First Aid and CPR Manual

FIRST AID & CPR MANUAL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Emergency Action Principles............................................................................................................2
Your Own Saety .............................................................................................................................2
Acti!ating t"e Emergency #e$ical System .......................................................................................%
Anatomy & P"ysiology ....................................................................................................................'
Clinical & Biological (eat" ...............................................................................................................)
Pro*lems wit" t"e Airway an$ Breat"ing + Ast"ma ..........................................................................,
Pro*lems wit" t"e Airway an$ Breat"ing + -yper!entilation .............................................................
Pro*lems wit" t"e Airway an$ Breat"ing + Anap"yla/is.................................................................. 01
Pro*lems wit" t"e Airway an$ Breat"ing + C"o2ing ........................................................................ 00
Pro*lems wit" Breat"ing ............................................................................................................... 02
Pro*lems wit" Circulation ............................................................................................................. 0%
-eart Attac2 ................................................................................................................................. 0'
(ei*rillation 3Automate$ E/ternal (ei*rillation 4 AE(5 ................................................................ 06
Stro2e ........................................................................................................................................... 0,
S"oc2 ............................................................................................................................................ 0.
Fainting ........................................................................................................................................ 21
E/ternal Blee$ing .......................................................................................................................... 20
7nternal Blee$ing .......................................................................................................................... 22
Secon$ary Sur!ey ......................................................................................................................... 2%
(ia*etes ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Sei9ures ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Burns ............................................................................................................................................ 2,
-ypot"ermia ................................................................................................................................ %1
Frost Bite ...................................................................................................................................... %0
-eat Emergencies 3-ypert"ermia5 ................................................................................................. %2
Bone an$ :oint in;uries .................................................................................................................. %'
Spinal 7n;uries ............................................................................................................................... %)
Concussions .................................................................................................................................. %)
Poisons ......................................................................................................................................... 81
<a*ies .......................................................................................................................................... 82
Tic2s ............................................................................................................................................. 8%
Sna2e Bites ................................................................................................................................... 88
Emergency C"il$ Birt" ................................................................................................................... 8'
Appen$i/ A ................................................................................................................................... 8)
Appen$i/ B ................................................................................................................................... 8.


E#E<=ENCY ACT7ON P<7 NC7PLES
Th! "r th !t#! th"t you !houl$ "l%"y! follo% $uring "n mrgncy. &"ch of th! !t#! i!
'#l"in$ furthr "! you r"$ through th m"nu"l.
(. M") !ur th "r" i! !"f. F"ilur to $o thi! c"n l"$ to you bcoming in*ur$.
+. Acti,"t th &mrgncy M$ic"l Sy!tm. C"ll -.(.(.
/. Prform th Prim"ry Sur,y 0! "##n$i' B for mor $t"il12
". 3#n th "ir%"y.
b. Chc) for br"thing.
c. St"rt CPR 0"n$ chc) for !,r bl$ing1.
4. Prform " Scon$"ry Sur,y2 chc) for non.lif thr"tning con$ition!.
5. R!t "n$ r"!!ur th c"!u"lty.
6. Monitor "n$ tr"t for !hoc).
YO>< O?N SAFETY
Thr i! no on mor im#ort"nt th"n you. Thi! i! !omthing th"t you mu!t )# in min$ %hn f"c$
%ith " !itu"tion %hr !omon l! n$! hl#. Thi! i! not " !lfi!h !t"tmnt7 in f"ct it8! " !lfl!!
!t"tmnt. It m"n! th"t fir!t you n$ to t") c"r of your!lf bfor you c"n t") c"r of "nyon
l!. Ru!hing into " !itu"tion %ithout fir!t chc)ing for !"fty m"y r!ult in you "l!o bcoming in*ur$
%hich m"n! you %ill not b "bl to hl# th othr #r!on9 "n$ you "r no% "l!o " c"!u"lty.
Bfor ntring " !itu"tion you mu!t m") !ur th"t thr "r no $"ngr! th"t c"n h"rm you9 othr
by!t"n$r!9 or th c"!u"lty. Som of th thing! to chc) for inclu$7
Fir! or #otnti"l fir!
Fum! or !mo)
F"lling ob*ct!
Bro)n gl"!! on th floor %hr you8ll b l"ning
&lctric"l %ir!:!ourc!
3ncoming tr"ffic if on th ro"$
If thr "r $"ngr! you h", thr #o!!ibl choic!. ;ou c"n ithr go "n$ gt hl# imm$i"tly "n$
not gt "ny clo!r. ;ou c"n mo, th c"!u"lty "%"y from $"ngr9 or you c"n limin"t th $"ngr if
you c"n $o !o !"fly 0.g. o#n %in$o%! to '#l fum!1.
Rmmbr9 if you gt hurt you "r not going to b "bl to hl# "nyon l!.


ACT7@AT7N= T-E E#E<=ENCY #E(7 CAL SYSTE#
Don8t h!it"t to gt hl# %hn !omon i! hurt. In mo!t citi! th b!t "n$ f"!t!t %"y to gt hl# i!
to c"ll -.(.(. By c"lling thi! numbr you %ill b "cti,"ting th &mrgncy M$ic"l Sy!tm9 "l!o )no%n
"! &MS. Thi! !r,ic %ill gt you th #olic9 th fir $#"rtmnt9 "n$ th #"r"m$ic!. Although th
#"r"m$ic! "r th b!t tr"in$ for m$ic"l mrgnci!9 "ll "r tr"in$ to "$mini!tr fir!t "i$9 "n$
c"n b of "!!i!t"nc.
<hn "cti,"ting th &MS !t"y c"lm "n$ "n!%r th =u!tion! th"t th $i!#"tchr %ill "!). Thy n$
to )no% thing! !uch "! %hr you "r9 %h"t h"##n$9 ho% m"ny #o#l "r hurt9 "n$ %ho i! $oing
fir!t "i$. <hn thy h", fini!h$ "!)ing you =u!tion! thn thy %ill tll you to h"ng u#9 $on8t $o !o
until thy "r $on t"l)ing to you.
;ou c"n c"ll -.(.( from "ny #hon th"t h"! "n out!i$ lin9 !uch "! " #ublic #hon9 " cll #hon9 your
hom #hon9 your %or) #hon9 tc. If th #hon you "r u!ing $o! not h", " $irct lin to th
out!i$ thn you m"y h", to #r!! " !#ci"l numbr fir!t9 !uch "! >-? "n$ thn $i"l th mrgncy
numbr. If you "r u!ing " #ublic #hon it i! fr to $i"l -.(.(9 you $on8t n$ " =u"rtr.
<hn u!ing " rgul"r l"n$ lin th #hon c"n "!ily b tr"c$ "n$ th #"r"m$ic! %ill )no% %hr
you "r c"lling from. But9 *u!t to b !"f gi, thm your loc"tion "ny%"y. If u!ing " cll #hon thy
m"y b "bl to tri"ngul"t your loc"tion but %ill #rob"bly not )no% '"ctly %hr you "r !o you %ill
h", to #ro,i$ thi! inform"tion "! "ccur"tly "! you c"n.
If th "r" you "r in $o! not h", th -.(.( !r,ic thn you !houl$ )no% th mrgncy numbr
for th"t "r"9 or $i"l @ro "n$ go through th o#r"tor.
Rmmbr9 !t"y c"lm "n$ "n!%r thir =u!tion!. Th &MS $i!#"tchr! "r ,ry %ll tr"in$ to h"n$l
th! )in$! of !itu"tion!.
Somtim! thr i! " f for c"lling -.(.(. But9 thi! %ill b bt%n th &MS "n$ th #r!on %ho %"!
in*ur$. During "n mrgncy you !houl$ not b concrn$ %ith minor $t"il!7 your #rim"ry concrn
i! to hl# th in*ur$ #r!on.


Thr i! no #n"lty for you "! " r!cur for c"lling th &MS9 "! long "! you thought it %"! "n
mrgncy. Do not c"ll -.(.( for !itu"tion! %hich "r not "n mrgncy. Som '"m#l! of "n
mrgncy inclu$2
Fir!
Thft! in #rogr!!
Ahicul"r "cci$nt! %hr !omon i! hurt
M$ic"l mrgnci!
IC&2 thi! !t"n$! for In C"! of &mrgncy. It i! !omthing th"t h"! rcntly bgun "n$ m"ny #o#l "r
$oing it. In c"! you "r in*ur$ it i! r"lly hl#ful for th #olic if thy )no% %ho to cont"ct 0.g.
f"mily mmbr!1. So9 on your cll #hon you !houl$ l"bl " cou#l of im#ort"nt #hon numbr! "!
>IC&? thi! %"y th #olic %ill )no% th"t th! "r th #o#l "r th on! to cont"ct. 3thr%i! thy
n$ to !ift9 "n$ #o!!ibl c"ll9 m"ny numbr! on your cont"ct li!t.


ANATO#Y & P-YS7OLO=Y
R&SPI RAT3R; S;ST&M
Thi! i! m"$ u# of your mouth9 no!9 thro"t9 "ir #"!!"g!9 "n$ lung!. Th m"in #ur#o! of thi! !y!tm
i! to bring fr!h "ir into your bo$y "n$ th gt ri$ of u!$ u# "ir. Th r!#ir"tory !y!tm c"n gt into
troubl if th #r!on c"n8t br"th #ro#rly.
CIRCULAT3R; S;ST&M
Thi! i! m"$ u# of your h"rt "n$ bloo$ ,!!l!. Th h"rt i! r!#on!ibl for #um#ing bloo$
throughout your bo$y. Th bloo$ cont"in! th fr!h "ir %hich %"! obt"in$ from your lung!. Th
bloo$ "l!o bring! u!$ "ir b"c) to th lung! to b br"th$ out. A! you c"n im"gin9 th r!#ir"tory
"n$ th circul"tory !y!tm! %or) ,ry clo!ly togthr. <hn thr i! " #roblm %ith on it u!u"lly
c"u!! " #roblm %ith th othr.
Th h"rt i! " ,ry !#ci"l org"n. It h"! it! o%n lctric"l !y!tm. It i! m"$ of " mu!cl c"ll$ th
myoc"r$ium %hich c"n tr"n!mit lctric"l !ign"l!. Bu!t li) "ny othr ti!!u it r=uir! o'ygn to %or)
#ro#rly. Th h"rt gt! o'ygn through it! ,ry o%n circul"tory !y!tm c"ll$ th coron"ry "rtri!.
Th! "rtri! intrt%in throughout th myoc"r$ium to !u##ly th ti!!u %ith fr!h o'ygn. It i!
%hn thr i! " #roblm %ith th coron"ry "rtri!9 or %ith th lctric"l !y!tm9 th"t " #r!on m"y
h", " h"rt "tt"c).
Som thing! th"t c"n c"u! " #roblm %ith th r!#ir"tory "n$ circul"tory !y!tm!2
Cho)ing
Allrgi! %hich c"u! !%lling to th thro"t
A!thm"
Cy#r,ntil"tion
C"rt "tt"c)
Suffoc"tion
Smo) inh"l"tion
Dro%ning
Phy!ic"l in*uri! to th "ir%"y 0mouth9 thro"t9 lung!9 rib!1
C"rt "tt"c)
Stro)!
Bl$ing
Shoc)
Mo!t of th! to#ic! %ill b co,r$ "! % go "long through th boo).


