Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc

1
Nguyn Th Chin
BI TP V C MTCT TP.
Bui 01 (12/11/2013)

Cu 1. (TH 2012)Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm m gam hn hp A gm Al v FexOy thu c
hn hp cht rn B.Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch C, phn khng
tan D v 0,672 lt H2.Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch C n khi thu c lng kt ta
ln nht ri lc kt ta,nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1 gam cht rn.Phn khng tan D
cho tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch E ch cha 1
mui st duy nht v 2,688 lt kh SO2.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t oxit st
b. Tnh gi tr ca m.
(Cho: Hiu sut cc phn ng t 100% v kh o ktc)

Cu 2. Mt hp cht AB
2
c tng s ht (p, n, e) bng 106, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 34. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t A nhiu hn B cng l 34.
S khi ca A ln hn s khi ca B l 23. Xc nh tn hp cht AB
2
.

Cu 3. Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc nhm A trong H thng tun hon. T l gia thnh phn
phn trm nguyn t R trong oxit cao nht vi thnh phn phn trm nguyn t R trong hp cht
kh vi hidro l
34
25 , 20
.
a.Xc nh nguyn t R.
b.Cho 4,05g mt kim loi M cha r ha tr tc dng ht vi n cht R trn th thu
c 40,05g mui. Xc nh nguyn t M.

Cu 4. Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c,
nng (d) .Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 0,504 lt kh SO
2
( sn phm kh duy nht) ,
iu kin chun v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat .
a. Tm cng thc ca Fe
x
O
y
.
b.Tnh phn trm khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp X.

Cu 5. (TH-2012)Dung dch X c cht tan l mui M(NO3)2. Ngi ta dng 200 ml dung dch
K3PO4 va phnng vi 200 ml dung dch X, thu c kt ta l M3(PO4)2 v dung dch
Y. Khi lng kt ta ( csy kh) khc khi lng M(NO3)2 ban u l 6,825 gam.
in phn 400 ml dung dch X bng dng in 1 chiu vi I =2,000 ampe ti khi khi lng
catot khng tng thm na th dng, c dung dch Z. Gi s s in phn c hiu sut 100%
a. Hy tm nng cc ion ca dung dch X, dung dch Y, dung dch Z. Cho bit s gn ng
phi chp nhn khi tnh nng dung dch Y, dung dch Z.
b. Tnh thi gian (theo giy) in phn
c. Tnh th tch kh thu c 27,30C, 1 atm trong s in phn.

Cu 6. (TH-2011)Trn CuO vi mt oxit kim loi n ha tr II
theo t l mol 1:2 c hn hp A. Dn mt lung kh H2 i qua
3,6 gam A nung nng thu c hn hp B. ha tan ht B cn 60
ml dung dch HNO3 nng 2,5M v thu c V lt kh NO duy
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
2
Nguyn Th Chin
nht(ktc) v dung dch ch cha nitrat kim loi. Xc nh
kimloi ha tr II ni trn v tnh V.

Cu 7. Hn hp A gm 3 oxit st. Dung dch B cha hn hp HCl v H
2
SO
4
long. Ha tan ht
3,92 gam A trong H
2
SO
4
long va thu c dung dch C. Mt khc ha tan ht 3,92 gam
A phi cn t nht 70 ml dung dch B, sau phn ng thu c dung dch D. C cn cc dung dch
C, D thu c mui khan c khi lng ln lt l 9,52 gam v 8,645 gam.
1. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi nguyn t trong A.
2. Tnh nng mol mi axit trong dung dch B.

Cu 8. Hp cht A to bi 2 ion X
2+
v YZ
2
3

. Tng s electron ca YZ
2
3

l 32 ht, Y v Z u
c s proton bng s ntron. Hiu s ntron ca 2 nguyn t X v Y bng 3 ln s proton ca Z.
Khi lng phn t A bng 116.
Xc nh cng thc ca A.

Cu 9. Hn hp kh X gm O
2
v O
3
c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 17,6. Hn hp kh Y gm etan
v etyl amin c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 20. t chy hon ton V
1
lt Y cn va V
2
lt X
(bit sn phm chy gm CO
2
, H
2
O v N
2
, cc cht kh u o ktc). Dn ton b sn phm
chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d, sau phn ng thu c 20,0 gam kt ta, nhn
thy khi lng dung dch nc vi trong gim m gam v c kh N
2
thot ra khi bnh. Bit cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Tnh m v t l V
2
:V
1
.

Cu 10. Nh t t 75,0 gam dung dch HCl 14,6% vo dung dch cha 10,6 gam Na
2
CO
3
v
15,0 gam KHCO
3
, sau cho thm tip vo dung dch cha 6,84 gam Ba(OH)
2
, lc b kt ta.
C cn dung dch thu c m gam rn. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh m. ?

