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Tit 1.
BI TP V THNH PHN NGUYN T
I. Mc tiu bi hc
1. Kin thc.
- HS rn luyn v thnh phn ca nguyn t : V nguyn t v ht nhn; V nguyn t cu to bng electron, ht nhn
cu to bng ht proton v ntron.
- Khi lng v in tch ca cc ht e; p, n kch thc v khi lng rt nh ca ngt.
2. K nng. - HS bit s dng cc n v o nh: V, vt, nm, A 0 v bit gii cc bi tp c lin quan.
3. Thi .- Gip HS c tinh thn lm vic cng ng ca nhn loi, mi cng trnh khoa hc c th c nghin cu
qua nhiu th h.
II. Chun b
- GV: Gio n son h thng cu hi vn p v nhng kin thc c bn cn nh v cc bi tp luyn tp.
- HS: kin thc c v thnh phn v cu to nguyn t
III. Tin tnh bi dy
1. Kim din:..
2. Bi c.
- Trnh by thnh phn cu to nn nguuyn t gm nhng g? Nu li nh lut bo ton khi lng.
- Trnh by li s m t mi quan h gia s mol (lng cht) vi khi lng, th tch cht kh, s phn t cht.
3. Bi mi:
Ni dung
Hot ng ca thy v tr
I. Kin thc cn nh
Hot ng 1
- GV: Yu cu hs nu thnh phn cu to nguyn t , nguyn
1. Thnh phn nguyn t
t c cu to nh th no ? c im ca mi thnh
Gm c cc ht e, n, p cu to nn
phn.
2. c im ca mi thnh phn.
-c im ca e l:me=9,1094.10-31kg v qe = - HS: Tho lun n tp li kin thc c v tr li cu hi.
-1,602.10-19C = 1vt =1- c im ca p: mp=1,6726.10-27 kg v qp = 1+
- c im ca n: mn=1,6748.10-27 kg v qn = 0.
Hot ng 2
3. Cc i lng o lng.
GV: Yu cu hc sinh nhc li cc n v o lng v cc
s liu quy i gia cc i lng .
1nm = 10-9m; 1 A 0 = 10-10m ;
-6
0
HS: Tho lun n tp li v tr li yu cu ca GV.
1nm = 10 A ; 1nm = 10 mm
Hot ng 3
-27
1u = 1,6605.10 kg => mp sp x mn v sp x
GV
Cho
hs
lm
bi
tp
,
nhn xt v cng c cho hs v
bng 1u
thnh
phn
nguyn
t.
II. Bi tp
Bi 1: V cu to ca nguyn t
GV: Dng cc cu hi gi m gip hs a ra ct tnh khi
Al (Z =13), Ar (Z = 18).
- Z=13c 13e, c 13p; Z=18 c 18e, c 18p lng ca nguyn t.
GV: Cho hs lm bi tp .
Bi 2: Bit nguyn t C c 6 proton, 6 electron
GV: Ch n pp i h s m, nhn mnh cho hs, gip hs
v 6 notron .
a. Tnh khi lng (gam) ca ton nguyn t C. cng c .
GV: Qua t l va tm c em c nhn xt g v khi lng
b. T l khi lng ca electron so vi khi
ca electron so vi khi lng ca ton nguyn t? .
lng ca ton nguyn t .
-24
S : a.mnguyn t C = 20,0899 * 10 g .
GV: S dng cc cu hi gi m gip hs thit lp cc
b. T l me / mnt = 0,00027
phng trnh thng qua cc gt .
Bi 3: Nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 13,
GV: cho hs lm bi tp , nhn xt nh gi v a ra pp gii
trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
tng qut cho bi ton.
khng mang in l 3 ht. Hy tnh s ht
proton, electron, notron trong X
S : P = E + Z = 4, N = 5.
4.Cng c: trong khi luyn tp.
5. Dn d: btvn: nguyn t Fe gm 26p , 26e , v 26n .Tnh khi lng ca nguyn t Fe v khi lng ca electron
c trong mt kg Fe.
Trang 1
N TP CU TO V NGUYN T + CU HNH
ELECTRON NGUYN T
I. MC TIU
1) Kin thc: - Nm c c im cu to v ngt , cu hnh electron ngt . phn loi ngt.
2) K nng. - Gii cc bi tp lin quan n ng v, ngt khi, ngt khi trung bnh ca cc ngt ho hc.
3) Thi . - Thng qua t duy bin chng GD cho HS trnh m tn d oan nhiu v c tinh
II. Chun b: - GV: Gio n son h thng cc cu hi v kin thc chnh cn nm ca bi.
- HS: Hc cc kin thc c v bi thnh phn nguyn t.
III- Tin trnh bi dy
1) n nh lp: ..
2) Kim tra bi c: 1/Ngt ho hc l g? S hiu ngt l s nh th no? K hiu ngt cho bit nhng thng tin
g? 2/ Sa bi tp 6 trang 14 SGK
3)Hot ng dy hc
Ni dung
Hot ng ca thy v tr
I. S chuyn ng ca cc electron trong
Hot ng 1.
nguyn t:
- HS: Cc e c.ng rt nhanh trong khu vc xung quanh ht nhn theo
II. Lp e v phn lp e
qu o khng xc nh to thnh lp v ngt..
1.Lp:
Hot ng 2.
- HS nhc li.
+ Cc electron trn cng mt lp c nng lng nh th no vi
nhau, nguyn t c ti a my lp, vit k hiu cc lp theo th t t
Th t lp
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ht nhn ra ngoi, electron lp no c nng lng thp nht, electron
Tn lp
K L M N O P Q
lp no lin kt vi ht nhn cht ch nht?
2.Phn lp: 1s 2s 2p
+ Cc electron trn cng mt phn lp c nng lng nh th no
3) Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t:
vi nhau, lp th t c my phn lp -k tn, electron phn lp no
* Kt lun: Bit cu hnh electron ngt th
c nng lng thp nht, electron phn lp no lin kt vi ht nhn
d on tnh cht ho hc nguyn t.
cht ch nht?
+ Cc bc vit cu hnh electron. xc nh loi nguyn t s, p, d,
III. Bi tp
f. tnh cht ha hc ca nguyn t.
Hot ng 3:
S : Mg ( Z = 12 ) 1s22s22p63s2. kim loi
Bi 1: Vit cu hnh e ca cc ngt ngt c s hiu ngt sau : Z bng :
S : A = 9 . Cu hnh e : 1s22s2.
12, 15, 17, 20, 31, 33, 36. cho bit ngt no l kim loi, phi kim, kh
S : A = 40 , Z = 20
him? vi mi ngt lp e no lk vi ht nhn chc ch nht, lp no
S : A = 35 Cl (Z = 17) 1s22s22p63s23p5
lin kt vi ht nhn yu nht ? .
S: Cu hnh e phlp ngoi
HS: lm bi tp
2
5
2
cng ca hai ngt. X : 4s 4p (pk), Y: 4s ( Bi 2: Ngt ca ngt X c tng s ht bng 36, s ht mang in nhiu
kl )
hn s ht khng mang in l 12. Vit cu hnh e ca ngt ngt X.
cho bit X l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him ?
HS: lm bi tp
Bi 3: Tng s ht trong ngt ca mt ngt bng 13. Xc nh s khi
A v vit cu hnh e ca ngt.