Som of th othr bo$y !y!tm! inclu$2
Th nr,ou! !y!tm9 %hich i! r!#on!ibl for !n!ing ,rything "roun$ you9 controlling "ll
your mo,mnt! "n$ "ll your org"n!.
Th !)in9 %hich i! your #rotction from th n,ironmnt. Th !)in "l!o hl#! control your
bo$y tm#r"tur.
Th immun !y!tm %hich #rotct! your bo$y from h"rmful #"thogn!. 3cc"!ion"lly th
immun !y!tm Do,r r"ct!8 %hich c"n l"$ to "n"#hyl"ctic !hoc).
Rmmbr9 th"t "ll !y!tm! n$ to function #ro#rly. <hn thr i! " #roblm %ith on of th
!y!tm it u!u"lly c"u!! #roblm! %ith th othr !y!tm!.


CL7 N7CAL & B7OLO=7 CAL (EAT-
CLI NICAL D&ATC
Thi! i! %hn !omon8! lung! "n$ th h"rt !to# %or)ing. U!u"lly th lung! %ill !to# fir!t thn !hortly
"ftr th"t th h"rt %ill !to# "! %ll. All li,ing ti!!u in th bo$y n$! o'ygn to !ur,i,. Bc"u! of
thi! tr"ting clinic"l $"th i! ,it"l to )#ing th org"n! "li,.
BI3L3EICAL D&ATC
Thi! i! %hn br"in cll! bgin to $i bc"u! of l"c) of o'ygn. 3nc th bo$y $o! not h", o'ygn it
t")! "bout 4.6 minut! until br"in cll! bgin to $i. Aftr "bout (F minut! %ithout "ir thr i! "
high ch"nc of irr,r!ibl br"in $"m"g.
Notes:
3ur go"l "! fir!t "i$r! i! to #r,nt biologic"l $"th by gtting hl# for th #r!on "! !oon "!
#o!!ibl9 "n$ #rforming CPR if th c"!u"lty bcom! uncon!ciou! "n$ thir br"thing !to#!.
Rmmbr9 "! fir!t "i$r! % %ill not )no% if thy h", br"in $"m"g !o % mu!t $o
,rything % c"n to hl# thm. < "r not "llo%$ to $ci$ if !omon i! biologic"lly $"$
or not. &,n #"r"m$ic! %ill $o ,rything thy c"n to !", !omon9 until thy "r tol$ to
!to# by " m$ic"l $octor9 %hich i! th only on %ho c"n #ronounc !om biologic"lly $"$.


P<OBLE#S ?7T- T-E A7<?AY AN( B<EAT-7N= + AST-#A
D&FINITI3N
A!thm" i! " $i!"! th"t you c"n b born %ith or $,lo# l"tr on in lif. Som #o#l outgro% it
"! thy gt ol$r. <hn !omon h"! "n "!thm" "tt"c) thir "ir #"!!"g! bcom ,ry tight9 thy
!#"!m9 "n$ !crt mucou!. Thi! m")! it ,ry $ifficult to br"th. U!u"lly br"thing out m"y b
mor $ifficult th"n br"thing in.
CAUS&S
Phy!ic"l 'rtion9 motion"l !tr!!9 irrit"nt! in th "ir !uch "! $u!t or !mo)9 col$ $ry "ir9 or hot
humi$ "ir.

<ARNINE SIENS
Th #r!on %ill b g"!#ing for "ir9 thr %ill b %h@ing !oun$!9 thy %ill "##"r %") "n$ tir$9
thy %ill b "n'iou!9 "n$ %ill bcom uncon!ciou! if th con$ition %or!n!.
C&LPI NE
Fin$ out if thy "r h",ing "n "!thm" "tt"c) by "!)ing thm. Cl# thm t") thir m$ic"tion. But
rmmbr th"t you "r not "llo%$ to "$mini!tr it. All you c"n $o i! hl# thm t") it. Cl#
thm mo, "%"y from th c"u! of th "!thm" "tt"c). Acti,"t th &MS if th m$ic"tion
$o!n8t hl# or thy bcom %or!t.
Notes2
Thr "r $iffrnt ty#! of m$ic"tion but thy "ll in,ol, !#r"ying of th m$icin into th
mouth. Anyon %ith "!thm" !houl$ "l%"y! b %"ring thir m$ic "lrt t"g9 "n$ !houl$ "l%"y!
h", thir m$ic"tion %ith thm.
Chil$rn m"y n$ %h"t8! c"ll$ " !#"cr to "!!i!t thm in t")ing thir m$ic"tion. Thi! i! "
#l"!tic tub th"t i! "tt"ch$ to thir #uffr on on n$9 "n$ " m"!) on th othr n$. Thi! i!
n$$ bc"u! chil$rn m"y not h", l"rn$ yt ho% to control thir br"th9 %hich i! n$$
to inh"l $irctly from th #uffr.

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P<OBLE#S ?7T- T-E A7<?AY AN( B<EAT-7N= + -YPE<@ENT7LAT7ON
D&FINITI3N
Cy#r,ntil"tion i! %hn !omon i! t")ing in mor o'ygn th"n thy r"lly n$. Thi! c"u!! "n
imb"l"nc of th ,"riou! g"!! in your bo$y. Although it m"y !oun$ goo$ to gt in mor o'ygn9
in f"ct it i! not9 "n$ c"n c"u! h",oc %ith th br"thing mch"ni!m.
CAUS&S
A #r!on m"y hy#r,ntil"t bc"u! of "n'ity9 motion"l !tr!!9 or by $oing it on #ur#o! by
br"thing too f"!t.
<ARNINE SIENS
Th #r!on %ill b br"thing too f"!t9 thy %ill loo) "n'iou!9 %")9 tir$9 "n$ thy %ill bcom
uncon!ciou! if th con$ition continu!.
C&LPI NE
Cl# mo, th #r!on "%"y from th c"u! 0.g. %"tching "n "cci$nt !cn19 t"l) "n$ r"!!ur
thm9 h", thm !it $o%n9 "!) thm to br"th %ith you !o thy %ill !lo% $o%n thir br"thing
r"t. If th con$ition continu! thn you n$ to "cti,"t th &MS bc"u! thi! c"n r!ult in
uncon!ciou!n!!.
Notes2
Do not h", thm br"th into " #"#r b"g thi! %ill only m") thm much mor "n'iou!. Do not
l", thm "lon "! thy m"y bcom uncon!ciou! "n$ !to# br"thing.

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P<OBLE#S ?7T- T-E A7<?AY AN( B<EAT-7N= + ANAP-YLAA7S
D&FINITI3N
An o,r.r"ction of th bo$y8! immun !y!tm9 %hr $iffrnt chmic"l! "r rl"!$ to try "n$
$!troy th #rci,$ in,"$r.
CAUS&S
M$ic"tion9 foo$! 0.g. gg!9 nut!9 )i%i!9 !tr"%brri!9 !" foo$9 tc19 #rfum! "n$ !o"#!.
<ARNINE SIENS
Thr %ill b r$n!!9 hi,!9 "n$ itchin!! in th "r". Thr %ill "l!o b !%lling %hich c"n b lif
thr"tning if thi! i! n"r th thro"t or f"c bc"u! it c"n r!trict br"thing.
Uncon!ciou!n!!.
C&LPI NE
Imm$i"tly rmo, th #r!on from th c"u!. Acti,"t th &MS imm$i"tly. A!!i!t thm in
t")ing thir m$ic"tion 0&#i.Pn1.
Th #i.#n i! in*ct$ in th u##r thigh9 %hr thr i! #lnty of ti!!u "n$ bloo$ flo%. Fir!t9
th to# !"fty c"# n$! to b rmo,$ %hich "llo% th !#ring in!i$ th tub to %or) onc th
#i.#n i! thru!t into th lg mu!cl. 3nc in*ct$ th #i.#n !houl$ b hl$ in #l"c for "bout
+F !con$! to m") !ur "ll th m$icin ntr! th ti!!u.
Thi! n$l i! " !ingl $o!9 m"ning you c"nnot u! th !"m n$l mor th"n onc.
If th #r!on h"! " !con$ #i.#n9 $o not u! it until th !ym#tom! rturn.
Notes2
Thir m$ic"tion %ill hl# control th !%lling. Th &MS mu!t b "cti,"t$ ,n if thy h",
m$ic"tion bc"u! it %ill only l"!t for "bout (F.(5 minut!. Po#l c"n $,lo# "llrgi! "t "ny
tim throughout thir li,!.


P<OBLE#S ?7T- T-E A7<?AY AN( B<EAT-7N= + C-OB7N=
D&FINITI3N
Thi! i! %hr !omthing i! !tuc) in your thro"t "n$ you "r h",ing troubl br"thing. It c"n b "
#"rti"l ob!truction %hr you c"n !till cough "n$ br"th9 or it c"n b com#lt %hr you c"nnot
br"th "t "ll.
CAUS&S
&"ting too f"!t9 !%"llo%ing %ithout ch%ing9 l"ughing "n$ t"l)ing %hil "ting. For chil$rn "n$
inf"nt! !om othr common c"u!! inclu$ bro)n b"lloon #ic!9 toy!9 "n$ othr ob*ct! th"t
thy m"y fin$ lying "roun$.
<ARNINE SIENS
If it8! " #"rti"l ob!truction th #r!on %ill b "ttm#ting to rmo, th ob*ct by coughing. If it8!
" com#lt ob!truction th #r!on %ill not b "bl to cough9 thy %ill b turning blu9 thy %ill
loo) !c"r$.
C&LPI NE
If it8! " #"rti"l ob!truction *u!t !t"y %ith th #r!on "n$ ncour"g thm to )# coughing. If you
thin) it8! gtting %or! thn gt hl#. If it8! " com#lt ob!truction thn you n$ to $o
"b$omin"l thru!t 0ch!t thru!t! if thy "r #rgn"nt or too l"rg for you to gt your "rm! "roun$
thm1.Continu th thru!t! until th ob*ct! com! out or th #r!on bcom! uncon!ciou!.
Notes2
Th #r"ctic"l com#onnt! "r '#l"in$ furthr in "##n$i' A.


P<OBLE#S ?7T- B<EAT-7N=
Th im#ort"nt thing to rmmbr i! th"t "ny #roblm! %ith th "ir%"y %ill c"u! " #roblm %ith
br"thing. An$ thi! c"n bcom lif thr"tning.
R&SPI RAT3R; DISTR&SS
Thi! i! %hr th c"!u"lty i! !till "bl to br"th9 but i! h",ing #roblm! $oing !o.
R&SPI RAT3R; ARR&ST
Thi! i! %hr br"thing h"! !to##$ "ll togthr9 "n$ it i! no% "n mrgncy. Th c"!u"lty m"y
!till b con!ciou! or m"y b uncon!ciou!.
R&SCU& BR&ATCINE
If th c"!u"lty h"! bcom uncon!ciou! thn you mu!t bgin CPR. Rfr to "##n$i' A for th
$t"il$ !t#!.