Cu 11. Cho a gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300,0 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1 M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn v c 448,0 ml kh (ktc) thot ra.
Thm tip vo bnh NaNO
3
, lng NaNO
3
phn ng ti a l 0,425 gam; khi cc phn ng kt
thc thu kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v khi lng mui trong dung dch l 3,865 gam.
Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

Cu 12. Mt khong vt cha: 31,28492% silic ; 53,63128% oxi cn li l nhm v Beri v khi
lng. Xc nh cng thc ca khong vt bit trong cht Si c s oxi ha cao nht, Be c
ho tr 2, Al ha tr 3, Si ho tr 4 v oxi ha tr 2.

Cu 13. X l dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Y l dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. Trn 200ml dung dch X vi 300ml
dung dch Y thu c 8,55 gam kt ta. Trn 200ml dung dch X vi 500ml dung dch Y thu
c 12,045 gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch X v Y.

Cu 14. Ha tan 2,56 gam Cu vo 25,20 gam dung dch HNO
3
nng 60% thu c dung dch
A. Thm 210 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch A. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, em c cn
hn hp thu c cht rn X. Nung X n khi lng khng i c 17,40 gam cht rn Y.
Tnh nng % ca dung dch A.

Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
3
Nguyn Th Chin
Cu 15. Cho 6,000 g mu cht cha Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
v cc tp cht tr. Ha tan mu vo lng d
dung dch KI trong mi trng axit (kh tt c st thnh Fe
2+
) to ra dung dch A. Pha long
dung dch A n th tch 50 mL. Lng I
2
c trong 10 mL dung dch A phn ng va vi
5,500 mL dung dch Na
2
S
2
O
3
1,00M (sinh ra S
4
O
6
2-
). Ly 25 mL mu dung dch A khc, chit
tch I
2
, lng Fe
2+
trong dung dch cn li phn ng va vi 3,20 mL dung dch MnO
4
-

1,000M trong H
2
SO
4
.
a.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (dng phng trnh ion thu gn).
b.Tnh phn trm khi lng Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
trong mu ban u.

Cu 16. Thc t khong pirit c th coi l hn hp ca FeS
2
v FeS. Khi x l mt mu khong
pirit bng brom trong dung dch KOH d ngi ta thu c kt ta nu A v dung dch B.
Nung kt ta B n khi lng khng i thu c 0,2g cht rn. Thm lng d dung dch
BaCl
2
vo dung dch B th thu c 1,1087g kt ta trng khng tan trong axit.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
2. Xc nh cng thc tng ca pirit.
3. Tnh khi lng brom theo l thuyt cn oxi ha mu khong.

Cu 17. Hn hp A gm bt S v Mg. un nng A trong iu kin khng c khng kh, sau
lm ngui v cho sn phm tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c 2,987 L kh B c t khi
so vi khng kh bng 0,8966. t chy ht kh B, sau cho ton b sn phm vo 100ml H
2
O
2
5% (D = 1g/mL) thu c dung dch D. Xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong A v nng %
cc cht to ra trong dung dch D. Cho th tch cc cht kh o iu kin tiu chun.
Hm lng cho php ca tp cht lu hunh trong nhin liu l 0,30%. Ngi ta t chy
hon ton 100,0 gam mt loi nhin liu v dn sn phm chy (gi thit ch c CO
2
, SO
2
v hi
nc) qua dung dch KMnO
4
5,0.10
-3
M trong H
2
SO
4
th thy th tch dung dch KMnO
4
phn
ng va ht
Cu 18. Hn hp X gm Fe v mt kim loi R c ho tr khng i. Ho tan hon ton 3,3 gam
X trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,9568 lt kh 27,3
o
C, 1 atm. Mt khc, ho tan hon ton
cng 3,3 gam X trong dung dch HNO
3
1,0M (ly d 10%) th thu c 896 ml hn hp kh Y
gm N
2
O, NO ( ktc) c t khi so vi hn hp gm NO, C
2
H
6
l 1,35 v dung dch Z.
a. Xc nh kim loi R v tnh phn trm khi lng ca cc kim loi trong X.
b. Cho dung dch Z tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH thy xut hin 4,77 gam kt ta.
Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH, bit Fe(OH)
3
kt ta hon ton.