HS: lm bi tp
Bi 4: Tng s ht trong ngt ca mt ngt bng 60.Tnh s khi A v
Z ca ngt ngt bit ngt ca ngt c 2e lp ngoi cng. HS:
lm bi tp
40
Dn d bi tp v nh:
Bi 5: Hp cht A c to nn t ngt 20 Ca v mt phi kim X c
- Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht ho tr I, tng s ht c trong A bng 164, s ht mang in nhiu hn
bng 115 , trong s ht mang in nhiu s ht khng mang in l 52. Xc nh s khi A v cu hnh e ca
hn s ht khng mang in l 25 . Tnh s ngt ngt X.
khi A v Z ca X , vit cu hnh electron
HS: lm bi tp
ca nguyn t nguyn t X cho bit X thuc Bi 6: Ngt ca hai ngt X , Y ln lc c phn lp e ngoi cng l
loi nguyn t
4px v 4sy cho bit X khng phi l kh him. cho bit X v Y l kim
- Vit cu hnh electron ca ccc ngt c s loi hay phi kim bit tng s e ca hai phn lp ngoi cng ca ngt
Z nh sau : 15, 22, 28, 34, 39,42.
hai ngt bng 7e.
Trang 3
Son ngy:. / .. / .
Tit 5
LUYN TP: CU TO V NGUYN T
I. Mc tiu bi hc:
1. Kin thc:
-Hc sinh nm vng:
+ V nguyn t c cc lp v phn lp electron.
+ Chiu tng mc nng lng ca lp, phn lp.
+ S electron ti a trong mt lp, mt phn lp.
+ Cch vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t, t cu hnh suy tnh cht.
2. K nng :
-Hc sinh vn dng:
+ Vit cu hnh electron
+ D on tnh cht nguyn t.
3. Thi :
- Hc sinh c thc on kt tt khi lm vic nhm, c trch nhim vi cng vic c giao, nhim v c giao.
II. Chun b:
GV: S phn b mc nng lng ca cc lp v cc phn lp (hnh 1.10)
HS: Chun b trc bi luyn tp, kin thc v s phn b electron trn v nguyn t, cch vit cu hnh electron
nguyn t.
III. Tin trnh dy hc:
1) n nh lp:
A1:/.: ..
A3:/.: ..
2) Kim tra bi c (3 HS ln bng)
1- Bi tp 4/28 SGK;
2- Bi tp 5/28 SGK;
3-Bi tp 6/28 SGK
3) Hot ng dy hc:
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung
I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
Hot ng 1: GV t chc tho lun chung a) Lp v phn lp
cho c lp cng n li kin thc.
STT lp (n)
1
2
3
4
-V mt nng lng, nhng e nh th no
Tn ca lp
K
L
M
N
c xp vo cng 1 lp, cng 1 phn lp?
S e ti a
2
8
18
32
-S e ti a lp n l bao nhiu?
S phn lp
1
2
3
4
-Lp n c bao nhiu phn lp ? Ly v d
K hiu phn 1s
2s2p
3s3p3d
4s4p4d4f
khi n=1, 2, 3
lp
S e ti a 2
2, 6
2, 6, 10
2, 6, 10,14
phn lp v
lp
b) Mi quan h gia lp e ngoi cng vi loi nguyn t:
Cu hnh e lp ns1
ns2np2
ns2np3
ns2np6
2
2
4
- S e ti a mi phn lp l bao nhiu?
ngoi cng
ns
ns np
(He:1s2)
2
1
2
5
ns np
ns np
S e thuc lp 1, 2, 3
4
5, 6, 7
8
ngoi cng
(He:2)
Loi nguyn t Kimloi
Kloi
phikim
Kh him
(tr
H, hay
He,B)
pkim
Tnh cht c
bn ca ngt
II. Bi tp:
Hot ng 2: GV t chc cho HS cng
1) Bi tp trc nghim:
lm bt.
- Cu 1, 2, 3, 4/22 SGK v bi tp SBT theo bi hc.
- Cu 1, 2, 3 /28 SGK v bi tp SBT theo bi hc.
2) Bi tp t lun:
Trang 4
Dng 1:Xc nh s ht p, n, e
-Bi 6/22 SGK
-HS ln bng lm
-Bi 4/28 SGK
+Lu :Z N 1,5Z(*)
-GV cng HS tng kt, rt ra kt lun nhn +Lp biu thc:2Z+N=13
xt cn nh.
Kt hp BT(*) bin lun N, Z
Dng 2: Vit cu hnh electron
- Bi 6/28 SGK
- Bi 6,8/30 SGK
- T cu hnh d on tnh cht nguyn t
- Bi 7/28 SGK
4) Cng c:
-Tnh s ht p, n, e
-Cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t
-D on tnh cht nguyn t da trn cu hnh electron
5) Dn d v bi tp v nh:
-Hc k cc kin thc trng tm ca bi 4 v bi 5 V lm bi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9/30 SGK v cc bi tp theo bi hc sch
bi tp.
5. Dn d: btvn : hai nguyn t A v B thuc cng chu k v hai nhm k tip nhau trong bng tun hon .Xc nh
v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon bit tng s proton trong A v B bng 51.
mnh dn.
1.
S bin i tnh cht trong mt nhm A:
Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht
nhn, tnh k.loi ca cc ngt mnh dn ng thi tnh
p.kim yu dn.
Bai 1 :
Hy sp xp cc nguyn t sau theo th t. gii thch ?
a. Tnh kim loi tng dn: Na , Mg , Al , Si ,P ,K.
b. Tnh phi kim gim dn : As, Se , Br , Cl, F.
Bi 2 :
Mt ngt c xit cao nht l R2O7. Ngt y to vi hiro
mt cht kh trong hiro chim 0,78 % v khi lng.
Hy xc nh nguyn t y .
S: MR= 127 , R l I2.
Bi 3 :
Cho 0,2 mol oxit ca nguyn t thuc nhm chnh nhm
III tc dng vi axit HCl c d th thu c 53,5 gam
mui khan, hy xc nh nguyn t y.
S: Nguyn t Al.
Trang 9
I.
STT ca nhmA
2. GV: vy ngc li nu bit v tr ca mt ngt
ta c th suy ra c cu to ngt ca mt ngt.
HS lm v d:
V d 1: Nguyn t c STT l 19; chu k 4; nhm
IA. HS nu cu to nguyn t.
V d 2: nguyn t R c cu hnh e la 1s 2 2s2 2p6
3s2 3p4..C th suy ra c nhng g?
3. GV: khi bit c v tr ca mt ngt trong
bng HTTH th c th suy ra tnh cht c bn ca
ngt . l nhng t/cht no?
HS: ta c th bit c nguyn t l kim loi
phi kim kh him; cng thc oxit cao nht, hp
cht vi hidro ( nu c), tnh axit baz
HS lm v d 3: nguyn t lu hunh c STT l
16, thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA.Vy
4. GV: Da vo cc quy lut s bin i tnh
cht ca cc nguyn t v LTH ta c th so
snh tnh cht ca mt nguyn t hay hp cht
tng ng vi cc nguyn t khc.
HS lm v d so snh tnh cht ca P vi Si v S;
vi N v As.
GV yu cu HS pht biu quy lut ca s bin
i tnh kim loi phi kim theo chu k v theo
nhm,s bin i tnh axit baz theo chu k, t
rt ra kt lun.