P<OBLE#S ?7T- C7<C>LAT7ON
Circul"tion rfr! to bloo$ circul"ting throughout th bo$y. Th m"*or c"u! of circul"tion #roblm! i!
u!u"lly " h"rt "tt"c)9 but c"n "l!o b c"u!$ by in*ury9 br"thing #roblm!9 !hoc)9 tc. If th #r!on i!
not br"thing th"n circul"tion %ill "l!o !to#9 thrfor9 CPR mu!t b !t"rt$ "! !oon "! #o!!ibl. Th
#r"ctic"l com#onnt! "r '#l"in$ furthr in "##n$i' A.
BL33D A&SS&L DIS&AS&
Thi! i! !omtim! rfrr$ to "! coron"ry "rtry $i!"!9 c"r$io,"!cul"r $i!"!9 h"rt $i!"!9
"thro!clro!i!9 "rtrio!clro!i!. But9 th bottom lin i! th"t it "ll m"n! th !"m thing.
D&FINITI3N
It !im#ly rfr! to th n"rro%ing of th bloo$ ,!!l! by #l"=u buil$u#. Thi! %ill c"u! #oor
bloo$ flo% to "ny #"rt of th bo$y9 inclu$ing th h"rt %hich c"n c"u! " h"rt "tt"c)9 or th
br"in %hich c"n c"u! " !tro). In th c"! of " h"rt "tt"c) th bloo$ ,!!l! 0coron"ry "rtri!1
h", bcom bloc)$ "n$ no longr "llo% bloo$ to flo% through to th h"rt mu!cl. A! " r!ult
th h"rt mu!cl! c"nnot function #ro#rly "n$ %ill !oon $i.
CAUS&S
Th c"u!! "r rfrr$ to "! Ri!) F"ctor!. Thr "r t%o c"tgori!2
Non.Mo$ifi"bl Ri!) F"ctor!9 m"ning you c"nnot control th!. Thy inclu$7 "g9 gn$r 0m"l
or fm"l19 ty# I $i"bt!9 hr$ity:gntic!.
Mo$ifi"bl Ri!) F"ctor!9 m"ning you c"n control th!. Thy inclu$2 !mo)ing9 ob!ity9
!$nt"ry lif !tyl9 high bloo$ #r!!ur:hy#rtn!ion9 "n$ $it 0.g. f"t:chol!trol int")1.
M3R& 3N RISG FACT3RS
Ag2 "! % gt ol$r thr i! " biggr ri!) of h"rt $i!"! !im#ly bc"u! %8, h"$ mor tim to
$"m"g our bo$i!.
En$r2 mn h", " highr ch"nc for t%o m"in r"!on!2
Mn c"rry 'c!! f"t highr u# in th bo$i! %hich "ffct! intrn"l org"n!. Th blif i!
th"t thi! c"u!! highr bloo$ !ug"r "n$ highr chol!trol.
&!trogn 0%hich mn $on8t h",1 h"! bn !ho%n to r$uc th ch"nc of h"rt $i!"! in
%omn.
Di"bt!2 thi! $i!"!9 o,r y"r!9 %ill c"u! $"m"g to !m"ll bloo$ ,!!l! %hich "ffct!
circul"tion. Thi! c"n l"$ to h"rt $i!"!9 )i$ny f"ilur9 blin$n!!9 "n$ "m#ut"tion!.


Entic!2 "! unf"ir "! thi! m"y !m thr "r !om #o#l gntic"lly #r$i!#o!$ to $,lo#ing
h"rt $i!"!. If h"rt $i!"! h"! bn " #roblm %ith ol$r f"mily mmbr! thn thi! m"y "l!o
b " #roblm for you.
Smo)ing2 thr i! no $oubt th"t !mo)ing i! h"rmful. <h"t !om #o#l $on8t r"li@ i! th"t it i!
not *u!t " ri!) for lung c"ncr. Th #oi!onou! chmic"l! in !mo)ing "r "b!orb$ by th bloo$ "n$
c"rri$ throughout th bo$y. Th! #oi!onou! chmic"l! c"u! high bloo$ #r!!ur9 c"u! your
"rtri! to bcom ,ry !tiff9 "n$ c"u! #l"=u to buil$ u# in th "rtri!.
3b!ity2 h",ing 'c!! f"t #ut! " lot of !tr!! on your bo$y. It "l!o c"u!! high bloo$ #r!!ur9
high triglycri$!9 "n$ i! "!!oci"t$ %ith high !ug"r l,l! in th bloo$. Lo!ing 'c!! f"t i! not
"!y but follo%ing " h"lthy "ting !tyl "n$ bing #hy!ic"lly "cti, i! th b!t "##ro"ch.
S$nt"ry lif!tyl2 &'rci! i! on of th b!t thing! you c"n $o for your bo$y. It !trngthn! th
h"rt mu!cl9 lo%r! bloo$ #r!!ur9 control! 'c!! c"lori! from bing !tor$ "! f"t9 !trngthn!
bon! "n$ mu!cl!9 tc. To !t"y h"lthy 'rci! !houl$ b $on "lmo!t $"ily. So9 go for " %"l)9
*og9 !%im9 #l"y tnni!9 !=u"!h9 $o "n "robic cl"!!9 tc. <h"t,r you n$ to $o to gt your bo$y
mo,ing.
Cigh bloo$ #r!!ur 0CBP12 thi! i! $fin$ "! th forc th bloo$ i! 'rting on your "rtri! "! it
flo%! through thm. It i! "l!o c"ll$ hy#rtn!ion. If th #r!!ur i! too gr"t th bloo$ ,!!l!
!trtch byon$ thir c"#"city %hich %ill l"$ to !m"ll cr"c)!. Th! !m"ll cr"c)! "r %oun$! %hich
mu!t h"l. Thi! m"n! th"t "! thy h"l thr m"y b !c"r ti!!u th"t $,lo#! in th "r" %hich
m"y im#$ bloo$ flo%. 3r9 if #r!!ur i! too high9 th bloo$ ,!!l m"y !im#ly bur!t c"u!ing "n
"nury!m. D!#it contr"ry blif thr "r no %"rning !ign! for CBP 'c#t to h", it chc)$ by
your #hy!ici"n "t l"!t onc " y"r.
Poor $it2 mo!t #o#l in North Amric" h", #oor "ting h"bit!. <"y too much #roc!!$9
rfin$9 "n$ high !"tur"t$.f"t foo$!9 too much !ug"r9 tc. An$9 not n"rly nough fr!h fruit! "n$
,gt"bl!. Poor $it! c"n "!ily l"$ to high chol!trol9 ob!ity9 CBP9 ty# + $i"bt!9 tc.
Th mor ri!) f"ctor! you h", th highr your ch"nc of $,lo#ing bloo$ ,!!l $i!"!. Thr i! no
cur for bloo$ ,!!l $i!"!. Th"t i! %hy it i! !o im#ort"nt to !t"rt rgul"r lif !tyl h"bit! "rly on.
CPR
Th n% +FF6 gui$lin! !t"t th"t if "n uncon!ciou! #r!on h"! !to##$ br"thing you mu!t
bgin CPR. Th r"!on for thi! i! th"t %hn br"thing !to#! th h"rt %ill "l!o !to# !oon "ftr. So9
CPR i! n$$ to )# th bloo$ mo,ing throughout th bo$y.


-EA<T ATTACB
<ARNINE SIENS
P"in:tightn!!:numbn!! in th !houl$r!9 "rm!9 nc)9 b"c)9 ch!t.
Blui!h9 #"l !)in.
R"#i$ but %") #ul!.
Sh"llo% r"#i$ br"thing.
N"u!" or ,omiting.
Uncon!ciou!n!! 0rfr to "##n$i' for !t#! to t")1.
Th! %"rning !ign! m"y com "n$ go. &,n if th %"rning !ign! $i!"##"r thi! #r!on m"y !till
b h",ing " h"rt "tt"c) "n$ !till n$ imm$i"t hl#.
C&LPI NE
Cl# thm gt in " comfort"bl #o!ition9 m") !ur thy "r r!ting.
Acti,"t th &MS.
R"!!ur thm th"t hl# i! on th %"y.
Chc) for m$ic"l hi!tory of " !imil"r #roblm9 "! thy m"y h", m$ic"tion 0but only "!!i!t9 $o
not "$mini!tr m$ic"tion1.
o Angin" i! " con$ition of #"rti"l bloc)"g of th "rtri! f$ing th h"rt mu!cl. If thy
!"y thy h", thi! con$ition thn hl# thm t") thir m$ic"tion 0nitroglycrin1.
o Thi! m$ic"tion %ill hl# $il"t th bloo$ ,!!l! !o mor bloo$ c"n flo% through.
o If thy h", t")n "ny rctil.$y!function m$ic"tion %ithin th l"!t 4H hour! thy
!houl$ not t") nitroglycrin bc"u! both m$icin! h", " !imil"r "ffct 0bloo$ ,!!l
$il"tion1 %hich c"n l"$ to ,ry lo% bloo$ #r!!ur9 uncon!ciou!n!!9 "n$ $"th. A!) fir!tI
If thy %i!h9 thy m"y t") on B"yr A!#irin9 "! thi! m"y #r,nt furthr $"m"g to th h"rt
mu!cl. Not9 if thy h", "!thm" thy m"y b "llrgic to "!#irin J "!) fir!tI
Do not gi, thm "nything to "t or $rin).
St"y %ith thm "ll th tim "n$ comfort thm.
Notes2
It i! 'trmly common for #o#l to ignor th %"rning !ign! of " h"rt "tt"c). Unfortun"tly9
thi! i! on r"!on %hy !o m"ny #o#l $i from thi! $i!"! J bc"u! thy $on8t gt hl# !oon
nough. A! " fir!t r!#on$r it i! your *ob to "cti,"t th &MS "! !oon "! #o!!ibl.


(EF7B<7LLAT7ON 3A>TO#ATE( EATE<NAL (EF7B<7LLAT7ON 4 AE(5
Fibrill"tion i! %h"t h"##n! in HFK of th c"!! %hn !omon i! uncon!ciou! from " h"rt "tt"c).
Thi! i! " con$ition %hr thr i! !till lctric"l "cti,ity in th h"rt9 but it i! ,ry irrgul"r "n$ rr"tic.
A! " r!ult9 th h"rt i! not %or)ing #ro#rly to cr"t circul"tion.
An Autom"t$ &'trn"l Dfibrill"tor 0A&D1 i! " m"chin th"t i! $!ign$ to "$mini!tr "n lctric
!hoc). Th conc#t bhin$ thi! i! th"t th !hoc) %ill momnt"rily c"u! th h"rt8! lctric"l !y!tm
to !to#9 "n$ thn it %ill bgin to %or) "g"in %ith " rgul"r rhythm. Th m"in r"!on thi! %or)! i!
bc"u! th h"rt h"! it! o%n9 !lf.!u!t"ining9 lctric"l !y!tm.
A $fibrill"tor c"n $tct lctric"l !ign"l! from th h"rt "n$ $trmin if " !hoc) %oul$ bnfit th
#r!on. Th m"in f"ctor i! %hthr or not th h"rt i! fibrill"ting. If th lctric"l rhythm i! norm"l9 or
thr i! no lctric"l "cti,ity "t "ll9 thn th m"chin %ill not !hoc).
A&D! "r no% bcoming mor common in our !ocity9 "! thy h", bn !ho%n to !", m"ny li,! if
thy "r u!$ on th !#ot by tr"in$ by!t"n$r!9 bfor th #"r"m$ic! "rri,. Th )y to thi!
lif!",ing m"chin i! th"t it mu!t b "$mini!tr$ "! !oon "! #o!!ibl9 bc"u! th c"!u"lty8! ch"nc
of bing !",$ $cr"!! by "bout (FK %ith ,ry minut of $l"y. CPR i! !till "n im#ort"nt
com#onnt in hl#ing !omon %ith no !ign! of circul"tion.
How to use a defibrillator:
Th! m"chin! !houl$ only b u!$ on "n uncon!ciou! non.br"thing #r!on. Thy "r $!ign$
for "$ult "n$ chil$rn o,r +5)g in %ight.
B"r th #r!on8! ch!t. Rmo, "ll clothing9 inclu$ing br"! "n$ *%lr. If n$$ !h", th "r"!
%hr th #"$! %ill b #l"c$.
Rmo, th co,ring from th #"$! "n$ #l"c on #"$ on th right h"n$ !i$ bt%n th
!houl$r "n$ th nc)9 *u!t o,r th coll"rbon. Pl"c th !con$ #"$ on th lft !i$ "bout /
inch! blo% th lft br"!t o,r th rib!. Loo) "t th $i"gr"m! on th #"$! for mor info.
Plug th #"$! into th m"chin.
Turn th m"chin on.
3nc th m"chin i! on follo% th m"chin8! in!truction! fully. It %ill tll you '"ctly %h"t to $o.
Fir!t9 th m"chin %ill "n"ly@ th h"rt8! lctric"l "cti,ity. It %ill $o thi! ,ry t%o minut!
rg"r$l!! of %h"t h"##n! n't.
If th m"chin $tct! " non.!hoc)"bl rhythm thn th m"chin %ill tll you to bgin CPR. In th
m"ntim it %ill gi, you " t%o minut count $o%n9 "t %hich #oint it %ill r."n"ly@.
If th m"chin $tct! " !hoc)"bl rhythm it %ill bgin to ch"rg. <hn it i! r"$y it %ill tll you to
$li,r " !hoc). ;ou $o thi! by !im#ly #u!hing th !hoc) button.
Bfor $li,ring th !hoc) m") !ur no on9 inclu$ing you9 i! touching th #r!on9 "! thi! i!
lctricity "n$ c"n b ,ry $"ngrou!.