Cu 19. Cho 88,2 g hn hp A gm FeCO
3
, FeS
2
cng lng khng kh (ly d 10% so vi
lng cn thit t chy ht A) vo bnh kn dung tch khng i. Nung bnh mt thi gian
xy ra phn ng, sau a bnh v nhit trc khi nung, trong bnh c kh B v cht rn C
(gm Fe
2
O
3
, FeCO
3
, FeS
2
). Kh B gy ra p sut ln hn 1,45% so vi p sut kh trong bnh
trc khi nung. Ha tan cht rn C trong lng d H
2
SO
4
long, c kh D ( lm kh); cc
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
4
Nguyn Th Chin
cht cn li trong bnh cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch KOH thu c cht rn E. E
ngoi khng kh cho n khi khi lng khng i, c cht rn F. Bit rng: Trong hn hp A
mt mui c s mol gp 1,5 ln s mol ca mui cn li; gi thit hai mui trong A c kh nng
nh nhau trong cc phn ng; khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch.
a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b.Tnh phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp F.
c.Tnh t khi ca kh D so vi kh B.

Cu 20.
1. Cho 20,80 gam hn hp Fe, FeS, FeS
2
, S tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c nng d thu
c V lt kh NO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 91,30 gam kt ta. Tnh V?
2. Cho m gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu (trong Fe chim 30% v khi lng) vo 50
ml dung dch HNO
3
nng 63% (d = 1,38 gam/ml) un nng, khuy u hn hp ti cc phn
ng hon ton thu c rn A cn nng 0,75 m gam, dung dch B v 6,72 lt hn hp kh NO
2

v NO ( ktc). Hi c cn dung dch B th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ? (Gi s trong
qu trnh un nng HNO
3
bay hi khng ng k)


Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
5
Nguyn Th Chin
HNG DN GII
1. Hng dn chm
a. (1,5 im) Phn ng nhit Al: 2yAl + 3FexOy yAl2O3 + 3xFe (1)
V cht rn sau phn ng: B + dung dch NaOH c H2 to ra nn trong B c Al d v B
gm: Al2O3: a mol , Fe: b mol v Al : c mol d.
B + dung dch NaOH:
Al2O3 + 2NaOH + H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] (2)
mol a 2a
2Al + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2 (3)
mol 0,02 0,02
22,4
0,672 = 0,03
Theo (3): nAl d= c = 0,02 mol (I)
Dung dch C thu c gm: NaOH d, Na[Al(OH)4]: 2a+ 0,02 mol tc dng vi dung dch HCl
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O (4)
Na[Al(OH)4] + HCl NaCl + Al(OH)3 + H2O (5)
mol 2a + 0,
+02 2a + 0,02
Theo (5): nAl(OH)3 = 2a + 0,02 mol nung:
Al(OH)3 t0 Al2O3 + H2O (6)
mol 2a + 0,02 a + 0,01
Theo (6) nAl2O3 = a + 0,01 =
102
5,1 = 0,05 mol (II)
Phn khng tan D: Fe + dung dch H2SO4 c, nng sau phn ng thu c 1 mui Fe duy nht
nn c 2 trng hp:
- TH1: To mui st (III):
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (7)
mol 0,08
22,4
2,688 = 0,12
Theo (7): nFe= b= 0,08 mol (III)
T (I, II, III) c a= 0,04; b= 0,08; c=0,02 mol
Theo (1):
0,04
3 0,08
2 3
= =
y
x
nAl O
nFe
3
= 2
y
x oxit l Fe2O3
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
6
Nguyn Th Chin
- TH2: To mui st (II) (2 phng trnh gp 1)
Fe + 2H2SO4 FeSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O (8)
mol 0,12 0,12
Theo (8): nFe = b = 0,12 mol (IV)
T (I,II, IV) c: a= 0,04; b= 0,12; c= 0,02 mol
Theo (1):
0,04
3 0,12
2 3
= =
y
x
nAl O
nFe
1
= 1
y
x oxit l FeO
b.(0,5 im) -TH1: m = mAl2O3 + mFe + mAl d = 0,04.102 + 0,08.56 + 0,02.27 = 9,1 gam
- TH2: m=mAl2O3 + mFe + mAl d = 0,04.102 + 0,12.56 + 0,02.27 = 11,34 gam

2.
A : Z
A,
N
A

B: Z
B
, N
B
Theo bi ra ta c:
(2Z
A
+ N
A
) + 2(2Z
B
+ N
B
) = 106 (1)
(2Z
A
+ 4Z
B
) - (N
A
+ 2N
B
) = 34 (2)
(2Z
A
+ N
A
) - (2Z
B
+ N
B
) = 34 (3)
(Z
A
+ N
A
) - (Z
B
+ N
B
) = 23 (4)


T (1) v (2) ta gii c:
A B
A B
2Z 4Z 70 (5)
N 2N 36 (6)
+ =

+ =

T (3) v (4) ta gii c:
A B
A B
Z - Z 11 (7)
N N 12 (8)
=

T (5) v (7) ta gii c Z
A
= 19, Z
B
= 8


Vy hp cht l KO
2
: kali supeoxit
3. Gi x l s th t nhm A (ha tr)
Cng thc oxit cao nht: R
2
O
x