Trang 12
HS tr li cu hi:
BT 6. SGK trang 54. Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3, nhm
- c im ca chu k.
VIA trong bng tun hon.
a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron
- c im ca nhm A
GV yu cu HS lm cc bi tp l thuyt t lun 6 lp electron ngoi cng?
b) Lp electron ngoi cng l lp th my?
trong SGK, 20 trong SBT.
c) Vit s electron tng lp electron.
HS da theo sgk gii bi tp.
BT 2.49 SBT trang 20
a) So snh tnh phi kim ca: Si, Al v P
b) So snh tnh phi kim ca: Si, C v Ge
4. Cng c
- HS nhc li cc quy lut bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t ha hc. HS pht biu nh lut tun hon.
5. Dn d bi tp v nh
- V nh n tp li bi c v c trc bi chun b cho tit hc sau.
Hot ng 3:
- GV yu cu HS vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Cl.
- GV: HD HS tm hiu s to thnh ion Cl- HS so snh cu hnh e ca ion Cl - vi cu hnh e ca kh
him gn nht (Ar)
- GV cho HS vn dng: vit phng trnh nhn electron ca
cc ngt O, N.
-HS:nhn xt v s to thnh cc ion: Cl-, O2- GV kt lun v hng dn gi tn cc anion phi kim(gi theo
tn gc axit tr O2-gi l anion oxit).
Hot ng 4:
- GV: rt ra kt lun v ion n nguyn t v ion a nguyn t
v hng dn HS nghin cu SGK bit tn cc ion a
nguyn t.
Hot ng 5:
-GV:lin kt gia Na+v Cl- l lin kt ion.
- HS: rt ra nhn xt v lin kt ion.
- GV: kt lun
Hot ng 6:
- HS: quan st m hnh tinh th NaCl.
- GV: m t mng tinh th ion (NaCl)
- GV: tho lun vi HS v cc tnh cht m cc em bit khi
s dng mui n hng ngy nh trng thi vt l, tnh tan trong
nc.
- GV c th cho HS bit tnh dn in ca dung dch mui n.
1e2 2NaCl
Pt: 2Na 2+ Cl
Vy: Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh bi
lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tri du.
III. Tinh th ion
1. Tinh th NaCl
th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th ion.
2. Tnh cht chung ca hp cht ion.
- Cc hp cht ion u kh rn, kh nng chy,
kh bay hi, tan nhiu trong nc. Khi nng chy
v khi tan trong nc chng dn in cn trng
thi rn th khng dn in.
Hot ng 7.
Bi 1 : Bit K,Mg,Al thuc nhm IA,IIA,IIIA cho GV : cho hs lm bi tp
bit cu hnh electron ca cc ion K+,Mg2+,Al3+.
GV : nhn xt v cho im.
Bi 2 : Hp cht A c cng thc RX trong R
chim 22,33% v khi lng .Tng s cc ht GV : dng cc cu hi gi m gip dnh hng pp gii bi
trong A bng 149 .Tng s proton ca R v X tp
bng 46. S notron ca X = 3,75 ln s notron ca GV : cho hs lm bi tp .
R. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, vit cu hnh e GV : nhn xt v cho im.
nguyn t ca R v X. Cho bit bn cht lin kt
trong phn t RX.
GV:cho hs lm bi tp .
Bi 3:Hy gii thch bn cht ca cc lin kt
GV : nhn xt v cho im.
trong cc hp cht sau : Al2O3 , CaCl2 ,Na2S.
4.Cung co: trong khi luyen tap.
5. Dan do: btvn :Hay giai thch s tao thanh lien ket trong cac hp
chat sau : K2O, NaNO3 , MgSO4.
Trang 15
I. Mc tiu bi hc.
1.Kin thc c bn:
- Nm c bn cht ca lin kt cng ho tri , lin kt phi tr. Nm c cch xc nh ho tr
ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht cng ho tr v trong hp cht ion. Cch xc nh s xiha ca
cc nguyn t .
2.K nng:
- Vn dng kin thc vo vic gii quyt cc bi tp c th.
3. Thi .
- Gio dc cho HS lun c thc t hc t rn luyn c s chun b bi tt khi n lp
II. Chun b
- GV:
- HS: Kin thc c c lin quan.
C/ TIN TRNH LN LP
1.n nh lp :
A1:./..:
A3:./..:....
2. Kim tra bi c :
- Nu bn cht ca lin kt CHT ,cho v d.
- Ho tr ca mt nguyn t c xc nh nh th no ? nu cc qui tc xc nh s xiha ca cc
nguyn t
3. Bi mi :
Ni dung
Hot ng ca thy v tr
A.. Lin kt cho - nhn
* Gio vin yu cu hc sinh nhn xt v s
Trong mt s trng hp, cp electron chung ch do mt electron lp ngoi cng ca S v O. T yu
nguyn t ng gp th lin kt gia hai nguyn t l lin cu hc sinh gii thch v s to thnh phn t
kt cho nhn.
SO2 theo quy tc bt t.
V d: Phn t SO2.
* Khi hc sinh khng gii quyt c gio
S
vin gii thch v s to thnh lin kt trong
phn t SO2.
O
O
=> iu kin c lin kt cho nhn
Gv: cho hs lm bai tp
Bi 1 : Vit cng thc cu to ca cc hp cht sau v cho
bit bn cht ca cc li kt trong cc hp cht : Na 2CO3 , GV : nhn xt v cho im
GV: dng cc cu hi gi m gip hs nh
K2SO4 , Cl2O7, Ca2(PO4)3.
Bi 2 : Trong hp cht AB 2 A,B l hai ngt cng mt hng pp gii bi tp
nhm A thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon GV : cho hs lm bi tp
GV: nhn xt v cho im.
.Tng s proton trong ht nhn ngt ca A v B l 24
22a. Vit cu hnh electron ca A v B v cc ion A v B .
b.Vit cng thc cu to ca phn t AB 2 v cho bit phn
t c loi lin kt no?
S : SO2. GV: yu cu hs nu qui tc xc nh bn cht
Bi 3 : Da vo m in , hy sp xp theo chiu tng ca lin kt da vo m in.
phn mc ca lin kt gia hai ngt trong ph/t cc cht sau GV : cho hs lm bi tp
Gv: nhn xt v cho im .
: CaO , MgO , AlN, N2 , NaBr , BCl3 , AlCl3 , CH4.
Bi 4: Vit cng thc cu to v xc nh ho tr ca cc
GV: cho hs ln bng lm bi tp
ngt trong cc hp cht sau : N2O5, AlCl3, KNO3, C2H4,
GV nhn xt v cho im
NH4Cl, Ca(HCO3)2.
Bi 5: Xc nh s xiha ca cc ngt trong cc hp cht
sau : Fe ,CO2 , HNO3 ,Cu(NO3)2 , H2SO4 ,ZnSO4, K2Cr2O7,
Cl2 , NH4NO3.
Bi 6 : Ngt R c tng s ht bng 52. Ngt R c hai loi
ng v. ng v th hai c tng s phn t nhiu hn ng HS vn dng qui tc xc nh s xiha
v th nht ni trn 2 ht v c 120 ngt ca ngt R th c 30 xc nh s xiha ca cc nguyn t trong
hp cht.
ngt ng v th hai . Xc nh ngt khi trung bnh ca R
v vit cng thc cu to ca xit cao nht ca R.
