,aipOTl ow anoTsAouV Tl KOl Tl
OIOAKTOC;. nou owoav vpamo an6 TOV 140 we; Ta
TaU 170uat.
01 TomKe; napaAAave; TTle; OIOlpouvTal KQ1a TOV
r. as OUO KUplSe; KOl OSUTSpsuouoa, aVaAOVa
TTl TWV WVTlVTWV. XOUV Ta ASVa-
VOIla IOIWllaw. LTVWOTl TWV OTOVWV e, 0o i, au aVTlOTOlxa, KOl
KffiWOJ1TWV cnovwv au as KOl i(os KOl 80'1)
Xouv Ta 66pw IOlwllaw. Ta nou
T'1 OTVW0'1 TTl OlVTlOJ1 TWV WV'1VTWV nou
'71l166pew.
MlaaMTl olaipOJ1TOU SAATlVaVAWOOOU xwpOU IJno-
pdva OTTlPlXTi OT'1V TOU Elvw /II.Toeivw nplAaIJBovITTlV
10Ku8Tlpa, TIe; KUKAOOe;. TTl X[o, TTlV IKap[a, T'1 Moeo.TTl LaIJO-
8pOK'1. 10 lIWOKOVTloa (IJ T'1 PaOo). TTlV A[Vlva, TO Mvapa.
T'1V KUIJ'1 KOlT'1V KOpUOTO 1Tle; Eu8o[ac;, TTlV nplvanaTO 1830,TTlV
Kunpo KOl TOV nOVTO (anou 8nIKpaTsl '1 vw: ivw). To 11 8nlKpa-
TdOTle; UnaAOLnSe; nsplOXe; (8A. TOV XOPTTl).
1JITaQXouv 011'1 XWQa /las ovo xEvTQa EITLOl:ll/loVL-
XYIS EQE1JVas TWV VEOE),A11vIXcJJV OW),fXTWV. To KEYrQO
G1JVTaSEWS TOU [OTOQLY.OV /\ESLltOV TllS A811vWV
OW8E"tEL TO /lOVaOLXo OTO iooS T01) Ota),EXTOAOYLXO aQXElo
(8.000.000 OE),Ti.a JtEQUr01J).To 6W),EXTOAOyLXO AQXElO OTO
T!Jll!Ja <PtAOAoylas r!..wOOOAO'llaS) "(01) OavEJU-
8woa),ovlxl1S aoxo!..L1aL flE HI flE),ETrJ rwvTOm-
XWV u'lLwflarwv T01J pOQELOd,AaOLxou XW(01) lWL OlaeET(
EVa ITAOUOW aQXlo (aveQWITWV1J/llwV xatTOITW-
V1!flLWV). l1avcws as on!lOVO oTrJv Enaoaov
ylvoV"tatavorll!-wnxaEvogyavE, lpeoyyoAoylxES oLa),ExTo-
),OyIXESEQE1JVES XaLonflOVOV 11 EUaoaOEV EXEL axoflaTOV
rAWOGLXO A.TAavca" TllS.
ITll fania /li.a 10mxa /lEIOvOnxll yAwooa Ilia
OW.AEXTOS fl'"toQEl va WlO1EAEOEL /la811,LLa
'Ita TO 101) yaA)",XOV AUXElO1J, TO YVW010
baccalaureat.
XOpTq,TWV vO,I,IqVIKWV .
00

A
__HTTpCJIV'1 mp'KAE"EI TOll') XWPOU')
papEIOll 'PWV'1EVT,O/lOU
_Jj , nEp'OX{S&TTOAEI') fJE '1p,paplo<pWV'1EVT10pa
_ np'OXI'<;TOU Ep"lT'1paTIKOU EiVTlJ (Ti;)
OIQAEKTO<; & npOTTOVTlow;J
I'.laAEKTIKa KEva
..!l. EM'1vay,\WOOE') KOITiOE<; T'1<; vaTHl<; IToMa')
1. EMljVl.',6T'1<; KaAappio') 2. EM'lVIKQT'1,) ATTollA"a')
[\;\'1vaY)'C'"0c'):rp,ox{<; Tll<; KcnmoooK"Ci')
(KCiTQ
189
.
.

NIKOMOl:KONTOl:onOY/\Ol:
-' 1'-. .... J
Mia npoana81o Via TOUAaXlaTOV
TWV
"n wgw/lou, wgw/lou ywvwPVl],
'riuoiJ 6 (Ja Wf(Ja(Jl.
'/leLyE:wrj!Jl/lomo aVW/lf:v(J1
'Er(Jfl "Iflroyiar' >Logaul.
'ilgrf{Jwiaga>La}Jjj, rid(Jal 'g/laj//lE:1'11
aYl!?a uovva :rfUaYfl,va TaXXWU1]
r(Jai XOl!aUI 'iut
yiixw Ya utmi!?Olmga.
"[2 0flOQ'P1], OjWQrprjj10U %oJrHla,
noao TO nQooOlno OOV ua.y>LQaol.
'Ewie;yVY1]Orjxaw (f:vWflEYOI)
a'txdVl]Try ymova"novl;oiioEe;orav1aovvavvnavTQ1].
TWQa novdaQL navrQflEV1] tywJrCLQo.Xo.AW
vanOavl]<5 anQW;aou>Lo.i va. rOy fla!/Jl]e;
warE, arpoiJ Mvai:nijQo. y.oQirm,
la7.W TrjV fMrLOCL vaaEna(JOl7.rjQo..
GianninoAprile,Calimerae;suo;trmldia,
Galalina1972,0.177.
nAPOIMIEL: AnOTHNKATQ ITAAIA
[(ayytO 'c; ra>Ligara TOiJ af!gaTlJ :raga 'c; romO,ua u-uou.
Ko.kllTEQCL ara %EQCLra rovCLQyaT1] [tocVQWOtO nClQa
aroODa! aovaro,uCL
Aevdpo, ribt(p-tpig-!?Et, boc;IOU /lifO J'{EJ..ba.
To Oi-VTQO [ol1),o/hl III oQ1J,"tO OEYl;QO] novOEY
:rcCLQaYEI ooe; rovflE TO :rcdbl 10].

EPQTIKO 2:AAENTINIKOTPAfOYc,I
'HJ.t.E /lOV va WJ mi, flELYO va I'lL
JrouoyE:I' wgla TOUl] JWU(JOl y>Lam;)
rjAIE Jrou oAo W%OU/lO uoun!?ani,
JlF/lOU, UC>LOUYWV IOul]ciVTC 1m);
Tuc0 ljJ./O /lOUJ'{E: /lOU >LaYE< VTgoJrli
!UtJq E,7J,iO'Jr!pi:vaW{!ta TO "nT/a
E'y rji./o ay",a7C1JPOV .TIW Ut: (pluujlir;fI
rueflEe;TEe; avreuav rjho.
'HiLEflOV.U1] tpuyEte;, ,udv va ow;
JloaoElV'OPO(}tpI7 aUTrjnoveyr UYU.7W
17}.. LE, ltOV 0'6},o TOll 'Xoa,U.O EOV
nt;,LlOV, G(J.jJ XL avnjEt/)f;'XO,LLtG.)"
KaL0ljlw:;,;!OV 'n: l'l"Qi.-ro,uat
roUT1J dvwOI!O(!tpOT(!l]ano,lIEva,ol.'fla
Eival 0 rj),we;, (lY'/;-(1]flOU, JlOV O O%La!;Cl
Xl ava/lwaone;alAEe;aavIjllOe; [Aaj.101EU;].
Bayaaae'l-MQYlavou,
Aaoygotpti<arOlvEAj,ql'OlvTl]e;KarOllra},fa"
Alhjva1989,0.423.
nOLl11l0 o.ito()l06flCVO (J'tOY Aoixo OitO
10 2:oAivTO, wv Koxa),ovY1o (it(tQWvVllLO TOU Vilo Anto-
nioTommasi,1850-1920).
190
1I1AAEKTOI KAI 11IIOMATA
KATnlTAAIKH KAI TIAKllNIKH'
S,UENTOCALABllI,\-SICILY
H YAWOOa we; oi]llpaO ouoYAWOOlKe; Vlloioe;
mil VOTlO I1OAia, Ilia KOVTO mllv nOAIl Reggio Tile; KaAa6piae; KQl Ilia
mllv Salento Tile; AnouAiae;. 2:Tllv npWTIl VllorOO TO MIlVIKO
10[wlla mil OUTPIl lVOl aKOlla 01 MIlVO<PWVOl,
oiyAWOOOl OAOI TOUe; KOl TpiYAwoooI (1lIAOUV Tllv OIOAKTO,
Tllv YAwooa KQl TTlv aVT[OTOlXIl vToma OIOAKTO),
O Aiye; XlA100e; oTolla, Kupiwe; IlAlKIWIlva. HOIOA-
KTOe; onOKaAl1OI ypiyoanaTOUe; vTomoUe; (greco, maITaAIKo: I) AAI)Vl-
Krj yAwooa) Kat grecanico ana 0PIOIlvOUe; yAwoooAoyoue; Ta t:AAI)VlKG
YOU Sa/enlo A!':yOV1Ol Kat YPKo-oaAVTivIKa.
ria TIlV npoAuOIl TWV IOIWlloTWV aUTwv Xouv 0laTunw8i OUO
8wpie;. 2:ull<Pwva 11 TllvnpwTIl npOKITQl Yla m6lwllaTa TTle; vTomae;
apxaiae; Ta onoiavloxu8llKavono'EMIlVe; noiKOUe; KaTO Til
H8011 unomllPIXTIlK OXI 1l0VOV ana'EMllve;
(A-X- 2:T. 2:T. KOI.\!WIlvOe;) aMo KOI ana TOV G_ Rohlfs, nou
a<plpwo OAOKAIlPIl Til TOU OTIl IlAT1l TWV MIlVIKWV Tile; KClTW
I1OAiae;. 2:ull<Pwva 11 Til OUTPIl, nou IlOVOV I1OAoi YAWO-
OOAOYOI, XOUIl m6lWllaTa YAWOOlKWV IOIWIlOTWV noiKWV
Tile; npIOOOU. nOVTWe; mil OIOAKTO anavTOUV
OWplKO OTOlXla, allopTupa OTO OWPIKO Tile; EMooae;.
haAAIlVlKO Tile; VOTlae; I1OAiae; XOUV mopOO1 6a8u1OTa 11 I1OAl-
YAwooa Kal 01 OIOAKTOi Tile; H vTunWOIl nou OIlIlIOuP-
yOUV OTOV 'EMilva aKpoanj TOUe; lVQl Illae; yAwooae; O 110-
AIKO OTolla, a<pou TO ap8pWTlKO OUOT11lla TWV 0IlIAIlTWV TOUe;, TO onolo
ouvnoynQl Kat 1l0P<P0AOYIKe; IOIOppu81l1e;, lVQl ITaAIKO. IlpOKITOI
ouvnwe; Yla Eva KpOr\lKo IOlwlla 11 6001), ITaAIKe;
Ke; npoolllsle; Kat ap8pWTlKe;
2:10 YKPKGVlKa 11 OUPOVWOI) TOU Knplv ana Ilnpo-
081a (, I), Ta omM oUIl<PwVO Tile; OlaTllPOUV1OI
KQl 0IlIlIOUPYOUVTOl va (A-X- pouBim < pBivBLOV), TO TAlKO -C; sa-
(0 aVTpa, 0KOOfJO), TO YnpopTatwe; yK IlnpomoanaTa a,
0, ou (YKW rpwyKw), TO A(A) npo<ppTOl we; ovompo<po d 11
Til IlUTIl Tile; YA.WOoae; YUPlOIlVIl npoe; Ta niow, AX podi: noAu), 01
apXOloTPOI ouvouaolloi -ia, E:O E:1lIVaV (Ko/Ma, nAto).
<1lUOIKO unopxouv KOl OIOOpE:e; ovollwa ma (OPXoloTpa
KQl OUVTTlPIlTlKOTpO) KOl TO 2:TTlV KOA06pia 'Ita nopOOIYIlO
TO KOI (jJ tYIVOV W(WUAO: WW)1i: (jJW}.li), mllvAnOUAio rpO (rpoi-
pW: arpOT]AOe;: (jJT]AOe;). To O -uwMyouvmllvAnouAio
O -iw(moTsw) KOl mllv KOA06pio O -iggouw(moTiggouw).
H
H Oll:lAKTOe; ivOlllllOVll OlOAKTOe; nou ov
npotpXTOl ono Tllv oMoonoTAi Tile; oPxoiae; L'lWpl-
Tile; /\oKwvioe; KOllllAtTOlwe; anaTOUe; KOTOi-
KOUe; Tile; ApKOoioe;, VW at KQl OPlO[ltvOl
vtOl tXOUV n0811TlKrl IlOVO YVWOll Tile;.
H OlOlpiTOl O OUO nL[Jtpoue; lOIW[JOTO, TO 60PlO
(XWplO KomOVlWO KOt KOl TO OuvTllPllnKOTpo vono. Mio
Tile; [llAlOTOV We; TO 1922 KOt OTO XWplO BonKo
KOl X060uwiTile; Tile; nponovTiooe; (VOTlOOunKO
Tile; ApToKlle;) 01 KOTOlKOi TOUe; YKoTOoTo811KOV [lTO TO 1922 010
Ltp6l0Tile; KOl Kupiwe; 010 XlOVOTO Tile; KomopIOe;.
EivOl on Ol OPOl TOOKWVIO, TOOKwvee;, WOKWV1KOe;
EivOl 0YVW010l OTllv OlOAKTO. Dv unoPXouv m[OJle; TPO-
YOUOlO onl OlOAKTO Ol TOOKWVe; TPOYOUOOUOOV 01llv
To np060AAOIlVO oov WOKWVOYAWOOO TPOYOUOlO ov
EivOl 611[lOTIKO.
mOKwvlKO OIOTllPiTOI TO OWPlKO 0 ()lon"): )1OrT]p), TO Unpo-
tPTOl we; OU IOU (0 (jJOUXa: T] (jJUXr7), TO TAIKO -e; Kniml OTllV
TOU 0POVlKOU (0 aVT: 0aproe;) KOl TO op8poT], TT]e;, TT]V
tXOUV Til a (0 OaTT] T] euyaripa), rap (rap OXpo: TT]e; axAa-
Olac:;), rav(ravAia: rT]vcAla). Ano miopoOJl npo<!Jovwe; Tile; AAllVI01I-
[l TO 6011811TlKO i)11 (d}.lOI) npl<!JpOOTlKOi
vmwTe; (i)11 ixou < d)11 txwv KOl 811AUKO i)11 ixa< d)11 txouoa)
KOI nopoTOnKoi (ilJo ixouKOI 811AUKO ilJoixa).
To WOKWVlKO Tile; nponovTiooe; tXOUV lJa OVTi ilJl (dlJal) KOl
010Ue; nplJpOOTIKOUe; xPOVOue; TO 6011811nKo [lnOiv1 lleTO Til
nx.ixw')10 OVTI i}.ll ixou(ixw). En[OJle; OIOTIlPOUV O [Jy6All
tKTOOll TOV Tuno Tile; TOU nOpOKI[ltvou O -KW (mo opxoio
MllVlKO -KWe;), nx. nOUAT]KW *nmOUAT]KWC:;), nKW (0 c;inwv I c;ipT]-
KWe;) tVOVTl TWV [lI1TpOnOAITlKWV mOKWVIKWV Tunwv nOuAT]Ti, nue
To (<l>WT. N.
TLAKQNIKOJ XAIPETILM01
Kaou(!EXO;'LarE (xoJtuiaarE):xaJ.dx; r;?cearE.
KaJtO(!Eia wi 'ZE"rE raE va Savaflo)aE:xaJ.6 OQa,uo va 'XEYE
xwvaflW;;avclQOEYE.
TLAKQNIKA AINlfMATA
Xihotf/'l.yiytOt a'tva(!am;wItxroi[pMn].
NiaraiaKwurwvarOov roizoutvtaf{!l'tal'it;a.
MiaedaK<uOTatva orove; roixov<;oEQwvir;EL [2:auga].
Ta flaX(!jiatXoYrroai; altOvaEXxaf/JtaruE, 0flU), um
xocpov, ra buov raXiaEvavrOar.
TaIWXQ<6. "OvrvvuvE, roXWVI xari{3rp<E, ,UVAOe;OEV "o{3EL,
raOVO TQia Eyll'av(fEgOC;).
TAONOMATATQN HMEPQ TID: EBl',Ol\llAl',AL
ITOBOPEJO MHTPODOMflKO Ic.lQMA
(X(J)(?,a. KaOrClVLWo. xat Li,mvo.)
LJevri(!a, Taira, Tivreva,JItqrra, !.'(l.flJta, Taov-
{Jaxa,
ADEi\O!IlATLAKQNATI-lL: J1POnONTIl',AL:
r.i yowai;,afI'rpul<a ry yVI'aiKa floVErpvYE,
ra t;vfla iv'<no u-"a/fJibl ry t,v,ury tivatawaKarpiot
raaiTO xa{Jyi ural'I<OWLa "atW JtatO!orryv"ov1'w.
AnOKPIATIKO TPAfOY6]
HU{JE JToriTO J.v;.;o JrEXOV[irl.go
raE 1J a)",Tuuvrava{Jl '1rfj
rcr;JtQUVT;
lIugEpai'TO ;';OWt O[iroVM!1'O
fla(!OU).a l'a rpvrrollEL
Il.l' TO povao;
pai'TO fJovvrt aaY7<[iturlavo
fIl ra rai(!arava
awnjaEt raraE{Jirr.;
TaE flavxoXW!iEi
ywaixcrovKou{Jivu
"aval cptvriJ.OI aXOVl'TOV
avrE
BQr;xc!;JtorE w /.V"O
nIl' a),w;ovvarpvlaEL
ne;Kone;;
noriTO YOVQOVVL "'lJwvQo
IWQovlwV(1 qlVUI,Ct
,UE ro IWVOOVOI;
BQli%c;noriTO POOl )'WiXOQO
I,e TO x,'Qara va
ap,jl'CIW I<EQl6.;
OvunodeO. ow;
i'vvail<ee; rovKovpDcA/1
vallOt oJtwc;
o;.ee;01 aUEe;.

o. 184.
NIKOMOL: KONTOL:.onOYAOL:
191
H OTOV novro,KtvrpO TOU
nOVTlOKOU (<l>WT. E8cpT).
TIAPOIMIEL nONTIQN
:4.xov),oVv oj. va iYOVvISEV, 0 JraXa}Jrv imI.VC(!EI/JCV XL
iJroixcvfJxa XaraMt.
oYVWOTIXO, wOJrou va 0lwJa$6,JravrQEVT'l-
"E"Ii"avEOi"anau3ui.
Tal'f:rE:l/JWlqrrvsav-amI',Xl kf.ivo<;[).e.;cv: b'.
TovaOU:lVTQono TOV irpwvav,'aE"eLVO<; HEye:{Jl2iXEL!.
TIANTPOJ\orHMATA ITHN KATITIMOKIA
Tm, I:iJJ.La Juyal.ovoao' ra rooa Jia., <IUlL E:ixO(fJri'd1
lROvov, ,Tf!E.T' va ra PhifoovjiL, Vii' vLUavarsiaovaL. TallE:
roiloJriralf;lVa xo(!ira'xooa, xaJo, (hio'IJsuv{Ii:/;41',
x'beef'r'XOlJiru'va ra 'V(!itj!ovptJral(!ipa<;. Na
rowKtiJara,va<;;'rtl:'l va,d'Cufirm rrlilvXO(}'1 oa,a(J.J:I r'
Jrall!ivdov.
IrryIW,'l(}'iya,uE)"uEyw.waav ranWOla,Ua" yiv1lxE E!xO-
omiVTE XI20YWV, nQinEL va TO JravrQf,/Jou,uE, va TO aeQa-
!301VlaaOVV. IrouraVE TO onin E'VW Eva XOQiroL 6,uoQrpo,
>w}.o, Wro,uioa[SOl Of siQE! (offJyij%E nOrE[sOIl,%l iXEivo
TO "Ol2irol va UJ YVl2i1/JOI,llE yU] TO YIO par;. NO. JrOUpE: oroI'
KWOTa, a, lCIi'l, ii,(va) :;rEi on ri{v "OQ7/ ao<; O[AEl ,)
[Javu},ry<; )'U] ro ywlOU.
e.n.
To yJ..WOOLJ',) i(jiwjia rif<;EiJJ'I<;' AOriva1968,CJ. 126.
aTO r,onpoKXlGap Ttl, (<l>WT.
NTopa To AOYKaola
oav (r.
aTo Kamraoo-
40KI/lC" T. 2, o. 85).
tlIAi\EKTOI KAI ItllOMATA
nONTIAKH KAI KAnnAllOKIKH
HOlOASKTOe; nou I1lAlOTQV OTOV nOVTO (as 800 OUVOAlKO nOASle;, xw-
pia KOl OlKl0I10Ue;) we; TO 1922nposPxsTOlonoTT'lV
nou OTIlV sixs lWVlKO UnOOTpWl1a. 'OI1WC; TO nOVTlaKO
osx81lKav nOlKlASe; smopaOSle; ano TOmKSC; yAwoose; (apxa[se; KOl
VSOTSpSe;) KallOlO[TSpO ano Tllv
HOlOASKTOe; OlO<!JSPSl nOAU ono Tllv SXSI ap-
npo<!Jopo, <!J8oyyoue; anaVlOUe;, 110P<!JOAoy[anou lOlOTU-
na OUVTOKTlKO <!JOlVOI1SVO (nou nOMa o<!JsiAovTOl OTllv sni-
OPOOll) KOl nOMse; lOIWI1QT1KSC; (I1SplKSe; apxaIKoTspse;, onwe;: f:yKE:V:
f:rpE:pE:, rroiaov: KQVE:, T' E:j..Iov: 10OlKO j..IOU, Ko),J,iov: KoAuTE:pO), oMaKal
TOUpKlKSe; IlaTOUe; Myoue;OUTOUC; Il dVOlOKQTaVOIl-
Til YlO TOUe; I1Il nOVTlOUe;, npaYl10nou olvsl as YAwoOlKa OKWI1110-
TO (A-X- AOUTT]OE:<; 01 nOVTlOI, onoTllvOVTwvul1laoou1o<;: QUTO<;).
2:Toue; 11810 TO 1922 nOVTlOKOUe; OlKl0I10Ue; (BapsLO EMCtOo, ns-
A81lvWV - nSlpOlWe;) Il aril1spa va sm6lwosl
OE nEiollo TWV KOlpWV. To IlSMOV EivOl OOIlAO, oMO Ol nOVTlOI EtVat
tva EAAIlVIKO <\JUAO 1l0XIlTlKO, nou oL08sTEl
To nOVTloKO OIOlPOUVTOI OE TPW; IlEyoAEe; OloAEKTlKSe; OIlOOEe;
(OlVOUVTloKO, XOMlWTlKO) Kol OMEe; IllKpOTEpEe;,
onwe; TO KOPOAIOlKO (Tile; Kope; TaU KOUKOOOU) Kat TO
nOVTlOKO Tile; BOpEIOe; Tile; GOAOOOOe; OlIlV OUKpOV10,
onou KOl YPOOVToV OE EvonOlllllsVIl IlE BOOIl TO XoAOIWTlKa,
IlE OTOlXEta Tile; KOl Tile; MYloe; KOl PWOIKO, IlE
TpononOlllllSvO EMIlVlKO M<\JoBIlTO (u aVTi OU, e; aVTi a). 11
OIOTIlPEITOI aVEnIlPsaoTIl ana TTlV OTO
OTOllo lloUOoUAIlOVWV novTlwv Olav 'O<\J1l KOl Olllv TOvYlo.
MEPIKO ana TO xapaKTIlPlOTlKO Tile; EtVOl: Ol
TEe; -ia,-eo (ra rIaloia, '7 rf!wt.ea), 11 -ov (ovTi -0<;)
OE vop8po OpOEVIKO (0 avBpwTToV), 81lAUKO OE -eaoa (opoveaoa),
unoKoplOlIKO OE -OTTOV (AoAoTTOV: wvouAa, Kopraonov: KOp!raaK!),
TO EPWTlllloTlKO VTO (vro BtAT<; Ka! VTO yupdJ<;;), K! (ana TO oPxoio
IWV1KO OUK!) OVTl OeV: KI ETTOPW: OEV }.1nopW, 11 npo<\Jopo TOU T) OOV E,
OV KOl 0Xl nOVTOT (0 IU1VVE<;, T) VUE), TO op8po Tl (rou, T'7<;, TOV),
aov, a'7v, ao, ao (mov, aTT)V, aro, mal.
LTllv OIO,\KTO TO loiWIlO Illoe; 01l600e;
XWplWV VOTlOOUTlKWe; Tile; KOlOOpEloe; Kat TO
Konwc; OIO<\J0PTlKO ana aUTO 10lWil0
TWV <llopoowv Kol TWV yupw OlKI-
0IlWV, nou BploKOVTol VOTlOoVO-
TOAlKWe; TIl<; KOlOOpElOe;. EAAIlVlKO
11 SVTOVO OIOAEKTlKO XPWIlO I1IAOUOOV
Kat 010 XWplO LiAAIl, BOPE100UTlKO TOU
IKOViou. To KonnoooKIKO nOAu I1E
TO nOVTloKO (AX TO OTOVO T) npo<\JspETOl oov E). METa TTl IlETolKwio
TaU 1922 Ta KonnooOK1KO OIYO-OIYO soBIlOOV.
LTO KonnaooKlKo X081lKE TO ysvoe; TWV OV0l10TWV, nploplOTIlKE
noM 11 TaU op8pou (nou E1XE mo 110VO OUO TunoUe;: do YlO
OAEe; Tle; mwole; EVIKOU KOl TWV TplWV yEvwv, daYla OAe; Tle; mwoEle;
nAIl8uVTlKOU KOl TWV TplWV yEVWV), 11 OEIPO TWV opwv Olllv
npOTQOTJ, a OXllIlQTlOIlOe; TWV nap08ETIKtlJVEK10UPK10P1K8. KG! OTle;
TpEle; YAWOOIKSe; VlloloEe; onovTouv lOloTunol PlllloTlKoi OXlllloTlOIlOl
TTr7YOlVO, ytAova: yc:Aouao, }.1nOpKa: }.1nopouao,
dOIO}.1WTC:: doapE). MEpIKe; <popse; TOUpKIKe; EVIOXU-
ouv TIe; EAAIlV1KSe; O PIlIlOTlKOUe; TunoUe;: C:PxOj.1amE.
'Onwe; OTOV nOVTO, STal Kat OTIlV KonnoooKlo, unOPXEl TO oVOlXTO E
KOl TO opepo aTOV, aTT)V, ara npospOVTOl aov, aT)v, aa.
rrONTIAKO EPQTIKO TPArOYLlI
EiT'braivapaJ.ii-prJ.lii'
db'o(!prJ.vii'xaiAtpa.lJii
xaiaiJ.L{Jabi'J n;v tix(!av
EarEXEV lJcvr(!ivxaiJLi:';a'
pi rpopTwpbov,
"EffJ,waa'va ffai(!wliya
x'qo),aarEV' AEjIOvap',
-it1.,AEpOvap',flax, AEpovap',
VTO xo),iiaxwat-,'AEpovap';
"A v traax{j)(Ja ';(Aa(JOJrOl!, /I
VIi XAE(!OfJfaL TO Xf(!OffOp"!
KL' av[papavarpV})JJJfOV,,.
va papaivera!TO t[Jono p'"!
"AX, AEjJ.Ova p',[lax, /1fpOva p',
aU Oa lvwalT'ipOva",
1. oral' anao,llaXir;ow(3aaELC;2 [Iovva3. aTOV J,l-
(3aowv4. {3QtaxowvOiVTQO xw/-,aJ..Lara /-,eya),o 5. an),waa
6. Ov/-,wae 7. ywriOv/-,wvelr;8. 0.1' canaaa Eva x),aoaxl9. va
,ueiVEtnapa), VTa Ta XEQa.XIfJOU 10, rpv),),aQaXI 1I 1jJvxov-
),0.{lOV 12. wvOa yivEtr; {lOU (orrou TO XUlrLXO T'EllaI'D
avtL T' EfJOV).
=ullaVAU!fTl1 1I0pa ana TOV n6VTO (yOpw OTa 1900).
rrAPOIM1H TEL KArrnA60KJAI
Tou 'a 'ylJ.i"t.'"l/O"W, iv' ctT6c[vo 'Xao.
'0, n e' ayamjow,["dvoeivmxaAo.
Iie; HiEpyaMvdo '(PTaJ.pluov;'0il/mpopou.
- XaJJpou iiv awovdorpa9IXafJyalpil'o,
Dotor;aov "'11;'aJ.E TO ,uanaov; 0 aOEA",),,LtoV.
- Ii'auraeivmEUll {3yaA/dvo_
N 'I'aixaTO lJi'i[loElJbaabdy. ao;wvp-vt.
HyvvoiuaTO oLa.fJoAa TOl' c'pnoatorr)aTa.,uvo_
NIKOMOL. KONTOL.OnOYAOL.
193
ac IKupau (ASJiva, MouaEio

'0ncivvoqxavt Tr, xapa, () liayvo,;xavt ya/'o,
O).OV TOY XO(J/'O xti)(J Xl ohJVqroil,;iotxou,;rov,
.0rrravpauo OE:v xtikaE,'Ovti&p((!OJrotro.ov[.. J
'0Nlxoralitla'7ro)piipi; Tpia{JtJ.atna,
rr, Zir.va xaiTO Xawaxa, TO [!!'Ipo TO HeaP!.
Tp!,;/lE(l';xavEt7rokpo, T(liqpfg';xaiT{.Iti,;vVxu,;.
XIOv' hpwyav,XIOv' E:uvavxaiTr, ((!wua parn:ov(Jav [... ]
LTCl ouo ClJWarrOalWtCl (ro lIQono, '1 EVO<; aXQLrLxov
XaL TO OE1mQO, 'q EVO<; xAqmxou) ElVOl 11
rrQoTLflqCJ'1TOU OqfLOTl1WU rrOlqll1 aTq xm rraQa-
wxnxli EXqJQaCJq. To nQoCJoLOEl afJ.EOOl:l1W CJrov 1.0-
yo, lOwlTEQa OWV ElVOl OE EVEOTWW XQovo. To oUCJwaTlxo,
0 OTQEO<; X00i-l0e; lWV rrQCLYi-l0TWV (f. ArrooroAcli<Tl),
anolE),EL 10 OEDlQO OE OUXV01Tlw fJ.Qoe; TOU AO,!OU. 0
rrolTlll1e; roJl08ElEL TOV in medias res. HI.CJ1OQLa
)'[VElOl I:;wvwvo rrClQov OTO orro[o 1lE1XOUIlE: q TOU
YCtflOU, awaXQl1lxo, XaL Tl UITEQCtv8QwJl'1 ClV(IIlTQ110'1 rou
NI.X010CtQU !lE 10V E;(8QO, aw x),qmxo, JlCLQClCJWLVOV1Ol,
EX1UALo00V1alIlJlQ0CJ1Ct owflona flae;.
3
I 0L.. L.. C/7 \.c:; b.., L.. ...
>p' Ta 6/ ;-- I I I dE pa a
c...&..- ..
6TaVY U'O ,1.0" 6Tnv ---;,Aa 'YE"t"
1<.. L.. c- 1<-' 1"'-
,..., " \.-, 'L-"" 1# __.""JIo \,...,
yal u:.,o TQ ll"E' VO 0 0 0
:v.., "'---.,. '<C...- -- n
o 0, 0 ov/0

uwv '!STav
.... " --" -r>
... TO ij dpo : 1./.,,; opo
an6 XElpoypafjlO 16Jipwv.
.. "Av OflWe; J.l.' eVOLmpfQEl,rrQiv OJl' oACL, 11 xaUI1EQl] Jlol-
qCJ'1, 0Ev ElVCll 01%1l fJ.0u II alCtoq lOU ),EJlTEJtLAeJllOU
aQcoloxQa"CLaflou rroD avOloE xCllxoQmoE flE 100q yAuxu-
T'11O. 010V 'mo flCle;, xaLnoD 1WLWI:;E Cmo rroAD-IToAU 1jJq),o.
11 )'.X- la bTlJ.l.01l1.<1 lQCl/ouOla ElIE 10V 'Eewr6xf2tw.
'AllEVaVTlW;, 1<1 XElflEVCL a-tmi, xo.Owe; XCll 6MaxQuYloV-
Vqe;, fLOD l\wGClv JlCivw AAl1Vly.11 YQaqri] nOAD JlEQla-
oOlEQa aiTLJ nOAAOUe; OEoAoyoue; "ii, ).O/OTEYVLCt, ... "
r. LEqJQ11e;,
Movo),oyo<; nc(vw oTijv nOl'1a'1", LJOXl!tE<;, 1. A', a. 158.
218
AXTI6El: <DOTOI
TO AHMOTIKO TPArOY4I
To OrllJOTlKO TpaYOUOI ano-
TAd flPO<; TOU VTXVOU
Aa"lKou npoepoplKOU A6you
KOl W<; TTOlO dVOl aPPllKTa
oq.lvo fl 1llV l010pia Tll<;
yAwooa<;. 'Onw<;
KOl 01 aM<; flOPep<; Aa'iKou
npoepoplKOU A6you, TOl KOl
XI TI<; Hj<; 010
napASOv. KOl flO va II VVOl-
Ouyyvla TWV A-
Tpayouol KOi Tpa-
youow fl Tl<; aVTI0101X<;
Tpaywolov" Kal Tpaywow
TWV aUToKpOTOplKWV Xpo-
vwv epaivTOl va Sj.1AlWV1
TllV anOljJll OTl 01 AuplKoa-
epllYllflOT1K<; napaAoy<;
avayovTOl O1a Tpayouola nou ouvoowav TOU<; xopou<; TWV
flwv" Tll<; U01Pll<; aPXOlOTllTa<;. AMa KOi Ta llPWIKO Tpayouola Kd-
va fl Sfla TOV PWTO, Tllv KOi TO SavOTO epa[VTOI va XOUV
aflOll flflOll o;(Oll fl TO aVTl0101xa TWV Xpovwv.
H flaKpa aun'] nopda 010 Xpovo oV Xl OU01UXW<; OuvXla.
01 10TOPIK<; KOi KOlVWVlK<; nou mKp6Tlloav O1llv EMaoa
flTa TOV nOAflo Kavav va 01 OUMOYIK<; KOlVWVIK<;
KOllAWOl<; nou owoav nplxoflVO KOi AIToupy[a 010
0llflOTlKO Tpayouol, meppovTO<; TaL 6aSfllaia TO TAO<; Tll<; avana-
TaU OlaOIKao(a<;. H nOlllOll Sa dX [ow<; xaSd
OPlOTlKO, av KaTa TOV npaoflvo Olwva KOi TlC; apx<; TaU 200u oV
OllfllWVOTOV VTOVO volaeppov Yla Hlv KOi TllC;
To 0llflOTlKO Tpayouol KaSOplOTlKO pOAo TOOO OTllv m-
KPOTllOll TaU 0ll flOTlKlOflOU 000 KOl O1ll olaflopepwoll TllC;
YAwooac; TaU TOnou. H Cm04Jll TaU Fauriel (1824) OTl II yAwooa TWV
0llflOTlKWV Tpayouolwv lval Kal 0PlOflVll, flia Kal
/
(yoA'\l:<:a homogene) uno01llP(XTllK fl SPflll ana TOV LOAWflO, TOV
Po"lOll KOl TOU<; OllflOTIKI01C;, vw vTOva KUPIWC; ana
TOU<; KaSapoMyou<;, nou lOXupioTllKav OTl Ol lOlWflaTlK<; olaepopc;
avOlpouv Tll voTllTa TaU 0llflOTlKOU Tpayouolou Ynp Tll<;
VOTllTOC;, W01000, ouvfwopd 0Xl floVO TO KOlVO, O flYOAO 6aSflO,
YAWOOIKO lolwfla TWV 0llflOTlKWV TpaYOUOlWV (anOTAOfja Tll<; npl-
<Popo<; TOU<; ana Tono O Tono), aAAO KOl II vla[a flOp<poAoyia TOU<;
aKoflll KOi OTl<; nplnTWOEl<; nou TO TomKO loiwfla anOflaKpUVTOl Oll-
flaVTIKO ana TllV onwc; OUfl6a[VEI W; Tllv
KOl TTJ VnovTlaKfj.
'Eva ana Ta Kupla xapaKTllPlOTlKO TOU 0llfl0TtKOU nOlllTlKOU
A6you dVOI II TaU LE loopponll o;(OT) aUTO
6pioKT0l TO OUOla011KO, TO OUTPO ana TO SEflAla TTJ<; <ppaOT)C; " ,
KaTO Tll OlaTlJnWGTj TaU r. An0010AOKll, KOl aUTO OUfl6a[V1 OE aVTl-
SSCJll jlS H!V nOlllCJll onou Il ouxvOTIlW TOU OUOla01lKOU
slVQl nOAU jlsyaAuTsPIl ana SKslvllTOU LTIl nOlllCJll
Kuplapxsl Il KQl slVQl lOlalTspa ouxvoe; 0 sUSue; Aoyoe;, 0
OlaAoyoe; KQl Il Tile; aVTwvujliae; TOU npc;nou KQl
OSUTSpOU npoownou.
H Tile; nOIIlOT)e; anoTsAsl
jlopwpa Yla Tllv TIle; ouvSSCJll KQl OIQOooll. H ouvSSOT) jls
jlovooa Til eppoCJll KQl 0Xl Til onwe; Kal 010V npoepoplKO Myo, KQl
Il XPIlOljlOnOlllCJll oUyKSKpljlEVWV ,,8SjlOTWV", 0IlAaorl jllKPWV 600lKWV
OslXVSl TOUe; nsplOplOjlOUe; KQl Til OXlljl010no[IlCJll
TIle; YAwooae; nou OepslAOVTQl O1IlV Tile; ana
nOMOUe; 0lljllOUpYlKoue; epOpsle;. H yAwooa KaS[0101Ql EVa KOlVOXPIl-
010 OU01lljlO" EKeppaCJlle;, 010 onolo nOMEe; eppOOSle; YIVOVTQl 01S-
psownse;" TUnLKEe;" (AoyoTunol), olaTunwvouv jlS
OUVTOjllO KQl aKpl6sla Kalplo Yla TOV KOOjlO TOU 0lljlOnKOu
TpayouoloU. 'OAIl Il OXlljl010nOlllCJll OUTS naYlwvsl OUTS aopavo-
nOlsl TOV AOyO. AVTl8na, TOU npoooloSl Evav OUVajllOjlO,
KaBwe; 0 nou slval KOTOXOe; TIle; slVQl as
BEall va XPIlOljlOnOlsljls TO OtKO TOU npoowmKO Tpono TO SSjlanKO KQl
YAWOOIKO UAlKO.
'Eva aAAO OUOlWOSe; xapaKTIlPlonKo Tile; nOlilOIle;
slVQl on XPIlOljlOnOlSl jlSWepOpEe; KQl SlKOVSe; ana Til epuOIl, Yla va
OptOSl, jls Tpono avaAoylKo, Tllv KOlvwvla KQlTO aVTl8no. To xapa-
KTIlPlO1lKO aUTO OSV SIVQl oslyjla epUOloA01plae;, aMa anoppOla TOU
avaAOYlKOU" Tponou OKELjJIlC; TWV napaOOOlaKWV KOlVWVlWV, 0 ono[oe;
sm60MSl OjlOAoylse; aVOjlOa 01Tl epUOT) KQl TOV nOAlTlOjlO, npOKSljlE-
VOU va SPjlllVSUSsljlS aUTOV TOV OUyKSKpljlEVO KQl SlKOVlOTlKO Tpono
Il KQl 0 ovSpwnoe;. '..
hopo OE: lBoe; 01. MOUOE:io

... XOLQOflm va rraLQvovr;m yLa SEXLVllfw 1(1 (n'!flouxa
1QayouOLa, 8a '8E),0 af.lW;, arroLO; eilV xAE-
Cp-tLX1] yAOJaaa, va a11'lv ouoia 111; XL 0XL
an1 11]; ..."
Ema10A IO),WfLOU rrQo; rcWQYLO TEQwE11].
6.. IOAWf.l0;, 'AnaVTa, 1. 3, a. 254.
TO TPAfOYM TOY fIAKQBAKH
E' 8lo'w "00'fl0 ;amE(JLa, IJ'8J.o TOV "OIJj10 fjJ.lOq,
mfjvEf!Tjj1Tj ,ifVl1{Jaj1aVTTj Eva(Japu IJ"ovu/.,k
Mlita0ijJJ.o,XaOTjXE, j1ljva"ai,0rpEyyapt;
- N-oiJfJi6 ii;,lO, XaOTj"E, v-ov,5i"aiTO rpEyyapt,
TOV IJ;'OTWIJaV mfjv[Jgaj1aVT' ano;,aTw.
T{liaVTOUrpEXW ,ofJwxav, ,aTgia apafJ'- apa,5a'
ro 'va ,w nijpE;oJf!Epj1axaiT' iiJ,Xo j1EIJ' ani j1EIJ1],
TO Tgiro ,0rpapj1a"E(Jo ,ovnijgEIJTO ;'Erpah.
To mOj1a r' yt0j10UIJE, T' rlXEiJJ. rou 'Pap/La;'l,
;'t if yJiiJIJlJa r' rlTj,5ovolah'{ ;,ai;'EJ,aTjfJEi' xaiJi:Et:
- "TonovElIJTE naJJ.Tj;,agtaj10U, J.iya "taVTpEtWj1Eva;
IItlgn j10U TO ;'ErpaJ.J. j10V VIZ j1ifv ro napovviiJJ.ot.
AXQaLO nOQaOELYfW oQyaVliJCJ'l; 11]; a1lfLOu-
H ana Of.laOa
01JOLacrtLX<DV ..OV 8E!1cl1WV (XQ!O: Dpr ogo)"oyw
10ll A. Lord), ITOll a.navnDv,UL allxva a11]v Y-A.Ecpnx1l
)[.oi1]CJ'l, XWQlc; vu owvOL(nm uno 11 "E-
QLYQuq.L7.a" SEWnu, [.IE flW [Lauyu.lY'Y.l1 (l;<ovu,
IT,Oll .. f.,?E1U1 (pc f.llU :WL .U.LU 6001]) 011; aOXilIL<;
)(Ul{lIXE; CJlJvO'lxE;. 1Q031:0; f'f 10V o.LOLo
yennm 0 8avmo; EVa; t'IQMl 1]OuaaQW111 bPU0l11liJV
yEyovO,wv. AXO),OllOEl TO 1WV a.axomuv
EQwn1aEliJv. To all10 :'[QOO[III.O Uii.OAOllOEi.WL
aItolila aFlQa a)c!,wv at 01.0U:,; Enovr;UlI,t lILa
UXO),OllS[U: vu'(yEi,ia. 0", vaTOll TOll
E:vUV 1lln-lXO a1i-.x0 wmx,', TOU 1QonOll liE
TOV orroio OllVWWVETUL 0 TO ILOt4Jo 111; yi.waau;
10U vcxQou nou U1]oovo),uA.<l' lWQC<Y'(EALf; 10ll
llQWU aTOll; allv1QocpOll; COll, OL Jw.Qanu.vw OLll"!1]lw.uxe;
ftOva6c; ("SE[.IUW), xuSw; XOi 0 TQono; c/.q;OQci.; 1:0\.';,
un01EAouV EiTfL6t'1 uXQlfJw; allvuvHDVWl ;<m aE
ana x).i;cpnxa 1QUYOUOLU.
aTl<; xoptinplo<; (A. De La
Molraye, Voyages en Europe, enAsieet en Afrique, 1727).
XPYIOYM XATZHTAKH-KAlVOMENOY
219
TO rAOrrlKO ZHTHMA
rMIIIKOI APXAiIMOI KAI 4>IAOIOCSIKH ANANEfiIH
E "'OLlO:;E
(J'Y L! J<'H';E
A' K P 0 A' E n :E
K '\ T A'.PI..zTOTE'i\HN
e E 0 1.1> .& A 0 YI

I
l' .,:.. _ :-. ...;J , 'r" ,.t'....... .. .. ;";v.'.,:l.rr
rO.. 1f\1( 1'141T'/\ roy fI.'t"XJr.fll"'-'::0 01'1
rIC !: .: .. 1 lrllo
I KfPJOT
Y.I
KTnPlrn.[
T 0 O:!: n!'n TOY,
, of" ,-,"l',
... ...
- ";}l
xl,.,]'
,.
j i .. ,\:otl... \.c J .-..... U L I ......
e' ')"i"EilIOltt.
H TOU tpyou TOU 0. io060, rpu-
O!Kij, KOT' 1779

yla
TWV ::uAoYPO<l'ia 010 tpyolOU
AtW" fi,OTTOOOV Ti)v AOYIKi)vTOU'APIOTOTiAou" 'YTTojJvtjpora
Koi Zl/TliIJOTO, 1729
OiJlii:v ovrw roi,aVOpW1!'OI, rif1luvtv qiJ /Ina uW/luro,
(Jirp, a))' oiJli' f111),).01' lii: avay7.aiov ti;
(11, cpu,oao(pia roi,u ;.cail1/x{JOV voiJ/ltTEUXTJ-
xoa( 7.ai oJTwaouv tiq [l'VOWV tJ.(Joum >laJ.ou, WIJOJ.QyTJ-
rat. Eir;lJc cplAOfJOefia, i1!'i(JafJIv d'uoM,ianf1ia, ,jul
rijr;}.oyl;.cij,/lEOQ(iou lfIpouua, oi'rw,avay>laia, el r(O
alir(O /ltrP!O I.pIMuocpiav roi,/la()//ltwuI IliTf}elq()al
ocrrp >lai TIl;/It'UOr}ov trUlEc7.auro,Wf101{jljaa;.
"OrovXef{!IV xa!VIii" y)qOf1/!:l,o,,;bira eivaxrol.'ta JT{!O-
TIl,rpl.)ouol.pia;,,ii, rotalirl"/lc06clou liEf, ro
yf; I'UI' {l.0v EicraywytxWTEf!QV v/livC7.0'wOw;Oa irp' oaov
TO yE ayllpvaurol'Tli,vf1f;ripa;lIaraAI/I/JEW,xairo 7.arf;-
JUi'yov wpa,a,TaITci.
e. lJyooi!,/.()lIfir;AOY/.lNjV,0,3
(Exll.C. 'oira).
LtD n()ooil'wl' de; ;loYlx;'" a KoguOaAus JtQooygarpEL
0111 rpU,ooorpla Ou:m O'U\'l;ELVL (J111v
av8gWJClllV xm avayogEUEL (JE oQyavo ytC1 nlv
rrQooj)aOTJ [Jtt HI (vaXtogtC1 qJlAOao
'PlW;. Autll xma111 toullwV11 xmEJtElyouaa a.vc't-
tTJS xOtvwvia.S OtlS p.EQES WU. H cn:c't0l1 tOU
O'UVI.OtU t'1S EXXOOll[X UOTJS T(JJV a.SIWV Jtou 01!VOE-
[Wl rtE tl1 EJta.rFll rtE 1'1 Ouga8Ev
rrmoda.
040-
l'f.f, .'"r; I :/j
1&,"i.
\
.. ';1';;'\""'"
I
70
(
1
';').",..trt).l(#
rocotr,o.,
''"',Ir."J'f'!JHt', r' T'; AJrD
I'D ,,,lrtJtI',
G
)
nt tf,,,m'"
z



..
ill

\.,.;

Xnm'dJ\:''J
&tr.;C:.>-..t
dfik'ef'>"l.a.'

'., ,.,
Gl'U'Jo"Nwn,'l
(


,
"p;)"!,,,,, ,



i<a-ra .,
,
"1'0"'7'"#",
, N
r
:(1 at.' (11"ltUt,
...
nr""i".1,";/1;',\

,-.-"'I'd. . J . ,
T?
TO JliTa,llt'JT<'JJ""

Jur'".-;A",'J'.

f '
;.ror. WI#:'e-.;,'

, ',., -
\ '-'Cf' '''FtTJ/f'
X7n't'.'; 1
Jr:YN., ..../
..,
\),<':'-"1'0.,:
. !
r" ;,,,,,,,,,/,,,.,. I::
I
",. \
I"f"t!'
" IF/rfJ#'
r;
.
, rraIJt"';p/iCl",,
.\ ....
...,;I
H anoljJf) nou n60A 0 OTf)V LOTOpio Tile;
EAAf)VIKr)e; yAWOOOe; np06U1 OTl Ol OV VC:WCC;;e; Hle; nVSU;.JOTlKr)e;
KOI 01 IOOAOY1Ke; Tono8Tr)OIe; OUVOOVTOl
KOTO KOVOVa Tf) Xpr)Of) Tf)e; "!jJUOlKr)e; yAWOOOe;" r) TOU OnAOU
U!jJOUe;" Tf)e; EnOxr)e; KOTO Tf)V onoloOUVTAOUVTOl Ol OlOVOf)TlKOl ovo-
npooovOTOAlOI.lOI. HanOljJf) OUTr) l.JnPlX1 OTOlX[O ovoXPOV10IlOU,
EnlOr] np08aAAL npoe; npoyvOTpe; EnOxe; Tle; OIOl1aXe; TOU
YAWOOIKOU TOU 190u KOI TOU 0PXOIlVOU 200u ot. !:luo
napooiYlloTO nou lKOVOYPO!jJouv xapOKTf)pIOTlKa TO 6PlO TOU OVO-
aUTOU [VOI Ol npLnnlJOle; TOU 8SO!jJ[AOU KopuooAtwe;
KOI TOU NIKOAaou MOUpOKopoaTOU.
08.KOPUOOAUe; (1571-1646) YVVr)8f)K OTf)V A8r]vo. To OtKO-
YVIOKO TOU OVOllo r)TQV LKOpOOAOe;, oAAa 0 iOLOe; TO 11T6oA O
KOPUOOAUe; niTO AOYLOTpO. LnouoooOTO EJv\f)V1KO KOAAYIO TOU
Ayiou A8ovooiou OTf) (1600-1606). LTf)V nQi5080, 6nou
222
TSUOS uno TOV Cesare Cremonini, SYKOAnw81lKS HI
LAoooio. 0 oVTLnpoownsus tva pulla onoo-
0IlSUOIle; Tile; LAoooiac; ana TOV IlOOIWVIKO OpIOTOTS-
AIOIlO TaU 0wIJa AKlVa1fl (1224-1274) KOI OTIlIlSATIl TT]e;
loiwe; <!JlAOOOep[Oe; TaU APlOTOTO'1l IlS 6aoT] TO npWTOTuno
SAAIlV1Ka KlIlSVO. Tov IAOOOIKO aUTO ovonpOOOVOTOAIOIlO, nou
OpyOVIKa OUVOSOSIlVOe; TO OUIlOVIOTIKO TT]e; Avoyv-
vIlOIle;, 1lTepSPS a KOpUOOASUe; IlS Til OLOGOKGAIO TOU OTIlV
Til ZaKuv80, Tllv KSOAOVIQ KQL Loiwe; OTllv AKOOllllia
TT]e; KWVOTOVTLVOUnOAIle; uno TOV nOTplapXIl KUplAAO A' !\OUKOpl.
o KOpUOOASUe; YlVS a TaU OUOTIlIlOTLKOU IAOOOeplKOU
OTOXOOIlOU OTIl nQLolo KOI epUOlKO va sllnAoKl as
Ils Tllv EKKAT]O[O, nou slKovoypaepouVTOt XOPOKTIlPlOTLKa
ana Tllv KOT' TlOvaAIll)J1l loooo KOl TaU ana TIe; TaU
KMpou KQL TaU 1l0VOXLOIlOU, LTO OUYYPOLKO TaU pyo, nou, KTOe;
ana TO nspl E:mOTo).,IKWV TlJnwv (1625). onoTsAlTOI, OTO OUVOAO TaU
oxs06v, ana as TaU APlOTOTAT], a KOpUOOASUe;
XPIlOLllonOIS[ Tllv 0PXO[O yAWOOO, Tllv ono[a K081SpWVSl we; TO svos-
OSIYIlVO opyavo Tile; nOIOlOe;. npoe; TT]V
IlS TIlV anoia 80 apyon:po KOI a Euyvloe; BouAyople;,
OVTOpooov 01 OlO<jJWTLOTe; IwoT]noe; KOTOP-
A80vaolOe; lIJaAioae; Kat 0 AOOIlQVTLOe;
Tpio TTOPTO TaU GIWVO TOV KOpUOOAO, a NlK6Aaoe; Mou-
pOKopoaTOe; (1680-1730), OUOlOOTLKa a npcilToe; OUVSIOT]TOc; <jJopeoe;
TT]e; epl(,oooepiae; TWV NSWTpWV CfTllv nOlolo,
TLe; [OISe; YAWOOLKEe; onol)Jsle;. rlOe; TaU IlsyaAou TT]e;
1l0Vopx[0e; MOUpoKopoaTOu (1641-1709),
a onoioe; ov KOl YVWOTIle; TWV 8SWpLWV Tile; VSOTsPIle; KOL
nopIlSLVS niOTlilo TOUAQXLOTOV mOToe; OTllv nOpQoOOfl TaU
vOoPLOTOTSAlOIlOU, a NlKOAOOe; a npwTOe; 'EMllvoe; IlYSIlO-
voe; TT]e; MoM06[ae; (1709-1715) KOI Tile; BAOX(Oe; (1716-1730), syKOl-
Tal TOV OIWVO TWV <llOVOplWTWV OTLe; nopooouva6lSe;
XWpse;. 0 MoupoKop06Toe; TT]V yAWOOO YlO va
K$POOcl S'TS TIe; Hje; au fl60TlKr1e; KOI TT]e;
8swpioe; (1)e; XpllJ 1l0vapx[ae; (npi KaBT)KovTWV, 1722 KOI
apKTe; novsKOOOSLe;). lTs YLO va oLOTunwoL TO npoowmKa TOU
SVOLOPOVTO Yla Til VSOTSPT] eplAooo<jJio, To 0IlIlOVTlKOTSPO pyo
TaU lVOl TO rtJl).,oBE:oU nappya, onou Il 0pxo[o yAWOOO
onOTSAl TO nsp[6Allll0 1l10e; nsplpYSlOe; YlO
TOUe; nOAlTlOflOUe; TOOO Tile; 000 KQL Tile; L"-UOfle;. Eow onOTU-
nWVTOl a KOOllonoAlTlOIlOe; TOU ouyypoepo KOI Il TOU
Til VSOTSPIl <jJLAooo<jJio, TIlV anoia 8swpl OVWTSPIl ana
KiVIl TOU AploTOTAIl. 'ETOl svw TO YAWOOlKO VOUIlO nopallvl
OPXO'lKO KOI K080PlOIlvO ana TIe; oKaoTlIlo'(Ke; OUIl66ole; Illae;
napaooOlle;, OTO 10SOAOYlKO nsplsxollSVO TaU PYOU XSI
OUVTSAOTl a ovanpooaVOTOAIOIlOe; ana TOV VSOOPlOTOTSAIOIlO Tile;
nOloloe; npoe; TOV apxollsvO L"-la<jJwTloIlO. :' ,
npoownoypa<pio TaU MaupOKopMTOU a
<pia TaU J. G. Woltgang (1721). 0 MoUpOKopMTOC;,
npwToc; 810'
TWV NWTPWV", aHa TIC;
TaU o apxoio
'x,ivo bi I'0v(n TW v NE(J)rf{!(J)l' ovx brwvw, TU oicwl'i
:rr:ohl'lIv avwaX1J(!vxorar; iviovr; .'l:go; "'/" >lom;v Wlre!!(I.
n;I' rpV(Jtv, xai dr; rLT{!OU!pVJ.6v tlva
ayxil'ow\', ,Tf!Of/Jau1 !Tf(!/C(J.You i{!d"'//r; 1"61' i<lI7Jl'fiTmv
xai !l1r; i:rr:alvETar; yoiiv ubwrpo{!ovr; rwl' avOl!w,
:rr:(J)V iVf(!ydar;, xai 11IiJ.wT(l. rwl' Jl'OAlt[1J0fJV(J)v xai TOU
it;awiov yUVaLXElOV rpvJ.ou, :r:aUTIII1JXal71 PlIif;fIl0w xai
:rr:apauVgovrar; ,.j; rei XEl(!OV wr; ta iroAla Jra!R;lJyc/ul}al.
N. MIW!!O;("'!1I>Ul:o<;, ([>tJ.oOiov l1(i(!ll'ya, cr, no
(t.l<ti. J. Bnllchnrd),
Aerou e%.q;QuoH w Saul-Ia0l-u) wu YW 111 cpJ..ooOljJia nov
NeOllEQWv. :lOU EiXE xmu D1 YVWfI.'ll wu %.aTOpSWOEl va 1>,-
ElO<>UOEl ora v<>Ol-LUXa 111C; qnJuewc;'", a N. MauQoxoQOUlO;
loAj,J.a 1'0. <>LCI1<'llPUSH all XQ.L a 00q;0C; AQL01;QlEA11C;
0.1' <>uvmov vo. 80. YlVOWV F1'xnQLoT"lC;
TOUC;. f',f:Y ounu!;EI, OJO"tooo, va emy.Qlvu. O"tO avOJ-
lEQW XWQLO, OQLOfl.EVOUC; ,.IElusi, lWV NEliJlEPWV ylUTl, o:n:wC;
<>LWT10"tWVE\, EXOUV XljQUSEl rov rroi.l-lQ nQo; Dlv
1'111EQo. l'hv qnJOlV.
nALXAAH2: M. KITPOMHAIL.H2:
223
BouAYOptC; (1716-1806). XO"Koypoljlio orr6 TO 616Aio
TOU "oylxt) (1766) (AeJjvo,ApXcionpoowrroypaljllWV,KNE/EIE).
npO miwwv rOt}'apofi'll pil iWpIJti owa, Y-ai
TOV ).oyOlJ, ijxnv rOI'
:4.;';: ex rf!appanY-ii" "at rii, (J)).1'/' 'Eyxux)iov rwv
pa0'lpaTWv r(!lfJiir;, ixaviii, uuy,/ex{J0T17pEVOV, [... ] 'E,,-
UU()lilTEOl' apa Ttl J;ulJai'ari Ipl;'OUOq'EIV t.,.yayyE-Ubpeva
{JlfJ).J.(jti[lW, %ii, 'Ell.alio, f{JWvT;, w, oIbv T impv-opl-
vovr;, ii, avro, oulii rwv 1UlJ.W eariv
a:r:ovauOal.
ElJytvLO; 8oli/.Yeel;,
'Il AO)'LXTf ix 1Ta),atiiiv U "ai vewTfpwv ovv{JavwOdua,
Al\jliu1766.
T{!Elr; dva, Ot ).oyOl xll[liw" u;ro rwv o:r:oiwv ;rqoazOeir;
1T(Jot"glva ro a;r;'ofi'll vrpo, bro roD EJ},TJVlilOV, '0 :r:(!wr:or;
piv elvcu, lilon OmiXI,Ta :r{Jaypam ixriOev-
ral a;ri.oixwr;, 1T{Joa),{/.p{Jtiv! brimm'll, {} bdJTc{Jor; Iii,
blon fa1T[!aypara, i:x.reO!pCva u:r:,wixw" l'iVOVTaI v0'l-
ra xai aUTOl, TOr, pil a!jJapEvOl, 0 r!Jir.o,
Iii, lidm xa),ov IIval rdor;, on"ai Ot ")).IIVEr; aUroi va
ygarpwmv eLu :r:ept rWIl 'EmUT1'/PWv, drI<ui :r{Ji :r:[iay-
flir.rwlI IiUwv iv Tti rCT(Jlflfliv!/, iv rfi %OIvfi
aVTwv.
)WlflP:O;
fJw[iia Tjjr;rf.w)'{Jaq;iar;, nll""1 '1781.
'8 y2iiiaaa frpEVpf0'lXE Yla va xOIvo},oyoDpE rfjr;t,5fat,
fla, amflf.Tagl! I'a" xui )',,1 va xaraAafJaivoupl! p' cuxo-
lia l'l'ar; TOv 1i)J..JJv' auro lomov Iii yfl'f.Tal awartl. xai
O(JOa, Ii bi' ).al()upe if Ii. liiv axoDllE rij ylwaua Jrov x.ovp'
1<1 OJTOV 'uvvi/Oiaa,u: va ).a).()upf. r.ai v' axoup' a;rra
flly.!lara fla,' r:o {Hrolo 0-' /]liir; flV' /1 (Jwiiaina l'),w(J(J!l,
ani\' oJToia PJTOPOUpe P(; xaO' WXo),i.a xai XW(Jir; IT,,b/n
;r0).J.t) \'a b.rppaf;ovpe ,y, ibiat. IJa" xai l'axawlafJai-
\,ot/p'ii)Jova Wl ilall!/ TO allrO' d)J.uor; !ivIlXO).cuo/lllarf.
aPY-ITa y.ai ora liuo, oral' b'lJ,abr, :r:ou!'E' ij aXOIllJOUpe
vO'll/a p' i.vav aovI'7iOIUTOV T[iOJrO, :r:ov bo'1:X0V/l' l5t.