CT hp cht kh vi H: RH
8-x

Ta c:
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
7
Nguyn Th Chin
34
25 , 20
8
:
16 2
2
=
+ + x R
R
x R
R

R =
5 , 27
544 392 x


x 4 5 6 7
R 37,2 51,5 65,7 80

Vy: R l Br

2M + aBr
2
2MBr
a

2M 2M + 160a
4,05 40,05
T l:
05 , 40
160 2
05 , 4
2 a M M +
=
72M = 648a
M = 9a

a 1 2 3
M 9 18 27

Vy: M l Al
4. Phng trnh ha hc:

2Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x 2y)H
2
SO
4
xFe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+(3x-2y)SO
2
+ (6x-2y)H
2
O
a ax/2 ( 3x-2y).a/2

Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+2H
2
O

b b b
Ta c :
(56x + 16y).a + 64b = 2,44 (1)

(3x-2y).a/2 + b = 0,0225 (2)

200x.a + 160.b = 6,6 (3)


ax = 0,025
=>
ay = 0,025

b = 0,01
a) Ta c x/y = 1 => cng thc Fe
x
O
y
l: FeO

Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
8
Nguyn Th Chin
b)Khi lng Cu: 64.0,01 = 0,64 gam
Phn trm khi lng ca Cu l: 0,64 . 100/2,44 = 26,23 %
Phn trm khi lng ca Fe
x
O
y
l: 100 26,23 = 73,77 %
5.
6.
7. 4.2. 2(1,5 ):
Khi lng Fe c trong A: 3,92 -0,07x16 = 2,8 gam.
Gi x l nng mol HCl, y nng mol H
2
SO
4
8,645 = 2,8 + 0,07(35,5x + 96y) (1)
S mol H
+
= 2s mol O = 0,14 mol

(x + 2y)0,07 = 0,14 (2)
Gii 1, 2 c x =1 , y = 0,5.
8. Gi Z
X
, N
X
l s proton (cng bng s electron) v s ntron ca nguyn t X
Gi Z
Y
, N
Y
l s proton (cng bng s electron) v s ntron ca nguyn t Y
Gi Z
Z
, N
Z
l s proton (cng bng s electron) v s ntron ca nguyn t Z
Ta c: Z
Y
+ 3Z
Z
= 30
N
X
N
Y
= 3Z
Z

(Z
X
+ N
X
) + (Z
Y
+ N
Y
)+ 3(Z
Z
+ N
Z
) = 116
Z
Y
= N
Y

Z
Z
= N
Z

Z
X
+ N
X
+ 2Z
Y
+ 6Z
Z
= 116 (1)
N
X
N
Y
= 3Z
Z
(2)
Z
Y
+ 3Z
Z
= 30 (3)
Z
X
+ N
X
= 56 (4)
T (2),(3) N
X
= 30 T (4) Z
X
= 26 (Fe)
Z
Y
+ 3Z
Z
= 30 Z
Z
<
30
10
3
=
Z: Phi kim (6,7,8,9).
Z
Z
6 7 8 9
Z
Y
12 9 6 3
Bin lun chn O (Z
Z
= 8) Z
Y
= 6 (C)
*
Y
M = 40: x mol C
2
H
6
30 5

40

y mol C
2
H
7
N 45 10

y
x
=
2
1
10
5
7 2
6 2
= =
N H C
H C
n
n
y = 2.x
V
2
lt X

3
2
O
O
+ V
1
lt Y

N H C
H C
7 2
6 2

2
2
2
N
O H
CO

du OH Ca dd
2
) (
CaCO
3
+

3
CaCO
n =
2
CO
n = 0,2 mol = 2.x + 2.y x = 1/30 (mol); y = 1/15 (mol)

O H
n
2
= 3.x + 3,5.y= 1/3 (mol)
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
9
Nguyn Th Chin
* m
dd gim
=
3
CaCO
m - (
2
CO
m +
O H
m
2
) = 5,2g
*
X
M = 35,2: a mol O
2
32 12,8

35,2

b mol O
3
48 3,2

b
a
=
1
4
2 , 3
8 , 12
3
2
= =
O
O
n
n

2.a + 3.b = 2.0,2 + 1/3 a = 4/15 (mol) ; b = 1/15 (mol)