S : R l Cl ngt khi trung bnh ca R bng 35,4 ,cng thc GV dng cc cu hi gi m gip hs nh
hng pp gii bi tp
oxit cao nht ca R l Cl2O7.
GV cho hs ln bng lm bi tp.
Gv: nhn xet v cng c cho hs.
Trang 16
Trang 17
Hot ng 2:
GV nu quy tc
GV phn tch lm mu vi NH3
HS vn dng: Xc nh cng ha tr cc nguyn t
trong H2O, CH4
Hot ng 3:
GV t vn : S oxi ha thng c nghin cu
trong phn ng oxi ha-kh.
GV trnh by khi nim s oxi ha.
II. S oxi ha
1. Khi nim: S oxi ha ca mt ngt trong phn t l
in tch ca ngt ngt trong phn t, nu gi nh
rng lin kt gia cc ngt trong phn t l lin kt ion.
Hot ng 4:
GV hi: Trnh by tng quy tc xc nh s oxi
ha. Nu cch vit s oxi ha?
2. Quy tc xc nh.
- Quy tc 1: S oxi ha ca nguyn t trong cc n
cht bng khng.
- Quy tc 2: Trong hu ht cc h/cht. S oxi ha ca
hiro =1+ (tr hirua kim loi).
HS Nu quy tc v vn dng xc nh s oxi ha S oxi ha ca oxi = -2 ( tr OF2, peoxit)
ca nguyn t trong: H2O, MgO, Fe2O3, MnO2, - Quy tc 3:
KMnO4
+ S oxi ha ca cc ion n nguyn t bng in tch
ca ion . Trong ion a nguyn t, tng s s oxi ha
ca cc ngt bng in tch ca ion.
- Quy tc 4: Trong mt phn t, tng s s oxi ha ca
cc nguyn t bng khng.
4. Cng c luyn tp
Cng
Cng ha
S oxi ha
thc
tr ca
ca
N l 3
N l 0
NN
Cl l 1
Cl l 0
Cl Cl
HO H
H l 1
H l +1
O l 2
O l -2
Cng thc
NaCl
CaCl2
in ha tr
ca
Na l 1+
Cl l 1Ca l 2+
Cl l 1-
S oxi ha
ca
Na l +1
Cl l -1
Ca l +2
Cl l -1
- Vn dng kin thc hc hy x.nh in ho tr, cng ho tr, s oxi ho ca cc ngt trong cc hp cht sau: (NH 4)2SO4, Fe(H2PO2)2, FeSO4, HNO3, HClO, Na3PO4, K2Cr2O7.
5. Dn d Bi tp v nh
Lm cc bi tp cn li trong SGK v trong SBT ca chng.
Trang 18
Trang 19
Hot ng 3:
GV t chc cho HS tho lun vn th ba: in
ha tr.
Hot ng 4:
Da vo bng tun hon :
GV t chc cho HS tho lun vn th t: Ha tr
cao nht vi oxi v ha tr vi hiro
Hot ng 5:
GV t chc cho HS tho lun vn th nm: S
oxi ha
HS nu cc quy tc xc nh s oxi ha.
Hot ng 6:
GV t chc cho HS tho lun vn th su:
m in v hiu m in.
- GV yu cu HS nhc li mi tng quan gia
m in, hiu m in vi lin kt ha hc.
Hot ng 7:
GV t chc cho HS cng c k nng gii 2 bi tp
trn.
4. Cng c - luyn tp.
Cng c
- Phiu hc tp.
- Bi tp 3.45, 3.56 SBT trang 26
5. Dn d Bi tp v nh.
- Xem bi Phn ng oxi ha kh.
- Bi tp: 3.46 3.50 SBT trang 26.
p dng: BT 7 / SGK 76
in ha tr ca:
- Nguyn t kim loi (IA): 1+
- Nguyn t phi kim (VIA): 2- Nguyn t phi kim (VIIA): 1p dng: BT 8 / SGK 76
- Nguyn t c cng cng ha tr trong oxit cao nht:
RO2
R2O5
RO3
R2O7
Si, C
P, N
S, Se
Cl, Br
- Nguyn t c cng cng ha tr trong hp cht kh
vi hiro:
RH4
RH3
RH2
RH
Si
N, P, As
S,Te
F, Cl
p dng: BT 9 / SGK 76
-
Phn t:
+4
+1 +5 2
+1 +7 2
K MnO 4 , H 3 P O 4
2
3 +1
Ion: C O 2 , N
H4
3
p dng: BT 3 / SGK 76
Lin kt ion: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3.
Lk CHT c cc: SiO2, P2O5, SO3.
Lk CHT khng cc: Cl2O7
- Cn bng nhanh chng cc PTHH ca phn ng oxi ha kh n gin theo phng php thng bng electron.
3. Thi .
- Gio dc cho hc sinh lun c thu hc tp nghim tc, c trch nhim trong cng vic c giao, c thc bo v
mi trng, hiu c nghin cu khoa hc lun gn lin vi cuc sng v phc v cho cuc sng.
II. Chun b.
- GV: gio n son h thng cu hi v nhng kin thc c bn ca bi.
- HS: Kin thc c v ho tr v s oxi ho v kin thc c c lin quan.
1. Tin trnh by hc
2. n nh t chc
A1:/..:
A3:/..:
2. Kim tra bi c
- Khi nim s oxi ha v quy tc xc nh s oxi ha.
3. Bi mi.
Hot ng ca thy v tr
Ni dung
Hot ng 1:
I. nh ngha
GV: Yu cu hc sinh:
- Cht kh (cht b oxi ha) l cht nhng electron ( c s oxi
- Nhc li quan nim c. Ch ra bn cht ha tng)
phn ng oxi ho kh. Cht kh, cht oxi - Cht oxi ha (cht b kh) l cht nhn electron ( c s oxi ha
ha. Qu trnh kh, qu trnh oxi ha. Nu gim)
nh ngha
- Qu trnh oxi ha (s oxi ha) l qu trnh nhng electron.
- Qu trnh kh (s kh) l qu trnh nhn e.
Hot ng 2:
- Phn ng oxi ha kh l phn ng ha hc trong c s
GV: cho HS nhc li nh ngha phn ng oxi chuyn e gia cc cht phn ng. Hay phn ng oxi ha-kh l
ho - kh.
phn ng ha hc trong c s thay i s oxi ha ca mt s
GV lu : s oxi ha v s kh l hai q/trnh ngt.
tri ngc nhau, nhng din ra ng thi
trong mt ph/ng.
Hot ng 5
GV Yu cu HS nhc li nguyn tc v
cc bc cn bng phn ng theo
phng php thng bng electron.
4. Cng c
Bi tp 2, 3, 4 SGK / 86
5. Dn d Bi tp v nh:
HS chun b bi Luyn tp Phn ng oxi ha kh.
Bi tp: 1, 5 9 SGK / 86, 87.
4. Cng c:
- Khi ho tan hon ton m gam Zn vo lng d dung dch H2SO4 thu c 3,2 gam S v 2,24 ltt kh H2S (kc)
tnh m v cn bng ptp .
Zn + H2SO4
ZnSO4 + S + H2S +H2O
5. Dn d: btvn :
- Lm cc bi tp trong sch bi tp.