Llft)W OT' r, !,wpaixw ylwaaa (1783).
TO rAOIIIKO ZHTHMA
AKPAIOI APXAIITEI KAI KAGAPOAOrOI
at opxe; TOU AEyOr-tEVOU
YAWOOlKOU <TIT]
VEOTEPT] npsnEl va
<TIO TOU
180uot., 01QV 0EMT]Vlor-t0e;
vo ru\T]OlOoEl
<TIO nOAI1l<TIlKO WLTEUy-
r-t0TO TTje; i'luOlle; , oloppu8-
KQl
VTOe; YAWOOlKO opyovo
TWV nEplOTOOEWV,
lOU yAWOOLKOU
0 KEp-
Kupoioe; ooepoe; EUYVlOe;
BOUAYOpL<; (1716 -1806), 0
onolOe; oooue;
<jJLAOoO<jJOUVTEe; 8SAT]OOV,
OKOAou8wVTO<; TO nopo-
naAQlOTSpWV AOyl-
WV, onw<; TOU <l>poyKloKou LKOU<jJOU (1644-1697) KOL lOU HAlo MT]vlaTTj
(1669-1714), vo TT]V onMyAWoOO OTT] 01000KOA10 KOl
OTO 816A[0 TOUe;. HyAWOOO TT]<; OEV yLO TOV
BOUAyOpl va onoTUnwoEl r-tE KQl OKpi8ElO TO Ul/JT]AO
TT]<; <jJlAOOO<jJ[Oe;' OTT]V OVOYKT] r-tOVO Il yAWOoO TOU
nA6Twvo KOl TWV OAAWV opxolwv<jJu\ooo<jJWV 80 va aVTOnD-
Kpl8Ei r-tE WOpKEIO.
LTT]V lOW TOU OKPOlOU 6ps8T]KOV wlOlle;, r-tE
TO OIOOKnKO Kat OUyypO<jJlKO TOUe; spyo on<; Efv\T]VLKS<; KOLVOTT]TEe;
TT]e; AUOTpoouyyop[oe; Kat MOAo06AOXlO<;, 0 LT8<jJOVOe;
(nEp. 1770-1830),0NEO<jJU1O<; i'loUKO<; (nEp. 1762-1845)Kat 0
<l>wnooT]<; (1752-1805). a Kor-tr-tIlToe; OEX01QV onOE OAO TO
KG oUYYPOfjIlO1Q, Kat OTT] snpWEvanpOnfj01QlT]
0PXO(O yAWOOO Kat OXL T] 8ap80po<; KOt OKoMISPYT]TO<; KOt OKov6vL-
OTO<; oilGAEKTO<;", 'ar-tW<; YlO TT] OIOOoKQAlO oUV1OTOUoE
KOl 6L6AIO OTllv GnArl yAWoOO.
MaXT]TLKOTEPO<; 0 i'louKoe; nou TT]v
OIOOOKOAlO TT]e; "r-t0Tj<; ooou" KQl on r-tsoo
as EUAOYO XPOVO Kat SnEt1Q ono T] OVOOTOCJT1 TT]<;
0pXOlOe; yAwoooe; LTT]V 0r-tW<; TWV OPXWV TOU 0i'lOUKO<; OEV
an8<jJUYE TO M80e;, 6nwe; KOl MAOl,vaaV0r-tlYVUEI V8Ee; KQl <jJpo-
OSI<; TunoUe;, KOl <!>POOEL<; TT]e; opxo[a<; yAwoooe;
(jJaKapOVlO/10C;) a <l>W1l00T]e;, T8AO<;, OEXOTOV 6n 0 ypom6<; Myoe;,
o OE KOVOVlOTLK<; oPXs<;, EiVQl OVWTEpOe; TOU npO<jJopl-
KOU AOYOU, 0 onolOe; EiVQl EUOAWTOe; OE Ko8E napoflop<jJWOEl<;
KQl UnOKElfjEvIK8<; lOloTponlE<;: flOVO ov 0ypomoe; Aoyoe; on08Al/JEl
npo<; TO npOTunoTT]<; oPxolo<;yAWOOO<; (TO noYKOAov TOTE
fl6vo flnopdvo olaru\ooTEI oE opnoEpyaAdo Tile; OKljJTl<;.
224
L'>I0<P0PTIKO doov TO YAWOOIKO 01 'EMT)V<; AOYIOI (OIKOOI-
OOOKOAOI KOI KOST)YT)T<; OTI<; AKOO'lIJL<; loo[ou Kat BOUKoupOTLOU)
TT)<; MOA006AaxLOe;. 0 006pOUTOlWTT)e; IWOllnOe; (np. 1725-
1800). TOU BouAyopl, TOU ana TO lTaAIKO Tile;
TaU MoupaTopl (BvTLa 1761) KOl OTT) GE:wpia
TOU (BlVIl 1781), TT)V TOU npoe;
TT)V yAwooa, TO onAoOv UqJoe;, onwe; TO Ay, TOU onoLou
TIe; OpTe; aMO KQl TIe; AAdtjJle;. Ana TT) OlOpSwaq KQl
TOV lJnAOunOIJO IOU OnAOU uqJoue; 0 niOTw onlJnopou-
O va npoKutjJt yAwooa va OUYKPISd IJ ne; opnoTpe; upw-
na"lKe; yAWOOe;.
KQl Yla TOV (np. 1730-1807) TO
np06AIlIJa TT)e; npooqJopOTplle; nou 80
TOUO vav OpSOAOylOTlKO Tuna nQlodae;. H KOSOlJlAOUIJVT)
yAwooa npn vo OIOlJop<pwSd 101, WOT VO OVOA061 TO 60poe;
TT)e; nQlOdoe; , TT)V WqJAlO TOO rvoue;. H OPXOLO yAwooo
IJnopouo KQl npnE va OWOEI KOl nopaodYIJOTO
E:KqJPOOTIKOU nAouTOu OTIl yAwooo, OXl OlJwe; KQl va E:m60AE:l
OTT) yAwooo TIlV Tile; KUplOPXLO. TT) OlOaOKaALO TaU
unpoanLOTIlKav, apXlKO, Ol ouo 8c:aOOAOL lJaSIlTe; TaU, Ol
L'>T)IJT)Tplde; t!JlAlnn[OT)e; (1750-1832) KQl iPT)YOplOe; KwvOTa-
VTOe; (1758-1844), 01 onoLOl OIJWe; OPYOTPO, onwe; KQl 0 060KOAOe;
TOUe;, OTp6qJIlKOV npoe; OUVTIlPT)TIKOTEpE:e; OVTIMtjJEle;. npoe; OUVTIl-
pT)nKOTE:pE:e; avnMljJE:le; OTPEqJE:TQl KQl 0 NlKT)qJOpOe; 8E:OTOKlle;,
qJiAOe; KOt oUlJnOTplWTIle; TaU BouAyapl (1731-1800). we;
lEPOIJOVOXOe; Til OTOOlOOpOlJla TaU OTT)V KpKupa, a 8E:OTOKIle;
ST)KE: TT)V anAouon:pT) yAWOOO TOU MT)VlOTll, OpyOTE:pO OlJwe; IJE:Ta-
60M1 ne; onoljJE:le; TaU. LTO KUpWKOOpOJ1IOV (Moaxa 1796) KS811
TT)V TaU npoe; TT)V KaSopuouoo, onwe; OUTOe; npwTOe;
TT)V OVOIlOO, TT) nou,
K08we; dVQl anM KQl anoAAaYIJEVT)
ana KQl TaU alJOp-
qJWTOU nM80ue;, TllV
apxo[a yAwoaa.
(1752-1805). npoowno-
VPoljlio TOU n(l)rr
(1803) (ASlivo, Apxclo npoowrroypoljl'tllV,
KNEiEIE).
Ari y<l.!! "EM'1VU; oVtu;, 00; bti Jto)"u 'tOY tii; 'EU11-
VIXij; 1tluliiu; <rn0110V Uq.OOVUl;, exclv' dM-
'to.;, 00; 004/ 11 JtUt1110; MOUlJll bti 1I/,':OV
tOlJout\1ll!i1;ov to tliiv 'EJJ.rjvUlv yiVEt !tQomI9l't(tl v,J.i:o;.
NEO{jJlJto; !\O-UX<l;,
'ElftoroAai If(!O, nva, I:v ;TE{itOTaITEal
AiylVU 1835.
dta)XrbJI M)J)O!JY ovx at'm'rv br' aX{JtpE, rirv nov
If(!01faTO(!WV riJv I'liv piJ ll;ro 1favrwv i:vreJ.w,
xaTavoovflivrrv iva o;r(} Os(!aJUVUal mrwoo/lcv, romo
awo JUiJ.tv ,ii,axatahl'/Jia, ro VOU1J/Ul' a))..'
n)v I:v 'II ayog{i xai tv rai', T{!tMotq VICO riiJv
xvJaiwv ).aloVflE1'TTV. Aiin/ pEv yUr! bill t'tt am)
f/JOo(!a, r!!aVflara, xai ,a, JUl{!UTfVEl0cilTa:;
AigU" xai bt.a ra (i)).a ainii, EJ..am.iJpam IivDCmjbcLo,
tan ;r(!o, ;rauav flEV ITorpii, Jc(!aypauia. uvyy(!a<Pl/l"
J!(!O, TWI' Odon J.Oywv liu
afll?<(!VvOVUa riJv flcyaMJ7C{!6TUaV, xai taJwvofiua co
i51po" xai 7C{Jlxfi(}ovua tl.JI{,JtPii nov lv ariroi, 1'01/-
fltlrWV VtI{iUaUty (ill,/v U nva imr'l/jdJ0'lflL-v, xaOll!JEU-
ovaav ouov OLiJv ft, Onf(! tOTiv ouov ov>< b.1{i11l{JEi'
XIl,tl)''1!/J1V, ,my tfj, JvufloUl{iia, uacrwfla,wv, Jlai rff
'E).J''1viJI irYitovuav, anlovOTfRav Iii, xai toi', nOv 'D-
J.1jvwv Jw/ai ?<Ili fllxw(!"rov.
N1X1l{P':'QO; eEOrox11;,
Kv(!taxo(j!!Ofl/.O Y, T.l (MoO".(o. l790),
(1731-1800).
XOAKOYPo<pio on6 TO KUPIaKOfip6/l10V
Apxcio npoownoypalj>Il,Jv,
KNEiEIE).
rEQPrIOL: A XPIH060YAOY
225
aTTO TOV npWTO
'/uTopiu<; naAu, /luKio<; [...] TOU l'J.. <l>wwvou
1818). H Ipopxio TTOU IKOVOTTOI; 0 KOTOKOpU<jIO,
va, TO KOI TOU
6PXOVTO. n6vw an6 TOV AOVIO
0 aCTo<; KQI 01
8upOi TWV TO TIl, BAaxia<; KOI

Kai p' oMn ()Jwv i] XOtW] lJJrohl'Pt 0&1 va JT:gOTtpOUV
liJ)! aJT:ov pac; ra i)).'1VIXa JT:OV xai pi] W.wvrac; ra
XOlVWC;, ra Ooj!fjouvE xvgiwC; btxa flU-C;, [ . J,P'olav row'
oO{!/loc; MyoC; Oi).<;t va lJillOVpE .;t{!orip'lut UTa
lWV W.oiJp JJJ.OIl ... j. "Erst;;(' iflEic; uri] lJlXq pac; Jr(!mEl
va UlIVWXail'OVp' o{!Oa, ri] lJtxq pac; va '1{!arpol!p' OUOa, 0
iUTI va ri] y{!al(!ol!pE xai va ri] laJ.oiJpE pi ri]v [lJlll r'lC;
y{!appamtq. I' aimjl'/x Jr{!f.;Ut va ovyy{!af('Ol'p' hrlUTq-
pau; xai rixvatc;.

Aoyo" (Jfl!yViiJOI Oll\J'tov XU! rmiv)(01\111
ltuwu.'ywyiulOU [OVOl'",1j (JOIjJOC;, Q/llfIll1hl;,
Til. EV{!LOXOp1'a (178617),0'.195-6.
Kai p' oJ..ov 01'lOV 1/ XOlVi] VJT:OJ''11f!I, (J&l va JrgonpoVv
aJ).ol Wro f}piic; ra i)).,]VtXa OlTOV I<ai pi] Aalwvrac; fa
XOlVWC;, ra OaMoiJv xV(liwC; tlm'.!J. pa" [ .. j,p' 5J.U1' mum
o O(lOOC; JJr/oC; OiJ..n va lJibwpEV lTgoripJUlv dc; ra
OlTOV J.aJ.oiJpEV olot r... j. "ErSI ;tal f]pelC; dC; ri]v
ilJ"aJ v pac; JT:gbU:1 va UlIl'TVtaivwpw o!Oa, ri]v ilJlY.ljv
pac; va ygarpwflCl' O{!Oa, 0 tun va "iv Y(Japwl'fll Itai. va
niv J.aJ.<!iJpEV pi ri]v iOiav f'lC; y[!aplJanxi]I' (ij iic; elval
xai pi ri]v aipcrljl' r'lC;), Eie; avri]v 1f{Ji.m va uvYYflarplJ)-
p1' imurqpac; ;tai rE-tvac;.

To 'rv(olhaUl1Ti,v' (Ie ulQEn'1 y)"iiJ(I(TU (1796J,
Til EV{}UJxopCl'a, (I. 403.
L1LYflU 1:0U onl yf.wooa XC/.L
WI ,Ol) il\w1! xnptvo1! on]" H
toll dvC/.L 0 rro(j:vOc1"l
TOJ: o,:tJ1EQou XEIjJi'lou. iViw rrQ6-
XflQ11 <n!YXQLGl]1:WV lt01! EJtf({lQ 0
1:11V ,au K. G [ ... ]
OE Ei; y)"lt.), XWQU;
pc-rnQQullf!l<TT] Ga ),,y, xawiS on,
om"s )"iyo uQycnQu Em';01C/.LVE XU! 6KogurlS, 1tUgUf!f'VEL
rlcpEnWLa 11 Aof.OUflfVll y)"wooa xui"lE;u),oYli Eml\l.(UXH va
(1;,00,1:lto)",; arro y)"WOOlXli 1tQuY!-LCtTlX0111W roti
X((l{loti (G. v').
TO rAOl:l:IKO ZHTHMA
H nOAVrAnIIIA TnN C!)ANAPlnTnN
Ta yAwomKa i)BI') aTO <llavapl Tile; nOAI')e; KOI Tle; napaoouvo6tce; Hyf>
TI') MoMa6ia KOI Til SAaxla nspLOXEe; Tile;
VIKi)e; aUTOKpaTopiae;, Til OLO(KllOll TWV onoiwv Kmo
TOV 180 at. TI')e; Yl\JI')Ai)e; nUAlle;), aVTl-
<paTlKa. OL U<POAOYLKOl TponOl TOU (np0<poplKOU) LOLWTLKOU Biou
CtOXWpouv IlS ota<popSTlKi) EVTOOll aTa sntllEpOUe; SlOIl Tile;
sniKoLvwv[ae;: apKsl va TaaVaplWTlKa SpWTl-
Ka TllV aAAllAoypala nilv i)
TllV Ka8apsuouoa McA.E:rT) rf/e; KOIVf/e; 'EililT)V1Kf/e; owi\t;KrOU (1818)
TOU navaY1wTll KOOPLKO, onaoou Tile; TOU nmptapxslou Kal
orwaVTlKOTSPOU <llavap1wTll aVTtnMou TOU Kopai), TO npOOWnLKO
IlIlSPOAOytO TOU iOtOU, TIe; ET)llcpi6ce; (1780), ollllaVTlKi) nllyi) yta TO
TOU npoopLKOU Myou Tile; nOAlle;.
To pWTl')lla, aTO onolo KaAOUVlQl va anavTi)aouv Ot onou6ofol,
OL AOYIOI, TI')e; nposnaVaaTaTlKi)e; nploooU, aopa aTl')v snlAOyi) (KOI
Ka8lEpwOll) TOU uoue; TOU ypamou AOyOU nou 8a anoTsAEosl opya-
VO Tile; nOlOlae; TOU yEVOUe;. Ot anavTi)OIe; KaAumouv Eva upu a-
nou KTslvTOl ano aKpalSe; we; Til WVllTlKi)
anoTunwOll Tile; TllV TOU ypamou Myou
npoe; TllV OlltAOUIlVll yAwooa TWV <llavaplWTWV nLxiplloav, avallOa
as a,v,oue;, ouo opyavlKol TaU llYSIlOVIKOU nspl-
6aAAOVTOe;, 0 L'>.1l1li)Tploe; (nsp. 1730-1807) KOI 0 A8avoOloc;
226
XaAKaypalj>ia Tlau TWV "UPIKWV Tau 1833, 0 XplarorrauAo,
tva V TliVaKO KCI TOV ilio KOKva. TIlV TaaV'TaavO-
yAou, xoAKoypalj>ia TlptTl1 va Ta TOU TlpOaWTTOu
TOU

MII\TOL: nEX!\IBANOL:
XpIOTonOUAOe; (1772-1847). H 8wp[a TOU npwTOu,
TOU KnOlOUTlKOU TOU
Bp[OK1 Hlv HIe; OHIV aV8KOOTIl ipal1l1aTlKi) rfle; jJW-
l1aiKIOe; yAwooae; (1788), TOU OUTPOU OTIl ipal1jJ.aTlKi) rfle; AioAo-
OWplKfle;, fjTOl Tfle; 0l1lAoujJ.8VT)e; TWplVfle; TWV 'EAArjvwv yAwooae;
(BI8VIl1805).
Av 11 Tile; TIle; nOAIle; OTIl OV
OUVIOTOUO OKaVOaAO Yla TOUe; OUVTIlPIlTlKOTpOUe;, 0
Unp861l KaTa nOAU TO OTOV ana TO 1783 npoTlv 8vav
V80 (<<TO va KUp[We; yAwooa 'nou
OAOI, Kal TO va ypaou Ka8we; AaAoO Kal TIlV
TOU OTi 11 ywpy[a TOO voO TOO 88voue;" anOlTd va ouy-
OAOI KOIVWe; Kal 0XI tMIlVIOTl TOe; Kal
Au88p[OUe; 6avauooue; T8xvae;" (To EUPLOKol1Va, 00, 197, 333).
H yAwooa TOU -11 Tile;
yAwooae; TWV TWV anoyovwv TWV O aVTlOla-
npoe; TOUe; 'EMllve; (apxa[ol 'EMllve;)- ouvavTllo T8TOle;
aVTlOpaOIe;, WOT 0 Tile; va !;avayKaoTd ana TO 1791 O
anpooooKTlTll OIYAwoo[a: va oUVX[O1 va K88T1 88wPllTIKa
un8p Tile; yAwooae;, O yAwooa WOTOOO OIOP-
TIlV onoia anoKaAd aipnrj.
Ta AAllvIKa" KQl TO anoTAouOOV Yla TOV
ouo YAWOOe;' 8OTW, av apXOloAoy[ae; 8pWTl otv nay' Kapola TOU
va Tfie; dnfi OUO" (To EupCOKow;va, 0, 217), Kavde; va 8w-
TIl oUTPIl yAwooa 8KTIl OlaAKTO Tile; npwTIle;, 0 XplOTonouAOe;
nlXdpIlO va npOOOIop[081 TO dooe; Tile; !;apTIlO1le; Tile; VOTPIle;
yAwooae; ana TO apxa[a. H Ylo TOV N80 AvaKp80vTO,
ouo apxa[wv 0IaA8KTWV, Tile; KOl Tile; KQl
01881 KQTa OUV8nla nlOTOnOlllTiKa naAOloTIlTOe; TOV
TWV apxalOTwv, Av j.laMov 0 XpIOTO-
nouAOe;, auril TIlV oV
OT O 88011 va TO -onwe;, aAAWOT, KOl
aMe; OL\Jle; TOU aVTIaTlKOU 8PYOU TOU. npoav8e;, WOTOOO, dVOl
nwe; KQTa TIe; OKO1[e; nou TOV XplOTonOUAO ana TOV Ka-
0 8pWTae; Tile; apxaloAoy[ae; yiV1Ol OXoov
o iOloe; 0 XpIOTonouAOe;, navTWe;, 8a PWTOTponliOl O
IlAIKlO TOV onwe; dX aMwOT naAOloTpO aM1l8wp[081
KOl npoe; Tie; WVOKVTpIKE:e; 8801e; TOU MOOIKOU 01lj.lOTlKIOj.lOU. H
TOU ov dVOl 6860la 11 npWTIl' OouvTa-
KTIle; TOU Biou TOU, nou O nAIlPoopie; KOl
TOU [OIOU TOU OIKOloAoyd TO Ka8opuov uoe; TOU
:4x1AM:ue;, OTi 0 XpiOTonouAOe; Xap[OTIlK,
vwe; Tie; YAWOOlK8e; TOU apx8e;, ie; TOe;
TWV UnOAllnTIKWV [uunOAllnTWv] apXOVTWV TOO au88VTOU TOU. "
jU),a 0 lIargox}or; WOVr;, xW(Jir; 7ro(Jwr; va qJofJl'JOij,
mov Ea(J7rTJbova iqJO(Jfla fli ro aflagL xau:vO",
KaOoJr; rOv db' 0 Eag7rl'jbwv, EvW ogflOV(J! 7r(Jor; amov,
(JqJob(Ja uval;E! xar' amoD, ITa XovragL buvarov,
AU' 0flWr; E(JXVIjJCV wO"r;, XL mm]OclWr; oeSul,
xai ro xovra(JL {Jgovuma, E(JqJL1loovi(J(fq flax(Jva.
Tore bt 7rUOV xai amor; avrmval;E! mL{Jaga,
xai rov qJOVWE! ivravr,w xai rov (JXvlEVE! (Jo{Ja(Ja.
AOlXvaoLO; XQHJ'tOltOU).o;, 'AxuJ.1.-lJ9>,
IJ't.182189, A Jravra, 0.335,
[ ... 1 ro o(Jafla roDro roD AXLillw; EyLVE XL E7ra(Jaura(h]
bei rijr; Mov(JoVI;TJ, roD onoiQv Q;
a(JxovrEr;, iiv xai (J7rovDaioL OflWr; (JUVTJOwfli'vQL l'a
y(Jarpouv Eir; ro hYOflCVOV flW,agOVLXOV [plxro J vrpor; rijr;
KwvmavrLvOV7rohwr; xai roD flarlnagxEiov, ;<ai 15i:v Jra-
(JaM:"j,ovro ayoyyiJmwr; -urpi]v ;,oyov !t,;TA,l/V xai 7ra.pEXT!!E-
7rOflEVI'JV ano rr,v ib",T,v rwv {jJa),wra 7r(J0l:lllOPEvTfV (ho
VEOV ovvagxovra rovr;, xai fl/xP(lV xara TOv fia.Opov), vOfli-
I;ovrar; rr,v a7r),ijv airrr,v -urpr,v !'ira a!'apl1Jfta, >iai ;r).I/Yr,v
OavaTTJqJo(Jov Eir; ro iOLXOV rovr; urpor; roD Yi!alfELv.
TiT. rpgovr,flara h)(7rOv airrwv 0 tav
O(Jaflaror;, xai a7rOI(L-vyovrar; n)v airiav rov O'xavo6.}ov,
lVEOWXE va oUyov ro ulpOr; rijr; y),w(JO'TJr; roll,
xa(JLl;oflE:VOr; Eir; rar; xara(Jf!Ll;wflt-var; 7rgOA,JjVJELr; rwv -uno-
)'TJ7rUXWV 1l(JXovrwv rov avOivrov TOV.
N. Bio; 'A9u.vcwiou XQw1:orrou),ou (1853),
a, 113.
OL (JJwvoalol, TGJV nQoE!tavamauxwv XQovUJv cruvEL011Ta'
J10l11CJa'V ou y),wCJCJa CJTTIV oJ1o[a <m)..E'IEL va
-J1oCJo [LCilJ,O'V va YQcniJEL- CJuvaQTaTaL VE WU oQou
LCJXUO, OU '1 <sovaLa acrXELWL (xm) piCJa uno
wv ),,01'0, H J1o)..v',),UJCJOLCi TaU [vm CJuXva
CJ.J1oQQOLO. no)" flX)l Xat OLy)..UJOCJLI(S TaU,
0J10LCi XCit Sa cn;a xQcnos.
Louis Dupre, Ta avaKTopa KaJ TO Koarpo TWV lwavvivwv
'l'a/vovral anD Try Aillvry, 1819 To IlilCivvlva aro
TOU 180u a1. npwrcuouao TOU KTTOlltvou
naaoAIKiouTOU aUVlaTOUV KCvrpO Hncipou, AA6a-
Kal
M TOV TOV BI)Aapa Kal TOV KUKAD onorcAouv
Ol)lltio aUyKAlal)C; TWV
cupuxwpfa TOU vOAAI)VIKOU
To f{}tilfJLpO [ Je[voL onov yparpcI,
pi fiX rjJrJlpLti oJrov lWIlaf1Taivouv
rif 0 t7Tv cixova
dooue; pi rie; paq'ic;. r.,J'OgOoYllappEvq )i411 elVaL Dui-
vq, onou 1] Jr{JOlp0lla, a,TO ro at!alhaupft rwl' 1/JIIlf!LWV PI"
.st" JrC/(Jalli!;c1 ano ixEiVl/v (mou 1JlIV1/1}U.'rat ur1v opl}.ia
Snowe; Y{Jaq'J. tW.IWe; ti.:r' 0, rL (jiv O{!OoYf!tirpn
XI OJrOLOe; ypaV CI aVu;';. a,T' 0, TL "-(}C'vCL, xal :ff(!orpign ra
"I(JafJPEva uav miie; ,)iv xpEvn, xal'ft Jt.T}.ov III avwIfD.cv-
rov XO.TO rpwvrarpv)).o, onov .5cv
elval uro" y.oupo, {La va fJ.111Pciav aJro xoxxLva paro-
"lui va ro liifi xaOwe; otJ.a ro tp}.JT[ pi YVfJva ra
patU' aro rpUULXO taU l.f!wpa.
(<'0 TOS'/)U1>111C;,
0.142(EX/),E.l\1ofT',(Ovcic;).
H flEl:aggu6!-uol) nO\J itgoT lvo\Jv OL Gwow-
to\J AAa/)LY-Ou /)Tj!lOnXLoflou YYQorp taL ()'(o nAal-
OLO TI)S nO\J oLa!-LOQrpwV L 0/)Ulb-
,,-((to tOV 180 al. 0
anOT A l a1lflJI1Wfla nloTllSonlYa/)loQQ1lxTTjO\JvX la
"tWV ll'> WV, TO\J ngorpoQlXOU AOYO\J Y.aL OUV -
XEla I) onola bEl' xlvb\JVEU l, Eq;6oov I'>worpalli;o\JflE 11)
OLwpci\'ftCt to\J yAwomxou fIQ I1 l, oUfl{pwva fl
TOV BTj),ago, va tpIlAaYOfJ-aO"tE naVtOTE a;w Til 011n).Tj
OT]fkaoTja>,' 0 AOYO; Yom 11 og80"ygarpla,
o d,oyoxEVTQlO].LD;" xm 0 rpWVOXEVTQLO!lO; O\JVL()'(OUV
OUO to\J lbLOU mos
""F'::}/J!.
..:9J r.".......,1v '\.'
M.;-/{f!4
J' ....
XClp6ypaLjlo TOU ljIaAioa E.A.I.A.).
228
TO rAOrrlKO ZHTHMA
o EAAAAlKOI 4HMOTIKIIMOI
H pOIJcTJKTJ yAooa TOU IwaVVIl BIlAOpa (1771-1823) TO
1814 OTllv KtpKUPO- onooKonl, KOTa TOV ASOVaOlO lIJoWio (1767-
1829), OTOV onolo KQl [VQI va 01'#1, OTIl mil yAOOO
KovllC; K nllllTIlKO K IlAOOOIlKO. To TOU f1PW-
TOU (KOI TAUTOiou) OUTaU KOOTlKOU Kopnou TOU KAiIJOTOC; TaU
AAOOlKOU (0 opoe; mov Moaxova), 0
BIlAOpae; TO OTO nwu810 TOU TOU 01\0Ylc1JTO-
TOe; we; l;r'je;: 'H aAIlSlVr'j yAWOOO E:voO IVOU elVQI ri
KOlVr'j Koi at DAOUe;. 'H yAWOOO f1ptn1 va op80ypaTQI
KOL va oUYYPOTOI KOSWe; npotpTQI Koi .
l:TaV f1pOAOYO Tile; POIJcTJKTJC; yAooac; 0 BIlAOpOe; K8E:T1 TIC;
yAwOOlKte; OPXC; TOU OAAIlYOpIKWe;: Evoe; [nou] OPYOVTOV va 0811
TO 6IOAIl Or'jV1 0 OKpO TIlV m:PllOlO TOU OOOU
llOOKOAOUTOU KQl OKOAou8l TOV OTXVOV Tpono TOU IIlTOVOTOU,
K08we; 11 TaU noe; Il YAIlKOOO Tile; OV
J.lIlT ana KOVOVe;. ono Txvll, J.l0v noe; 11 yAIlKll Kc
OPJ.lovIlKIl YVT KOVOVOe; K TXVIl Tile; 1l010e;. To KpiOlJ.lO
nou 8tT1 0 BIlAopOe; O f1lmoM TOU npoe; TOV IWPYlO
KaAopo, iVQl TO OKOAou80: Mil 8AO J.lou npo60AIle; noe; npnll va
ypoOJ.l YIlO TO J.loTI]o. K 0XIl Yllo T' OTIlO;. 0 WVOKVTplOIJOe;
OUTOe; auxvo J.l f1lXIPr'jJ.lOTO nou OVOYOVTQl mov
TOIXoypo<j>ia Tau 1798. 0PXOVTIK6 TOU rcwpylou I8apTC;.
MII\TOI nEXI\IBAN02:
229
rtA.OTWV1KO KpaTU}.O. 11 OnOOKOn8l 010 va
11 TO OTOIX8l0 am npaYlloTO, 1l1l10ppu81l10IlTIl<; op80ypo<pio<; -TIl<;
OTpo60YP0<Pllo<;- OOIlYl 011<; oAIl8Ilv<; IlKOV<; TOV
npoYIlOTov.
To MYlo ov EXOUV Til OUVOIlIl VO IlTOIlOP<PWVOUV 10 npaYIlOTO'
OUTIl lVOl 11 onaVTIlOllTOU KMf.1aTOe; 110<; OTOU<; YAUlOoo8vOKVTpl-
KOU<; 0POIlOTIOIlOU<; TOOO TUlV KOpOYOTWV 000 KOl TWV OPXO(OTWV.
[ ... ] (nov M<; TO ifJUlf.1i ifJUlJ.1iov, anOU ana TOU<; "EMIlVO<;
VTOV apTOe;, novTxo[VIl<; va TO A<; AAIlVIKO; To <PTIl-
VOTpO TO TPW<; Il npooTPIl VOOTIllaOO; ilJ06aOOl Taxo va lm'iC;
TO vepo vepo, anOU TO AE<; VI)POV, KI anou ot "EAAIlV<; TO 'AYOV
UOUlP, Yla YVIl AGOI;. 0 4Jar.lOOC; nlKOAlTOI TOV OIOPKW<; IlTO-
80AAollVO IlPOKA8lTIO nOTollo Kat TOV 11 111 yAWOOO'
nopa TIlV OVOIl 0 nOTOIJ0<; xaV1 ala TOOTO
TOUTOTIlTO, yAWOOO yivUOl TEpO. 'Onw<; OTTlV lOla
nlO1oM TOU npo<; TOV Iwavvll ZOlJnEAIO: ,('EAAllv<; oi "EMIlV<;
KOI npo UPOUlC; TOO I) Kat TOO Ul.
E<pooov 0 npo<popIKO<; Myo<; OIOTIlPi oVOVTlPPIlTO TO np06aOI-
0110, lVOl UAOYO nw<; 11 KOl TO XOUV TTl
8EOIlTOU<; OTO YOU TUlV OIlIAIlTWV TIl<; YAWOOO<;' O oVT180Il
11 TOU<; "YPOIJIlOTIKOU<; TWV npoc:novo01OTIKWV XPOVUlV 0 4JOAlOO<;
ypa<pl: "KOTO TO nopov Allnov OUT YPOIJOTIlKIl OUT A1';I1-
KO, KI' OV Il0<; Kallio ypOIlOTIlKIl, 110<; 1l0VOXo 1110
IlIKPIl YIO TO nOIO H yAWOOO 0101J0P<!>WV101, Aomov, 11 Til
01W, onoT nopo01l ovaYKIl vOAOYIOIlWV, 0111 6aOll TIl<; ovoAoYlo<;
npo<; TIlV OIJIAOUIJVIl. 6V OUT 010p8WV10l K TUlV npo-
TPWV ono TOV AOYIO, eMa 8p[OKTOI KQ1Q18IIlEVIl O
OTOV Kavova TUlV POIlIKOV 61l6Allov, onw<; TOV 0 4JoAi-
00<;: "TOV EPOTOKPI)TO, onou IlV OAO<; '01111 po<; , YIO va IlIlV IlnO KOAIl-
TpO<;, TOV XPIlOTonouAo, onOUVE VO<; AVOKPOVTO<;, 111v Epoeprj}.17 K
Tllv BooKonou}.o.
H nlO1oM TOU 4JoAloo npo<; TOV N0<pUTO 60UKO (1815), ana
Tllv onolo npOEPXOVTOl TO OUO TEAuTOlO nopoS1l0TO, ouvlO1a,
xapll 0TTl1lY' All t\UKAo<t>OfJ10 KOI TTj<;,
TOU K}.iJ.1aTOe; TOU AAOOIKOU 0IlIlOTtKIOIlOUH, 00 lX Til
SEOIl TOU npoMyou a KIIlEVWV TOU BIlAopa KOI
TOU 14J0Aioo, 11 onoio So TunUlvoTOv OTO 'AIlO1pvTOIlTO 1821'
TO 1l0VlepEOTO aUTO, YIO TO onolo 0 BIlAopa<; npoTlv TOV T[TAO
fpaepl) POJ.1E:OU rrpoe; PoJ.1E:OV ylO TI) y}.oao TOUe;, oV KUKAOepO-
PIlO nOTE, VOtjJ1 TWV VEWV npoooVOTOAIOIJWV TI<; nopollovE<;
TIl<; Enova01oOll<; LTO nAoiolo, auvc:nw<;, TOU 8VIKOU 800lAlOU
oV anollEv1 ana TOV MOOIKO 0IlIJOTlKLOIlO napa 11
ovallvllOTI IJlQ<; OKPOTIlTO<; KOl IJIO<; oUYKXUIJEvll<;
c:nloPOOll<; mov LOAWIlO (EIJIl, Moaxova<;).
1! aJ.ryIJwl) [xararpuywJ aJro 'I'a [rna rou K4!-
owov '.';gpou, 'I'a xaJ.a xai tvavria, dvat iJ Movuat,
ptpuw, POVE x6TIa va ioti, r..,J 'f/pEr, xigo1] 6hyoma
oJrou oi:v rpOavopEV OYrE Ola ra uJr1]rwxa ,/la, ro
Jrgaypa pa, axaral;ljr1]'I'O, 'I'a pf!EUEOW, xapiva, va
IjpJrogfi, va Jra!!Tl, Jtapav. Oi lPEwrpElJirat, va ai
yvgcVovv oJ.otva va '1'011, aJtoxgtOfj" iqiJ va Evrg,Tl/uat,
xai va pr,v ryjJJw{!fi, va uJtorpEgn, 'I'fj, uirr/goJ.oyiat' rov,
ri).o, Jtavrwv 'I'i "avEt, d, Jtagopowv JrE{!iuwmv;
E1tuTtoArl 'taU KovOflCt'tll OTOV OI)'.,OV(lflOU,
28 1818.
o xwbLxa, 'twv EJWHOAWV. JtOlJ aV1'Yga1pE W XgOVLC! '(11,
EJtavoowo11<; i\agLoalo, !wovv11, O1JVIO,C<
TIJ 0l1f.LaV'tLx('mg11 Jt11Y1l !w<; yLa to xAij.La IOU )J,abIX01J
b11 f.LOUXIOf.LOtl, xa8w, OVyxEVlgWVEL iWLOW<O
XQL Jtooonxc<, f.Lag1lJgLe, yLa l11v JtagolJoia lOlJ B1t).Clga
0111 8woa),ia ><aL l11v 111, y),WOOLX11, XaLVOlO-
lOlJ, ME u, EJtLO'tOAE, alJl<; 0X11lIU1i1;E1aL 11 L',(ova
VOC; XUXAOlJ bLavOOUf.Lvw\', amldl<; ITgOEAelJOll<;,
11 1l0V oJtoiWv, (')OTOOO, bEV lClOttAel JtLC!
ClJtOtU.E0f.La 111, IlW,BE011, f.Lla<; a><f.LaLCl<;
[oJtw<; AX fI' cov "cpavagUJrn-
Y.o bTJ!-'OUXL0f.L0"] a).,Aa OllVLOWf.LVTj 10V 1;vyoma8flL0f.LCtlO<;
ITgawauxlov avayxwv vo; xoo!-'ov Jtov ClgXi1;EL va OlJVEL-
ll'l10JtOLEL lTJV 111<; 8OTJ, lOlJ xm va OLYOITgO-
Bal.AElla OLxaLcJJfLC!1a 10lJ (FIliI. Mooxova,). MOlgaalLvOL
avolJ.foa 010V xEgllwo xo'L 10\' ),OYLO 11<; avtlso-
01Tjlt; 111, AgiOTJ; lWV buo llgWTwv IlE",(acW0v
lOlJ 1901) CLL. xm Y,OLVOITOLOUV n<; tOU,: "6v
go olm va moxa080, 011tf va ygo;wo Y,aALnga lQOYOVW,
XOlJXuX, CjJCWOU),LU., Jtgaou. X1A. (Emoco)"1 10lJ Ka-
),agc< owv B11AaQC<. 1 A:rQt.Aiou 1815).
x'pOVpo<po Via TOV
APXio E.A.I.A,),
AO. (1748-1833)

I. fvvaoiou)
"Owv Ji1'w, on lUra
rr,v y;'waaav pcrixa ro
fOvOl; o20v pi Drypoxpa-
nxr,v iaoT7)ra, 15iv vow on
JrPE:U:l v' rr,v pOP'Pwalv xai
lJ'/pLOvp1'iav aUfa],; fl, rtiV oxlo1<panX'lv pavraaiav uiiy
XVlJaiwl'. [... ] I:qarpE pail Jrpoaoxij, f/l'iJ:r,/,;,
aov ami nil' yM>aaav' ra sl!;al'/a fi;e; xvlJauJ'1Jroc;. OXI'
opw, (j}11 Jrapavra pi rr,v ,5iituJ.al', a))..a pi r.tiv xEi{Ja
"ai "a,a plXpOV v (mimI) roi! ,lJ.Jov aJrElgE d; avrr,v ra
'E}JlJv/xa a.Tt."i!paW, it})it xai avril pi ,r,v lrilia, xai 0Xl
pi rol' aaxxov. Kai OU.B; aJl'o{lIjaal' mii, d; o}Jyov
"al(!ov ai )igEl, "ai ai I{'paaa; aov GTl'ga(JlLv a;ro ro
{Jlf3JJ.OV ti; wii laoii ux ar:opaw. Ol ).01'101 iivlJ(iL; roi!
flivov; Elyal (pValXa oi vopoOiua ri;; yhil(Jm!>, rr,v ();roi-
Ul' J.a2Ei' fa tOvo,;, it})! Elval (;rall v ro ).ira vopoOiml
lJIJPOXP(lW'Oi! 1!pityparoe;. Eie; ailrove; I) /)LOPOW-
me; ,ife; y),waqrye;, I.lJJ! " y),w(Jaa dval ",ifpa fjj.ov roi)
fOvove;, "al X'ifplL iEpol'. "OOLY Jl'PE:W va itl'axaLVit;cral
PE wJ.il.{Jaav :<[tl r,auxiav, xaOwe; aVlLxwvit;oVTal ra iE[JiJ.
rrol' OEWV, Qxl pi nIl' Oopv{JwlJlJ "ai ,VplL'VI'L"r,V
lLvOalJElIJ.Y. pi uiv o1!oiav iJ1jJwO'l rije; Hap!}. 0 Jrvpyoe;.
KOlin!I"
iEltu710Aq ltQel; 'Al.E<;uvbl!Ov BMU.IOIl,
AiOLOJtlXa, ntllilol 1804),
230
TO rI\Ol:l:IKO ZHTHMA
KOPAHI KAI KOAPIKAI
H MEIH OilOI" KAI HANTlilPAIH
l:ul oUYXU011 TOU 180u Ol., Tle:; EVTOOEle:; avo-
OTOUe:; 0PXO'lOT8e:; nou Tllv Enovooo OTW Tllv
npooyylO11 npoe:; TTl yAWOOO TWV opxoiwv npoyovwv KOI OOOue:; 6EW-
pouoov Tllv yAWOOO we:; KOl
KOTOOTOOIl, II TOU
(1748-1833), 6EwPllTlKOU KOl Tile:;
OOOUI>,
Tle:; YAWOOlKe:; TOU onOl\JEle:; OVOffiUOOEI 0 OTllv EmOToAI-
TOU npoe:; TOV <)lIAO TOU BOOlAEiOU, T11V onolo
npoToooEl we:; npOAOYO Tile:; KOOO11e:; TWV AiBlOnLKWV TOU HAIOOWpou
(nOpiOl 1804). KOI OTOUe:; AurooX:o[OUC; OTOXaollouC; n:pi njc; t},Ary-
V1Kf)C; nalo:[ac; Ka! yAwoonC; OTllv KOOiJTl TWV Biwv
napaAAI'!Awv TOU nAOUTOPXOU, nOplOl 1809-1814) 6EiJTl
OTOV OTOXOO\lO TOU KpQTOUOE II yAwooa Aun;v O<)lEl-
AOV 01 'EMllvEe:; va we:; K<)lpo011e:; lOEWV KOl yvw-
OEWV OE OAOUe:; TOUe:; T11e:; 0POOlllPlOTllTOe:; TOUe:;. H
OTIl yAWOOO Tile:; 0PXOlOT11Toe:;, onwe:; Ol OPXOlOT8e:;,
OOUVOTll, OAAO Kat KQTOOTPEffilKO YIO TO 6voe:;.
ME TTl Tile:; nOloEioe:; KOl T11V K061pW-
all VWV, KQTOAAllAOTEPWV YlO TTl OlOOOKOAlO Tile:; OPXo[oe:;
yAWOOOe:; 8a OIVOTOV, KQTO TOV 11 OUVOTOT11TO OTIlV oPxoio
yAWOOO va KOl va nOAI Til 0Xl we:;
EK<)lPOOTIKWV nou II TOUe:; 80
onoTAouOE OUTooKono. oMo we:; EpyOAEio npoan8Ao011e:;
TWV YLQ Tle:; onolEe:; II yAWOOO va
opoue:; H yAWOOO TOU AOOU.
nOAl, OEV npn va 0<)lE6Ei OKOVOV\OTIl Kat oOUVTOKTll,
BopBopo KOl "XUOOlKO, oMo va olop8w8i. K060-
ana KOl EK<)lPOOEle:; TOU
AOOU, npnE II yAWOOO va KOVOVlOTEi KOVOVEe:;. va
OAO EKElVO TO OTOlXEio nou 80
va OVTAll60uv ono Tllv opxoio nopooo011. To 1804
AEUE TOV AA. BOOlAEiou: nOpOKOAW OE. QV oyonpe:; TO y8VOe:;, va
Ete:; TOUe:; Kol va nponoTf)e:; nOVTOTE POIlV
606v. Av 11 oooe:; onooElKvUOTOV TEAIKO OV<)lIKTll. TOTE
OTllV 0PXOIO yAWOOO KOl Til yAwooa TOU AOOU YIO TOV Ko-
II OELmpll
o unEpoaniOTIlKE Tle:; TOU pE
1l0X11TlKOT11TO, nou TOV OUXVO OE npoowmKe:; 8Pl-
OEe:; OVTl<)lPOVoUVTEe:;. 'ETOl <)lraOE TO 86voe:; va XWPIOTEl OE OUO
IlEpioEe:;, KopalOTe:; KOl OVTlKOPO'lOT8e:;, nou ol8Tav KOl OlK8e:; TOUe:;
Ol KopolOTe:; TOV /l6ylO 'Epllf) , 01 OVTlKOpct'iOT8e:; TTlv KaA-
Alonry. Kat Ol 000 E<)lIlPEPIOEe:; BYOlvav OTIl BIVll.
KUplOrEpOI aVTinoAol TOU 0 HnElpwTlle:; NEo-
<)lUTOe:; L\OUKOe:; TOV KUKAO TOU L\6p60Plle:;. LT<)loVOe:;
KOl 0 A611voioe:; IlovOYIWTlle:; KOOPlKOe:; (1762-1827). pa811-
TOU <DWTlao11. To TaU L\OUKO YLO TllV Em-
OTllV 0PXOIO yAWOOO OEV ElXOV TllV o<)lTllP[a TOUe:; OE KonOIO
aAM OTllv npotKTa011 TWV YAWOOlKWV SEWplWV
TOU wovw OTllv Tllv nwol-
S11011 on 11 KaSltpwo11 T11e; apxa[ae; yAwooae;, TOU opyovou
nou t<!JEpVE TOU TIe; apxalEe; EmOOOEle;, Sa
avoAoya KOl OT11 KOl nOAlTl-
0 KOOplKOe; OEXOTOV, onwe; KOl 0 OTl 11 yAwooa
tnpwE va KOSOPlOTEL ana KOl KOl va una-
xSd OE OlKOUe; TT1e; KavoVEe;, nou we; npoTuno Tlle; tnpwE va dvOl
11 1l0AlnK11 yAWOOO, 11 yAwooa TOU Ilarplapxdou KOl TWV <llavaplwTwv.
o TKVO T11e; EnavoOTOOlle;, SEWPOUOE
TOUe; <llavaplwTEe; opyova Tll<; Kuplapx(ae; KOl TOV
KOl 11 lata KaVan Ol cDavaplwTEe; TO YAWOOIKO TOUe; Sa ava-
apX11ytTEe; T11e; KOl ovaytvV11Olle;
TOU tSVOue;.
o KOOplKOe; (Melti':TI] AAI]V1Kf)C; 6taAKTOU, llaplOl
1818) npoanoS11oE 0XI va aVOlptoEI ne; yAwoOlKte;
TOU aMo KOl va TOV we; npoowmKo-
T11Ta 0 TOU KOl
T11 OAOKA11P11e; Aoyiwv
KwvoTavTlvoe; aOEAepoi KwvOTavTivoe; KOl LT<!JOVOC: OlKOVO-
8EOKA11TOC: NEO<!JUTOe; K.O.), aVTopaoE
OT11v wlSECJrj TOU KOOpIKO, mlSw11 nou OEV napa
TOV Savaro TaU TEAEuralou (1827).
1/ ylwooa /laq lomov [va< qmOE! xai OioE! 'E)J,1]wx1,
xai xal//lia )'oOoq fJ.wOOOVO/lia I>tv oirvara< va aljJaL-
{iilTfl aln:O ro MOLOl' ovo/la. "OOcv ill' wq fJ.wooa
xat ).alovpEvll XaOa!!OLV, iJ xv!!iwq xaOa!!otq
aln:lJc; iva< ro WI alro{J).IIOfi paa
5cvo).oyia rwv rAw OOOVO/lW v, ow va owrlJ!!IJ(}" 0 IjJUOLXUq
"Iq Xaf!a='i!! avaUciwroq. A. v OLO{!OWOIV,
/lOv1] lr{iOOlPV7/q OLOpOWOLq elvaL ro va iurOppLIjJOoirv olm
ai oU'aT!!a/l/lEva< xai y).woOlJ/lanxai OLO!!OWact" OUaI
Evavciov XOLvijq xP1acwq xai UVV1'J0da,
JrCVOljO'Wav, OLa va OLaljJv),ax!Jfi lW.(!' 0
nJnoq EOvvdiq Lltalixrov avoOwroq. "0;0, iii t:Lvat Ii
ag/lOOLWrf!oq rpono, {)/' oli XOLl"J ljJ!!aaL, oirvaral va
Ctaucv OtWIJLV; roiirov, TO /ltv E.,TIX(!a-
row lrvv/la rov (}Yovq OW rov i4l:vycvUJ/lOV nilv
iXIjJ!!aowv lr!!aY/lanx'/j';q rOv aJfion4m 'HIIEiq t#., [...1
XgWaTOV/lEV va alto!!!!iww/lcv oJ..u. ra SEVOAoJ'IXa ixEiva
vOOa OvOIIaW, tH' (bv oi altEI{JOxaJ-eL ).aO.7Mtl'o/ [..1
ioo"i/laoav va aT100vV aVVlri{J{JAIJW O!!La fJtaXW!!LU/lOV
/lHasV riiq ltaJ..u.tiiq xai via, 'E}J,lJvt"iiq rJ.1i>uulJr;, rr;r;
oJroiar; TiJV oVOLWOl1 bonlw flOV' oi avaru01]wirvrcq
1/IIJrO!!OVV va anagl'lJ0oiJv.
KobQu,,:';,
MvirlJ rr;q XOLvijr; u),1]VLX'ir; I)ta}brov,
T. I, Ilr.tQiOl 1818.
OE Olp6i'J!!a ayavaxrei1', avayvOvO' (i /lov oi Ko-
pai'OTa; :ro))(1 xa; JELVlI al'wvVl/Wr; xarellrOv. II ,wi
ltoOCV ovrw owfJakiv /lC JrpoiJxOrwav;
lroOCV; is c1iv Jrpaaw' ltparuu i'J' aE; rOI<; iXE;vwv avc/-
OTgarlJYWY OT{}an/y1Ita(l/. liftv tv rff at!l.ai[1 y!!alpuv
IjJwvfi If>aULV iXEiyOL' iyw /H: xat ygaljJEtI' xai ),alcil', OUOl'
oiov re. Ravm tv rr7 vVv Oltl'IJ8ci[1. xai wiira rr'i i'Jrwwi'JEL
xai axog1rw -;w Of: rfi re 1'irv xai rr7 lralm xara ro c!xoq,
"vOa r5l, xai wr; OE;, al'ar!!ixavrar; E<; ro uITl;.:wrf!Q1'
.Tal'raxoiJ. 'O{}oOcrciv Ociv, i'JtiaTcl.VWr; alt' aJl,j),(J)v ricc;
-;d) /), a.7fooJraoaq aVTwv rovq ogovr;, xai ro1'
ljJ!!aY/lOv i'JwM1sClr;, VJrE!!JrElr1,51J)/a, Jro}J.a "aT' a/lIjJW
"ai avrl'!!aljJa<;, "0.; /lua{fJpaoaq.
6.0IJXIIC;,
RlttO"rolai ;rpoq ui,CtI (.1' IiWIjJ0!!0L<;',7f{Jlara(lEU'I,
t.l, r\[YIVU llBS.
(17621827) (Apxcio R. Gar-
sonnin de Codrika).
iEOPiIOl: A XPIITOl'lOYI\OY
231
To OKpOl1pWPO TOU I1Aoiou
TOU Im:TolwTT)
e6VlKO laroplKo MOUOEio).
TO

Kai 1] xara xarvoro/Jav Jrapa raura Ei(JaX(}El(Ja rwv
Jra).wwv 'EiJTjV1XWV /woparwv t'mrpwvrwre; de; ra fJa5'm-
sopEVa fJ(Jt'!p7J rwv mOTwv, we; i],mvaapEV, ),apfJavopivTj
we; pia xai awi(JpoOTOC;- o(}cv avtiyxTj I} (Jae;
va JWlJWU7jTE JrapayyEi.iae; mOl'OVe; de; TOIle; 7E{!Ele; rwv
bopdiJv aae;, &a wi AeilflrJ rovvuulJcv xai iJ uaraXPTjate;
Ot YOVEle; xai va ovof/aroOawOtv de; ro
t!;ije; & r(li YoarprjJ rije; OEiae; xai pV(JW!ije; avayEWljaEwe;
ra EiOwpiva rale; roaE{Jiorv &xoaie; Jrar(JoJrapaijora X!!r-
OTWVrXa ovopam rwvt.'yvwapbwv rfi 'Exx}.Tj(Ji(!., Yoai rwv
bJo!;we; iw' ain:ije; iogra!;op.t'vwv i<\yiwv, Jra va Elvw
{rpOgOl xai rpv}.axEe; rwv [3a:'lT:rsopvwv 1'Ij.'riwv. r.,.]
Amimtu(ffltlEyxlIltHollrOll U(HQUJ.OZll rQ1]yoQiou E'
(Mu(mo; 1819).
H 'tWV 011:0\100[wv ovofuhwvEXEL XOWXllQLEUOELTO
nVE'!J/Lo OQLOflEVWV rQaLXWV, tOOO WOl: WTO}'((AOUI' flE 011-
ni0Xl !lOVO TO 11:aLoui tolle;, UAAcI. XCll torr),EOufIEI'cI. 'tOllS.
'EnlLAOIJtOV, 1<.CnOLO 1OT.IOlpOQO HOll Af:YOWV All-havvllS,
O'ifIEQO ljJEQt:l. tlo 6vOflU rOll HQUXA1], 'tOll nOOElOWVO, tOll
8qHOTOxiJIXL &Xt..w-v. 11 vEo. XQ,'!OII OUVU't!OlVn'((l
rvo E;IOUVI1<.Ell'tIXO LOEWOEC;. H uloElell1011 TIle; O1Jy1<.E-
xg'lI.EVllC; ElvClL 01.'vmov va 0Tlll'
't1'jC; n;(XAAlly.o.QLliC; WI t'Ile; rOll'
YOQULWI'. 'tOll' L;,T[nowJl:wv. 'tWV 'PuQl.o.VU)I': Ol llQUlIZEC;
an'lilEC; ELl'aL 0llvOEOEflEVEC; flE aura ru OVOflUW. [...JTa
Jtgoacpaw tWV "ll0IWtCOV al'UXClAOUV TO
QW/LUAC( XQOl'lCl 't% r)JJlv1ltJic; L(noQLo" UVOBEQlWi.voV'ws
'WI' Bau/Loovo'tOlV AQWV.
Marc-Pbilippe:allony (MaQ1<.oc; <PiAIJtJtOC; ZHA1.WvllC;).
Essai sur les Fanariotes, MCWOQ.Alo. 1824,0.172-3.
MEtlJ41Q,l. nf:tQOn:OUAOll
rAOrrlKO ZHTHMA
AEI'lJANA APXAIAI nOAYTEAEIAI
H avOOUOTI Hle; apXQlOT1'jTae; OlaV ycwypaeplKO Xwpo TaU TOUP-
eKollAwvnal nplv H!V TaU
1821. E[vQl tva nou OIQTptXCl OAOKAllPo TOV 190 at. KQl
01 KaTQ60Ate; TaU 8a nptnci va Ola IOl0PIKO
yeyovoTa nou oeppoylOav Tllv OTOV eAeu8c-
piae; nou va nvtel Ta upwna'iKo TIaVaOlaTl-
KO OTOV nou eptpvCI OTO npo-
TQ KAaolKo npoTuna. St60la, 11 Tile;
AOYlOOUVIle; TT]V OT081lKC aOlo-
Konll ano TT] xelpoypaepll napoooOTl Kal, apyoTepa,
TO tVTuno, (<<'H 'E,\Acie; [... J au oltAmc ncpl86.Anouoa
Aeiljlava apxa[ae; nOAuTeAeiae; [... ]>0, N. MaupoKop06Toe;).
A,\Ao OlO TtAoe; TaU 180u at., OlwelWVeTQl vta Oiaepo-
OC Cupoe; KQl
To yeyovoe; mOTonOlei Ola 1803 a OTOV
KQTaAUTlKO pOAO Tile; TIaVOOTaOIle; Yla TOV TWV
napaTllPei all Ol 8aAaoOlvo[ Ta IOlloepopa
TOUe; TWV IOTOPIKWV npoownwv Tile; apxOl-
OTllTae;. H 8a TICKTQ8d oc Xwpo KQl OC XpOVO' ano Ta Ctljlu-
xa ncpvoci Ola OTa npowa nou npoKaAei
TIlV aVT[opaOIl TT]e; EKKAllo[ae;. napOAO nou 11 cyKuKAloe;
(1819) TT]v we; KaTaeppovllOlV
TO cm61wvel Kal -Ta
apxa[a ana Tllv elo60Mouv OTllv
Ol nCAaY[0I0l va KaAOUV Ta nACOUllevo
TOUe; nayavlOlIKO, CVW 01 Oleplavo[, OlO xplOTlaVlKO
6aepTlOllKO napa8trouv tva CIOWAOAQTPIKO, TO (veOKO-
no) enl8cTO TOUe;. a,\Ao KOl oeiKTlle; TWV
lOTOPiKWV KQl TWV
Kuploe; o[aUAOe; TOU OTo811KC 11 CK-
na[OcuOTI. Mtoa ana tva TumKO 0 VOepWllOTOe; ul08nouoc
tva vto ovolla. rOMOl ncplllYllTte; ana aUToljJ(a OTI OTa
napOAla Tile; Alo,\[oae; unoPxcl o[ljla apXOloyvwo[ae;:
TO TWV KUOWV1WV (Al6oAl). 0 Gouffier
(1809) orwe1wv1 OTl 01 aOKouvTOl OTl1v av6yvwoll TaU
pou KOl TaU GOUKuoiOll, 0 Dido! (1817) napQTllpe[ all eKei 01 tc+t1l60l
CKepWVOUV xwpia ana TOV IlAQTWVa, TOV Tllv
'EK661'} TaU Eupm[oll onou 11 apxa[a
we; yAwooa emKolvwv[ae; cvoe; emAtKTWV
o Marcellus A[yO T1plV TO 1821, Olllv nOAll, aT1ayyeAia TWV
ncpowv eno npWTaTUnO. Twpa, 01 cMIlVOAQTpCe; oa-
npoowneia, unOOUOVTQl pOAOUe;, olQTpavwvouv
napouo[a ana lenoplKo -KOl aXI ma H 8c-
aTplKOTIlTa OTIl yivnol KOAae; aywy6e; TaU ancAeu8c-
PWTlKOU OTle; Tile; TIaVoOTaolle;
LTT]v aepnllP[a 11 apXQlOAQTP[a apOCUCl Til oe OAee; Tie; eKepov-
oele;: 8tQTpo, LTa TaU
Qlwva, OTO MaiOlO TT]e; TIWaOTle; TWV e8vIKwv npwTQ 01
232
EMoOln:e;, KOI UITn:po, aLjJq.lO,01 op8000E,0lTIle; 61WVOUV Hlv
TOUe; nc:piooo. 01 npw6UTC:pOI owpocpopOUV OTOUe; VC:O-
Tc:pOUe; OVOIlOTO, TOnWVUIlIO, OIOOKC:UO-
Tpoywoic:e;, KOOIlOUV TO 1lC: lWVlKO KlOVOKpOVO.
H OVo.KATlCJT) TaU npOXPlOTIOVIKOU KOOIlOU OTTlV TTle;, unOOTl-
AWVC:l ilIaOUVOIlC:l lOC:OAOyio. MAO. OTO KUAlOIlO TOU Xpo-
VOU 01 NC:OEAATlVc:e; 1lE:T06o.AAOUV TTl OTOCJT) TOUe; OnEVOVTl OTO EVOOE,O
nopC:A8ov, onq.moAWVTOe; TO c:nOVOOTOTlKO lOC:WOC:<;: TO TTl<;
nOYlWVE:TOl. H \lTnWQ OTJlV C:KCPO-
po TOU AOyOU OUVIITTo. EvaIlOVOV au IlnTWIlQ TOU CPOlVOIlVOU. :a
GEm: HfEIL:8Q llANTOL: EProyKAI AOrOy
IfI H<IllIMA
'E-yi xaO'JYE./lOl'l})V 8wljJiJ,ov, rfJ1Jyopiov TE. xaiEVQrpariov, reov tv r(ii xara ni.e;
Kvowviae; 'E)J,1]VOJl01IOtq; axoJ,Q{!X01JVtiOJV, 'E),alfJ1l{Joi.diwoe; oyliiJrJ ambvroc;, 01
u;roytypa/l/lfvOL E[noW'" brubi} nil' /lb rraTpr/Jal' iivaM{li(J()aL 1{J(J)V1}v nil' oi:
xVli1]Vxaiayo{laial', 6e;Jravr!!avoixELOV rolfrwv'EJJljvwvixdvwvtVroyavOl;,
JraVtii r(ii IJvWP anw<la(J()wiq;ti/lEOa, lJioor.r:aLJyaUtv "/lll'vO/lOV dUEVEyXEiv ravlie,
w(J()'""lx'1' UVl'W/lCViJJ.1]l'tQri, mivrae;"/lae;ovvliwiiywfJmr.aravayxatav.
NOMm:
'E:rLflclEiIIOw ExaQrov q/lWV iJJ.'/1'/.Qri OIIOl' olav TE /IVVow).iycoOw Q;; Ii'liv/l"
IOti'lJ TOjiTo, /ItJJ.lia O/lIJ(JLXlil' bromov,,/lOJ\, iQra/lowc; cbmyyiUEtv aJroTLIIIITW
Tove;pb OPLlt/lfJove;rwvrriMmVv1Tdlt/l{JavovOQulflfJov;
ioiove;, ra bi fXEil'wV [. ,J bi{JaJ,ov aiJrol,
AV1Tljv'<ai &JIj/loviav.
[ ... j UQi TOVe; aiJrovc; xpovove; ElfJrl1'TJlIav ro Jr(!wrov
1TJ.Ota iV.1Jvtxa, rpi(Jovra ovo/lara /ltyaJ,wv ri;e; ti{lxauJ'
rljro, &vbgWv. U(!OTcgOV /lOvOV ovopara
riyiw". rambi: y,vwrr,<w OXrllf11J ljJigovra TO ovo/la rOll
8E/l'QrOXUove;xairoVZE:VoI{JWl'ro,.