2
1
V
V
=
15
1
30
1
)
15
1
15
4
(
+
+
= 3,33333
Kt qu: * m
dd gim
=
3
CaCO
m - (
2
CO
m +
O H
m
2
) = 5,2g
*
2
1
V
V
= 3,33333
Gi x, y,z ,t (cm
3
) ln lt l th tch ca C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
,C
2
H
2
v H
2
c trong hh A
* C
2
H
6
+
2
7
O
2
2CO
2
+ 3 H
2
O
x 2x (cm
3
)
C
2
H
4
+ 3O
2
2CO
2
+ 2 H
2
O
y 2y (cm
3
)
C
2
H
2
+
2
5
O
2
2 CO
2
+ H
2
O
z 2z (cm
3
)
* Hn hp A

3
/ . PbCO Pd
hn hp B gim 10 cm
3

l th tch cht tham gia
phn ng H
2
d v C
2
H
2
ht B gm: C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
v H
2
d
C
2
H
2
+ H
2

3
/ Pd PbCO

C
2
H
4

* Hn hp B gm: C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
v H
2


0
,t Ni
1 cht kh duy nht C
2
H
6

C
2
H
4
+ H
2


0
,t Ni
C
2
H
6
Ta c h pt:
50
50 40
2 2 2 45
x y z t
z
x y z
y z z t
+ + + =

+ + =

+ + =

5
7, 5
10
27, 5
x
y
z
t
=

% V
C2H6
= 10,0%; % V
C2H4
= 15,0% ; % V
C2H2
= 20,0 %; % V
H2
= 55,0%
10.
HCl
n =
+
H
n =

Cl
n = 0,3 (mol)
3 2
CO Na
n = 0,1 (mol)
+
Na
n = 0,2 (mol);
2
3
CO
n = 0,1 (mol)
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
10
Nguyn Th Chin
3
KHCO
n =
+
K
n =

3
HCO
n = 0,15 (mol);
2
) (OH Ba
n =
+ 2
Ba
n = 0,04 (mol)

OH
n = 0,08 (mol)
* H
+
+ CO
2
3
HCO

3

0,3 0,1 0,1 (mol)
* H
+
d: H
+
+ HCO

3
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,2 0,25 0,2 (mol)
* HCO

3
d: HCO

3
+ OH

CO
2
3
+ H
2
O
0,05 0,08 0,05 (mol)
* Ba
+ 2
+ CO
2
3

BaCO
3
+
0,04 0,05 0,04 (mol)
Trong dung dch sau phn ng cn li: Na
+
: 0,2 mol; K
+
: 0,15 mol; Cl

: 0,3 mol; CO
2
3
:
0,01 mol v OH

: 0,03 mol.
Kt qu: 22,21 gam
11.

2 4
H SO
n = 0,03 (mol)
H
n
+
= 0,06 (mol) ;
3
NaNO
n = 0,005 (mol)

2
H
n = 0,02 (mol)
H
n
+ p
= 0,04 (mol)
H
n
+ d
= 0,02 (mol)
* Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2

x 2x x x (mol)
Al + 3H
+
Al
3+
+ 3/2H
2
y 3y y 3/2y (mol)
* 4H
+
+ NO
3

+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O
0,02 0,005 (mol)
Sau phn ng H
+
v NO
3

ht
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
z 2z/3 (mol)
3Fe
2+
+ 4H
+
+ NO
3

3Fe
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O
x x/3 (mol)
Mui cha: Fe
3+
, Al
3+
, Cu
2+
, Na
+
,
2
4
SO


m
mui
= m
cc kim loi ban u
+
2
4
SO
m

+
Na
m
+
= 3,865 (gam)
m
cc kim loi ban u
= 3,865 (0,005.23) (0,03.96) = 0,87 (gam)
Ta c h pt:
56 27 64 0, 87
3
0, 02
2
2. 0, 005
3 3
x y z
x y
x z

+ + =

+ =

+ =

0, 005
0, 01
0, 005
x
y
z
=

Kt qu: %m
Fe
= 32,18390%; %m
Al
=31,03448%; %m
Cu
=36,78160%
12. Gi %Al = a; %Be= b.
a + b = 100 (31,28492 + 53,63128) = 15,0838 (%) (1)
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
11
Nguyn Th Chin
(3
27
a
) + (2
9
b
)+ (4
31, 28492
28
) (2
53, 63128
16
) = 0 (2)
T (1) v (2) a = 10,05587 (%) v b= 5,02792 (%)
Al: Be : Si : O =
10, 05587
27
:
5, 02792
9
:
31, 28492
28
:
53, 63128
16
= 2 : 3 : 6 : 18
13. Th nghim 1: Cho 200 ml dd X tc dng vi 300 ml dd Y thu c 8,55g kt ta.
Th nghim 2: Cho 200 ml dd X tc dng vi 500 ml dd Y thu c 12,045g kt ta.
T kt qu trn suy ra th nghim 1 Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
d cn th nghim 2 Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
ht.
Gi nng Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v Ba(OH)
2
ln lt l x, y
Ta c: Th nghim 1
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Ba(OH)
2
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3BaSO
4
(1)
0,3y 0,2y 0,3y (mol)
m = 0,2y. 78 + 0,3y. 233 = 8,55 y = 0,1 C
M
(Ba(OH)
2
) = 0,1M