Trang 24
NI DUNG C BN
I- Cu hnh electron ngt - Cu to phn t:
- Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t
halogen u c 7 electron: ns2np5
=> khuynh hng c trng l nhn thm 1e c cu hnh
electron tng t kh him.
Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca cc halogen l tnh oxi ha
mnh
- trng thi t do, hai ngt halogen gp chung 1 i e
to ra phn t c lin kt cng ha tr khng cc X X
III- S bin i tnh cht:
1- Bin i tnh cht vt l ca cc n cht:
i t Flo n Iot ta thy:
- Trng thi tp hp: t th kh chuyn sang th lng v th
rn: - Mu sc: m dn
- Nhit nng chy v nhit si: tng dn
2- S bin i m in:
- m in tng i ln v gim dn khi i t Flo n Iot
- Flo c m in ln nht nn ch c s oxi ha -1; Cc
halogen khc ngoi s oxi ha -1 cn c cc s oxi ha +1,
+3, +5, +7
3- Bin i t.cht ha hc ca cc n cht:
SGK
II. Bi tp.
HS lm bi tp trong sch bi tp vo v.
GV gii p nhng thc mc hc sinh gp phi khi lm b
tp.
4- Cng c, dn d
GV yu cu HS lm mt s BT trong SGK tr 96 cng c.
GV yu cu HS v nh chun b ni dung bi mi. Lm cc BTVN.
2. Tc dng vi hidro:
- Khi chiu sng hn hp hidro v clo, phn ng xy ra
nhanh v c th n
Trang 26
Hot ng 2:
- GV yu cu HS vit p/ gia H2 vi clo.
- HS vit p, xc nh s oxiha ca cc ngt, suy ra
0
+11
Cl 2 2 HCl
Cl
+ H2O
H Cl
+1
HClO
2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
2NaCl +2H2O
C mng ngg
II. Bi tp.
Bi 1 : Hon thnh s chuyn ho sau :
NaCl --> HCl --> Cl2 ---> NaClO ---> NaCl---> Cl2 -->
KClO3
Bi 2 : Cho hn hp MgO v MgCO 3 tc dng vi dung
dch HCl 20% th c 6,72 lt kh (kc) v 38 gam mui
a) Tnh % khi lng hn hp ban u .
b) Tnh khi lng axit cn dng
c) Tnh C% cc cht trong dd sau phn ng .
S : %MgO = 13,7 % , %MgCO3 = 86,3%
mddHCl = 146 (g): C% ( MgCl2) = 23,45%
Bi 3 : T cc ho cht HCl, MnO2,CaCl2 , H2SO4 m c
hy vit cc phng trnh phan ng iu ch Cl2 v HCl.
Bi 4 : Bng pp ho hc hy phn bit cc dung dch cha
trong cc l mt nhn sau : NaCl, Na 2SO4, H2SO4, KOH,
NaNO3 .
Bi 5: Ch dng qu tm hy phn bit cc cht: Na 2SO4,
NaOH, HCl, Ba(OH)2 v AgNO3.
Bi 6: Hon thnh s chuyn ho sau :
Fe ---> FeCl2 ---> FeCl3 ---> FeCl2---> Fe(OH)2 ---> FeSO4
---> Fe2(SO4)3
2NaOH+H2+Cl2
2NaCl+2H2O
C mng ngg
Hot ng 5:
GV t chc cho hc sinh lm cc bi tp.
GV : Cho hs hon thnh ptp .
GV nhn xt sa cha nhng sai st ca hs v cho
im .
Gv: nh hng cho hs gii bt
GV: Cho hs trnh bi bi gii
GV nhn xt v nhn mnh cc kin thc trng tm
v cho im.
GV : Cho hs trnh by v vit ptp iu ch .
GV nhn xt sa cha nhng sai st ca hs v cho
im .
GV: Cho hs trnh by pp nhn bit v vit ptp
GV : nhn xt v cho im
GV: Cho hs hon thnh ptp
GV nhn xt v nhn mnh cc kin thc trng tm
v cho im.
Trang 27
1- Cu to phn t:
H:
: H - Cl
Hot ng 2:
Cl
-GV
gii
thiu
cho
HS
cch iu ch kh HCl ri yu
CT: e
CTCT
cu HS tnh t khi ca n so vi khng kh =>(d =
-L hp cht cng ho tr, phn cc
1,26)
2- Cch iu ch v tnh cht:
- iu ch: Kh HCl c iu ch trong phng th Sau cho HS quan st th nghim nghin cu tan
ca HCl trong nc SGK v yu cu hc sinh a ra
nghim nh sau:
+ Cho NaCl tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric c kt lun.
HS quan st v rt ra kt lun
nng.
+ Clo ho Hirocacbon no. PT
C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl
Hot ng 3:
- Hidroclorua l kh khng mu, mi sc, nng hn khng
-GV
yu
cu
HS
t
ly vd v phn ng ca axit HCl
kh. d = 1,26
vi
kim
loi
hot
ng,
oxit baz, baz, mui. Sa sai.
- Kh hidroclorua tan nhiu trong nc.
II. Axit clohidric:
- GV yu cu HS xc nh s thay i s oxi ho ca
1) Tnh cht ho hc:
- Axit clohidric l axit mnh: Lm qu tm ho , tc cc ngt tm cht oxi ho v cht kh, rt ra kt
lun .
dng kim loi trc hiro, oxit baz, baz, mui
Zn + 2HCl
ZnCl2 + H2
CaO + 2HCl
CaCl2 + H2O
NaOH + HCl
NaCl + H2O
CaCO3 + 2HCl
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Hot ng 4:
-Axit clohidric c tnh kh:
GV
t
chc
cho
hc
sinh lm cc bi tp sau:
+4
+
2
0
1
Mn O + 4 HCl
Mn Cl + Cl +2H2O
2
B. Bi tp.
Bi 1 : Cho 50 gam CaCO3 tc dng va vi dung dch
HCl 20% ( D = 1,2 g/ml )
a.Hy tnh khi lng v th tch dung dch axit cn dng
b. Tnh C% dung dch sau phn ng .
S: a. mddHCl = 182,5 gam, VddHCl = 150,08ml
Trang 28
b. C%(CaCl2) = 26,36%
Bi 2 : Cho 26,6 gam hn hp KCl v NaCl ho tan vo
nc c 50 gam dung dch . Cho dung dch trn tc
dng va vi AgNO3 th c 57,4 gam kt ta
a. Tnh % khi lng cc mui c trong hn hp
u.
b. Tnh C% ca dung dch mui.
S : %mKCl = 56% , %mNaCl = 44%
C% KCl= 2,18% , C%NaCl = 2,34%
4. Cng c: trong khi luyn tp.
5. Dn d: btvn : Mun ho tan hon ton 42,2 gam hn hp Zn v ZnO ngi ta phi dng 100,8 ml dung dch HCl
36,5% ( D = 1,19 g/ml) th thu c 0,4 mol kh .Tnh %m hn hp u .
Hon thnh s chuyn ho sau :
KClO3 ---> O2 ---> Fe3O4 ---> FeCl2 ----> FeCl3 ---> Cl2.
KCl ---> HCl ---> Cl2 ---> CaCl2 ---> Ca(OH)2 ---> CaOCl2.
Hot ng 1:
-HS bit cch iu ch kh HCl, dung dch
HCl. GV thng bo y phng php iu
ch HCl trong phng th nghim v phng
php sn xut HCl trong cng nghim.