Memoire sur !'etat lU:tuel de 10 civili5ation dans 10 Greee.
rmlV EtCUQEillt01V Av9Qo)l'loU!U')T<ilV,
OaQ[(1l1803.Mml(PQ, e.
HEAAG5a ava/lGoacapxoiacpcima, Ana TO 6L6Aio
TaU ChoiseulGouffier, Voyageplttoresquede fa Grece (1847).
ri/llJl'a,
O[ raiira if'1]'f((la/lHOt
f\y)'tJ,i}e; (A J.xt{lla[)'J<;) IaI'OVl}J.
J,,50r (lll'rlXa(JIIL<;) 1i.agiwv
(;\!1turdJIJ<;) flal'aytl9TTJC; B.
'ltavoe; m;rapftvlJw[)ae;) 1Wltl'Y1]e;
(f)EJlLQrOxhie;) IIEOI7W:;
ecorpavlJ<; (KhltvOlje;) KW 1'uWl7IVO;
tJ1]/lTjr{!WC;II. (AEwvioa<;) FEwg 10;
tJ1]l'ljrpLOe;K. (Mli.rllt,5lje;) FEt1Jp/,IO.K.
na(J/.. (AY1wiJ.ao;) Xaf!aJ.ti/l7C1];
rtwpywe; (UrlrQo%J.oe;) JlO;!/'l'1]e;
(Nlxia;)
(Zf1'oljJwv)
(lJdoJribae;)

(lPwr.iwv)
(Xa{lgia;)
(Ti/lOOCO;)
(:Vco;rroJ.t/lo<;)

o AntoineFirmin-Didul,0 (Notes d'/llL voyage (...],a. 472-3)
JwgaO TEll:O ljJljqJlO1!n rouEAlqvoIlOUO ;OU (tOV KUQWVL<JJ\' (1817).
onou at tgUqJLPOL va O1JVOIC1.l.E'(OVTCtl ow a.QXCllo.
),),qVLlcrl. YJwygCtCjJouv JWQaOcrovtClS XCII TO. vEaTOllS OVO!'ClW.
JOANNA nETPOnOYAOY
233
EIl:ArOrH
NEOTEPH EnOXH
no TO 1821 m'H1pa 11 yAwooa -OTIe; OlOOpe;
npoopIKSe; Kal ypamse; KOOXSe; TIle;- SXI UllOOTd
Tpe; an' aUTSe; nou O
T yAwooa Tile; Eupwnlle; OTO [010 XPOVlKO
2:nlv nle; npIOOOU nlKpaTouoav, OTOV npooplKO ,\oyo, 01
nOlKlAe; Ol6,\KTOI nou OTIe; npIoxse; TOU
MIlVOWVOU ana TIlV KtpKupa OTOV nOVTO KOI ana Til
MaKoovia OTIl Movll, Tllv Kal TIlv Kunpo. 2:Tov ypamo AOyO
Kuplapxouoav OLOOpe; YAWOOlKSe; nOIKIAie;, nou anoTAouVTOV ana
apxaiwv KOL VOTPWV OTOlXiwv, ana TIlv
TWV 2:0OAOYLOTGTWV Tllv aMIlAoypaia TWV ApK-
TO XPOVla, nplv ana TO 1821 8a npsnl va
KonWe; yAwooa nou Til loiwe; Ol
OOOL ana o OMIl KOL OOOL
YKaTOOT08IlKaV, ana oloopa OTa
KSVTpa Tile; Eupwnlle;. 11
yAwooa TWV KOI K6nwe; Tile;
KdVIle; m8avov va anoTsAO TIl 660Jl Yla TIlV Tile;
yAwooae;. Yl' TIlV
yAwooa lOlwe; o OIOOpe; (npwTo-
Tune; KOL nou yp6TIlKav OTle; TAUTOie; OKaTie;
Tile; TOUpKOKpOT(ae; Kal onou 01 ol6Aoyol T1lxdplloav VQ
KaTOyp6LjJouv Til Tile;
EivOL yyovoe; OTi 11 LOTopia Tile; EMIl-
XL AaXIOTa yLa OUO KU piwe; AoyoUe;. npWTOV, TO
ypam6 nou ov va iVOL TAiwe;
OTa' oun:pov, ouyxuoll ana TIlV TWV
olaopwv TOU YAWOOlKOU va TO
YAWOOlKO o owOT6" KOI Aa80e;, aVTi va Til
0 ,\oyou X6PIl, O 8sAIlO vo
KaTOyp6LjJI, OTa yAwo06pla nou Tie;
Ole; I-l Tllv TOUe; aM6 va TIC;
010p8wvl KOTO Ta apxaia npoTuna, vw, 1-l100 OLwva apyoTpa Kal
I-l av6Aoyo Tpono, 0 lJ!ux6plle; oTa TOU 010p8wv"
Tie; AOYLe; TOUe; QI18sv KavoVc:e;
OL OPOL Ka8apuouoa KOL lval apKno naAOLoi' Il
Ka8apuouoa OTO KUPlQKOOPO/lLOV TOU NlKIlO-
pou GOTOKIl, ypal-ll-lVO TO 1796, vw Il
dTOL ana TOV navaYlwTIl KOOPIKcl TO 1818 01 QUO OPOL, oV
O nap6 Til TOU 616Aiou
TOU lJ!uX6PIl To /lou, TO 1888. MOAOTauTO, Il
TOU Apxa(ae; KOL Nsae; nt-
Kp6T1l0 we; KpaOTIKo opyavo TOU AAIlVlKOU KpCITOUe; O niol-lQ
TWV A[yWV onaowv Tile; Tile; yAwooae;.
'000 npvouoav OL oKanie; TOU 190u Olwva, 11 yAwooa
OAO KOI m:plooOTpa apxaia OTOLXda, Le; 66poe; TWV
VOTPWV, OUTWe; WOT, I-lXPI TIlV KOooll TOU (1888),
236
11 yAwooa TOU AOYOU va txe;lqnooe;l aTO TOU
e;ow TIlV aaT8la ne;pimwOTl TOU Ki\twvoe;
0onoioe; une;PIlavc;uoTUv, TO 1884, ontYPQljJe; tva opa-
T8TpaKooiwv oe;A[owv, xwpie; va OUTe;
tvava, eo Mv)
LTllv 11 KoSope;uouoo (onwe; TOTe va
yivUQl tva yi\womKo U6p[OlO, tva OKOTOaTOTO KOI
OVOPX1KO ana YAWOalKO GTOlX8l0 Tuxa[o KOI
KOTO TO OOKOUV ana OIOOPO aTaolO Tile; lOTOpioe; Tile;
yAwooae;. HoVoAoyia TWV opxa[wv KQl veoTepwv OTOlX8lWV
Tavano TOV Tile; Kat Tile; KoAat081l0[oe; TOU
eKOaTOTe YPOOVTOe;.
AvnopWVTUe; 0' TIl avopxio, 0 LJJuxoPIle;, aTO
KOl aTO pyoTOU, npoanoSlloeva
oel yAWOOO aTO Kat TOUe;
KOUe; Kovovee; Tile; BBOIO OTIlV Tile;
11 aVTiopaOTl TOV LJJuxoPIl aTll OlaTunwOTl
une;pBoi\lKO auoTIlPwv yi\WOOtKWV Kavovwv nou ayvoouoov Tllv
miopoollTile; yi\wooae; aTllV 'Onwe;
11 Ka8ape;uouoo 8lxe; va anoK}..c;[oe;1 000 TO OUVOTOV
nepwo6TepaaTOlxc;[a TIle; yAwoooe;, TOt Kat 11
TOU LJJuxoPIl anpplffie KoSe GTOlXlO nou epxoTUv oe ou-
yKpouOIl npoe; TOUe; YAWOOIKOUe; nou Somoe 0iOIOe; BoOll
TllvlaTopioTile; orwwooue; YAwooae;, tOTW KOI OV TO aTOIXc;(O aUTO 8lxe
nOAlTOypaIlS8laTllVnpOOplKtlYAwooaTile; TOU. Ana TOTe, 11
TWV anol/JewvTWV avnnOAwvTile; KaSape;uouoae;
ana TIlV oi\o KOl TOUe; va anooexlOuv aTOlX8la
nou OTIlV
8AlBepo Tile; TIle; olyi\wooiae; Kal
KaSopeuouooe;) KOI Tile; KaTopYllatle; Tile; dvat TO on Opt-
'EMllvee; 0I0S0VOVTOI TIlV avoYKIl va ola6ooouv
Kopua[oue;ouyypac;(e; Tile; ne;pl60ou 1850-1910 (onwe; 0P6iolle; Kat 0
oe 11 avoyKIl -nou oev
OUVOVTlTUI oe Kaplo oMIl yAwooa- odxvel noao
X<:t ol'y'AwaOtcf0TTl ouvXet"'Tll<;
'Ene;ITa ono Tllv naptvSe;OIl Yla TO YAWOOtKO
va GTIlV Tile; iOlae; Tile; npo-
OplKtle; yAwooae;. H Trle; KOIVtle; (oe
OVnOIOGTOAtl npoe; ne; OIOAKTOUe;) 0PXloe va meKT8lVeTOI poyooio
TllvavoyopeuollTIle; oe npwTeuouoaTOU eAeuSepou KPO-
TOUe; Kat Til ouvaKoAouSIl GTO "ioGTei:e; aaTu ana
oloopa aMoloiwe; ana TIlV neAonovvlloo. H Ylve TOl
11 npwTllllyoi\1lXOOVIl onou01 olaAKTlKte; OlOopte; 100ne;owSllKoV'
11 oe;uTepll 11 8OoaAoviKIl lle;To TIlV eYKOTooTOOTl TWV npoou-
ywvTOU 1922. Eow ol'EMllvee;nou nOlKli\e;e; OlQAtKToUe; Kal
8lxav ana Tle; nOTpioe;e; TOUe; e;YKaTOOToSllKav
0' tvavne;ploplolltvoxwpo Kat ovoyKoOTIlKov va KOVOUV OIlllovnKe;
t'
)I.> ]"d rf.J)VJV J'
(::'1' 11 If>'f" rr .
. (l
I I '
><- 6Y '1,;/)- .
J' Go'V o-),{i)7f('.;"" --rv-Y
'j ,..Ti- "\;)
:J,,/ [/,/t,
o 1'1110) 0 111"1
AUToypa'!'o TOU Li,o"uaiou ZaKu"80u,ap.12.
'!'. 43a) KQI TOU ano TO" Alvo (AUTO ypa</Ja
"Epya,:I. r., 1964).
o (1798-1857) 'TOAIKit Kal AaTIVi-
KQI TOU ZOKuv80, WI IraAla,
OITOU xpov,a y,a aAAo O'nou6aa
apxaia a EIT
op80ypa,!,la, ciTE 8wpoua
TOV 0 KOTa DVTi-
TOU, IjTavoUVEnla
nou alTtpp alTO TWV Olav TOUpK'KO
va TOV ano TO
TOU KQI 10 ITa XElpoypa,!,a
TOU Eypa,!,E TO TEAd"", avop66YPoq>a Tp6na.AUTO,
nEp,aaOTEPO napa
Avri8ETOanoTOV Ka' TOV 0'onoimavt-
op80ypa,!,ia Kal
o EpyO "opfloypa'l'io
TOU Ka, TO I.iyo(pya
TOU nou 600 lJ TqV
opfloypo,!,ia.
237
- O d ) l 3 / \ 0 1 0 9 ) l 7 / \ 0 ' 0 f \ ( ' f ) r P 7 Y U 1 ' O M ? Y l l O d 3 0 : ' ( T J U C ? ' : ' 3 2 j d
- 1 I l L r ' ( y 3 3 r l l O I A 9 Y I I D X p n o u ' ( O ) O D r l U O 3 r l
: ' 1 3 3 3 y : ' 3 ] o X d D 3 1 ] 3 ) : ' ( 1 0 W O U : ' 3 I 1 U Y Y 3 .
1 0 : , l L o J U 3 ' O J 3 d o r P ( l ) 3 y o / \ ( Y ) r P J O O r l d 3 8 ' o Y 9 9 n Y O l J
' 0 ! y n o g o 1 ( Y ) d 1 1 ' j O r P / ? d A O l O o r l U g ' 0 J 3 1 D 0 Y 1 1 0 d o X 0 2
' ( l , l D d o ) l n O l j 9 r l o l l 1 Y O l J : ' 1 1 O l \ ( ? r l 3 r l
n o u : ' 3 Q 9 1 y l X : ' 1 1 9 u V '
' ( 0 1 0 9 1 1 0 1 9 U D ' U l I O Y Y 9
! 3 l o u o r l w u d X
o l , l l n o O ) D l n 3 y 3 1 I I U I m A ) j o r l 9 d g n X 0 1
' j o y u y y r ; J l 1 n ' o J o o d ) { o r l d 3 8 ' O ] r P O d A O Y U Y Y O l D l I ) 3 D ] o o r l l L o
3 r l I I D r D 3 1 1 1 ( 1 1 \ ( ' ) ' : / 0 I l 0 3 n o u 1 \ ( l ) ] o X d o D I D r i A ] 3 Q D d D u n o o t ; J ' ( A
I I U I O U 9 d 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 9 1 n o , I t \ ! ' : ' 3 2 ) d : ' 3 j o X d o 3 r t
: ' c ; J y 3 1 1 1 3 3 1 ) 3 ' D l U I 9 l D X d D I I U l D
O ) D O r i U O U Y Y 9 1 I 0 X ) 3 n O l i : ' 3 ] o X d D 3 1 ) 3 1 0 1 A 9 Y
1 0 ' o r t o l l 9 O X 1 0 I 0 ) 1 / \ D 1 1 3 Q n o u : ' 1 1 O l J
9 U D ) 3 l D 1 3 1 1 0 Q 3 X ! 3 U n o u I I c ; J Y y O U
U l O ' l I o d 3 1 ( 1 3 \ 7 ' o d t ; J X 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 9 1
D l O l X 9 y 3 n o u : ' 3 Q 9 1 y l X m A 0 1
- D r l 9 I 1 0 ' l I o l c ; J d U ' n O j A o y 1 3 3 y n O I I I U l D l i D O
D l o r l A 9 d u O ( 1 Q ' 1 O < P 9 d A o w o r i i l Q ' n O j r l l l l D l u 3 1 1 0 U
n O l 1 0 l A 9 Y 1 0 ) 3 1 0 0 u n
: ' D o o t ; J y A : , L l l O l A 9 Y l 3 3 y 0 1 1 1 9 9 d 3 1 1 D < P 1 O I I j 3
' D J A o y o < p d o r l U I O l A 9 y 1 3 3 y 0 1 : ' ( T J j d n > l n o u 0 1 l 3 r l 9 1 1 1 O < P O i l
D I I D e
0 1 9 U D O O D t ; J y A I I U l D n o u
- o g 0 1 3 r l : ' 1 1 3 r l n O O ] U O I 1 1 3 O i l I I V '
D I I I I n O I l ] 3 1
( O d l l l ) l I l U I U 0 3 d j 0 3 3 3 r l ) o d < ; J X 0 1 l ( T J < P 9 I 1 U W 3 1 1 0 1 3 D
I I U l D 1 0 1 0 1 3 .
n O l : , o o o < ; J y A - - g L 6 0 1
: ' < ; J - : ' U r l U 0 1 U 3 : ' U l : ' U l
U r l l L o ] U 3 1 1 3 Q 1 1 9 o A d 3 j d 3 U 0 1 3 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 ) ' : , n O l
0 1 9 U O : , n O l O i l o l A : ' 3 1 3 e 9 u o o d u : ' 3 Y 9 A 3 r l 1 I 0 y o g
n o u ' : , u d 9 X n r h 0 : ' ( T J U 9 : , n o I l 3 r i ( 1 o A u o d u : , n O l 3 r l l L o
- 3 8 j l 1 1 0 3 0 ' : , n O U ( 1 1 : , n o 1 A 9 Y : , n O l D l L o 9 l D 9 1 3 > 1 d o
O l r i 3 0 U l ; J e O l n , : , o o o < ; J y A I I U l D O d 3 1 9 A l y
: ' U l : ' O l r i 1 I ( T J 1 I 9 1 1 0 > l l I ( T J l l L o o ] o n o d o u
I I U l D O d 3 1 9 0 0 l d 3 U u Q j y y n Q J O I I 1 0 1 d l n O l H
' 9 L 6 0 1 9 u o l I o l D 1 X 9 y n O l O j 3 y O X o O l D O r l l L o j U 3 l D l ] 3 l O U
- o r i m u d X : ' 0 J o u o : , l t l ' u Q j y y n Q J o l l 1 0 1 d 1 n O l ( j l j ) l l l o r l u g
j l j 1 ) U 1 0 > 1 0 Y 9 d
' l L o o d 9 3 y U l U 0 1 l ( T J Q J 9 1 Q o d 0 1 ' 0 l 1 l 9 d X O d 3 1 9 3 1 1 0 1 0
O j 3 1 U e U U I I ( T J
- ] 3 X 1 O l D l I ( T J l : ' 3 1 1 1 0 A 9 d o u J O W V ' , l I t ; J l
- l y o u r i n o l I < ; J l y O U 1 I ( T ) l U l : , o d u
' n 0 1 D C ! l I l A o o l d >
- D d A o g I V ) O U o d l 1 1 0 1
I I O l n O , " 1 0 . n O l O D D ' ! ' y A l l l u 1 0 "
n O l n O Y ( 9 ) n O l
" 0 2 0 ' 1 I ' ! ' 1 9 " ' ! ' d l O 1 I ' ! J . m y
1 I ' ! ' 1 1 0 > O D D ' ! J y A 3 " O ! " O > I I O X J 3 A 3 Q
O l l l n o d 9 U O i l o l A
1 0 > Q U O 0 2 9 Y V 3 n o u
1 0 1 . 0 > : > o A d n o u A
3 X J 3 0 ) 0 n O l o d o l l
- Q O 0 1 O U O 3 0 ' ! ' V Q A 3 "
0
n O l Q U O ! o Y V O U : > C ' l U Q .
Aoyia. Eniolle; KOToOKUOOTIlKOV, 010 Iltoou Tile;
1lT0<PPOOlle; TOU OVTLOTOlXOU OpOU, KOIVOUple; AAIlVIK8e;
onWe; aUTOKivT)w, OIOT)p6i5P0j.10C;, 6paXUKU-
KlIwj.1a, yparpE:IOKpaTia, KOl 11 OIOOIKOOlO
tX1 OUVXIOTl KOI OTOV 200 Ol., 11 onwe; oworT)j.10nllolO.
To "lln0<PPOOTlKO OOVIO 0llwe; OV nploplOTIlKOV OE: 1l1l0Vwlltve;
nOllnoMo lVOI TO "<PPOOTIKO oaVIO, onou 1110 <PPOOIl
11 0Il1l00[O KOTO ana ilia yAwooa
(AoyoC; OE: nllwraia av611uOT) , OE: KaeT)j.1E:pIVr, 6aoT), K.An.).
KOIVOUPIO <PPOOTIKO MVlo K08E: w:po OXoov
OTIe; E:AAIlVIK8e; <PIlIlpioe;.
01 AOYIOI TOU 190u Ol. va TIe; nOAunAIl-
6le; npOE:AUOE:We; nou XPIlOIllonolouvTOV OTllv
yAwOOO KOt 8WPOUVTOV KIlALOE;e; nou OIlOUPWVOV Til yAwooa TOU
Au8pou AAllVIKOU 88voue;.'ETaI nOAA8e; TOUp-
npOAUOWe; nou XPllOlllonOIl 0 MOKpUyIOVVlle;
tXOUV OVTlKOTOOT06l ana nou IT npotpxoVTOl
ana TO 0PXO[O MllVIKO IT KOTOOKUOOTIlKOV 11 op-
XOloMllVIK8e; nx aOKi:pl (orpaTOC;), (aipi:OE:C;
(np0j.1rjeE:/E:e;), KlOTrje; (OE:llloe;), opoi (oTpaTonoo), oVTa<;
(owjJClTIo), raaoiTT)e; (KaTaoKonOe;), xa(ipl (i:Wlj.10), xaf-
vT)C; (npoOOTT)e;) KOI xaljJT) (rpulIaKrj). EivOl VOIKTIKO Tile;
mTUXloe; TWV Aoyiwv OTI OAe; OUTEe; 01 (IlEOO O
nopv8EOIe;), 01 onOle; IT ov K086Aou iT
TAlWe; OYVWOTe; OTll nAIOVOTllTO
TWV TOU 1821, EXOUV K081pw8i nponoMou.
01 AOYIOI KOTop6woav WLOfle; va
nounp08pxoVTOV anaTIe; OUTlKoupwno'iK8e; yAwO-
oe; Il OVOOTflIlEV<; VTAWe; KOIVOUpIe; AAIlVIKte; AE-
ETaI TO KOUjJE;PKI TE:AwvE:!o, 0
j.11viOTpOe; EYIV unoupyoc;, TO KOVTpaj.1naVW
OTIlK O AaepE:j.1nOplO OKOIlO KOI II rpoj.1illw rpaj.1E:Ala)
OE; OlKOyi:VE:W. OAAe; nplnTWOIe;,
0IlWe;, 01 AOYIO\ antTuxov va !BOAOUV TOUe; VEOAOYI-
O;'IOUe; TOUC;, onwc; TO iT"pWKE:lI!e; KOI TO AOIj.10i5i:TT/<;, 01
onOlO\ OV UOOKlllllOOV OTIlV YAWOOO KOI OV
KOTOp8woov vaKToniaouv TO navnllovi KOl TO ypa6ara.
01 OAAOY8e; nou 01l1lIW811KOV OTIl 1l0P<P0AOY[0 TllC;
yAWOOOC; OVIXVUOVTOI 11 npIOOOTPll OUOKoALa, KOSWC;
Ov IlnOPOull va 6001OTOUIl noVTo OTIC; nOAOlOTPC; TIfl-
y8e;. YnoPXouv 0IlWC; anaTIC; opxtc; TOU 190u Ol.
OTi OTIl TOU nAllSUVTlKOU TO 0POVlKO
OUOIOOTIKO O -Tl)e; Ov TOV TOVO OTIl Myouoo
(6ploKoull Tunouc; onwc; TWV KMrpTWV KOl TWV tPava-
PlWTWV O KlIlVO onou onooLonoi mOTo 11
yAwOOO ana AOyLOUC;, onwe; 0 ASOVOOlOC; XptOTOnOUAoc;)'
o X. (1880-1666, 1892-1693),
o TOU 190u 01. TOU 01
TOU '60, 01 ono;ol, TOU hooYPCIjlOU
N. r. TO ;;Pyo unoi
Spou TpOyou15l, ;;TOI KOIVOUPIO
onou oUYXWVUOTOV nopOOo-
TOU
o KOI 0 tYPOl\lov KOI
0 0 K08IOTWVTOC; IKav" va
a 01.0 TO TOU hoyoTXVIKou hOyou. 1\1.1.01, ouy-
0 KO' 0
vo Ko8apuouao aTO TOU
tpyou, vw 01 151cAoYOI TWV hOYKwv TOUe; CK'l'tpo-
VTOI a yAwoao TOV TOTllKO ,1510;T-
To npwTonoplaKo TOU t15woc
Tllo,,<; KOI yhwooa<;, 6nf.le; tylv
opyoTcpa KOI TOV <!If.lTOypacp'Ko ApXio E.II.I.A.).
n. MllPAITF1I.KAl

239
o BCVI(tAOt; j1Crarppa(CI f)ouKuoioq. 'Epyo TOU
Mtaa aTO cBvl-
lTOU 0 TO
1910 KaJ
1010 XPOVIO a
aTDXo
cKlTaiocu0'l, KOI a Kal 0
arrOOKOTlOUOav aTOV CK-
TaU CKauyxpovl-
CV OljlCI
anoia TlpoYlJo-
TaU
1912-13). To vto TOU 1911lTcplcixc, yla
rrpwT'l <jlopO, tva cMcplo nou cTII8c6aiwvc TO

To 1917, Drav 0
1i16ploc
KOJ CKnol
KOI tTOI I) ylo.wooo OPXIOC va
OJOOOKlOl TOU (1)-
IJIO OCIPO vto avayvwalJaro. H ylo.wo
ao-cKTJOtOCUTlKi') ovoarolo.61)KE IJc
i')no rou TOU 1920,
KOI TO vto OVOyVWOT1KO H
auvExiOTI)KE KCTO TI)V TlEpiooo
1928-32,.6TOV 0 avtlo.a8 KOI nolo.l rrpw-
0 CVW EVE86ppUVE
IiEv typa<jl 0 aTI)
TI) TOU 00UKUliiol) T'lV typaljlE aE
aTll.li K08apEuouaa, I) onoio TlO-
AU avera olilJcpa.
TOLJTO TO nou avn6a[VC;1 npOe; TOUe; KaVaVC;e; Kal HIe;
apxaiae; Kal Tile; OUYXpOVlle; Oc:iXVC;1 on 0 TunOe;
(K}.erpTWV, aJavaplWTWV) EXC;I oLOp8w8c:i Til
Tile; apxa[ae;. 0 TunOe; Tile; TOU C;VIKOU OC; -roc; ana ouobc;pa
oUOlaOTIKo oc; -pa (rou npayparoe; aVTi TOU ma npo-
CPOPIKOU Tunou IOU npajJarou) anOTc;Ac:i G.MO Eva OTOlXC;(O nou ma-
vlmlX811 OTllv YAwooa C;[TC; ana TllV apxa[a c:iTe ana TllV
Ka8apc;uouoa. 'Eva c;vOlatpov napG.olwa anoTAc;[ Kalil KAiOT'J TWV
811AUKWV oUOlaOTIKwv anWC; T) Ku6EpVT)OT). nMQl6Tc;pa 11
yAwooa TunoUe; 6nwc; T)/rT) 6arpnoT), TT)C; 86noT)C;, ol/nc;
6arpTlOec;. Kavc:i<; OC;V ana TT'Jv KAiOT'J
T)/TT)V Ku8t:pvT)oT), TT)C; KuBt:pvT)oT)C;, ol/nc; KU8c;pvrjOC;IC;, TWV Ku8epvrj-
oewv, anou Ol Tunol TOU C;VIKOU npoEPXOVTQl ana Tllv
napaoooll, vw 01 Tunol TOU nA118uvnKou OTllv npoopIKr']
yAwooa axnlKG. np6oma ana Tllv Ka8apc;uouoa' aunj 11 KA1OT'J, AOl-
nav, anoTc;Ac:i napaoc;lwa U6pIO[OU nou c;mTuxw<;
O111v yAwooa' XPC;IG.0111KC; KQlpa<; Yla va Y[V1 YC:VIKO
anooc;KTr']. nplV ana TPIOVTO xpavla 01 nc;plooaTpol
'EAAllvC;<; EAc;yav TT)C; Ku6epvrjowc; KQlOXI TT)C; KuBtpvT)oT)C;.
Til O1OlXc:iwv ana Tllv naAQlG. npoopIKr'] yAwooa Kal
ana Til AaYla napG.oooll TT'J KQl 0111
oluTa TOU WVOAOYIKOU Tll<; KOIVr']<; YAWO-
oae;. Evw Ta XT Kal T OC;V
240
OTIlV OPXO[O Kat OTIlV K060pE:UOUOO, TO OE: OU-
KT, XB, rpB Kat OX onOK'\elOVTaV ana
TIlV OKpO[O TOU 4JUXOPIl KOI TWV onoowv
TOU, arlllE:PO 111'\011 Yla TO O{xTU TWV l(Jop60wv
Kat TO GlOIlPOOPOlltKO OiKTUO Tile; EMoooe;. KatTO
OUO OUOlOOTIKO (oiXTU Kat oiKTuo) npOEPXOVTOI
ono TIlV [010 oPxo[a oMoTO npWTO K'\IlPO-
OTIl Nto 1lE: TE:'\elWe; UGlKO
Tpono, Iltoo omS TIlV nop60oGll, E:VW
TO OE:UTpO OTIlV y'\WOOO ana
Til '\oYlO nopooooll Tllv 1010
Kat oluTonopOTIlPOUIlE: Kat OTO
Yll KOTOrp!;pVW - KOTarpE:pO Katj.1E:TQrpipw - j.1E:TrpE:p0
(TO OE:UTE:PO 1lE: TO npcllTo ovou-
TEToia m60vov va
TO 1800 OTllv y,\wooo, oMo11
pE:UOUOO KQl 11 TOU 190u at. E:mXE:iPIlOOV
E:ITE: TO nptllTo E:iT TO OL!TPO ana TO Mo
aUTO
'A'\'\o OTOlXE:la nou 1l0PTUpOUV TIlV en[opooll Tile;
Y'\WOOoe; OnOTE:'\OUV 11 TOU E:VE:OTWTO
(T) OnOlTOUj.1VT) OKpi6E:1O) KOI 0 ovoom'\OGlOOIlOe; OE: 0PIOIlEVOUe;
TunOUe; TIle; TOU napOKIIlVOU (rrWE:LOj.1!;VOC;) ,nouXPIlGlIlO-
nOlouvTOt OTIlV y'\WOOO nITO ana 1500Xpovwv onou-
oio anaTOV npooplKO,\oyo.
K06o-
va
TunolTOU nou enlKpoToUV n,\tovOTllv onwe; TO
fJ[}..ayo (OVTl fJ1}..OUOO) Kat KoBoVTOUOOV (OVTI Ko80VTOV, K.O.), onOVIO
OE: KelllE:VO nplvana TOV 200 Ol., KOI oKollaKOl
ov txouv YiV1 YE:VlKO onooKTol OE: 0'\E:e; ne; nE:ploxte; Tile; E'\'\o-
00<;, onwe; n.X OTIl 8eaoo'\oviKIl. ElVat xapoKTIlPlOTIKO on11 ypoll-
TOU TpIOVTO<jlUMIOIl iT oYVOE:i TOUe; TunoUe; OUTOUe; elTE:
TOUe; OVO<jltP1 1l0VO OE: uno0111lE:IWOE:Ie;, mXlpWVTOe; ovpo(0'\,\6
1l0TOlO) va TOUe; nOpOIlE:p[OE:l. '000 YIO TOV nOpOKelllE:VO, Ol TunOI
!;Xw 1lE: anaptllOTo (!;XW !;pBE:I) KOI oUToi opKno 0l(J11l0
OTllv y'\wooa. Mo'\ovonOUTOe; 0 OXIlIlOTlOIlOe; TOU
nOpOKE:lllVOU onlv n'\onovvlloo TOV 140 at., TOV
OUVOVTQIl no'\u onovlO O KIIlVO TOU 190u QI (ov
OUT ilia opo, '\oyOU x6PIl, OTO ypomo TOU ivloKPUYlOVVll), AKOIlO
KOl OV XPIlGlIlOnOlelTOl O no'\Me; OIO,\tKTOue;, onwe; n.x.
OTIlV OTIlV Kat OTIlV (OTO 608110,
6t6010,nou oUTte; 01 OIO'\E:KTOl nopolltvouVoV8nIlPtoOTe; ana Tllv
y'\wooa).
ntpaanaTI<; TE:pOOTte; Ola<jlope; nou Tllv K060pE:uou-
00 TOU 190u Ol. ana Til y'\wooo, 01 op80ypa<jllKte;
IlnoppU81l[01e;,nou tYlVOV KOTO KatpOUe; (11 KOTOPYIlGll TWV nVUIlO-
TWV KOl TIle; no'\uTOV[Oe;, K08we; KOl 0PlolltV8e;
npOKO'\OOV KI OUTte; XOOIlO OVOlleaoOTllv IKOVO TIle; EMllvl-
TOU 1821 Kat TIle; y'\WOOoe; AUTO TO XOOIlO
TOlxoypa'lllo<; TaU 0eo<jllllou (B6110e;, KI-
TOOU To tpyaTOU lIa','Kou Geo<jllllou
(1873-1934) ev80uoiaaav TOUe; oUYYPo<jleie; yev,ae; TaU
'30, onwe; TOUe; "01 01 o"oiOi TO 8ew'
pouoov oVTloTOIXO TWV tpywv TWV vOI<jl nou tylvav
KOI OTIe; "pwTeuouoee; Eu-
OTOV Mcaonollq,o.f>cv eivOi Tuxolo OTI TOV 0eo<jllllo TOV
ovaKollu<j;c" tvo<; TaU nap'Olou, a Ther;-
ade- la TaU 8co<jllllou,
'l'aVToola TaU Kal ana
u,,018pou,
nou ae TOV OOTIKO TaU
"ar TaU ovra"oKpIVOTOV OTIC;
yevlae; TaU '30. 01 ouyypa'l'cic; aUToi n,xelpouoav va ou-
yKcpaoouv OTolxeia ana TO
rcllcuToia Tile; 1I0yoTexvioe;
Antpp,ojJalf yllwaaa TOU Ka'
TaU KapuwTOKIl TO noll.\6 Ka8apcuovOlOV'KO OTOlxcic Kal
yllwoaa OTIl
alllla tva
navToaTOTumKO Tile;
o
To YloIIIO TaU K. n. E.fI.l.A.).
241
..
:J:
UI"-!-_
. .:,'..../'No 1v,a ayapce; aae;
,. r '\:"
/
o H/Y anoTlId loWe; TIl0 mi15pa-
aTie; aMe; vllwaae; TOU 'OX' 0'
TWV HIY nollu uKolla va
ayylllKoue; TxVIKOUe; apOUC; (n.x. chip, software, fife, format),
MqvIKtc; 11 oyylllKtc; (nx aKavapw) :<al
'l'POaTiKO MVlo ana TO oyyll'KO (n.x. Tp{;XW {;vo rrpoypoppo),
ollila, av KOI unopxouvK15oalC; TWV KUp'WV a
noMtc; yllwaae;, nolllloi 1518vwC; npo-
YPOI'I'OTO aTaonoia0' 0' VTalltc;, Ka8wc; KOi olio oaa
;VOI 01'0 ayyAIKo. '0TIE-
p,aaoTpo ull'KO nou 6piaKTOI 01'0 internet dVOI ypol'l'tvo
K' aUTO aTO ayyll'KQ. rAwaae; nou TOVOUe; KOI
011110 6,aKp'T'Ka anwe; 'l KO' q ypa-
'l'ovTa, nro 6iJaKoilo aTOV HIY ana O,T' 'l 0
I"0C; yllwaaoc; anWC; 'l KO, q 0' onole;
TO 1I0TlVIKa np6a8cro

y[VETal avpo ana TT'lV avnnap68OIl OUO KOOXWV voe; anoano-
ano TOV LlloAoyo TOU Il npwTIl oiv1 TIlv IKova nou
TO napouoiao O1Ilv TOU KOOOT] (1859), vw Il OUTPll
OiXV1 KOl op80ypalKo
Kat aUTale; 1'1 lVOl n'(010le;, Tale; onO]Ole; 5pioKIe;
BooKonouAa, onou OEV lVOl yuvalKa va
Ka! Xl 'e; POXil TOU xpovoue; OlQKOOlOUe;
Kal aUTe; 01 iVOl Ol [Ole;, Te; onOle; 5ploKIe;
\lVll Tll BooKonouAa, nOlTwa, onou ov iVOl yuvalKa va
KOl X! oTll pOXll TOU xpovoue; olaKoolOUe;.
I\iye; upwnaIKe; YAWooe; TOoO op80ypa-
IKe; aMaye; O TOoO oUVTOIlO XPOVlKO oloonwa
TAlwvovTOe;, 8a va oTO aywvIWOe;
5p[oKTOI 11 yAwooa O Kpioll;
'EXl y[Vl KOlVOe; TonOe; va AYTOl KOl va ypa.TOI OTI 11
YAwooa KIVOUVUI a. ano TIlv aouva\lla Tile; va aVTOywvLOTi Tll
TT)e; 5. ana Tllv
wv nou 0llvw811Kav oTO oW\la Tlle; xwpie; va wvo-
AOyiKo KOl oTOUe; KaVOVe; HIe; (aaavoep, vOlAov,
rropKlv, KO/-JrrlOlmp, KAn.), Kal y. ana TOUe; iOloue; TOUe; Tlle;,
loiwe; TOUe; voue;.
E[VOl avpo On 010 ooov 11 ouvXio1 va lvOl
naYKoo\lIWe; 11 KupiaPXll yAwooa, OAO Kat nploOOTPOI 'EMllVe; (KOI
0XI \lOVO) 8a unoXPWVOVTat va YIVOUV OiyAWooOI, XPllOl\lonOIWVTOe;
TrjV Yla TllV EnIKOlVWvia \l TOV (iT OLOnpoowmKO
iT OlQ\loOU TOU OlaOIKTUOU TWV llAKTpOVIKWV unoAoyLOTWV) KOl Tll
TOUe; yAwooa Yia TllV EnIKOiVWvia TOUe; TOUe;
EivOl avanOUKTO 11 yAwooa va oXTi OTOUe; KOA-
noue; TT)e; onwe; Xl OUIl6i ana Tllv anw-
Tpll apXatOTJlTa \lXPI Ol'I\lpa. '000 Yla Tll Tlle; ana Tll va
YVIO, XW Tllv vTunWOll on 01 nplooon:pOI VOI ivat OlyAWo-
001, \l Tllv VVOIO on ouo OLOAKTOUe; Tlle;
Tll Tll XPllOl\lOnOlOUV one; nape; LOUe; Il oJ-.Aa nOlOIO Tlle;
llAIK1ae; TOUe;, vw TllV oMll Tll UAOOOOUV YLO ne; KQTa.MllAe; nDI-
O1Oole; (OTOV OUVO\lIAOUV \l KallO[We; OTOV ypoouv).
Eivat, WOTOOO, oniOLWe; 01 VOI ana Ola.-
opa npOPXO\lva ana TllAOnTlKa. KavoAla (MllVIKO Kal
TO 6[VT0, Tll pOK Kal YVIKO Tllv 610\ll1xa-
via KOUAToupae;, 11 onola nap6y1 tva 018ve; ana
nOAlTlOTIKO npoIovTO npooplo\lva Yla TOUe; vEoue;, oTllv npoano8lo
Tlle; va TOUe; olaopwv Kat 100-
AOylKWV Ot KTUAWTII(Ee; KOl vaMaooo\lVe;
a01pama[a TOXUTllTa IKOVe; nou np06a.MoVTOl OTII 080Vll
(TV KOl HIY) Kal 01 a\liA1KTO KKwavTIKol
Tlle; oUyxpOVlle; anIAouv 0Xl Tllv yAwooa,
OAAO KOl OAe; TIe; YAWOOe; -lowe; KOl TllV Au8p[o Tlle; av8pwmvlle;
OKE4Jlle; ;a,
242
TiJv piurrv ollov, v,v Uyw, nov "ai
rwv ipou).r,Orrv otrtypaqJwv VIi (Jalliow,
olon iOEWpT/Oa i<ai OEW{!W on iv rfi /lio!l 000 "EiYCa!
ra loin alpavij apia rift; y).Wool1', til' oull'
fl/llCOPOU/lV va /ll/ OiJ..w/lV, va i<aravrrjUTJ f] J,qJ.OU/lrnl
i<ai f] 1'gaqJo/li:l'TJ y).wooa Ilia xai f] aimj. 1 ]l1uJr'lpov
onol ,TJ,iorot TWV 1JlJETipwv ),o1'[wv, YOT/rwo/ll'OI uJro
rijt; avaYVQ)OQ), rwv aTTlIaiiy otrlYpaqJiwv, xai Jraga-
ij olt1'WPOUv1t; TOV xapaxTljpa Tijt; yJ.wo-
(1I1t; rwv, rfi; ooou rauT1/t;,
bri TO am.x6ugov riJv yJ.wooav TWV,
Wt; til' /jiv qual' oi alo),oow{!w/loi T1Jt; MT/VtIJ/lOi. [ . J
i\JJ! 6T/?OJrOt; O{jTOt; TOU rooov bThol'aov,
(/)01 "ai trw, til' xai TOV iJva1'xlioOllv, Wt;
t',Tlx/?arrjoavra Jrapa roft; )"I1'[OIt;, va TOV lii<o),ouO,jow
JrO)).liXlt; ..raga Ta, allXat;, Ii.OEwpw /leivat; i,,/Ii,. :4.)).a
naAt" ro J.iyw, TO "/lq JrE/?alrtgw" qJail'ETat ogOiJv "ai
oomjplov .'TapayyEJ.pa, cr/.I pE(Jaiw. w, ;rpot; rov JT),OUTt-
OPOI' rift; !!omj; yj.WOOTJt;, 'int; xaJ.ov va
aq;{)ovw. Ex TWV 81JOaupwv rijt; JTa),aui" aN.' Wt; JrPOt;
rol'P1Jxav/o/lov xai rOI' itlr.wnopov TIlt;. [ ... J"II y)jjjooa
iVa! "rifpa olou rou {OVOUt;, xai 0001' elval
TO 18l'1xov rouro xrij/la, TOOOV
Oq'ETf)lorT,t; ivai 0 /laaKmwv xai aUro
xara riJv v rou.
I:1tllglOlllvTQlZOUltll"
1oropia rift;'EUrrvlX,/t; "ElwvaoraoEWt;, '1 88.
lIJlELt; OUrE rou xuoai"O/lOU uvvr]i'OPO! OUOC:r01 f'-/EVOpt:-
iJa, ouu Y),WOUIXOI' iraorrjgwv iorrjoaJlf:I', aUlJT1lflWt;
rout; Jraga(Jaivovrat; roUt; rt:Oivrat; OE-
O/lOUt;, a)),a /lET' f'1-;'l'Wf/OoUVTJt; aJrollE7,of/cvOl mioat; nit;
briTO piJ.nov ,'Ivo/livat; tit; rqv 1'J.wooav Jlaaf!puO/lilJElt;
i-Tf!oaJra8rjoap.v, 0001' ivijv, va /l1/l'l0W/lCV ci rl xaJ,Dv
i,,(}iva/lv, alpivoVTt:t; TOVt; %!lEirrovat; va ra
xa}).u.or(}a /jf uU1'YI'WfI1JV ti, avw TIlt;
aOEiat; rij<; lEat; Exo}.ijt;, Erp(}oVljua/lv Jravrou iJ-n,
bE/.Oi} lTliaa 1'J.waoa iv yiva ioriv avravtixJ.aalt; rijt;
vOljaEWt;, :lWI'TOt; {OVOUt; 1'}.waaa rooouroY yiveral uhl-
OTif!II, oaol' Ii (llaVOI/TV"'; aurou I>'IVU/l,t; iJr! /iiiUov ava-
:lTrvaaTat. TowiJT7J y).woaa tlrav f] 1'lojoaa rwl'IZt!xaiwv
[.. ] 'H 1'UiJooa aml/, bi JroVour; aiwl'at; ;l!ai
xar' tiJrigavrov uraarv laJ.I/OELau, ilap" /jrarpot!out;
Cfiaaw; r...J;Lrogpow xai l;';roara1'/la U1"
rourwl' Jrgouxu1pv iJ OlJlIE{}nriJ y}jjjaaa, ixou-
au }.a/IJrgOrara }.ci1pava rijt; tl.r!xaiat; xaJ).ovr/c;, aj.iiz xai
lTol),ouc; pU:lTOUc;, ;TOJMC; r!.0l:rll'iat; xai JroJ.lovt; 5l'1-
al'OIIt; bri rwv l.govOJv rijc; tiJrarJwaiac; Jr{!ooltlpovaa.
fouro forr,. i"-'Cjt.XOI' YEYOVOC; aVal'Tif!gtJrol',
Ttl. Eovrona, 1853.
ayyEia Tav IOUTOO
KOI MoucrEio
248
rTA XPONIA TOY ArONA
H KAGAPEYOYIA fiI EnlIHMH rAnIIA
METO TrlV OnEAEU8epWOll TO enPnE vo oPyovw8d KOTO ra
npOTuno KQl va 8eOEI YIO TTlV KOI-
Kat TOU flO va
o80uv 01 KOI enPnE va
OUYKPOTll8d va OVO-
KOI XOPTl OTO
TOU 11 OloaoKOAio TOU nEpi ooou, nopo
dXE Y[VEI Tl 01001-
Kooia TOU Kat
ana TllV opxoio YAWOOO epyo nou anQlTOUOE Til
AEnTWV looppomwv.
TOU ano TllV
0 Kat 2nuplowv
(1788-1873). TTlV '/oTOpia Tfie; 'EltltT/V1Kfie; 'ErmvaoTa-
OEWe; TOU 1853), 0 EnavaAO\-l6aVE
OTt 11 vea yAwooa npenEI va ono
0Xl Kat va avaYKOOTIKO
Av 11
Yla TTl TOU
OTTlV unEpOanlOT] TWV Kopa'iKWV 8EOf:WV anooEI-
X8TlKE 0 (nEp. 1785-1872).
'Orav 0 (1806-1868) OTIlv
TO <1>UMOOIO TOU 'H NEa LxoA1) TOO ypaepoj.1E:VOU ltoyou
ii civciomOle; Tfie; cipxaiae; E:AAT/V1Kfie;


Tfie;
1835)
yltwOOT/e; E:VVOOUj.1E:VT/e; uno navTwv
(1853), TO ono[o
TO YAWOOIKO npo-
TOU 0
TOU
(G. <DiAmno Iwovvou,
GE60wpo MavouOT]), 8EWPTlOE
TOU va KauTllPloOEl, avwvu-
TOU 20UTOOU.
(Ta LOUTO/Q).
Tov 6a8\-liciio Ka8apIO\-lo' KQl

avaAa\-l6ovouv 01 MYlol KQl 101a1TE-
pa 01 2TQ OEV
0 napaoo-
aAAo
KQl 01 VQAOYlO\-lOl,
ollfllOUPYOUVTQl Yla TTlV
PTTlOTl KalvouPYIWV YVWOTlKWV ovaYKwv
nou veo
vOTl\-la. 2TOV aUTO
11 TOU <DavapIWTTl 2KOpAOTOU
VTlOU (1798-1878). OUVTOKTTl TOU
KaB' "'j.1ae; E:MT/V1Kfie; OWUKTOU
KQl TOU 'EMf7vIKOO Kat raMI-
KOO 1846). 0 K
niOTu
OTl II yAwooa Sa
OTllv apxaia Tile;
uno TllV
Evvola TOU OUOTllflaTlKOU
OUAAEKTll VEOAOYlOflWV, un-
0 KQl nOAu-
npayflwv AOplavounoA1Tlle;
AOYlOe; LTE<jJavOe; Koufla-
VOUOlle; (1818-1899). M Ta
Epya TaU
aBf7oaupioTWV tvTOle; i;},},f7vl-
KOle; 1893) KQl
vtwv uno TWV
},oyiwv n},aoB lOwv ana Tf)C; 'AMJ-
O We; J.1E:XPI TWV KaB' xpovwv
1900) a KouflavouollC; "Tllv
KaAAlEpYla nou olE8nav Ol nploooTPOl A6ylOl,
Til O noooTllTa Kat nOloTllTa TOU SVIKOU
y[ou (M.
Tllv npoc; TIC; TWV Kalpwv
Tllv TO Kal
opoAoyiac;. KOIVOC; 0 Ka8aplofi0C; TT1C; yAwooac; ana
ne; KQl II TOUe; ana apxa1e;
nAaofiEVe; KaTa TO apxaio TUnLKO (I\. naA60Ka-A. KOUflA6-
cD. Iwavvou, 'OV0J.1GTO},0yIOV vauTIKov, 1858' ip.
2.KWO},0yIOV oTpanwTIKov, 1870). LTOV TOfiEa aUTO npo-
0pOfi1KOe; a pOAOe; TaU HnlpwTll NlKoAaou nanaoonouAou
(1769-1820), K06Tll TaU nOAUToflOU EPYOU 'EPJ.1f)C; 6 KE:p0!jJoC;,
E:yKuK},onGL5E:ia (Bvnia1815-1817), yvvaia npoona8la
va Ka8aplOTl TO finoplKO ana opOue; fi
TauToXPoVll TOUC; ana KaSauTo
A, (1818-1899).
"Iva puIJpunJ[i vu).wr; i] yJ.o)(Jua, aJWIULTaI 'va {!VO,Il-
aOfj Il'pWOOV i} xOLvwvia, 'va lTp'/panaIJ[iiIJVlxovll'VE:iJpa,
'va avapavwul Jrpo mlvcwv UVYY{Japd.. rwv
oJroiwv i] povua, brevt/lyovuaapiuwr;iJririjr;yMiJUUTJr;,
avavcOvtl Tllr; aJC1Wl.aLWI'f:var; i4lr;, lroJ.J.Toypaq;f
iDJ.ar; viar;, YOVll'OJCOlt Ta ayovam:f!a airrwv /l4!T/,
rit all'opr1m'{Ja, paa;colETL-ti TO apl'0vUlOv TO:
TpaxVr!1a, XItIJiUTl/UlV, tviJ.OY(ll, U,V y)jjjuuavu,vOtcoi-
av y),wuuav ll'avriJr; rOJrov, Jravro,X(lO'
vou xai JraUTJr; rixvrJr;. [, .. ] To /)IUlJlilIJlf:vOV Jrepi TO
aX{Jalpvir; rijr; yJ,WUUTJr; bi-v c:lvc "I.UTJIJEf!lvijr; 'TOmr;:
mav i] Jrati5cia xaidr;rar;IJllo{)cwr4!ar;xai
i!yarlXar; rastlr; xai i} avayvwmr; yivy xOLl'OrE(!a, [, ..)
TOU [uwr; 0Jrc(!i rirv y).iiJuultv KaOi!(J1UIIOr; (Ptlrisme)
'lJi:v dVE iiro:tor;, tiJJ.a xai rorc a"o/l11 .:roll"i rijr;
XIt!}' i}piir; ;cpow [... ] va Jr(JOTlI'WVCat TWV
apl.aioyv.
_X(lAa1:0,
AC5lXOv'EJJ,T/VIXOV"atraV.LXOV,AOiJm1846.
Tc tpyo 'EplJijt; 6 KcpocfJct;, ijrol f:WTOpIKij f:yKu-
KAol1alOcia (BcvcTlc 1815-1817) cllcTcAci vcvvcic IlPOCTIc,
BClc vc KoBcplOTcl TO AC!;IMYlo oIT6

BPMH::5 0 KEP
,
Jl,T 0 1
EMnOPTKH ErKTKAOnAIA.ElA
NIK.OAAOT IlA.lIA.6.0llOTAO'l'
lA npoTPOrUu UIilAlWilU:
TOT '1:')tIOT
ElUlOPrxoy.
N
n"....l Nlla".... rj1l:II T-:' D! IC..unn,Sc. ..
I a ,5.
rEOPiIOl:A. XPIHO",",OYJ\OY
249
rTA XPONIA TOY ArONA
o KA9APIIMOI TOY AEEIAOrlOY
KWV(HOVTivo<; KoVTo, (1834-1909), a
TOU 190u 01. vo,
I.ou, oH6 OUTOn/KOU Ko8
KOI TWV Ko80pol.oywv, auvrlv oKoualo
TOU TOU
Hmoypo<jlio TOU ::. (novlTI-