Ta c: Th nghim 2
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Ba(OH)
2
2Al(OH)
3
+ 3BaSO
4
(2)
0,2x 0,6x 0,4x 0,6x (mol)
Sau phn ng 2 th
2
( ) Ba OH du
n = 0,05 0,6x
Xy ra tip phn ng: 2Al(OH)
3
+ Ba(OH)
2
Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 4H
2
O (3)
TH1: Nu Al(OH)
3
d:
3
( ) Al OH du
n = 0,4x 2.(0,05-0,6x) = 1,6x -0,1 mol
m = (1,6x 0,1).78 + 0,6x.233 = 12,045
x = 0,075 C
M
(Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
) =0,075M

TH2: Nu Al(OH)
3
tan ht theo phn ng 3 khi ta c:
( ) 0, 4x 2 0, 05 0, 6x
0, 6 .233 12, 045 x
s

(loi)

14. n
Cu
= 0,04 mol; n
NaOH
= 0,21 mol; n
HNO3
= 0,24 mol.
Cc qu trnh xy ra:
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
0,04 0,04 0,08 mol
3 2
4 3 2 NO H e NO H O
+
+ + +
4x 3x x mol
3 2 2
2 NO H e NO H O
+
+ + +
2y y y mol
Dung dch A c Cu(NO
3
)
2
, c th c HNO
3
.
Ta c:
0
2
dd NaOH t
3 2 c can
3 2
Cu(OH) CuO
ddA NaNO NaNO
c the c NaOH du c th c NaOH hoac Cu(NO )
+








Gi s mol NaNO
2
trong cht rn sau khi nung l x. Theo bo ton nguyn t ta c:
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
12
Nguyn Th Chin
0, 04
CuO
n = mol; n
NaOH d
= 0,21-x m
Y
= 80. 0,04 + 69x + 40(0,21 - x) = 17,4
x = 0,2 n
NaNO2
= 0,2 mol

Theo bo ton nguyn t N suy ra
2
0, 24 0, 2 0, 04
NO NO
n n + = =
Gi s mol NO v NO
2
to ra ln lt l x, y (x,y 0).
Ta c:
0, 04
3 0, 08
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

x =y =0,02
3
4 2 0,12
HNO pu
H pu
n n x y
+
= = + =

Trong dung dch A c;
n
Cu(NO3)2
= n
Cu
= 0,04 mol
n
HNO3 d
= 0,24-0,12 = 0,12 mol.
m
dd A
= 2,56 + 25,2 (m
NO
+ m
NO2
) = 26,24 gam.
C% HNO
3
d = 28,81%; C% Cu(NO
3
)
2
= 28,66%
15. Phng trnh phn ng:
a.Fe
3
O
4
+ 2I
-
+ 8H
+
3Fe
2+
+ I
2
+

4H
2
O (1)
Fe
2
O
3
+ 2I
-
+ 6H
+
2Fe
2+
+ I
2
+

3H
2
O (2)
2S
2
O
3
2-
+ I
2
S
4
O
6
2-
+ 2I
-
(3)
5Fe
2+
+ MnO
4
-
+ 8H
+
5Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O (4)
b.Tnh phn trm:
(3) mol 00275 , 0 1 0055 , 0
2
1
n
2
1
n
2
3 2
2 O S
) 3 ( I
= = =


(4) mol 016 , 0 1 0032 , 0 5 n 5 n
4
2
MnO ) 4 ( Fe
= = =
+

t s mol Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
ln lt l x v y ta c:

=
=

= = +
= = +
00925 , 0 y
0045 , 0 x
01375 , 0 5 00275 , 0 y x
032 , 0 2 016 , 0 y 2 x 3

% 4 , 17 % 100
000 , 6
232 0045 , 0
m %
4 3
O Fe
=

=
% 7 , 24 % 100
000 , 6
160 00925 , 0
m %
3 2
O Fe
=

=
1. 16. Phng trnh phn ng:
2FeS
2
+ 15Br
2
+ 38OH
-
2Fe(OH)
3
+ 4SO
4
2-
+ 30Br
-
+ 16H
2
O (1)
2FeS + 9Br
2
+ 22OH
-
2Fe(OH)
3
+ 2SO
4
2-
+ 18Br
-
+ 8H
2
O (2)
2Fe(OH)
3
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O (3)
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
(4)