Aftr th !hoc) th m"chin %ill tll you to bgin CPR. In th m"ntim it %ill gi, you " t%o
minut count $o%n9 "t %hich #oint it %ill r."n"ly@.
Thi! #roc!! %ill b r#"t$ to " m"'imum of - tim!. At %hich #oint th m"chin %ill not !hoc)
"g"in. But9 if n$$9 continu CPR until #"r"m$ic! "rri,.
Note:
3nc th m"chin i! on $o not turn it off.
M"chin! rcor$ ,oic! for l"rning "n$ !t"ti!tic"l #ur#o!!.
Th b"ttry i! lithium "n$ l"!t! " ,ry long tim 0u!u"lly gu"r"nt$ u# to / y"r!1.
M"chin! $o " $"ily9 %)ly9 "n$ monthly !lf t!t!. If thr i! " #roblm thy %ill u!u"lly mit "
b#ing noi!.
Mo!t m"chin! %ill h", "n 'tr" !t of lctric"l #"$!9 " #"ir of !ci!!or!9 "n$ " r"@or.


ST<OBE
WARNING SIGNS
Numbn!!9 tingling9 #"r"ly!i! on on !i$ of th bo$y9 'trmiti!9 h"n$!9 "n$ ft.
Slurr$ !#ch9 not m")ing !n!.
Troubl un$r!t"n$ing you.
Un,n #u#il!.
N"u!" or ,omiting.
Dcr"!$ l,l of con!ciou!n!!.
HELPING
Cl# thm gt in " comfort"bl #o!ition on thir !i$9 m") !ur thy "r r!ting.
Acti,"t th &MS.
R"!!ur thm th"t hl# i! on th %"y.
G# thm %"rm %ith " bl"n)t.
Do not gi, thm "nything to "t or $rin).
St"y %ith thm "ll th tim "n$ comfort thm.
Notes2
It i! 'trmly common for #o#l to ignor th %"rning !ign! of " !tro). Unfortun"tly9 thi! i!
on r"!on %hy !o m"ny #o#l $i from thi! $i!"! J bc"u! thy $on8t gt hl# !oon nough.
A! " fir!t r!#on$r9 it i! your *ob to "cti,"t th &MS "! !oon "! #o!!ibl. Somtim! " !tro) i!
c"ll$ Crbr"l A"!cul"r Acci$nt 0CAA1. Mini !tro) i! " con$ition %hr th c"!u"lty
'#rinc! !imil"r %"rning !ign! "! th"t of " !tro)9 but th! %"rning !ign! go "%"y on thir
o%n. Thi! i! " %"rning !ign th"t " !riou! !tro) m"y occur "n$ th #r!on n$! m$ic"l hl#
imm$i"tly. Thi! con$ition i! !omtim! c"ll$ Tr"n!int I!chmic Att"c) 0TIA1.


S-OCB
DEFINITION
Poor circul"tion to th ,it"l org"n!.
CASES
Dil"t$ bloo$ ,!!l!9 bl$ing9 "n$ !,r $hy$r"tion9 "ll l"$ing to " $ro# in bloo$ #r!!ur9
%hich r!ult! in #oor circul"tion. Th! c"n b c"u!$ by !,r motion"l tr"um"9 #hy!ic"l
in*ury9 illn!!9 tc.
WARNING SIGNS
Unu!u"l bh",ior 0.g. ,ry c"lm or ,ry "n'iou!19 l"c) of #"in to "n in*ury9 r"#i$ br"thing9 r"#i$
but %") #ul!9 blui!h !)in 0cy"no!i!19 uncon!ciou!n!!.
HELPING
Acti,"t th &MS right "%"y. A!!i!t th #r!on to li on thir !i$ to im#ro, circul"tion9 tr"t
"ny in*uri!9 "n$ hl# thm t") "ny m$ic"tion for "n illn!!.
Notes2
Shoc) i! ,ry !riou! "n$ lif thr"tning. Th c"!u"lty m"y not )no% th"t thy "r in !hoc). St"y
c"lm9 m") !ur thy r!t9 "n$ r"!!ur thm th"t hl# i! on th %"y.


FA7NT7N=
DEFINITION
Thi! i! ,ry !imil"r to !hoc) "cc#t it8! " tm#or"ry con$ition.
CASES
It u!u"lly occur! bc"u! of " tm#or"ry $cr"! of bloo$ flo% to th br"in9 %hich c"n b c"u!$
by not "ting #ro#rly9 !t"n$ing u# too f"!t9 or lo% bloo$ #r!!ur.
WARNING SIGNS
Th c"!u"lty fl! f"int9 or f"int!.
HELPING
If thy fl f"int h", thm li $o%n %hich %ill hl# %ith circul"tion. If thy f"int thy %ill u!u"lly
%") u# in " f% !con$!. &ncour"g th #r!on to !t"y lying $o%n for " f% minut! until thy
fl bttr. If thy $o not %") u# %ithin on minut9 or thy bc"m in*ur$ $uring th f"ll thn
"cti,"t th &MS9 "n$ tr"t "ny in*uri!.
Notes2
If !omon h"! f"int$9 ,n if thy fl fin "ftr%"r$!9 thy !houl$ !till go ! thir $octor to
rul out "ny m"*or #roblm!.


EATE<NAL BLEE(7 N=
DEFINITION
Thi! i! %hr th bloo$ ,!!l! "n$ th !)in "r cut "n$ bloo$ i! !c"#ing th bo$y.
CASES
D"m"g to th !)in c"u!$ by tr"um". C"n b " l"cr"tion 0cl"n cut19 "br"!ion9 or ",ul!ion 0%ith
!)in !till h"nging1.
Hel!i"#2
If it8! " minor bl$ "llo% !om bl$ing to t") #l"c "! thi! %ill hl# cl"n th %oun$. Thn
%"!h %ith %"rm %"tr "n$ !o"#9 "##ly " $r!!ing to )# it cl"n9 ch"ng th $r!!ing ,ry f%
hour!9 "n$ monitor for !ign! of infction.
If th bl$ing i! !,r th"n "##ly th R&D #rinci#l2
R!t2 m") !ur th #r!on i! r!ting !o "! to $cr"! th h"rt r"t "n$ bloo$ #r!!ur.
&l,"t2 r"i! th in*ur$ limb "bo, th h"rt to !lo% $o%n th bl$ing.
Dirct Pr!!ur2 #ut #r!!ur $irctly o,r th %oun$ to hl# control bl$ing9 ti th
$r!!ing in #l"c. But9 $o not m") th $r!!ing too tight !o "! to r!trict bloo$ flo%. Do not
rmo, th $r!!ing. Et m$ic"l hl#.
Notes2
If thr i! "n im#"l$ ob*ct $o not rmo, it "! thi! c"n c"u! much mor in*ury "n$ bl$ing.
In!t"$9 "##ly $r!!ing "roun$ th ob*ct thn ti in #l"c to control bl$ing. T") 'tr" c"r
not to mo, th ob*ct.
Rfr to "##n$i' B for b"n$"ging tchni=u!.


7NTE<NAL BLEE(7N=
DEFINITION
Thi! i! %hr th bloo$ ,!!l! "r bro)n but th !)in i! not9 !o th #r!on i! bl$ing un$r th
!)in. In*ur$ org"n! %ill r!ult in intrn"l bl$ing.
CASES
U!u"lly #hy!ic"l tr"um"9 bing hit9 f"lling. Ary common in c"r "cci$nt!.
WARNING SIGNS
Brui!ing9 #"in9 tn$rn!!9 mch"ni!m of th in*ury9 bloo$ in !#it9 ,omit9 or urin.
HELPING
If it8! " minor brui! on th "rm or lg thn r!t th in*ur$ #"rt9 "##ly "n ic #"c) for " f%
minut!9 "n$ %"tch for !ign! th"t it i! not h"ling. If it8! !,r intrn"l bl$ing in th cor of th
bo$y thn "cti, th &MS9 m") !ur th #r!on i! r!ting9 tr"t for !hoc)9 "##ly "n ic #"c)9 but
$o N3T #ut #r!!ur o,r th %oun$.
Notes2
Intrn"l bl$ing i! not "l%"y! ob,iou!9 but c"n b lif thr"tning.
Infction c"n occur %ith "ny %oul$ %hthr intrn"l or 'trn"l. If you !u!#ct "n infction thn
!) m$ic"l hl# imm$i"tly9 "! it c"n bcom lif thr"tning. <"tch out for %"rning !ign!
!uch "!7 th %oun$ i! not h"ling or i! gtting biggr9 $i!color"tion9 flui$ $i!ch"rg9 "n$ incr"!$
#"in.


SECON(A<Y S><@EY
Thi! in,ol,! chc)ing for othr non.lif thr"tning in*uri!. 3b,iou!ly it i! $on "ftr th #rim"ry
!ur,y9 %hich in,ol,! loo)ing "ftr th lif thr"tning in*uri!. It i! $on by !t"rting from th h"$
"n$ mo,ing $o%n to th to! %hil chc)ing for bum#!9 brui!!9 bon $formity9 "n$ minor cut!. If
"nything i! foun$ it i! tr"t$ "n$:or r#ort$ to th #"r"m$ic! onc thy "rri,.
If th #r!on i! uncon!ciou! you $o thi! by loo)ing "n$ by touching 0fling for bum#! "n$ bro)n
bon!1.
If th #r!on i! con!ciou! you $o thi! by t"l)ing to thm "n$ "!)ing thm =u!tion!.
If you thin) thr i! "n in*ury $o N3T mo, th"t bo$y #"rt.
G# in min$ th"t thi! i! !con$"ry to #rim"ry. N,r ignor br"thing #roblm!9 or CPR9 or !,r
bl$ing in or$r to $o " !con$"ry !ur,y.