o KA8APII,vrOI TOY 1811
11 lCa{Joiiua cptAoJ.Oyoo, EtpT/,IC(Ji, laf4Jri:vEl xara
Jrl!wrov a(!,Ptv bta lCgOT:goJT:ii. xai ri:vaJ,wparwv tv pipEt
rfi. tv BOIr,eovgwrirp vEOUVUTaOd07/, <{JtJ.oJ.,oytxij. P,TaL-
pda, roD 'EJJ.qvLXOV Al.w:iov, ni. Inroia. (T)(oJror; TWiL
de; ro va {jibn EwqufLe; tp/lQ).oyLxa" avarp!!!opil'a, xvpiw,
El, f(l, YVWUEI' rwv 'EJrrUTT/pwv xai TWV ,'r/aOqoHvv, d.
rae; rii. iJJ.1)vrxije; yhiJo01]q, Ei. rirv JrapaX-
h/J.iav rwv cppaoEwv xai iliuvparwv rij. vEwripa, paa
rli. JraJ.au'i, I/ai Ei. rov ;,aOapwpOv aim;. rii'l'cwr4Ja.
AOYlQc;' EfJPii., L 1.1811.
o KA8APm\1QITOY 1898
OpoJ.OY1Jriov bi nag(J1]ui(l- on 'EJJ.1]v,x1J 1J/1}lOuwyga-
cpia {jvvawr IIEYaXw. va W({IcJ.ljon
yJ.{i)uoav EaV oi r{Jacpovn. ElI'E umCPPovEC; ;eai
Ull xaMiJ. 'l)wuflav, duaywur Iii ;tara Ta, ava'll/a.
XPO,ciV Xat: avaJ.oyiav tXOVuar; 'EiJ.1J!'lxJj". .<1Lon at
E<PI/pC{iibc, t:T"E {Jl/WOV wiJ J.;wii xai pr/a, {)lbau;,aJ..or;
airroli, liu5aflxovuar airrov :rpo. nOMoi, !i.}J.or. ;,ai rill'
jfJiiUIV riir; yJ..tlJuu7I'. [...1
'll'EJJ.T/VLJ< yJ.Wuua EI"c J.iav dJnAauro. :rC{ii riJv uUvOt-
flLV xai rir; (J"mpauopOv VEWV opwv E.Tw/licWTaTl/, ob
Evcxa xai oi EV{Jw:raLOL airrii. JrJ.U.uoov-
or viov. opov" roUTo avai'xaiwr; rtfr VII yiv'lwr
oiJxi aVOalpErW, ;,ai Eb.fj, aVa xaru. xavova, xai iiJ).a
avaJ.oya 1/ opow. ,ItSEt;:rapa ruv, xavovar; rfi, ,)J.l/-
"Lxii; m::ri.aopIrar ,\6vavrl1i '!?)).7/l'[;(ui. va 1'0-
aJ).' avc)).ljlruroL xai {Ja{J{Ja{JOL. ALa rouro
nvi5apw, 1J!iyOliEV rv 6T/pLOlpyiav "iwv Jif,fwv,
avayxqr; aMa f1/v Jra{Ja rou; xavOva, rfi; ').}.1/-
VLJ<7k JrJ.aurovgyiav WWVTWV )SEWV, XL1,{jweV-
OVITt va xaTaunjlJwurv oJ.w, afJop({lov x,d l>vlJErbt/ rirv
viav 'EJJ.l/VLX11V (np{JJ. ra; bra TIIV <Pea)'i'LXoii -ims
h';tl; aJrOAVHUIIIJr;, {jwnoTwpo" i,/wwpor;, WJrOTWpO;,
cpal'anopo" xd. ;Uti Ta, ovl,eiuu. xai
UX1)parwpov, cpal'TaOlwyopiu, iv{;moIIWlJL" iswupwm"
qvJ),osqra xai tM/ovxwmxo., &'()ap{Jw-
eVuvvELbo7:wr;, xWlmliiJJJ.IOI, .7g0O'1J.V-
-upor;, urwullw/)txiJ';, uWllarolpvAax
(xai Ta opora), T1/Uypappa, rrtE{jlaygaplw, ;(1JpLXOr;,
wgipavutr;, xrJ,). [...]
r. A.ZIJx1liIJr;,AE;tx6vo{lOoy{!alf'LY.oY xai 't{J1/UTIXOv
v;, yAW 00'1<;, A6tjVlt'1898.
250
oKo8apIO!-,0e; EKOllAWVTOI uno TpEle; !-,optpte;: a. we; 0llOXPOVOe;
EnOVEMIlVIO!-'oe;: nx OXI OAAa YlOuAl 0 Ko8oplO!-,0e;
OUTO<;, 8V nOAAoie; 8qmo<;, EAaXlOTa TOTE B. Oe; T8-
poxpovoe; 8nov8AAllvIOllOe;: n.x. 0XI OAAQ rOY. y. Oe; ovo!-'o-
0I0AOYlKOe; 8sopxoio!-'0e;: nx OXI ylOuAl, oAAa rOY. Ot OUO T8AEUTQ18e;
!-,optpse; TO KUplO !-'SAIl!-'a TWV Ko8opOAOYWV YP0!-'llOTlKWV
KOI A8S1Koypatpwv. LTO BaOIKO AESlAOYIO TIl<; XPOVOyAWOOOAOyio<;
o 8E,apxoio!-,0e; 8mBaAA81 TI<; XOpaKTilptOTIKSe; OVTIKOTOOTa081e;:
IjJOPI - ixBue;, nouM - ffiT)VOV, oKuAoe; . KUWV, KOKKaAo - aowOv,
jJaAAto - KOjJT), J.1I'm - acpeaAjJo e;, jJurT) - pie;, OUKUJTl - rynap, oKorwvw
- CPOVUW, - KawKMvojJal, CPyyopl - VPO - iJi5wp,
nerpa - Meoe;, cpu.mo - nOo, orOxrT) - ricppa, povoncm - orpanoe;, Bouvo
- opoe;, - AWKOC:;, [lOOpOe; - /liAae;, KOKKI\'Oe; - ipu8poe;, YJ.1C'1TOe;
- nitrypT)e; E[vat npotpav<; on Kat ov OKOI-'Il OEV A'ltp80uv unOljJil ovn-
KOTamaoEle; 80yyOAOYIKOU (n.x. Ovrpo - i5ivi5pov), !-,OptpOAOYIKOU
(n.x. oapKO - TUIJOAOYIKOU (nx auyo - way) Tunou, 01 KUpI8C;
OVO!-'OOlOAOYIKe; MAOYSC; OVSPXOVTQl 08 21 %, Kal !-'aAIOTo mov
1J0VI!-'0T8PO TIlC;
EnaKoAou80C; EiVQl 0 Ko8opIOI-'Oe; TOU AESIAOY[OU OE Ka88 EnlnE-
00 Kat I-'0AlmO EKEl onou 01 AOYI8C; AS81C; (oPxa18C;, OPXQlotpaVElC;,
V80AOY101-'0[) va nUKvwvoUV, 010 T8XVIKO AESlAOYIO
(tpIAOOOIKO, EnlO1'lI-'OVIKO, T8XVOAOYIKO, KTA.). Eow 0 OVO!-'OOlOAOYI-
KO<; 8SoPXo'io!-'0e; KQl 0 0PXQlOTpono<; ESEM'lVI0I-'Oe;tpOlvovTal va 8ival
n8ploooT8PO ono08KTo[, av OXI 881-'1TOi, I-'LQ KQl
ana TO yEyOVOTO: a. 11 EK fTOPOOO08WC; opoAoy[a Kat OVOI-'OTOAO-
y[a nou OEV nspaoav 010 K8VTPIKO (KOIvol A8SlAOYIO 8S0KOAou8ouoov
VO AITOUPYOUV OTO TXVIKO KiIJ8VO uno TT)V TOU<;
n.x. vU:..\ X IG. Qv. v6ooC;. 6. 01 MT)voloi<; npvouoov
UKOAO OTT) NEO EAAT)VIKr], n.X. bi%gie - 610-
Aoy[o. pandemonium - navoOlJ.lovlOv. y. 01 vo6<; IJ TT)V IllJlA-
AT)VlKr] TOU<; OljJT) OnOlTQUOOV "IJIJEOW<; TT)V
TOU<;, n.X. velodrome - nooT7AoTOOp0J.lIOV. O. To IJTQ<PPOOTIKO 06vlo.
01 "1JT0010TumilOI<;, UKOAOTpO OTllv K060pu-
ouoo KOl 0 TOU<; 600lKW<; OPXOloTpono<; (n.x.
environment- np16aAAov).
YnoPXouv OlJw<; nplT1TWol<; onou a 6wpiTQl
ouXvo nopoTolPO<;. Ol XOPOKTT)PlCJTlKOTP<; ivol: 0 KOl
a TWV nwvulJwv: 0MnowapT7C; Y[VTOI Boooapl<;, 0na-
vOyl(IJTT7C; KowT7Alf:PT7<; (ono nmtpo)KQl KOUTPIKO<; (ono1J0vo) yiVTQI
KoopcKa<; (ono TOV 600lAl0 Koopo). 0 ICJTOPlKO<; KQl
TWV KOHl nopOOOOT) TonwvulJiwv. oAAOT KQl
onOOKTO<; (n.x TO nOpTO NrpaKO yiVTOl ncpOlU<;) KOl OAAOT OVO-
n60KTo<; KOI TUnOKpOTlKO<; (n.x.atInf:wc;Ov y(VOVTOl TunaPT7VO<;).
oK060ptOIJ0<; nopo Til TaU (60.000
a L. KoulJoVOUOT)<;) IJ TT)V OPXQlOTponT) AAT)VOoTptqJlCl
TOU, YKOTEOTT)O YlQ tvoKOl ITAtov QlWVO TO OlyAWOOIKO K06OTW<;.
KQllJoVO T) ITUKVOTIlTQ (45% Kma A. IlavVOpT). 1895) TIl<; TT)<;
K060puouoo<; IJITopi lJlJtaw<; vo TT)V tKTOOT) TOU K060pl-
OIJOU KOI TI<; mmwol<; TOU CJTO 'OlJw<; 0 OUVOKOAou60<;
yAwOOlKO<; KOt npoyovo<jJlAO<; IJYOAOlOQTlOIJ0<; TOV KmtOTT)O OVTI-
Kclj.lVO Atyxou KOl XAUT)<; 0Xl j.lOVO TWV 6pj.loollJWV Ollj.lOTIKIOTWV,
oAAa KOl TWV ljJUXPOlj.lWV K060poAoywV.
I"0 HP!!l: MAl'KflI 1l0TIAPHI
H TOY
llC(li {)i eVlJaOciar; ij bvupaOciar; rwv vEOuv)j,ixrwv,
ov{)iv {)vvarai ftr; v' a:rorpavOfi yCVIXOv, arpov, wr; '/{)Il
cLJWpCV, rouain:'1 bTlx(Jaui: amwv :rol1<Uia
wJrwv. '0 piuor; o(Jor; roii a7TatrOvpvov lflOVOV :rIlOr;
pcraUX1]paftupovvwuv)jixrovEir; UTeaWnr1]V {)iv vm:ll-
{JaimUV1'1jOW, rov,r(Jei, {)w1'0 7fireao-
{)o, Oa mUTroopev, axap'l raxur4Ja, IXI' Jf.\qv rwv
PTJparwpwvxairoiiXElfllUPOV rov07T).OV {)iv IJJUWCOVrO
aUT(Jaro),0YIJlhi,va pV'!0ffxaL ra pvcmi!!ta rijt;}'jopi-
V'1, xaOa(JcvovO'lt;. '0paxaeirTJ, xai oia)),01
ureauwTlXoi OvoparoOirw, pi] 6.{!xw(ji:vw; va bwuwuI
viol'wopaIi, !Java raviaxaiavwvvpaaxap'l,T(JaY!Jara,
iOewelwav7T(Jrnovvapcrapa:rriuOJUlvaeXalOJrgcrrn;xed
ra ax'aiwvwvu:ra .0VCOW.1]VIXOV aUrwv ovopa cif;.Ta-
vrar;yvwUTa, Ta u;roxapluaLX.,Tap(Jaxia, fa{"Tob'lpara
XTl cir;l.mi)var;, 6.{!PUM.r;, tvo(!opi{)ar;, xolopla, ava4l1l!i-
oar; xai (J),la aX(!al({Nw;am'la.LJvQ)wlov oT.\I]V roUrov
({iaivcrw 1'0: mUTeVuwpcv tiJhl'c,ov Eif; l.wglxovr;av{)(!ar;
ri]v 'IarwT4Jw a:rayycJJ.opi:vl]v (1); TjJa).nIPLOI' umj roii
a:roUTTJOiuavror;avri]vJf(Joyvpvauroii:r(JWT1]V f5,Oaf.7iv:
,,'Hxupa).i] avwgOo>Pfvrl. '0;cwyaJl' :rJ.1]uiov TOU c{laxri-
).ov oeamr;xaT'evOei:av CII.T(JO; oi dJPOI cir; nil'rpv-
Otxi]v amwvOiu/v TO avw rou Uff,!Jaror; xriOErov
iJri TWV i(Jl.iwv 0;pguXiover;irciU1];;' :raJ.ap11 :r[!Or;Ta
egw apIX!!Or; baxrv).or;Eir; .i]v[!flrpi]v
M'ixaraMpcrc;
Oi';wOfY vvoEi:ral on i(JWT'IU1r; 'II'ixara),a{JrTE' I'i YE-
rata:r).wr;buiTOY ru:rov.
E. l'nlbll;,Oi\xflvra,
1:.5,AO'\vu1978,(J.191-2.
OTO xp6vlo
(NOim,l.IO,
oKOA,l.'ftXV'lC; 15.v TOV Timo
ounTOV Ko-6o-p.UOVTO Boo-cro-p,c;", iliatvaV Tuna:
(cB6roaplC;).
NTINOL:r"EQPiOY6HL:
251
H AOrOTEXNIA TOY E,\EY8EPOY KPATOYI
01 ZYMnIEJIITO TEAOITOY 190u AlnNA
rcwpylOC; PoiAac;, '0 'Ap"rrojJcvryc; npoBdYYloC;
avo ylYVWOKWV 'pyov TOU c;c; OUyKvrpWO'v TTOlryniJV, Ana
aP'OTCpa npoc; Ta r, r. I. noH
K. r. Ap, npo6cAtyylOC; "',Ao-
AOYIKOC; LUAAoy0C; napvaooac;).
TOU novoBljvOlo.
......_.... _._ ....._.... -""'.
. . . - .
I ' -.
- - ..... -....
&'@G::!t:.o
il701J IB'
To 1880 8EWpdTOl Tt'\Oe; Illae; m;plOOOU HIe; lOlopiae;
KQl AoyoTXviae; Kal Illae; vtae; KQl KOUY-
L O,Tl aepopo. Til AOYOTxv[a Ol KQlVOTOllie; K0lo. Til
oKan[a 1880-90 dVQl nOAu nplOoOTpe; OlIlV 1l0AO-
von 0 opoe; yvlu TOU '80 avaqJtpnal Kupiwe; OTOUe; nOlllTte; nou
llepavioTllKav Tllv (K. naAallUe;, I. Llpooivlle;, N. Kallno.e;,
I. nOAIl11e;). 8wpiTQl 6t6Qlo OTl 01 nOlllTe; aUToi anolluKpuvav Tllv
noilloll ana TOV pOllavTlollo KQl Tllv Ka8apuouoa OOllywvTae; Tllv o
Illa KaSllllP1VOTPll aTlloOqJQlpa KQl Olll H npOOXTlKOT-
Pll tpuva odxv1 OTl we; npoe; Til y'\wooa KaTU TllV V t..6yw oEKaTia
OV nopaTllpdTQl KUTl nou va Ilnop[ va xopaKTllPIOT1 aMu
an'\we; viOXUOll m'\oywv nou OloSIlTte; KQl npOllyoulltvwe;
(o.,\i\WOT Ta 616,\io TWV nOlllTwv Tile; YVlUe; TOU '80 KaTu Til oKanio
nplEXOUV KQl apKTOUC; OTixoue; O KaSapuouoa), napo. Tllv
Kuplapx[a Tile; AOylae; y'\wooae;, o nploolKo. O
nOlllTlKU 616A(a, aMu KQl ot..6KAllPe; ou,\i\OYEe;, O 01l1l00l-
UOVTQl OTIlV Ka8o'\ll TllV np[ooo 1830-80 ana nOlllTte; dT
aKpmqJvwc; 0llIlOTlKloTte;, onwe; AX 01 r. TpTOtTlle;
Kal Ap. Ba,\awpiTllC;, iT "oiy'\woooue;", onwe; Ol I. Za'\oKwOTae;,
L. KapuOlle;, AX. napo.oxoe;, !'l. rp. Kallnoupoy'\ou (ana TO 1862 OlOV
naVnLOTllilLOKo nOlllTlKO olaywvlollO, nou Twpa BOUTOl-
vaioe;, nlTptnTQlll KQl tpywv 0Tll Til olyAwooia
OUVTllPOUO KQl TO yyovoC; OTl llplllVa TWV novmoTll-
IllaKwV KPlTWV v' anoqJuxSd TTle; xuoaiae; OlQA-
KTOU Kat TTlC; YAwaollC; TWV '\oy(wv".
260
Til nou 11 EnlKpan;[ OTllv nOLlloll -TEAOe; Tile;
oEKaETlae; TOU '80- 11 Tile; ana TllV Ka8a-
pEuouoa EnlTOXUVETOl ana 0 I. 4JuXoPlle;
To raE,iol f.lou (1880), TO nplino EVTEXVO OE
EKTQOll OTll
avolYOVTOe; TOV OPOIlO Yla Tllv KOTlaxuOll Tile; OTll
H npwT080uA[a TOU 4JuxoPIl EPXETOl va
aVTlKpOUOEl Til npOTQOll YAwooae;, nou c;[XE
EIl<pavloTEi Til IlETo</Jpaoll TOU Nova TOU ZOAO
ana TOV I. KallnoupoYAou (1880), KOl IlE OlO<pOpEe;
napaMaYEe; Kal ovollaolEe;, ana 0Xl Alyoue; ouyypa</JEie; Tile;
(I. nOAUAOe;, r. KaAoayoupoe;, n. Ntp8ovae;, Ip. =EvonOUAOe;, KO.)
LKonOe; Tile; yAwooae; Illa anooooll Tile; npay-
IlOTIKOTllTae; Tile; nlOTOTEPll ana EKEiVll TWV OUO aKpaiwv
YAWOOlKWV TOU AOYloTaTlollou Kal TOU 4JuXOPIl. napo Tllv
Tile; wellOll ana TOV ljJuxaplOllo, 11 OTllv
OEV ea napa OTLe; apxEe; TOU 200u at. To 1903 a' Eva "011-
TOU nEpLoolKOU TWV auyypa<pEwv
IlE TO EpwHllla nOla yAwooa EiVQl npOTlIlOTEPll, 11 Ka8apEuouaa, 11
11 "EAEu8Epa 0llll0<pIAEaTEPll avaoEl-
KVUETOl 11 TPLTll
'H Nova rrpo Tau
orro Nova, TOU ZoAa, O
[I. 1880,
'H Nava JrE[Jmpi[!ao aaxo,Twq tv rtf pLX(J(i aLOovuT/, OU
i80v 0 Aa{Jo(J8ir, avEJ,Owv va rtf opL},1u!! JrE(Ji eVxaLfliaq
uvoq Jra!?OVllLatoptvr,q va ri'jq ayo(Jau{/ eVO{/vorara xiiu
JrE(JLrpr,POVq 8avri})aq, ,Ta(i [4arpva tv rtf aELfl(i ri'jq opL}Ja,
rov xai ri]v ci:O{/llLV OU 0 Fcw(Jywq a;riOal'E, Koxita),()
eVOT)q Nava,
- '0 rwyoe;! 0 rwyoe; 'JriOavE! iSErpWVI/llEI' afiiawe;,
Kai ra {JUppa r{/e;, xw[!iq va OtA!!, tl7T[!arpl/ xai tivEt1m hrl
rofJ raJr{/roe; ri]v i(JvO(Jav itl/).i8a a}J,' avrl/ [s{/}.ciq;OI/
raoq, rwv JrOOWl' ril" alfri[!WD'. '0 Aa{JoglJi:r
tv roUrOLe; ij[!iLllE xai rae; ).vrrofiE(!Eia;: otv ElvaL rix6pI/
xaJ..a xaJ..a yvwurav ;rwe; bri'j)jh'v 0 Oavaroe;, iiV,OI )iyo/lv
iiVOLSE mlJ..tv r, Jr}'I/l"I rov, IiUOL on I/'UrOitrOV1/llE I>I/OCV
;rwyEiq twoe; ).[pYl/e; nvoe;.
ZoHI., Nava, (1. 601.
Ev l7lJVrOP'IJ oi Uyw rofJro povov, ou, we; f:i I. r, lv X!JljlTt/
y).waaa owrpO[!Oe; dq rae; JrE:f!Lypalpae;, ii).iJI lie; rov
ou/.}.oyov, ii}).1/ ;wra ui JrpouwJra xai ro Olpa, pITa{JaJ..J..v-
pi:vr] ro i'vrovov ri'jq ({i(Jaaf:We; is Jr/l{la).-
},aYT;q 'Ti ro I] ygap/lart.XwrI'(Jov, xai a,v'.oL-
ovpi:vr] xara ro uiJO'rIJpa rwv EvvOLWV, 'Ti ;ram oi
hI) ij pii}.1ol' clxavovLO'roe; ct, Ttl rOI; O'Vyi[!OVOUfJiou hi rwv
tiVrtXELptvwv rofJ xaAovptvov Jro),trtapofJ, -wq txtL }.olJrov
olirwq yUjjaaa 0& 15vvarov marorc(Jol' VIi
POE!?III/l'WOfj ro npcvror.v,TOV ri'je; Navaq.
To 1tClQlmavw XWQlO 10U 1. Kaf<Jtougoy),ou, cmo1Ov TCQO),0YO
a111 'tou "11S Nav6.
s
10U Zo),a, o.rro'tumoVEl ns
ouo>.o),(cs cWV oowv Em8ulLOUV VCI
ygci\jJouv aE y),woaa. Ol 6uo%0),i; yivOV1at
%ClI. aE 1l0l11u%OT.EQa Eioll 0 1. ITo),u).<'I.;, !ra),mo;
10U owv fl.nacpQai;l nlv 'OeJl'oaELo.
(liiilJ 1881) 1@ rTlv 'lJ.uloa (1882 KE,) aL08avEwl c(VEilW)%ll
't11 011flOU1<ll, 0 EJ[lO'11S EnwvllO'lO; r. Ku),oO"(OU-
QOS rrr.Qlygcirpa, 10 1891, ell y),(oaoCt clUcci)v 1WV IlEwrrgClO[lV:
To avw'fgov ,T}.aurLxOv nVEVpa ovof:piav 1i);'IJv owarw va
clip!) &dsooov ij tv rtf y).,tiJaay 1'00VpEvn ourE LIJe; vooum!'
oi J<aOa(JcuoVTEq, OUTf: we; oi vni:(J ro 'f,},nfwrcq
rov arpeJ..iarcpol' aunie; ol//lonxov wnov, e(,Ua h T(ii pia{!)
O!?(V, o[ov l'oei aUrOl' 0 x. '0 ,tiaoq oi'l'roq O!?Oq,
vane;, xar' ii5twre(Jal' 7rE;.;ToiOI/all', MIl'aTlU va :rfpl-
JJ.i{Jy tv i'{wr,w xai ra (JlIO'rl/lla ri'jq xaOag6.q J.yoprnif; ')1/-
ponxTje; xai va avvarpO,i'j pH' avri'jq cie; i-viJrIJTa, ial' xai
avrl/ aVl'aLl'E!J7J ci, aUOTI/(Jou'gW' l'x}.oyr/I' rwl' OJIPOUXWV
rv;rwl', Of'" trtl{JeiUrrw r.!Je}.we; i',To ;.,iyWl' a'PI/pll/lb'wl\
aJ).' clvllL ;wi xai OTI/l!itcrw xai aUro, i:ri r(ov
n(J(iYParw1',
K(!LTixa xEipcva., KEQZ\JQU 1986,11.27.
Ava),OYES ELVOl 6uo Xgovw aQycnEQCt xm Ot a;,,) JUS 10U
6.. Bl%Aa:
'H ,TapofJaa Oimq roii y},waalxofJ tTJr1,laroq opo/{it;El :r{J(lq
EXX(JEpiq wt!o).oyiov (Jwi/J)q xmJ0i:v V,TO ;&11> 1b(},jUEWq i:x
roii "I), iiX(Jov <4; ro a)).o. l'aJ.a.vrwrral. TO iXX[!Epi"
pfx(JLq oil 0 1'01l0<; ri;e; (Ja[JVr1'JToq ro l.TavaqJc(Ju fir; nil'
qJuapajl' rov Of:ULV. I];vlllx1 rou Oiatr; 'faiVITal TO pf:fT/JV.
LhaJ;ue; xai i1 ll!)o4yoj.lvu,
AOllva 1893, Q. 0',
NALOL: SA - A:i.
261
__ ... , ,' I ,
To i\uKdou TOU
16.9. 1874 E.i\.I.A.).
- M1I'IJ.Q"JtlJ.,,', y'vui:xuu'tljl'Xl.
- "EqJU'{E; nov;tC!.EI; etltEV ESUqJvlaOris 0;(QIjUTOS ciV1]Q.
-6SEQOU.
- SfQeI<;; Kl(moltoli t6"!laOES;
- 0' 8ao-o.';TS MaQxlvus xElba awu YIOM. xi T'V
dlhL
- Ku'ltOIOSElv' aUTO;,ou Bua.A';TS M<iQXIVUS;
To ltUll\lov UTgarpEv ltQO; TIlv OUQuv EGTe
-I 'a, XEi"olJS art'aTExlTl{'S' Urr.' TIlv rtoQtU.
'0 x(I MovaxaxllSxal01 TEWS O/llA1ltUltou,TWV OltOlWV
,'E'{a).w; EXEVn'lltlj 'i ltE(lIQYEIlJ., EaTgaq;lJaav 0),01 ltgoS
'tIlv OUQu.v.
,,'H NOatUAY09' (1894),'J\Jravw
(Exb. N. TgIUvrUlplJUO:tOUAO<;),T.3,a. 62.
CL\'tLonsll CLvOfJ-ECJa olllv xaBagEu-
ouoa IOU t1]v XO'V'] NOEIJ'IjV'%1] Ev6; Jl:goow-
JtOU (IOU xUQ-lviova;(l'txYj) TI] O,ol,ono tWV oHwv )(ll
Jl:QOCJ8JJtWV.
'0 'AQYU(HJ.X'lS, liUTlS IU\),I; EqJOav ,'CX!!' tWV
w,'o'" Toli TllS, qyeQ011 E<POQUEV I; ,ilv
XlpllAqv tOu TOV )'wpyov).1} TOU, EO)(}(hj t'0 Y.(,XXlVOV
vaQlTOU,TQEiS ultlOa,u'tS ilAuri,\J1tClillfJEV 1s TOtiS ltobas
TaJtEb,I.a.TOU, xa' dsTllv (,1)6".
TUUTOXQOVW; dX\' ESE/On XUI /) TaQuI)11,1O;, 001:'S
[''T,aaEV o,ui,lav"i:TOV 'AQ'{uQ&.-"'1 tij;fugolpaAtuc;.
- T01Qa ft' a.Qf.ans, YE'Tova, nil Hyn..."ill'dam
aws, btilTl c.rVUl XCLtlJ. TO. uxoina (XUTUWXUY1]). To 'fEY-
yagl bi:v flva' TWQU naY' TS "ElJ.IIVfC; (ltavw.ljVOS) vo.
TCIv raxw aoun,vvlIXTa...
TOlCtutCl it.).I]VlXo. WfIU.E' 6NtUQulllJfLOs.
-T'vo. x<'<l'OUI'f,vit am]VT1)lJ TU1tEI.YO-
Cr[!OV(I)i A
</YmWhQu (1888),';4,Tavt"a
(exb. 1'UlftYTlHjm)J.onou).oc;),t.2,a. 96-97.
'EvtOv'l (tVllCJtl;q u. OTllY xuSugEuouoa tau
acP'l':T"l-ovYYQG.<jJEa (oun" J);-!/lO'f}, r0JEyEI, OTtl
VtOmO).CLI,La tau AgyuQax'l, an6TIIY onola EXEL nagai,,!,
<pSd XQL to yWQyOlJllJ, (l'avnxo( axovcro,) XQL y. OTOU;
oo),O'%IOfIOUS t01! 6;rou unocpOJOXEl fUU ULX-
xmoTllS En(IlQaOll T71; XU8U_QEU01JOa;.
H AOrOTEXNIA TOY EAEYGEPOY KPATOYI
HnOAVrMlIIIA THI HGOrPAcblAI
H IlSoYPo<1Jio (m;plTlou 1880-1910) OTP<1JOTOv OTIlv ovoTlOpaOTOOll
Hle; oUYXPovIle; TlPOYIlOTlKOTIlTOe;, li5LO[TpO Trle;
TlOpx[oe;, KOl [X we; OTOXO Tile; smOTOW:VIlV IlAtTIlv TOO
TlPOYIlOTLKOO" (K. noAow'te;, 1896). To ouYXpovo upwnolKo PUIlOTO
TOU VQTOUPOAlOIlOU Kat TOU POAIOIlOU OUVOOUOV TIlV IlS0-
ypo<1Jla 0' oAIl TIlV TlopiO Tile; KOl Tile; SOLVOV Til OUVQTOTIlTO va
paOlTIlv TWV IlSWV Kat SIIlWV
Tile; uno[Spou.
2:TIl yAwooa, 11 TlpIOOOe; OTLYIlOTIOTIlK ana Til OLallaXIl
Tile; (TOU llJuXaPll KOl TWV onoowvTOU) Kat TIl<; KOSO-
pUOUOO<;, VW TIlV KUP[OPXIl aVT[SCJll OTIlv npollyoullVTl
Tlp[ooo (1830-1880) TO KOSOpuouoo - apxo[-
(np6A. n 2:0U1OO<;, Nea LXOAi) TOU yparpOJ.-lE:VOU AOYOU i) ava-
OTaOle; Tl'je; apxaiae; eAAr)V1Kfie; .. , 1853). 2:TIlv Il
olollaXIl OTlO IlLOV
IlIOV TWV ouo yr,woolKWV 1l0P<1JwV
W:oo OTO [OLO IllO<; '\oYlO<; YIO TO Ilepo<; TOU Kat
IlLO<; YIO TOV uSu ,\oyo TWV TlpOownwv, TO OLO'\'OYO. H TOUTO-
XPOVO KOI aVTlTlOpOSWIl SX1
OVlXVWTEl o sPyo TIl<; npwTIle; nptooou, onw<; 0 Go-vo<;
BAf:Ka<; (1855/56) TOU n. KOAALya KOl TO OVWVUIlO 'H orpanwnKi)
tv'EJ-J..Of51 (1870), OAAO KOl O OLIlYrlllOTO TOU AaooOVOe; 6. AIVlOVO<;
(1800-1881), vw 0 PO[olle; CH no-mooa 'lwo-vva, 1866) KOI 0 BIKSAO<;
(/\ouKfie; /\Opa<;, 1879) npoonoSouvvo TIlv TlOPOKOIlLjJOUv Il TIlv OTlO-
TOU OLQAOyOU.
LTIlv nploooTIl<; IlSOYP0<!>loe; Il OTOlXIWOll<; OVTLTlOpaSOll
KTIVTOI O Illo - nOAuyAwooia: Il mo OVTLTlPO-
np[mwoll iVOl 0 nonoololloVTIl<;. H
SsOll TOU, OTlW<; OlaTUTlWVnOt OTO apSpoTOU iAwooo KO(
KOLvwvio" (1907), OUV[OTQTQL OTIlv OTlOKpOUOll TOU LjJuxoPLOIlOU, Tll-
PXOTOV, Il TOU<; aMoue; ana TIlv Eupwnll
OOTOOO, OTO 0<1JllYIlIlOTIKO sPyo TOU nOTlOOlOllavTIl KOllAwvTOI IlIO
nOAucpWVlO -OOV m60M TOU OuyxpOVOU TOU
AOYOTXVIKOU 06YIlQTOe;" Tile;, KOI <!>WVOYPO<!>IK6", ovonop6-
OTOOll<; H]<; npOYIlOTLKOTllT0<;, KOt Tll<; npOYIlOTlKOTllTO<;,
262
HI<; TaU, fjOW HIe; anooOOIle; Tile; KOlVWVlOI\KTOU
KQl Tile; lOIOI\KTOU TWV npoownwvTaU (01 napanOfjne; 010"ATTOvra).
H Ka8apuouoa XP'l01fjOnOll1OI KaVOVIKQ OlaV I\ayo TaU (KUpIOU)
OTOV Myo TWV npoowndwv TaU ouyypaepa (2.310 :Ln.
010V Myo TaU OWTPIKOU (npoownou T'le;
aTaV npoKlTOl Yla fjOp<1>Wfjvo. H Ka8apuouoa
XPIlOlfjOnOIlTal o ola!\6youe;, loiwe; Kl\llPlKWV QMwv
(2.130). EV[OT YlVOVTOl olop8wTlKe; Enfj600le; 0111 oIl
(3.29.8). !1v KOI 11 (2.92, "ovun60IlTOe;, Tte;
KQI\TOe; fjOVOV, ...).
H va 0' OI\OKI\IlP'l T'lV OWTPl-
(3.353), OTOV MyoTaU KUpLOU fj LoaywYLKo
nMYLa (2.132), KaL 010V OLQI\OYO TWV npoownwv. Xp'lOlfjOnOLOuvTal
niOIle; OLQI\KTOI (Tile; LKl080u Kupiwe;) Kal LOIOI\KTOL: "YUVOlKIOV
(2.110), Yl\wooa (3.90), yI\WOOlKe;
(OOI\OlKlOfjOi) O OIQI\OYO (2.97-8), yl\wooa (3183:
"fouTou founaTou), K<1>POOle; (fj nl\oYla: 2.25) Kal
"onaofjva" I\I\IlVlKO ana (2.635 K).
To VOTOUpal\101lKO Yla TJl "epwvoypa<1>lKQ" anaOOOTl
T'le; Yl\wooae; oOIlYl TOV oTJl TIl<; Ka8apuou-
oa<; OTOV MyoTaU (ouyypa>a) KQl TWV npo-
ownwv TWV a<1>IlYllfjQTWV TOU 0 iOLOe;, OOIlI\WfjVOC;
oV KOVl TinoT' oMoana TO va "au8apfjIlTa", ana KOI\I\I-
TXVlKOUe; I\ayoue;, OTOUe; Ola-
l\6youe; TWV l\a'lKwv npoownwv
TOU TO OlOQYfjaTO TaU 4.luxo-
P'l. Tanl\oYla TO LOaywylKQ,
nou a
(ouyypa>tae;) OC OPIOpVe;
npInTWOLe;, O'lI\WVOUV "ano-
o1OOlonoillOIl" ana Tllv
y
- N&. /} /} ltl..oluQl0C;'l/lfl!!IWtl];
bdl;uc;tOv riuEl.OOvtl,tltQo;tOU,(JUvu6U'l'0u,tou.
01 TEU[JUQEC; f/iltoQodoLU[lXOI ECJtQE1jJUV tOU,IHjlO{u.l1oU;
1tQo,TOy VEooen! E),90vtu)(Cl! tOy f)(oiraSUV a..,l-'lCJtIIJC;.
-,'y'tr:ovo JC{!anyo, {ltvtO{!t, ih<Qul;EV 0 Mfjla-
(JI[JE" x'
'0SEVOC; UT]/iEiovXUIQEtIUIIOU /I'nivlEiQu.
- XtlJCurv (OQUrtE)J.)'lEtUVU:), dmvEI,tUlv[/iltoQO-
ltWllIQXOIV 0 8U/llO,() KOlJQ(J.oUvo;,
/lEyaAou oenlC; dXE XIIEl II'0 ml;(blll tic; titv
WXEUV/}v, Aovblvov, xui dXE /lu9u OxtW bEXU
UyyAIXU, 'l'Quonc;.
- Jiyx-iov {lE[! (EUXClQlOtW, xUQLE), UonlvqOl" E\JYEVlii;
oSEVoc;.
<<'0 'A/IEQlXUVO; (1891),",tJr(lvta, 'To 2,u, 260.
Eiiw 1] oVTIJtClpa8Wll yiVEtClL OVUIlWO GT1J yAwoou 'tOu
(xo.8uQruolJou) xOt 11<; SEvayAwOOE<; E%fjJpaOEL
nov rrQooclJJrwv, w LtlXALXa eva; EvramOU It),OlclQXOU
(provo ][Qauyo, oLVloQe: xVI2Le) Kal!'
uyy),Lxa EVa; SEVOlJ
you) XL eva<; aHouY.arrE!clVLOU. KL cOLO Wlt\ayLU IIUO.-
yw,'lxa) urroOTJ),WVOlJV !TJv anom:OOlO7tOLTJO'tl"!OlJ
,11-auYYQD.fjJEU urroTCl lOVlJllora.
AA, rrpa, rwp-
V'O OIlOU avaq>tptTOI ouvp-
vooio TOU TO rrp. Nta Zw!j,
7 1907)
E.A.I.A.).
o Ilovwq>o-
PI, VIAcKO Km Vpo86ro (1908)' ivOl
Tuxaio an 'l'wTovpaq>io TO
TWV
SISA;wv V'O TOV (n. 1',JI0uA
M" 1974' Moaxova" 1981). <l>WTO-
Vpo<pio r. 1908.
ilQPIOIBEI\OYf-IHl:
./
OUvtl8E<HmO<; xaQaX1tlQLOf!0<; lWv
ano TOU<; aV1:lJlCx).ou<; 10U<;. 0 3v011:Ou).0<;
on 10 mQLOi'nxo 'Earia OQO
1tQUJ1ll qJOQcX 010 qnj).),o 1'T]<; 26 1898.
TfJrav Eva p(/abv, OTO peytiJ.o xarpevtio roii Zal.flQarOl1,
[JOJTOV ;et' 0),01 ozcbov 01 ),fy,/tol rii, iJroxii,;.
iT!!oofYRJ rov KovfJvAaXt] ;eivqulIV two VEoI pi
XMW, lU(JiE(ryo VI(IO';' iTfl(Iizgevo vrVuzpo ;eai pytiJ.a
pallia. [ ...JPWT:TJtTE rirv iTflQca roy ITOioi ,frav aUroi ot
aMOxorOI' XtlJTOlO, rOv DTJJ]{!OI(lO(J'luc, fleil,1jrav mYIOI
c1",,' flOU fy{!atpav b.civa ra KI' 0 Kov-
{JUAtlxq" pJi.1tOVfa;; :rm, ro XOlVO rOl1;; Xfl(Iax'lT/{!umxo
,frav r(/ JJL'i'tiJ..a pa)J.ui, rpl1Jva;c M' aino; aval paJJ.Ja-
{loi!" 11 lra(!ca yila(11: [... ] Kai rovopa {PElv.
'H Aigq MalllflQ09>,
Aulll;lllnlltPOt'lT/TIX/Il:VVf(/OI(lI.a,
AOliva1921,11. 13.
9il Mjrc ltoU pIa Pie" Oa xaTavrrjUIJ vr:(/Oltq va y(/al(lov-
pI: Tqv "aOaf!i(Jovoa. (... J'H b'/1lOr/.X1i bi Oa xpvqrruw,
6i: Oil 'T{Ja(JtiTaI, lH Oil rpo(Jii:ral ma rOTC;; va ipav[j, oiz va
drav Xal'Eva Vf(JOltam, a(J(Jwortd(Jrxo, (/axmti{Jlxo, ljJw-
(/Ul{JIXO flat hi .TOV /jiv ro).p(i va Pm oro b(JOIlO,
"ta,i 0).0 ltOV Oir. 1'0 0 XO(1"o,;, 11 xa-
Otlf!ifJavua [... ] [fJ(JIOE: rr, yUiJUua pa;;, rill'El"TC It(Jourv-
;(TJ. xvbaia, P(JWfIlXIJ' II' arpriz ,a )"iJyta lpf!wC "ai ro
EOvo;; ;wi; t:lxc xaflE' rq y).,wo(1a.
naV"'lS'l'1JXaQ1JS,To pov, o.172.
(1854-1929).
rAorLiKEr IIIAMAXEl:
o rlANNHI 'IIYXAPH1: KAt 0 AHMOTIKlIMOI
olJ)uxo.PIle; (1854-1929) EKOlOEI TO 1888 To TaWJI /lou H 8KOOOTJ
OTJIlOTOOOTEl TIlv mo iowe; (KOI no.VTWe; Tile; mo
nEpIOOOU TWV OUYKPOUOEWV YIO TO YAWOOIKO
<!lQLVOIlEVIKo. 616AlO EVTunwoEwv, To /lou
onoTEAd KUp[We; (KQL TWV YAWOOlKWV
8EWplWV TOU ouyypOep80 TOU. 01 OVTlOpo.OEle; o.IlWEe; KQL K080-
pI01IK8e;. 01 01l1l01lKl018e;, OTO 8PYO OUTO TO OU1l60-
AO TWV oywvwv TOUe;, OXE06v 01l08uIl0, TOV llJuXo.PIl we;
IlY8T1l TOUe;, EVW OL oVTlnoAol TOUe; 010 npoowno TOU EVOV
OnTO 010XO, OTOV ono[oEnlTE81lKOV IlE LOIO[TEPIl 6LQLOTIlTo.
::EXWpI010 66poe; O1IlV Tile; 'IMac; EIXOV TOTE OL nopEIl-
60.0Ele; TOU Kwcmj nOAOllo., IlY8T1l Tile;
YEVlo.e; TOU 1880, KOI TOU Po'l0ll nou 010
El'ow}"a (1893) we; [TaU YAWOOLKOU KOt
OlVEI TO OtKIO 010V 01l1l01lKIOIlO (K. 8. L11l1l0po.e;, 'laTOpia, 359).
AAAo. To /lou OEV EiVQL onAWe; 8VO YAWOOIKO 1l0V1ep8010
AnOKOAUnTEI TO npoYIl01lKO nEOlO Tile; OUYKpOUOTJe;, KQL OlVEI 010
0IlIlOTlKlO1LKO KlvTlIlO Tie; npoYIlOTlK8e; TOU OIOOTo.OEIe;. rlvOQL TWPO
npoepOV8e; 011 11 OLOllo.XIl YlO Til yAwaoo onOTEAEI
EVOe; 608uTEPOU OV1OYWVLOIlOU ouoEAAIlV1KWV KOOIlWV -TOU 0PXo[ou
KQL TOU ouyxpovou- K08we; TO V80 OKOIlIl Kp6.Toe; vo
Tllv TOUTOTT)To. TOU: ,,'H Iloe; Ti nOAlo 80 6
XOIlOe; Iloe; M IlQe; OepiVEI yo. IlEyoAWOOUIlE, va nEpnOToOIlE 11 TO
OIKO 1l0e; noMplo, vaoUAAOYIOUIlOOTE 11 TO KEep6AI 1l0e;, va 6A8nou-
IlE 11 TO 116110 1l0e;, vaIlIAOOIlE Iloe; yAGJooo (TaE;!ol, 56).
001000, 01 01l1l01lKI018e; OKOAOu81l00V Tllv oVTlnoAIl
OTllv EmK8VTpwOTJ Tile; OXEOOV onOKAEl01lKo. 0111
OljJll TOU 881l0TOe;, 11 onolonpooepEpOQL OE 01l1l0YWY1KEe; onAouOTEu-
OEle; KQl epOpTlO Ie;. 'ETOL, 0IlWe;, nopoAo nou 0OnWT pOe; nOAITlOIlIKOe;
oKonOe; TWV 0IlIlOTlKlO1WV KOlVOe;, TOvlaTIlKov 01 010-
qJOpEe; nou TaUe; OE auo IlEyo.AEe; 0llo.OEe;.
ol)Jux6PIle; EIlELVE OOWV npow80uoov IlLO oU011lP6
KOL oKollmll noptll60OTJ, O1IlPLYIlEVIl OTOUe; epWVIl1lKOUe;
KQL 1l0pepOAOYLKOUe; KOVOVEe; TT)e; AOAIOe;. HOAAT) 011600 (IlYE1I-
Tile; ovaoEiXTIlKE 0 MovOAIle; TPlOV1OepU}J,lOIlC;) O XOTOV
nwe; "a nEploplOIlOe; OTO YPOllllOTIKo. 010LXETo TJle; AOLKfie; yAwoooe;
[...]IlEIWV 1 Tflv EKPOOTlKOT'lTO Tfie; V80e; ypomfie; Eioa-
ywyrj, 120), KOI YI' OUTO, nOAU mo 010 MYIO
K6 OTOlXdo KOI OTIlV noAUTunlo.
LTO TO 88110 YIVOTOV OAOtVO KQl mo ouv8no. H TOU
1897 KOL 0 MOKEOOVIKOe; Aywvoe; TOU 80WOOV 010.010OTJ, 01
TOpOXEe; OT'lv yLO 111 IlEToqJpao'l TOU EUOYYEAlOU KQL Tllv nu-
pomoOTJ 0PXo[wv OpOIlOTWV (JTO VEO 8AAIlVLKo. (<<EUOYY8ALOKO, 1901
- "OpWT8LOKO", 1903) TO OUVEOWOV IlE Tie; nOAITlKEe; 'l
amlXIlOTJ nou dXE To KOIVWVlKOV /lac; ZrjTT}/lO (1907) TaU f wPY[ou
LKA'lPOU T'lV TaU OTJIlOO[O, KQl TO 1l Al':TT)110 TOU
<!lwTIl <lJw1I601l To IAwaolKov ZrjTT}/lO K' i) EKnQlOWTlKr) /lac;
'Avayi;VVTJOlc; (1902) Hlv allw11 O)(to11 TOU IlS TO
OlTllIlOYlO
01 OTWOTlKlOTb;, nou KUplWC; ana T11V tYKUP11
S<!J11Ilploa 'AKponoAtC; TOU BAclOll lo6p111A10ll, IXOV KOl oUTavOIl11
nopouolOOTOV Tuno. Ana TO 1903 TO nsplOolKO'0NoujJoc;, KQl ona
TO 1908 -Yla tva nplnou xpavo- T11V <!JllIlSPlOO '0 Aaac; OTIlV
KWVOTOvTlvounoAIl nopaMllAo, 11 TOUe; ouvotolloUC; ,,'H
rAGJOoo 1904) KQl u'AO<:p<!JaTo Tije; 'E8vIKije; rAWOOOe; (Kwv-
OTovTlVOunOA11 1906), ontKTllOav KOl OllllovTlKa (tOTW KOl 6poxu6l0)
apyova tK<!JpaOllC;.
AX.... 17
1tlaWO"
11. Oi<Jop:xyo,
'R fllo.. Cixp"l TOU
y. '1:1 lhp-tl TCQ'J <f!4irll 'to A'I'T:!pr,
O. Aywro<: 'tll,Xo),ij,
E <['OU<JU "''ii, XOAi\,
C Arwro,
"l. Mlxp<ivnpo
6.' lIl,Xpiv'tzpo
70 KATA TO MA00AIO KATA TO MA88AIO
To nov i:v BoJ,QJ ll{JwroolXwv [ ...] 'ArpoiJ
E(JXErp01Jxc xara ,0'1' '1'0/10, Ennoi] oV/lrpOlva /Ii: wv,;
VO/lou,; [... ] 6(ivo(Ja,;l!!cWOT{iva t(lEW'1]'1' yuva,xaWV
[...J Tr,v OW'POrplj 'C11'; OE avri] ri]vX(JcW(JT;{1 xai oml'
yvva,xa'outl.ll'O '1]'1' xaxTj ,OV :rpo,;aim;l'litaywyJ; xtU
wi!;pa{!pa(Jov,;f(JO:rOV';wu, tlJfotpa(Jioy xai rpirm a.n:o
fO (JJrin roiiavli(Jop1J'[ ... ]
To1901 0rrg(jl100iXllC; :::voq)(DV ITUeJ.XllC; bLxa-
arr6cpaollOTll Tllv orrOla,Yla TO ),6yo aVT6,
agVlj811x va urrOYQUljm 0 rrg6EbQoC; T(jJV rrQ(jl10bLXWV.
'HTav, xaTeJ. TOV TgLVWCjlVUibll, llQWT11 rrQO(JTI:eJ.8ELCX
va yux TETOtO 8eJ.'a,>.
'Axv[apl]17 TO
TaU. Ano TO 818A[0 'Aepwl7lvoC; MlJxovla/10C; mimAO "Em-
n011op6-
aKOU, aTOV 1906,a.127.
ENTYllQIEIIAITO fi\QIIIKOMAe]lMA
IEA'TA:::H MIMOTIKOYIXOi\EIOY
(AeHNA,1907-1908):
'0/)a(JxaJ..o,;: "TiOilitijitrE(}l'a;
"Eva,;/laOJraj,." p!"Ef!01.r<la
(Jf(J01JY'i01JXc /lTO avayvw(JT;J7.{) J.i51J itrE(JV5).
'0fidw,aJ.(J,."TiOa:rij:rriJ-a;
<<l1:fi).a Oa 7rij Jt'fliYD>
M51J 7rETW(JJ).
LJa(}'",wM,:"TiOil ;rij;rfvw;
"/I"Itl.).a rpu(Jtl..
L1aaxa)"o,;:"flw,),t-IETalxa)"vu(}afO rpfirvw;
"({'TV(J)>>.
A.L\.[EJ.,J,out;o;],.EiXOVE; anotaU'l0Mola /!a;,
LJcJ.rio'EXJtat!iEvflxov'OpO.ou, f'(1913),0.260.
71
. .
" ,,0000 Kt'(KIJolOt IJnlut .J III e:.nflCb.N Th IM-2HTHCOiHI TO 8.,..
,. K"t TI M ......"c: Ecr cyMoj"lcoy TO Kt...t flTOONt",C y.... B&., IIAI TON IHeoy TON IO'\tJ(trf'foYN. K,'
eTa I'Il\(J, (<pYr : I'fl\' nH( U "'PXHroc KM Toye fmf .:' 9tfc ",no TOye- .\10 IAi5aon6Tl] 'Ayiae; fpocptje;
m,pM T opnp'" 0' npUJTOn<lo.n6.AEC 1<1 6N Toye N&. CAC AErTEp6leoo,; K. h!pnn fJTJ",Nt ..T0
an6TOV A. tvavone
lpUT':l T(. CTON en(lbH,'No::'>' 11)..E-- p.... aa"", Toye ,\EI TIqMTOC ..TI-\OtnoH"" TON
To 8,8Aio, Elll'Ko 0XElilaollE'
?WJ.t,. ru"o.l""'''' . K6.1 an o.lTA 1<1 lloropAC>.N IHeOl' noy '\frTlII XJ>lCTOC;" Toy Afoil 0"01 TOye
TO XhlPc\.J1 TOy 1I.(f-,..UM nc.\ HI f'OTA$EIO eT"Sp<.,Oel ", K/o.... PXHroe ftn. " r..,.n TI f'(.I(U i .. va Tunoypo<pIKa aTolXEia, KuKllo<p6PllOE TO
rio!'> (O,$TO TO XWp6.l1 fKelHO OI$lCOOXW-pocpo KI'eKEINol 010 1l0Ay $<.oH.AZAHe K.ttJ AErANc "N""CT60!p<o-
1901 Kal auvi5t91lKE TO "EuayyAloKo",TWV
we CTo\. ellup.\. TOTEe b-N-l0e'i'e TO EJnW.u.NO MeO TOY tnl", IGO, KI:o HO!lMTOC !,I,mot<Jr"orr(A}C TlnIQT" MhCt
onolwv,novTwc;, i5EV "I rrpWT'l OIT[O.
lepe.ul.\ TnT "POltHH, noy ,\eEI KOl nIoolpOY Tel TpHIVTO' AE'" III'AHrl n p"'- ,M'rMwN@1 0ooprs.o.c. nHre H"pO
TOPf\!'Cf. T'OIlTITI).IO TaU nOI) TI)JHeo\oO ana Xfp" o nf"Qc CTO n'\HOoc Kl'flin"Aewoc 61TO
TOUe :.oue TaU IcpOH'\, KOI Tul:>WKO'l na TO xwpoqu TO &.WA "'!PTO' ECEK q,\,\oncn:,TCTO ".KI'O.AO<: 0 Moc
TOU kp0j.ltba koOwe 0 KuplOC &.noKpl9H Kl'EmE "To"'I""'" TOY <\n<\HUT' MA
157. K. holeoye CTb-OHKe Mnpoer... eTa,. ""rxHro.Kdl 04 n4J.!r.I" loAAC ", TGTEe roye TU BoP605&,.
.To .... e pwrwu: 0 "PXllroc K..... ,\HI" E:CY f'CAI 0 &.c:''\4C 1(.0.1 TOH IHCOY TO",," BOypMyAIC8 KbJ TO,. ru'f"'Ao':U(f
rWN IOYMI,,]).. ;" KI'o IHeoyc TOY linE"Ecy ro Aee ", eI4!poo9t!i
KI'or""l TON .... t<J Ot npulTOrr&nt>,blC to'01 AtfloAQ- 160.. TOTfC t>f T'APXMroY nHpMI!.qv.,
rpoNTOI. "n.... TInOT", Ton'e IT..lAATOC TOT .... px"rE10 TON lucol' KAt .....'l.Zf."t'6.... TftrrpW,TOy O'\H THo
M1:1 ., lIKOYC nou. C MTHrop-oYH;" l<AJ AfN TOY ,porp", K6.1 NTl'NOHTM: TON KOl(l(llfH CTOAH...- TOY fl{
6n(\NTHCli WHe C' .... TOY /loro, TaCO "'c.\nopoyc 0 6p- <Pupee6.... e, Kl',n'\!"'-H (NCo en:,"''II! W4.1 TOY
XHroe Tt)8!'l.AAH Tp1rrpw eTO If;'-,MI, K6J t:TO A.t4 1'uy
158. K... , CKQ'\H <lfXHroc cy"'H8IZI: TOY Xf.pt' roltAnC'tQl, "l1)'OCT6. TOT TOH- ntpm.o.l.i.t.M .....,. ,
$yA."KtCWNO TOY MOl'. OIT'lOoot H&iMH, "-fr... H( 'fI"XOJpnoyM't!:, BAecAo!l 10Yll"'l'U*". KM
KI' lOTtC !PyMI<ICMf...W nOT '\ErOY1'lTAl\I TO.... TO j(Mow,I !<AI TON X'T"oyCNM
Ewe.> AOlno... cy''''C\r/"\c,,,OI, lore eme 0 CTHN K(l1J"'''H. KI'aTboN TON nEpJnAJW. l!Iro.zONT.,.c:TOYi' 4
Oe.4TOC.. IT.0,," One ce.c AE!prcpwcw. TQ 8o'1po\BBA,. TN CTOAH TON {/IfT'YC<UI Ttl. $OptMATA roY..K6.1 TOIl, n .....
H ,TOH IHeo'y, A$lOH noy ..Xp'CTOC i" rWloTl HIE'Pf
p.ute TON K.), Ct\'r4.IN&.NE'" ,japAN c...u
TI'{O(4.no MICoe TON K"OOTAl'oC CTHH'
6NOpto)no "no lHN TOY. !M(a)<o<
C1'EI'\i: H rYNAIKh TOy 1'C&1 roynE 'IMl-+N
-.AC \\lTOH 6rr"pe'f't'oH (16. .... OU(DCfl TO
TlnOT6 M' jj!1(If.I?N TOW rl"TI 1.4 rro.u.t.. """'.
K
I
'Oo6l6 JT"C<.\NE CTO !TOY, TO, _
rr&9w""O'feCT l>t'Ilf.IPO 4\0'1' .OMWC01 ,llp<olTon",,!&.,ueKo.\l '.
CHl.4(1.IN[1 Kapac '-'fpOC,nOr ro IAC:H, fTtlr_
fi\OrrlKEr 1IIAMAXEl:
KOINnNIKEI AIAITAIEII KAI IY.NTArMA
oA. (OpIOTpa) KOI TO npoownJK6
OTO IxoAEio TaU B6Aou (1910).
TcrutOXQovo 1:OV "ExltmlleutlXO'Orll),O lOQV01P<E xcu
!!>0Itl)tlX1i LVVtQOlPla,1tQlDtll OU01tLgUJOl) TUJV
OtrJ)V
Ano Tf-1N Ii\PYTIKH ilPOKHPY::;HTHI
(MAim: 1910\.
To l;ljr?Jlrt ro 'I).WIJIJ!y.o b'OLai/JI'gl'l olou;- rou;- "EJJ:?vc;-,
y!ari /);" elval l;,jr?pa i/Jlloloy!y.o :,' UrWTfIiIOYlY.O POl'(7.
la, ouM ;,jnllJa 'I!a ro 51' y'(lvci
c
0l1f/1Ca9ci Tij J'lI/OTt"ij
rIJv Y.uO!X{JwoulJa ro l;,jT1/pa clva! TOtiTO: ;roul em
'
rie;
JUG y)"O)IJIJc; (iJlJUlrpO(!O iJ:v elva! lCJOVIJW ij q;rwlrJ, wl.!t.
!!wr? ij bVIJa!!cOTIJ XllC.) eI)'{f.! WIpiJ.!flIJ y.ai al'ayy.aia
IJTO 01'0;-' 0'1),aol) c[Vat ;rgal.Tlx;;;-, l;7jr'lp(L i;,-
JTat&UTty.o, Y.O!vwY/y,o x' iOYlxb.
[ .] Xuoaia y)"wuua bi:v iJ1rli(!xn UJTt1(JX.OUIlt xuoaio!
(iVOgW1CO!, "ai ima(!1.ouIJ! :ro)J.oi XUJaio! (ivOgwJrO! Of/!-
Jounce; nJv xaOagcuovlJav. [ ... J
oIWll]TIi; to19\\, [lE-
O'TT] ylJJ. toyAUJOOLXO aQ8go'tOU
H [OPUOIl TOU AV<1lTpoU nap8vaywYlou OTO SOAO
(1908) Tllv TWV olpyaOlwv Yla Tllv upuTPIl
01060011 aAAo Kal TIlV OUVOOIl TOU YAWOOlKOU
TO KnQiOUTlKO. TOU 0
OOOlaAlOTlKS<; KQl
n[oTIl OTllv UPUTIlTQ TOU OTO LXOAlO
,,60011 Kal o<!JTrWia [TOU nQlOUTlKOU sPyou] 6 vso<; 'EMllvl-
oUYXPOVIl KOlvwv[a j.la<; KQl TO TIl<;
'Onw<; TOV lIJUXOPIl O m[meo, trOl Kal TO LXOAlO
TOU SOAOU, 01 aVTlnaAOl TOU OW svav
OUAAOYlKO OTOXO. M Til AITouPyia TOU LXOAlOU
anIAOUVTQI OAQ, ana TIlV KQl TTl 8PlloKla, Tllv AAT)VI-
KOTIlTQ H OAAWOT, OaKTUAou nou j.l TO pouBAla
TOU tWI Tllv [Ola TIlV
unomaoll TOU s8vou<;, mOlXlo TIl<; YVIKO-
n:pT)<;
To LXOAlO SKAIO TO 1911, KQl OTIl O[KIl nou aKOAou81l0, Til
"6iKIl TOU NaunAlou (1914), j.l
TOU (aMo -xapaKTIlPIOTIKQ- Kal TOU EpyaTlKOu
KSVTPOU SOAOU) 01aTUnw81lK Ka8apo, O TOU KUplOU
KQTT)YOPOU, TOU T'\ sKTaoll oUYXUOJ1<;:
ouviOIlOlv OAOU TOO j.laAAlOplOj.lO<;,
dVQl V KQt TO aUTO.
266
nOpOAAllAO 01 0IlI.lOTIKIOTe; OUyKpOTOUV tvo VO OWI.IOTlO, TOV
'EKnatOEUTIKO"Ol.llAO (1910), I.lE oKono vo 10puoouvOTllv vo
npoTuno 01l1.l0TlKO OXOAE[O nou 80 I.IOpepWVE natOla 1.1' aVErtTuyl.lVO
Kol VOl1011,I.lt Kol OUVOI.IIl va 1.I080uv, YIOTI
86 KOTXOUV KOt TO opyovoK08E npoooou, TOUe; yAWOOO.
To OXOAlO TEAIKO OEV IOpu811KE 0 'OI.lIAOe;, oI.Iwe; , Kat,
nopoilo nou AEITOUPYllOE nEploooTEpO we; TWV onOljJEwv
K08EVOe; ana TOUe; TpEle; llytTEe; TOU
TPll rAllvOU Kat MovOAll TplovToepUAAIOll) nopowe; OUMOYlKO opyovo,
OUV60AE OTll OlOOOO11 TWV oPXwv TOU 0111.10TlKI0I.IOU Kat OTll
ouonlpwoll TWV onoowv TOU. LTllv npoon08Elo OUV60AE TO
!'JEArio nou 0'0I.lIAOe;, onou 0IlIJOOIEUTllKOV O11IJOVTlKO OlY-
I.lQTO oUyKPOTlll.IVOU ErtlOTlllJOVIKOU OIlI.lOTIKOU Myou, KOI onou 0
TplovToepUAA[OIle; (we; EK06Tlle; TOU YlO XPOVlO) Ol0I.lOpepWOE KOl
nopOUO[OOE oiloKilllPWI.lVO TO yilwOOlKO TOU OUOTIlI.IO, nou, nOAu
OpyOTEpo, TllV Kat TOU OTllv
fpa/l/lanKr](1941).
01 KOIVWVIKe; OvoKQTQTol;EIe; nouEKOllAw811KOV 1.1 TO KlVlll.IO010
rOUO[, KOl 01 OTO E8vIKO 8IJOTO TllV
TOU 01l1.l0TlKlOTlKOU OTle; OMEe; EKepOVOEle; TOU 0111.l00l0U
6[ou. To KOI.II.IO TWV cPu\EAW8pwv, TOU vou noillTlKOU
nVEUIJQTOe;, no[pvEl8011, OMOTE 0I.lWO KOlOMoTE 1.1 I.Iwa,unpTile;
LlpoOTllPlonOlouvTOl, WOTOOO, KOl 01 OVTlnoAOl.
TOUe; OIOOOXOe; TOU KWVOTOVT[VOU KOVTOU, OAAO XWple; TO WI-
OTlll.lOV1KO 60poe; EKlVOU, OVOOEIKVUt;TOt 0 rEwpyloe; MIOTp1WTIle;,
nou lOpUEl KOl LuMoyov untpTWV nOTp[wv 0I.lUVlle;".
HoUyKPOUOll KA11.l0KWVETOl, Kat XEl TOOll VTOOll, WOTE TO 1911
onpw8unoupyoe; EAEU8pI0e; 80 napavo OlO-
KIVOUVEUOEI TO OUVOAO Tile; TOU, va unOKul(JEI OTle; rtlOEIe;
TWV Ko8apoiloywv KOI va OEXTl va nplAllep80uv OTO LUvTayl.l0 OUO
op8poYla Til yilwooa.To tvaanoyopuEITlll.lETOyilwTTIOll TWV IEpWV
KEll.ltvwv KOl TO oMo TllV Ka8opEuouoa Ert[0I1I.111 yAwooa TOU
KpaTOUe;. H E[XE nEpaOElOTIlV napOVOl.Ilo. l
AEli\OrrO
IflYXAPHL EKDAIt>EYTIKOLOMIAOL
oiXa{Jatw;,ijqonE(}aq 01 agtoq(01 axonol) ,ije;oJroQae;
Oa yu, ,)aiiraonOJq Oa 'It' av,aoJrOJe;
anaYCl'V'I!JtflUJ TOV rJ..n:o ,ou;wuYEVVJj0'lXE
anaa{JXWtfltOwv cura ,ouJrOV aQXUJE
o onlY'lorogtxi] EwaYOJyi] (0 124-127)
oV'tl.JwQa8E'rEl XUL
XWY OTOlXElWY ana "COV \JluxaQTJ IlE W OVTLoTOLxa TOU
n01J Q.xoAouBTJOE 0 ExnOLC>E1JnXO; 'Ollll.O;
0 lC>w; 0 TQlcmacp1JMLC>11;) 010 &h(o XOL n;
ExbOow;101J.
'H llJ,)aia yJ..wooa bwaTat va lR'I01PWIJ!f wq bu:Ovi]q
nvvflJ..ai<wvi<ai qAL!JiOJv xaiovxirwva.7oyQVW1'roil11e-
{Jti<)J;ovq xai wi!HM.rOJ1'Oq, mv :4.!Jta'TOriAovq xat TOi!
vioii ,ijq 'O},vflma,)oq. [ ...] AV ,0 'E)).qVlxov "EOvoq
i<am,)txaoO.ij, tVa Jim"0 av/J{Ja9> xai ,vl'a/xa,,> va
xaw).vlJ!fTaq avSqUELq i<ai roiJ,; avab/!rJ.aowopoiJ,; rwv
(J'IflaTOJ)'xai,avTOVtUflav TWV ijOE).!> elVat UVfl-
rpi{Jov riq ra Kt?aroq va ,)tE).VE JTaVTa ra O"j,oAcia y.ai
'Ta{JbrEfl!U rou, ''E))''IvaJTat,)aq Et'; ra xa!f1lAcia, tva
(jt,)ax(jwatmtav'l"/Vxv/Jaiav,)t,)aoxaJ.iav.
ML1JtQLOJrlI',P7/,o{JLi<oi AOyOI,
t.5, 1911,o. 112,239.
Ktamlvova.'T' o).a "OJ<;' E[flat, ar{Joyyvw xll.i xw-
Jr'lui, fla})..ta{J(H; cllroAvrwq, xai mo" flJ..br01'l'a<;, frOLOI
I7'Iflabcl/ol'WtflE inxiwwvr'l,,aOew{J6'J iJratvoflOV
xai,0 flOV fla)JJ.a{!O,;va
AnD"CO ag8Qo10U DOlcofla ('0Novl'de; 9, 113), ylJJ
10onolo0 f'E rrQooWQl lITJVLOLO ano-
A1JOTJ orro 8ECJ'1l "CO'U O1TJ fQallllaulCl"Cou DOVEJtLOnW"01J
(1911)
r. A. KOI N. narraV'KOAaou (0 \le-
Ttrrma Itva,TO 1907.
LYN'lAIMATHL EMMOI
('A81'lvO, 1'IouvLou 1911)
HC{Ji (j{!'I0xEla,;
"A{!O{Jov 2. I...]To Xc!pCVln> nvv1\.yiwvnllcqwv rTf(JdraL
ava)J.oiwwv Ei; dVov y}.womxOv rv!rov lisro()omq
mvrov, iiVEV Tijq ."C{J0'lYOV/1iv'l'; iyx{Ji(JClJ); xai Tij,; b'
KOJvarav'ftl'olliTaJ1 Mcya}.,,, TOU XgtaTOU 'ExxJ..rWia,;
a:raYO{!CvcraLa,ToJ.Vrw,.
fhl>wi
Al/fl{Jol' 107. 'EJTiln/flO'; y}.woua rov K{Jarol/';cll'al F,(El'
VIJ, a,; ri]v anoiav avvraooovraL TO JroAirwpa i<lli 1:1/;
illqva,qq vOfl0(jwia,; ra xEiflE;la .'f'iil1a !r{Joq :raga-
IpfJo{Jav ratln"iTiflflaat,;asrayo{JeVITat.
ME::::HL:l1HMAPAL
267
f
i
r/UlLl:IKEl: ClIAMAXEl:
Ano Til npOTAIEII ITA NOMO,9ETHMATA
(1917.1931)
\Ii Gt: t,./,.J.I;"'[" ,,::0: ri).((I.
7-i 101". \ 7(:
I'i ",:i 1'li.I'.l "';0".. l('Xi 1';;" ;;9::a.:"
, ..
0'1). 1"11 r.l:;',::',;
4. Ol IlLXQO\ 1O:;L'
bLWte<;
\'auv 10
'0:;1" i-:':2C;I", n !J,.\a. ,:.iZr,. ":,",,.',; AlW.;-;
ill' -:P:;I;!I "(il)c l(.'Xi ,().'
r;, "li i"l'::'t1o';,.
!I:.i 1/.\'1 l! : ... -;"y :;...' "':<;':
:171;: l:::'I'J':"X"
"[., i:;":P.l :::,":.;.', -:o-j
II '1"(T'/';-:<n 'ret 1)16;';172 .,:-;i":",:l, r;:'J l!-. ((;1'.;
...... 1:; ":"i IE .:,-:;1", ... i
..,: 'Ai.i.t) ... ;i.. J(l
...; 77J; tl,.r;
'0 af.';l", 0''';; ; a"':hw >"p
to; 1!c:..""O.
ME TO TOU 1917 (1918-19)
:,a'/ ;),0:1.
('jua IToAu axo","a B,BAia (To 'M-
lr- ...;:'":l :::,' Q:,;r,-:l:l'Jl 'J.!: ;).... ,,,,;;l;ll'/l I
cpa6qn'Jp/ TOV 'H"IO] Ka' Ta IjJqAa Souva), ITOU
aUVaITOTEAouv TO ITpWTO

TaUT6xpovo 100- {'r! i
yauv EVTEAwC; .o,vaup,a
CTT'C; EUPUTEpEC; apxtc; TOU

'An:Opcv'pq UxaV-IITm rtiJpa X(lOapa,
{{('/.Hat
l
Kai oX20poq roii XOIlPOV, :rOl' rOI' (iXOAOVOcf
OIlO Xaft, aXOV-/ETat JTH{j xaOapa, ZvytiJVCt, 8d pou!
PD'. C[XC 1] XOi/"1J pilla xai OTl/UlJfJ1J><E IJTOV
rOlXo ywri rei xolJw ii{:/.wav va rpt'flovv x' q xaU{jUl.
X01'TEUC va 1l!Ctl.0!1' "eEt pov, pOT/Oa J1E va Tov ibO), ra
xo/ita Tov va Xl' JuOavw!
A;u)xTIQ\JYfla (avw.uOlj'tou'tliOllUt\IOU 'tIIS Krwm.avTIS)
TOU IIIj'tl!OllO/,inj KUQucrnusnVTElnl/lOVOS,
HjllJfI. narui" 11 1928.
To 1917 vo OIc'lToYllo 11'1e; -XOPOKTI")PlOTlKO- Ku8p-
vI")OI")e; TI")e; 8WOO'\OV[KIle; OTI TO OIOOKlIKO 818'\[0 TaU 01")11011-
KOU Od'\OUOl va dVQl ySypollllVO de; Thv KOlvhv 01l1,\oullVl")v
(ol")lloTIKhv) y'\WOOOV. To OIOTOYllo SmKUpWSI")KS '\[yo oPyon:po
OTI")V -napa TI")V IOXUOUOO OKOIlIl OOIlSUOI"),
EivQI I") oPXrl1l10e; KQlVOUpIOe; nsplOooU: ono Ton: Il So Ild-
VSI OTO OX0'\IKO npoYPOllllOTO (YIO XpOVIO 1l0VO OTO OI")1l0TlKO), 0'\'\0
we; TO T'\I") Tile; OSKOc:T[Oe; TaU 1970I") OloOOKQ,\io TI")e; 80 npOOKpOUSI
os no'\'\o silnooio.
To Y'\WOOlKO OUVOSI")KE: 810l OPPI")KTQ IlS TI")V
IuvnSIO TI")<; olaOUvOWI")<; Il Ils-
YaAl") OSIPO llc:TappUSllioswv Kat OVTlllE:TOppu81l10SWV nou, Ils
TO-Y'\WOOlKO, TO'\OVIOOV YlQ noMa XPOVIO TI")V sKnoloc:uol").
npWTI") OVT[OpOOI") E:KOIl'\WVSTOI 01lOWe; 1lc:T0 TTlv onoTux[o TWV
epl'\S'\SUSpwv OTIe; E:KAoye; TaU 1920. M[o "EmTpondo npoe;
Tiie; OIOOOKO'\[Oe; TWV Ol")1l0TIKWV OXOAS[WV, OIOPI0I-lVIl
ano TI") vo Ku6tpvl")0T'), TI")V KQTOPYI")OI") TI")e; OIOOOKO'\IO<;
TI")e; KQl npOTE:lVS va KawOlV we; cPyo !jJE:uoou<; KQl KO-
K080u'\ou npoSOSwe; TO OX0'\IKO 618'\[0 nou KUK'\OOPI")OOV OUIlCPW-
va 1lE: TO 6.loToYIlO TaU 1917, H Ku6pvl")0T] OSV oKo'\ou81")0S
TI")V TI")e; "EmTpondoe;. EnovE:pS 0I-lWC; TTlv KOSOpsuou-
00, nE:ploplOs TTl KQl onoups TO OlOOKTIKO 616'\[0 TI")e;.
01 npaan6.SE:ls<;, wmooa, TWV Ol")1l0TlKlOTWV OUVSXIOTI")KOV, AVTI-
OTOlXO KOI al nOA1l101 TI")<; sVTsivavTO<; KQI TI")
ouyxUOI") SSIlQTWV KQl E:VVOlWV nou dxs KOMIE:PYI")SE:1 ono TO npol")-
268
,.'. '. -,,----, "'> ,..
youfjVO XPOVlO. 'ETOl TO 1925 OUYKPOTdTQl 'ESVlKOV 2:UVOPlOV
npoe; KOlOnOAWIOlv TWV tx8pwv KOL OlOSOptwv SPlloKdoe;,
yAwoOlle;, oiKOyvdoe;, lOIOKH10ioe;, tSvl-
Tfie; nmp[ooe;. nOVTWe;, OXTlKO fI Tll oloouvoOll
OllfjOnKlOfjou - KOfjflOUVlOfjOU (nou fllO ono ne; auyxuole;), Wl-
OllfjOlVlOl on TO WiOTlflO KlfIVO lOU KOflfjOUVlOTlKOU KOflfjOTOe;
EM60oe;, we; KQl TO TplTO 2:UVOPlO (AnplALOe; 1927), ouvTOaaOVTQl
OTllv KOSOpuouoo.
2:TO 11 OnAWVOTOV. 2:lOue; xwpoue; onou KUpIOp-
Xouo ana nOAlo (Tllv nOlllOll npwlO KOl Tllv UOTpO)
dxov oToolaKo npoOTSd odyfjmo (OXl novlO XWple;
KQl unp80Ate;) nl0TllfjOVlKOU novTwc;, fjll AOYOTXVlKOU) Myou.
napoAAllAo KQl 11 Yla TO TOVIKO OUOTllflO
nouOUOIOOTIKO OV dX otaKondonOTllv lOU BllAOpo (1814).
To YAWOOlKO KQl nMl KOTO Tllv
TOU vtou 2:uVT<lYflOTOe; nou l/!llIOTllK T'\lKO TO 1927. 2:TO Kdflv6
TOU ov unoPXl opSpo YIO Tll yAwooa, KQl bOl Kal TUnlKO
oopoflOe; Yla TllV WlOllflll Ka8tpwOllTllC; napfIlv, WOTO-
00, TO opSponouonoyopuTll fj1ayAwl1lOllTWV Ipwv KlfjVWV.
nOVTWe;, 000 [OXU TO 2:UVlOYfjO TOU 1927, l/!lliOTllKav Ta vOflo-
nou OUYKP010UV Tllv fjTappUSfjlOll TOU
1929-31. npo anaTO MAO 111e; xapoKTllP10TlKO nou Tll ouvoouv fj
TO nvUfjO TOU KnQlOUnKOu OflfjOnKlOfjOU, 11 fj10PPUSfjlOll OXl
fjOVO npow8d Tll oloaoKOAlo TllC; OMO KOl wavapl
OUVOfllKO 10 SfjO 111e; OXOlle; TOU apxalou nOAIT10fjOU fj TOV VOTpO.
M OloToYfja TOU 1931 YlO 10 TOU IUfjVOOIOU KOalpWV1Ql
11 oloaoKoAlo TWV 0PXo[wv MllVlKWV KlfjVWV O fj-
Topaoll
11 TOU VOOUOTOTOU novnLcmW[ou
8OoaAovlKlle; (1929), 6nou ollfjOTlKlOTe; KaallYllTe;,
va AITOUPyd we; oVTl8apo
Tlle; oVTlOTOlXlle; TWV A811VWV, Kat
va OUfl8oMl OTllV ov0808f1lOll
TWV OX1lKWV MAO
KOl O111v TOUe; i' .
AfLOWC; Jt(lLl', a/,u5. )taL aflOWS [LEta tl]l' tOU
LVvtaWatOstOv 1927,avuxoJtl]xal'QUO Ol]J.!UvtLXS n(lo-
ona8ms waywyTJC; tOv Ol]fLOU)tl.Ouxou itl'vJ.!atOs O
oxo)..<:lu. LtO Ma(lao),ElO f-Loao)tuAlo (<<MaQuoALaxu,
1926) fL tOl' f-),[i.OVSO xalOtO f-Loa-
o)taAdo 8l]AWV 8Ooa),ovlxl]S (<<f-LoaoxaALaxa, 1928)
1-' tOl' MLAtO Kovvto1JQa. H noutov<;
lXE OAU taXagaXtl]QLOUXa )tlvl]StOV Bo),o1J (1911).
toffJ.lXOv/lOU Jro(ltrJ/laelval.:
[](lWWV, OU xai ro o).()v nov Ma(lauklaxwv
avrji<El dr; rijv UEl(IaV rijr; yvwurijr; /}W/lUmr; rrov bvo
y).WUUlXroV i&o).oyul.JV" bt]/lorLXil yJ,wuua, finr; clxcv
duaxlHi leai ix(lt]Ul/lOJroLEilO dr; ro Mllllauk,ovLllba-
uleakiov [... J, tTrOY rrapa rou trAal'bu).ou, "OJ,a
fa !iV.a, al'uO(lTJUy.ctJrlxim]rEr;, y.allivT/-
Oll/or//rEt; E:nOEUCWr;/lEUa, OC/ll!a Xafa
lOU1<11(1io),ix0pou, rijr; [ ..,I.
AnoTO miQUJ/iatTl;cr.Viut{!U111;
:to\)EvlWY'IUEYintaMa{lalJUl/I1Hi.
oA!!Oltayb:'l;
KatatWl'l)'lfL0"tl)tWTWV O-Jl:0 vwgl<; XQL
OL flEtayAWttl.O[i.ol (a)(OfLl] )taL xuglwv OVOfL1).rwv)
Otl] 0 TQLavtacpuAAll)'l<; UJ(.OOl:l]glSL OtL auto.
Otl] "flv80),oyla tOu YAlUOOLXOU
To ltEQLOl)lXO '0 Nov;.dir; 9 (1911) 176 iX aVTlOgaOL
m8El:LXa yLa amovn01J JlaQouolasal'ttOI<;
tloLJ;: ,(Tovr;AEW 'PoVTEr; ita!avitoqJa.vrer; oao Mwi.r; oei
/vovvita!novra{3Qiaitovv rvnw,uiva aura nov,,6.r;aQa-