3) iu ch:
a- Trong phng th nghim:
S iu ch ( SGK ) trang 100.
NaCl + H2SO4
NaHSO4 +HCl ( < 2500)
2NaCl + H2SO4
Na2SO4 + 2HCl ( > 4000)
b-Sn xut axit clohidric trong cng nghip:
- GV: Gii thiu thm cho hc sinh v cng - iu ch trc tip t hiro v clo
ngh sn xut HCl t NaCl v H2SO4 sau yu S sabr xut xem hnh 5.7 SGK.
cu HS vit phng trnh ho hc.
Phng trnh: H2 + Cl2 2HCl
- HS Theo di GV gii thiu v vit phng Hin nay, cng ngh sn xut HCl i t NaCl cng c p
trnh ho hc theo
dng trong cng nghip (phng php sunfat) theo phng
trnh :
Hot ng 2:
2NaCl + H2SO4
Na2SO4 + 2HCl ( > 4000)
-GV hi v ng dng ca NaCl v thng bo III. Mui clorua v nhn bit ion clorua:
thm mt s ng dng ca mui HS cha bit.
1. Mt s mui clorua:
- Mui ca axit clohiric gi l mui clorua, hu ht tan
- GV biu din th nghim nhn bit ion Cl- ( tr AgCl, CuCl, PbCl2 )
trong dd HCl, NaCl. Kt lun v cch nhn bit - ng dng: SGK
ion Cl-.
2. Nhn bit ion clorua:
Hot ng 3
-S dng dung dch AgNO3, to kt ta AgCl trng
GV T chc cho hc sinh t lm cc bi tp NaCl + AgNO3
NaNO3 + 2AgCl
sau:
HCl + AgNO3
HNO3 + AgCl
IV. Bi tp luyn tp
GV Cho hc sinh ln bng lm cc bi tp bn Bi 1: Vit ph/trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho ln lt cc
ri nh gi nhn xt v cho im.
cht trong nhm A {HCl, Cl 2} tc dng vi ln lt cc
cht trong nhm B {Cu, AgNO3, NaOH, CaCO3}. Vit
phng trnh phn ng ca HCl(nu c) vi MnO 2,
GV : Cho hs trnh by pp gii bi tp gv nhn
KMnO4, Fe, Cu, Fe2O3, Cu(OH)2
xt lu v cho hs ln bng lm bi tp.
Bi 2: Cho 30,6g hn hp 2 mui Na2CO3 v CaCO3 tc
dng vi axit HCl va . Sau phn ng thu c 6,72 lit
kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng mi mui Cacbonat.
GV nhn xt sa cha nhng sai st ca hs v
Bi 3: Cho 6,3g hn hp Al v Mg tc dng va vi
cho im .
dung dch HCl 0,4M(d=1,2g/ml) th thu c 6,72 lit kh
(ktc).
Bi 4: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin chui
phn ng sau (ghi r iu kin): CaCO 3 CaCl2 NaCl
NaOH NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 AgCl
4- Cng c luyn tp:
-Ly v d bng phn ng chng minh HCl c y tnh cht ca mt axit v c tnh cht ring l tnh kh.
-Nu cch nhn bit ion Cl- trong dung dch
- Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin cc dy chuyn ho sau (ghi r iu kin)
a.
NaCl (1) HCl (2) FeCl2 (3) FeCl3 (4) AgCl (5) Cl2
b.
MnO2 (1) Cl2 (2) HCl (3) Cl2 (4) NaCl (5) Cl2.
5- Dn d bi tp v nh:
-Hc k cc kin thc trng tm ca bi 23.
-Chun b ni dung bi 24 v lm bi tp cn li trang106 SGK.
Trang 30
4. Cng c:
1) Cho cc cht sau: KCl, CaCl2 , MnO2 , H2SO4 c. Trn 2 hoc 3 cht vi nhau. Trn nh th no to thnh hiro
clorua? Trn nh th no to thnh clo? Vit phng trnh phn ng.
2) Cho 30,6g hn hp 2 mui Na2CO3 v CaCO3 tc dng vi axit HCl va . Sau phn ng thu c 6,72 lit kh
(ktc). Tnh khi lng mi mui Cacbonat.
3) Cho 6,3g hn hp Al v Mg tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 0,4M(d=1,2g/ml) th thu c 6,72 lit kh (ktc).
a. Tnh % v khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp
b. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng
c. Tnh C% dung dch sau phn ng
4) Ly 7,8g hn hp Al v Al2O3 ha tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 3,36 lit H2(ktc).
a. Tnh % v khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp
b. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng
c. Tnh khi lng mui nhm thu c sau phn ng.
5) ha tan mt hn hp Zn v ZnO ngi ta phi dng 100,8ml dung dch HCl 36,5%(d=1,19). Phn ng gii phng
0,4 mol kh. Tm khi lng hn hp.
5. Dn d v bi tp v nh:
- Hc k cc kin thc trng tm ca bi 24 v lm bi1, 2, 4, 5/108 SGK
- Xem trc bi 25
bit)
-HS c sgk, GV m rng thm kin thc.
-Hot ng 3:
-So snh vi clo v flo, nu tnh cht ho hc c
bn ca brom? Vit phn ng.
- Kt lun :
+ Brom l cht oxi ho mnh
+ F2 > Cl2 > Br2
-Hot ng 4:
-GV hng dn HS d on tnh cht ho hc ca
iot. Nu phn ng minh ho
-HS kt lun :
+Iot l cht oxi ho
+ F2 > Cl2 > Br2 >I2
GV nhn mnh cch nhn bit iot
-Hot ng 4:
GV t chc cho HS lm cc bi tp sau:
GV: cho hs trnh by pp nhn bit v vit ptp
GV: cho hs gii thch
mn thu tinh.
SiO2 + 4HF
SiF4 + 2H2O
2- Sn xut Flo trong cng nghip: (sgk)
- Nguyn tc : chuyn F- v F2
II- Brom:
1- Tnh cht ho hc:
- L cht oxi ho mnh(yu hn so vi Cl2, F2)
+ Tc dng vi k.loi: 2Al + 3Br2
2AlBr3
+ Tc dng vi hiro: H2 + Br2
2HBr
+ Tc dng chm vi H2O:
H2O + Br2
HBr + HBrO
- Kh hidrobromua tan trong nc to thnh dung dch axit
bromhiric. y l axit mnh (mnh hn dung dch HCl).
2- Sn xut trong cng nghip:
2NaBr + Cl2
2NaCl + Br2
III- Iot:
1- Tnh cht ho hc:
- Iot c tnh oxi ho yu hn Br2, Cl2, F2
H2 + I2
2HI (4500, Pt)
H2O
2Al + 3I2
2AlI3
2NaI +Cl2
2NaCl + I2
2NaI +Br2
2NaBr + I2
- Iot hu nh khng phn ng vi nc.
- Kh hidro iotua tan trong nc to thnh dung dch axit
iothiric. y l axit mnh (mnh hn dung dch HCl, HBr)
- Iot c tnh cht c trng l tc dng vi h tinh bt to
thnh hp cht c mu xanh
IV- BI TP:
Bi 1: Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc dung
dch cha trong cc l mt nhn sau: NaCl, NaBr, NaI, HCl,
H2SO4, NaOH.