(7ABETES
D&FINITI3N
Di"bt! i! " $i!"! in %hich your bo$y c"nnot #ro#rly !tor "n$ u! ful for nrgy. Th ful
th"t your bo$y n$! i! c"ll$ gluco!9 " form of !ug"r. Eluco! com! from foo$! !uch "!
br"$!9 cr"l!9 #"!t"9 ric9 #ot"to!9 fruit! "n$ !om ,gt"bl!. To u! gluco!9 your bo$y
n$! in!ulin. In!ulin i! m"$ by " gl"n$ in your bo$y c"ll$ th #"ncr"!. Thr "r t%o m"*or
ty#! of $i"bt!2 ty# (9 "n$ ty# +.
Ty# ( $i"bt! i! %hn th bo$y m")! littl or no in!ulin. It u!$ to b c"ll$ in!ulin.
$#n$nt or *u,nil $i"bt!. Thi! r=uir! $"ily in*ction! of in!ulin.
Ty# + $i"bt!2 occur! %hn your bo$y c"n8t u! th in!ulin it m")!. If you h", ty# +
$i"bt!9 you m"y b "bl to )# your bloo$ gluco! l,l! in " t"rgt r"ng by h"lthy
"ting9 'rci!ing9 "n$ t")ing m$ic"tion.
Thr "r + ty#! of $i"btic mrgnci!
Cy#rglycmi" 0in!ulin !hoc)12 thi! i! %hr thr i! too much !ug"r in th bloo$9 "n$ not nough
in!ulin. It c"n occur by not t")ing m$ic"tion "n$:or by "ting thing! high in gluco!.
Cy#oglycmi" 0$i"btic com"12 in thi! c"! thr i! not nough !ug"r "n$ too much in!ulin. Thi!
c"n occur if too much in!ulin i! t")n or not nough gluco! h"! bn con!um$.
CAUS&S
Cy#rglycmi"2
&"ting foo$ high in !im#l !ug"r!.
Not t")ing m$ic"tion 0in!ulin1.
Cy#oglycmi"2
Not "ting "t th right tim! 0mi!!ing " m"l1.
Bing o,r "cti, %ithout h",ing #l"nn$ for it.
T")ing too much m$ic"tion.
PR&A&NTI3N
Thr i! no %"y to #r,nt ty# (.
Ty# + c"n b #r,nt$ by follo%ing " h"lthy lif!tyl of rgul"r #hy!ic"l "cti,ity9 h"lthy "ting9
"n$ controlling ob!ity.


<ARNINE SIENS
Di@@in!!9 $ro%!in!!9 "n$ confu!ion.
R"#i$ br"thing.
R"#i$ #ul!.
Fling "n$ loo)ing ill.
Uncon!ciou!n!!.
C&LPI NE
Cl# th #r!on t") " bit of !ug"r 0c"n$y9 *uic9 fruit9 tc19 ho%,r9 Nutr"S%t or "!#"rt"m i!
not ffcti,. Monitor thir con$ition "n$ $o not h!it"t to c"ll "n "mbul"nc if thir con$ition
$o! not im#ro, %ithin " cou#l of minut!. Do N3T "$mini!tr m$ic"tion7 thi! i! r!r,$ for
m$ic"l #rof!!ion"l! only.
Notes2
Di"bt! i! " lif.long con$ition. Cigh bloo$ gluco! l,l! o,r " long #rio$ of tim c"n c"u!
blin$n!!9 h"rt $i!"!9 )i$ny #roblm!9 "m#ut"tion!9 nr, $"m"g9 "n$ rctil $y!function.
Eoo$ $i"bt! c"r "n$ m"n"gmnt c"n $l"y or #r,nt th on!t of th! com#lic"tion!.


SE7 C><ES
D&FINITI3N
Si@ur! "r nurologic"l $i!or$r! %hr th !ign"l! in th br"in bcom mi'$ u#.
CAUS&S
Th mo!t common c"u! i! from th m$ic"l con$ition c"ll$ #il#!y. Co%,r9 thy c"n "l!o b
c"u!$ by concu!!ion!9 "llrgic r"ction!9 br"in tumor!9 "n$ high f,r in chil$rn.
PR&A&NTI3N
If !omon h"! #il#!y thy m"y h", m$ic"tion to t") %hich %ill r$uc th ch"nc of
!i@ur!. 3thr c"u!! "r h"r$ to #r,nt bc"u! nothing i! !u!#ct$ of bing %rong until th
!i@ur.
<ARNINE SIENS
A!i$ from th c"!u"lty h",ing !om )in$ of "ur"9 .g. !mlling burnt to"!t9 thr "r no %"rning
!ign! th"t " !i@ur i! "bout to h"##n. 3nc it bgin! th #r!on m"y "##"r tot"lly !#"c$ out9
m"y "##"r to b !l# %"l)ing9 or m"y b on th groun$ con,ul!ing.
C&LPI NE
E&N&RALIL&D C3NAULSIA& S&ILUR&S
G# c"lm "n$ lt th !i@ur t") it! cour!. Do not try to !to# th !i@ur or r,i, th #r!on.
Protct #r!on from furthr in*ury by mo,ing h"r$ or !h"r# ob*ct! "%"y9 but $o not intrfr
%ith th #r!on8! mo,mnt!. Pl"c !omthing !oft "n$ !m"ll9 !uch "! " !%"tr9 un$r thir
h"$9 "n$ loo!n tight clothing "roun$ th nc).
Do not forc "nything in th #r!on8! mouth. Thi! coul$ c"u! tth "n$ *"% $"m"g9 or cho)ing.
Th #r!on %ill not !%"llo% thir tongu $uring " !i@ur.
Roll th #r!on on thir !i$ "! !oon "! #o!!ibl9 to "llo% !"li," or othr flui$! to $r"in "%"y9
hl#ing to cl"r th "ir%"y. Do not b frightn$ if " #r!on h",ing " !i@ur !to#! br"thing
momnt"rily.
If " !i@ur go! on longr th"n 5 minut!9 r#"t! %ithout full rco,ry9 or th #r!on bcom!
in*ur$9 thn c"ll for m$ic"l "!!i!t"nc.
Al%"y! b comforting9 b gntl9 "n$ r"!!ur th #r!on9 "! it m"y t") !om tim for thm to
bcom r.orint$.


PARTIAL N3N.C3NAULSIA& S&ILUR&S 0&.E. LIG& SL&&P <ALGINE1
St"y %ith th #r!on "n$ lt th !i@ur t") it! cour!. Do not try to !to# th !i@ur or r,i,
th #r!on. Th #r!on %ill b un"%"r of hi! or hr "ction!9 "n$ m"y or m"y not h"r you.
Ently gui$ th #r!on "%"y from $"ngr9 "n$ mo, $"ngrou! ob*ct! out of th %"y.
P"rti"l !i@ur! m"y !#r"$ to othr "r"! of th br"in. Do not b "l"rm$ if " con,ul!i, !i@ur
follo%!.
Notes2
Al%"y! b comforting9 b gntl9 "n$ r"!!ur th #r!on9 "! it m"y t") !om tim for thm to
bcom r.orint$.


B><NS
D&FINITI3N
A burn i! $"m"g to th !)in or un$rlying ti!!u c"u!$ by h"t. Thr "r / l,l! of !,rity7
(
!t9
+
n$
9 /
r$
.
CAUS&S
Thr "r 5 m"in !ourc! of burn!7 lctricity9 r"$i"tion 0!un19 thrm"l 0!omthing hot19 chmic"l9
"n$ friction.
PR&A&NTI3N
U! !"fty rul!.
U! !"fty =ui#mnt %hn %or)ing %ith chmic"l!.
Cir #rof!!ion"l! for %or) $"ling %ith .g. lctricity.
A,oi$ !un '#o!ur.
G# hot ob*ct! "%"y from chil$rn.
<ARNINE SIENS
(
!t
$gr2 r$9 !%olln9 #"in.
+
n$
$gr2 r$9 !%olln9 bli!tr!.
/
r$
$gr2 $"m"g$ !)in to th #oint %hr th un$rlying ti!!u i! ,i!ibl.
C&LPI NE
For (
!t
"n$ +
n$
$gr burn! you !houl$ cool th "r" imm$i"tly %ith gntly running col$ %"tr
for "bout (F.(5 minut!9 or until it h"! cool$ off. Do not br") "ny bli!tr! "! thi! %ill m") th
%oun$ %or!.
For /
r$
$gr burn! $o not #ut "nything on th burn9 !) m$ic"l hl# imm$i"tly "n$ tr"t
for !hoc). /
r$
$gr i! 'trmly lif thr"tning ,n %hn " !m"ll bo$y #"rt i! "ffct$. If
thr i! clothing on th burn $o not rmo, it "! thi! m"y "l!o rmo, !)in. Thr i! " ,ry high
ri!) of infction from thi! )in$ of burn.


Notes2
A! %ith "ll othr mrgnci! m") !ur th "r" i! !"f for you fir!t. <"tch out for li, %ir!9
hot ob*ct!9 chmic"l !#ill!9 tc.
Th !,rity of " burn c"n "l!o b incr"!$ $#n$ing on th !n!iti,ity of th bo$y #"rt th"t i!
burnt9 or th "mount of th bo$y th"t i! burnt.
<ith lctric"l burn! chc) for "n 'it %oun$ "! %ll "! tr"ting for th ntr"nc %oun$.
<ith chmic"l burn! flu!h th "r" %ith lot! of %"tr to gt it off th c"!u"lty8! !)in.
N,r "##ly ointmnt!9 buttr9 or othr hom rm$i! on burn!9 "! thi! m"y m") th burn
%or!9 )# th h"t tr"##$ in9 or c"u! "n infction.


-YPOT-E<#7A
D&FINITI3N
A $ro# in th cor bo$y tm#r"tur9 ,n "! littl "! ( to + $gr! Cl!iu!9 from th norm"l of
/6 $gr! Cl!iu!.
Somtim! thi! c"n h"##n %ithin minut!9 othr tim! it t")! " %hil to t") #l"c.
It i! !omtim! "ccom#"ni$ by fro!t bit.
CAUS&S & PR&A&NTI3N
&'#o!ur to th col$.
Not bing $r!!$ #ro#rly.
D"m# %"thr.
Bing %t.
Bing tir$ or $hy$r"t$.
<ARNINE SIENS
Fling col$.
Shi,ring9 %hich %ill !to# "! th con$ition %or!n!.
Bcoming confu!$ "n$ $i!orint$.
Slo% #ul! "n$ br"thing r"t!.
Uncon!ciou!n!!.
C&LPI NE
Et m$ic"l hl#.
Et thm in!i$ n"r " h"t !ourc.
Rmo, %t clothing "n$ r#l"c %ith $ry clothing.
If con!ciou! gi, thm %"rm flui$! to $rin) J !lo%ly.
A,oi$ "lcohol9 c"ffin9 "n$ c"rbon"t$ $rin)!.
Notes2
Bing %t or !ubmr!$ in col$ %"tr %ill c"u! hy#othrmi" much =uic)r bc"u! %"tr i! ,ry
con$ucti, "n$ $r"%! th h"t out of your bo$y f"!tr.