Vi 'JI'ErfPOl x"bai"urai [".J {jEl' urtt!yov(Jt ro JTlllla.Tav
rar; )4nr; rul'torart]r; y),WUUTJr;, xai 0 fJUI" Ill'
avfJ{!wnil't}r; ).a).uir;, Oa iM.kt [... J. To JTfpif(!T/-
I'OV JrvOayO{!fLOV JTpo{J)'TJ/la bWWJToiiraL Wbf KaOCl'ofi
opOuYY.WVInJ rpLayxWl'Ou ro rwullf!ayxwvo rii;fl.-rOXa-
_ , T... \ \ , ...
Tl"1Jr; revrwOTpa; ELVal OITO Xat fa uUlTa{!ayxwva !lOV
{jiJo a)).owov Jrtii"ou9v lOv. [.,,1 HErtz nj,
fXvapxiar; Eiuaycra/ xai btaM,)cfaL 'I ()taVOI/-
nXl) y.at tlvapxia, uJroOa).Jrcra, *a)oytoria,
tivar{!:rovcaL aiqOLy.ai agiaL Itai vJrolTf:tlwrat ric (JE:/lE-
halOtiItOtl'WVLXOU oixobo/ll]/lalOr;,
KUIVITt<lVTlvO; Allyo0inJe;,
Tit aiwl'ta fJ(Jt](fIIU(1., rM)ulTa,DafUir;,1930.
o tll<; LXO),r'1SlOU [lal'ElTI,()l;'lf1lOU
AG'Y]vwv ovl'exisLtl]VnaQcoool].
o (t880-1956) OE 0116
TaU.
ME:=HL: llHMAPAI
269
IKiroorou rp.\oti, K TOU ljlUOIKoti
ana TOV Kal r.
Mpo). oro ya.\.\a<jlwvo 616.\io Oeuvres
Imdites de Michel Mitsakis, rrou ,lilWTlK6
TO 1957, TOU
vupOXlpoupyoti 'AyyAou Kop6Ka.\ou.
nwc; TOtiro TO crnOVIO 616.\ionp'&X1
TptAoe; TOU M'l106K'l KQI
arroK.\IOT1KWC; orayaAAIKO.
OAa ni Y}"W(J(JLXa mOLXEi'a EivE uE[Jama,
yo}"piiYE va c.i;riju on rO(Ja Y(Jarpopi:l'1]V
y}"wuuav Mv tvvod a6wfJa!;wv VEQ-
EJ.J..'JVLlla, %ouPO>;; iU).a ro).piiu va fiJriju on
%at nil' yAwuuav rou Bai.aw(Jir1]. p' OJ..ov, wu,
iJtwpanupou, r1]" fib ivvoci' 0).0, I 'Ell,,-
VLUP0';; TOApiiu va EiJriiu on rirv Y)'wuuav YOU M1Jvuh",
YOU Ktii.pov, wu l'ovglj, YOU Fa[JgLIJAiOIJ, rirv tit!XLpLyaOa
fllJAaflTj, ob ivvoEi' xat b& rirv aioOavrraL o}"o, bri-
fllJ' (\ 'EJ"i,TJI'lUpOg 'Av Aomov, omJ), jiyEI ogOiJ1:ara (\
XaY!;IJ0tixl;, o;rov o}"m tvvooiiv avyy(!arpEi', rouov bwlpo-
gov" pia dVE y)jjjoua, %ai amai dVE ai OLai.xroi rIJ'.
'H oi y),wuua pii.}"n va EiVE iT OV'!"L(i)V(;vm,
jj;><J)V amwv YWV mOLXEiwv, xw(!i, roiiro va d:rrl onIrpE-
;rEt va ;ravuow va yuarpwvraL, iiYav dYE avayx1J xai i;
a;r),oii YOVOTOV rwv avyygarpiwl', Fpya xai d,ma, xai
EI; ui piJJ,ov, xai av tX. ;rapovmauOij avpLOv Eva; K(!1J-
nxo, xai poD yparp1J Eva lroi1Jpa uav YOv 'EQO)'tOl(Q1TO, va
iprpawuOw tim iUr' y).wuuav YOV va nJv al'aX/II;/l};W
piyav;rOLIJnjv, arpou ;;ai avrov rav 'E'QuYl'Ol(l!lTOV rov bw-
[Jal;a 6.xOPIJ a;r).Tjmw; xai rov vou!lOa {;:ri.{J Jravra iinov
;;ai rov aioOavuat OAO, a }"au; pa" xai rtiv
ayaJrtI aX(!LfJliJ; ci, OLai.xwv Jrov EivE
'1pappio,o, [...]
'0 raflpL1JJ.i(jIJ; aVExaOEV, rpVUtxl/ O(!pij; x' tVOVXgL-
uia; wu JTvwparo; TOV, uJrpwX0ci; d; amo aJro
rpvX'jv rov xa! rip'avtiyx1Jv rov va &.(f'(!alJTJ bt' vrpOV;
JrpoomITIX(lU, ifwwu rov, Five EX rwv Jrpwrwv xara rov;
rU.l'raim'; XPOl'OIJ; pUa1.flf.nafJd; pi Ovvrl/ltv, /1' imw-
;(ial', pi JrgwrorvIriav, ro xgiipa. Kat JT:(!E-rra va roD
aJroi'Jwuwptv upTjv, odm U:v uJra ro 4Jyo lOV
o)JyLflfa If[!aypara 8a IIEivow, iT iJriopaui; TOV opw, iJri
rlj,ovyxpovov IfilJ.O),OYtxij; '1tvcii; {;,'rlj(!t; pcya}"IJ,
CIVO Jwgaygw:pm OIlO VIlO xbo011 a
TOV MLX. Mrp:oax11, IlOU qJ gou" TO" 1LT),.O rAwamxa.i
(yg. 1893 KE.).
EKiTOO TOU MrroC1T. 1959.
rAOl:l:IKEl: I1IAMAXEl:
ANOIXTOI AOrAPIAIMOI
H VTOllAlOIKll (,,8SAW Kal ypo-
8ISC;"') TOU AOYOT8XVIKWC;
QTOAaVTOU. 8mmllIJOVIKWC;
IJOU, KOlVWVIKWC; onAllmou 4JUXOPll,
ano TO llapiOla mllv E:napX1WTlKll
IJ8yaAo'(o8aOIJSVIl TOU 1888,
S8AQljJ8 Til Aoyon;xvlaIJaC;.
LTll 8EOT\ TOU KupLapxou Ka8a-
P8UOVTOC; O)(OAamIKlOIJOU-IJaVOaplVl-
OIJOU, artAw811K8 8a8IJIli56v Evac;
O)(OAamIKOC; Aa'(KlOIJ0C; -TOU onolou ano-
11 aVOUOla, OOAOIKll OIlIJO-
nou IJac; E:nS80A8V 11 IJ8TOnOAlTWOll TOU
1974. To ouv8no aUTO CPQlVOIJ8VO 08V SX81 aKoIJIl
8napKwc; ol8P8UVll8d KQl avaAu8El. IOLWC; IJE yvwIJovaTOV n8plo-
OOT8PO dT8 A1YOTEPO npo8uIJo odKTll: aMri8wpouc; (lloAll IJa KQl
llapLOl!) avayvwm8C;, KalYAWOOIKO AOYOTEXV8C;.
Houola8lVQl nwc; mllv onouoalol
IJaC;, E:nayysAIJQTOC; ri Kal 8K OiyAWOOOl
KOVOUAGKllC;, MllTOOKllC;, llanaotQIJOVTIlC;), IJ8 TIIJlllJa Til
OUv880T\, 11 onola 0)(8i56v ana Tllv 8UTUXWC;
8PllOKllv, TOU =8vonouAou.
6EV 8a aO)(OAll8w EOW IJ8 TO 8sQTpo. XOPll movL:nupo Euayy8-
AGTO, avaKOAuljJa noaa KaAG n8pVOU08 Til pOIJna" 11
KWIJWo[a TOU ToO KourpouillJ a raJ.lOC;, Yla TllV onolav 01
IJac; nwc; TOV MnooT.
CAMo, nouTOC;, <1JQlVOIJ8VO nou IOlaiT8PllC; 18vEa-
AOYlKO, OT\IJElWVW nwc; mov "EpaOlTExvll", 8do TOU,
8. xpwmOIJ TO IJOVO OUOTlllJaTlKO V808Mll-
VlKWV OUVWVUIJWV). ?a.
270
[..1To {mjY'lIJa ),otJrOv ij 1/ Eixwv ij ro lTECOV ij ij rpavralCi ij ij aOl/vaLxiJ adi" EfrE
OlTOJ, &)).OJ, OiM-u ovofJIxaarE ro, lToii aa, ariUw VlTO Tqv imyparpqv To lTapcmovo
roD Magpapov, biv iy(Jarpl/ xvpiw, ro lTpwrov ijbl/. Eyparpl/ [ ... ] xara Mapnov, x'
ibl/poau,:vOI/ TOv'UVJ,U;' You 1890 XaTa lTpwrov, VlTO rOv rir).ov ,(H g).i'/Jl' roD Map-
papov, Ei, lTEpwb,xov n, hyOpEVov /\ rnxov MOVaEtOlo" Ei, 0' poD ElxEV EJ.OU TOrE ij
ibia va avvEpyaaOw [ ... ] Ev rfi ikribl lTW, plTOpODaE [iaOpl/{)6v, xaxa-1/JVXpa, ano
Ei;wvoyparp7IPivov aaxJ.orpvJ.J.ov OlTOJ, ETxE a{JXirT(f va iY.bi&TW, va poprpOJOij Ei, rplJ.O-
J.0Ylxi,v xaljJoEmOEWpl/mv [ . ] Eyparplf bE xaO' O).a E" Tqv xparoDaav fW, Topa lTap'
I]I'LV Y{Jwrrr,v yliiJaaav, ijv 0 xoapo, iavvEiOWE va JiYrJ xaxoCJj),w, XUOuQE1JOUaUV,
{),on ci, aVrqv poD fi!!Xovro rOrE aVroparw, Ta voJjpara lToD JjOul/aa va ixrp(JaaOJ,
xai d, aVrqv ivopwa oppJOprpVrOJ, on ElTPEJrE va ro ypa'/JOJ. Ij'JaivETw bi va ijpWE d,
oaov, TO iO,a[iaaav, x' braivov, apxerov, ijxova' alT' rov, oJ.[yov, lToD lTpoaixovv x'
Ei, aVra ra Jfl!aypara (IL' aVro, x' i(jiw, b,a rqv y)Jijaaav rov, ijv wplaxal' pEya).w,
CWI/PrXv. OEppijV xai movov, i!; oJ.oxJ.tjgov bi U{}poCovaav xai f\OVlI" avrijv U{}poCov-
aav Ei, ro Oipa, xw: tmwxoDaav brOPEvW, ivnJ.w, rT,v roarp lToOl/rqv Ei, rpl).oJ.0YlXOV
it.JYov (JUVTaVrwlY iMa; xai poprpij,. Ai xpiaEL; ainw, uv xai xo),axwovaw rqv rpl-
Mwrial' TIll' lJVyyparpLXtlv pov, ijpxwav opw; JrEpl[pyW, xar' o)Jyov xai va p' iYIYt),oiiv
xoppan, II' lxapav {)i va lJV)j.oyiCwpw rXviaw; ij lTTWm pov fjJ.L'/J" roD Mappapov
0' am,Ti!yxavE xai roaov, lTpaypan, tal' poD ijpxETO ij OPc!;/; avri Tij; yJ.wa{l1f' Ei, ijv
a{JXlxw, rijv EY{la'/Ja, va Tqv Eyparpa E!;a({fVa xaviv dJ.J,o iY. TWV vlTapXOl'TwV ib,wpa-
TWV, xai Ei, aVTo axoprj ).X. ro pii)),ov rpWVOPEVOV iv al'nOiaEL JrPO, TO Oipa, ro bl/pon-
xov. 1/ axf:1/Jl, bi: aVTJj, irp' oaov brpoXWPEL 0 xat.po; p' aJrwY'to).oDaE xai IT),,,,orEpOv,
waorov xardJjrpOl/v 1iJr0 TIll' hrdJvfliav va ibw xai aro rila" av Oa
Toao bvaxo),.ol' va yparpij xai Ei, JI/ponxqv yJ.waaav, av Oa flJr0poDaa va ro Eo,Wpl'(]
rvxov bixw, v' alTorvxw, iiv iv rowVrrJ ."lEl!IJrTWaEL OEVa IJTOV avra!;ia, XE/porEpa ij xai
xaV.t.riga Tij, d, xaOapwovaav, x' tv yb'['1 lToiav 6ljJlV Oa iJ.ap[iavE, wraJ.J.{waovoa
POl!/prjv. BaOPlf/)ov Ji, xwgi, !lXEbov va ro xaraM[iw, ErpO(J,aa xai Ei, TO va xaOJjaw
a)'lfOw, piav till4Jav xai Tqv ypaljJw xai ci, r)ljponx,jv, XaYiV roD tam:oD pov piJ),),ov,
xai OiiTW, aiUJ rij, a[rxawlTpFJroiJ,; ixEiVlf; e).hjJEOJ' rov Mrll!papov JrapJjxOlf
a,Tl!O(JbOllljrw, ro ).aixov aVro IIagalTovo roil Ma(}fIU{}ov. Kai W, 'T(JO, piv TOV rpo-
lTOV rij, IJVVOiaEW, xai ro iirpo, cv YEvEl, oUr' iCJjTl/aa, oiirE &Tpr.JrE [ii[iaw, OVrE Oa
qpnopovaa taw; br'XELPO)V Tqv OiOVEi /IHUIjlQUOlV (nfTJjv, v' aJrOl'axpul1iio roD lTpOJ-
rov ixEivov vJror)t'iyparoe;, b,on ravra OEWpW ibwriPOJe; xai aJro"JHanxw, IrtEbi!v
al'ljxovra de; rov IJVY,/{JarpEa, ural' oinoe; Eil'C IJV)"/{}arpwc; a}'lffllvO" xai a,ToTcJ.oiivra
aVrqv TqV !f1vxiJv TWV 19ywv rov. 'E;r;{Joa,TrlO1)au opwe; xaT' almiv VIZ rllTorpVyw lTiiaav
eLT[' Ji!;lV eLrE TVlTOV) Olm, pov crpaiw:ro anop(tY.pVl'O/lfl'O, roD b1Jponxov xapaxTij(Jo,
rOv OJrOIOV ijOtla va :;rpoabwaw d, Hi E(J}'01' xai P1l 0' yEVlxWe;, liv OX' .Tapa T0
),wp nov ayplOv, rov).aX1arov opw, xai Jrapa T(.o Map cn avrliJ TWl' JroltEwv oJrov opw,
tlfj;' ai
t
1Uv Ij Jao, J& /-IOU .TUI,JEIXE blO),OV nil' xaralJ.I/'Wv TlJ,TOV ij nIl' JislY, iXElWt
fa (nroLa /lOU JrapLLX[' pou trpaivovro Duva//EVa va d)2Olwaouv TOV "aOo)ov TOVOl' xai
axom}v TOV tpyov, va pETaXElpWOw avu)oya PE ra rou .T(jwrov VJfobdy-
paro, [ ... ] Tapa, liv ro plXpOv aVro Jrd(Japa i,TErVXE Ii aJrErVX1, fi, ([}J.ov; pE[iaiw,
a:;roxElrw va xpivovv' a))! ivvofirw ;r;we; ij xpiale; TOW, rare povov OEVa EXU ;r(Jaypa
TUtTll' nva (J1lpaaiav, Oral' E]l'E ixEivwv oi OJrOLOl iJrim" xaJ.a yvwpiCovv xui Tql'
TO{}a c.Tlxparouaav Jra{J' ijpLV We; y{}aJTTljv yJ.Waaav xai ril" J1JPon"Jjv, biv xarixovTw
,':;ro :Tpoxarai.JjljJEwv ij XaTa auvO,jxljV ouflJraOElwv xai avrlJraOElwv crTE b,a rqv pial'
dlC J,a T7Jv aV.Tlv, i'joov M "(l;r;OWV OlIYXPOVW, cfbljrJl\' xai E[VE d, Oimv v' avrl).ll-
rpOoiiv rov, aYllarpovc; xai pvarlxoil, VO/IOVe; n" rY.ppovia. xai roD puOpoD, oi'nl'Ec;
rT,v ,TOI.lfW';/V JrECoyparpiav, de; ljv avJjxrr ij '1JlM))OY1"q am:1j aude;, "ai OfT/VEe;
E[VE Jro).v ihvOEplWrEpol xai aOpWTOTl:t2Ol xai W{}VTEpOl xai JrOlXI),WrEPOI, a)),a Jla
rovro a1lf!lfJwe; xai Jro)v pii)).ov tOWe; oua"o),.wTE!!OI xai de; avriJ.lj1jJlv xui de; lTJ.Jj-
{}wO/v, Jrl1.l!a aVroi oi TIle; xlli!iwe; JYOPfY1je; ,TOItlaEw,.
Mlztl.1iJ.. To F),f!JaaLXOv ZJjTljpfl EV 'm.)J(OI. Mia rplJ.O),oYI"TI LE),ie; d, Jvo
J).wuaa" {mo MIJTaCLZIJ, ABip'u, 28
lvli Ta lTobw alTaapEv' alTO TO yovaro, pi Ta XEPW xop-
pEl" alTO TOV ayxwva, xoirETw piaa aro povaELol' TO
lTaUI/Xapl TO apxalo. MwolTwpEvO aro oE!;i rov :;rhvpo,
yipvwvra, I;cp[ia ).iyo ro "Erpa).l, dVE galTJ.wpivo, oJ.ofJo-
J.o, alTavw aro !;v;"vo arJjplypa rov, xai rpaivETw a)(Jav
va xvrraCu ro tblO rov ro xoppi. /\xi{mo alT' ibt{!'l a'
axplf, TO awpa roo rcvrovETw, aav xani)J;Vx' ovuporpav-
raapa wpa.tOrlfra, xai yEpO(FOVIf,. Tije; yJ.uxuiie; waav
xoplrawv, Tije; lTaV.l/xapiat(]e; aav ij(Jwa PO(}rpij, rov ro
iiJ.arppo aJjxwpa, [iaaroVvE, roD E!;aialOv J.alpoD TOV fJ
xapLTOJpEvE, ypapp,. f1Jro ro a[i4Jxo rov :;rou axvpJ.
;"yaxl, rpWYOUVE JriawOE) aVOlxrie;, fJ buvau', :;rJ.aTEe; 'TOV'
pa alTO flJrPoara, ra arJjOw rov OpOOVOVTW., WPOJ/TTa,
arplxra, pi rpovaxwpiva, !;avappEva Ta [ivCa, aa Val' r'
ava{l1fxOvU 0 JrJ.ovaw; ZUpo" lTOV ava[igo.!;l cl1Tol'ioa
rov,. H pam roO', paxpva, [ow, xllufJaivEI) XW{JW/lrnl
PE av),J.xl. [iaOv, xai rv),iyu, Me; :<ai ro [iU.TJ.C;, l1.Toxa
rov alTO ro Ji{Jpa, TO xavovlxwraro 'l'Xlo.OIPO nov 1(01(-
"a),wv xai ro a!;l"xwptarO Jialpo rove;. pi Ta
lTJ.Evpa JrJypEv' U{}povlxa, Tlova PE T' a}J.o, ).vyiCt;ral ij
p{l1f rov ij J:;rTJj, Jrov ai: lTaEl pa).aXa-flaJ.axa, ano TO
avbplxo rivTwpa rwv arl/Owv rov, d, Tije; T[JEpapEVIf;
rij, avOwpil'1j, aag"a, TWV lTWlYOJV rov ni" arppobiat(]
ipp0(Jrpla, ara pVOpl"a payt(] TOJl' ).ayapwv rov [ ..]
M1ITauxl\S, "To rrugu.rrovo -coli /lUg"CLgOU').
Mi: rcOpavapt'va, xvJjpa, ix rov yovaro" IjXPWTlI(JW-
apEvove; am} Tije; w)i:vrJe; rov [ipaliovae;, XaTaXElral i:v r0
IJOvocirp 0 aPia10, Erp1J[io,. 'HplX).t.vije; bri roD Ot:swD
JrJ.EVPOV, arpirpwv fl'XPOV Jr(Jo, ra aPllJTE(Ja nj' xEffa-
i.ljv, a,T).oVral xara pijxo, bri roD [iu0{Jov rOil,
xai rpaivETUl We; va JrpOlJ[iUlT!I Ei, TO !'bwv al')pa TOll.
'Aguoe; xara Jravra, 0 xoppo; avrov, iXTt'iVETUl, ,Tawv-
xov OVElPOV xaV.ove; xai w(Jwariae;. Tije; y).vxt:!ac; we; :<0-
plj, xai U{}(1EVO;:;rij, W, ijpwo, poprpFjc; rill' iJ.a!(g/ll'
E.TagOll' al'ilEl rov TpamJ.OV it f;VnJa-/lpO, xa-
ple:. ElipELW rpdr;ovv oJriaw) aJro ToD ilPi:pa >taII-TroPE-
vov alrXfTOe;, ai i(Jxvpai (OP0Jr).aTW, iv0 ra Ef/JTl!O,
Oy'WUl'TW ra aripva, pwpaUa) 6'1:Ol'a, flE oTyo;ixo"ra,
xai mJ!plywvra, roil, paarove;, waEi V,'rEyl'l!JopEVa 11 ToD
:;r),ovaiov xvpoD, rou y.vx),oljJop0iivro; piaa TWl'. 'YTO [ia-
Oda, av).axoe; rEflVOpiTIj xarafJaivEl 'T {,aile;, pax(Ja,
wOvrEVJje;, JrEPlfJa)),ovaa Tljv pal'wJopEv1f1' U:;r.O TO I)Eppa
XaV01'lXWTar71v rwv oarwv bta,,,XaOlv xai TIll' abuirm-a-
(]TOV ovvbmm I1=Jj, PE Ta, lTJ.E11{J(,.;
Jr(1I)e; aUJj).a, iv appovl;(!llila(j0X!I, yi.alflll!/i, xOMoVrat
oarpve;, pa).aXO)e; pETayovaa, turD TWl' or4!vwv n]v
avJpwblj mamv, ff{}O, rij, avaOa))ovUtj; xai :ra}J.opE-
VIf' aU!.)xo; TOJV vwrOJv rill' iffa/rgoOLTOl' EIJ/lOfJ/f'iav, xai
TWV ilrXiwv ij rwv ),ayovwv Ta W{JVOlta Oi}'Y11l{)a [ ...]
i\hllt7UX1\S.
'II OA'i\llIS tOU ,UX,Qf\UQOI', Atlilvu 1890.
I' n LABBI6HL:
271
4. .... ... I ..:
rd,oloYPOljlio TOU an6 TOV :AVVI-
VO. 0
TOU Ku.v.wna TaU (MKO MaUlOpou,
Kou<pra t\16pnouk, 1915). EKEi, aKUKAwnac; npIYPo-
CjlTal tIl<; riya<; tva11011 KI 0IlOPIjlIO
Alto TOU [EOJQYLOU ML(J1QLW-
11] (J11]V KQialV wiiBovwlvaiavllOlrjWiOV:4ywvoC;, 1871:
To aVro rU.1JOi; lllp,xov ixCI xai 0
uvlloJ'liv ravT1J'V, elval UlTVrCTayptvq fi,
ylwuuuv. 'I Jrol"nt, lTJ<o:rov ixc:' 'Va
X{!ovay l.o(}liae; n'je; xa(JfJiae;, avavcl{,l(}I/rWe; it roO
).aoVy.l.wuua Elval ro EJrtJ'T]5wjrato'VJr.l.ijxrgov...
Alto 101> (J1l]v K(!u:nv rov Bovwlvaiov[JOLrj-
wwii:4ywvoC;, 1873:
11 UlJJ.MJyl} ailn], YEY{JalJPtvq tv bnavq(Jwxfj ylwIJllTJ,
VJroflllJvrj(Jx/' rirv lrol1Jmv roli1Jt:'/w.ov ,TOll/TOV rije; Za-
XUvOOIi [... JDUrie; Jr{Jwroe; xartlia5fY on Ii /jl/lJOnxq
itlJtiJVylwooa,o(Jol'/I,,:rorE,TTOJ'ri"ajeC{!axwptvqxaitil'
.'r,TOUOn, Elva' mlvroJ' iXal7f I'a irviJ.Or1lJixDl<; ExFivov
"1"0/1 v1/Jove;, tv QJ UlIvrjOwe; aiOqiO{JalJovc:,aeroi tiuilTJ<ov-
ralva 50Ml.0/j(!OIJWUIV [...]
1/ ovJJ.Oy7f avnl [...1tyeaip1J tvXDLV" ijliTJlJortxfi y).WIJ-
ay, i'fTt; aJJ.OTC ':l:rcx),cu:ro TOI' ayrovo,. AiiT'], lv TO
MWjitpMfl xai tv rfi J.1I{!IXfl elvaI tivayxaia,
I/ti{!t;;OWIi it TWV{J,p.l.iwvYElV!1 oixoyevlaxq. 11 rije;;.v-
(JIJ/ije; lrOLTt0EWe; yJ.6jooa, liv[;(// ,T{!O{)f!WflOv va Olf"'/tii(nl
ra aiq(JTtpara wii Jr{!bw va ""at wwvO/, ola
EX wiiOTO/iaroe;miiao,!joiiI'a EioMm wOue;de; fOU,pv-
l.0Ue; rije;Xll.poiae;, P'lM).(}je; bU:{!l.0pn'1] dtlx rij;lilOl'oiafi,
tvlixaira tpAOYE(!Wf/;(J1l. ll.iq(JTtwaa yll'OVTat ,Tayc:rw;,'1.
AiUSE,;, ii;qXOVOE ne;]Tapa IJ1JT{!Oe; xa; TW1' abrJ,ipwl',
at ({iptl.UEte;, afrlwe; L'xtJ'1IJipWoav ro JT(JWTOV ;'((JoyiJpl'a-
opa nov l/JdJ,l.Oparwv xa; ).a}j/'J'1]parwv aUroii, t"XOIlO,
yJ.vxdae;avapvrjon" jivlJT1]{!lwlil/xaiaYla(PQ1'nvaluro-
{!iav, div urC(l0f!VJ'a, ai}4c" aitivr}.IIOctUa,. EX 1'WI' J.t:-
SIXWV xa; ml'IEVOEioal f.y rfiINliIJY. 1'a,Usn, ravme;
qxOUU[ rre; avEV TWV aiJJraIJpwv xairmvIW/j,apaTwl'TIl,
I'"rgo;, oiv(TIm/IT//OET' tv rai;alf1] 'lurO! Toif JW;; Os;
/jivtYW9!!IOEVI."wie;l/trOOlC; Tij,y{!aia;;nl;;oixoycl''iae;,
xai r5l1i WUrWI' Ii", Ta r{!lItpC(la ni"vcavlXij;;
itNitia; aiIJ(JTtlJam !,era rwv O!lq)JX(})I'. 'ExaOTl/ }4,,,
Ua'f/I,xailivIlval,clvmOI!oum}xailjJV"li!ti,
orav liivJr(!lfJaj,),1Jral ri]v jilllJT1]{!,w511 ramI/viuro!!iav.
"OnII'alUiiae;>laO'alrti;liiv;'Vvavral va JrapauxwUt
xl/Il/II "VVOlIl.V {JVvapi:vllv va ;r}Jf{!ti>U// rOv VoVV xai
'l'Oaay pix{!L rij,x(JlJiae;, yi1'E:ral drjJ..uv EA mmou, onoi
litalcy6pfYiJIaswvutl',fvajJU;TiJJOt rae;>ltvfton;
rwv o",Oa),pwv xai rtie; OT.(JOipae; rrov y{!ajillWI' roO .T{!O-
ow:rw.Tie;dVvaratc.Ti paxl/ovl.l!ovQV va avqOlilila}.o-
yov, xaO'bv 0uvvofllJ.qn};E-I,l aUaxoVEO'T.{!al'jiitrol TO
,Tgoow;rov ij roiiro xexalvplJivov; Kai OIJW; TOlirora,
elvalaiEx rtiiv}5'X(OVaVT).rjOEioat Usn;...
272
,I\OILIKEI lllAMAXEL
o rAnIIIKOI AXTAPMAI (1888-1906)
'OAOl OUl1tflwvoul1 nwe; II AOyoTsxv[a l1ae; tflTe1V1 O OTa81111
110VO 11 Tllv nOLllOT] Ma nwe; 8a oUl1616aooul1 TOV LOAwl10 11 TOV
KaMo;TovBaAawplTll 11 TOV BaAaWplTTl Ka8apsuovTanOAl-
TlKO 'H TOV MlOTplWTIl we; np04JUxaPlKOV ona06 TTle; 0llI10Tl-
TouAaXlOTov npOKE:ll1tvou YlQ TTl nOlTlOTl; nwe;
on0110VOe; KpaTlKOe; l1ae; Yla TO Bpa6lO NOl1neA 0
IIQTi Tl TOU naA0l10
TOU LIKSAlavou 8TlT[ae; OTTlV Ka8apuouoa; nwe; 0 ooupeaAI-
Avoptae; El1nlpIKOe; ulO8tTTlO Tle; AAllVlKOUpe; TWV I1Ta-
QJpaowv TOU IOUAiou Bpv; 'Eva owpo avolXTa nou
anQlTOUV vea 8WPIl0T], nepaana KElVTlV nou o<j)El-
AOUI1, anoTO 1975, OTOV alI1VllOTO EI1I1. I. Moaxovo.
npoa8tTwnwe; ranalolaTWV "l1npOOTapTlowv" TOU
4Juxaplol1ou KaTa KQvova ov ypu AATlVlKo.: nx 0Ko8oAIKOe;
EpVOTOe; 4JuxaPile;, yyovae; TOU "tflWTlOI1EVOU" Pvav.
Ma KOl 0YIOe; TOU neTpou BAaoTou KOI TTle; KOPTle; TOU Af..e-
naMll, orav TOV yvwploa, tfllAOOotfllae;
OTTlV KavTa6ply[a, 8UI10TaV 110VO I1la "l1napl1nOu-
Vla" .. "8El1a Yla lVQl Tl OTA-
xwv TTle; aYYAoXlWTIKTle; ErQlP[ac;
Ralli Brothers (1818-1955;) OTTlV anonlpa m6o-
Me; Tile;
LTOV AATlVl0I10V 0KwvOTavTlvoUnOA1TIle;
KQl AIYUnTIWTTle; Ka6atfllle;. 'HTav KaT' avaYKllv noAUyAwOOOC;. Ma
onwe; nI1lV OTTlV TOU UrtI1KOOTTlTa, eTm KOI TTl
EKtflPOOT]. AUTOe; KUp[We;
TOV "11lKTO alv\a V0l1l110" 0P0I10 OTTl AYOI1VTl 110VTEpva nOlllml
napaKal1nTOVTae; TTl "POUI1AlWTIKTl", TlnE:lpWTlKll KQl SnTavTl-
napoooOT]. Ma TOUTO dVQl alv\ouvounana6ayytAlO., ..
'0 ,Taripaq pOU, Jra(!' oJ.a ra paxgta xgima Jrou
mi]v fl.yyJia, (jiv sCiaO ;rori ri]v 'Elliba,!lt dXE 'ppovri-
an va pii, lpipEt aJro XEf pta baaxaJ.a yu! va paOouj.U
iJJ.1']vtxa mo<;, a' aura, povaliti/o Jrapa-
liE/ypa avapwa mouq "EU1']VE, rovq i:'/!laulTrTJpEvouq
OTi]v fI.nMa). "Enn, ,Ta(!' aJoEq riq (jVl7xoJJ.c; rou sivou
.Tgl{Ja)).vvroq, xarupOwaapt: va paOovp OXmxwq !laM.
[... ] ri] P1'JTPl.XiJ paq yJ.wal7a. [ ... 1Mc Ti] p1']riga POV
pl).oVl7a}l anmca (Ta m.1']VlXa ra pa, wq fEVV11PivT}
OTO Aowlfvo, ra iyyJ.i1;lxa it!xOvravc mo wxoJ.a), pi:
rov :raripa pa; /ipmq ;-.ai ri] vOva paq puovaapc mhTa
w.1']Vlxa.
A.A.nill1l" SEVlJrE}livOI ")J.'/VEq, 1954,lJ. 40.
To TOU OIlOU "'1-
Mo 510'!'OPTIKE<; XpovoAoyi<; KOI 01
/lilo (ApXio NEou

Tov iarpo </>wrw.b1'] aJro ro aOlfio xai pi Jro)).-i]v asia {Jt{JAio rou To DU)(J(JI;(QZll-
-r1]I1(( 1(' 'EXJlmbnrtLxlJ /las 'A\'ayEVYI)lJU;. Elva, r0 ihrn Jro).u illbwlpiflOV ro JrflOOll).,/TJ/-
pwvauro. 7'0 xar' ipi, ro iYXflivw JrAqfliOTara. fJa alTTEfo va Oaf}{Jof!pE on va
({Ju2tiyoup ri]v iJJ.1']VLXi]V yAwaaa XMWp<.'vq piq lTTa {Jt{JJJ.a povaxu [... ] ITgbw
va {JyEf pi Olipfloq xai va Jra(JovawafJEf a' 0).<> ,iq axian; rou {Jiou. Bi{Jaw E[vat anJxrJ/"a
Jrou arm, i] iU1']vtxi] y).6jaaa JrOU Ebra, liiv dvm oJm; btoAou *j'liuz ylll olou;
rouq li1']ponxtlTTaq. fl.JJ.a ro aWl11pa aUro f-rav avayxaaTLXo Jr(Jaypa. Iri]v Ct.gl'i [..11IUx
XOtvi] iSiYEf!m; xara xaOa(Jcvov01']q, pdJ. xo/.vi] JrJoaJraOaa i/vWVE rou, 01JP0Tl)/l.Ula;,
xal oi thalpopiq rwv ovlTrTJparwv rwv, xai oi xaJJi.rcxvud; xJJ.aF.J; JrEf)i nil' krpl}aOlY I ... ]
lJitt:J.avOavav pEv, aJJ.a liiv iyivovrav Ipavgiq xai /h'-v rou; btulgovaa", Mi rOY XUlgo,
opwq, Oral' iliUl'apwaev i] oJ,,1'] b1']}lonxiJ, ii(rxwav va oi o1']ponxllTTai Eiq o,uil>a;,
xai va {JyaivoUl{)UI.IpOpOt avnJ.iJl/Jnq JrE(!i yJ.aJOO1'];, N' iviorE a!!Vobcvpiw,;, cI; rll'llq !;1']),w-
ra"Iii iJ.fjxcri]v ipJraOna. rurav Ipvmxo va yivn ETlJll!; airiaq TlI<:; imligt!.ITEw; Tli; NaOa-
Qcvov01']'; LTi Tof! Jrf}Qipoimwf! J.oyou.
MC(JlXoi-aJro rouq elPIl/ xai
va Ouata170llV /))..ox).1J(JY!
T1'Jv xa(/t!cVo/}(f/4 (kv o-ripyotw va y.u-
rat>f.Xaaovv 0).1/" nil' yJ.wl7m.xi]v i(rya-
aia 110q aiwvoq (xal JT4!LUaoTEfJOv...),
;<oI t-[vat JrpuOV}lat va :ra{Jl;liexf1oVv 0Xl
PUYOV }iSElq (UTi] Milia TOU, pop",Ii)
l'qJxaia<;, W.J"J, xul Yf!IJ.ppanxov, T1'Jq
ro,TOV;, Oral' oi USE/<:; xai oi TV,TOl auroi
rouq rpaivovrat Ii ,rou bi(Jaaav un/v
0fitJia rwv ;7:o1.<:wv, Ii ,TOU llVvrEivovv elq
rov JrJ,ovrwpo xai elq rov wpai"apo TOf!
W,1']Vly'OV J,ilyov. Jill Uyw OTt /it" 017.
frav xa))iTEfla tI.;r' litr'J.iiq i] ,J(oaaa,
ari]v T1'Jq IlOfllfiO-
J.oyill, v'avamvl0ri anJ.OTEf}a xal tJ}la-
Jim.(la. fl.N.a 0 aJroxw{JUJpoq aJro rr,v
b1']ponxi] iytvtll :T!jo ;roN.illv
yCVEWV' ipEfq lii rw!!a imlTT(JirpOVTEq;
ari]v li1']pou;<i] yJ.waaa EipEOa 7T!}Oln!U-
V1']rai [... J wJ.aPcfq y.ai I1II"Xn'tTPivOl
7(0/) p:r;aivouv piq at rifl-.Vo" "a! Oit
{JyaJ.ovfUo, {Ji{Jaw, oJ.o r' aTE',(l'(} llToJi-
Ow xai Til. Jrgtrra vrVllafll .TOj, TO
aJ-iti XWQi<:; fiia xai ZWf!I,
pi]v ri'Xl'I xa! 6&owDpc
xai Iliq 1m) awpo liTo{J(!il/JOIIJlc-oi
aV071rat-Xal'lua paJ.aparivta ),liIWOO ii
xaviva ;a{Jwno aJro J.apJr{}o aE....Thl'l.
H wu K. IT. "pi-
1:Qlolw811 ow.l-wQrpOJpEv'l TOUAaXLGTOV (lITO TOV 1')06,
'J!a[vnaL ana 0XEOIO TOU, onou TO cOTE oX[JvoaAIJJOE nQo-
TOlJ Jlo).iuxolJ YC'I.LOU . ITana.
'H Jrgwraaw; II liua;<oM; p' i'xapav JrOAU va poxO/iOIr) Yia va yivw 1<tl.r010, rife;
j-\ yJ.wt1ml>. Ti I<glpa. 'il>' xari{JaJJ.a-liv }Ii: ro iJrirfluav if til';, raJ,,-
}.txi] pi OI'OW XiJiJatp1']-TOuq iMov; xo:rov; OTi]v ra)).J;<'i, wwq a' aim]v [ ... Jwi p:ro-
pof!aa va X(fpa!;ovpovv f).w8Ef!wupa.
LDfl'J!OJva 1' paQtlJQLa TQU E. M. FOIster (1919), 0 excpgu1:,owv JlQocpoQt)(Q
aVETOJ a'(y)"m[XC!lyUHWTL.
I n IABBILiHL:
273
KmCt lOV OQWOI-lO lOU r. WIO
Tllv AxaOTJPLaA8TJvwv (29 1929) fliATJoav OL
/'>.. AL"(LVljtllS, Egg. L%clOOllS, Ll'lfL. [g. KO[L;WUgOyAOU,
MEVCtgOO, K. Da),oflCt 1((lL Heu8EQLo
(llgw81JJIOUg'IOS)
[ ... JOOU lpEQW E%('nlAwOLv
VljOEW 1lQo to flEYo E1lLOTllfWVLXOV Qyov oou xol
flECa oJtolas XClLQEClt,EL OU1TJ Elll tOOO
OEXOOOS hOJv l;OLQElOV OLOOXtL',0iV oouogumv.
EX IWV OLOooxuAwv hElvwv lOD 'E6vLxoD, xol
te),UWLOV lOU EV ITavEITLOtTJflLOU, ocnvE
OUVEd).eoov 01lWS ACli-U'tguvOouv to. aVOJ1C1W Eol'O'lllflOVL-
XO !.lCl xal V "(EVEL tWV
ogiwv 'EUCtoOS, xaloAOS 6[lio OOU, OXL fLOVOV 0bl-
Ol:llflOVLXOS, aHaXCIi 6a),Aos, JlOtEAtL ),ClflJtgov JtoQo-
10 olloLOV voOELXvUOflEV JlQo fliflTJOLV
ds oJlouMt,olJoav [...].
AilOOJlClOpCl Clno1TJvJtgooq)(vVTJoTJ
10lJ EAEU8EQlOU BEVLt,EAOU,
Hj)TJfl. 'HV@EQOV Bij,uCl, 1MOQ1:tolJ 1929
[ ... ]EL (IVEll nvo on
QEUVOV y/'WOOll 'IOU PCOOLwVOS
xal1wv VEW1:EQWV Xgovwv x tWV
xCil apEOoMcl el 1:ast" E1TLOl:llflT]
O/,OUS 'lOU oUYXQovou
oQOlJ. 1000V xal
Ufltl, aOLaOJlCl.G10V vo1111a 1:1] [010-
QiCl 'E),),il\,IXll yAWOOq; allO lOU flEXQL 1:OJV
VEWta1WV OLa),X1WV xai allE-
wDw aLa 1:000V OtOClXnxou 1IC1Q06ElY'
flClw ll/,oUOta; xol /'Ell'lOflEQOUe; fQeUVl]C;. 'H tEXVll
[...j xa8Lo1u EuyvW/lOVCle;
1:a oOS OVXi !.lOVOV wU'1),wOOO/'oyoue;, a),),axailOU;CpL-
/'o),oyoue;. [.'OJ 'Qol8vou EQElJVTJTilS avul!!(J)OmE
Jlav10tE 60(IIC oQaOeW oae; UJlO/,TJlPIV
[...]
A1loollao!.LO 0110 W OU"(XClQ1Ill'IQLO
1:T] Axo.OTJlllo; IOU BEQO},lVOU,
1lEQ.1\'11'0:40 (192.') 212-14.
XgWO'lOUILE W01000 01:0 [E0JQYLO X01:!;LoaXL x(m aU.o,
XCIi OUtO dvmllavw 011fLOVl:Li'.O: T\i 1:OU I:gyClOlQ,
ay,ouQao1:T] ,lE),ITJ l:OlJ 1flS 10 JlgOOW1lLXO
l:OlJ QYO. 1l0U flE 10V Ct10flLOfLO 1:0U
n:lOggOlpTJOETis XO/,iHEQS 'lO1.> ouvafll;l;xolj'ILV'-, 000lOV
OlpTJVE ijolJXo 11 u.vEscm/'ll1:T] aV1L/'oYla W1.> xa;avnOQO.OTL-
X01:TJl:Cl, QYo 'ExEI xEL va EQY01LXOI'lW WL
EQ"(OOlO 1EQaOUO "(Lo. 'lOUe; OQOUS nist),)'TJvLx1i Y,a[
fl1lOQEt ',(alOl'\WQa CtxOflTJ va Jt Ql"llpOVO, xa8w101:0VL-
OCi ilLa qJOQO 01a [.lOU 010 8000-
/,OVlXTJe;: et quorumpars magna [ui.
M.TQLavtalpuHlolle;,'I1navw, t.S, 0.295.
rAOl:l:IKEl: ilIAMAXEl:
r. N. XATZI4AKII (1848-1941)
or. N. 0rrp(.lno<; 1'1<; yAwoooAoyia<; 010
naVTllOll'IIlIO A8'1vwV (010aK10po<; 1881, 1883, K10K10<;
1885, lOKllKO<; 1890). rrpUlOvl<; Kat rrp(.lno<; 11l<; yAWOOO-
Aoy[a<; 010 8OoaAov[K'1<; (1926). M1a0'11l001UIl010
lOU (nou unp6a[vouv1a600) 8qlA[WO1'1 011lV
EMaoa yAwoooAoyla) Kal l'1V
IlAT'1 11l<; yAwooa<; (mopla 11l<; yAWOOO<;,
1UlloAoyia, 1l0p<jJOAoy[a, OlOA-
K10Aoyia, 8wp[aYAwooa<;)
KUptO lOU r. O1'1V lVOl all
11 TTl OloaOKOAia lOU OlAUO ll<; rrAOV<; nou TllKpalOUOOV IlXPI
101Ylal'1V yAwooa.
O<jJOAIlVIl KOl TllKivouv'11'1V anu8la<; OUVOOIl11l<;
No<; 11 l'1V apxo[a Kat 01aAK10 (<<alOAO-
8wp[a lOU ASavoOIOU XplO1onOUAOU, Ka.). M O1P'1 Tll-
WlXlP'11l0l0AoYla ylO npW1'1 <jJopo on '1 Na
TTl '1 onolaan01Al AA-
nou,11 1'1 OlPO 11l<;, anal'1VTllKP01'10'1
TTl<; apxala<; OtaAK10u, anAou01UIlV'1<; 01'1 KOI
018vonOl'1llvIl<; 11 l1l VaU10KpOlopialOU M.
WIOTl<;, on Il apxala rrpo<jJopo ol<jJep OTllla-
VllKa ana 11l Ka1001aOTl 1'1<; ouYXpOV'1<; AOYW
1WV lO1OPIKWV nou un01Il '1
HI<; apxaia<; (OPOT] 1'1<; npoowola<;, llovo<jJ80yytOIl0<; TWV
01<jJ80yywv, lW1aKloll0<;, oiYlloll10U oaoo<; nVuIlGTo<;, llTa60A<;
O1a oUIlwva, K.Arr.)
"EXOVlO<; lla81lTuO1 KOV10 O Kopu<jJa[ou<; T'1<;
YAWOooAoy[a<;, 01'1 rPllov[a onou anouoao
(Curtius, Brugmann, DelbrUck), 0 Oll Ol OT'1
1'1<; npnlva PllllVuOV10l 6001 YV1KWV KOI av-
YAWOOlKWV VOIlWV 11 npoKIIlvou npi T'1<;
KQl 1'1<; napOOOOll<; 1'1<; yAWOOO<; (olaAKTWV
- 10IWIl01WV).
Lll<; nAOV<; nou TllKpalOUOav 1WV Aoyiwv O1a lA'1 TOU
190u Ql. KOl '1 npl<jJpoVIlOT] T'1<; yAWOOO<; (0'11l0n-
nou T'1 6op60p'1, 01<jJ8apllv'1, "xuoo[a,
}..yovro<; WI0'1<; OllO1PllOl KOVOVlK011lTa<;, Oll OV Xl ypollllOll-
K.An. 0 unpaanloe TO 01KQlWI10TO T'1<;
yAWOOO<;, ol06oKOVTO<; on'1 AOAlO rrpnl va IlATOTOl OU01'1-
1l0l1KO, Y1GT[ KQl KOVOV1KOT'11O 0Ia8T1 KQl KQl anopolllA-
AO nAoum
M aMwaAAilAa 0'11100lUIlOTO TOU 0
OlAUO ll<;nAav<; Ylal'1V KOI T'1V npOAUOT] T'1<; opxo[a<; MaK-
yAwOOO<; L11lV rrponoyovoo BOUAYOPWV KUp(W<; TOT,
YAwoooAoywv KCll1010P1KWV, 0 11 aOlaoI01o Tl101'11l0V1Ka
KOI yvwOT] 1WV TllypO<jJ1KWV, IAOAOYlKWV
KQl I010P1KWV ooOIlVWV, anol1; 01l Il apxoio
0IOAK10<; KQl 011l KQl 010 TIl<;.
M 10 pyo TOU, roonolo onOOlx81lKOV KAaOlKa Yla TTl
1'1<; yAWOOO<;, 0 rovV1010
274
Hle; yAwooae; -apxalae;, KQl V8ae;- Il Tllv
8VVOla Hle; aOloonaOT11e; OuvXlae; KQl T11e; KQl
Tile; nplOOOTPO yVWOTO ana 10
8pya TOU lVQllO 'AKaOI)IlE:1KrJ. 'Avayvwollaw, 10 MwalWV1KQ Ka! Nia
'EAAI)V1KG, 01 rAwaaoAoylKai ME:Aiwl, 01 rAwaaoAoY1KOi "Epwval, 11
Eioaywyr, mr, NWE:AAI)V1Kr, fpallIlOTlKr, (YPllovI01l), 11 Iuvrolloe:;
'laTOpia rile:; 'EAAI)V1Kile:; fMJool)e:;, K.O.
lluOTuxwe; 0 I.l0AOVon 0 anOUOQlOTpOe; I.lA-
Tile; yAwooac;, OV I.l TO aouvaywvlOTo
nlOT11I.l0VIKO KUpOe; TOU T11v YKQlP11 avayvwplOllT11e; we;
nlOllI.l11e; yAwaoac;, yyovoe; nou KQl llyOAe; oual.lvlc; nlmWalC;
OT11v KQl KaTOOTaOllT11C; xwpae; dX KQl OUVT-
AO WOT Vo al.loupw8i Yla KQlPO 10 C:nlOTTJIlOVIKO TOU ovolla ana TO
on aolKO KQl OOAI.lVO oUYKaTaA8x8IlK moue; OKpWe; ouvT11Plln-
KOUe; KQl OTOUe; x8poue; T11e; yAwoaae;
IUVQVTqOq yAwoooMywv KOI EAAqVIOTWV orqv OE npoc;
TOU r. H tpwToypo<j>io OTO emin TOU r. OTqV
(on6 oplOTEpa npoc; TO op610t: P. Kretschmer, M. Vasmer, H. Pernol, A. Heisenberg'
A. Thumb, r. B. Delbruck,
ES0i-Lo1,OYllOI1" TaU Xart,LO(bu:
OiJlJbrou; fjPTJv txopor; %ai wiJ,wra X/:,III/(,lUypEvOr; rijr;
bTJPow<iir;, cW.' lUi rirv pEarrv fJalvov 015m-, avtcraxOTJv {j'
apxii0EV ;,at' aprpoti:{}wv rwv a%pwv, lluo ItOMWV trwv
t;" aiJrfl rfiItPWtTl pov ItpaypatE1.{l to 1881 t4fipa nlv xa-
vOVlxOrTJta xai TastV xai XPTJ(JtPOTTJr:a tllr; J.a),ovPi:vrJr;
[.,.J fUhi pera peyaATJr; pov ).i)It7Jr; va opo-
Otlltapa /U:v TO)V xaOapE:Uovtwv p/,Xpav
piXPl ToubE cVgov, Itapa bi; unv Tiir; AaJ.ovpivTJr; amoal(O-
;,a).ovpivwv Qirabwv ovl'Ji; avozijr; fur/ov, aAJ.a -rovvo-
vriov poprpfir; xai xaTTJyoplwV o),wr; a.,TuoaboxriTwv! !...J
iXatf[JOl as'OVvtEe; va vltoOtTJpi!;w POvov airtwv Tar; yvw-
poc; xai a;rowxovrEr; WPPTJOOI' tit' i;pi [ .. ,j llavro bi;
raura Eir; tpi; ovl'Ji,> liMa Ipoivovral bTJJ.ouvra r/ lin 'I aJJj-
()aa %EtWI 1ra()' ovbcrit!oLe; aM' tv Tfi XQuafi pif11J 0/)0,
r.Xart"M;(,;,'!\;tuV't'llJl;rLs K. Krumbacher,o.643,
o XaTsLOaxL; yw nlNEG
Ai rpt?auElr; P4lfJa(}OI', b'Erp(Ja(JpEvOV, tJ.E.EtVOV lMwpa
bulMXTOe; y).WUOOt J./:yopEVal briTijr; t!.JrJ.ije;
},a},ovpivqe; y},OJUOTje; Elval ;tai aOEpFtr; xttl 1Jpa(}T'I-
pival. Elval riuifJEla xai aX(Ja ;,awuJ",(IM/ va OVOP(i!;w-
pEV TO ano 15 y.ai ;rUov oioJVWv ItVEVponxOv opyavov
rou Ovour; fJU,ppopov xai bulpOoppivov.
,1 71
fi"'t . ., ......
iEOPilOZ MnAMnlNIOTHZ
275
AVTpt (19001970).
KAElAPEYOYLA,1933
'Qq Ofpa roii J.oyov POU fstJ.4a raq iaToptxaq aPXaq rryq
brypouxii>: ita>: ;roujoEwq. '0 rirJ,oq, JrtaTEVW, XlVEi' ro
ivbuxrpt'f!ov xai .T(!ooboxiaq JroJJ.aq, dq raq oJroia,
Oa ijpTfl' dmrr.il; cav q{)vvapTfl' JrJ.rjpw, Vtl IIY1:WCOX(!IOtiJ.
LJVaTVxwq " I!(jEVva rii, bryWfJbov, "pwv JrOlrjUEWq Jrapa
!fauaq ra, yevopvaq PEmI mipepov ipyauia,
biv ,}iJvarat va OEwpryo,l wq ixavriJ, Jrporyypi:vrJ, warE va
i;urpt',TT/ ualfry, avavrip(!'lTa xai aurpaJ.ry OVpJrEpcwpara.
I:t. n. To b'lponxo rpayovbl,
AO'IV<l 1978, o. 16L
XapiTWV (1878-1954).
YTIEPKAElAPEYOTIA.1933
LJIXaiwq urjf/epov T() ltCll'EJJ,rj-
VtOv oJ..ov xai yepaigEI TO
piya roii 'EJ.J,,/vwpoii ay).at-
UpCl, roY i\ba)/al'Tlov Ko(!w]v,
ou rT,v uc;ni/v d:<ova
;ravra ra ;rat{)EVTI/6!w, b' ol;
yaJ.ovxoih't'at xai Jrori!;m't'llt
'fa vapara rryq iTat{)ciaq xai TIl: ,T{!0I'0Vl:<ryq a{!6'fry; oi
1JJJ''lvO;ral{)c" a..TO roi; nal'ElfllJT7Jfliov PLX(JI roil b,/porl-
"oil rrxOJ.ciOIl, ocpEiJ.OVOI v' ava!'Trjowolv wq uVpPOAOI'
oratbEla, xai u..t;vOEpiac;, ra ?>' q,ya ain-ou I'a qWUI cLTa-
ai L;(ohxai
, nt!. X. XUQlflIlvib!]C;, Aliro, El; itballavnov KO[lafjv,
eecJlJuf.oVlltll 1933, o. 36.
MIXTH,1950:
11 rwl' Ollflflwparwv
OIEUPivwl' ijbl/ aTilv 'Eo-tUIV- Mv xu o{na<{'it!ov 6JJ.o,
i7.roc; rou xaflapwq ..ro a;rlnjlEw;
ypaJlpaTlxll; xai yJ.wUOIX7]" oUl'EiTaI riiq ivoT//roq ii rry,
ivoT/)ra>, ;rov Fliiq oi xaOa{!ElJovouXVOt )tai ai
paJJ.la!!oi 0 !/aOE FLOPlpwpivoq "EJ.J,'lv, ;rou CrlllE va rove;
yvw(}iur/ aJro !/ovra -itJiwq, paJ.urra, roil, rdEVTaiollr;-
rir' ypalpu OTa JratTlou(}a rwv JraJroViOtWV rov xai X!!'l-
OtPOTroU:i TOU, dm:ov, xai rw'V buo yAOJUOWV, o:rOJ, lOU
q,xovrat ;rEtO fJohxa ij, piiJlov, o:rOJ, POIJOOUv xaJJirEpa
roy (}VOfili<OV Eipfio rii; !fIJaOEW; rov.
K. A. KilQo. BliJrol'Tar; I<ai ypatpovraq,
A011vU [;(.;(.j, cr. 5.
276
rJ\QLLIKEL 61AMAXEL
HnENTArAnIIIA TOY MEIOnOAEMOY
o raAAOe; AVTpe MlpallneA (1900-1970) at: IlMTil
TOU, TO 1937, nplypaq>oVTOe; TIlV TOT npoYllon-
KOT'1TO KOTSA'1c; OT'1 OlOn[OTWOll OTI OT'1 (H0po fjEOO-
npiooo Ilnopouoav va OlOKpl80uv nevn; yJlwoOlKer; Kaw-
OTOOE:Ie; (etats de langue). TTjv [010 olonioTwOll EnoveA08 KOl O
ap8po TOU TO 1948.
01 neVT YAWOOlKSe; KOTamaOIe;, OIlOXPOve; nOPOAAaOOOUOe;
1l0pq>se;, aMoT OUYKl\[VOUOe; KOl aMoT anOKAivouoe;, Tile; ypa-
KUplWe;, aMa KOl V fjSP1 TTje; OfjIAOUfjSVIle; 01
nsvn; aUTee; "yAwooEe;", lval 01
H "aeapl/OUOO (langue savante puriste) EniOll!1Tj (TOT) yAwooa
TOU KpaTOUe;, yAwooa TTje; OIOlKTjOTje;, Tile; KnoloUOlle;, KTA Oe; ypall-
TTje; avayp6<pTOI '1 [pafJfJaTlKr) Tnr; Near; 'ElIJl1)V1KnC; [;"'WOO1)C;
(TTje; anMe; Ka8apuouoae;) TOU AX A. (1930). Oe; VOI-
KTIKa KlllVO napoTi8VTOI xwpia TOU r. AvayvwmonouAou (TO
1937) KQl TOU r. (TO 1948) nopaOIYlla (TO 1948) we; npoe;
TOUe; 80yyoue; KOl TOUe; nJnOUe; (oMa 0Xl we; npoe; TO Ac;lAOYLO)
Tj q>paOTj au nauovwl npOOTleeVTr;. Oe; aKpala avoq>spnOl
Tj unE:pKaBapE:uouoa (langue ultra-savante) , Tj onoia 0IlWe;oV KAOIl-
8aVnal we; lOlalTpTj KOTamaOTj.
H fJ1Knj fJlxnj (langue mixte): yAwooa ypaoll-
VTj Kat 0IlIAOUIlVTj, Tj EniOllllTj yAWOOO XPTjOlllonOIOUIlVTj SC;W ana
Ka8 11 TO EniOllIlO. l'1v avaq>epnQl TTje;. KilJvo: TOU
A. E. Msyo (1937) KOl TOU AX A. (1948). C!JpaOll of-v
naUOVTGl va npOOTlBWOIV.
H o/.IIJtOUf./VT) Ka8of./1JtOUf./VT) (langue courante couramment
parlee): YAwooa KUplWe; Tile; KOlvwvlae; KQl TWV nOAswv,
YAWOOO OOWV OSV npoanaSouv va opouv Tllv OVTlSc:a1l 010V
KaSaplOf./O (purisme) KOl TOV OT)f./OTlKlOf./O (vulgarisme).
Tile;: Tunol Ka! Kavovc:c; rfle; K01VWe; Of./1JtOUf./VW; vsosJtJtT)vIKfle;
MSASTIl ana ASIlVOloUe;. IlpoAoyoe; Moplae; ApyuponouAou
(1931), Tile; Maploe; ApyuponouAou (1937 KQl 1948). (J)POOIl:
otvnauouvva npo08rouv,
H (langue demotique): YAwooa TWV
KaTOAllc;IlTIle; Sc;SAlc;lle; Tile; Tile;: Nw-
rpaf./f./aTlKf) (Tile; TOU MlX
(1933). TOU Mov, TplavTacpuMlOIl (1937 KQl 1948). (J)POOll: oev
nauouvsva npoo8rouv.
H (langue cheve/ue, ultra-demotique): 11 YAWO-
00 aMcl OU01IlPWe; ana cplAoA6youe; KQl
sv ana f./aJtJtLQPOUe; (malliaristes) ouyypocpde;
(I. l)JuxoPIl, A. nOMIl, n. BA0010, M. K.O.), Tile;:
rpaf./f./aTlKf) rfle; PWf./ailKT)e; rJtwooae; TOU M, (1907).
TOU n, BAa010u (1937) KQl TOU I. lIJuxoPIl (1948), (J)POOIl: oevmiBouvc:
va npo01rouvs
H OVWTSpW nopouolaOil TWV SMllVlKWV YAWOOlKWV
KaTO TO KQl TO npWTa XPOVlO, CPOlVE:1Ql
SK npwTIle; 04JSWe; SU010XIl KQl H SVVOla Tile; yJtWOOlKf)e; Ka-
rOomOT)e; E:nbps4JS Tllv avoAuoll OXl KQl TOOO
onMe; onoAuvs Til OlQCPO-
po O1le; OUO YAWOOlKSe; KalO0100Sle;, O1a OUO
KUPlO YAWOOlKO (KQSOpSUOUOO - 0
OSV Sswpd TllV unspKoSapsuouoo we; lOlOlTSPIl Kmo01oOll,
as va we; lOlOlTSPIl Kmo01oOll KQl1TJ '000
YlO Til KQl TIlV 11 TOU TdvSl va npooowoSl
as OUTSe; YAWOOlKWV Ilpsnsl, va
nopmllPIlSd on ov 10 apIa TOOO O1IlV KOSOpsuouoo KOl Til
000 KQl OTIl KOl Tllv dVQl ouanpoo-
OlOPl010, 11 OlO<POpO O1IlV KOSOpsuouoo KOl Til as
OUOTIlIF'T:K0 srrlnsoo dVQlOlYAWOOlKOU opo suoloKPlTIl,
Ol nsvTs YAWOOlKSe; Kmo0100Sle;, 01 nsvTs "y/,woose;", osv SlVQl TSAl-
KWe; napa nopoMoyse; novw 010 lOlO Til OlYAWOOlO,
OMli\OYMENH
y)J])(Jaa yt(z tiU1X{lWL curr} riJv
rwvo{l80tiol;wvliTJpouxwrwvwvopaaE 0 nwa(J!xo,rroX-
),oyo;; NwliTJpoux1. yXd)(Jaaq OI'TW;;
7r:apoum6,{:;opl'I,i
:xliom njc; y),waaac;, tijc;
1i1']'"xo,vij;01]fLOtIXijC;.
KaTa rrovWI;L F(!appauxijqavrij;;npomra81rJapE
va nE(!LMifjwpE OM Ta y),wamxa arOLXEla EvU1ia;;
XOtvij;; VEOliTJpouxijq xai pi poprp1, 1rOV XP1WL/lO-
notOvv xpijm oXOt oi"EXJ'TJVE;;, lrE ama
dvaL Xaixa lrE Jr{lo4!xovraL an' rirv Myw napatiom.
Ama araaropawOM)VTWV'EU1vwvxaiX(!TjOlpO-
notOmaLToaoTa Mi'xaanorov;;POprpWpEvOUq. oa()%ai
Xoyia;; JrapatioaEw;; alroTOV }.ao, nrro,;(wpi;;va Em
PEYaXTJ poprpwm,8i1"'LvaExrppaaTJ waEvVOU1, :tovro 71-
pl.f:'IOpEVO TTJ;; ro xaw).a(JaivEL,%aiX{lTJmpO,TOIc1),,' auro
[liwUI;L PE [liLa popqJq, novXOTjmp(lJrouJII JJOp-
rpWPEvO;.
r.Z(li'X11C;.FoappauxljHI;
AOllva 1963,a. U.
L'>HMOTlKH,1933
'fl;;Jr(!O;; ro roul'iov ypamouloyov
oiavp(JL(JaarL%i;; yLa a)J.a x{li livaxo),o<({a/J-
poare;xa! avrLvopLx,,; ilJEE; rou yLa ri;; onOLE;;
dJrE 0 PofliTJ;; ,ULa ({JO{J{f JrrO;; Elvr.a Ev Tff nMYT/ op8o;;
;0"10;;, ivw tiivxaro(j8w(JaV va avyxIJar1IJovv %a8a-
pwovaapiaaarao(jW JrOV t.'jTOvaE rou 8Ewpia
rou y},waalxoIl xa)),wJrwl'0V", bwaav arpO(!plj va TO..
Em%alouvraL 6;a1IIE(!a oi tiwrpO(jETlXWTE(!OI. avriyvw-
1101, xw(!i;; yLa xav{v(l rov;; va
flTJ i5WIJEL TOV "Llvova %W' ro
yXWIJ(JlXO n(jo'tv,TO.
Muv.T!?lUVW(jlU),).,'0'l<;,
JtQOU(jlWYllrrTJ arov
X. X. XUQltUlvili'j,
Aoyo;;d;;iL a.y'.
ntTpoC; BAcon'>, (1879-1941).
MAJ\i\IAPH,1931
nava y.at rpol!VTrvlJEL /lW
ylwIJIJa ''IV aYlhrq
TOV JrOLI/Tli y.at rou aorpov TO
()oVhp(l. IJrtlvTJ {awaL Tlj bTjpoTLy.1 a,To TO xar41Yo TI};
aiTJIJpOvLaqxaL OL yiwaao},oyOl TT/l' OTLIJT1/-
pOVL%li (JafJT} Tlj;; ypapll(f.TLXliq /(H T1jc; rpW171W<1;;' MilTO
J.q;nxo rTJ;; fJ'j/lonx1;; pEVEL axopa xal
tiEviXEL xav!;faawara/lEIJ(l ywva ro IJnQII/)arJt'l.
xaviva},1:1;1%0 rlJ;.1fpOXolrr/;&vVlrapxft.
n.Bl.aU'to;,l'llYOlVUl'lt xat (JUyyo',xa,
AO.lva 1931,o.3.
277
NOM08ETIKO. r
"JTfI1 'Otr/avwoew;xal4wt"Jjocwe;rije; revt"ije;'Ex;r:at&v
UEWe; (I:rotzw)Jl50v."aiMi07/')"
"Ap0tJ0v 5.
J. 'H uvvreray,dvr} "aiavl'V ibtw/lano/lwvtlTJ/lortxi} we; tl.Ct
bta/lo(J({JwOei ci; ;ravd17jnov b.r;(JallTlXOV otr/avov rou
iJ1TJvlxOU i.o.ou xai rWv bo"i/lwV oVYY(Jarpiwv rou iOvove;
Z(JT/Ut/loJrotamt ih:vOfQw;ele; rov ypa.TTov xailQv .T(JOIfJO
glxovMyOv a;ro roVe; btt5tluxovra;xai lOV; btbauxofJl:Vovc;
de;0).0..rcc;paO/libac;riic;'Ex,Tatbeuuwc;amI r;;c;xarwrarT/C;
/ll-Blt "alr;;c;avwrarq;
3. rpa/l/larlid] xai Iwr:a;tC; riic; KaOa(Jvou07/C;JtJO.uxovrw
de; ro rV/lvauwv xai lO AvxtOv, tv uvvapTT/ot ;r(J0c; ri}v
{JloaO'lw),iav r;;. 4'1/lortxiic; xa! rijc; 'Ell7]vtxij;
ri.wu07/C;elc;(ioa.la;tc;i] 'Au'taia yJ.wuua
i\gO(Jov8.
3. EI. 'TO rV!JVaotQV JtJauxaJ.ia 'Tij; tipxaiac; 'EiJ.7JV1Xfj;
rga/llJllreiar; rivera! b. /)oxi/lwV /lera!p(Jr7.uewv X).Il0UtxWV
c(JYwvci. rirv eOf.ll7]Vtx7jv.
4. 'H JrpwT7J ,T(JoOJri).o.OI' rrov/laOT/rrov ci;rirv j\(JZaiav'EJ.
i.7JVIxT,V y).wouav yivera! d; r(JirT/v rou rV/lvaoiov Jta
r(Jtw!!ov xaO' ipbo/wba btbau>la).ia; rije; y!!a/l/lartxije; 'lOU
j.\ rwwu1.0</ov.
H YEVIO TOU 114 (<l>wToypacpla alTO
METAPPY0MIl:EIl:
H EKnAI4EYTIKH METAPPVGMIIH TOV 1964
npO<; TO TAO<; HI<; OKOTIO<; TOU 1950
nOAITlK<; KOl KOIVWVlKE<; oMayE<; <ITIlV EMMa. 0 a<ITI-
KonOldTOl TOXU Kalil EMooo TIlV Eupwnll
OKono va vTOx8d OTllv KOlVOTIlTO. Ol VE<;
K0810TOUV Tllv OVOYKIl TIl<;
nou 80 Kouyxpovio1 Kot 80 VlOXUO1 TIlV nOlodo ylO
nOAITl<ITlKOU<;, oMa KOl Aciyou<;. Mia npwTIl npoOT1o-
810 ovoolopyovwO'l<; TT]<; nOloda<; YLVTOl TO 1957 wi
TOU K. AnoTUyxov1 KOTW ono TIlV nLO'l TWV OUVTIlPIlTl-
KWV KUKAWV TIl<; KOl LxoM<; A8llvwv, TIl<;
ETolplo<; cDlAOAciywv KOl TIl<; !\woupywv ME-
O'l<; EKno[OUO'l<;.
To 1963 OVEPXTOI OTllv 11 lAAuSPIl Ku6EPVIlOll TOU
Iwpyiou nanavopEou KOl TO EPYO KOl oumo-
0 I. nonavopEOU
Vl npOOWT1lKO TO unoupydo nOlolo<; KOI uunoupyo TOV
AKpiTO OIKnpOlWVOUV TO 0 VEO<; YlO TIlV
nOloio (NL'I 4379) MLOl/JIlLO TOV
TOU 1964.
H aTOXU1 O YVIKOTPIl
60011 TO OVSPWT1l0TlKO 10WOIl: va olOnAOoI, onw<; 0
E. n. nanovouTOo<; (1900-1982), 'EAAllvC; noAIT<;.
ono KOI lKOVOU<; va oTa80uv w<; TIl<;
KOIVOTIlTO<;. To V1OXU1 Tllv Knol-
0u0'l, v80PPuv1 TI<; yAWOO<;, lOPU1 <ITa
IIOVVVO KOI nOTpO, K08w<; KOl TO nOlOOyWylKO IVaTlTOUTO Yla Til 01-
PuVIlO11 TWV KnOlouTIKWV np06ATWOTWV KOl Til TWV
K06IlYIlTWV. nOlolo owpov Ylo OAOU<; KOl WKTlV1 TIlv
KnoLouO'l W<; TO TPlTO TO<; TOU
LTI<; TOU yLVTOI on 11
TOU 1964 onoTAl VEO EKpOOIl TOU KnOlouTIKOU
M TO op8po 5 WKTLVTOl 11 KOl 11 OIOOOKQALO TIl<;
d<; CAO<; TO<; Tf)<; KnOlouoW<;. H
Tot Tllv K08opuouoa KOI OlOOOKTOl napoMIlAo O OAIl Til
KnoIOU011. LTD ap8po 8 Yla TI<; Tpl<;
TOU va Y[VTOl 11 oloooKaAio TTl<; 0PxoLa<;
ono d<; TJiV vw 11 OIOOOKOJ\io
TWV oPxalwv AAllvlKWV <ITO !\UKLO. OTI
11 lVOl W<; YAWOOIKO opyovo KOI npootpTOl YlO
OXI 0T11 AoyoTxvia, OJ\AO OTO KOl <ITOV
VIKO Aciyo.
H TOU 1964 oV E81y TO KUPOC; TIl<; KoSa-
pUOUOO<;: Til OIOTIlPOUO wC; yAWOOO TOU KPOTOU<; KOI
npo6An Til OIOOOKOAio TIl<; <IT1l KnoIOuoll MOAoTOuTO 11
oVTIOPOO11 KOI an6 TOU<; LOLOU<; OUVTIlPIlTlKou<;
KUKAOU<;, K08IlYIlTE<; TIl<; KOl 8OAOyIKJi<; TWV
KOl TOV OKAIlPO TTlC; ETOlplo<; ClltAoMywv,
TO npLOOIKO nAr'ITWV. L110WVOUV ylO Til OIOOOKOALO TWV
320
apxa[wv ana TO nIX[PllJJa OTI 11
KpuVOll ana TIlv apxa[a yAwooa Kat napaoooll UnEOKanT TO
TOU MIlVOXPlOTlaV1KOU vw 11 npOOTao[a Tile:
onlAouo va TOUe: aVTlnOAoue: Tile: Kal va
TIe: YAWOOIKEe: tPIOe:.
H TOU 1964OVKonll TO 1967 ono TTJv
Tile: XOUVTOe:, nou nEOTpLjJ 010
Til KoSapuouoa we: yAwooa, Yla va
6P1 Til OUVEXla KOl Tile: Aiya xpavlo apyoTpa TIlV ano-
Ko8lEpWO'l Tile: we: yAwooae: KpOTOUe:
Kat Kna[ouollC;.
narravouTOo<; (1900-1982).
- Ma)"una avOgw1T:uJTlx1-t Jraditia.
fllu&ia g,tw}Jivr} (Jl:7fv }Jae; ,TitgaOOIJ1/. f\JJ.a
OVOLitOT/Xq, ci)"IJO,vrl, ituOevuxrj.
- '0;wJ.irTJ'rijc; A//IJoxparia.JrgmEL va i'xEL
ifif!OV1J}Ja... iVa t;te,-. iOTogia wv, ra Yt!a/l/laui rou,
ro JTo)irw}Ja nie;Xwgae; rou...
- y)"{jj(Jua /lae; tOv,xrj, r:iJ nil'XOIl"/ iJ.IIJ-
r:ofi ).aovJ1a<;, roivTgayovOtwl'par;, ni.).oyor:CX1'iw;
/lar;, [yOf/Eygioe;tOv/xoxa!TjO,%o va r;(/lrjUO/l<xw:va
rTjv i5tihit;o}Jc(J\}OTIJ/lanxit. OTCt JrWOU{ ,aar;ywr! Tj yAWU-
(la }Jar;cLva! l/ljJvflipar;.
II..ltO eal>LOqJU1VIXi, Ol-llj.lu
'(ou E.DUJtavouwo\l rltl.o,
"fwrlII 'EYw'tmOEl!,(lxil Mcrll"QUOP.IIT'l'
(Adriawvfla,oaywylxav7vuurourou,
Ill). I, /l'll'uos1965).
oE. na;uwouwo; hCl; em" TaU; ,no eroflou;
UltO<Jt'1QLXTE; "Cll; yACiJ(J(JCl;. 'HTClV TIl;
Yla TIT" "Co 1957 En!
K XQl yEVLXO; tau YnouQYEIOU
nOlbEia;. mav EyLVE 1") IJ.EWQQu8IlLO'1 TaU 1964. In]v ITa-
Qurrc'lv(J) I.m(JE oUQcX cXg8gIJJv Cl1I)V Ecp. To BTj/laXrll
ClnOU. aI1altCJ.vol,,:eJOS u:,cgauilL(,E mT11IlUOQQu8e"Olj,11
oltoi" va aV1lbQClOl] ano OQWIJ.EVOU;
xux)"ou;.
TO. 1962 ainwa
v,a
EIPHNH <D1J\lnnAKH-WARBURTON
321
o Kp,apac;, Ka,
VTUTOC; TOU
TIAPAM.JrMATA MtTAfi\QTTILHL
KaeaQvovaa
'0 uQlflllO<;
LJ "I,M Cwi
o uQ'(-)WJ<; J1:OlJ EXF' ai..idJ;tl
Ka!1r!(ii:vovaa
'AVU!J.ElVcn d<; TO uxouauxov aa<;
LJ'l!IOHXr)
TIUQOXU). WJIQI!J.EVETE
KaeaQEvovoa
'A ;WYOQFUW, TO xO.J(vL1;lV
LJ111J.OW117
AJI0"l0QEUETaL TO
METAPPY8MlrEIl:
H EKnAI6EYTIKH METAPPY8MIIH TOY 1976
ME Trlv mWOIl Tile; OtKTQTOpiae;, TO 1974, napaTrlP!TaI SVTOVIl 0108E-
all Yla aAAayse; OTO EKnOloEuTIKO OUOTrUla TWV ouvTaYIJQTapxwv 0
npw8unoupyoe; K. Kal 0 unoupyoe; nalO!ae; 1 POAAIle;
EKOIlAWVOUV npoowmKo EVOlaq>Spov Kat npow80uv TilIJETappu8IJtOil
nou OAOKAIlPWVEt Tllv npoon08Eta TOU I. nanavopsou. 01 KUPIOTE-
pEe; Tile; aq>opouv TOOO OTIl 010p8pwOll Tile; EKnalOEUGlle;
000 KQl OE SSlJaTa YAwooae;: a. OTO IUIJVOOIO Ot apxaiOl 'EAAIlVEe;
KAaOlKO[ ol06oKOVTOl ana IJETaq>pOOte; KOl 6. yAWOOO OtOaOKaA[Oe;,
aVTlKilJvo OIOaOKaAlae; Kat yAwooa TWV OIOaKTlKWV 616A[WV O OAe;
Tle; 6a81J10Ee; Tile; EKna[OUGlle; iVat 11 (opS. 2,
nap. 21 TOU v. 309/1976). EloOYOVTOI aKOlJ1l 0PIoIJSVe; op80ypaq>IKSe;
EivOI OTl IJla Ku6sPVIlGll
Ka81EpwvEI IJE VOIJO EKnaIOEUTlKSe; Kat YAWOOlKe; PUSIJ[oEIe; nou 11
Tile; ix oTO napASov LTllv KaSISpWGll Tile;
oUVSTIV Kat TO IOXUPO nMYlJo nou OSXTIlK TO KUpOe;
Tile; KaSopEUOUOOe; ana Til OIKTQTOp[a. LTI'] ouviOIlOIl TOU KOOIJOU 11
KaSapEuouoa (OpSOTPO: IJla Tile;) !X TOUTl-
OTi IJE TO OtKTOTOPlKO KaSOTWe;. MTO TO 197611 mKT!-
VETat Kat OTIe; Eq>IlIJEp[OEe;, OTO paoloq>WVo Kat OTIlV TIlAEOpaGll Kat
ylVOVTat Ot npWTEe; ononlpe; IJETOYAWTTlolle; TWV VOIJWV TOU KPO-
TOUe; oTIl KQTO TO npOTuno TOU SPYOU TOU Xp. XPIlOTlOIl.
H aVTlopaoll Ta npwTa XPovla ivat !Ilyol TOAIJOUV va
aVOlXTo Tl']v KaSapuouoa ana q>060 SWPIl-
Souv q>IAOXOUVTlKOl. To np06AlllJa, WoTOoO, OEV tX1 EmAuSd 0PloTl-
KO Mia oq>opo Tllv Tile; yAwooae; KaTO TO
VOIJO, EiVQl 11 olaIJOpq>wSToO de;
VlOV SKq>pOOTIKOV 6pyavov uno TOO 'EAAllvlKOO AaoO Kai TWV OOKIIJWV
ouyypoq>twv TOO "ESvoue;, ouvTETaYIJvll, avu [OIWIJOTl-
olJwv Kal (apS. 2, nap 2, TOU v. 309/1976). OptoIJtVOI
OTl 11 OEV dVOl OUTS 11
TOU TplaVTaq>UAAioll OUTE II KaSapuouoa, aMo IJla vta OUvSGll
ntpav T!'ie; 0IlIJOTIK!'ie; Kat T!'ie; KaSapuOUolle;", Yl' aUTO KQl KPlVOUV
aKoToAAllAll Til TOU TplavTaq>UMioll, nou dX
Ot KQTOmV II Ku6sPVllOll 'AAAOl TO
OTIl Tile; -aOuValJle;
OUoKOAie; OTIl IJETaYAWTTtoll Tile; opoAoy[ae;, t}..AI!jJll
YXElPIOiwv, SAAEI!jJll nEipae; oTl'] Tile;, K.6., aAA6 OEV alJq>1061l-
TOUV OTlll [VOl oTll 60011 Tile;
'AAAe; OtQlJaxe; EntKSVTpWVOVTaI oTO spWTlllla av un6PX1 OXI
YAWoOiKO np06AlllJa, nOlEe; ivQl 01 QlTIEe; TOU KOI nwe; nptn1 va aVTl-
IJETwmoTd. 0 E. Kplap6e; KQl 6AAOI 6Atnouv Til AUGll OTIlV KaAAltpyta
KQl oUOTllllQTOnolllGll Tile; Xwp[C; nplTTtc;
OTllv KaSapEuouoa, vw OMOt OUVIOTOUV OTOUe; TunOUe; Tile;
KaSapsuouoae;, Tile; nOAUTunlae; (nx Trye; Ku6(;pVI)orye; KQl Tl)e;
Ku6Epvrjm;we;) Kal aKpa[wv OqlJOTlKWV Tunwv. noMoi olavo-
OUIlvOI, KQt OXIIJOVO aUVTllPllTlKoi, aVllouxouv Yla Tllv anoOUVOIlWGll,
onwe; mOTEUOUV, Tile; ana TIlV oaVlWV KQl
322
OUVLOTOUV Tllv snavaopa TWV apxalWV SM'IlVLKWV 010 IUllvamo, Ils
TIlV nsnoi81lGll on 10 apxa1a 80 SVLOXUOO'uv TIlV ouvsi0IlGll
H Apxaia tXS\ TIlV KoSapsuouoo we; OUIl60Ao
1OUTOTIlTOe;, KOla Tllv KPlGll llaAIOTO OPLolltvwv, 11 oloaoKa-
Ala TWV oPXa1wv SAAIlVLKWV 8a KOL OTIlV KaAuTsPIl SKlla81l-
aT] Tile; Ntae;
Ot yAwoOlKte; OtallaXSe; Ils TIlV avooo TOU nA-
LOK OTllv sC;ouoio (1981) Kat TIlV Ka8Ltpwoll TOU 1l0VOTOVLKOU
Kat OSlXVOUV on 01 nGALte; aVnnaAOTIlTSe; LOXUOUV aKollll,
aMa aUTO IJS Kavtvav Tpono OSV aVQlpsi TO ysyovoe; on TO YAWOOIKO
-11 KmaOTOOIl Tile; OlYAWOOlae;- oplOTIKa Til AUaT] TOU
IJS TIlIJ1appUSIlLOIl TOU 1976,
TO 2:YNTAfMA THL: EMA6.AL:
T1PIN ADO HIMETAfi\QTTIIH
ME{!O, n{Jwrov
BaUixai
Tlliflla Jr{!WWV
MO{!lfffJ wi!JroALrroparo,
"A{!(}{!OV 2 wi!av()gaJ1rou. du;(}va,axEaL,1
I. '0 ac.{Jaallo,"ai*Jr(Jom:aaia rij, wi! avO{!am:ou
anordoi!1' 'Jlrtr/REWmV rii, Irohuia,.
2. 'H 'E}).a, axo},ouOoi!aa rou, yev,xij, al'ayvw(jiacw,
xal'Ova,wi!b,cOvIriJ,tltxaiou, iJn,},wxt tpnilJwa.v
ni,d{Jlivq" Tij, [J,xawalM]>, .0,xai rwv
rpthxwvaxEacwv TWv.!.aWl' ,wirriiv x{JaTwl',
META TH MrTAft\QTTJL:H
1. 0 acpaallOr;xa,'I Jr{Jom:aqia r'l,asia,lOUavOl!I1JJrQu
anoreJ.owTIT" VnOX{!E(J)fJ'I T1/r;lCoALuia,.
2. 11 E}).!.Lba axo}.ou(}l1wrar; wv,l'EV'Xa avaY"/J)(Jw/li-
YOU, xavOvc, rov bl.(}vovr; b,xawv,'T'buxn r'lv [/lIrE-
bWIJ1/ r'l, n"b,xalOif''''''''' ;roOd>,Xat 17]v ava-
Il'TVS'I TO)V rp'hxwl' (f",(Eacw1' jtraSv TWV J.awv xa. rwY
%!Jarwv.
6.LmpOQEe; crtLe; OUO aU'tEe; YAOJOOLXEe; flOQljlES 'tOu
IVV1Ct','llliTOS:
a,L10 to
VLXO
0 '1 EVLXOU 'twv ouow.ou-
xOlV tTJe; llQoJtl]<; XI,LOEWe; DEl' llEQtiXH TO teAIXO -v (xuOa-
QcUO'llOO TiJv - r71v nQwwQx",>j),
y.To1QlTOXAl"tO e1Ii,'ll%C'1l0U Of -Ir; WTOY.TOUV EVlXQ
Tlle; ltQ<im]e; xAi.Ql]e;. (Xo.f)oQcuouoa vnoXQEW(JlV,
tj,nEOWmv, civa.nrug,v - VlCOXQEwoq, E/j1EOWOYJ,
aVclJrrvSYJ).
oTo 1(lltQxl,LtO tTJC; y.aOcIQEuOUOOS 'EHa;yivEta< JJ;QWto
XALTO EUo.oa
e. ToTQLt(Y/.ALTO t'1S XaOCl(leUO'llOOe; xavwv, CHUOUXlj n;'lj-
Ouvuxou rou; xovovar; yivEta< llQOJtOXALTO, 0 xavovctl;,
1lA'10UV1:lY.OU ro'll,XOVOVEr;,
01, 0 auvD OiJoe; W, 1'1S x08aQEUOUOCte; <SlVEI T11 Oil)"j IOU
OTOV ru1l0xoOei>, 0tTJ 0'11l0UX1j.
Ie KoBe yeAolaypa'llo, 'llU01KO
KopOI)OKEi. 0 r. lwovvau Tllv elooywyi) (TIi UITOUp-
yia," Avr. 1989) lToAOIOTCPWV
yAwaaa aTa
TOU 1976 a, opxoiol KAuOIKOi UTa
OIlD To aUTO txc, ac "OIlIlCiov
oVTlAeyollevov" ylo TOU<; 8eWpIJTIKOU<;
EIPHNH <DIAlnnAKH-WARBURTON
323
oI. G.