Bi 2: Gii thch v sao trong cc hp cht flo ch c s oxi
ho l -1 trong khi cc nguyn t halogen khc ngoi s oxi
ho l -1 cn c th c cc s oxi ho +1 ,+3,+5,+7 ?
Bi 3: Cho 25gam dung dch nng 13% gm NaBr v
CaCl2 tc dng vi 108 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,5M sau khi
loi b kt ta ngi ta thm axit HCl vo dung dch thu
c li c thm 0,574gam kt ta na. Tnh khi lng
mi mui trong hn hp u .
S : m(NaBr) = 1,03 (g) , m(CaCl2) = 2,12 (g)
I. Mc tiu:
1. V kin thc:
- Hc sinh hiu c cc tnh cht ca oxy, ozon, bit c cc phn ng chng minh cc tnh cht . Hc sinh bit
c tm quan trng ca oxy trong i sng v trong sn xut. Hc sinh bit c nh hng ca kh ozon n i sng
tri t nh th no.
2. V k nng:
Rn luyn cho hc sinh k nng vit c phn ng ca oxi vi mt s kim loi v phi kim
3. V thi :
- Gio dc cho hc sinh lun c thc bo v ngun oxi t nhin bng cch bo v rng, bo v mi trng.
II. Chun b:
- GV:
- HS: Kin thc c lin quan
III. Tin trnh bi dy.
1. n nh t chc
A1:/..:
A3:/..:
2. Kim tra bi c: (Khng kim tra):
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng thy v tr
Ni dung
Hot ng 1:
A. OXI:
HS: Nu nhn xt cu hnh e, t suy ra: oxi d thu III. Tnh cht ha hc:
thm 2 => oxi c tnh oxi ha mnh.
- Oxi d nhn thm 2e, m in ln c
GV: Oxi th hin tnh oxi ha mnh nh th no?
tnh oxi ha mnh. Trong cc hp cht, thng
HS: nu cc cht m oxi c th tc dng m HS c th hin s oxi ha l -2.
hc trc .
1. Tc dng vi nhiu kim loi (tr Ag, Pt,
Hot ng 2:
Au)
GV: oxi tc dng vi nhiu kim loi, tr Ag; Pt,Au.
+2 -2
0
0
t
HS vit ptp, xc nh s oxi ha ca cc ngt v cn
2Mg + O2 2MgO
bng phn ng.
3Fe + 2O2 t Fe3O4
GV: Oxi cn tc dng c vi nhiu phi kim, tr nhm 2. Tc dng vi nhiu phi kim (tr halogen):
halogen.
0
0
+4 -2
HS: Vit ptp, xc nh s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t.
C+O2 t CO2
Hot ng 3:
S + O2 SO2: P + O2 t P2O5
GV: Gii thiu p / CO + O2 v cho hc sinh vit pthh.
GV: Da vo sch gio khoa, hy nu nhng ng dng 3. Tc dng vi hp cht:
0
0
+4 -2
ca oxi.
2CO+O
2CO
2
2.
HS: nu ng dng v t ghi phn ny.
C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
VI. ng dng:
- Oxi cn thit cho s chy v s sng.
- Oxi cn c s dng trong nhiu ngnh CN,
Hot ng 4:
GV: iu ch oxi trong PTN, ta dng cc cht giu v d cng nghip luyn kim
V. iu ch:
oxi v km bn nhit nh KMnO4, KClO3, H2O2
1. Trong phng th nghim:
HS: xem sch v ghi li phn ng.
GV: Lm th nghim iu ch oxi, thu oxi vo 3 l tam - Nhit phn thuc tm KMnO4:
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.
gic.
GV: Ngoi ra, trong cng nghip iu ch mt lng - Phn hy nc oxi gi:
ln oxi, thi phi i t nhng ngun khc nhau.
2H2O2 2H2O + O2.
HS: Xem sch gio khoa v ghi li phn ng.
2. Trong cng nghip:
a. T k.kh: Chng ct phn on k.kh.
b. T nc: in phn nc (cn mt t cht
in li: NaOH hoc H2SO4):
Hot ng 5:
2H2O 2H2 + O2.
GV: y l ni dung mi, GV hng dn HS c sch
B. OZON:
v ghi li phn ng.
I. Tnh cht:
- Ozon: mt dng th hnh ca oxi, CTPT: O3,
mu xanh nht, mi c trng, ha lng
0
Trang 34
Hot ng 6:
GV: Hng dn HS xem sch v ghi li. Gii thiu thm
v tc dng ca tng ozon v thc bo v mi trng
ca con ngi.
Hot ng 7:
GV hng dn hc sinh hc SGK v ghi li nhng ng
dng ca ozon.
HS theo hng dn ca GV c sgk v ghi li bi.
Hot ng 8:
GV t chc cho HS lm bi tp SGK
HS theo hng dn ca GV lm bi tp,
4. Cng c:
- Oxi c tnh oxi ha mnh, tc dng vi nhiu kim loi ( tr Ag, Pt, Au), tc dng vi nhiu phi kim ( tr nhm
halogen), tc dng vi nhiu hp chtCc phng php iu ch oxi trong phng TN v trong CN.
- Ozon (O3) c tnh oxi ha mnh hn oxi, tc dng c vi nhiu kim loi, k c Ag, ph hu nhiu hp cht
5. Dn d BTVN:
- Hc bi. Lm BT: 1 6 Trang 127 128 SGK
- c trc ni dung bi mi.
- Hc sinh c thc on kt tt khi lm vic nhm, c trch nhim vi cng vic c giao, nhim v c giao.
II. Chun b:
- GV:
- HS:
III. Tin trnh bi dy.
1. n nh t chc.
A1:/..:
A3:/..:
2. Kim tra bi c:
- Nu tnh cht ha hc ca oxi? Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha. Vit 2 phng trnh iu ch oxi trong phng
th nghim.
3. Bi mi:
Hot ng thy v tr
Ni dung ghi bi
Hot ng 1:
I. Tnh cht vt l:
GV: gii thiu cho HS bit lu hunh c 2 dng th 1. Hai dng th hnh ca lu hunh:
hnh.
Lu hunh t phng S v lun hunh n t S .
HS: xem sch, nu 2 dng th hnh, t ghi phn
Hai loi ny c th bi i qua li tu nhit .
ny.
2. nh hng ca nhit n tnh cht vt l:
Hot ng 2:
- t < 1130C: rn, mu vng
GV: yu cu hc sinh xem sch, lm th nghim
- 1190C: nng chy thnh cht lng mu vng, rt
HS: xem sch,quan st th nghim, nu s bin i.
linh ng.
- 1870C: qunh nht, mu nu .
- 4450C: si, thnh phn t nh bay hi.
Hot ng 3:
II. Tnh cht ha hc:
GV: Gii thiu cc s oxi ha ca lu hunh c th - Trong cc phn ng ha hc, lu hunh c s oxi
c khi tc dng vi cc cht khc nhau. HS nhn xt ha c th tng hoc gim, vy lu hunh c tnh oxi
v d n tnh cht ca lu hunh.
ha v tnh kh.
HS: nhn xt s oxi ha v d n tnh cht ca lu 1. Lu hunh tc dng vi kim loi v hidro:
hunh.