2. Cng thc:
mol 10 . 5 , 2
160
2 , 0
2 n 2 n , mol 10 . 75 , 4
233
1087 , 1
n n
3
O Fe Fe
3
SO Ba S
3 2 4

= = = = = =
9 , 1 : 1 10 . 75 , 4 : 10 . 5 , 2 n : n
3 3
S Fe
= =


cng thc FeS
1,9
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
13
Nguyn Th Chin

3. Gi s mol FeS
2
v FeS ln lt l x v y ta c:

=
=

= +
= +

3
3
3
3
10 . 25 , 0 y
10 . 25 , 2 x
10 . 75 , 4 y x 2
10 . 5 , 2 y x

g 88 , 2 160 10 . 25 , 0
2
9
10 . 25 , 2
2
15
m
3 3
Br
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ =


17.
1. Phng trnh phn ng:
S + Mg MgS (1)
MgS + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
S (2)
Mg + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
(3)
26 29 8966 , 0 MB = = B cha H
2
S v H
2
[Mg c d sau phn ng (1)]
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol kh H
2
S v H
2
, ta c

=
+
+
= +
26
y x
y 2 x 34
4 , 22
987 , 2
y x

Gii ra ta c x = 0,1 ; y =
3
1 , 0
. T (1), (2), (3) ta c:
( )
=
+ |
.
|

\
|
+

= % 100
32 1 , 0 24
3
1 , 0
1 , 0
32 1 , 0
) S ( m % 50%, = ) Mg ( m % 50%
H
2
S +
2
3
O
2
SO
2
+ H
2
O
0,1 0,1 0,1
H
2
+
2
1
O
2
H
2
O
0,033 0,033
SO
2
+ H
2
O
2
H
2
SO
4

0,1 0,147
0 0,047 0,1
m(dung dch) = ( ) ( ) 8 , 108 18 133 , 0 64 1 , 0 100 = + + gam
C%(H
2
SO
4
) = = % 100
8 , 108
98 . 1 , 0
9%; C%(H
2
O
2
) = =
8 , 108
34 . 047 , 0
1,47%
2. Phng trnh phn ng:
S + O
2
SO
2

(1)
5SO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2H
2
O K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 2H
2
SO
4
(2)
T (1) v (2)
3
KMnO SO S
10 . 8125 , 7 005 , 0 625 , 0
2
5
n
2
5
n n
4 2

= = = = mol
=

=

% 100
100
32 10 . 8125 , 7
m %
3
S
0,25% < 0,30%
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
14
Nguyn Th Chin
Vy nhin liu trn c php s dng.
18.
Cc pthh:
+ X tc dng vi HCl:
2R + 2nHCl 2RCl
n
+ nH
2
(1)
Fe + 2HCl

FeCl
2
+ H
2

(2)
+ X tc dng vi HNO
3

Qu trnh oxi ha: Fe Fe
3+
+ 3e; R R
n+
+ ne
Qu trnh kh: 2NO
3

+ 10H
+
+ 8e N
2
O + 5H
2
O
NO
3

+ 4H
+
+3e NO + 2H
2
O
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol N
2
O v NO trong hn hp Y, ta c:

=
=

+ = +
= +
01 , 0
03 , 0
) ( 35 , 1 . 30 30 44
4 , 22
896 , 0
y
x
y x y x
y x

Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca R v Fe trong 3,3 gam hn hp X. Theo d kin cho v cc
phng trnh, ta c h:

=
=
= =

=
=
=

+ = +
+
= +
= +
03 , 0
06 , 0
) ( 27 3
9
18 , 0
03 , 0
3 . 01 , 0 8 . 03 , 0 3
) 3 , 27 273 ( 082 , 0
9568 , 2
. 2 2
3 , 3 56
b
a
Al R n
n R
an
b
b an
b an
b aR


trong X c %Al = 49%; %Fe = 51%
b. Dung dch Z gm: Al
3+
(0,06 mol); Fe
3+
(0,03 mol); NO
3

H
+
d:
100
10
(3.0,06 + 3.0,03 + 0,03.2 + 0,01) = 0,034 mol
Cho NaOH vo dung dch Z th:
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O (3)
Fe
3+
+ 3OH

Fe(OH)
3
(4)
Al
3+
+ 3OH

Al(OH)
3

(5)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH

[Al(OH)
4
]

+ 2H
2
O (6)
Ta c khi lng kt ta Fe(OH)
3
l 0,03.107 = 3,21 gam
s mol ca Al(OH)
3
l 02 , 0
78
21 , 3 77 , 4
=