Tau '40.
To [Ovo, hrim(!ctjJE co lfPOOW7tOV ano rij, t1Ji<o}ia, rOll'
).VOEWV ,06rw'V [rov B/lh.l{lii. xai tPa(!,lV]. Ab &auivolJaI
lin iT(!a!;cv /igIOTa, btim lib- Oil "aOioO)
mmw fJi: anMjpo ),EYOVO, [ ... ] To [Ovo, [... ] JrflOOvpw,
v7tEDiJOTj fi, cooa pap11 i<ai rooa, Ovoia, XtlplV '!'ij,
,m).aui, oflOoy(!alpia,. 'A'poil Iii: ovcw, i;EXiVTjoCV " 7tE(}i
rovrov YWV/lTj wD [Ovov" opo).oyw, on /JbP)bew cOv
7tgll.XC1XOV uxoJrOv cfi, aVai<Ll'IiOEW, rOLOmwv !;TjT.TJpa,wv,
&1' '" vO/li!;!1, onoJrovoaia brm).d xuJiwv aOtaJ"ci-
;,rw,xaril dLOyil71v ro,' ,TiOov.
M" VOIIi!;crE, OU oi ,0vO! xcii d! ,TVwllaw dl'UL agxaia
i<),Tj(!ovopia pa, [ ..J oravtxafhl co awOT/#
roD jW"pOV xai TOD p(!axio,. bropivw, iyw ,TOU
Db ixw T"V a!(JOT/OlV am"v biv iv/jwq 4Jopal va paOw, 17.1'
Eva rpwvijEl' elva! paxgol' [...] To 1101'01' .TOU iv/Jtalpf(!OPa!
va flUOw cIVIl.! va yvwgi!;w, Jroiov dVa! TO TOVl!;OjJEVOV
y(!iJ.ppa. "Eva, rovo, bropE:vW, ij /!va OTiypa iJEi TOD row-
!;OflE:vOV '/flappaTo, poD ag'!EL
Ano tOll r. lJt1lv i\ Ol]vwv,
Oltw.IU!06001ji'ElJ( XQovOYQU<pIJfICl tOu n.NI()Pitvu (1929).
'AJrOi<oJrraw cl, bTi JEUOV bwpo; b. wv t1' Vl' WI' HJI'
al}xaio'V aJ.'lvIXOv '!vapov pi HII' I'CWIT{101' xa! /j((!Voiyual
xaopa (laO!1 /lETa!:,!! cfi, t1.(!xaia, fjj,lrvrx;;r; yhvoOTJ, xai r;;r;
vEwcil}a" iinr; clval. /ifJEOOr; aiM!;" iX!VTjr;, aqJ' oi
jcaO'lrai oi co Jr(!WCOV {j,oaoxOpEvOI r"vaf!xaiav iJJ"l"txr,v
00. avrt),aji/lu"WVrat, Jrooov pa(}Eia lJIWPO(!a i)JrapxEt
pua!;/; rij, o{jOoyga'piw; ,fir; apxaia, illTjVli<11; yiwoUl/>
xai TIl' vEwriga,. 'EWOEiwt, on ovrw otapa)J,ovral co.
tigxaia y.cijlcva, iJJT;obEtxvvoJu.1'OV I:ppfuwr;, Ort wvw /Jiov
'Va 7tEI!U(flOVT/OWO/v wr; Jr).qf!'l 0flOoy(!arpIX(lw {)vuxohwv.
T"v UJEO roD ;t. Kai<!!/oii JrgorlvojliVTj'V xal'VOTOpiav "
rplAOUOlplXq ll.oJ.lj cou ffavLTwClIPiou iHJ'll'Wl' (}EW(JE'i 06
/lOvOl' avuJralOaywyl.xliv, wr; dYTJwt, dUa xai Jiav t..m-
xivovvov, blon 80. X'2T/UljlWU!1 ai!rTJ w, Jr(!opa(}pir; /Jl'
ii)J.ar; pCCaeflV()jlioEt,.
AltOtoEYYQU<jJO (tl]S27.11.1941)litto011:010
II <1>1).OOOlj'uuj AOllvWV TTlV
;)iOlSll YOU Xl10'lY'lnl TTlS I. e.Kme!!l(l1l.
324
METAPPY8MILEIL
TO MONOTONIKO
01 TOVOl KOl Ta nV8UflOTa ana TOUe; IpaflflaTlKOUe; TOU
20u n.X. at. Kal 08 KAaOlKO K8lfl8va, Yla va un8V-
TOV flOUOlKO TOVIOflO Tile; yAwooae; 6ap8ia, n8planw-
flVIl), nou 8iX8 apxio81 va unoxwp8i, Kal Tllv Tllv ... anouola
apXIKou oaoEOe; 80yyou (oa08ia,
Tov 90 flX. aI., napoMIlAa fl8 Til Y8viK8UOT] Tile; fllKPOYPOflflaTIle;
Kal OTav npo noMou 0 ouvafllKOe; TOVlOflOe; 8iX8 8KTon[08l
TOV flOUOlKO, Il TWV TOVIKWV OTwaOlWV 8n8KT08IlK8 08 OAO TOV
ypamo AOyO. To nOAuTovlKO OUVXI08 va KOl fl8Tcl TTlv
88UP80T] Tile; Tunoypaiae; fl8 8MxlOT8e;
08 apXTuna, Yla TXVIKOUe; A6youe;, KOl fl
OTIlV npWTIl KOOOT] Tile; OTa 8MIlVlKcl
nOAuyAWOOT], 1514), KOl oUOlaoTlKo 08V aflL061l-
napa OTIe; apxe; TOU 190u aI., 010 MaiOlO TOU 8AAIlVlKOU b,lQ-
wnoflou. 0 I. BIlAapOe;, npoT[VOVTOe; tva oUOTllfla op80-
ypalae;, KaTapyou08, onwe; avaflvofl8VO, Ta nV8uflaTa Kal
TOUe; TOVOUe; (fl8 Konol8e;
Tllv fl8TOppu8fllOil npwTOe; 8mxdpll08 va Tllv anoouvM-
Ol ana TO Y8VIKOTPO np06AIlfla Tile; 0 Ka8apoAoyoe; Lnup[-
OWV Kovooe;, nou flla 8ie; fl8AtTIlV Tiie; VOA-
AIlV1Kiie; YAwOOIle;" (1827) 08 OTOVlKO (fl8 Kon0l8e; xwpie;
va KOTapy8i TIlV op80ypaia. H KOlVOTOfl1a, onwe; Aiyo
apYOTpa aVclAoy8e; npOTOOle; oMwv apxaiOTWV (I. Xpuo06pYIle;,
1839), KavEva volacppov oV npoKoA80.
LTO TAIl TOU 190u al. apxaloflou, aAM Kal OUV8l0IlTO-
nOLlloll TWV npaKTlKWV OUOKOAIWV Tile; op80ypacpLae;) 01 fl8TaPPU8fll-
OTlKe; npOTclOle; TOU Ka8apoAoyou NlKOAOOU apou (aTovlKo, 1884,
flOVOTOVIKO, 1889) KOl TOU 1000Wp[01l LKUAlTOIl (KaToPYlloll 6ap8iae;
KOl 1886) npoKoA80av VTOV8e; aVTlOp0081e;.
AVTlKpOUOVTOe; TOV LKUALTOIl, 0 18WpYlOe; (1887)
npOOOlOPl08 Til KaT8u8uvOil Tile; nOA8-
we; Tle; fltpe; flae;: dvOl aVTlKpUe; tevocp80poe; noaa npoTOOle;
[... ] n8pt TOUe; TOVOUe;, Kal TO atv dVOl [... Jn8pI8uKoA[ae; ij
OuoKoAiae; [... ] oAM n8pi tvoTIlTOe; ij olaanaofloO yAWOOIle;.
(0 1 napfl8lv8 untpflaXOe; TWV TOVWV, napoAo nou, OTW
flOVO QUO cpopte;, toll;1: va OUflcpwvl fl TOUe; QVTlnclAOUe; TOU).
'ETOl, ana Tle; apxe; TOU 200u aI., TO aiTIlllQ Tile; QnAO-
no ill aile; 8a unooTIlPlX88i ana TOV all flO TlKLO flo , Kupiwe; TOV 8KnOl-
08UTlKO, KOl Il TUXIl TOU 8a ouv0888i fl8 TIlV nop8ia TOU YAWOOIKOU
0 MavoAIle; TplQvTOCPUAAIOIle;, nou OUOTllflaTlKcl
81lK8 fl8 TO op80ypacplKo npo6Arwa, OTl 01 TOVOl ov txouv
KafllQ OUT8 Kat ouvaflll 8VW
apK8Toi ouyypa8ie; Kal AOYOTXV8e; Kdfl8VO TOUe; 08
flOVOTOVlKO.
To anaoxoAllo Tllv nOAIT8ia TO 1931 (PWTllflQ OTI)v
AKaollflia KQI Tle; ilJIAooolKe; LXOAe;, nou 08V Kat TO
1939 (onoT8 0 I. anpPltjJ8 npomoll TWV aUVTaKTWV
Tile;
001000, TO TOVIKO tYlV8 yVWOTO 010 8UpUTPO KOLVO
fl8Tcl Til 0llflOOIOTIlTa nou Il TOU I.
Yla ne; analj!le; TOU OXTIKO HjV Tlle; natodae; Kal
(OUTpUaVTWe;) Yla Tllv KOOOIl TOU O
anaTil nAlOlj!llCPia HIe; A811VWV (iJiKT] rwv
r6vwv, 1941).
Mno Tll TOU '74, napaTllv UPUTaTll nAov ano-
TOU 11 Ku8pvllOll anppllj!npOTaOT) Tlle; aVTlnOALTU-
OT)<;, nou YIV OTO Malmo Tll<; I.JTQppU81.J10T)e;
TOU '76, YlQ Tllv Ka8lpwOl1 TOU
To 1982, 11 npOTQOl1 TOU YnoupYC:lou natodae;
nou Ka8lSpwv TO OTllV Knaiouoll Kat OTll oloiKIlOT), Kat
TIlV ana I.Jla
TOe; Tllv onola dX c:mBM1 0 TWV
TOU 90u at. fa,
if
llP.>mbellB,
ITO'fmTei) eJp.l.
) YtNH;EWC; < lHGOV XplC1';';
TOV'V10V'
1aepao.u. 1 Icroer. ....
croaK 'lOpP10KVJ8.
"b8 '11,' 'Y'I'f'HCiE I lop 'IO\JlIap,
-t:Ol/lovC;'aAEAq>OVC:'avTOV.'IOVAOe:'
\fHO'f cC\lopic;'Y.cn.;ToV flor6'EI: I1HCf GOUO?:
'q>ap,,'A"'Y'jI'r1<""loe""pw,,--"'pO>J!.'lI"'Y'
A. yf\I"VHcEr1 V' Oill
paAci:!l.'ollJpollae'11,' 'YWp"",(JOp'HOo<laOJp
Noaacrci:lp).A e.' 'C1cAumv
U( lHc;'poxci:.e.
'ooeHA'it:tlJiC: 'oUl5HA'
, lOplcCO'Ol. rlEO"GOJ i
lICIVlAllop'Sa01;>"'a.'lIav,N:'.,'o'8MIAf.'" '"
,
'co>-o..l.l.6jJ':Ae."'c:yf.VVH:1elopp08cC.u.- OSCCll
'lIf.''Y'IIJllK"! lop'ae,a.'c6,c'A"'y'W"'" 'lep
r c:JO:.!OGO:' 2.:"EyipVHcrt:J lcjJ)/(.:)O'oeyar
I eyey;
eyeWIH:rElloV'"IWC:;'
aa..u.'lo.XX{lQll 'axa!:6xaJ
J EYElJ1fHot
'..uavaac"H." AfI
.
YEPVl-icrEf lO}J "r.Olf 1ovc;'
'CVTO\J' H::.llnoll:EO'lac;'Ba.Bv/-.Wvoc;.' llETa
llITOU;eoiav18aevAWVOc;<;'ixoyia<. E:
fGaAO",HiNAE
a.,lop'lOJ'DI36.6>A. 'jOpol36.6>A'11,' 'Y'IiV"""
TOll" a.etoVA. aOlovlL"AE"'E)'i\lI.n-1
","'.'>Alm,,;u'liE',yiWIlO"lop'aj"'p.'ol"'p
I AE craAo.>K",At'EyewucE
rloV'aXti.u!a,'(nlltlAf
AIOVA'AE"Y'W""
'EYEJ.1llHvEIloV.llaT6au.'llOTOa.u"A'E'EyetIVHOll
'TOKmp.IIOKWB',AeytPllHGl:r
ciVApa' .rE
E
IHcov<;ro' AEyO
.uV0c; I XPlcn-O\."wci.@"'OVV;01'
.8pOCX.u e!':OT<H1apec;.' r.m
'OT!"O 'AavlA '(,1)<;; Tlic; 'Ba.BvAc01JOC.
f AEJCaTtoO'opec;.'KCD'aTI011H<;
a(BaevNDPO,'"'" ,lal>'xpICrrov, -Y,'P'cD'11"
KQ'T"f;60apEC.,lov-Af'
ell,:OVTOJ,:Hp, J.#'l:'''''vetiaH, UHO
TpoC'QVTOVI rrplvoH'O"VVe>...
f
... IDVEV 0'1: avHPr Cl'\JTHC
:).IkalO''my,"K01
t
.uH
T
9EAwN 'avnlV y'
.uaricrm.tEoVAHOHcJ\Qooaa:rroAvarn<QVTI1V.
.'10:VTQ1 AE'cnrrov J

, .
/
UoJIlscuwn'rc:dm)
11
00'@WI""' ',cfu'dl:t' 11
I fh '"111 fwwd1fillJ bl1b!Q.Q.
I
l ,. "r' .
- ob '{lOt-
gcmur ....
C plNr((J'tt'3l1ram oc
l
m-Jru!lr..1"."UCCO
lora.'" fJrJ"{lUt'g.t ",A. ':'.
1J.l;lr'JrJrn.. .lUIl"lTl 'amI'- f
ludJb 21min:Jdab t aJilr';0lIlir1n:Jqron.
,1taBfetn',J(H gL'nlllf'rallttOn..SJfnlOn
'aUI
'!:3'
ruUt",nrC.rjl'cffcrJamn 'gL1liUl .:oo.:\ I.
o..JUld
t
rcglm..'wJtIJJ'autnn<rcr'l3cll :nr
IIJ!OJrrO:JL'TT1' era.qUi. C\:' ;X'0
'iJirr"\;;cunr' roro-5.lR bcJOl J."J-'1r.j.b
'.SltLJ'Jllri"Gcnuir
< .Ifa.rBf;z .. }'ofa
pt:-.lI JilI

rot 'Joan:>;";1'sen,,"'w,0J.',&b'j'il
'aiir \,(f!ll-i[
{m.lJJJtfm. ''i3QlU1r '3m6. "fJ
bllma r'WI' Oluir 'iofii..--joff.ro" JUr' g.c
nUir 'tccooml1m al:'CCOXOX>
nUll "o"rrifmi'nlnonc'wbylonifJ, '0
,.
IllLir' fJllrf)IcI. 'SaWb4d'QlI!I.rm b
it'J01.ONbcJ. I
.tbwd. 2lb-ud''l1l CJTI
(binL-f"h,awml
1
auC');01Ult'GJ..:>:'" 11;01.
'llJU ""luI "t":1l'So<b:Sa.d1.i'JUI< (jL1urir
r.ubim..'A"blml' JutlJIgcruul'diud.
1
p.
hud-JUl- iJ01Ulrck'3}U.'.fla:J;aflautC
'GOluHrn.. !}Q1.WI[
f LJ.Coo,ljarob ',)uum
'!CfUi1'q
C. I
b,a ''<'Ii od'oo:'gfultiOtU:il'qllJi):d<ri.',

-gfutnor\3<qru
II'Wbylollbl' l1'llIld'rjim:-,;noro<tq._
ruoz.dwnL "'ilU1On
'fU:'mll,l:umelT<t'od'pon(oro'mGI ot;
,timJ"fTl.ar1a" iofcpb:'o1nu: if; ,l:un.utJli5"
rmc'ITlUCl'lU 'ruro bgbcnJlO(
-
'Olm'Clf,,'ilillue"C1
.
'1Ii}u:1atil"tco'c.o.:;ir'<lJll&:.' cccl:tn"fofu i:) '.
'iIpparuu "in'(omnia'iofq>b'oicill:'j1o
1\ ,
Ma DeCl iJ7COV JrLO rpavliJ.io, 0 Jrflpa)'OYWfJO, rrl<;
rovo/lavia, /la, Eivat 'I Jr(!o()c(T1/ (/0', 'Eytvc aJr' rr/1' "c1,
(d(Jc - (Jc)'" Eiiw Jrta iiev irpvyc xaviva, TOVO" ywn iiE:\l
xat xaviva, yw va rpuyCl, .. , EJr(!mc O/lW, Xt'
am'l Tf va rpo(!i(JE/, iva xcurcJ..aXt, uUfJrpwva /lc
TOV avo'lro %avova JrW, JrqiJrC! %aOc U/;'1 va Ctc! bav
TiWO [ ...J
r'lv ciiiarc r'lv Jra(!aiiolITj"; 0Xt fJifJaw, nunifJw fJa).
),01' JrW, diiarc T'IV Jra(!afJialITj rlJ' JrlX(!abolITj'.. ,
r=E,
f;.w(J(J[xa llrlf!c(!ya, 1932['1970,lJ, 60J,
%aviva, reolITj rpOopa vrpirn(1.TaL
TO ovo, 01 i;a(J",eovra , rna Jr(Jtiita xavol'l:; reol! iii:v rJTT](!i-
rna Jr(!ayfJam, JrOU CeJroTdovv /"I)alil) xai
imrn'lfJovtxO xai Jr(!w<uxo, XIJ/: Jro(J'I" oixOVOIlIJIT/
tp()o(!a rirco atpavr:arn'l (JJWTa),'1 xpovov rILl njv
wrnOX'l im),oyr) i(JoiiirvafJwv rnol'/;dwv, :rou Mv i/;v1l'Tf'
{?ITOVV ma Yoa/lu7.v (J%OTCtfJOT'Im!... 'H i%Jraiiiwmi
TO pi E/lrpatlTJ, ()a xafJ'I iva fJEya}.o JT(!O,
Ta ij/Ir(!o" fJOvO uv %aro(!Ow(JoVfJc va tJa/la(JovfJE amo TO
TC{?ofJ}.TffJa (TOV TCO),VTOVWfJO).
Ay.TaonuvtlXII';'T(litl] tlll!IOW<lI-,
'E;ToXi;, lX, 39 (1966) L3,
Irov, fJaOv(J'[oxarrr:ov, Jrov mtxa),oVvrat r'lvavayx'l va
tJtcuxo)vvOEi, fJE TOV, TOVOV, J<(Jt ra revc'l)fJam r'l, xaOa-
(Jcuoll(Ja;, ro Jri(!a(JfJa (Jr'l w)Jn/ r'l; a(!7.aia; y),w(J(Ja"
(}a ;ra(!(J.T1IU1i(Jw /lc (Jc{Ja(JfJo JrW, rrr:'1Y It(!aYfJanXOT'Im
OLin; iiuo "e(Ja arov, JrEV/ina aIrOlfioiroll, TWV FV/lva-
(Jiwy /la, bt1i row a(!xaiov, avyypaq Ii, rno
Jr(!WTOWJlO. ,'rIw ),oorov JrOV 'I a(!7.alOfJa()cw TWV
l'WV EivIJI ;rliJ.iLTOV avuJraf!J<T'I, 'I rWII TOVWV
ii['Y wrpEi.d &0).011 yw T1Il' Jr(!oaywy/j rTf; xat (JvvcJr(:'; 1/
aTCAoJroi'llITj iiEV WTopci va T'I ea t'SOlxOVOjUi-
(Jct a.Ti.(O, ;raww))., (o!!r:; yw va XP'I(JtjIOJroIOUl'r(Jt
aJro rov; 'EJJ.'1vc, !rolu JUO XlX(!ltotpo{?a, 1'1/V roYlYo/j
aJlAoJroi'llITj rrll' cJrtfJa))C! TO (Jvjlpipov r:'1; 01'1 ;oj, fla,
7rattJEia, [".].
XQ. XOI)IJ1iOI1" WOYWyll 'TTlI JICt(I((,Q\l.ml tOC
AOYOllltFf)i TIl<; II.OO/)ov tOil KUQtrlTlou,
t\ 1948,o.Vfn',
KlIool1 TTl, Ay, (1514-
1522), ITO tiJIl1V'KO KtifltVO Til, KalVlj<;
f10VOV tV TOil; KEpofa
iIOPiOl:E. MOPOl:
325
H <pWTOypO<j>;O ITOU TO TaU 6,611iou TOU
A.Taynbee ITOpoorOTIKOrara TOU
To 61ell;0 exci ora
TiTllo Of EAAl)ve; KOf I) KAl)pOVOpla TOUe;, alTo TOV
N,
Mov {)oO'P, ayevr1]wi ipi).OL, va ygaljJw aE J1l(J. yAdJaaa
Jrou J1OvOV ano IIglxa ixaroJ1J1vgw avlJgdJnwv.
fI(I{I' oj! ailnl, J1La ylwaaa nou /J1J,d:raL ini {)VOJ1LOL 1.1-
J.ui{)e<; XglJVLa xwgi, lIwxoniJ xai J1
J
OilXUJTE<; lJLaipo{JE<;.
'Jl fwgaJ.OY'l aimi, paLV0J10'lXa, {)LalJTa01J aWLl7TOLxeL
xai uri]v iJJ.tXOnvW/llWXiJ mOP/fa rij<; xwga<; J10V. nov
elVa! fll-;.I(!1i oi: b.W01J xtiJpov xai anEpavnT OE lxwmT
xgOvov. Kai ro ava,/,it!w 0XL {)Loi,ov yLa va v:rcg1]cpa-
vwlJa; ana yLa va &it;w ri<;(jvoxoiJ.<; :rov
Eva<; JfOLl)rry<; orav XgI)OLJ1oJfou:f yLa 'rIl mo riyevrTJ)liva
ngaYJ1ara ri<; i"c51<; JisEl<; ,TOU Xt!7JULJ10nOLOVOav J1La _Jr-
<fIW ij Eva, mvtJago<; Jr.X,. [ ... j XWt!i, va A1JUpoveL xaveL,
on oro paY-{}O<;" d'xom :rine aiwvwv c5& vJCljr.>t;e oiiu
Eva<;, inavaJ.aJ1(Javw O'ITE EvLl" nov va J1iJ ypaqrrl)xe ,Toi1]-
01J uri]v tJJ,'TVLXiJ yi-6Jooa, Na Ti elvaL ro {JqaJ.o (Japo,
:rar.>ac5001J' !rUV ro 6pyavo avro OJTXOJVeL. To
rivayAvcpa ry via !:}J7JVLXiJ :roiTJ01J.
Ehjt1j;,
t\oyo<;Imiv' )(Ulil\1"UUisEt )():&/lll;.
'Ev AwX!O, AO'lv1.992 (1.3257.
llpi;w va (!7rovc5aowJ1e xa}.im:ga riJv apxaill yuJ. va
xara}.a{Jov{JI: riJv iorOpLXiJ asia nj<; c51]J1lmY-ij); [ ...1
Fgaipw rryv y}jj)aaa rov }.aofj, iYrav iJ tJll/JOTlX7j J1a,
c5iv Exel J1La ii41) !fOV J1ii, .mipvw ni aiTO
riJv rigxaia xai Jrgoa!falJa; va riJl' rail/LaSlO J1i; riJ ypl.lJ1-
J1auxiJ TOV WOV,
lJ.'1I):141T];.
"nQo"oyOS'17tO Tat;ic5, J10V, AlJ'jva1888.
H rAOIIA IHMEPA
HAIAXPONIKH 41AITAIH THI EMHNIKHI
H yAwooOAOYla ana TIC; apxb; TOU 200u Ql. 0PXLO va OiVL
OHlv TWV yAwoowv O Xpovo KQL floALOla OH]
ouyxpoVIl TOUe; 8WPIlOIl), napallAWVTOe; Til
Tile; npOAUOIle;, Tile; OUYYVlae; KQL Tile; E;AlE;lle;
TWV yAWOOWV 8WPIlOIl). OIlWe;, OUVl-
on:a. T] nAT]pOTT]TO O11l IlLae; yAwooae; anQLTi
ouvouaoflo KQL 8WPIl01le;' 6. YAWOOe; fl
lloKpa[wvll napooooT] KQL UPUTpT] KQL napou-
oia[VQL ovoyKIl va Kal olaxpovlKO,
E10IKoTpa, npoKLIlVOU YLQ TT]V lvQL avoYKIl va 8u-
onMT]VLKO oV lvQL Il TT]V onola
KOl we; (allO TO 1976) YAwooa EAAIlVlKO
[val KQL T] A6VlO Iloe; nap6000ll Ko8apuouoa
KQL EMIlVlKO 8lvOl KQL T] yAwooo nou Kal
vpo<pav 010 EMT]VlKO KQL Il yAwooo Tile; apXQLOTIlTae;,
EAAT]VLKO Kal Il YAwooa TWV EuaVYAiwv KQL l-lyoAO l-lpOe; Tile; ypa-
K<PPOOlle; TOU xplonaVLOIlOu. AUTO OT]I-lOiVL onTllv
unOXPoull8a vo Til KOt O11l Tile; OIOO1aOIl,
H I1POOVYlOT) llle; VAwooae; onOKaAum1
OUO Ka[ple; OlOOTOOIe; Tile;: o. TIlV OlKOUIlVIKOTIlTO Tile;
6 TOV vlaio Tile; H 0IKOUf./E:V1KOf1)TO f1)e; Eltlt1)V1Krje; 0<pl-
ATQL OTO uljJllM YOIlTPO nouOnKTT]O Il ol8vwe; al10
TO flYOAO KlI-lVa TT]e; Tile; AOYOTXvioe; KOL TOU V YVl
O1OXOOIlOU HIe; 0PXQLOTIlTOe;, O<plATOl J1iOIle; OTIl AlTOUPY[O Tile;,
J1[ M, AAE;ovopou, we; ol8voue; yAwooae; TOU nOAlTlOI-l0U KQL TOU
010 KUpOe; Tile; we; VAwooae; Tile; aUTOKpOTOp[Oe;
326
t""" :. ... .'. '_ .
THESAURUS LlNGUAEGRAI:CAE
CD ROM#0
CONTENTS,
:TLGDATABANKTEXTS
2 INDEXTO TLG OAT BANKTEXTS
3 TLG N


'f'tJis mayonlybeusedfor noncommsr1:ial'!IthQW1'y
tIQhllo MIdUII8 ltuscl!$ll,:"
by lilguaeG!'OOC;)ll l..JeMIs.e Agl@8'T1et'lt.
'PHI
iEQPilOIMn.AMnINIQTHL:
mov MOolwvo, onlY O[YAll Tile; We; YAWOOOe; TOU nVEUI10TOe; OTllv
AvoySVVllOll, OTllv Tile; We; YAWOOOe; Tile; OIE8voue; EnlOTll-
opOAOyloe; KOI mllv lCJ)(U nou onsKTlloE We; m[olll111 yAWOOO
Tile; voe; 8PllOKElOe;, TOU XPlOTlOVI0I10U.
Ana Til I1EASTIl Tile; npOKLmTEI Ooq,we; KOl 0
Vw/oe; xapaKTF7pae; Tile; yAWOOOe;. MlAWVTOe; YIO EVIO[O
yAWOOO (npolovTile; OIOOOKOAioe; Tile; TOU rEWPY[OU
EVVOOUI1 OTl 01010e; AOOe;, 01 'E'\'\llve;, mov[OtO yEWYPO-
q,IKO Xwpo, TllV EAMoo, I1lJ\QEl xwp[e; 40 OlWVEe; TWPO KOl mf-
aile; ypOq,EI-I1TllV lOla (anaTOV 80 n.X. m)KOl TllV lOla op80-
ypoq,io (ana TO 400 n.X.)- Tllv [alayAWOOO, Tllv AUTO Ov
OT1I10IVEI, q,UOlKQ, OTI 11 yAWOOO TWV 0PXOlWV dVOl q,WVllTl-
KO, YP0I1110TlKQ, OUVTOKTlK6 KOl [ala KOl onopo'\'\oKTll 11
yAWOOO nou 111A611E KOI YP0<!lOUIlE ar111PO
I
MnoBoASe; mllv E'\'\llVI-
yAWOOO TOUe; 40OUTOUe; OlWVe; YIVOV no'\'\se;, 0Xl ol1We; TOOEe; KOI
TTOlEe; nou vao'\'\QlWOOUV Til q,UOlOYVWI1[O Kat TO
Tile; KOTO Tpono nou va I111V OTl npOKElTat
ylo TllV [010 yAWOOO. 0 OOI1IKOe; OKAnOe;
'" Tile; TO KUPlO XOPOKTllpl-
" mlKO TIle; Tile; 0PXOlOe; KOl
\, TIle;
l