F<OST B7 TE
D&FINITI3N
A fr@ing of " bo$y #"rt9 !uch "! th h"n$9 foot9 f"c9 tc. Su#rfici"l i! th !urf"c of th !)in9
%hr"! $# fro!t bit "ffct! th un$rlying ti!!u!.
Somtim! thi! i! "ccom#"ni$ by hy#othrmi".
CAUS&S & PR&A&NTI3N
&'#o!ur to col$9 %in$9 %t con$ition!.
Not %"ring #rotcti, clothing.
<ARNINE SIENS
Col$ fling.
Numbn!!.
In"bility to u! th bo$y #"rt.
Tingling9 thn #"in.
A! it gt! %or! "ll !n!"tion %ill $i!"##"r.
Th !)in %ill fir!t "##"r %hit or yllo%i!h. If th ti!!u $i! it %ill bcom bl"c) ch"rr$ color.
C&LPI NE
For $# fro!t bit gt m$ic"l hl#.
<"rm u# th bo$y #"rt !lo%ly "n$ gr"$u"lly by %r"##ing it in %"rm clothing "n$:or !ubmr!ing
it in lu)%"rm %"tr J not hot %"tr "! it %ill burn th !)in.
Notes2
If thr i! " ch"nc of th bo$y #"rt rfr@ing thn it might b bttr to gt m$ic"l hl# fir!t
bfor "llo%ing it to %"rm u#.
Do not rub or forc th bo$y #"rt to bn$9 thi! %ill c"u! mor $"m"g.


-EAT E#E<=ENC7ES 3-YPE<T-E<#7A5
D&FINITI3N
Pr!#ir"tion i! th bo$y8! m"in mtho$ of rgul"ting it! tm#r"tur. A! !%"t ,"#or"t! off
th !)in h"t i! t")n %ith it9 "! " r!ult cooling $o%n th bo$y. <ithout thi! mtho$ th bo$y
%oul$ =uic)ly o,r h"t "n$ th #r!on %oul$ $i. Anything th"t im#"ir! bo$y tm#r"tur
rgul"tion i! h"@"r$ou!.
Thr "r / l,l! of h"t mrgnci!2 h"t cr"m#!9 h"t 'h"u!tion9 "n$ h"t !tro).
CAUS&S & PR&A&NTI3N
&'rci!ing in hot humi$ "n$:or #ollut$ %"thr.
Bcoming $hy$r"t$.
Drin)ing "lcohol9 c"ffin"t$9 or c"rbon"t$ $rin)! 0contribut! to $hy$r"tion1.
3,r u!ing !"un"!9 %hirl#ool!9 "n$ %"rm n,ironmnt! !uch "! gym!9 "robic cl"!!!9 "n$ !tuffy
room!.
C&AT CRAMPS
<ARNINE SIENS
P"inful mu!cul"r in,olunt"ry contr"ction.
S%"ting or moi!t !)in.
Tir$9 irrit"bl9 "n$ thir!ty.
C&LPI NE
Rmo,ing thm from th !ourc of h"t.
Ently !trtch:m"!!"g "ffct$ "r".
Slo%ly rhy$r"t %ith %"tr9 *uic9 or !#ort $rin)!.
R!t for !,r"l minut! or ,n " cou#l of hour!.
A,oi$ "lcohol9 c"ffin"t$ "n$:or c"rbon"t$ $rin)! "! thy %ill only m") th con$ition %or!
by #romoting $hy$r"tion.


C&AT &MCAUSTI3N
<ARNINE SIENS
S%"ting.
Tir$.
Irrit"bl.
Thir!ty.
Lth"rgic.
Slight h"$"ch.
N"u!".
Di@@y:%").
M"y h", !lightly l,"t$ bo$y tm#r"tur.
C&LPI NE
Rmo, from !ourc of h"t.
Slowl$ rhy$r"t by $rin)ing %"tr9 *uic9 or !#ort $rin)!.
R!t i! ,ry im#ort"nt to #r,nt " r.occurrnc.
Rmo, !%"ty clothing.
F"n or gntly cool th !)in %ith cool to%l! or ic #"c)!.
A,oi$ "lcohol9 c"ffin"t$ "n$:or c"rbon"t$ $rin)! "! thy %ill only m") th con$ition
%or! by #romoting $hy$r"tion.
If ,omiting occur! you !houl$ "cti,"t &MS.
C&AT STR3G&
<ARNINE SIENS
&l,"t$ bo$y tm#r"tur.
Ary tir$:%").
S%"ting m"y !to# . thi! i! not " goo$ !ign.
S,r h"$"ch.
R$ hot $ry !)in.
R"#i$9 %") #ul! bcoming irrgul"r9 r"#i$ br"thing9 or r$uc$:"b!nt ,it"l !ign!
0con!ciou!n!!9 br"thing9 #ul!1.


C&LPI NE
Rmo, from h"t !ourc.
Pl"c in rco,ry #o!ition.
Acti,"t -.(.( ASAP.
Monitor:tr"t ABC!.
Rmo, !%"ty clothing.
F"n or gntly cool th !)in %ith cool to%l! or ic #"c)!.
Do not $ou! %ith col$ %"tr . thi! m"y c"u! !hoc).
At thi! #oint it i! too l"t to gi, flui$! by mouth "n$ it m"y in$uc ,omiting.


BONE AN( :O7NT 7 N:><7ES
D&FINITI3N
Thi! i! "n in*ury to " bon9 " *oint9 " lig"mnt9 or " tn$on.
Bon fr"ctur!9 if !t #ro#rly9 %ill h"l fully in " f% %)! "n$ %ill b !trongr th"n bfor. Thi!
h"##n! bc"u! th "r" buil$! u# %ith mor c"lcific"tion th"n bfor.
Boint in*uri! u!u"lly in,ol, " $i!loc"tion. Thi! i! %hr th bon h"! #o##$ out of it! !oc)t.
Thi! m"y b "ccom#"ni$ %ith " fr"ctur9 " !tr"in9 or " !#r"in. It m"y #o# b"c) in it m"y not.
&ithr %"y !) m$ic"l hl#. Do not #u!h it b"c) into #l"c.
Tn$on! "r !trong ti!!u! th"t connct " mu!cl onto " bon. <hn " tn$on t"r! it i! c"ll$ "
!tr"in. Thy bcom torn thy t") " ,ry long tim to h"l9 m"ny tim! n,r "! goo$ "! bfor9
"n$ !omtim! !urgry i! r=uir$ to r"tt"ch thm.
<hn " lig"mnt i! torn it i! c"ll$ " !#r"in. Lig"mnt! connct " bon to "nothr bon. Th!
"r foun$ "roun$ th *oint!. Lig"mnt! "r ,ry !trong9 but9 "! %ith tn$on!9 %hn thy t"r thy
t") " long tim to h"l9 n,r "! goo$ "! bfor9 "n$ !omtim! !urgry i! r=uir$.
CAUS&S
Any )in$ of forc th"t i! gr"tr th"n %h"t th ti!!u c"n %ithhol$ %ill c"u! !uch "n in*ury. Som
common "cti,iti! inclu$ f"lling9 t%i!ting9 gtting hit9 tc.
PR&A&NTI3N
<"r !"fty =ui#mnt "n$ %"r it #ro#rly.
Gno% th !"fty rul! of !#ort! #l"y$.
U! !"t blt! "n$ c"r !"t!.
G# *oint! "n$ bon! !trong through %ight b"ring #hy!ic"l "cti,iti!.
<ARNINE SIENS
A D!n"##ing8 noi!.
P"in.
Dformity.
In"bility to mo,.
S%lling.
Brui!ing.
C&LPI NE
A##ly th RIC& #rinci#l.
R!t th in*ur$ bo$y #"rt "n$ th ntir c"!u"lty.


Immobili@ th in*ur$ bo$y #"rt.
Col$ com#r!! o,r th in*ury to r$uc !%lling.
&l,"t th in*ur$ bo$y #"rt if it c"n b $on %ithout c"u!ing furthr in*ury.
S) m$ic"l hl#.
Do not rub or mo, th in*ur$ bo$y #"rt.
If thr i! " #rotru$ing bon thn bl$ing %ill n$ to b t")n c"r of by "##lying in$irct
#r!!ur.
N,r !tr"ightn or r"lign "n in*ur$ bo$y #"rt.
Notes2
Rfr to "##n$i' B for !#linting "n$ b"n$"ging tchni=u!.


SP7NAL 7N:><7ES
D&FINITI3N
An in*ury to th mu!cl!9 bon!9 or nr,! "!!oci"t$ %ith th !#in.
CAUS&S
Any im#"ct9 $irct or in$irct9 to th! bo$y #"rt!. Ary common in ,hicl "cci$nt!9 $i,ing in
!h"llo% %"tr9 cycling "cci$nt!9 !#ort "cci$nt! !uch "! hoc)y "n$ footb"ll9 tc.
PR&A&NTI3N
U! !"t blt! "n$ c"r !"t!.
A,oi$ "lcohol int") %hn $oing #hy!ic"l "cti,ity "! it im#"ir! !oun$ *u$gmnt.
<ARNINE SIENS
Mch"ni!m of in*ury 0ho% it occurr$1.
P"in9 numbn!!9 or #"r"ly!i!.
Bl$ing9 !%lling9 or brui!ing "roun$ th h"$9 "r!9 or no!.
Uncon!ciou!n!!.
C&LPI NE
M") !ur th #r!on $o!n8t mo,.
Col$ thm !till. ;ou n$ to "n$ '#l"in to thm th"t thy m"y h", " !riou! in*ury "n$ !houl$
not mo,.
Acti,"t th &MS right "%"y.
If thy "r uncon!ciou! to your CPR !t#!. Air%"y "n$ br"thing t") #riority.
Notes2
Any tim thr i! " !#in"l in*ury you !houl$ "l!o !u!#ct " concu!!ion9 "n$ ,ic ,r!".
CONC>SS7ONS
D&FINITI3N
An in*ury to th h"$ or th br"in. Litr"lly bl$ing in th br"in or th "r" "roun$ th br"in.


CAUS&S
Any im#"ct9 $irct or in$irct9 to th h"$.
M"y b "!!oci"t$ %ith " !#in"l in*ury.
PR&A&NTI3N
U! !"t blt! "n$ c"r !"t!.
A,oi$ "lcohol int") %hn $oing #hy!ic"l "cti,ity "! it im#"ir! !oun$ *u$gmnt.
<ARNINE SIENS
Mch"ni!m of in*ury.
P"in or numbn!!.
Bl$ing9 !%lling9 or brui!ing.
Confu!$.
Lo!! of mmory.
Di@@y.
Ringing in th "r!.
N"u!" or ,omiting.
Uncon!ciou!n!!.
C&LPI NE
M") !ur th #r!on $o!n8t mo,.
Col$ thm !till if you n$ to "n$ '#l"in to thm th"t thy m"y h", " !riou! in*ury "n$ !houl$
not mo,.
Acti,"t th &MS right "%"y.
If thy "r uncon!ciou! to your CPR !t#! but o#n th "ir%"y %ith " mo$ifi$ *"% thru!t!9 "!
o##o!$ to " h"$ tilt.
Notes2
Any tim thr i! " !#in"l in*ury you !houl$ "l!o !u!#ct " concu!!ion9 "n$ ,ic ,r!".
Anyon %ith " !u!#ct$ concu!!ion !houl$ !) m$ic"l hl# "! !oon "! #o!!ibl.
If thy h", bcom uncon!ciou! from th concu!!ion thn "cti,"t th &MS right "%"y.
M"ny "thlt! %ill not "$mit to h",ing h"$ " concu!!ion bc"u! thn thy c"nnot #l"y "nymor.
Unfortun"tly th"t i! %hy th con$ition bcom! %or!.
Concu!!ion! "r ,ry lif thr"tning.
Thr i! " con$ition c"ll$ B"by Sh")n Syn$rom9 %hr b"bi! "r in*ur$ by ,iolnt !h")ing.
N,r !h") " b"by J on #ur#o!9 by "cci$nt9 or %hn "ngry.