(mol) < s mol Al

3+

Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
15
Nguyn Th Chin
Xt hai trng hp:
* TH (1): NaOH khng kt ta ht Al
3+
:
S mol OH

cn dng l: (0,034 + 0,02.3 + 0,03.3) = 0,184 mol

Nng ca dung dch NaOH l: C
M
= 0,184/0,4 = 0,46 M
* TH (2): Al
3+
phn ng sinh ra c Al(OH)
3
v [Al(OH)
4
]

S mol NaOH = 0,034 + 0,03.3 + 0,06.3 + (0,06 0,02) = 0,344 mol
Nng : C
M
(NaOH) 0,344/0,4 = 0,86 M
19.
- Pthh ca cc phn ng xy ra
4FeCO
3
+ O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 4CO
2
(1)
4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2
(2)
+ Kh B gm: CO
2
, SO
2
, O
2
, N
2
; cht rn C gm: Fe
2
O
3
, FeCO
3
, FeS
2
.
+ C phn ng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long:
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (3)
FeCO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(4)
FeS
2
+ H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ S

+ H
2
S (5)
+ Kh D gm: CO
2
v H
2
S; cc cht cn li gm:FeSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, H
2
SO
4
d v S, khi tc dng
vi KOH d:
2KOH + H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (6)
2KOH + FeSO
4
Fe(OH)
2
+ K
2
SO
4
(7)
6KOH + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
2Fe(OH)
3
+ 3K
2
SO
4
(8)
+ Kt ta E gm Fe(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
v S, khi ra khng kh th ch c phn ng:
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4Fe(OH)
3
(9)
Vy F gm Fe(OH)
3
v S
- Nhn xt: So snh h s cc cht kh trong (1) v (2) ta thy: p sut kh sau phn ng tng ln
chng t lng FeCO
3
c trong hn hp A nhiu hn FeS
2
.
Gi a l s mol ca FeS
2
s mol ca FeCO
3
l 1,5a, ta c:
116.1,5a + 120a = 88,2 a = 0,3.
+ Vy trong A gm : FeS
2
(0,3 mol), FeCO
3
(0,45 mol).
+ Nu A chy hon ton th cn lng O
2
l : (0,45/4 + 11.0,3/4) = 1,03125 mol s mol N
2
l
4.1,03125 = 4,125 mol ; s mol khng kh l (1,03125 + 4,125) = 5,15625 mol.
Ti liu BD MTCT cp TP-Ha Hc
16
Nguyn Th Chin
- V hai mui trong A c kh nng nh nhau trong cc phn ng nn gi x l s mol FeS
2
tham
gia phn ng (1) th s mol FeCO
3
tham gia phn ng (2) l 1,5x.
+ Theo (1), (2) v theo cho ta c : n
B
= (5,15625 + 0,375x)
+ V p sut sau phn ng tng 1,45% so vi p sut trc khi nung, ta c :
(5,15625 + 0,375x) = 5,15625. 101,45/100 x = 0,2
- Theo cc phn ng (1), ...(9) ta c cht rn F gm : Fe(OH)
3
(0,75 mol) v S (0,1 mol). Vy
trong F c %Fe(OH)
3
= 96,17% ; %S = 3,83%
- B gm: N2 (4,125 mol), O2 (0,40625 mol), CO2 (0,3 mol), SO2 (0,4 mol) MB = 32.
- Kh D gm CO2 (0,15 mol), H2S (0,1 mol) MD = 40. Vy dD/B = 1,25
20.
Do sn phm cui cng khi cho hn hp tc dng vi HNO
3
c nng c Fe
3+
, SO
4
2-
nn c th coi hn hp
ban u l Fe v S. Gi x v y l s mol ca Fe v S, s mol ca NO
2
l a
Fe Fe
+3
+ 3e
x x 3x
S S
+6
+ 6e
y y 6y
N
+5
+ e N
+4

a a a
A tc dng vi Ba(OH)
2

Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3

Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4

Ta c h phng trnh
56x + 32 y = 20,8
107x + 233y = 91,3

Gii ra
x =0,2
y = 0,3

Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = a = 3.0,2 + 6.0,3 = 2,4
V = 2,4.22,4 = 53,76 (lt)
Khi lng Fe = 0,3m (g); khi lng rn A = 0,75 m(g). Suy ra lng Fe phn ng = 0,25 m Fe d ;
Cu cha phn ng. Dung dch B cha Fe(NO
3
)
2
, khng c Fe(NO
3
)
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2

n
hn hpkh =
6,72/22,4= 0,3 mol

S mol HNO
3
=
69 , 0
63 . 100
63 . 38 , 1 . 50
=
(mol)
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
NO
3
-
+ 3e NO
NO
3
-
+e NO
2

S mol NO
3
-
to mui = 0,69 0,3 = 0,39 (mol)
Khi lng Fe(NO
3
)
2
=
1
.0, 39(56 62.2) 35,1( )
2
g + = (gam)