P...k..,.-j H'J'llIlrlk"slr;slItUli

JL JIZ.1.
CIt 1M ofItlJr""'er!J,1ty t;lI CaI,IClIlI.!
A:lr1tjt\t1r!'$..f"<
CORSI10bS000
rrpoc; Tllv w/-6iwof) rrou orro-
TA[ 110Prl Tile; OUVXIOe;
Tile; Kat uploe; KA[110KOe; ava-a/waf) apxolwv KOI
rro,\OlOTf.:pWV Oq,ElAOI1f.:Vll OTO f.:mmpoq,IKo 110TO TOU
OTTlKl0110U (OpXOlOU Kat TOU K080Pl0l10U (KOpo'iKOU KOl
I1noKopo'iKou), Tile; KOI Tile; K08apEuouoae; (OUOTllPoe;
KOl anMe;), yyovoe; nou mllv 10lQITPll KOI
nov80110AoYOUI1Vll vOTllTO. ?8-
va KOI Til OUY-
XpOVll oq,ou 010,\-
Aoyse; nou SylVOV oq,opouv
nEploooTPO mil
TWV OOI1IKWV KOTllYOPlWV
CJ)(1l110Tlm1KO
OTOIXlO, 8oyyoue;, K.T.O.)
Kat A1YOTEPO mle; [Ole; Tle;
OOl1lKSe; KOTllYOplEe; (XpO-
YOU, nOlou EVEpYElOe;, q,w-
EYKA[O We;, mwoEWe;,
op18110U, yvoue;, K.An.). EIOlKO-
TEpa mo nopoAAllAO
Ta oW/!.mui JfOi111ara Jfpwwypa<prrp<av mivw XIl.rW or:Tj
01/11E(!1.V1j rovr; 110iN)Jj rov cfJbOI1O aujna Jf,X l.JfO ron: Tj
UJ,TjViXJj yM)(Jua aJfO%Ta I1W OVl'qIj Jfapabo01/ JfOV ipra-
VEt W'; TTjV EJrOm par;. Y;rJjpl.av fJipaw aJJ..ayi,;, a)),a iicv
bTjpwvpyJjOTjXE %anow gJjypa un, onwr; iyi'"
avapEUa ma AanVLxa xm nr; pwpav,xc,; yAW(J(JC;.
Ta Nlxaia bEV aJTOru.oUv gil", y),,(jJ(J(Ja yta TOV
O1/W(J'VO 'E}J,Tjva, onwr; IlVpIJaivH fJ ra A)"IJ.ollagoVlxa
yw rov 1\ )"1),,0 l... rov )gl)"oY"'<011
HI'; a'ToOcparo; ivai EVrvnwmw'1 [... ) Kat Jfl%pa TfI
Yt'Yovo; 1m vJfJjpgav !roW; avaxararagHr; rwv popipoi.o-
ymwv UXTjparwv, v,T1pgE XI%! pEyaATj 0Vl'0'P.7 ErIlL faEJJ.Tj-
Vlxa a,'fOf&OVv, a%ol1T/ xa/ u1I1Epa, at/xcra EI1'PI%VWr; , av
apxaixo, 11'iiOEVpWnat%0 rVJfo y).wlllla;, OJfW; ra AaTm-
xa Jj ra Pwm"a r...]'ErllL, ra JfpUHpOrE(}a malul% TTlr;
yAw(J(Jar; iva' npo(Jmi or:OV; 0fl';.I"C;
(j!allEwv %ara iva f{!OJfO JfOV &1'ivai W 4
Jj a"ol1a %ai fa I1walwvLXa AyyAtxa movr; 0l1uJlrir; TTlr;
uVyl.f!OVI/'; ayyAt%Jjr; y),wollar;.
R.Browniug,
If xai via yAwlllla, 11. 9. 13.
oOffiIK6<; Thesaurus Linguae Graecae lOU
Irvine KoA1'l'6pv10 6Ao TO
tpyoanaTOV 80 n.X. ewe; lOV 50 m.
11 0),11 iUTjVlXi, yJJjJIl(Ja Jfat/afJd)J,rai JfPU; apxaiov
JfOlVllln'Ocrov 11i:'la(!Ov OJfEP, ami rwv apxaiwv xPOI'WV
og()wv !fJrapEV01', I1crat/pvOpi(Jnr; 110I'OV uvar; xafa 'Car;
hamOTE avaY"ar; vrpior:aro, 1.1' r0 O1!l'oJ.w opwr; ra
a(!xaiov uxcJwv, ." xlim; xai at Ugn;, (jiWll.JljO"
xaUjj;. [lalla bi, apa pU.ErTj iifv Ovvarai va Y/;VT/Tal
aJ).wr; ij wr; IlVvoJ.OV xai JTa(Ja iiJ.lTj igEra(JI. in'" (juvara,
IiJJ.wr; ij wr; jlE()oiii"av (J({,aJ.pa va 7.allaxrTjpwOi/.
r.XUt!;UJl1Zl" "n QlTii, livayxlj>;
vil>; ' ....SL;<OU Til;E).;,'II',xij;/I.r;lllmp"
n,U)llllo),oyu<ai ''EOWJ'(ll, T. I.G. 489.
327
t\E::::lJ\OnO
Hmo micQC<G11 onlv
W)V O!.IOYEVlOV ELvm 010 A.ESlAOYlO. H HsEWV
;wlxiUEl ava),oya fU: 10
10 XQaVO O1TjV XWQa XO-L 10
8flU. Ot rtOV llEQVOUV
OW ,WV 0f-l0YEVWV O1!xv6: JlQooawo\,ov,m 010
fl0Qq;O),OYlXO oU0111f-la ftE '11V
,wv xaWAljsEWV. H ,wvCUVEOwV
OtO CjXl1VOAOYl)(O ErtlrtECO 1l0LXL),),El avaAoya. fU: ,0q:;W"'ll,L-
xa-q:;WVo),oytXO aUo'11fla. '% IOU
A'('IAlXci -:),),-AflEQlX. H),,-Auo'Q. En-!\ovcivou
market maree/a rrwree/a mareeta
box baksi boksi poksi
floor flari floTi flaar
s/Ove stota kuka (cooker)
EH1']vlxa ,wv 0'1'] yaAAocpUlv11 XOlvo,lj,a ,wv
BgUSE)'WV
imina: wav8(Jw<Ol2vXdo
/0kondralO: IIavp-fJaoll
o garaz;stas: aflIlXavt,,6r;
MOP<I>Ot\OflKA MNEIA
ibasket-oula: "aAUet
10 basket-aki: xal,al:h
i[riz-aula: 1/iUYEW
10 f!araki: Ow/dl2LOfla
LW HuV 0flOYEVt;JV w'u ayy),oq:;UJVOU XOOVou Efl-
CjJa\,iSOVWL (Jvxvci EXUllQOOl:E-
8eL
LYNTAKTIKA6ANEIA
L1O- EIJc1lvlxa 'wv0flOYEVWV IOU UY'!AOCPWVOU XOOflOU JT.U-
OVXVa llQ08EOW; rrov CEV
ou; ((VTlC:1TOtX,f-t; CU.tl"lXC; EX( n.):_
- To orrillIIOU Elvm"ci,'w <TtQ Separation lIc:cl.
Ai\i\AfH KQ6TKA
1lfQtEXOUV lJ?fl;.
- Katn OEl,uS, love, '11 Q1;.H(,("J.
- My COl/sill lives lJ.Auoa..
IeJTOlOV 0a OwaELS 10- roses;
- ME qJwvasE boss a,o'iQ(J.[jlELO 'au.
v,a
TWV HTlErpWTWv Nto
1939 E.A.I.A.).
328
H fJ\OIIA IHMEPA
TA EAAHNIKA TnN OMOrENnN
H dVatIl yAwooa TWV 10 8KaTOI..li.1Upiwv KaTOiKWV Tile; EAAa-
oae;, TWV EMIlVOKUnpiwv, TWV BOp810lln8lpWTWV Kal TWV 0110-
y8VWV, nou 6PlOKOVTOl 8YKOT80TIlI-lE:VOI one; HVWI-lE:V8e; IloAlTd8e; Tile;
OTOV Kavai56, OTIl NOTIO <JlTlV AUOTpaALa, oTT]
MC;YOAIl Bpnavla, OTIl 18Pllav[a, OTIe; XWp8e; Tile; npwllv
'EvwOT]e;, <JlTlvToupKla,A[yumo, NOTIO KataMOU -08OAOKAIlPO
TOV
Hnop8iaTile; Tile; yAwooae; TWV 01-l0Y8VWV nOlKiM81 ava-
Aoya 1-l8 ne; nOAlTlKE:e; Kat KOlVWVIKE:e; Tile; xwpae;
Kal aAAOUe; napayoVT8e;. Ana ne; 1-l8AE:T8e; nou E:XOUV yiV81, 08 OUnKE:e;
XWp8e; KUp[We;, npOKum81 on Ta 6aOlKa 8[VQl Mo KQl
a<jJopouv TO 6a81-lo Tile; anane; V80T8p8e; Y8VlE:e; Kat
Til Tile; Tile;
Ana Til 08UT8Pll Y8Vla 11 Tile; OTO
aniTl Kat 08 KOIVWVIKE:e; ouvavTT'j081e; 1-l8 OAAOUe; EMllv8e;. Ana Tllv Tpi-
Til Y8Vla aK01-l1l n8ploo0T8PO, 01 yov8ie; ouxvo08V
XPIlOlI-l0nOIOUv TT]v OlJT8 oTO anlTl. 'ETOI np06AE:m:Tal OTl 11
KlVOUV8U81 va xa8d,a<jJou Il KuplapXIl YAwooa Sa 8TI8KTa88i
08 OA8e; ne; 8TIlKOIVWVlaKE:e; avaYK8e;. Evavna OTIlV TOOT] 8V8p-
youv ljJUXOAOylKOi napayoVT8e;, onwe; Il 8TI18ul-lia va 0iaTIlPll8d11 88vl-
Kal TOUTOTllTa TWV H EKKAlloia,
01 oUMoyOI TWV 01-l0Y8VWV Kal 11 Ku6E:PVIlOIl 8V1OXuouv TT]v
118 810lKO oxoAda Kat nOAlTlOTIKE:e; OpaOTIlPIOTlln:e;. npo-
o<jJaTO 01 Tile; AUOTpaAtae; KQl 0Pl0I-lE:VWV XwpWV Tile; EE
8VSappuvouv Til Tile; YAwooae; TWV Kat E:XOUV
810ayaY81 Kat TIlV 08 Opl0I-lE:Va oxoAda. AAAO Kalil OTOOll
TWV 01-l0Y8VWV Kal AUOTpaAlae; anE:vavTl OTllv
nap6i5ooll E:X8l ola<jJoponoI1l8d. To ai081ll-la KOTwT8pOTIlTOe; TWV npw-
TWV Y8V8WV E:X81 OW081 Til 8E:0ll TOU 08 I-lla OTaoll Kat
OUXVO l:'aUTO OUVTEAd Il Kat 8TIlTUxia
TWV 01-l0Y8VWV aVal-l80a
OTOUe; onoioue; OUYKOTa-
MyOVTat np08-
OPOl, Y8pOUOlaOTe; Kat
8TIlOTTWOV8C;. H OVOOoe;
TOU KUpOUe; Tile;
Kat ana TO Y8YO-
Voe; onE:XOUV 0IlI-lIOUPYIl-
88i naV8TIlOTlll-llaKE:e; 0-
p8e; YAwooae;
Kal nOAITlOIlOU, 8VW TO
8AAIlVlKO ypal-ll-laTa npo-
08AKUOUV Twpa Kal
VOUC;. 01 npwT06ouAl8C;
aUTE:e; I-lnopOUV va ava-
OTdAOUV Til <jJSopo Tile;
TWV 0IlOY8VWV
Tile; AuoTpaAlae;
Kal AyyAiac; H l-l8TaVa-
OT8UOll OTIl 18Pl-laviadvat
monpooepQTIl KOl 01 'EMllve; KlOV npoana80uvva aepollolw80uv
OlIlV UPUTPIl KOIVOTIlm, Il onora aAAwoT oV v8appuv1 TIlv
vOWllaTWOJl. Ana Tllv aAAIl n!lEUpa 10 EAAllvonouAa nou napaKo-
Aou80uv nOAAEe; wpe; oloaoKaAlae; Xouv
Olilxwpo
L O,TI oepopa TIlv HIe; TWV OIJOYVWV napQT11Pou-
VTOl ouo XOPOKTIlPIOTIKa epOlvollva: o. lOU YAWOOIKOU KWOI-
KO (code switching) Ileoo Olav [010 olaAoyo KOl Olllv iOlo npomoll.
(KGl 1l0U rptpVE:l AouAouolO Ylo va nt on elval sorry) 6, H
OMOIWV101 unoT11V EnIOpOOIlTIle; KupiopXIle; yAwoooe; we; UIO-
810UVTOl 0101Xl0 <pwVIlTIKa KOl EnITOVIKO, (pj]andreftllika 11 ooou-
TIlTO OTO Ipl KOl It! onwe; OnOI1l Il ayy onAonOIiTOl
TO 1l0pepOAOylKO KOi OUVTOKTIKO OUOTIlIlO (YVlKUTOl TO OUOTPO
KOi 0POVlKO ytvoe;, OVTlK08iOTOTQl Il nnLJOJl 11 np080Jl ana
+ lOPXOVTQI oavle; npoooPIlOollVe; OTIl epwvo-
Aoyio KOI 10 TumKO Tile; EAA'lVIKrle;, nou nOiKiMouv ovaAoyo 11 Til
xwpo npotAEU011e; (H box: Kouri, y[V1Ol AA11VOOIlPIKovIKa
baksi, boksi, KOt OlO MllvlKa TOU Aovo[vou,
poksi), KOl TAOe; XPIlOIllonOlouvml oavIe; lOlwllaTIKtc; <ppOOIe; KQl
0IlIlOOlOAOYlKe; oOllte; (Ga TO ypaljJw Karw, ono TO OYYAIKO Iwill write
it down aVTi lOU AAllvIKOU Ga TO OTJj1E:1WOW) ,01 aAAayte; oUTte;, omv
1l0vlllOnolouvTal,o011YOUV O iliavo 8VOAKTO.
To vto volaepov Yla T11V EMaoo KOl TOV nOA11l01l0 T11e;, Il
TWV OUTlKWV xwpwv anevavTl OlIlVnapaoooll
TWV KOl 11 UKOA'l maEnIKOIVWvia TWV 0lloyvwv 11 T'lV
EMaoonapexouv T11V uKOlp[a va vloxu8i Il yAwooa KOl
lleOW aOOIlOe; TWV 0lloyvwv 11 Tllv nmpioaTOUe;. H
Tile; Ku6epv110Ile; IVOl onapaiT11TIl Yla oUOla01IKOUe;,
aMaKQI !jJUXoAoyIKoue; Myoue;. (t,.
To EI. .... KtVTPO, Paddington Street 16-18,
ITO wpOlomTO OLITO KTipIO, TOU EYKOTO'
TO 1993TO E.... Ktvrpo. To KtvrpO OUTO
ono KOI CiI....
KOIVOTqTO TOU Aovi5ivou, KO' apXloc VII .... CITOUPVEi TO 1994.
oKUplO<; OKonOe; TOU EivOi nO.... ITIOTIKO<;, VO oUVKvrpWOI,
TOUe; .... ou.... iloVou<; TOU Aovi5ivou KOI
vo npootjltpI ovnou<; xwpoue; V'O ........
cvi5lOtjlepOvTo<;, cK8toCI<;, ouvou.... ic<;, 8tarpo, Kiln.
1i5lOiTpq tjlpovTii5o exc, OTI<; OViIVK<; TOU Iuil.\iIvou TWV
Ntwv, OTOV onoio exc, nopoxwpq8i tvo<; OAOKilqpo<; OpOtjlOe;
lIC1TW OTTO TO IOOVCIO,
ono TO TOU 6,6.... iou TOU Hugh Gilchrist,
Australians and Greeks (T. I :The Early Years), 1992(H ouv8taq
tivolTOU N. Michelides, Greek-Australians: In Their Own Image,
National ProjectArchives).
EIPHNH <DIAlnnAKH-WARBURTON
329
- .. -i111
01 a,8vlaIlOi nJKolvwvia
aTO Eupwno"KO Kolvo6ouA,o. Euroki-
nissi).
EMHNIKHrPM>H <l>QNHTIKHrrA<PH
'1 til
v [/1
(J) [0]
au [aJ], [av)
EU [e11 rev]
'IV [if], [il']
Y
[y], Uj
lJ [lJ]
IJ [OJ
X
[x1 [r]
pr [b1 [mb]
yr
[tl], ["al
yx [g],ITfg]
yy [,/g]
[dz]
MIKTOLynHlv1A AATINIKO L:YITHNIA
'1
a II
0 W 0 0
if, av aa a/,av au
e1; ev ea e[, ev ea
if, iv '111 if, iv
fa
y y gIl gh
I> I> dh dh
(}
0 Iii til
x x ch ch
b mp b mp
d III d nt
g gk g gk
g gg g gg
Iz Iz Iz Iz
A. Proposition pour un systeme de
notation eVou de translitteratlon du grec modeme en caracteres
latins, a. 47-51.
H rAOrrA rHMEPA
41E9NIIMOI
.- -/:.
"". -- - -.
11 nou I.lla yAwooa, ana-
VTO as I.lS (nap)OI.lOla Kal OTlI.lao[a, nx T1")J.i:-
epwvo, telephone, telephone, Telefon, telerono, KTA. 0 nOAIKo
nou TdvSL va KQ8lepw8d, dVQI 0 I.lLa
I.lS rrpoywpa, ayyALKo
breakfast, yaAALKQ pelil-dejeuner, yepl.lavLKO Frlihsllick, LTQALKO colazione,
LGnavLKo desayuno, oAAavolKo ontbijl, PWOlKO sawlrak.
o IOLQiTSpa
OT11 olaI.lOPw011 KOIVOU TWV eupwna'lKwv Aawv,
aou aTOlXda aVTAlll.ltva ano T11V Apxoia KQl T11
l.l8TtxoUV aTO OX11l.laTl0I.l0 TWV noAuOpl81.lwv ols8vl0I.lWV,
Yla va KaAu4JOuv TQXUTQTa KQl anOTSA8Ol.lQTlKO aTO SITim:oo T11e; KQTO-
TOU av8pwmvou KQl OT11
8swpia Kal 01 ols8vl0I.lO[
pa ma tvo ons8vlKonol11fltvO IJS unsps8vLKO nou
6pioKSTaL OTIl 01088011 OAWV TWV yAWOOWV KQl npootpnQl Yla YOVlfl11
flnauTuOll
ElolKOTepa 11 Apxaia we; YAwooa npofl118su1
ano Tllv Avaysvv11011 oe YAWOOSC; flSYOA11C; Ta aTolxda
yLa va OXllflaTlaTOUV ols8vlOflOi, 01 onoiol OTO I.lsyaAlJTSpO nooooTo
TOUC; anOTsAouv SITlaTlll.l0VlKWV KQl TSXVlKWV n.x.
aVnBlOTlKO, UIIKOmE:pO, KuBE:pv'7TlKrj, T'7ltiypaepoc;. Eival OUTOVOIlTO
OTl OSV T11POUVTO\ SITaKpl6wc; 01 I.lOPOAOYlKOi KQl 011flaOloAoYlKOi KO-
VOVSC; T11C; KaTo T11 011l.ll0upyia TWV OI8vl0I.lWV,
sooov aUToi nM8ovTol ana OTOl.la nou OSV dVQl UOlKOi 0I.lIA11TSC; T11C;
'ETOI 011l.ll0UPYOUVTQl u6p[ola, onou ouvu-
nopxouv tva apxo[o AA11V1KO KQI tva AaTiVIKO OTOLXdo, nx. lele-vision,
1') KQl nou oe 8a tnAa8av 01 apxaiOl 'EAA11vec; yLa va KaTovoflo-
oouv T11v iOla AX. avaKoAu4J11 nX 11 Nta OaVdOTllKe Til
IilKpoBlO ano T11 microbe, nou Yla npwT11
opo TO 1878 ana TOV Pasteur fls T11 Ollfloo[a IilKpoopyavlOlioc;, svw
aT11V Apxa1a 8a opyavlOlioc; liE: OUVTOlilJ e;wrj.
330
EAA'l
vLXCr AyyALXo. fOAALXo. hOALXo. !OltCtVLXCr
YEWYQW:pta Geographie geography geographie geograjia geograjia
pae'1IWrt%Q. Malhemalik malhema/ies malhimutique malematica maternalicas
Piidagogik pedagogy pidagogie pedagogia pedagogia
1/JvxoAoyia Psychologie psychology psychologie psicologia (p)sicologia
OWAoyta Theologie theology thiologie teologia leologw
Braun - Sehaeder-Volmerr,1990.
H ulo8ETTjOll ana nl NEa TWV ol8vlOflWV nou anoTAou-
VTOl ana apxaia AAllvlKO OTOlxia EXl we; anOTEAWfla Tllv
OTIl OUxvOTIlTO flepCrvLOIle;, Ka8we; KOI Tllv navaopaOTIlPlonoillOll Opl-
OflEVWV OXllflaTlOTLKwV OTOLXlWV Tile; AX aVTl-, auTO-, 610-,
yaoTp-, l]AeKTp-, uOP-, uTTep-, rpWT-, -Aoyia. OL ol8vlOflOi flTaepEpovTOl
OTIl NEa fl OUOTllflaTlKa Tpono, oUflepwva fl Ka8opLoflEVil
aVTlOTOlxfa avofloa OTa OTolxia, AX anti- > aVTl-, xwpie; va T8d O
AlToupy[a lJTaeppaOTlKOe; IJllxaV10IJOe; 'ETm, IJEOW TWV ol8vlOIJWV
nou npwToflepaviOTIlKav on] KOl 11 NEa
naipvl Til p6ove; OTO epOlVOflvO TOU oavLoflou.
OL ol8vLOflOi nou npLEXoUV Eva TOUAOXLOTO OTOLXio
npoEAuOlle; 8ETOUV O flllXavlOlJo OaVlOIJOU, npoKLflEVOU
va ul08T1l80uv ana Til NEa nx tele-vision: Tl]M:-opaol].
av 0 ol8vLOIJOe; iVOl nOAUAKTLKOe;, nl6oAATal mlnAEOV
OLU88T1l0il OTIl OlPO TWV opwv avoAoya fl TOUe; OUVTaKTLKOUe; Kavo-
ve; Tile; Ko8 yAwooae;, nx nuclear energy, energie nucleaire, nukleare
Energie, nucleare energia, TTUPl]VIKi) evl':pylO.
npOOepOTWe; KOIlAWVTOl, OTO ITAaimo yAWOOWV, Aawv KOl
nOAlTlOIJWV, EVTOVO nlOTIlIJOVlKO VOla<pEpov Yla Til 1JATIl 0Xl llaVO
Tile; TufloAoyiae; TWV OL8vLOflWV, aMo KaL Tile; LOTop[ae; TWV
yLa va <pWTLOTOUV OKOTlVEe; aKoflll muxEe; Tile; LOTopiae; TWV nOAlTl-
Oflwv KaL TWV nlOTllflwv. H epuva TWV ol8vlOflWV flnopi: a. va OLU-
KOAUVl Til OloaOKaAia TWV yAWOOWV B. va TIlV nlKOL-
vwv[a aMoyAwoowv Kat IOlKOTpa TOU WlOTlllJOVlKOU KOOIJOU KOI
y. va OlaepWTfol Til yAwomKTi KOl lOTop[a TWV Aawv Tile; Eu-
pwnlle;. KpivTaL oKomflo va KaTapTLOTI tva 1WV
yAWOOWV 11le; 'EvwOIle;, anOU 01 OL8vlOflOi OPOlWVOVTOL
oAotva Kat npLooo1pO, we; an01tAwfla OTVWV t;wyAwomKwv OXe-
oWV aVOlJwa OTOUe; Aaoue;, Ka8we; Kal ylmi 11 we;
Kup[apXll yAwooa OTOV WlAeYl Ta AOyla OTOlxda Tile; ana
10 ano8fla 11le; Apxaiae; EAAllvlKTie; KQl nle; AaTLVlKTie;
ELOlKo1pa, OOOV aepopo 111 OloaOKaAia 1WV yAWOOWV, npenL
va yiVl OlOKPLOil aVOflwa OTOUe; oL8vLOflOue; nou OLanlPOUV 11lV iOLa
0llflao[a OTLe; OLOepOpe; yAwooe;, lVQlOPOl O LOLKO AC,LAOylQ,
nx aKpuA1KOC;, acrylic, acrylique, acri/ico, KTA., KQl OTOUe; ol8vlOIJOUe;
10U YVlKOU OPlOlJtVOl ana TOUe; ono[oue; we; 4Ju06<j>lAt:e;
flnopouv va napoumooouv ollflamoAoyLKee; anoKA[Ole;
10Ue;, np6A. TTepmaTlJTlKOC; (rf!IAOOOrpOC;), peripatetic, peripateticien
OTO 11le; eplAoooepiae;, aMo KOl peripateticienne
OTO YVlKO H1e; fa,
ECIE V. -CB::IE
I. tCO Maison, biensdomestiques
Graphie moderne de ceco-, grec olxo- (ex.
[oikodomos] architeete),deOLxoe; [oikos] maison, biens.
EMPR. Econorne(n.),xlV',greeolxovo14oe;[oikonomos].
2.tco- Habitat,milieu nature)"
Extension de 1. Eco-, PROD. Ec%gie, 1874 (O?eologie. alle-
mand 1866,Haeekel) tcomush,1976.
- REM. Dans eeotype (d'abord allemand,Turesson) eco- repre-
sente eco{ogique:de memedanseeopro/tine, 1971 (Marty).
ECTO A ['exterieur,externe
Du grec [ektos] au dehors.PROD. Ectocarpe, 1842
(eclocarpus, 1819, Lyngbye). EClOderme, ] 375 (anglais
1853,AUmann). Ectoparasite, 1883.
EcnQUEFormantdes adj.correspondanls aux noms en
-exie, parempruntau grec-fx111e; (ex. XClXEXTl1; [kakhekle,j,
dexClXft,la [kakhexia] eaehexie).V. -exie
-ECrOMfE Ablation ehirurgicale [de tout ou partie de
I'organdesigne par Ie formant initial]
Fonnant tire, d'apres -willie, du gree [ektome] am-
putation,de X1E,llV(J) [ektemn6] je retranehe en eoupant.
PROD. lridettomie, 1823.
ECTRO- Congenitalcmentabsent ounOD developpe
Du gree EX1Q(J)0'1J; [ektr6sis] avortemeot,de b,1L1QWOXW
[ektitr6sk6] j'avorte. PROD. Ectromele, 1832 (Is. Geoffroy
Saint-Hilaire).
EDRE(et -tDRIE, Aplans,afaces planes
[earaeterises Oll nombres par Ie [ormanlinitial]
Gree -ogov (ex. l1g6.00gov [tetracdronJ tetraedre,
EUclide), substantivation au neutre des adj. en -fogoe; (ex.
n;oAuEOQOe; [poluedros) aux nombreux sieges, de EOQa
[hedra] siege, place, base. EMPR. Thraedre, XV]", cf.
supra. ADAPT. Po/ycdre, 1690, gree n;o),uEOQOe;, cr. supra.
PROD.lleptacdre, 1772.
01c:lu\nvLKi:c;pii;ec;
0'l1. \y.i.0cO(l
To 6,6Aio TOU H. Coltez, Dictionnaire des structures du
vocabulaire savant, eivol tva TO aTO'-
xia TWV 6pwv a. 128,
KOI aTTolJ,tC; OAAC;, oAa TO va TTpotPXOVTOI
OTTO
ANNA ANAITAIIMH - IYMEONILlH
331

---.....

1. 60>'6v. 2. MncuTov TaU K>'6!;ov.
3. MnouT6v 4. KOVTtp. 5. 6. TaU
7.
HoQoAoy[u to\) nEgU,a!J.Pavn ltolJ,o. a!J.wa
Mvna uno 11'1 foAl,tXli, ytUll toBavnu EQZOVWt a.m'> to
,LLUSl !J.E tovEo aVlLXE41EVO:
Iaoi, xaQooQ/, flOgr /lorie, ;<OJro,
oovoJra(]ov, a,llOerwEQ, oapnetJ..a, /lllaTClQ{a, 01;
hQarEQ, eE:Ee{3a, o,J.avoti, xClQ,lImQarEe,
,uovaYE, llwrov4 xai.oI}LcpiQ, ,u:ru!;.a, 1,--rOV!;/, xav-
rea'll, ouva/lo, mvnH, yxcil;l, a/L.-rQay,at" vrr.";TQayuit,,
h{3'E" wwr.).o, {3oAciv, 'f'Qivo, xOVTig. Aillf
on to (l\)"tQ'l.lVTP:O ElVClL ow QEAavr Xat ongovTaeoU,lLo
EVa "EO C1uwxlvllW.
IKOp: 16/20 XIU-aIl'1 G.TO
l<UA 'TEQO I1nUTOQW TTlr; AOTjvur;,
ayrlplKo OTU),; 'OTaV 11 <j10VtQ-
(Jiu XWllir; XUVEVU CfQayJ.1cl. AAO
ElltlbaY'I'TlArjr; Pan:nxrjr; (EXl1A.11X'[l-
%6 XUTUI1<aitl J.1E POTUVQ. YA\Jl<UVUJO,
EAllfr;), J.1tXQL rtQVX, QltQ611J..E-
l1Ur; crltEl1lUllTliXOT()ltOUA.OU J.1E 1UJt 'QU-
TTl J.1VTU. KOQUlfllio Qacr'IVtlQlOI-lQ y u-
UEWV. J.1E aIHpla'[ll< aUVOiClElr; Tunou
Tal!Tar; 9aA.IlClI1LVtOV ITE aVUEQO
'l'clQltOV, lllEUl)llJ.1QTLxoi U\JV/)UU(JIlUI
UA.LX(UV (It.-X. lflllTlUVO; IlE
1<l)UIl-XOUUT lWL SIVO Auxavo.
ncp. Eu 1997).
H
AANEIA THI NEOEMHNIKHI
o60V10I-lae;, '10 onaTO 1-100 OVOVWOlle; TWV yAWOOWV, ivOIllOnQ-
nooMll1O YIO Tll
V
EnIBiWOT] Tlle;
KOL TO YAWOOlKa 0111-100L OTVWV WOq>WV KQL OXOWV TWV
1-1 OAAOUe; AOOUe;. H anWe; OAAW-
OT KOl aAe; 01 wpwnOlKe; yAwooe;, OXTll K 1-1 EI-II-IOT]
Tllv wiopOOll ouo KUpiwe; yAwoawv 1-1 OKTlVO-
BOAlo KOI Tlle; ona TOV 190 ot. KQL Tlle;
Kuplwe; I-IEOO OTOV 200, OTO OUTPO I-Il0a TOU ono[-
ou wLKpml oV0I-lq>iBoAO Tl wiopoOT] Tlle;
To npO'iaVTO OTO YAWaOlKa w[noo TWV Woq>WV OUTWV 0'10-
00'110 KQL m:pvouv OTll I-IEOW TWV
olyAwoowv OI-lLAllTWV. To 60'110 I-Inopouv '10 O
noMEe; KOTllyople;, AXOTO 01-100, OUTO nou11
TOUe; npOOIO1 TllV TOUe;, nxKO/.mIOUTp 010 I-ITO-
ll'POOTIKO, Mov 11 'lEO npoKum1 onaI-ITOq>pOOT] Tlle;
Vlle; nx < skyscraper OTO OT]1-I00l0-
AOyLKO, Mov I-ILO '10 OTlI-IOOIO we; onOTEAOI-I0
60vLGl-loU, nxKaAumw (0111-100l0YPOq>IKO EVO yyovae;) < to cover
OTOUe; 0Is6vI01-I0Ue;' OTO OVTlOOVIO, nou Tl OSMTlVl-
TIe; oovIOTllKSonaI-ILO yAWOOO, 11 onoloTle; dxsoovslOTIonoTTlV
Apxala nxKavantc; <yOAALKO canape < AaTlVIKO conopeum
< Kwvwniov.
H oovslaTllK ono Tll KUpIWe; TO
eni8111-10 -t, nxnavroq>M: (nanouTOl), KQL TO Tlle; nop06sOT]e;
ouo OUOlOOTIKWV nx Ana TTlV
oovlOTIlKS KUpIWe; 01 npLooOTpe; OOVIe; dVQL
OUOLOOTIKO, vw Alyo lVQL TO wi8noKOI TO KOI aKOl-lll AIYO-
Tspa10OKAITO, n.X I.mal pnal'< bye-byeI
H OXTllK TllV W10POOTl Tlle; KUp(We; OTO
yuvQlKdoe; 1-10 60e; , KOI OIOKOOl-lllOTlC; KaTOlKIOe;,
6WI-IOTWV, YP0I-II-IClTWV KOI TXVWV, TXvoAoyioe; KQI
OaAlll-1OTWV H snllPoo Tll OTO
l-InOpiKO KQI OTO OaAllI-10TWV, 1-I0yl-
TXvoAoyloe;, oloOKEOOOlle;, 1-I0i50e; (KUp[We; unisex).
YnoPX1 oV0I-lq>iBoAO I-ILO OXOTl 0'101-100 OTll OTpoTUm-
IKOVO nou EXOUV 01 NSOAATlVe; Ylo TOUe; roMoue; (Iolwe; Tle; 10A-
Aloe;: K0I-lt/JOTTlTO, SpWTl0I-I0e;, 811AUKOTTlTO, KOAALTxvLKOTllTa) KQL
TOUe; AyyAoue;/AI-IpIKavOUe; (npOKTlKO nvul-lo, t/JuXPOTllTa, aoBapo-
TTlTa, KOI OTIe; nou OKOI-ITl KOl OTTl I-I0P-
TWV aUTwv.
Ta oovLa 1-1 Tllv 10006 TOUe; OTll uq>IOTavTQL
Konolou dooue; aq>0I-lOIWVOVTQI oroVOSAAllvlKO
auOTIl1-10, npoYl-lo nou ov 01-100 1-1 TTlV
TOUe;, n.X. 0 TunOe; KOprTIOUrcp EXI uL08Tlla1 ono Tll
oMo6'1 XI npOOapl-I0OT[ I-lOpq>OAOyIKO. q>WVOAO-
ylKO, OL 1-I0VOyAWOOOl 0I-lLATlTe; IVQL Kouq>ol" O
nx aapnptAa < chambre aair AKOl-lll yLO Myoue;
yAwooIKOUe;, t/JUXOAOYlKOUe;, a.MQ KQI KOlVWVIOAOYIKOUe;, IVQI ouvmo
332
va npooapllOOTOUV 1l0pe!JOAOYlKO, va KA1SOUV, av as
KAITa Iltpoe; TOU Aayou, n.x. TO naltro - fanaMa, YKPI aMo KOl
KaSWe; Kal va napouv Iltpoe; OTO OXTlllaTiOIlO napaywywv Kat ouvSt-
TWV, nx. -; KQllnlV{;e; -; 1t0urpOKallnlV{;e;, E:Mr --; E:ltlri-
OTlKOe;, Ilnap --; IlnapQKI.
Kma Kavova TO IlTl npooaplloollsva 06vsla anoTsAouVTOl ana
8va IlOVO llope!JTllla, aVSE;OpTTlTa ana TOV aplSllo TWV llope!JTlllaTwv
mTlv E;8VTl YAwooa, nx rpaKTzp < yaMIKo tract-eur. H aOla<t>ovsla
TWV oavsiwv Ilnopsi va TOV IlOVOYAWOOO as
napoulloAoyia, as GUOXOlOIlOUe; aoxsroue; IlS TO TUllO
TOUe;, npOKsllltvou va OISUKOAUVSsi Tl TOUe;, nx Bae;
rupi < yaAAlKa Vache qui rit
ooavsIOIlOe;, nou 018nsTOI ana ouo aVTipponse; OUVOIlSle;, TOV
YAWGOlKO SSVIKlOllO KOl TIl yAwooa SiVOl <t>UOIOAOYIKO
<t>alvopc:v() TWV YAulOOluV Kal osv npsnsl va sKAall6avT0l we; oE;sia
ao8tvsla nou nptnSI va ansuooullS va TTl SspansuooullS. AKOIlTl, Tl
osv u<t>iOTaTOI sniSsoTl" ana TTl KOl TTlV
aMa KaTa<t>suysl G' aUTSe; ana SE;WYAWGOlKOUC;
Aoyoue; Kat 0XI AOYW TT]e; avsnopKC:lae;. Omooo, TO ollsoa
06vsla Tr1e; av Kal KaAumouv OIwaVTlKO IlIKPO nooooTo
TOU OUVOAIKOU AsE;IAOyiou TTlC; KOi 1l0Aovon osv sne<t>spav OOlllKec;
aAAayec; OTTl smoupouv TTlV TWV Aoyiwv, ylm!
osv siVOl Kalloue!JAaplolleva. Avalle!Ji6oAa, aIlWC; , Tl KaAAlepysla TTlC;
KaSwc; Kat ilia npOATl4JTlC; slvOl ouvaTO va
nsplopioouv TO OaVSlGIlO OTIC; GWOTee; TOU OlaOTOOStC;.
lIavla 0"6 Kal a-ro
Via TWV Kat TWV
KaWWQVTiva, y"a,UJrClQVTtVa, xanClQrtva, xCl,unClQrtvCl.
To aHAo . w aHAo, aHM.,CtA),a XCtL 0 aH),o, - 01 aHAoi.
LUS owxWavoEIS ,wv OCtVElWV CtvuxCtlOJ{-
11 CtvOflOlOYE\'ElCt ,wv XCtL Ol
rrmxi),olitaQayov'ES nou us itQoxaAo'Uv cpavEQwvoUV 'l1V
rro),u:n:Aoxouj,a OW01'Xao,aslOU OCtvEwflOV.
A. AVaOl:aOlaOllLUI.lEWV[ol1.
NwloylXO, oavEw,aoS, a 28.
OlCtrroXQwoELS lWV XQwfla,wv 0'll
'XUQlwS fiE MVEl(/. arro HI a"al;ov, (3EQiwav,
(3wli, Y%QEva, Y%QI, [Xal, l(3ovaQ, xa,ur;),O. xarp (0),),
"QE,a, lv.a, fl0(3, ,a;rEI;, (aaQv), /lnoQvro, jJ.n[J'" ,
JrEQO><E, JrETQO)" Qol;(i), [Jova, aaVTQ, ale)., aLxla,uv,
aO/10V, aovQi, WflJra, !lQxoval;, rpv,u, rpQEI;.
fiE yw. XQWfWUX11 yxa,ua, ylCt aaoer!, jJ.cJ.avl;,
vrcyx[JaVT, na)" naaTil, JrEQU.
LlEV Elvm em)"1 '1 o.VE'UQE011 ,ou[""'.lO'\!,EL'E 'ILCHL
au,o rr.X. aovrdv < ya.iJ'l'Xa saurien-
gorge, EiTE yLm, qnavfL a'll fllClS
yA(DOOm;, n:X xa7tlll'T <'!CtUly.ahappy end <
happy ending, EL'E 'fAasYlCl1L liE XQ'10lj.w:n:OLE[,m :ila OTYI
YA()JOoa a:n:o lTJV orrow rrQOEQXEWL, Jt.X f{CQ,llovae' -(o),-
),lxafenn.oir, EVW ani fa),ADo1 XQ'lOlf"orrO"Et,m oiwl'OO TO
!ermetl.lre (eclair).
LlA FfA ADO TI-1 rAlv\JKH
KAI1H AlfAOAMEPIKA, IKH
ITO AEJAOflOTHL:
1U;{Vl% < yaA),rxapique-niqlle < oyy)xxupiCilic
I;di < yoUly,agelee
CafU!ov < yoA;"xajamhon.
%Qovaoav < 'IU).AlXo. croissant
roar<ayyALy.u toasl
rams< 0.r"'(JlXCtVlXa. chips
ANNA ANAHAIIMH - L:YMEONI6H
333
o r i A J ; > d l l ' 0 i \ 3 r i j 3 > 1 0 l l n 0 1 n O l U o f ) < P L u g l l O 1 3 X ; > J ; > > l l l , O l d L u > l O d O X 0 1 0 1 9 1
' O r i O l i \ f ) O 1 0 > 1 " g l D \ f J i \ A " ' ' ' O r l ; > 8 ' ' O i \ O d X g l n D l I O i \ ] 3 O ] 3 X l O l D 0 i \ 3 r i g O O D l
- o d u 0 1 J ; > i \ X n O ' ] 3 8 \ f J , ( U Q O i \ D l A ) 1 3 3 ; > ' ( ) 3 d 3 1 g A l ' ( 1 0 1 3 1 J ; > \ 3 d X " g l O \ f J i \ A "
0 1 J ; > > l l i \ 3 A l 1 g n O i \ ; > r i o Q 3 \ 7 ) U O u d g < p o d u ' ( l l 0 p X 1 0 l D " O ? i \ " 1 0 > 1 " g l O
- \ f J i \ A " 3 D ) U o o l g d U ) L u U O \ f J i \ J ; > A d o i \ U l 3 r l 1 3 1 U ) u r l n o " O l ' ( g X o " - " o r l ? 8 "
U ] D l J ; > l Q U ) ; > d o < p ) 3 d 3 1 g 0 0 l d 3 l l ) I I O ] D l n 3 ' ( 3 1 I 0 1 3 X d ? " O l ' ( 9 X o " 0 1
< ; J i \ 3 ' ) U o D l g d u ) U l " O r l ? 8 " 0 1 ] 3 , ( 3 1 0 U O n o u 0 / \ ] 3 > 1 3 0 ] 3 X 1 0 l D 0 1 1 3 X ? 1 O > I
i \ U l U o ? 8 u l < ; J d u i \ U l ' ) U o ] U 3 0 1 3 8 i \ f ) 0 ) < ; J > I 1 J . D r l r l o d A 1 O i \ ] 3
) 1 3 ] ; > ' ( ) ; > ' ( ' ( O U g u o 1 0 1 i \ O l D ) i \ n O n o u ' O ] 3 X l O l D " O d 3 1 f ) d o g "
1 0 1 i \ f ) 0 1 3 8 0 U O l ) 0 ' ( ; > 1 O l D < ; J i \ 3 ' ) 1 3 ] ; > ' ( ) 3 A ) ' ( g u o 1 0 1 i \ f ) 0 ' ( 3 1
- O U O n o u l o d g i \ n O i \ J ; > g r l O ' ( O l O > I i \ U l O i \ i \ n O i \ ] 3 1 U D ? 8 u l < ; J d u i \ L u ' O r l A I 3 Q
- l , l d o u O 1 J ' ) 0 ' ( ; > 1 0 1 1 0 > 1 U O ; > 8 u l < ; J d u I \ U l ' ) U o 0 1 9 d u ) U l ) 1 3 0 ? 8
) ? > l l l I \ O r l U o O I U O f ) Q ) l l D n o d g ) g 1 \ 3 U O U 1 ? 8 0 U O l I \ U l I \ n o l \ f ) d d 0 8 1 \ 3
n O l i ) 3 1 1 \ 0 A l , l d o u A n O X d l , l l l A ' O ) D 3 d l O 8 n o 1 0 > 1 1 3 1 \ ] o r l U o
1 \ 3 Q 1 \ ( 1 ' ) ] 3 X l O l D 1 \ < ; J > l O l O D l O d u 1 \ ( 1 ' ) 1 U O U 1 ? 8 0 U O l I \ U I O 0 ] d 3 8 n 3 ' ( 3 H
' ) O j l \ \ f J i \ 1 0 > l l l l 3 ) U l ) 3 > 1 A l , l 1 \ 0 ) 1 1 0 O d 3 1 f ) ' ( O > l 1 0 1 i \ 0 i \ ! d > l O U O l I \ 0 l 1 g 1 0 1 \ ] 3
I \ f ) O l D d > l l U 3 ) ? r l O Q ) 3 1 O l l J ; > > I O 1 O U J ; > > I O ! O l l O 1 \ 0 1 D l A ) o A g ' ( 0
U 1 0 1 \ ] 3 ) ( 1 ' ) u g ' l \ ( 1 ' ) d g l , l d 1 3 0 3 r l ) 3 0 0 < ; J ' ( A ) ? ' ( ' ( O U 3 0
u l \ g r i U J ; > > l l l D D l O n O 1 0 1 \ ] 3 D l Q ) H O Y 3 A A v , 1 \ 0 1 1 3 ) l ) r l n D B D i I J I V , H
X u ' ( I ; I - d - A ) 0 1 \ 3 r l ] 3 > 1 1 1 1 \ 0 - - 0 1 \ 3 n J 3 > 1 0 U n : 1 0 1 \ ] 3 J ; > d 1 3 D U d 3 l D ? 1 0 d > l
- l U 3 U ' ) 0 8 J ; > l l ) j d ( 1 ' ) X 1 0 > 1 O j r l 3 d u 3 r l I 0 1 3 1 l , l d < p > l 3 ) o A g ' ( a 1 \ 0 0 g ' ) 1 3 0 l , l 1 0 d u
) ; > > l l l 0 9 0 1 3 r l ) ? > l 1 1 u A d 3 1 \ 3 ) 3 1 d f ) > I ) 1 1 0 ' 1 0 1 3 , ' o o o < ; J ' ( A U l D o d 3 1 9 I \ X n o
J ; > l l \ O l l O n o u ' l , l > l 1 1 0 1 1 0 l D 1 3 f ) X o l d 3 u n n o u J ; > d 1 3 0 D } r I 1 3 X d l , l u n
U o o l g d u ) n o Q ] 3 3 8 l , l > l 3 0 ' 1 \ 0 ; > ' ( l l 1 U 3 ' 1 0 1 1 \ 0 l l ; > ' ( 9 0 d l l 1 0 > 1 1 0 1 1 \ 0 l l ? d l l l l 3
l , l > l l 1 u d ( 1 ' ) 3 8 n o u ) ? l n O g u o ) ? r l o Q ) 3 d 3 1 g A 1 ' ( f ) ' ( o u 1 0 1 1 \ f ) 0 1 0 u O r l l O U d X
u 3 J ; > d l l I \ U l D f ) 0 < P 0 ' U l n ' ( g u o 1 0 1 \ ] 3 1 \ 3 Q 0 ! d 3 8 n 3 ' ( 3 U ' o o g l D O
' O , { \ ( J ; > O l O U l , l > l 3 0
U O O ] l D 3 U n 0 ] 3 X 1 0 1 0 n 0 1 0 U l , l > l U U ' U ] U ' ( U > I ?
U 1 0 1 \ ) 3 ) ( 1 ' ) u g ' ) O J I \ ( 1 ' ) 1 \ 1 O > l l U 3 ) U l ) 3 > 1 A l , l 1 \ 0 ) 1 1 g l l O 1 0 1 1 \ 0 f ) 3 d
- o A o u n n o u 1 \ ( 1 ' ) 3 0 < ; J U n l I \ 3 l \ ( 1 ' ) d 3 1 J O I Q 1 1 \ ( 1 ' ) 1 ) o ] A d n 0 1 r i U Q ) 3 l U l g l o l \ n Q
) ? > l 1 1 l \ o r l u O 1 3 d ; > < p o o d u 1 \ \ f J ! 3 X l O l D 1 \ < ; J > l D 1 0 0 1 0 d u 1 \ ( 1 ) 1 O j D U I \ l > l n 3 U ' ( l , l A 3 r l
U ' 0 1 3 8 ] 1 I \ V ' O ' ( 9 d g > l l 1 o r l r l o d A 0 1 \ ; > 1 \ 0 > 1 J ; > > l 1 1 0 0 1 O n O 1 3 1 j O U 1 \ 3 Q
- 1 I \ U ' ( ' ( 3 0 3 N ) U l l \ ( 1 ' ) d g 1 \ ( 1 ' ) 1 J ; > d 1 3 D U ' ) ( 1 ' ) I \ ; > r l o u 3 ' l , l > l l 1 o r i r l o d A ) ; > l > l 3 Q O U O
n O O ] ] 3 1 0 1 \ ) 3 U / I ? Y 3 / l U I 0 : J D U l 1 r ; > A V 1 0 > 1 0 3 0 1 1 l l r ; > A D
U i \ ? Y 3 i \ U l ' U i \ ? Y 3 i \ U l 3 0 U l 1 l ) A D O ) ( 1 ' ) u g ) 1 3 D l , l l O d u ' 1 0 1 3 ,
I \ U l D ' X u ) l , l d 1 3 0 3 r l ) 3 0 0 < ; J ' ( A ) 3 ' ( ' ( J ? 3 D 1 3 1 \ ] D g n n o
) \ f J u g ' ) 1 3 0 ? 8 ) ? > l 1 1 > 1 0 1 l \ n O ) 3 l D O ] 9 0 d o u o 1 0 > 1 ) 3 1 \ ? r l l d > l 3 > 1 A n o 3 D 0 1 \ ? n 3 Q
l , l d 3 8 D l D 1 0 1 \ ] 3 1 \ 3 Q O j 3 X I O l D l , l > l D l O O I O d u 0 1 , U D D l g d u I \ U l D 1 3 X
- ? 1 O > I n o u U o ? 8 U l g l l O I X g 1 0 > 1 ) U l 9 > 1 1 l D l d u l > l o d o X 9 > 1 1 A o ' ( 0 < p d o n D l g u o
1 0 1 3 1 \ < ; J , ( U Q ) U ] ? ' ( 3 8 9 > 1 0 ] A d n o l 1 3 ' ( 1 0 > 1 H
' ) D l 3 9 j d > l o 1 0 > 1 ) o j 3 1 ' ( 3 n 3 ) U ' ( J ; > A 3 r l ) U l 0 1 3 ' ( ? l n ' ( o l l
I \ U l 1 0 > 1 o r l J ; > l \ n o ) \ f j r i g 1 3 d ? < p 0 0 d u ) U l ' 0 1 u l g > l o ' ( u n ' ( o u 1 \ 3 r l 1 3 Q J Q o o d u
) L u n o u 0 1 3 X 1 0 l D ) o ] o X d l ; l ) U l ) O ] U n l n ' ( o u ) U l O 1 3 X ? l \ n O
1 3 ' ( 3 1 O l l 0 o J o u o u ) ) o o o < ; J ' ( A ) U l o j A o ' ( o < p d o n D l O f ) O ' ( l l I \ U l
g u o 1 0 1 3 ' 2 J ' ( O c j J D 0 1 Q l , u n o 0 ] d 3 8 n 3 ' ( 3 H ' ( ) 1 3 0 9 d < p ) ? > l 1 1 o r l O I \ O ) l l D X u )
0 ' ( 0 1 \ f ) 0 J ; > > l 1 1 > 1 3 ' ( ) n O d ? n l l l 3 O l D 1 \ ( 1 ' ) 3 3 ? ' ( 1 \ ( 1 ' ) 1 1 0 > 1 ' ( n O I \ ? n I 3 > 1 1 1 1 \ 0
1 0 > 1 ' n O I \ ? n 1 3 > 1 0 U n X u ) ) u o 0 1 g d u ) U l l \ ( 1 ' ) d g 1 \ ( 1 ) 1 9 d 1 3 0 U l D o j d
- 3 8 n 3 ' ( 3 U ' ( l , l A 3 r l 1 3 U ? d l I U 3 ' o J o X d l ; l U 1 0 > 1 ) ( 1 ' ) u g ' o o o < ; J ' ( A H
V I X d v e l 3 U 1 0 V l d 3 e . u V i
\ l l l U V J H
t '
' ( \ 7 ) t J l l D
0 , l . 3 r i ] 3 Y . O l l C l u ) 5 T { 3 y . 0 0 0 y . m j 0 1 l O X ( )
" l u x > ] o x ' U ' 0 1 i l . l o i h n 1 0 1 l l " ] 3 S ( 1 ) 1 I 9 ' S n o 0 9
> ; J Y . 1 , 1 . 3 1 . 5 ; 3 , m , X 3 3 D l l O D ] . 1 0 3 m 1 3 " ] 1 . , , ( 1 ) 3 m ; l l O O l t M T l l S O ' I ? l
' ) o l i m o 0 1 q o O O l i > ; J y . m o o d J o o
- U ' ( J I m u o 0 0 > ; J 1 0 U J I ( z ) l l 1 D 0 1 " 3 D l S a O l
' 9 0 1 , \ U 1 3 1 i 1 J ) l " O Y ' ( 1 ? g O O l i ( O ' D Y . ( 1 ) S 1 3 0 > ; J 1 0 0 l i 5 1 1 0 ' X ' U
' S u O D l 9 0 1 I S l u U 0 3 0 m y . " l l l O 0 ) 3 X ) O l . O
' ] " 0 1 D , \ l D Y . 1 l l 1 M ' ( , \ , ? g O O l i D " S D l U 1 9 1 l l M q
l l o l l y l i " l I , l D 1 l l 1 l 3 Y ' / " ? \ l O l C 1 U C l O " ? r i ' l 3 Y . a 0 1 m l u 9 0 3 , j D H
6 s n S ' U : : 1 : 1 1 d O > d H V l l
' h t O : S - 9 ' " h i O : S - 9 ' ! ' Z , ' T ! ' l I 0 1 l l : i
O : S - 1 i ' l l 0 1 D I P V
: 1 U 1 l 3 D ; J l D l l O D l C , , ( 1 ) 1 5 3 0 } r 1 1 t 5 1 1 ; J 1 D ) I
' T ! ' T ! Z , ' T ! ' l I 0 1 U : i
" T ! ' T ! 9 - ' T ! ' l l 0 1 U U - 3 V : 5 0 ) A . 3 I 1 . 0 1 1 3 ' ( 5 3 0 ( 5 ,
m l ( ( 5 3 0 n 0 1 1 t O t m l O X 5 0 ) d > o o l . i , , ' ( g l \ !
' \ t X 1 D I 1 . O T ! 5 n r t l , u , l l O O U O : U u . 9 l O M g I t 1 D 1 3 0 } d ) D 0 0 1 !
( 1 ) , , 3 I u t \ l O l n ' ( d ' d l L I . } T ! ( 1 ) " D } . . o O 0 1 W 9 -
' 5 3 < I X } 1 1 ' ( ' ( D X ' D I . D } ' S 3 l j l S M D n " l 5 l w l t o 9 < b o O I t ' ( 1 I
U i l i 1 9 1 D " " ' l l J . u n i l 9 , 0 3 1 C l l a T ! 1 I I 0 1 l - 0 J J l K ' l - < \ i J 9 " ' > n t " ' -
' 5 1 3 D ; x x " h < U \ I K I 1 I l X h \ U t l \ 1 ' 3 -
5 \ l A e 3 1 g 0 -
' D J d m l l / . O > U I 1 q 5 \ l A e 3 1 g V I t l l X I t ' ( 1 ! X 3 -
: l X > l A O X O ) o g D S < l O l l w 3 9 ' 9 ' g l u : i ( j 7 )
' o O n l ! l D O A ! - t e V A I U D 5 t u
; J l g a O : O I t Y U i l l X 1 1 . 0 1 I 9 0 0 9 1 X O l D 5 3 ; ' , ! - t e M D
S p " n g ' ( ) X D ) g " D A } ' i J 3 A D X
1 3 D 9 0 0 i c o D " o : U u . 9 1 D " " ' I l u U S ' 5 l u c 9 1 o a 3
5 \ t x ' D O ' ( x 5 3 X \ 1 e ( ) X D ' g 5 3 A ; m ( 1 ) 0 3 T ! 1 t A 3
u o 3 1 9 1 1 0 U 5 1 1 9 J ! D 1 l 1 T ! ' , . M 1 < O J V n o 1 h X . o J V " H ( )
' O O } T ! l t " l u
1 t ' ( 9 ' n x ; J " , o 3 T I l . t t l n x \ U X ' O A I l ' U " ) 3 0 9 u ( \ O l W ) V
M l ! a o j J V " I t ' a O ' ( n o u 9 0 1 l t I l l 1 J . C l 1 \ r T ! l t v O O C I O { l J V
A I . u 9 l l D 1 l A U " ; n r o n o 1 0 1 3 " 9 h 0 1 : i ( Z : )
' o i J n l . } Y ' l O l D ) 3 i . i l 1 1 . 0 1 1 3 ' ( O ) 3 ' ( 1 ) l I 0 1 ' ( g ' g
9 X 1 D i 1 . O r I - A ( 1 ) W ) g D l I U l D 9 l D X O l I l l 1 9 i l : l c D " , L ( I )
n D I I l l O W O d V J t r W
A O ) I : f f i 7 A D I H
nou TO OTl anaVTCl onlY npwHl 8toll ma nplooo-
Tpa 111 nponlowv. OOTOOO, oMoe; opoe; (n,x. aVTl-
KlllVO, nlPPllllaTlKOC; npooolOpIOIlOe;) Ilnopc;[ va npOTax8l
Yla Aoyoue; 1l<jlaOllC;
H uKal.lljJ[a nle; yAwooae; OIUKOAUVEI Tll v
K<jlpaOll Tile; <jlopTlOlle; KQI vTxva
0111 AoyoTEXv[a, 0111l10upywvTae; IlIKPOUC; KQI llyOAOUC; AKTlKOUC;
811oauPOUC;. fa.,
MA Of -. AllMA __:-,_
CO 1101
MtnOtOIJiollV4rx0flaUrEurOvXOOflO
libqJaivo:at va ai;reo}.uoxori!;Et
roavaOim,oire}.avoli,E,airiE,.
il.JJ.ou,/la,rpt.pVEt Eva rpLJ.i
oroxpuoflirwreo n;, flEfllilOV,
/la, (/ i'!.!wra,XIlU/lflE:vOU,
orapa/J77 rtLivilt1'liUvwV rou va OP7/0Et,
aV.wvflla/lv7/fl77 CVOl XO/lluri],
Xt oJ,ou,fla!;i(}a!!!!EI,rew,fla,YEWa
(/ r!!OflO,rou(}avarov.
K. Llljflou),a, 'AOGlo to aYWl:oonno,
Xaipl:!rort, (hlyn 1988, o. 53.
mlxm mnol ElVaL E!;aiQHo OElYl-la OXL !IOVO tile; L'V1:E-'
XV1Je; xm EVaIOS'lllje; aSLOnOLlj0'le; 1'le; EVEAL!;lae; lWV oQWv,
aXA.a xm l'lS lOV OVUXc'lIEVOV (aAAou"
"fQlXOV" a},},wv, IUOU,/lal;i) WU10XQOVlj xAm
xwv aV1Wv1J>LLWV (uti,).

.. Nuxra
mov Mavo
opyavwvL,
OTO [111.0(010 TWV
KOllAwcrwv nou
Yla
nl-lffill cruvXJl
xpOVla. TO I3ll3AlonwAlo
OOOC; nOVOC;" OTIC;
8.30I1Il. mo 131l3AlonwAl0
OTllV 000 L'.IOOTOU 39.
Lll1v avaxoLvwol1 (ECPll fl Ehu8EQOTUJda.. 24.l0.1994)
11 nQolLfLllOTJ va 10Jw8E10UV1aL w.rroAuouv-
SHa 010LXELa nQoe; 10 lEJ,oe; 1'le; ngaW0'le;.
'EXE' reoll rpvr!!WVE 1f!2WXOUvl Xt uY!!La,lima
XL [pya!;e yr] ro ,Tllonor77, XUXAafllVO
rw!!a'f,w[Juiw;;ra!;apt:Uouv UlrOtflivra
xuiraJrouJ.tlZ rei'f'TOvv vxpa ur7jv In;)/xaflll'o.
'ExE'orovfIfJiyaveraXitJwTaU, oifJUfIW;
tiJJ.aptxarepivflnoiivurorU,Or1jplo
rwparerraVfr' a:rowiyapaoiroV(!lurf,
xairo%ULVOU{i)'tOnavva lioiiv/uuJ.wr7/pw,
. ./0 Elpui.i'T1JS t11S ngfJE'p:IV1}9',
q,vfIaaEflaxt({Juoa /If I/l7/ Xafl1/).(DVn,iOafJf,
1\011\'u 1992,0.161.
LlOVe;(J1LXOUe; aVlOUe; 0 nOLll111e; OESL01ExvLxa 1TJv
EAru0EQLa Ille; OELQue; l(J)V oQ(J)v, TlS i.sn; nov
8EkL fl(Ja ano t"L 1l,11IfOQE1IXES iSO!J.Ee; (PY, PYA, YP/\. YP.
PAYxClLPA).
o (1911-1992) Kat Q TO naptJ),oyao an-
TaU Kat Mavou H
TOU E'iW<j>UAAou iva, rou Kup'ToimouAou.
XPYLOYM MLKAPAI0Y
335
, -.--' - - - - -
H r,\OrrA LHMEPA
H EJu\HNIKH rMIIA KAI 01 HAEKTPONIKOI VnOAOrlITEI
Itva a1VOIonLl,ayiTIKo 0 KOI MOKaAO<; TOV
tn' an6 <jlavaTIKO Via
OTOV Kal
HAOyof.la8,w. ,LVaL Eva EXJtCllOEUUXO U),OJtOL-
YJI-!E\'O urro to,,!VQ1;L10UtO t01J 1\oyou,OtO
rrAClimo tOU STRIDE. Arrou)ci:L o IQci
tYJS YJA XtQOVLXO urrOAO'yLOtli XCll
(lLO),oYLxa 1tO),UflEoa (interactivemultimedia) OE CD-ROM
XaL EXEL OXEOLClOt L yLa VCl XQYJ04J,OrrOILtaL <J'lJ1-!1t)'YJQWflClU-
'Xci O1YJv toXVQLO flo8YJflO t1IS /),wooas Ka),uJttEl
to OUVWY,TLY,O, TIl [LOQ<jJOAoyla, tYJv og80YQaqJLa, %aL tYJv
W;wv tYJS AllEU8uvEtaLOE fla8YJ1ES
tWV UAl!wiwv Tr'SECllv tOU XCtl tWv llQoJtwv
tOU fUl-!vaOL01J. HtEXVo),oYLa to)V nou XQYJOL-
flonoLEitmErrL1Qt'1!H toyo1JvliuaOflo ELXOVClS 'XCtl XEL-
flEVOU, Jtavta OE O;(EOYJ flE toy Lxorros
ELVaL YJ 1tQOOEAxVOYJ tOU O1YJ OLOO'XtEU VAYJ [lEOW
OrrtL%O-UXOUOtLXOU EQE8i0!-'atOS XCll
novtOu nQOO<pEQEL IlLU YVWol1nEQav
TOU OLOaXTLXOU uALXOU.
HJ,oyof.la8wJ. E"[ltQErrnt1']v USLOAO'I1'J0l1 tYlS 1tQOOOOU t01J
!lCt8YJt1i 1JnOOELXVuovtUs),a()Yl, IiLOQ8wvovwS XCll no.QcmE-
,LlllOVWS tOY CJtL OXEtL%E EVOtlltES, 'ItO EiwvciAll-
1\'11, E(flOOOV xQL8 L OtL 'YJ t01J Q1;Ylv EltLAU01'] tWV
UO'XllOEWV EiVaL To nUQc'OELy[LU tYlS EL'XOVUS ElVal
all001WO[LU UllO t1'] EVOt1']tCl tOu ouvw'XTLXOV
XctloivHto\,OQLO!-,O tYJ llQOW01']SEi;orr),UJ[lEVOi-!E
0 !-,noQEL VCl EJlLAESEL TIS
i.F';ns (unoxEifiEVO,KUtl'JyOQYlflCl), tYJv EVOELS'1 lJEglEX0I-!E-
va tCl nou qL<jJavit,ovtCll Otl'Jv 080V11, OnatE 8u
qlq;avLCJtElYl 0801'11 anatl'JV EVOtljW1I01J XaAUJltEL
toouyy,EXQlflEVO8E[l(!.
To tivaltval'JAeXTpOVIKO
epvaAdooe CD-ROMVia vAwooa<;.
600tl TEXVOAOVio<; TWV
,'u{ru:lIOV dVG1 'flO va 0XrTlfmlqotJl.!C lJUl
Ilp61[[Ot) OfIOftJwVvl(\llf., tfl(IIpP Iouru:
01 KiJPIOI 6pOl TTlc; ttvm