N,r thro% thm u# in th "ir J no m"ttr ho% much thy n*oy it.
N,r t%irl thm "roun$ %hil hol$ing thm by thir ft.
Th! "cti,iti! c"n c"u! br"in in*uri!9 !omtim! minor !omtim! !riou!.


PO7SONS
D&FINITI3N
A #oi!on i! " !ub!t"nc %hich ntr! th bo$y "n$ c"n c"u! illn!! or $"th. It m"y "ct %ithin "
m"ttr of !con$! 0.g. c"rbon mono'i$1 or " m"ttr of y"r! 0c"r #ollution1. Thr "r four b"!ic
%"y! in %hich #oi!on c"n ntr th bo$y7 by !%"llo%ing9 br"thing9 in*cting9 or "b!orbing.
INE&ST&D P3IS3NS
Som '"m#l! c"n inclu$ b"$ foo$9 hou!hol$ cl"nr!9 #rfum!9 n"il #oli!h rmo,r9 tc.
If th #r!on i! h",ing troubl br"thing9 i! con,ul!ing9 i! uncon!ciou!9 or i! in #"in9 c"ll th &MS
imm$i"tly. If th #r!on "##"r! to b fin but you %"nt to m") !ur c"ll th #oi!on control
cntr. For your "r" thi! numbr c"n b foun$ "t th front of your loc"l tl#hon $irctory. In or$r
for thm to hl# you thy n$ to )no% %h"t th #r!on too)9 ho% much9 thir "g "n$ %ight9 "n$
thir #r!nt con$ition. Thy %ill ithr tll you to !) m$ic"l hl# imm$i"tly9 gi, thm
!omthing to $rin)9 or to monitor thm to m") !ur thy $on8t gt %or!. M") !ur you $o not
in$uc ,omiting unl!! you "r tol$ to $o !o by th #oi!on control cntr "! !om !ub!t"nc! "r
corro!i, "n$ m"y burn on th %"y u#. Al!o9 $o not gi, "nything to $rin) unl!! in!truct$ by th
#oi!on control cntr "! !om !ub!t"nc! m"y r"ct mor %ith $rin)!. Al%"y! )# cl"nr! "n$
chmic"l! high u# !o chil$rn c"nnot "cc!! thm.
BR&ATC&D:INCAL&D P3IS3NS
Thi! c"n inclu$ fum! from hou!hol$ cl"nr!9 in$u!tri"l #ro$uct!9 !mo)9 tc. Fr!h "ir i! th
imm$i"t fir!t "i$ tr"tmnt. But fir!t m") !ur you "r not #utting your!lf in $"ngr. S) m$ic"l
hl# for th #r!on imm$i"tly. N,r mi' cl"nr! unl!! it !#cifi! on th cont"inr. N,r u!
chmic"l! in #oorly ,ntil"t$ "r"!.
B "%"r of c"rbon mono'i$ "! it c"nnot b !mll$9 h"! no t"!t9 "n$ c"nnot b !n. It c"n b
#ro$uc$ by "ny ngin 0.g. hou! furn"c9 c"r19 or ,n " fir#l"c %ith #oor ,ntil"tion. &,ry
hom !houl$ h", " c"rbon mono'i$ $tctor. If th $tctor bgin! to !oun$ you n$ to l", th
hou! imm$i"tly "n$ c"ll th fir $#"rtmnt from th nighbor8! hou!. C"rbon mono'i$
#oi!oning m")! you fl !l#y "n$ $ro%!y "n$ c"n h", "n ffct in " m"ttr of minut! !o you
"rn8t "%"r of %h"t i! h"##ning.


INB&CT&D P3I S3NS
Som '"m#l! inclu$ n$l!9 bro)n gl"!!9 mo!=uito!9 !#i$r bit!9 b !ting!9 tc. A! !oon "!
#o!!ibl rmo, th ob*ct from th !)in. Cl"n th "r" thoroughly %ith !o"# "n$ %"tr. If "n "llrgic
r"ction occur!9 or you bli, thr i! " ri!) of infction9 !) m$ic"l hl#.
ABS3RB&D P3IS3NS
Th! "r #oi!on! %hich ntr th bo$y through th !)in9 but $o not c"u! " #unctur. Som
'"m#l! "r hou!hol$ cl"nr!9 in$u!tri"l #ro$uct!9 #oi!onou! #l"nt!9 tc. Rmo, th !ub!t"nc "!
!oon "! #o!!ibl by u!ing l"rg "mount! of running %"tr. Do your b!t not to cont"min"t othr
bo$y #"rt!. Thr "r !om chmic"l! th"t %ill r"ct mor %ith %"tr9 but if you l", thm on th
!)in thy %ill r"ct "ny%"y %ith th !)in moi!tur. S) m$ic"l hl#. If you %or) %ith chmic"l!
m") !ur you )no% ho% to $o th *ob !"fly "n$ "l%"y! u! !"fty =ui#mnt.
<CMIS2 <or)#l"c C"@"r$ou! M"tri"l Inform"tion Sy!tm i! go,rnmnt rgul"t$ tr"ining th"t
"nyon %or)ing %ith chmic"l! n$! to t"). Thi! i! m"n$"tory on m"ny *ob! "n$ it i! th
r!#on!ibility of th m#loyr to "!!ur "ll m#loy! "r #ro#rly tr"in$. In "$$ition9 it i! th
r!#on!ibility of th m#loyr to m") !ur "ll m#loy! h", th #ro#r =ui#mnt to #rform
thir *ob! #ro#rly "n$ !"fly.
MSDS2 M"tri"l S"fty D"t" Sht i! %rittn inform"tion on ,"riou! #ro$uct!. Any %or)#l"c %hich
$"l! %ith chmic"l! n$! to h", thi! inform"tion r"$ily ","il"bl.


<AB7ES
D&FINITI3N
Thi! i! " ,iru! th"t c"n b tr"n!mitt$ to:from "ny %"rm bloo$$ "nim"l9 inclu$ing ro$nt!9 bir$!9
b"t!9 "n$ hum"n!. Th r"bi! ,iru! "tt"c)! th nr,ou! !y!tm9 "n$9 $#n$ing on ho% much i!
tr"n!mitt$9 "n$ %hr in th bo$y it ntr!9 %ill c"u! $"th %ithin / $"y! to "bout 4 %)!9 if th
,"ccin i!n8t "$mini!tr$ !oon nough. If on contr"ct! r"bi! thy mu!t gt th ,"ccin bfor thy
'#rinc !con$"ry %"rning !ign!. If not9 $"th i! imminnt.
<ARNINE SIENS
Th #rim"ry %"rning !ign!2
Etting bittn or !cr"tch$ by " r"bi$ "nim"l. 3f cour! on %on8t )no% for !ur if th "nim"l
i! r"bi$9 !o th !"f!t thing i! to "!!um th"t it i! "n$ !) m$ic"l hl#.
Th !con$"ry %"rning !ign!2
troubl !%"llo%ing
!"li," buil$ing u# in th mouth
"ggr!!i, or irrgul"r bh",ior
$i@@in!!
lo!! of b"l"nc
mmory lo!!
Th! %"rning !ign! "r th !"m for "nim"l! "n$ hum"n!.

PR&A&NTI3N
St"y "%"y from %il$ "nim"l!.
If you ! "n "nim"l th"t h"! %oun$ m"r)!9 or i! #ortr"ying %"rning !ign! li!t$ "bo,9 c"ll th
"nim"l control cntr.
N,r try "n$ c"tch " %il$ "nim"l9 you %ill gt bittn for !ur.
C&LPI NE
Tr"t th %oun$ for bl$ing "n$ !) m$ic"l hl# imm$i"tly.
Notes:
&,n hou!hol$ #t!9 if "llo%$ to ro"m out!i$9 c"n contr"ct r"bi! "n$ bring it b"c) in th
hom.
Th only %"y to t!t for r"bi! i! by )illing th "nim"l "n$ t!ting it! nr,ou! !y!tm.
If tr"tmnt i!n8t !ought =uic) nough $"th i! th only outcom.


T7CBS
D&FINITI3N
Th! "r tiny in!ct.li) bug! th"t li, in th %oo$! "n$ c"n "!ily f"ll on you "! you %"l) by. Thy
"r ,ry !m"ll9 you $on8t fl thm9 "n$ thy "r ,ry h"r$ to !. Thy burro% !lightly un$r th fir!t
l"yr of th !)in "n$ !t"y thr. Th bigg!t #roblm i! th"t m"ny tim! thy c"rry $i!"!! !uch "!
Roc)y Mount"in F,r9 or Lym $i!"!.
<ARNINE SIENS
R$9 itchy hi,!.
S%lling.
Numbn!! or #"in in mu!cl! "n$ *oint!.
Flu.li) !ym#tom!.
C"rt #"l#it"tion!.
TR&ATM&NT
Rmo, th tic) u!ing t%@r!. M") !ur you gt "ll of it.
<"!h th "r" %ith !o"# "n$ %"tr.
S) m$ic"l hl# 0f"mily $octor1 to obt"in "ntibiotic!.
PR&A&NTI3N
<hn $oing out$oor "cti,iti! %"r long !l, clothing9 " c"#9 "n$ long #"nt!.
Aftr th "cti,ity t") " f% minut! "n$ '"min !lf or "ch othr for tic)!9 thy u!u"lly n$ u#
on th !c"l#9 !houl$r!9 or u##r b"c).


SNABE B7TES
D&FINITI3N
Not "ll !n")! "r #oi!onou!9 but if you gt bittn by " #oi!onou! on you bttr ru!h to m$ic"l hl#
imm$i"tly. If you c"n try "n$ rmmbr th color "n$ #"ttrn of th !n") !o thy c"n i$ntify it
"n$ gi, you th corrct "nti.,nom.
C&LPI NE
C", th #r!on r!t %ith th bittn bo$y #"rt lo%r th"n th h"rt.
S) m$ic"l hl# "! !oon "! #o!!ibl.
If th #r!on bcom! uncon!ciou! bgin th Prim"ry Sur,y.
Notes:
Unl!! you %"nt #oi!on in your mouth $o N3T cut th bit !it "n$ !uc) th bloo$ out.
Do not try to c"tch th !n") it %ill bit "g"in.
Thr "r m"ny !n") bit )it! on th m"r)t9 "ll $!ign$ to !uc) th #oi!on out. Co%,r9
bloo$ flo%! ,ry =uic)ly9 %ithin " m"ttr of " f% !con$! th #oi!on %ill !#r"$ "n$ thi! %ill
h", no ffct.