0
0 t0 +1
Hot ng 4:
H2 + S H20S-2(kh0 hidro sunfua)
GV: khi lu hunh tc dng vi kim loi hay hidro
t0
th s oxi ha gim t 0 xung -2, lu hunh th
Fe + S FeS ( st sunfua)
hin tnh cht g?
Lu hunh th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi
HS: vit phng trnh phng trnh phn ng , xc
kim loi v hidro.
nh s oxi ha v nu tnh cht ca lu hunh.
2. Lu hunh tc dng vi phi kim
Hot ng 5:
+4 -2
0 0
t0
GV: vy trong phn ng vi oxi, th lu hunh th
S + O2 SO2.
hin tnh cht g? GV gi HS lm th nghim t
0 0
t0 +6 -1
lu hunh torng khng kh.
S
+
F
SF6.
2
HS: vit phng trnh phn ng, xc nh s oxi
ha, nu vai tr ca lu hunh trong phn ng vi Lu hunh th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi oxi v
cc phi kim mnh hn..
oxi.
3. ng dng ca lu hunh:
GV: gii thiu thm phn ng ca lu hunh vi
Sn
xut axit sunfuric, lu ha cao su, ty trng bt
Flo.
giy,
dim, dc phm, phm nhum, thuc tr su
Hot ng 5:
III.
Bi tp
GV t chc cho hc sinh lm bi tp SGK
Bi tp sch gio khoa.
4. Cng c:
- Nu tnh cht ha hc ca lu hunh, vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha.
5. Dn d BTVN:
- Hc bi. Lm bi tp: 1 5 trang 132 SGK.
- Xem trc bi mi.
Trang 36
A/MC CH CA BI DY
1.Kin thc c bn: He thong hoa cac kien thc ve oxi va lu huynh .
2.K nng: Van dung kien thc vao viec giai quyet cac bai tap cu the.
B/PHNG PHP : m thoi, trao i- tho lun nhom
C/ TIN TRNH LN LP
1.n nh lp :
A1:/..:
A3:/..:
2. Kim tra bi c :
3. Bai mi :
Noi dung
Bai 1 : Nung 273,4 g hon hp KClO3 va KMnO4 thu
c 49,28 lt kh O2 (kc) .Xac nh % khoi lng
cua hon hp .
S : %m(KClO3) = 53,77% , %m(KMnO4) = 46, 23%
Bai 2 : Cho biet 1,1 g hon hp bot Fe va Al tac
dung va u vi 1,28 g S
a. Viet ptp
b. Tnh % ve so mol cua cac kim loai trong
hon hp .
S : %nFe = 33,33% ,%nAl = 66,67%.
bai 3 : ot chay chat X bang lng O 2 va u ta
thu c hon hp kh duy nhat la CO 2 va SO2 co t
khoi so vi H2 bang 28,667 va t khoi cua X so
vi khong kh nho hn 3 .Xac nh cong thc
phan t , viet cong thc cau e ,cong thc cau
tao cua X.
Trang 37
Ngay
soan:......../........./200...
Tie
t
25
A/MC CH CA BI DY
1.Kin thc c bn: He thong hoa cac kien thc ve cac hp chat cua S.
2.K nng: Van dung kien thc vao viec giai quyet cac bai tap cu the.
B/PHNG PHP : m thoi, trao i- tho lun nhom
C/ TIN TRNH LN LP
1.n nh lp :A1:/..:
A3:/..:
2. Kim tra bi c :
3. Bai mi :
Noi dung
Bai 1 : Bang pp hoa hoch hay nhan biet cac dung
dch cha trong cac lo mat nhan sau : Na 2S ,BaCl2 ,
HNO3 , H2SO4.
Bai 2 : Xac nh cac hp chat tng ng va hoan
thanh s o phan ng sau :
A1 ------------> A (ket tua)
A--Oxi nhiet o---> A2-- brom + A4----> A5 + A6
A3--+ A5 hay A6---> A1 + A7
Biet A tao c anion A2- co cau hnh e lp ngoai
cung la 3s23p6.
Bai 3 : Cho 200 ml dung dch hon hp 2 axit ( HCl va
H2SO4 ) cho tac dung vi lng d bot sat thoat ra
4,48 lt kh (kc) va dung dch A .Lay 1/10 dung dch A
cho tac dung vi dung dch BaCl 2 d ta thu c 2,33
g ket tua
a. Tnh nong o mol/l moi axit trong dung dch
ban au .
b. Tnh lng sat tham gia phan ng .
S : a. CMHCl = 1M , CM(H2SO4) = 0,5M.
b. mFe = 16,8 g .
Ngay
soan:......../........./200...
Tie
t
26
Trang 38
A/MC CH CA BI DY
1.Kin thc c bn: He thong hoa cac kien thc ve cac hp chat cua S.
2.K nng: Van dung kien thc vao viec giai quyet cac bai tap cu the.
B/PHNG PHP : m thoi, trao i- tho lun nhom
C/ TIN TRNH LN LP
1.n nh lp :
2. Kim tra bi c :
3. Bai mi :
Hoat ong cua thay
Noi dung
va tro
Bai 1 : hoan thanh s o chuyen hoa sau :
GV cho hs hoan thanh
FeS2 ---> SO2 --->S---> H2S---> H2SO4 ----> H2S--->SO2---> s o phan ng
H2SO4----> BaSO4 GV nhan xet va cha
Bai 2 : Hoa tan hoan toan 46,4 g mot oxit kim loai
cac sai sot hay gap
bang dung dch H2SO4 ac nong (va u ) thu c cua hs
2,24 lt kh SO2 (kc) va 120 g muoi .Xac nh cong
GV cho hs trnh bay pp
thc cua oxit kim loai .
giai bai tap va cho
S : Fe3O4.
hs len bang lam bai
bai 3 : Cho CO tac dung vi CuO un nong c
tap.
hon hp chat ran A va kh B .Hoa tan hoan toan
GV nhan xet va cho
A vao H2SO4 ac nong , cho B tac dung vi dung
iem
dch nc voi trong d . Viet ptp .
GVcho hs viet cac ptp
xay ra .
4.Cung co: trong khi luyen tap.
5. Dan do: btvn : Hon hp A gom 2 kim loai Mg va Zn , B la dung dch H 2SO4 co
nong o la X mol / l
- Trng hp 1 : Cho 24,3 g A vao 2 lit B sinh ra 8,96 lt kh H 2
- Trng hp 2 : Cho 24,3 gam A vao 3 lt B sinh ra 11,2 lt kh H 2
a. Hay chng minh trong t/h 1 th hon hp A cha tan het trong t/h 2 axit con d
b. Tnh nong o X mol/l cua dung dch B va % khoi lng moi kim loai trong A .
Ngay
soan:......../........./200...
Tie
t
27
A/MC CH CA BI DY
1.Kin thc c bn: He thong hoa cac kien thc ve cac hp chat cua S.
2.K nng: Van dung kien thc vao viec giai quyet cac bai tap cu the.
B/PHNG PHP : m thoi, trao i- tho lun nhom
C/ TIN TRNH LN LP
1.n nh lp :A1:/..:
A3:/..:
2. Kim tra bi c :
3. Bai mi :
Noi dung
Trang 39
va tro
GV cho hs trnh bay pp
giai bai tap va cho
hs len bang lam bai
tap.
GV nhan xet va cho
iem
GVcho hs viet cac ptp
xay ra .
Trang 40