Urav KUt 10"t'llol<dpa:vo Kilt 10 KUlflyCiflllllo eNOlmt-\lI
1ffffJ cnoUU11l(:VO). 16(1, n np6wlIn ,Xtyt:1ll1
336
01 IlAEKTPOVIKOi unOAOYIOT<; OlaKpivoVTal Yla H1V TEpOUTla ouvaro-
TIlTa nArlP0cj)0P1WV KOl Tllv TaxuHITa CJTIlV
TOU<; rl' auTOu<; TOU<; AOYOU<; 6pioKOUV nOAA<; Ecj)aplloy<; OE O,Tl
acj)opoHI yAwooa. 'ETOl apXlKO Yla Til oUYKpoTIlOIl
Kal apxdwv (indices) Kal Yla Til nAIlKTpoMYIlOIl
KElll8VWV KElIl8VWV) ME Tllv EIlcj)OVlOll TIl<;
TEXvoAoy[a<; w<; vtou EmCJTIlllOV1KOU nEoiou, avamuooovTOl
llaTa onou XPIlOlIlOnOlElTOl YlQ nEplOOOTEpO
nVE<;" cj)aPIlOY8<;, onw<; 11 aUTOllarll IlTOcj)paoll. 11 KaTOvollOll KQl
KE:lIl8VWV, q uvayvwplOIl KCll ouv8EOll 11
KnOlOUTlKWV OUCJTIlIl('nWV, K.a.
M[a ana Tl<; npWTE<; npoono8ElE<; Yla Tl'IV Tll<;
OE llAKTPOVIKO TO KOIVOTlKO npoypallllaEUROTRA
(1976-1992), nou anOTEAEl TO npWTo naVEupwnalKO npoypalllla
aUTollaTll<; IlTO<ppaOll<;. L' aUTO TO ouoTlllla anaTOV
ypamo KElIlEva ana KOl npo<; OAE<; Tl<; yAWOOE<; Tll<; Eu-
'EvWOll<; Karomv lOpu81lKE OTIlV EMMa TO IVOTlTOUTO
Aoyou (lEA), onou IlEATOTOl 11 avanapo-
OTaoll Tll<; KOl avamuooOVTat nou EKTEAOlJV
aUTollaTaYAWOOlK8<; OlQOlKaoiE<;.
LTOV nEplypocj)OVTOl Ol 00118<; Kat Ol IlIlXaVIOIlOI TIl<;
0<; 0011<; 8EWpOUVTOl Ol nAIlP0cj)oP[E<; nou I-iE
Tllv TWV YAWOOlKWV Emn80wv (cj)WVllTlKO-cj)wvoAoYIKo, Ilop-
CPOAOYIKO, OUVTOKT1KO, OTwaOloAoYlKO KOl npawaToAoylKO).
01 m:plypa!JlEe; aUTEe; tva Tile; yAwooae;,
n6.vw OTO onolo KwolKOnOllllJEVOl IJllxaV\OlJo( (aAyopI8IJOl).
o ne; nou ono
TOUe; IJIlXavlOIJOUe; KOl ETol nlTuYXOVTOlIl
To ypomo UAlKO, nou XPIlOllJOnOllTOl we; Ovo!Jlopoe; ylO Tllv
OVOAUOIl Tile; yAwoooe; ono TOV IlASKTpOVlKO aVTAlTOl ona
OUMOYEe; opl8IJou nou KOl
OTOV KpITIlP[WV
POIJIlVIO looe; KSlIJEVOU, KAn). 01 OUMOYEe; OUTEe;
YVWOTEe; we; OWIJOTO (corpora) Kal ovnnpoow-
Tllv Tile; YAWOOOe; OTIl Tile;
Ta OWlJaTO IJnopl va ana EnlOTlllJOvlKO oOKi-
IJla IJEXPl KOl ouvmYEe;
o 66010 OSV IJnopl npoYIJOTlKO vo
IJlO yAWOOO anwe; TO ylOTI Kon TTOlO
yvwoll KOl KaTovolloll Tile; KOl npoYIJo-
nKoTIlTOe;. H OlJwe; TWV iOlWV TWV unoAoYlaTWV, KOl Tile; yAWOOO-
Aoyiae; Ka8we; KOl OMWV oOllyl KOl
npoomlKe; OTIl OXOIl TOU KOl Tile; yAWOOOe;.
'Evo olllJavnKO npo6AIlIJa nou KaTo Tllv
Tile; YAWOOOe; Il 01J!JllOIlIJIO, 11 nOAAonM nou 8TIl-
OtxovTOI OPlOIJEVSe; KOI OOIJe;. HOIJ!JllOIlIJ[O lvOl nOAunAoKo
npo6AIlIJa YlO TIlV KQT6. TIlV Tile; OVOAUOIl. Myw
TOU nAouOlou KAlTlKOU Tile; KOl Tile;
nou 8TIlTpnEl OTIl OEIPO TWV opWV Tile; npomolle; Ol
1J0p!JlEe; OIJ!JllOlllJioe; lVOl
a 01J!JllOIlIJIO:
TWV Ka}.wv: nAIl8uvnKOu 81lAUKO /ouotu:po.
6. Il alJ!JllOlllJia:
ooKorroc; ivai KO}.OC; oKorroc; iJ.[;}.(;Joia/poupoC; /oroxoC;.
y. OIJ!JllOTlIJio lJpOUe; TOU Myou:
E:iVOl Ko}.a: KO}.O: mi8noI mipPlllJa.
O. OIJ!JllOlllJio ASlToupy[Oe;:
T) wooo i:PE: TT) llT)xavr] W TO VEO
i 17 OlloOO ipE: T17 iJ.17Xavr] XP1701jJorrolwvrac; TO via
ii 17 OIlOOO i:E:P Tr) ll17xovr] rrou i:XE:l KOlVOUPIO
E. OIJ<!JlOlllJiO AElTOUpYioe;:
1') nplypor] TOU ouyypai:a:
i 0 ouyypai:ac; Xl rrptypotjJ1 Kan,
ii 0 ouyypai:ac; Xl nplypac:i ana KanolOv.
H payooia KOi ovamuooovTOl
nou 80 aTle; yAwoOlKte;
1J0e; ia"
TO LYITHMA AYTOMATHL: META<lJPAL:HL EUROTRA
Iw OV01'WO EUROTRA ELoayoV1OL awl' urroAoyLoni W
IlE ltQ,i!aOlj, OVOAUOVtOL,
%aL llEQlygaq;Ewl '1 yAwOOD<l] 00[0'1 ow
AE!;lltO, OVV1oxuxa %OL Oll[LaOlO),oYDta ErrlrrEllo. H ova),VOl)
ovorroglowWL OE '1AWooO),(J'!L)(O O(vtQo, onou XOQo-
Xtl19LtovWL OL 'WL OL KO.1omv, OL
yAwooae; mLe;
aA),1)C; )(Q[ to,Oe; C/volloQa-
YE1CLl.1) ngowol)011)V anl)y),wooo
o tOv OltOlOV ltEglyga.cpEWll1 Xa.eE
OE DAEe; tIS y),WOOEe; vnOXOUEl Ot1) eEwgla
EUROTRA'(lCl xeleE <patvO,tEVO. 0 X08E
10V yAWOtJO),OylXOV O vrQov aVtLOWLXEl OE fila q.gaoll'ivo-
11110 ngoWOl)e;. OL nJ'lgocpogLEC; nov :WQOVOleL::'ovTClI OE
%a8E OLaXAaOW0l11OV 6EvrgOV ClllOtP),OUV X(l["'1" JIEQLygO.CPli
"1e; OVYXE)(QLf/fvTjS CfgaOlle; 'Owv to SacpSrWEI 0,0
O'lcXOLO 'latE 8a 'lEOOUV OE E<paQllo'!'i OL'!A.WO-
OOl eo. EJIlOQCWOVv l.UVW on)60[1 TOV
l\EvrgOV XOl ea w [IEW'lgE1Vovv OE Ongo tl)e; yAUlO-
o<pou iXEl yLVEll1 aVtDfWtl) avtL%Cl'lc'tmaOlJ tWV AtI;EWv
flEOW Eva; Oly),WOOOV ),C;LXOV. Ta 6Ly),wooa
ilOU EXOVV OVa:JITt)xOEL ailO tllV 0llaoa
EEUROTRA ELvm: lOJIaVlxU. "IEQfWVlXa.,
ttO).LXCt, ilOQwya).Lza.-> E),),'1YLxa.
To E ROTRA 0),0)(A11gw8'lXE WV
tQv 1992.To a1l0'lEAW,lClliwvoXlloaotva),WOl'Q';'IXO :TQol-
av, 000 '1 EVa: !l:OAUHflOV EVlCllou l)),ExtQOVlX01J
yAWOOL'XOV OgX lOU fiE XOLVEC; JIgooLa'!gaq>EC; XaL ylCl tis EVV((
y),waOEC;.
To ITPL01)IK6 Ram (J UITOAOYI<JTWV.
LI!\IA B PONIOTH
337
AnaTH fi\QTI:ATQN NEQN
flrllixava a;ro vwpie; rrrjpEpa. EiXa 51:VVxn/r1E! >'.at trpO-
u:raOOlJua va XQVA.cLpW pExaOEr(J(JJw. MovT:1J u;ran;roo
Jr(Jbm va 5V;I1'lIW vwpie;. 1'0 irgwiri;rora pE
1\'Y'iWVOpa! yta.ri av blY rpOauw ortJv w(}a pOV oro 01.0-
).0 Oa raaxouuw.Etlit:xa tJ XaOl]yt/rpux trovC-iOOP "IV
1r(Jwrq wpapoortJ MVEI. To ,Tai/;EJ. aout1](Jr,xa!tinoro
/lan epiva XaL rov XOMI/rO pOV. AUE trOU /l rove; {laO-
povr; trOO {Ja/;n /:xn p)-LJrCil!1 oJ.I/ 1/ ra5tJ. 'Eva,
pOV, atro fl'1a).UrCf!tJ ra5tJ, JrOA.V rpa07] avOgwMc;, pOU
Elm;orlro ;rai/;nni{Ja.
llto,TOJ.V opW';/l xourpaivn paOT]/tanxo,. Eyw xa!
XOM1]rO,/l00, opw,rovT:l/V xavapcyv(}!orJj oro&aywV!
u/la. Al'T:L'/(laljJap /lla ;ro).v /;eJoJixonj a;ravrtJuq XU! axi-
ualJE. Arpov wrofJtJua xa! eyw. Tov xavapc Ul!!J7rtJro xa!
lW(!i,muax!paJ.tora.
r.TlJil.'oC; - J. XaQaJ.ll,mOlW\lAOC;,
H"l;fVlJ" twv
E<vt1fl.HKaOT]/lE(}!V/j, 4.10.1992.
AE:::IAarra
11]vixava: S(mvtJua
KovJ.a!!w: Mivw7/JvXQaLi-/O,
ME pnap'!: Me exvcvQi/;CLa,Hcixa!,uE XOJ.{A6.QCL
Movr1] bivn: Me E>tvcvei/;n
To trai!;<: [JoQloravCL >tan novOEl'dvCl!
KoJJlJro,. [JokuorEvo,rpi},o,
</J)J"Tu.{JW: X6.vO/,OL, rQeJ..aivoi-/Cl!
o&xo,/lov: [Joku aycOltJro<;i-/0U, OLxdo,
EivaL rpauq: Eiva!,,0.1.0,
NrifJa: MeVpo, VlrEQoxA,
H ,AOrl:A rHMEPA
nEPIOnPIAKA IAlnMATA
"npI8wplaKO IOIWflalO" lVQl yAwoOlKte; n01K1Aie; nou anoTAouV
aKpa[e; nplffiWOIe; K01VWV1KWV olaAKTwv. AvanTUOOOVTQl fltoaO
KOIVWV1KO npI8wplaKe; OflOOe; 01 opaOTIlPlonlTe; TWV orlOlwv Tie;
TOIT08TOUV KOITOT KTOe; VOflOU. 01 YAWOOlKe; TOUe; OlaqJope;
AITOUpyouv we; oUfl60Aa aMllAYYUlle; KQl Ollflla avayvwplOlle;
TWV flAWV TOUe;, Ka8we; KQl olaqJoponolllai]e; TOUe; ana Tllv
unoA0ll111 KOlvwvla, npowanou OUVaflWV1 Til TT1e; oflooae;.
XapaKTllPIOTiKO napaolYflalO npl8wplaKwv lOlWfloTWV lVQl 10
KouTOa6oK1Ka YAwooa nou fllA181Ql ana TOUe; 1l0YKe; (yKOW;-
voe;, AUreI)Tt:prj: lIoyaplQojJoe;, I) jJoaoa, K.a.) KQl TO KaAlapvTo, II
apyKo, TWV 0fl0qJUAOIAWV. Ta KaAlapvTo, nou lVQl fllanM-
Pile; YAwooa, alTo IlUOT1KOTIlTa, II onola
anaIOlQITPTlnpoopo,TOXLJTQTIl 0IlIAla, IOIKO WllOVIOflO, KpUnTlKO
KQl auv811flaT1Ko (novw ana 3.000 nou avaVWVTQl
ouvXwc;. OTIl Kal Til Tile;
VW TO npotpXTQlana At-llV1Kte; KQl aAt-O fl
vvola. n.x. wrowoe;: aaTUullaKac;, Tt:KVO:
ojJouAo/lIoe;t:paOTrje;, KOUTQA10: t:pWTlKrj XlpovojJia. rlv1alnAOU-
Ola auv8TwV, onwe; ui/JojJt:Tpou: ojJOUlIOllloe;XWplOTI)e; (ana
TO uljJOjJt:TPO: Opt:1VOe;), t:pWTt:uopal. ElVQI O<jl8ova TQ
06vla KUp[We; ana TO lTaA1Ko, yaM1Ko KQl ToupK1Ka, jJOPTOpW: ret:Bai-
VW, vOKa: OX1, JJE: OIK: J.!.t: wyivt:lQ. napa TO OTyavo TWV
li51WflOTWV aUTWV, TOUe; OUXVO IOXWpOUV OTTJV KOlVr') yAwoaa
KalVOllillon010UVTOI.
338
Ynapxouv KaL aMa ALyon;po KQl
nou avamUOOOVTQl we; TWV aSLWV TT)e; UPU-
TPIle; KOlVWV[ae;, onWe; LVQl T) yAwooa TT)e; vsoAaiae; TT)e; onoiae; Ta
xapaKTT)plOTlKa sivQl: a. Ul08TT)0T) ASSWV ana aKpa[a npl8wplaKO
nou OLXVSl nwe; Ol VOl Ql08aVOVTal nspL8wpiaKoi O
KOlvwv[a nou OV TOUe; n.x. ul08TOUV K<1>POOIe; onwe; TI?
6pioKW (ano HI yAwooa TWV onou T) TI?
ava<1>polOV OTT) OOOT) TOU VapKWTlKOU KaL nKTa811Ks OTT)V uxap[-
OTT)OT)) 6. SAAl']VIKWV ASWV oLa<1>opSTlKfj ylO oap-
KQl slpwvLa, KOUrpOr;: xaa1/10 /1c:yaAe: KaA'" (paOI?, rpiAc:
y. svwv ASSWV nou OLXVOUV n[opaOT) Tile; KQl
OMIlASYYUT) npoe; illa VSOAa[a, XW KaTOeAl!/J1?
(ayyAlKo VTOOUV: KOTW), KouAopw: /1VW ljJuxpal/10e; (ayyAlKo KOUA:
I5pooepoe;, IjJUx,00l/10r;) KQl O. TOU Tl']e;
TWV OUOIaOTLKWV, onwe; IOU navemorr,/1lou KQl IOU oouAou, nou
apIOTpe; nOAlTLKe; 801e;.
H yAwoaa TWV VWV Kp[V1Ql auxva we; nOlOTIKO KQTWn;pl'] Kal
KQl KaTT)yoplTal OTl anelA1 TIlV nl8[wOT) Tile; PJ..-
A6. TO aUTO -onwe; KOl 10 OAAa- OV aVTlKa8lOTO 1T)V as
OAe; Tle; Tile;. E[VQl ana Tle; KOlVWVlKe; OlaAKTOUe; Kal
nlAoye; nou KOVOUV Ol avoAoya TIlV np[maOT) Yla va
KTOe; ana TT) TWV
KaL Ton08t1T)0T)e;.
EKTOe; ana10KOUTOo80KLKa, 10 10KaALapVTO, 10
TWV VWV, TWV TT)e; unopxouvKQlaMan-
PIOOOTPO AlyOTpO OlarpoponOlT)ilVanou aVTmpoownuouv OlO<1>0-
pe; KOlVWVlKe; OlYAWOOlKe; aUTe; nOlKlA[e; va
80uv,ylaTi OXl TT)V nOAAaru\61T)1O TWV KpamlKwv
IlOWV 1T)e; yAwooae;, aMoKOlTT)V 1T)e; xwpae;.
OL x<jlQam:LxES ouvcnotTJt S tTJS xa),LaQvn1S yAwooas
lffikoutitoYl:aL !le 't1'J rro),lwv rreQL<jlQam:L){WV
eXqJQclOeOJv rrou arrOHAOUYl:QL cma xarrmo xl-Hoi,
OT]l-laOLas XaL Eva 01JOLaOtlXO To
,La. arrOx1Ct ouyxexQLl-lfvTj Evvma a.:n:a 10 oulJ.cpQatofLEva.
Axo!lTj,YLQ va oW<jlukaX8d0XQUIT1Lr.aS 1%
1ElOLa ITOU arraV10VV ouxva, EXOUV
(lLacpOQ S ITaQanayEs[lX.10 a{3EJ,w, a.:n:o 10eAAT]VL-
xo IJEJ,w, JWQOUOlCtt1aL XaL OJ; {3ovD.w. Oivw,
JCa0vw, "avw, mOVf-lW, Xw, lJJ..w, XaL
ewpavitE1aLoe ITeQUJoateQeS cma 70 XClllffio-
Q01rv va OTJlJ.louQ)'1'J8ouv XaL ak).ES. MeQLxES Wl() aU1ES,
rrouEx!xa1OYQa'ljJ!0H. f11QarWUAOS, ELVQl Ot
a(JiMt yxowpoflui: rpvoae{ av,uo,
a{JEJ..w aiTVa: {3ycil;w oJCUQi
afJD..w axaAui: o<avw oimw
a(JD..w {Jw)ira: oivw ArpTa
a(Jv.(fJ erpovw;a: T17v y).wooa
a(JtJ..w y.{lax{)(i: OtlPW
a(Jv.w u'Ipi(Ja: YQarpw
afJiJ.w utpiva: xar17yoQovWJ.t
a(JiJ.w YrQwi.. vrv vof-lw
OEMATIKO LXELIIAIMATOY t\E[t\OrrOy
TQ MH ANOBIQ
HMTJxavlj.XClQax1T]QlO].1.oi:
P17XavaXt: iW{Jiw, aUa yw rov, yvwou;
O<aL f-l';W'17
YXQ/1va: JCX T17 Yo<Of-lvo. {3o).ra
pou)(}a ,u17xavlj xawxaivovQw JCEvwo<alJafFI
rstrs'AOVt: JCQlJWI17j.J-ivYj .
rs'rsi: nQuwl17,Uv17
f-l17xaV, ,uovoo<v},/VOQE; OIO<V},IVOQ; /"
ao<avol'wro ljxo
r(}axr/:{lw: f-l17xaV, j.J-OVOo<V2LVOQ, lj O/XVA"'OQ<;' Itaxa-
vovwro
{JoUlur. wy6J.a xv{J!Y.a j.J-waia rpnay,uiva"
K.KuuiI-lTJ<;, MLa ElblXlj yl.W(T!rw>.
EIPHNH <bIAlnnAKH-WARBURTON
339
To Tau P600u KOI
ara opxaia ell. I.
EE IA
H 'faria,npOTllipylO TOU AOyou.
fi, nlv<l fiJI' Axat57iptaV JrOLTJrwv rol XOV{!M{!OlpOV
,T(!oabcJ.0pdJa uipc{!ov rlpi'j, ivD<a JrOITJ.qV rov iv roi,
"EJJ.1WI 'TQwrcVowa, HWl!YIOV rnpi{!IJV. n:vcipi:v ra
,TOlt/para rourov ri'J, OaMiITTJ' TIl,f\il'aia" JrvEi fJi: xai
rwv'/::JJ.1JVIXWV n{!al'parwva.iTavrwvciJOv,Curo rov{Jaal-
Jiw,TIl,i\aiVlJ;ti:pxopcva rovwl'll'/iovixclI'ov. l!1corpai-
l'Ct'Ul yovy T"fJ PEv 0 pL'rat;'AJif,av6{!o,;laiJOf,al{JE{JVOI-
api:vali,nz{JaOTJ TIl,i\aia,, rfi bi:pV()OI OLOV,JCai", r'
WI'ahiwvijairrov!'l'wvfjxovani:v1:p{'{!vyfjJ7:QV tvKhz-
!;opcvai",. xairOL roi, a{!Xaiot., OUX U), JTa{!OIXOpi:vOI,
povov xai JroOElvoi", JroJ,v, Evlitar(!i{JEl, ali.a xai cwv
;ra{!iJvTwv Eblova,i:v aUroi,aVEV{!iuxEl xai rUiv oi".rio)l'
apa,TaOwv. OV/j"E)J.'Jl'IXO,povovar{!oJro;;n" JCOlt/UEW,.
ra).aTlxai, T yap pouaal, i::rbmva rwv "A).JTwv in:l-
wJ.wv ri'j,lwrpibo,1CoiIJUIV fjbIJ ro&T{Jlaxoarov ro,
_C{!otpfj i:-"dvy PcTC{!f!UO/JtaE, xai rfi ToD 'EJ.twrov I1Irll'c-
VO/ID'O, ou pa Ji'avataOt/cw, E{!I/piav aUrov i,TO
'EJ)'1V1XOV xaJ).Larapcrc,'{!w/Jcv.
in bi JrOJ.IUVOJI{:\o, co ilJtErF{!ov fOvo, i'yvwxev oftlv
iarll', W,xaii<ar'C4!t/I7J1' xaixaraJro}pov l1I'vt.gyaaa-
/ID'o" warE dJ olbE l/'VXai", B(!n:awwv m'a ivccTTJXOCa
[(lIVia, a,TO ffLu{jda, iprpvopCl'OV ;lai in i>t' iJl.;'r:EL{!iav
ioxUovra. xaiCurolpa[vEl pi:vixaaroTE ra bd)rrypi:va Toi",
iavrovori/ji:v lhToaw.J,apcvo" rp(!ovrit;El 1/' 0/10),{j,TW,ai
{jtrlrpoflai, iiI' rIl'E,irytvwvral,TIll' )tOLV//V IptJJav w,tM-
xwra/JJ.U:l/'OVat, Jr(lOOvl'ovpivwvxaiilJlIv ti,roI1Ih1/0.
aJroxaOlaraVaL. r, bt, iilitWTly.J/ IptJJ.a JCONrlxai",
oLQlpo(!ai;OU{jEvJrirpvx n:aO'"J.Elv.
1:0IpOX).i'j<;, (U,).t'iovm .TOIIJrr" ort ayaOiJ,(JT!!arIJl'o,
1/{JiOT/. !r.Twbwpi:vo, 0 bll/IO, arm, tv r0 viii'
XflOV(V ,'TOII/rTJV Ov XEl uorpunarov JTgW{JO'Tl/V Jroarii.-
J.El timr!.'/, {j' r,JlWV r, ;rarfli, 'in,ayaJJ.rrat ).axovua
a&rOv.
;r{!oaaywJr{!O, upil,av{j!!a i;rupavr;, rovJC{!Ea{1CVT1jv rov
;rag' TIl,pautMia,nul''}J't/l'WV,
rEnprIONLTYAI Of1:EtflF:PIA,mN.
"[01) HW(lYou L(J!EQl] OE liLbc'cl."tO(la "tOu
KalwcQl"[s (6. 6. 1960). To XE4tEVO ouy'YQa\I'E 0 lJf!OOt.o<;
AyoglJ"t11S "[0" !lavEJttO"tlll'LOU,LancelolPatrickWilkinson.
H rAorrA rHMEPA
EITIEIAPXAIIMOY
n[OJlQ TWV KQlpWV, nou ElVQl JllKpOljJUXOl KQl JlUWmKO XPllOlJlOSll-
PIKOl. OTIl oUYXPOVll EAAOOQ KQJlIO Qno Tl<; JlOP<; Tll<; yAWOOQ<; Jlo<;
OEV XEI nQVTAw<;. 'OAE<; TOU<; OtEKOIKOUV OQV TQ "LOWAQ KQ-
JlDVTWV" T1']<; VKUIO<; JlIQ OTOAQ Q1JlQ -TO I1EPTlKD TOU<; OTIl
TQ QPXQ1Q EAAllVIKO Ot060KOVTaI OTIl M01l nQlOElQ (JlE TO OTQYO-
VOI1TPO OUOTUXW<;) KQI OTI<; $IAOOOIK<; TWV nQVEnIOTIlJliwv.
!\6YlOl (UOPlSJlOl 66Qiw<;) OUVSTOUV OTIlV APXQ[Q nQlYVIQ,
TlJlllTlKa ljJllioJlQTQ, YKWJlla KQl npOOAQAl<;. Ol napQOTaOl<; QPxai-
ou opaJlaTO<; OTO npWTDTuno DAO KQl nAllSaivouv. XQpiEVTE<;". OAAO
KalllJlIJlQSEl<;, apOKOVTaI VQ TOV AOYO TOU<; 11 nQ nT-
pDEvTa" anD TllV QPxoia AOyoTExvla.
H TWV O' KQl Tll<; Kalvr,c; {l,WBrjK'7C;, KaSw<; Kat II apxal7;ouoa
TWV UJlVWOWV, aKOUYOVTQl OTI<; EKKAllOlaOTIK<; QKOAOU-
8iE<;. 'Eva anD TQ lO)(upoTEpa SAYllTpa TOU TumKou Tll<;
AQTpEla<; napaJlVEI aVQJll6oAW<; II yAWOOQ Tll<; AElTouPyia<; Ol aKO-
AouS1E<; Tll<; EKKAllo[a<; JlQ<; anoTEAouV UljJllA<; JlOP<; AOYOTEXVIKO-
TllTa<; KQl SQ pIKQAO avoOlouPYlll1Q QUTO TO EYKOAWmOI1Q VQ
SUOlQOSEI OTO 6WJlO TOU EKOUYXPOVl0l10U 0 SElo<; yvoo<;
npnEI va nEpl60AAEl KOSE SPllOKUTlKDTllTQ<;. H
KQTaVDl101l TWV OpwJlVWV KQI TWV AEYOJlVWV OTEPEl Tllv TATOUP-
yiQ anD TO OTOIXEtO TOU avoIKE IOU KQl aUl1nQPOOUpEI TO 8PllOKEUTlKD
auvaio811JlO OTIl 6aaovo TOU ljJUXPOU OPSOAOYlOJlOU. OpSDTaTa
Aomov Kal II miallJlO<; EKKAlloia KOl TO xplOTnWVUJlO Tll<;
Qv8lOTQVTOl OSEVQPW<; OTI<; OKPIT<; OUVllYOp[E<; unp Tll<;
KKOOJllKEU01l<;.
340
00VOOlIl0<; KOl OTlIlWTlKO<; OTclSIlK 0 VOYKOAlOIl0<; Tfl<; KOSOpU-
OUOO<; (KaT' ouoiov 1110<; ono HI OIKTOTOPIO TWV
oUVTOYIlOTOPXWV (1967-1974).0 OUTOPXlKO<; KOI oOUVOPTllTO<; AOYO<;
TWV npwTPYOTWV KOl TWV onoAoYllTWv TIl<; 2111<; AnplA[ou KOTOO[KOO
TIlv KOSOpuouoo 0111 ouvlolloll TOU AOOU. 'ETOl 11 IlTOPPUSlllOll
TOU 1976, Tllv onolo KOl 11 nplOKl/J1l 0
rWPYlO<; P6.M1l<; ov OUVclVTllO nopcl XAlOP<; OVTlOpOOl<;. H KOSl-
pwoll Tll<; w<; W[Olllll1<; yAWOOO<; TOU KpOTOU<;
(VOIlOSoio, OLQ[Kll OIl , mpOTo<;, Kno[ouOll, 1100 VllllPWOll<;) lX
w<; ouvnlo vo T11v KOSOpuouoo ana TO nopOOOOlOKcl T11<;
PiOIlOTO KOl vo mTOXUVl TO 1l0POOll0 Tll<;. EVTOUTOl<; KOl
OIOTIlPOUVTOl mov ypomo KUp[W<; AOYO VllOlO<; oPxo'iOIlOU, nou ov
So npnl OOepOAW<; va w<; 011<; 1l0Auvow<;,
OMcl OVOAOyO 11 T11v nplmwOll, w<; ovono}..llol1 vo<;
YAWOOIKOU lOWOOU<;, we; OT11 T11e; nopcloooll<;, we;
oouvoll[o we; w[noo uepou<; TAOe;, w<; K011AWOl<;
KKvTPlKoTllTOe; KOl Olo811TlOIlOU. OplOIlVOl Tile; nOAOl-
OTP11<; YVcl<; va ouyyp6epouv Tle; npoYIlOT[<; TOUe;
O 1l0P<; K080pUOVTOe; AOYOU O nOlKIAe; KOOX<; Tile;
AUSpOe; H TOU nOTplOPXlOU OlOT11Pl IllOV
anomooll OOepOAEioe; ana TllV KOl OUVOllo onoT[l
cpopo mov 1l0e; nop6 T11 voSuo11 nou
SXl unomi 11 y}..wooo Tll<; epllllp[OOe; 'Eoria OIOT11Pl ovoAollne;
KOIll/Jonlo<; KOl [XV11 XovopoKOnovlollVOu onlKou clAOTOe;. Av ana
6nol/Jll ovoyvwoSEi opS6, W<; KWlllKO noe;, 0
Mtym; :4voTOA1KOC; TOU Avopo EllnlplKou onoTAEi IlV11IlIO AOYOT-
XVIKOT11TOe;, EVa SplOIlBIKO KOToPSWllo TWV Tll<;
To YAWOOlKO npoBAllllO nou TOAclVIO YlO auo XlAlT[e; TOV AAll-
vlOIlO Xl mTAoue; mAuSEl. KovEie; OUT KOV 01 oSPO-
nUTOl VOOTOAYO[ TOU nopASOVTO<;, OV mmUl OTl EivOl OUVOTOV 11
KOSOPUOUOO va ovomllSEi K VKpWV. AKOllll KOl 01 T11e;
Tl<; TOU<; OTO wlnoo TOU
'Ollwe; TO nolo TWV YAWOOlKWV ovnnopoStowv, nou
OUXVcl O OlOllclXe;, Xl j..lTOKIV11S[ mo 1100 010 10lO TO
OWIlO T11e; nopo TOV K[VOUVO OX11IlOTOno[11011e;
So TOAIlOUOO va lOXUPlOSW on Ol T60l<; nou OlOypOepOVTOI ElVQl ouo.
H npwTll ouv11yopEi untp Ill0<; AOYloTP11e; onoKAlOlle; T11e;
H OUTPll Tle; BOOlKe; mAoye; TOU 011110-
TlKIOIlOU. To OIl 1110 EivOl noMo, WI nopooEiYIlOTl: TO 1l0VOTO-
VlKO, 11 Tile; oooEio<;, 11 KOSOPOTIlTO
w<; PUSll101IKOe; KOVOVO<;, TO TAlKO -v, 11 nOAUTun[o, 11 upuXWP11 011-
TO YAWOOlKO M80e; we; napoepSopa we; KEVTPlOIlO
11 IlETOYAWTIl011 KlIlEVWV T11<; KOSOPuouoo<; OT11 (K. no-
nOPP11yonouAo<;, E. PoT011e;, AA. nonooloIlOVTIle;), 11 OlOOOKOA[O naAOl-
OTPWV 1l0PWV Tll<; YAWOOO<; 110<;, 11 oPxo'i0llwv OT11 v
KOl opoAoYlo, K.cl. T11v yyuc1TOlIlOVO
o SclVOTOe; H nou YVVOBOAO OUYKPOUOIC;. fa,
Em'l'ovcic; eKTIpocrWlTO, op'CJTepilc;
cruxvil yAwcratKtc; emAoytc; nou SewpOUVTOI
o cixe TaxStl KOTO TOU
(6A. E),W(Jcp<JTUlTia, 19. 2. 1980, a. 32) Kat untp TOU
evilpSpou (TO elVO', TO yiyvw8o,), TO olToio Sew-
pouae y,a TOU 'I',Aocro'l"KOU

H KA80MOAOfHIH TOY 616AKTOPA
TH <!'[t\OLQcDIKHL: L:XOAHL: TOY
APIITOTEA[IOY rTANEDIITHMIOY
8ELIAAONIKHL:
17 bllim/poe; nih rf>u.oa()(pOJv L";(ohj, rov Jlpuravflu;
m:wEvovcO" cLe; rove; iavrije; odiaxwpae; tJoxlfJaaaL
fJC? avrfi TC xai f?/ ll{nJWl'cL{/- 0TffJOal(l- lrltTnV MOWIII T7jVOI::
Tije; flEV hrurnlllqe; UJe; 0[01' rc palwta iv up fJilfJ
xt1Ti ro re}CLorcpov a{lfIfv !fpoayay/v xai ayJ.t.lr-
tlaL tiEi !J1/lJi xf!1i(1{:uOaL raVrri bri l(Jl/pan-
up(iJ ij !<vov xJiove; /hjp{/-, till' Eip' ii til' rije; Odae; tilt/Odae;
TO lpwe;. lTpouOJri-(Jw lJwxopVov, tic[ !fJ.io(1/'V bralrytit!l,
mil' oE ;rpoOiJpwe;, if, n u" piJJIJ rio FVtJFpmrV
OLUCLV xai XOal'0I1 ,jOwv "ai uCliVorqra rpo;rr/I\'. pqoi rij;
rwv iiJJ.wv ou)a(];<aAiae; tJUv upcJ..tC(!i{l xauJfLlFI1!'/(Tf(V
!fori, "evoaotpwe; TrC(!:repl'Vopc>o" xai uz iXeLvo'e; Ikbtr/-
l;/:va xawaoqtliTFVHV ."reti)(OI/CVO" fI'10' uivav-
-r:ia tliv alreoe; yLyvU)(TXW, fJLbtimwv, pI/be xam]J.wCL'V fIiv
bCLlJT1jPIJ1', "ai ro rav rwl' Movawv OLauwrou
aiuxtJVHv rfi tWV al<oapo/-.
TattfTjV i:trai'ydiav dr/ 1'0< fiil' t9c6v
UpOJyOv i<TqaaoOw iv r(ii fJi(!J.
M Z KOnlMKHI
341
"au
0"0 Ta tllpovo TWV "tpoac aro
TWV MME, 0"6eKe; KOI
v,a
I1POBAHMATA OPGOlPA<l>lN:
Il.c{jov XaOlffiC{!lVIi, lITO JrOU OOUM:VW, DIU'
JrA'I',rir;opu/ fiC VI owgOwrg/li. !J11q. lI(Jum va 'I{!aq;ouJlc
IlIwria lj <<II/oria, OlrW, ODJ.t CI/l:iVT/; Duma va
rOvo OTO W9> Ur((V auro CiEl. ypllV!xrj ry rOJnil17
ivvOLa (o:rw, tyw) ry irf:l; naTi aJJ.fW xpara.
iJC fa blll'ld uVwpwva Xt aMoU &xt; flaTi a,uov (JEfJopa
mc T1JV /OTO(JWlT, og()oY(Jacpia Xl aV.ou 0XI; L'lJlVa fa
fiE roy muro flou: :rapim blcvOlJVl7jC; roy t:VTVJrou
(Exovm;, OCW(!1JTLxa, ro (J/,?aiwfla va i<a()opiuw TIf
yA.wuua rov ava.J.oya fIE nc; /j,xi; floU lrE.TOL()ljUELC;), oi-
X0l'at uJ./xa pia o(JOoypaepia Jrov Of:IJ fiVUL opOoypagJia,
iJw J.oytX7/ Jrou &'11 CiCl XaflJa. AOY/Klj, nc; a,TolfiwCLq
Xa.JrolWV IIII/(JolEglx6v wbr1JC; :rOY licv EpJrViol/V lIal'ui
Cfl7I'ImouVvlf. 0 avriJ.oyoc; CiCL, Xl aura;, T1J ).nylxry rou:
iJc aura ra J,UL, /jt/jamICTUL 1J t:JJ.1JVlXT, qra (TLO-
)'ia, aurlj I'7/v Jl'aga).{}y'l o(JOoypaepia ExEI t;rzfJalEl '1'0
xgaroc;, iJE aurlj ()a ,T(Jhw va 1I'O(JEVToVIIE, imw Xl av
OA.OI pac; ExOV/1 yivEt Jruov avopOiJyparpot Xl 0 xaOivac;
ypa({JEt o:rwr; ODJ.I.
AV'tuioC; XQUOOOTllflih'lC;, fqltj!l. A II)'T" 17. U.1996.
II [waywyJj roy /lOVOrOVLXov aura ra rt:kvraia :l.flOvla
/IE I'ta avEV Jr(J01JYoutJivov XaM.{lW0'7/ T1]C;
opOoy(!{upiac;. 01 rOvOL xU/ ra JrVCllpara au va
rjrav ra XU(Jepla. xal OL Jrou XpaTOVUUV I'7/V
op()oY(Jaepia llTlf OiOlf T1]r;. 01 rovol E-iOUV Xl auroi TO
-imOJ a({Javic;- IqrOPIXO VOlJlla TOUr;. Kal /jE;V .T(Ji:,Tf;J va
a(paL(Jouvrat vOliplJ.ra ano 1:1/ ,J.wuua. TIJ
WWC;, avsavollV lIE OJrflXO rTf lilaepo-
go,ToilJ07/, .Tpaypa Jrou UU/lfJa)).I lUi TlIV rpO.TO rou ITT"
Otav07jflXT, f)UlepO(}O;rollJrLX1j IxaVOT1JTa.
I\riVVlj_ Datu.IIS, flf11fl. E;roxri, 18. 12. L988.
TA XPEIOIIH
HrMIIA ITA MME KAI TH 4IAcJ)HMIIH
"'-, ,.r---.. "!",_ _ ...
ola va opiAei
, 4, I I - ../........ '.
'Onolo<; 8 A1 VO yVWp[O1 10 YAWOOIKO lO[WIJO IJIO<; Ov Xl
nopovo OTI<; cJllllJP[O<; TIl<; (KQl oVTloTolXo, OV 88A1 VO
OI Hlv KPOTOUOO op80ypo<pio, ov Xl nopo va OTO
Ylo VOV OnAO AOYO: VO K081l1JPIVO VIlIJPWllKO
8vTuno np8n1 vo YPOcJl1Ql onlv yAWOOO TOU KOIVOU OTO
onolo onU8UV101.
H TOUTOTIlTO TWV IlAKTPOVIKWV IJ OWV VIlIJ PWGTJ<;
ov dVOl TOOO I'] TI']AOPOGTJ, nou w<; KpOllKO IJOVO-
nWAlo 010 1J800 TIl<; OKOT[O<; TaU '60, Tllv n[Ol']1J1l
onmjJI'] Ylo TI'] yAWOOO, IJ AOXI010 npl8wpl0
(Alyo-noAu TO [010 [axu KQl ylO TO KPOTIKO POOIOcJlWVO). HlJcJl0vIOIl
TI']<; POOlocJlWV[O<; OTO T8AO<; TIl<; OKO1[O<; TOU '80 KOI TI']<;
TI']AOPOGTJ<; 011<; OPX <; TI']<; WOIJvI']<; 10
Tonio, ocJlOu YIO 11<; nOAA <; V <; 8 01<; Pyooio<; nou
KOV I'] ntvo" vo<; OUVTOKT1] cJlrWp[oo<; ov lJ1pOUO mo
TOOO 000 Il KO!v\lcJlWV[O (YIO TO POOlo<pwvoj Il <PWTOY8VtO (YIO TIlV
T1]AOPOGTJ)
H8IJAIWOIl<; OlO<POPO OVOIJOO 010V Myo TWV I']AKTPOVlKWV
IJ OWV KOI 010V AOYO TWV vnJnWV dVQlon0npwTo<; [VQl npOcJlopl-
KO<; KQl KcJl P10l OUXVO TI']V [OlO WPO nou Ol']lJloupydTOl, vw 0ou-
TP0<; dVQlypomo<; KOI Tunwv1Ol nITO ana 0 npw-
TO<; oocJlW<; unoAdnnolTOU OUTPOU (OKOUOOIJ AX Tllv KcJlPOOIl
0)10prpOI 0r7)101, OTOV TIlAWOPOUOlOOTPIO KAOYlKWV onOTAOIJOTWV
ov TI OlllJoivouv 01 0)10POI 0r7)101 nou 8npwvo 0106601),
0!v\6 Xl noMlJyOAUTpl'] OlOOOOl']. KOl 8ml KOl TOV Myo
TWV vTunwv.
HKOT6XPI']01l E, VWV opwv KOt O1psoTunwv SKcJlPOOwv, KQaW<;
Kat 0nAIl8wpIOIJ0<; TWV mBllKWVnpOOOIOPIOIJWV dVOlTOTp[O 6001-
KO XOPOKTIlPIOllKO nou OIOKp[VOUV TO nploo6Tpo ouYXpovo 1J800:
Il oV arllJo[V1 nMovTerpTt:pl, o!v\o8Xl TIlV
T))1ePr701O 01 yvwoTOi )10<; ayvwoTOI KOl TO OtarIAeKO)1eVO
dVOl QUO TptXOVTO O1SpOTUnO nou Bo OVllKOTOOTOaOUV V KOlPW
(KoB 8X1 TO OIKO TIl<;), 000 O ylO,OU<; amp, OAOI dVOlnA OV
oOlmep-omp, onw<; KQl OAO TO )10VTt:Ao dVOl TOrI KOI OAO TO yKO'\
xpuoa. KOl OUTO O IJlO onou OKOIJIl KOl Ol oBAIlTlK <;<prwp[-
O<; 8XOUV nOljJ1voypocJlOUV YIO Kt:p6pouC;, move<;Kal T))1iBcouC; ...
H Il opBoyp0cJl[O Kat 0TOV10IJO<; TOU ypomouAOYOU
OTO 8vTuno lJyoAIl nOIKtA[o, OVOAOYO IJ Tllv 10OAO-
y[o Tllv TOU KoB vTunou. 110 Konol<; 10IQlTPOTIlT<;
unciPXouv KQl KoBopo npOKTlKOi AOyOl: OTOV Ol nptooon:p<; <PIl-
lJpio<; 0PXIOOV va TunwvovTOI o IJIKPO axfllJO (TO AYOIJVO
342
MANOt\HL: IABBI6HL:
0PXIOOV VO XPllol1l0nOlOUV ovoyKomlKo 1l1KpOn;-
pee; Kat moue; Kupiwe; TiTAOUe; TOUe;, eMd-
ljJel xwpou (XOPOKTrlPIOTlKO nop60elYllo 11 nep[ffiWOll Ttwe;
npou;pou Tile; LlllIlOKpoTioe;, nou oe KonoiOUe; npwTOotAI-
ooue; TITAOUe; ovoepo1Ov we; IAPTZ). EAoXlmo K0811llepI-
va tVTuno TunWVOVTat nAtov oe nOAuTOVIKO OUmllllo, [awe;
OXl TOOO Y1QTi oev TO emSullouv 01 ovoyvwmee; TaUe;, OAAO
YIOTl 11 oloolKaoio TOUe; dVOl noM mo OUOKOAll
Kat Xpov060po.
o 01l1l00l0e; Myoe; nou avonapoyouv 10 Iltoa dVOl
ouxvo TOOO Aov8aolltvoe; nou y[VETat napOlIlIWOlle;: npOOQTO
napooelWo 0 opoe; KO}.UTepOTepa, evw Aiya naAIOTepo 11
tKpaOll oev OlKalOua8e OU1 va a!Jl}.eiTe. AUTte; 01 "KOTOovee;
nepvouv 0111 Ka80lllAoUlltVll Kal, IlE TllY WOVOAlll)Jll, Ilnopd 11
TOUe; va naylw8d Kal va Kavde; nwe; 11 tKpOOll
I'OUTO 601180el KOI 11 nou TbolEe; EKpooele; Ylo
TOUe; oKonoUe; Tlle;
H dVOllllO 0111l00l0U AOYOU nou nepltXETOl 010
Iltoo EYlllltpwolle;, oMo 0 OKonOe; Tile; oev EiVat TOOO EVllllepwTlKOe;
000 EllnopIKOe;: oey E!VOl 11 KOI 0 axOAIOOIlOe; yeyovoTwv,
OMO 0 eVTunwOloOIlOe; Ylo XOPll TOU npo"lovTOe;. KOTW ana Tllv n[eOll
TOU OV1OYWVIOllou, 01 veOAOYIOIlO[ Kat 01 eK<ppooele; Tile; KoSolllAoUllt-
Vile; KOTOypoq)QVTat KOI OYOnOpayOVTat npw10 0111 EVW
OUXvo eKE! TO aPia Tile; yAwoooe;, KOTI nou 010 nopeASov
onOTeAouoe npOVOlllO Tlle; AOyOTEXvioe; (KOIIOIOiTEpO Tile; nO[IlOIle;)
Ana oKomo, 0 TlJ noe; , TO llAeKTpovlKo Iltoo KOI 11 010-
onoTeAouv OUyKOlvWVOUV1O ooXEio, onou Iltoo TOUe; KQTO-
YPOETOI 11 TpXouoo npOWOTlKOTll1O, oAM KOI OlOIlOP-
wveTOlll wepxollEvll. fa,
3
01pAfVTlvyK:
KAPBOYNO En E
I:YNTAEJOYXm:::

9EEI;AAO 'IKH,7
KU1PC irE l't{l(luy
UTO ciY(lOXnlwi:TOll,OTO BQ
;lOVlO'
81 XQOl
na91lTIKOI KanVIOTe<;
ll.,"to Tq
BElIOLD 6001 Tpwve .... eAITZ;oveC;
Ana TI, npwT, (KOI yvwcnoTp,) rrpoarra81,
aTo IOIp!a nou
<lJ1= OTa KaS' TO 6p
Guinness is good tor you" .. ,
"H arrouomcH11W TaU 00AOU t(JJV Ml'vIE OEV E,/XEl'!:m Toao
XCXlVOUQYWS lOt.ClSOUOUS
000onlY d;lCTAWOll XUL aVTou rrou N>'l umiQ-
XEL t(oQu aT'lyAwuuu.
8uvau% H Kae7/f./r;Wry, 10.3.1996.
0' vioT at
(TO HTalpAivTlVYK tXI KOIAIO'
KO oHa m; XOpUTpl, rrou TOUe;
Cj>IAci8AOU, <ITO TWV aywvwv), VW 0 OKOUOIOe; aou-
TWV OnpaaKTWV nOAITIKWV nou
OKOAou80uv TOU, aaalKOU, Kov6.e; TOU aUVTOKTIKOU (<<KapaOU-
VO.""), tX1 TOU aTOV
TIV VTunwv ...,,). TtAoe;, TO nro
nOAunoSo oro MME ivo. TO KUpJOAtKTlKO"
rrou ma axtMv OnOKA!-
OTIKO (KOI aXI
343
Orav V.l.wooo OUVOvrCTOI TO KIT<;.
ONOt-HTOilOlHIHTOY PHMATOL
EKc!>PALH
OqEi),ovral I1rTJv mOaVOTTJWe; EJifpavIfnJe; Y.rt(!;a1'0-
yivEfnJe;. Mciw071 TTJe; LY.aVOT1]We;xawHo)J:,'TJfnJe; rTJe;
07/e;TOJV JTa01(JEwv rovHvtiJpoVOe;.
Eljlll!!'HKaOTJ/U'!Lv1, 16. 5. 85.
lJ !lcLWIT1/",TIpapvV07/e; TOV E)J.TJ"IXOVl.{!iove;.
Eljl'lfL To BJjpa, 29. 6. 86.
HJrpoOwpia TTJe; EXxaOapLfnJe;(1).0)071'aJro00fnJe;rpopov...
ET1,9.3.87,21.00 avuxolvOJUlj.
KariOCITETO t'yyparpoaHorpafnJe;JUtapauTJe;TJI'EA.AL"une;
B.II.A. Eljl'll" EhvOEpowHia, 14. L89.
rtava unjl1Uw UXiow urppaYIfnJe;UTopaWe;KOUY.fora.
Elf1lll. To 'EOvoe;, 25.U.88.
Ey.rpgal;EI TTJV LOwTv.uaVHOVOpWfnJe;ptae;;ropeiae;...
Epllli. PIl;ouHaUT1/e;, 13.U. 89.
rae;ow{J,{Jitt;w TTJV iy.fppa07jpOV Ey.rlpTJfnJe;.
H t",{.43 (IOVALO, 1985)
flE'ta.lf(!<nj <;tUnol.ll,TOU 'EAIOT.
,dEl' JTpo{J)'TJflaTit;EL POvo 'I Otarpogt1 HOIOTTJWe; =oboUTJe;
wvJ7pWTOTVJr,OV.
,dEY.aHEl'8Jjp(Joc; no)irTJe;.T):.1O (16. -.1985)
"ci'IEvo lJit0YEY!1((fl!1ivo WIO 14
rUl'aiVEOE yw).oyov;U",(ompOrTJw;ultvixwTJe; rTJ;t'xIJOUTJ;
T1]C; KaUTJpEpLVJje;. Al'ri,1.6. 90.
Ymjp;E JrEVTapTJvTJ Y.UOVUTEpTJUTJ Y.v(jWUTJe; TTJ; uVllfJa07';
rovxul;ivo lsic] TaV </J),oi(J{Jov. 1:ZUl,20.6.95.15.00.
EIlI8ETAMEllA,'Hc!>Or GPIAMBOI THL:
TQ .l\EEQNEm TOY NOHivlAfOI
- Mi r1v oJr,OgwvvIUUY.Jj ;c),aupoppfl rolt xair1v avrl-
xoppaux1fppagwl'fUTly.1 briOwJj rov iwivrtaUTO Kop-
pa, 0M. nflprua)ib,l';yh'ETaL uJ]pEpa nOAoe; uvu;rE:!gw-
fnJe; rlli 0).,(1. uc xafptt'bLxa, JT{!obortxa, aVnTJyuIy.a,
rpOTUY.Lorty.a, y.ai avrcoJlpanxa UToIXE'ia, :;rov
y.arw alTO r1v iipffTTJ Y.aOoJ1YTlfnJ Tile; aUlflaJ.EI.ae;, TO'U
r.E.!:., die; 'IvrtJJ.trt;cve; Ei{}PIe;, TTIe; x).iy.ae; xai
TtfJVa{(/.ELOrp0TaXtUTtfJv, X0ltV yLa Y.OLVO uroxoTO K.K.E.
-1{}aflaI'E1t.'7:{lOUTa yuiTJj viY.TJ rou).aofiltae;Y.ai roDHay-
XOUPLOV Jrgokrrt(!Larov, ay.oJ.ovOtfJvme; rie; f{JwrElvi,
aPXie; roD Mafl;LOpoD . AI"l'IVLOpofi ;rarw aHO r1 U7/flaia
roilMEyaAovl:T.4MN.
AnoQlUlrIl tllS311S TO K.K.E.,
1014 OXT.1950,0'. 139.
- H ()UJ)flia pa" aJJ.O. %m 'I /LTtlflia 6clX"El on'I Tt1fnJ
JTE(}liuparoe; aRo rov y.amra).tapo UTOV aomahallo Jra-
flapivEL. A)).6. Yia pae; &1' EiVat aJT},we; pia rafnJ. Eivat
vopo;, EivaL avaJrotpEVy.w. ,
((fIJ".Pll;oaJTaarTJe;, 10.6.95.
H rAOIIA IHMEPA
H 3YAINH rJ\nIIA
ana 1TlV
10U Tl
aUYXPovTl yAwaaa
-
- OTI-
111v
10U vav1l 10U
lOPU1lKOU oKonou. fAwooa
lpa1lOU, 8PTlOKU1lKOU
nOAl1lKOU, np001Q1U1l-
KO aU10-

Kat
loonvlae;, vPYl
8oepQ1e; 1011.1e; eppciOIe;, GTp01Une; YVIK01111e; Kat
npIGTpep0I.1Vll v KV4J Kat napoYOVlOe;
KQI - nou
naipvouvYla OOOI.1VO 10 OUYKaAUn11 10 KVO ouoiae;
010 TTJe; KvoAoyiae;, 1.1 01 onoie; llXOUV npI0001PO ana 10
10Ue; Kat 111V npaYl.1a1lKo1111O nou aYYMouV,
an06alVOVlOe; OAA08l Kat naonap10U Kal unoKa8lGTWVlOe; PUVll-
aVOYKTl KQI nou KepPOV1at oav
10, oavOlll.1ale; nep10UV oav pOnaAa.
a. 'EKeppaOTl aU1apXlKOU KpC110Ue; Kal
lOl01Alae; Kat aYOVlOC; lOWV, II yAWOOO 111e; 8VlKOeppOVOe;
GTa811K, GTOV KOlp0111e;, Kat npoyovoKanll-
UljJtn1le; YVlK01111e; nou Ol81av I.10VO 111
- Kl6w1WV, 6POV10KVOllXWV nMov Kat aKQ10IKIl1WV,
aopl01we; lOU10AOYlKWV
Kat OlOaK1lKWV, OlaAUOVlOe; 10 1wpa GTO OM01 Kat 10
lOlKO GTO YVlKO VW II V61Pll napaMaYTl111e; apKl1at O
unooxawv Kat
6. L111 yAwooa XOUI.1 aMllAoyovla 8OAO-
IOOAoy[ae;, aUl.1noyoue; opyavwowe; (KUplWe; napKKAllOlaGTl-
Kat yAwaooe; GTEp01unTle;: KwolKOnOllll.1Vll 8opPTl10pla
8oepQ1Tle; KOl uo6loe;,
unOOXTIKWV KUpW1lKWV, eppaOle; uno-
IKOVOno(iae; KQI E,cixvWOll 10U OUyKKpll.1VOU
GTO Ka80AlKO aepllPlll.1VO.
y. 01.10iwe; KQI 010
OAOU 10U aplGTpOU epa0l.1a10e;: 10oAoyia opyovw-
KOIyAWOOO GTP01Unll aMllAai1le; KOI
aMllAonaSie;, KOI II yAwaoo on06aiv1 pyaAlo ouonlpwOWe; Kat
1.1 YVW01IKOUe; KQI nou
EnlKaAOUV10l1le; yv8Ale; apxe; we; aMoSI1WV aV01KIWV
Kat 111V OUlVPYO AuSp[a YIO vo
KlVIl111111
Kupla XOPOK111PlGTlKa: V1Ova SIOonOlOe; opoAoy[a,
000V1OepOpWV m8TWV, KWOlKO-
nOllll.1Ve; eppaOle; lKovonAa-
ala SpSUVTl1lKOU (<<10 1POlVO 111e;
344
npOXWpOl OK08KTO), - KAl08, nOp0881lOTO - qJTiX,
-
n8pOV 0IlWC; TaU uqJOUC; KOl KOl OVTi8TO TlC; OMC;
KOOX8e;, TO 0PIOTPOKOIlIlOTlKO IOIWIlO, t;OKTlVOUIlVO
OTOV WPLITPO Xwpo, nrlP800 KOl HjV lOla Hj OU010011
TIlC; -t; OU KOll1 IlYOAUTPI1 OTlilOOLO TOU. 'ETOl, 11
Ilv KOl onOAUTOu A8YXOU TWV
OIlIlOOIWV KOllAw8I1K 11 anop8KKAlTI1 llovoTunio KOl
KOTO TI1e; KOlv08nlOC; At;LnVIO' a O OUYKVTpWTl-
KOe; - ypOqJIOKpOTlKOe; Tr1e; oPyavwOlle; onoTunw8l1K O
10lWil0 OUVOTPOll1l8vO, rlTOl KOllIlOTlKIOIl8Vll yAWOOO OIOIKllTlKOU
ll11xavlOIlOu, K080puouooC; (OTOIXio K08OTWTlKO) 11
1l0pqJoAoyio (OTOlXio novOOTOTlKO), nopoyoVTOC;
K6l00TlKO IllKPOOOIl8C; (<<npL OUOTOOIle;,,), KupiwC; 0IlWe;
TI1 qJpoOfl, onou 11 V8PY10
(mOlxio OUVOIlIKO) 010 OVOIlO (OTOlXio OTOTlKO), yv-
VWVTOe; OUXVO OOOqJIO unOK11l8VOU (nOIIlTlKOU OITIOU) KOI OOPIOTIO
xPOVOU (nOlOU KOI OA}'IlAOUXio
vwv YVIKWV nou KOllnoovouv TIlv 8KqJpOOIl. nopOOUVOallvO,
AayW 1l0pqJOAOylKOU KOIlIlOTlKIOIlOU, 11 Tllv Iota npoo-
OOU KOl TO 10LWIl0 aUTO nLKUPw811K, OlO
owe;, ana TO KPOTOC;, KOl novTOxo8v, KOTO Til
oKoTIO TOU '80, anon; KOl YVIKUTIlK Il oOloqJopio YIO
TTl op808n10 KOI Tllv TOU A6you, v OVOIlOTI
AO'lKOqJpOVOC; KOl t;lOWTlOIlOU on861l O TIlA-
oOUVOPTIlTO 11 Tllv KOToPYIlOIl Tile; ouvop8PIlC; KqJo-
paC;, O OVOp8pWTIl 1l0vOOOnOlll1l8vWV
mOIlWV,
ana Tllv TOUe;
KOIVOTIlTO KOI KKOIVW-
VIOll8VWV nA80v nOell-
TlKO ana TO MME.
.KE
J\ITUTHTA-nAHBQPIIMOr
AYTAPXIIMOr-HATO
OC EIAPTliIH-Vnln-A IA
,-I ... __''''''' t_T""-,--M_'_.
Oi 66 KOTOlilKoo600v dc; OiWVIOV KOAQQlV.....
fi\QITA A<PPIZOYIA KENOEIIQI
c'OuO! &brpasav aflapniflaw xwpiq va flCCavOl/uouv ()I'
aimi, auwi Oa xawi5lxaoOoiJv Eiq niv aiomov XO).UflIV.
Kai Oa owOoiJv aoO! va alroq>VyollV niv
aflat!rlav, IrO)flOVV xai ,T/?OOJWOoiJv va flT/v rove; mlf!a-
aVP'l 0 ,TOV'lt!o;.
'0 EWnTt!, 1223 (2.1987).
Tooo {l(!WflEflOi xai anaiOWI xai raOlE<; v.fLvlr;, {It!Wfl'
(!ir; xai awjOlxEq ()WxaEVOvv /lETaSU nov
arpdwv onaMjJV WV<;! .Mom avOpwJrol fli VOO1){Jry rpa
naoia, xai Jrwpwflrn/ Oa
va flla drow JVOOJJ'I xai fJM
orp'l/lTJ
!.J\<hltQo;roJ.Hos Auyxabli,
XtJ.wuuxai amhat, 1982, u. 66.
ilEIOTPonH O:::YCPQNIA . KENOAMH
TAYTOAOf'IA DAcDi\AZOYIA MErMOITOMIA
Avut but rov xvbalOrawv Ea/lir'lv EI%EAwW) xai
Eipu).},o. rov, oJroia EnpOXElm va flii<; (JE(!prpw(hT ano
1"0 'EOVlXO fJiarf)o wq b'a dbor; E/lETlitOU
/lE tOV o,'wiov 0 U.XOfllJ x.
VrUfaf}ovaraOEl... , ,7
(Pllli. /W.III'I;<OV all'{/., AJI{I.1946.
(q 'IfI.If KaOTJl'ct!IVr, 1-.4, 95}.
Eav (JVyxt!orryowflEV wtavnjv UUVtEWYflEwjV noJ.lTdav
xai wnoOcrr,owllV w<; vno{laOt!o I' rou
,(EJJ.a", w<; xOlribor; rov rlOaVlhou i)),llvVWV Jrw:v/la
wq, npmEl va ElflE6a {lipawl OTt Il;q AW)q, wq lluhj, (i,q
xpawc;, wq {Ovo<;, EXOflEV W(}Cl rill' opO/il' Oimv tllq Jr(!Or;
ro iJal'lxOv /laq, ro nov va AiY/Tar
P)).a9>
r. r" lTtum.iw t. 2,1968, o. lI5.
'Y:rEQY.OOjJIOV flIjvvfla aiwvlOrl]wq ro O[lVMXQV TOq
TOU 2/ -fltil :r:(JorrraYI/ rij<; 'Iuropiaq nov [lpOaoE:l' ibriJ
TIll' ayia" flv),l/v TII<; 'EJJ.'IVIXijq Ovoiar;, rvi.'Y/lev'l OTa
q>rr,ga Tijq ,jos'l<;.
Er/?auwuxa lVla, 22.3.65.
NE:Kpa 'II/JOlt;: Ktncc; oc Ijlovro
cu6u6oAiac;. Aq>iaCl OliO roy rLwpyo
1979.
iIANNHl:KMIOPHl:
345
H ii\OLLA LHMEPA
TO MEMON THI EAAHNIKHI
ME ra XioVW 0/lWr; 11 tJJ.1fVLid} ayotla /U1'aMoUE xaL
uJC}.WOT/XE uro W(!V XOlVO, tvw 01 era!ticq uO{Jaflfli'av. Ta
n).evraia !Juo I!!Uv/U. d!Ja/lE JC!!wra :r(Jwru mi{Ja Jr:o)M
JC!!oytlallllara va cgc)JJTVi;uvral, tvW X1!xJ-Oipog'luav Xin
lrallTo)J.a eeraJ.ia illJ]VIXIjr;, OlrW; O{JOoytlaiplXoi fJlOtl-
Owrir;, OTJuuvtloi, ypallllarolTTl{Iiq xat ,Tatl0/low. Erpu{Jo-
1I0vrooVvwuav OL yxougou. dEl' xaraAa{Jaivov/lc ri;rorE,
Ji:vE, xaL auro Eival uwuro, lila xal ixouv va /laOovv /lW
via ogoi-oyia. Durouo, ra illJ]vlxa JTfloY{Ja/l/lara ;rUov
riVal /lOvofJpOI'Or;. 01 erU!elEr; ro sipoVl' xaAa, aq;ou
El!Jav Esal{lE:wui aJrortJullara. KUlQor; ..iourov va a:rofJe-
XOoVv xal 01 lraAaloTf:!!ot avrlj r1fV aJC)_1j aAljBt'lu XllI, avri
va &Tirqr; {f,(Imr;, va {JoT/fhjuovv !lT1J 01T/l101J[J-
yia /lIar;xaJiJrE(lT/r; WJlVlid}r; o{JoJ.oyiar;.
8.
to\lltt{IlOOlxOiJRani,
aJtott]v lf'IW' To Blj/la.
I1MIMlpHTIA
'OUOI yw rT/v f.JCI(liJ01; :rou Oa flOUV 01
viE': TEXvoJ.oyiEr; f.,Tavw !lT1J J.oyou:l'ia, xa;.o Oa Ijrav va
J.afJovv wrin/nl TOUr; /lla EIIfJom TTlr; OJvuuEW9> :rov
xvxJ.OipO{JEl /leraSv rwv EJJ.ljvwv X{J'Iurwv TOU Illfemef.
11 ('1{Ja/lllew, !Jl' AarlV/;IOUr; Xa{JUXTljtlEq) Odysw!J1ro{Jd
va :rgL({JaipEl wr; J,OyOTE;(VIXO Xu{Jcyvo;ravx xu! elval
a/lqifJoJ,o av Oa a{JEUEI urovr; Ipu.oJ,oyovr;. 0llo}oyOV-
IJivwr; TO XElpE:VO fival pE:V :rvwllarcofJcq, a}),a xal a{JXf-
rafJJ.U.UIf!71/lo.
fLTOU;raU/lu a:ro TI/ Rapswdw (j'; 0 Doureios Ippos:
Gyrw ap' /Q kmfro fo pshlo me fa gera la lerh / kat/lOnf' oi
E:lIh,les VOUI'O; kai vlasthmoll1l fhn Iyxll. / Moira kakll fOilS
kai pane deka xronia / oi USUS tOilS Isoliroyf/iswl,
pagwsan faxionia. ASloUl/!Jl'iwro Elval on, uV/lipwva
liE Ta iBI/la COU xUPEflVOxw{Jou, 01 1{Jljuur; WC:O{JOL'V va
E_Ti/lfJouv r{JoJrOJTOlwvra[; 1:0 Xd/IEI'O, ro olroio iUJI 'liVE-
WI, w: pa)J.ov f)wvYXflOVW/lEvO r{JOJro, .<roli,Cl/rrwrOl'.
E'flJfl.To Bljpa, 12.2.95.
TA KOMI1IOYTEPIITIKA
To ;roxiTO auro 00 ro E/lJr:},e/lcvra{JoUII< acpov uxava{Jov-
/lE o},e; nr; lJwxCrEr; yw pa1t!OV[; xal xoma{JoU/lE Ta cyx-
ipal).,; uro VT{Jell{J UI.
arrAOI.AllVL01i MaiQT] I1arraywwLcoU.
To T/lr,!Jll aUTO TOU },0YUTlIlXOU Oa UAo;rGI110ci aipOu tJ.iy-
SOl'fJE oler; nr; (jU!'XiTEr; ria roy 10 rwv vJr:o}.oywuhv XOI
oVfI'/t!aljJou/lE roY=eJ.iotpo XW(jIXO uro (T/.).T/{Jo (jiuxo.
A:to'OJv ECj!ll/L To Blj/lo.
MIO DE
KOpT-nOOlaA (EniOlOhIKOliEATapIO, EAEYOV 01 noAo.6TEpOI),
346
De; niJpa II II mtKTaOll Kalil m61wOllTlle; ouvap-
Kuplwe; 11 TllV 0llilaoia TOU AAllVlOIlOU KQl o
npIOXte; anou OV KaTOIKOUOav anOKAIDnKO Yllyvde; Mllva4>w-
VOL Ta AAllVIKO [VQl II YAwooa Tile; avmavoAllnTlle; ypall-
llaTiae;. Tile; nalodae; KQl TWV Euayy-
Alwv. Ila QlWVe; niOlle; Ta MllVIKO II yAwooa Tile; OIO[KllOlle; KQl
TWV l.lnOPlKWV ouvaMaywv, Illa lingua franca. H ou-
vmwe; dX ouvo8dll lOUe; ll11xaVIOIlOUe;
KQl we; tva ollllio KUptaPXlae; o KTTallt-
ve; npLOxte; KUp[We; TWV napaAlWV Tile; MOoydou.
'HTaV YAwooa nplwm']e; Il aKllvo6oAla.
II yAwooa Ilae; 4>a[v1Ql va tX1 anKou8i KQl ana TIe; T-
Aumie; OlaTOmK8e; AITOUpYIK8e; Tile; npovOllie;, EivQl ma ilia
yAwooa onwe; OAe; Ol MAe; KQl un' Tllv tvvola ov Ilnopd
napa va unaKlTQl moue; mKa8oplOIlOUe; Kivoue; nou OUVOOVTQl
Hl poyoo[o TWV OIKOU
WlKOlVWVlOe;. 'ETOl TO Tlle; OIOYPO<)J8TOl a8 auvOpTllall TO
un8p8SVlKO Kat un8pYAwaOlKO 8mKOlVWVlaKO nou Ola-

H Tlle; xwpae; O1llV 'Evwall, aMO KOI Y8VI-
KOT8PO 11 mavoaTOOIl
vc:a KOl O1IlV nopc;[oTile; yAwaaae;. L8 OAoc:va Katn8-
plaaOT8pOUe;
aMO KQl O1IlV c:p8uva) Kuplapxc;[ 11 oyyAOiJ'wvla.
H 8V8Pyoe; 0111 KOl
KOIVOTIlTO anOlT8l IKaVOTIlT8e; 0111 VnOlKlAIl OPOOll
TWV yAwaalKl./JV
o TOU KOIVWVIKOU aUVOAOU O1a KOl 8T8pOKAIl-
Ta WIKOIVWVlaKO aUVT8A8iTal ana TT)V
TIlTa, TOV KOl TIlV Tile;
o 11 8YKOT001aOll aMooanwv
01 8mypaiJ'c:e;, 11 aUYKpOTllOll 018SVOUe; yAwaaae;
TOU Tile; Tile; TWV IlA8KTpOVlKWV unOAO-
ylO1WV, Tile; KQl Tile; UY8lae; aUV8xWe; TO WIKOl-
VWVlaKO n8p16oMOV. HEIKova miOlle; TIlV
npWTOKaS80piaTile; yAwaaae;. HavnnapoS801l 010 ISOY8VEe;
Kat TO 8n8[aaKTO, TO 01K8l0 KQl TO avoiKEIO, TO 8AAIlVlKO Kal TO
Tdv81 va KOl Til KQl Til A81TOUpyl-
8m6po68UOIl Tlle; npoe; TOUe; napaoo-
OlaKO an008KTOUe; KaVOV8e; Tile; 8K<)JOpOe;. Ta "aw01O
8MIlVlKO 08V 8lVOl anapalTIlTll npounoS801l KOl 8nayy8A-

EiVQl <)JUOlKO QOllAO n Sa npOKUl!J81 010 win800 Tile;
AaAIOe; anaTil VEa KOTOO1aall OIYAwaaiae; nou
Ana Til 11 yAwaaa,nou TIlV TaUTOTllTa,
npoanaS81 va aVTlO1aSc;[ aTIl Ana TIlv OA-
All, 11 ayyAOiJ'wv[a wlTux[a
KQl 'Iawe; 11 "naTpwa 11 6aplo
nopaooOll, TIlV va aVTlaTaS8l
aTle; OlQ6pWTlKc:e; m8vc:pY818e; Tile; anOlKIO-
nO(Ilarlc;. nOVTWe; 11 Tile; yAwaaae; 08V
8lVat OUVOTOV va aAw61lTIl xwpie; TIlV TOUTOXPOVll Glan'j-
PTJOIl TTJe; Tlle; A8IToupyiae;.
ORGANOMENl PROSFORA No 1
GV .
IDIKO TELOS TIS EVDOMADOS 1993
TOULAHISTON 30 ATOMA
'EVTuno TOUPIOTIKOU vpa",c1au, Xapo-
- Ta vta<ppaVKaXIWTIKa.
SATON
ENCOREPARLER

-- L: -
-5,:
HKIVOUVOAovia Via oev ivai
0 Victor Hugo 'l'piTTel ana TO ya).},IKO
nou OKOU1. To aTTO Ta !ranglais tX1 Kupluoel Kal
Kal
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
Ka).li, mmr,ctj,XI,JOl'W (}TO I'ovatm/o ltardcore & gemle
m:(!!oli!x6 xrlll,Jar;.
To sfQITxa),a;TW;somlfhinghuge is comillgup,
Via/wIlylJappy
'E\'n.avaynoolll;
AltOt'1v o)J''1),oYQarp[uVEQVLXOU JTEQLO()LY.OU.
KONITANTINOLTIOYKAJ\L\L
347