E#E<=ENCY C-7L( B7<T-
D&FINITI3N
&mrgncy chil$ birth i! $fin$ "! " !itu"tion %hr th '#cting mothr.to.b c"nnot r"ch
m$ic"l f"ciliti! in tim "n$ n$! to gi, birth on th !#ot.
CAUS&S
Bing "%"y from m$ic"l f"ciliti! "n$ not h",ing tr"n!#ort"tion i! th mo!t common c"u! for thi!
!itu"tion.
<ARNINE SIENS
If th mothr !"y!9 >th b"by i! coming9? or th b"by8! h"$ i! !ho%ing9 or th contr"ction! "r l!!
th"n t%o minut! "#"rt9 thn it i! tim to $li,r th b"by on th !#ot.
C&LPI NE
Although it i! ,ry "!y to #"nic in !uch " !itu"tion )# in min$ th"t gi,ing birth i! n"tur"l "n$ h"!
bn $on for thou!"n$! of y"r!9 ,n bfor ho!#it"l! %r cr"t$.
A! " r!cur hr8! %h"t you !houl$ $o2
M") !ur th &MS h"! bn c"ll$.
M") th mothr comfort"bl on hr b"c). Rmo, "ny nc!!"ry clothing but )# hr co,r$
to #rotct hr #ri,"cy. Put !om cl"n to%l! un$r hr.
A! " r!cur "ll you h", to $o i! !u##ort th b"by "! it com! out. Col$ th h"$ "! it i! h",y
com#"r$ to th r!t of th b"by.
A! !oon "! you c"n ! th b"by8! thro"t m") !ur th umbilic"l cor$ i! not %r"##$ "roun$ it. If
it i! u! your fingr to loo!n it "n$ #"!! it o,r th h"$. Thi! i! "!y to $o.
3nc th b"by com! out %r"# it in " cl"n to%l.
Cl"n it! mouth "n$ no!.
If it i! not br"thing m"!!"g it! b"c) "n$ tic)ly it! ft. Thi! !houl$ hl# !timul"t th br"thing
mch"ni!m.
If it i! !till not br"thing bgin r!cu br"thing "n$ CPR.
N,r hol$ th b"by u#!i$ $o%n "n$ !l"# it. Thi! i! " TA thing9 "n$ if you !houl$ $ro# th b"by
you8ll b in troubl.
If th b"by i! fin gi, it to th mothr to hol$.
Th othr n$ of th umbilic"l cor$ %ill b "tt"ch$ to th #l"cnt" %hich %ill !till b in!i$ th
mothr. Do not #ull9 it %ill com out on it! o%n in " f% minut! in "nothr !t of contr"ction!.
Do not cut th cor$. Sim#ly %r"# th #l"cnt" in " to%l "n$ )# %ith th b"by.


N,r #ut th #l"cnt" lo%r th"n th b"by "! bloo$ m"y $r"in from th b"by b"c) into th
#l"cnt". If you %i!h you m"y ti !omthing "roun$ th umbilic"l cor$ " f% cntimtr! "%"y
from th b"by "n$ from th #l"cnt". But $o not cut it.
If th b"by bgin! to com out ft fir!t it i! " com#lic"tion but thr i! nothing you c"n $o.
In!truct th mothr not to #u!h. Do not try to #u!h th b"by b"c) in. Sim#ly !u##ort it "ny %"y it
com! out.


APPEN(7A A
UNC3NSCI3US CASUALT;
SAF&T;
M") !ur thr "r no $"ngr! !o you $on8t gt hurt.
If it i! $"ngrou! c"ll for hl#9 m") th "r" !"fr9 or mo, th #r!on from $"ngr.
<AG& TC&M UP
Ently try to ! if thy c"n r!#on$ by c"lling out to thm "n$ gntly t"##ing thir !houl$r!.
-.(.(:&MS
If thy $on8t %") u# 0or if thy "r in*ur$1 you or !omon l! mu!t "cti,"t th &MS.
AI R<A;
Pl"c thm on thir b"c)!9 c"rfully !o "! to not c"u! "ny in*ury.
3#n thir "ir%"y by tilting thir h"$ b"c) "n$ lifting thir chin u#%"r$!. Thi! %ill rmo, th
tongu from bloc)ing th "ir%"y. G# th "ir%"y o#n.
BR&ATCINE
Chc) for Br"thing by loo)ing9 li!tning9 "n$ fling for "ir 0(F !con$!1.
If thy "r br"thing thn monitor "n$ #ut thm in th rco,ry #o!ition until th #"r"m$ic!
"rri,.
If thy "r not br"thing gi, thm + br"th!9 "llo%ing th "ir to com out in bt%n.
If th "ir go! in thn go to >Circul"tion.?
If th "ir $o! not go in9 r.#o!ition th h"$.tilt:chin.lift " bit furthr b"c) "n$ try blo%ing "g"in.
If th "ir !till $o! not go in thn go to >Circul"tion? but chc) th mouth for th foo$ "ftr $oing
CPR.
CIRCULATI3N
St"rt CPR if n$$ 0com#r!!ion! "n$ br"th!1.
It i! /F com#r!!ion! to + br"th!. Continu until #"r"m$ic! "rri, or until !omthing ch"ng!
%ith th #r!on 0r"!!!! "t thi! #oint1.
If th "ir %"! not going in m") !ur you chc) th mouth9 to ! if th foo$ c"m out9 "ftr "ch
!t of com#r!!ion!. If you ! th ob*ct in thir mouth9 t") it out "n$ r"!!!! br"thing.
C3NSCI3US CC3GINE ADULT 3R CCILD


A!) thm if thy "r cho)ing.
A!) thm if you c"n hl#.
St# bhin$ thm "n$ $o "b$omin"l thru!t! 0ch!t thru!t! if thy "r big or #rgn"nt1.
Continu until th foo$ com! out or until thy bcom uncon!ciou!.
If th foo$ com! out m") thm comfort"bl "n$ "cti,"t -.(.( if thy n$ it.
If thy bcom uncon!ciou!7
L"y thm $o%n.
Acti,"t -.(.(.
Chc) thir mouth for th foo$.
Follo% th ABC !t#! "bo,.
C3NSCI3US CC3GINE INFANT
L"y thm on your "rm f"c $o%n "n$ gi, 5 b"c) blo%!.
Turn thm o,r f"c u# "n$ gi, 5 ch!t com#r!!ion!.
Continu until th foo$ com! out or until thy bcom uncon!ciou!.
If th foo$ com! out m") thm comfort"bl "n$ "cti,"t -.(.( if thy n$ it.
If thy bcom uncon!ciou!7
L"y thm $o%n.
Acti,"t -.(.(.
Chc) thir mouth for th foo$.
Follo% th >Uncon!ciou! C"!u"lty? !t#! "bo,.
C&AD:TILT.CCIN:LIFT
Thi! i! $on !o "! to lift th tongu off th thro"t !o "! to o#n th "ir%"y. It i! $on by #l"cing
on h"n$ on th forh"$ "n$ #u!hing th h"$ b"c)9 "n$ by #l"cing on fingr on th un$r!i$
of th chin "n$ lifting th chin u#%"r$!.
If you !u!#ct " nc) in*ury thn you !houl$ o#n th "ir%"y u!ing th mo$ifi$ *"% thru!t9
%ithout th h"$ tilt.
T3NEU&.BA< LIFT
Thi! i! $on %hn you %"nt to ! if thr i! foo$ in!i$ "n uncon!ciou! #r!on8! mouth.
It i! $on by o#ning thir mouth "n$ gr"bbing thir tongu 0li) " tongu $#r!!or1 %ith your
thumb. No% you c"n ! in!i$ thir mouth.
If you ! "n ob*ct9 thn u! th othr h"n$ to #ull it out.
N,r #ut "ny forign ob*ct!9 .g. t%@r!9 in!i$ thir mouth to #ull out th ob*ct.
If th ob*ct i! li=ui$ or h"r$ to gt out9 turn th #r!on on thir !i$ "n$ try !coo#ing it out from
thi! #o!ition.


APPEN(7A B
BANDAEINE
B"n$"ging i! !omthing you %oul$ $o to control !,r bl$ing. I$"lly you %"nt to u! !tril
$r!!ing9 ho%,r9 %hn !omon i! bl$ing !,rly you m"y h", to u! %h"t,r you h", n"r
you 0.g. to%l!9 clothing1. Th i$" i! to #ut #r!!ur o,r th cut9 %ith " $r!!ing9 to control
bl$ing9 "n$ tying th $r!!ing in #l"c. ;ou %"nt to ti %ith nough #r!!ur to control th bl$ing
but not !o much !o th"t bloo$ $o! not gt through to th rm"in$r of th limb. If you r!trict bloo$
flo% th"t "r" m"y $i "n$ m"y r=uir "m#ut"tion9 !o b ,ry c"rful. A! you "r tying th $r!!ing
"!) th in*ur$ #r!on to m") !ur you "r not m")ing it to tight. 3nc you8, ti$ th $r!!ing you
n$ to chc) to m") !ur you $i$ not m") it too tight9 "n$ chc) thi! ,ry cou#l of minut!. For
'"m#l9 if you8, b"n$"g$ " for"rm hr8! ho% you chc) for circul"tion2
Com#"r both h"n$! to m") !ur thy "r !imil"r in tm#r"tur "n$ color.
Chc) th h"n$ to m") !ur it i! not !%lling or turning blu.
A!) th #r!on if th h"n$ fl! numb or tingly.
If thy lo! !n!"tion thn it8! too tight. Do not rmo, th b"n$"g but loo!n it " bit.
If th fir!t $r!!ing bcom! !o")$ %ith bloo$ thn !im#ly #ut "nothr on on to#. Do not
rmo, th origin"l on "! you %ill b ro#ning th %oun$.
Notes:
Al%"y! u! c"ution %hn $"ling %ith bo$ily flui$!. <"r glo,! "n$ %"!h your h"n$!
imm$i"tly "ftr.
G# in min$ th"t th in*ur$ #r!on m"y go into !hoc).
SLINE
A !ling i! !omthing you u! to )# th h"n$:"rm l,"t$ "bo, th h"rt "n$ to m") it mor
!cur "n$ comfort"bl for th in*ur$ #r!on. It !houl$ only b u!$ if it $o! not c"u! mor #"in or
$i!comfort.


SPLINTS
Th m"in #ur#o! of " !#lint i! to )# "n in*ur$ bo$y #"rt immobili@$ 0.g. " bro)n lg1. It !houl$
only b $on if #"r"m$ic! "r going to t") " long tim "rri,ing9 or if you h", to mo, th #r!on.
N,r mo, or try to r"lign th in*ur$ bo$y #"rt. Al%"y! !#lint in th #o!ition foun$.
Thr "r thr m"in ty#! of !#lint!2
An"tomic"l2 thi! m"n! u!ing " non.in*ur$ bo$y #"rt to immobili@ "n in*ur$ bo$y #"rt. &.g. to !#lint
" bro)n lft lo%r lg you %oul$ ti both lg! togthr !o th goo$ lg #ro,i$! !u##ort to th
in*ur$ lg.
(. Soft2 thi! m"n! u!ing !omthing li) " thic) !%"t !hirt9 " *"c)t9 " to%l9 or " bl"n)t to %r"#
"roun$ "n$ immobili@. Thi! )in$ of !#lint %or)! ,ry %ll %ith h"n$ or "n)l:foot in*uri!.
+. Rigi$2 thi! rfr! to u!ing " firm ob*ct9 !uch "! " #ic of %oo$9 to immobili@. Thr "r m"ny
ty#! of rigi$ !#lint! you c"n #urch"! or you c"n u! %h"t,r you ! "roun$ you9 .g.
m"g"@in!9 n%!#"#r!9 umbrll"!9 tc.

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